• List of Articles DOM

      • Open Access Article

        1 - The role of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering from the perspective of the Supreme Leader
        حسن سلطانی
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. The research method is descriptive-survey and the statistical po More
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. The research method is descriptive-survey and the statistical population is 380 academic staff members of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz branch. Using Morgan's table, the sample size was determined to be 181 people. The tools of data collection were two researcher-made questionnaires on the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom and the engineering questionnaire on the culture of resistance economy, which were distributed using a non-random sampling method. Data analysis has been done using correlation tests, analysis of variance and regression. The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom and the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering at the three levels of ideal, existing and goal. Therefore, the existence of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in universities provides a suitable platform for the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering, and with scientific and comprehensive planning and policies, the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom can be established in universities. Raise an acceptable level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - A study of the political patterns of influence of the domination system in the Islamic Republic of Iran
        ahmadreza habibi
        Abstract The political patterns of influence which is the result of the experience of global arrogance in overthrowing anti-imperialist regimes are the roadmap for the political influence of the domination system in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore this study is More
        Abstract The political patterns of influence which is the result of the experience of global arrogance in overthrowing anti-imperialist regimes are the roadmap for the political influence of the domination system in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Therefore this study is in response to this question that what political patterns are used for the political influence of the domination system in the Islamic Republic of Iran, in a descriptive-analytical method, has analyzed and explained the political patterns of influence of the domination system. The results of the present study show that system of domination, after failing in a hard approach to counter the Islamic Revolution of Iran, has entered the campaign against the system of the Islamic Republic with a soft approach. And system of domination using the patterns of democratization, war of ideas, war of wills, RefoLotion, nonviolent struggle, normalization and computational battle, with the aim of transmutation and overthrowing the Islamic Revolution, and using domestic and foreign influencers, has attempted to political influence in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Measurement And Evaluation Of Metropolitan Areas Of Tehran In Terms Of Diversity And Mix Of Urban Uses
        Vahid BostanAhmadi majid akbari سیمین ارمغان Arash Ghasempour
        In recent years, mixing of land use and mixed development has become one of the important areas of research in urban studies. One of the important topics related to the mix of uses is how to measure it in urban areas. Due to the fact that in many researches, the mix of More
        In recent years, mixing of land use and mixed development has become one of the important areas of research in urban studies. One of the important topics related to the mix of uses is how to measure it in urban areas. Due to the fact that in many researches, the mix of uses is assumed as an independent variable that affects other aspects of the urban environment, so how to measure it is very important to achieve reliable results. This research has been carried out in order to measure and evaluate the areas of Tehran metropolis in terms of diversity and mix of urban uses. This research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of targeting. The methods of collecting information and data are in the form of documents (municipal statistics and detailed plan). Shannon's entropy, Gray's relationship analysis, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's dominance models were used to analyze the data and information obtained in ARC/GIS software. Region 3 ranks first with diversity index (0.496) and Simpson dominance index (0.059487). Regions 20 and 19 are ranked second and third respectively with diversity index (0.395) and (0.304) and Simpson dominance index (0.019127) and (0.007362). On the other hand, region 8 with the lowest diversity index (0.022) and Simpson dominance index (0.000006) is ranked last. It shows that 2 regions (4 and 1) are in very high condition, 2 regions (5 and 2) are in high condition, 7 regions (3, 9, 6, 22, 18, 16 and 15) are in medium condition. 5 regions (12, 11, 7, 19 and 20) are in low status and 6 regions (14, 13, 21, 10, 8, low and 17) are in very low status. Statistically, %9 of the regions are in a very high condition, %9 in a high condition, %32 in an average condition, %23 in a low condition, and %27 in a very low condition. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Analyzing the expressive style of Quranic wisdom using the literary structure of exclamation
        fahime fahiminejad mohsen ehteshaminia
        In the Holy Qur'an, the concepts of value and education are expressed in different formats. One of the structures and expressions is the exclamation style, which is used for the purpose of removing ambiguity, emphasizing and exaggerating something and forcing the audien More
        In the Holy Qur'an, the concepts of value and education are expressed in different formats. One of the structures and expressions is the exclamation style, which is used for the purpose of removing ambiguity, emphasizing and exaggerating something and forcing the audience to think and rationalize. Sama'i and Mutlaq are used in the verses of the Quran, in other words, they are the equivalent of emotional sentences in other languages, which are used for the purpose of informing the intelligent audience, clarifying an ambiguous issue and inviting the subject of Mukhtar Aqeel. The analysis and conclusion of the appearances of the translation of the Qur'anic verses have been arranged. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Designing a mathematical model for the multi-product green supply chain of automobile industry under uncertainty
        davood khodadadian reza radfar abbas toloieashlaghi
        Today supply chain network is recognized as the main bases in economic activity. Their significance is due to just in time delivery and the efficiency of different commodities including food, clothing, energy, computer hardware. This has stimulated researchers and exper More
        Today supply chain network is recognized as the main bases in economic activity. Their significance is due to just in time delivery and the efficiency of different commodities including food, clothing, energy, computer hardware. This has stimulated researchers and experts to analyze supply chain problems. Meanwhile, uncertainty has penetrated every level of our lives and we encounter it every day. The present paper focuses on green supply chain that consider uncertainty conditions to solve a model for designing a forward green supply network (environmental)under uncertainty of future economic conditions in Iran Khodro Company. The problem of designing the aforementioned network includes hypotheses including multi-commodity, multi-layer and one-period. Due to inconsistent economic conditions, uncertainty has been differently tackled here as compared with previous literature. In this problem, several important parameters have been considered as indefinite including customers’ demands, operating expenses, the productive capacity and relocating capacity of facilities. The proposed model also considers the contamination of production section and the transportation system of the chain and tries to reduce it by suggesting an objective function and Eco-indicator 99 method. As well, production and distribution centers operate in a dual-purpose manner. Saving costs and reducing contamination due to applying transportation supplies and common infrastructures are among the benefits of this method. Considering the complexity of solving this problem and its NP-hard nature, the meta heuristic method of genetic algorithm with non-dominated sorting (NSGAII) was analyzed and finally model performance was examined with a numerical example and solving it with MATLAB and GAMS software.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - Developing a Model for Promoting Pedagogical Wisdom in Higher Education Based on Grounded Theory
        Farshid Khanjanian Nadergholi Ghourchian Kamran Mohammadkhani Parivash Jafari
        10.30495/jmfr.2022.61211.2489
        Acceptance of complex and creative thinking to demonstrate knowledge from several perspectives is effective in cultivating wisdom in higher education, which provides the basis for the promotion of pedagogical wisdom. The present study aimed to design a model for Promoti More
        Acceptance of complex and creative thinking to demonstrate knowledge from several perspectives is effective in cultivating wisdom in higher education, which provides the basis for the promotion of pedagogical wisdom. The present study aimed to design a model for Promoting Pedagogical Wisdom in Higher Education. The research method is qualitative and based on Grounded Theory. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin method(1998) and paradigm model. Sampling was done in a theoretical way using targeted (judgmental) and snowball (chain) techniques, based on which 1۶ interviews were conducted with experts in the field of educational management and current and former directors of higher education. The results of analyzing the data obtained from the interviews during the open, axial and selective coding process and using Maxqda software to create a model for Promoting Pedagogical Wisdom in Higher Education based on the Grounded Theory of the foundation including 6 main dimensions, ۳۸ sub-dimensions and ۱۸۰ conceptual characteristics led. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - Simulating the Production Line of Reinforcement Bars and Determining the nondominant Solutions for the Number of Cranes
        Mohammadali Afshar Kazemi Mahmoud Alborzi Shadi Mahjoubravesh
        In this research, it has been attempted to model the production line of reinforcement barsusing discrete simulation modeling to determine the number of cranes required, considering therelevant factors such as, production line speed, failure rates of each machine and the More
        In this research, it has been attempted to model the production line of reinforcement barsusing discrete simulation modeling to determine the number of cranes required, considering therelevant factors such as, production line speed, failure rates of each machine and the spacerequirement. To achieve this, the production process was first investigated and an appropriatesimulation model was formulated using the Enterprise Dynamics (ED) simulation package. Therelevant data were then collected for each entity through time study. The sample size and thestatistical distributions were identified. To check for model validation, the simulation resultswere compared with actual data using statistical tests. To determine the desired number ofcranes and improve the production line performance, three indices i.e. output rate, productivityfactor and mean waiting time were determined through expert opinion and eight differentlayouts were constructed as alternatives considering the space constraint. All three indices weredetermined through simulation taking a reproducible approach. The weights of the criteria werecomputed using the Entropy technique and the alternatives were ranked using the TOPSISmethodology Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Factors Affecting the Productivity of Domestic Freight Companies in the Tehran Province
        J. Haghighat Monfared M. Kiani
        This study presents practical solutions to increase the efficiency of Tehran internal road commoditytransportation companies with the aim of recognizing effective elements. To reach this goal, theeffective factors were identified by Delphi techniques, and transportation More
        This study presents practical solutions to increase the efficiency of Tehran internal road commoditytransportation companies with the aim of recognizing effective elements. To reach this goal, theeffective factors were identified by Delphi techniques, and transportation experts were polled aboutthese factors . According to the collected information, the sample groups were extended to a researchstatistical society which involves Tehran internal road commodity transportation managers. Theresults show that the most important factors are the company’s internal environment and operationalenvironment. Customer satisfaction is obtained through on-time product loading and delivery, legalsupport of the union, association of transport companies with the required time, representation inunion, and honesty of union. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - “Happiness” in Iranian Hikmat and its Influence on Islamic Iran
        پروانه عروج نیا
        Hikmat (Iranian ancient wisdom), which mostly appears in Gahan- the primary collection of sacred songs of Zoroastrianism- leaves traces in some of Andarz-Nameh-a kind of literature containing advice and orders for gaining right behavior- has unique characteristics. The More
        Hikmat (Iranian ancient wisdom), which mostly appears in Gahan- the primary collection of sacred songs of Zoroastrianism- leaves traces in some of Andarz-Nameh-a kind of literature containing advice and orders for gaining right behavior- has unique characteristics. The most important feature of this wisdom is a kind of intellectualism which subjectively leads to inner happiness, and man's quest for a joyful and peaceful life in this world (Giti) as well as in the other one (Minoo), and objectively brings about truthfulness, beneficence, good reputation, and in all prosperity in the world. Traces of this worldly wisdom have, to some extent, remained in the works of some writers and poets until the 5th century. The present article tries to describe the principles of this intellectualism in Iranian ancient wisdom and its relation to happiness,  its consequences and  impact on Iranian culture in Islamic era.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Manifestation of Mystical themes in Geometric Patterns in the School of Tabrīz: Sultanīyah Dome
        rana kourehpaz lida balilan
        10.30495/jhcin.2023.21787
        The architecture of the 7th century in Azerbaijan is the manifestation of the glory of Islamic art in Iran, and the peak of it is the Tabrīz school of architecture, which has become more beautiful and richer with the emergence of political and religious developments in More
        The architecture of the 7th century in Azerbaijan is the manifestation of the glory of Islamic art in Iran, and the peak of it is the Tabrīz school of architecture, which has become more beautiful and richer with the emergence of political and religious developments in the Ilkhanate period and changes in previous styles, especially in the arrangement and decoration of buildings. Therefore, the aim of the above research is to know those changes and the concepts hidden in them, which have taken place by examining the geometric arrays, as the dominant decorations in the buildings of this period, in one of the prominent buildings of the Tabriz school, namely the Sultanīyah dome. The building, which is used as a tomb, is a manifestation of the religious and religious beliefs of its era and is considered a window to reach the secrets hidden in the arrangement of the remaining works of this school. In this regard, the recognition of linguistic commonalities in mysticism and architecture and the investigation of mystical themes hidden in geometric arrays are among the goals of the above research, and the results show the influence of mysticism on the geometric arrays of Sultanīyah Dome.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Multi-lump solutions to the KPI equation with a zero degree of derivation
        Pierre Gaillard
        10.30495/jtap.162238
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - String cloud and domain walls with quark matter in kink cosmological model
        Pradyumn Kumar Sahoo Bivudutta Mishra
        10.1186/2251-7235-7-62
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - String cloud and domain walls with quark matter for plane symmetric cosmologicalmodel in bimetric theory
        Pradyumn Kumar Sahoo Bivudutta Mishra
        10.1186/2251-7235-7-12
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Influence of periodically propagating impurity and accompanying time variation of impurity spread on excitation profile of doped quantum dots
        Suvajit Pal Manas Ghosh
        10.1186/2251-7235-6-42
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Low-intensity UV effects on optical constants of PMMA film
        M. Rashidian D. Dorranian
        10.1007/s40094-014-0121-0
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        16 - Mathematical modeling of tumor growth as a random process
        Fatemeh Beigmohammadi Amir A. Masoudi Mohammad Khorrami Amir H. Fatollahi
        10.1007/s40094-020-00384-3
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - Statistical Analysis on IoT Research Trends: A Survey
        Alireza Hedayati Mehrin Rouhifar Sahar Bahramzadeh Vaheh Aghazarian Mostafa Chahardoli
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        18 - Implementation of Random Forest Algorithm in Order to Use Big Data to Improve Real-Time Traffic Monitoring and Safety
        Negin Fatholahzade Gholamreza Akbarizadeh Morteza Romoozi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        19 - The Kinematic Analysis Of Four Degrees Of Freedom For A Medical Robot And Control It By Labview And Arduino Mega2560 (Simulation And Implementation)
        fatima habqa
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        20 - Effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Evaluation Effectiveness Performance in Eslamshahr Branch of Islamic Azad University Employees
        Niloufar Mirsepasi Hajieh Rajabi Farjad Marzieh ebrahimian
        The role of the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is discussed in the performance assessment of employees; in this study .Five dimensions of OCB model are included: altruism, courtesy, wisdom, urban character and generosity. In this study, the organizational More
        The role of the organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is discussed in the performance assessment of employees; in this study .Five dimensions of OCB model are included: altruism, courtesy, wisdom, urban character and generosity. In this study, the organizational citizenship behavior is considered as an independent variable, and performance of the employees is a dependent variable. The purpose of this study is to identify and express the relationship among five organizational citizenship behaviors and to assess the performance of employees of Islamic Azad University of Islamshahr branch. The method of the study is descriptive and correlational. The 180 participants involved in the study, consists of the employees from the Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr branch. The data is analyzed by Spss and hypothesises are tested by Kolmogorov - Smirnov test the results show that there are direct relationship between altruism and performance of the employee, also, there are significant relationship among conscience, performance, sacrifice with performance, urban character and finally between courtesy or respect and performance. In fact, according to original hypothesis there are significant relationship between every five dimensions included altruism, conscience, sacrifice, urban character and courtesy with performance of the employees. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        21 - Investigating the Impact of Media Freedom on the Human Development Index of Southwest Asia Countries with a Dynamic Approach
        Seyyed Mohammad Ghaem Zabihi Mohammad Taher Ahmadi Shadmehri Narges Salehnia Nesa Kamalian
        10.30495/mediastudies.2023.68589.1475
        The impact of a free press on development may never have been properly assessed. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to calculate such an effect. However, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of media freedom on the Human Development Index (HDI) i More
        The impact of a free press on development may never have been properly assessed. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to calculate such an effect. However, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of media freedom on the Human Development Index (HDI) in a group of 21 countries in Southwest Asia in the annual period from 2002 to 2020. To investigate and measure this relationship, the dynamic panel data econometrics method and the generalized two-stage system torque (SGMM) approach have been used. The results of the specified model show that media freedom has a positive and significant effect on the human development index and with one unit increase in the media freedom index, the human development index increases by 4.290 units. Also, other variables of this study, such as GDP per capita and the number of Internet users, increase the human development index by one percent to 2.290 and 6.101 units, respectively, and therefore a positive and significant relationship for both variables was obtained. In addition, the variable of the corruption control index has a negative and significant effect on the human development index and with one unit increase in the corruption control index, the human development index will decrease by 0.006 units Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        22 - EVALUATATION OF MEDIA ETHICS IN HAMSHAHRY NEWSPAPER FROM PERSPECTIVE OF COMMUNICATION SCIENCE AND JOURNALISM STUDENTS OF ALLAMEH TABATABAI UNIVERSITY
        Nazanin Malekian Seyede Nasrin Pour Anvari
        Present research investigates “evaluatation of media ethics in Hamshahry newspaper” from perspective of communicationscience and journalism students of Allameh Tabatabai University in the academic year 2013-2014. This research isconducted through survey rese More
        Present research investigates “evaluatation of media ethics in Hamshahry newspaper” from perspective of communicationscience and journalism students of Allameh Tabatabai University in the academic year 2013-2014. This research isconducted through survey research. For data collection, questionnaire is used. Population studied included all undergraduatestudents, masters and doctoral degree in journalism and communication science of Allameh Tabatabai University who arestudying in these schools, their number is 1280 persons. The questionnaire was handed out to 384 students as the researchsample randomly. Survey results showed that the negative correlation between socioeconomic status and satisfaction withspeech and weak (0.144) and 95 % confidence level , this relationship has been confirmed between respecting freedom ofexpression and media ethics in the newspaper ¬ among the respondents , there is a significant relationship with a strongcorrelation coefficient (0.736) and there was a significant relationship between the accuracy of Hamshahry newspaper andmedia ethics ¬ a strong correlation coefficient (0.774) and 99 % confidence level of significance was confirmed, betweenprivacy of Hamshahry newspaper and media ethics ¬ strongly correlated with (0.427) and 99 % confidence approved. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        23 - The Semantics of Conventional Wisdom and its Effect on Retrieval of Identity of Residential Complexes (Case study: Residential Complexes of Urmia City)
        Samira Nabavi Ali Javan Foruzande Ghasem Motallebi Masomeh Yaghoobi
        10.30495/hoviatshahr.2022.17160
        Consideration of conventional wisdom as one of the significant and efficient factors in the experimental relation of human-environment is of the issues which have been less tackled with architectural research and processes. Crisis of place identity is a sign of disregar More
        Consideration of conventional wisdom as one of the significant and efficient factors in the experimental relation of human-environment is of the issues which have been less tackled with architectural research and processes. Crisis of place identity is a sign of disregard for physical-behavioral patterns in the place, and ultimately the separation of the place from people's experiences and desires. An important point and fundamental gap in place identity research is the lack of attention to the relationship between physical-behavioral patterns arising from the custom of societies and its impact on creating a place identity link. This type of communication, which is called conventional wisdom, is based on the two aspects of rationality and experience, which in the research literature is called conventional wisdom. Furthermore, the place identified as a preparatory space, human social interactions in their semantics, are directly influenced by conventional wisdom. Therefore, the balanced relationship that is formed between a person's place identity and the characteristics of his environment is of great significance. As a result, in the process of architectural design of living space, attention to culture, customs, beliefs, worldview, etc. of any society and its impact on collective identity is of particular importance. The present article tries to focus on creating quality residential environments, examines and identifies the effect of conventional wisdom components on the formation of place identity. Also, since housing covers a large part of cities, the architecture of residential complexes must be consistent with the values, customs, culture, beliefs, worldview, etc. of each community, and this through recognizing the aesthetic tastes of the people is possible. Therefore, the present article is correlational in terms of the type of research: qualitative and quantitative, in terms of strategy: interpretive-analytical, data collection tool, observation and interview, and data analysis method. In this regard, in order to respond to the stated objectives, after examining the proficient conventional wisdom components informing the place identity and extracting the conceptual model of the research, to assess the quality criteria and data validity, the Elahiyeh residential complex in Urmia is selected. This leads to using observation, and interview tools and descriptive statistics and data correlation analysis by SPSS software, the results have been reviewed. In order to identify the role of conventional wisdom as a context for the continuation of social behavior in creating place identity in residential complexes, three components of collective perception, rationality and actuality have been identified as the main structure of the conceptual model of conventional wisdom in place. The achievements of the research show a direct and significant relationship between the three components of conventional wisdom - rationality, collective perception, and actuality- with the variable of place identity, which confirms the conceptual model of the research. Findings of the research show that among the mentioned components, collective perception is the most major and effective component affecting the place identity. This means that attention to physical-behavioral patterns such as values, beliefs, cultural beliefs, etc. play an essential role in creating a place identity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        24 - Investigating the process of the descent of relative depth of space in improving the efficiency of the "courtyard" in traditional houses
        Ali akbar Heidari maryam kiaee
        10.30495/hoviatshahr.2021.16439
        The purpose of this research is to evaluate and measure the efficiency of the yard space with an emphasis on the concept of functional radius in different types of traditional Iranian houses (Kashan & Esfehan). In reviewing the relative depth of sink function, it is More
        The purpose of this research is to evaluate and measure the efficiency of the yard space with an emphasis on the concept of functional radius in different types of traditional Iranian houses (Kashan & Esfehan). In reviewing the relative depth of sink function, it is necessary to convert the quantitative data of the plan into quantitative data... In the physical composition of each home, spaces are divided into two categories: "service spaces" and "service spaces", where the combination of spaces together has a direct relationship with the function of the service provider or service provider. The layout model of the spaces of each home expresses the particular type of spatial relationships of that house, which is sometimes unique in buildings, and sometimes with a stable pattern, in the spatial relationship of the houses jointly observed. The purpose of this article is to examine the performance of the yard in a variety of Iranian house patterns, which is based on the definition of the functional radius of the yard in different patterns of the house. In order to test the above process, three different models of a gull, two gullies and three gullies in Kashan and three samples with the mentioned characteristics in Yazd were selected as case samples. In this research, in order to determine the functional efficiency of space, justification graphs and syntactical maths are used. Different parts of the house, like many other spaces, have spatial priorities and special rankings for better service and therefore a good performance. In the physical composition of each home, spaces are divided into two parts: "Service spaces" and "Service spaces", where the combination of spaces together has a direct relationship with the function of the service provider or service provider. The layout model of the spaces of each home expresses the particular type of spatial relationships of that house, which is sometimes unique in buildings, and sometimes with a stable pattern, in the spatial relationship of houses is seen jointly. The purpose of this article is to examine the performance of the yard in a variety of Iranian house patterns, which is based on the definition of the functional radius of the yard in different patterns of the house. In order to test the above process, three different models of a gull, two gullies and three gullies in Kashan and three samples with the mentioned characteristics in Yazd were selected as case samples. In this research, in order to determine the functional efficiency of space, justification graphs and syntactical maths are used. Accordingly, the research question in relation to the research goal is as follows:How does changing the functional radius in space increase or decrease the efficiency of the yard in the Iranian home?Accordingly, the hypothesis on the answer to the research question is as follows:The greater the functional radius of a space in the configuration of the building, the effective radius and the sphere of influence of that space decrease, and thus the efficiency of the space increases. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        25 - Contemplating the Condition of Urban Design’s Knowledge in Iran and Its Future Challenges
        Hooman Foroughmand Araabi Maryam Khabazi
        To make the knowledge of urban design suitable for the situation of Iran and in order to achieve vernacular urban design, besides broadening the knowledge of urban design, it is utterly crucial to evaluate today’s urban design knowledge and its circumstances. Give More
        To make the knowledge of urban design suitable for the situation of Iran and in order to achieve vernacular urban design, besides broadening the knowledge of urban design, it is utterly crucial to evaluate today’s urban design knowledge and its circumstances. Given the fact that, after about 4 decades from the entrance of the knowledge of urban design into Iran, which seems to be an appropriate time for adjustments, the overall endeavors in both theoretical and practical fields are not successful enough. Moreover, there are not convenient investigations to determine the current condition of this field in Iran. In this paper we have tried to survey the condition of urban design’s knowledge in the main texts in Iran in both translated and compiled texts to discover the current and future challenges of this knowledge. In fact, we have surveyed all published books until winter of 1388. We have used two definitely substantial references to explain the aim of article, firstly, the article of Anne Vernez Moudon “A Catholic Approach to Organizing What Urban Designers Should Know”, we use the categories about the main domains of urban design which she introduces in her article and secondly, the book of Alexander R. Cuthbert “The Form of City”, that he introduces 40 significant texts of urban design. Texts in Iran were compared with these 40 books in different ways. The hypothesis of this research is that the knowledge of urban design has some deficiencies in both content and structure so to evaluate this hypothesis, at first we should introduce published texts and domains of urban design in Iran and then analyze the contents of them. It determines the amount of attention to these domains and the entrance trend of them into Iran and the proportion of translated books to compiled ones to find out the current criteria of urban design texts. We have used tables and some statistical ways to assess this issue. Thus, in the first table, we conclude that 65% of the most significant books of urban design which Cuthbert listed are not translated in Iran yet. Furthermore, most of books in Iran are translated, in other words, the proportion of translated books to compiled ones is 39 to 25. As far as compiled books are concerned in the second table it should be noted that most of these books take into account vernacular urban design by 75%. Finally, in the third table, we conclude that place studies have the maximum numbers of published books among other theoretical domains and picturesque studies have placed second in this ranking. Consequently, after evaluation of these tables and other deductions, we express the further challenges of urban design’s knowledge such as globalization and the question of how to deal with the gap between what we might call the ‘tradition of fixity’ and the ‘prognosis of transience’ and other challenges. In fact, we deduce that this knowledge could not reach to a purpose-built productive flux. Eventually, we propose workable solutions to improve this untenable situation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        26 - Zone of Transition in Seljuq Dome Chambers of Iran
        Fereshteh Pashaei Kamali Sevgi Yilmaz amin moradi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        27 - The association of dietary inflammatory index and obesity phenotypes in women
        Negin Haji-Hosseini-Gazestani Seyyed Ali Keshavarz Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani Asal Ataie-Jafari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        28 - The effect of satisfaction, quality of service and innovation on brand love among the customers of domestic and foreign elected brands
        pegah omrani seyed salahedin naghshbandi
        10.30495/jism.2023.21961
        The purpose of this research is the effect of satisfaction, service quality and innovation on brand love among customers of selected domestic and foreign brands. The statistical population of this study was all customers of domestic and foreign selected brands. 385 peop More
        The purpose of this research is the effect of satisfaction, service quality and innovation on brand love among customers of selected domestic and foreign brands. The statistical population of this study was all customers of domestic and foreign selected brands. 385 people were selected as the sample using Cochran formula. The data collection tool was four questionnaires. First, the standard questionnaire of satisfaction (a = 0.84), second quality of service questionnaire (a = 0.79), third of innovation questionnaire (a = 0.81) and fourth brand love questionnaire (a = 0.86) The faculty and content validity of the questionnaires was approved by 15 sports management professors. The findings indicated that the indicators for assessing the generality of the structural equation model with respect to the optimal range of these indicators in total indicated that the supposed model is supported by the research data, that is, the fitting of the data to the model is established. And all indicators indicate the desirability of the structural equation model. The results showed that innovation is one of the important factors affecting customer satisfaction. Considering that today's competitive market, if sports brands can innovate more in their products, will take a large share of the market. And this brings brand equity to the customers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        29 - dominating subset and representation graph on topological spaces
        Hasan Barzegar
        Let a topological space. An intersection graph on a topological space , which denoted by ‎ , is an undirected graph which whose vertices are open subsets of and two vertices are adjacent if the intersection of them are nonempty. In this paper, the relation between t More
        Let a topological space. An intersection graph on a topological space , which denoted by ‎ , is an undirected graph which whose vertices are open subsets of and two vertices are adjacent if the intersection of them are nonempty. In this paper, the relation between topological properties of and graph properties of ‎ are investigated. Also some classifications and representations for the graph ‎ are introduced and at last some results about dominating sets on ‎ are explained. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        30 - Some results on the energy of the minimum dominating distance signless Laplacian matrix assigned to graphs
        Abdollah Alhevaz Maryam Baghipur Ebrahim Hashemi
        Let G be a simple connected graph. The transmission of any vertex v of a graph G is defined as the sum of distances of a vertex v from all other vertices in a graph G. Then the distance signless Laplacian matrix of G is defined as D^{Q}(G)=D(G)+Tr(G), where D(G) denotes More
        Let G be a simple connected graph. The transmission of any vertex v of a graph G is defined as the sum of distances of a vertex v from all other vertices in a graph G. Then the distance signless Laplacian matrix of G is defined as D^{Q}(G)=D(G)+Tr(G), where D(G) denotes the distance matrix of graphs and Tr(G) is the diagonal matrix of vertex transmissions of G. For a given minimum dominating set of a graph G, our aim in this paper is to define and study the so called minimum dominating distance signless Laplacian matrix, denoted by MDD^{Q}(G). We study some properties of the matrix MDD^{Q}(G). We also define the minimum dominating distance signless Laplacian energy of a graph G, denoted by EDD^{Q}(G), as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of MDD^{Q}(G), and give some upper and lower bounds for the energy and spectral radius of MDD^{Q}(G). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        31 - On the Maximum Number of Dominating Classes in Graph Coloring
        M. Faghani
        In this paper we investigate the dominating- -color number، of a graph G. That is the maximum number of color classes that are also dominating when G is colored using colors. We show that where is the join of G and H. This result allows us to construct classes of graphs More
        In this paper we investigate the dominating- -color number، of a graph G. That is the maximum number of color classes that are also dominating when G is colored using colors. We show that where is the join of G and H. This result allows us to construct classes of graphs such that and thus provide some information regarding two questions raised in [1] and [2]. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        32 - Solving random inverse heat conduction problems using PSO and genetic algorithms
        I. Hossein Zade Shahbolaghi R. Pourgholi H. Dana Mazraeh S.H. Tabasi
        The main purpose of this paper is to solve an inverse random differential equation problem using evolutionary algorithms. Particle Swarm Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm are two algorithms that are used in this paper. In this paper, we solve the inverse problem by solvin More
        The main purpose of this paper is to solve an inverse random differential equation problem using evolutionary algorithms. Particle Swarm Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm are two algorithms that are used in this paper. In this paper, we solve the inverse problem by solving the inverse random differential equation using Crank-Nicholson's method. Then, using the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the genetic algorithm, we solve them. The algorithms presented in this article have advantages over other old methods that have been presented so far. Implementing these algorithms is simpler, have less run time and produce better approximation. The numerical results obtained in this paper also show that the solutions obtained for the examples presented in the numerical results section are highly accurate and have less error. All of the algorithms in this paper to obtain the desired numeric results, have been implemented on the Pentium (R) Dual core E5700 processor at 3.00 GHz. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        33 - The existence of Zak transform in locally compact hypergroups
        Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaie Soheila Jokar
        Let K be a locally compact hypergroup. In this paper we initiate the concept of fundamental domain in locally compact hypergroups and then we introduce the Borel section mapping. In fact, a fundamental domain is a subset of a hypergroup K including a unique element from More
        Let K be a locally compact hypergroup. In this paper we initiate the concept of fundamental domain in locally compact hypergroups and then we introduce the Borel section mapping. In fact, a fundamental domain is a subset of a hypergroup K including a unique element from each cosets, and the Borel section mapping is a function which corresponds to any coset, the related unique element in the fundamental domain. Finally, as an application we show that if K is a locally compact hypergroup and H is one of its commutative subhypergroup, then there exists an isometric transform Z from L^2 (K) to L^2 (H ̂,L^2 (H\K)). For this, we apply the dual of hypergroups and specially we use the Plancherel Theorem. This transform is a version of the Zak transform on locally compact hypergroups which can be considered as an extension of the usual notion of Zak transform in the case of locally compact groups. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        34 - Numerical solution and simulation of random differential equations with Wiener and compound Poisson Processes
        A. Momeni M. Kamrani
        Ordinary differential equations(ODEs) with stochastic processes in their vector field, have lots of applications in science and engineering. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the numerical methods for ODEs with Wiener and Compound Poisson processes in m More
        Ordinary differential equations(ODEs) with stochastic processes in their vector field, have lots of applications in science and engineering. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the numerical methods for ODEs with Wiener and Compound Poisson processes in more than one dimension. Ordinary differential equations with Ito diffusion which is a solution of an Ito stochastic differential equation will be considered. Because for the numerical solution of these equations we need the simulation of stochastic double integrals, we explain the simulation of these integrals in more details. Also one-step and multi steps methods for the solution of affine random ordinary equations (RODEs) which are an important class of RODEs will be considered. The numerical solution of these equations with Wiener and Compound Poisson processes will be established. Two methods for simulation of the double integrals will be explained, and some numerical examples are provided to confirm the theoretical results numerically. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        35 - A Algorithm Pseudo Code for Approximating of Maximal Independent Set in the Unit Disc Graph
        Gholam Hassan Shirdel Mojtaba Ghanbari Mehdi Jalinousi
        The unit disk graph is used to model a wireless sensor network when all sensors have the same communication radius. Hence, the following two optimization problems have been investigated by the researchers: maximal independent set in the network and minimal network domin More
        The unit disk graph is used to model a wireless sensor network when all sensors have the same communication radius. Hence, the following two optimization problems have been investigated by the researchers: maximal independent set in the network and minimal network dominating set. Since these problems are Np-hard, several algorithms have been presented for their approximation. In this paper, we have presented a honeycomb graph and algorithmic matrix methods for approximating the maximal independent set in the network. Finally, we have confirmed the validity of the algorithm and its complexity and studied it with a numerical example.Keywords: Wireless network, Independent set, Dominating set, Algorithm, Honeycomb network E. Leeuwen, Approximation Algorithms for Unit Disk Graphs, technical report, institute of information and computing sciences, utrecht university, (2004), UU-CS-2004-066. N. Bourgeois, F. Della Croce, B. Escoffier. V.Th. Paschos, Fast algorithms for min inde‌pendent dominating set, Discrete Applied Mathematics 161, (2013), pp. 558-572. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        36 - Co-Roman domination in trees
        Rana Khoeilar Marzieh sorudi
        Abstract: Let G=(V,E) be a graph and let f:V(G)→{0,1,2} be a function‎. ‎A vertex v is protected with respect to f‎, ‎if f(v)>0 or f(v)=0 and v is adjacent to a vertex of positive weight‎. ‎The function f is a co-Roman dominating function More
        Abstract: Let G=(V,E) be a graph and let f:V(G)→{0,1,2} be a function‎. ‎A vertex v is protected with respect to f‎, ‎if f(v)>0 or f(v)=0 and v is adjacent to a vertex of positive weight‎. ‎The function f is a co-Roman dominating function‎, ‎abbreviated CRDF if‎: ‎(i) every vertex in V is protected‎, ‎and (ii) each u∈V with positive weight has a neighbor v∈V with f(v)=0 such that the function f_uv:V→{0,1,2}‎, ‎defined by f_uv (v)=1‎, ‎f_uv (u)=f(u)-1 and f_uv (x)=f(x)for x∈V-\{v,u}‎, ‎has no unprotected vertex‎. ‎The weight of f is ω(f)=∑_(v∈V)▒〖f(v)〗‎. ‎The co-Roman domination number of a graph G ‎, ‎denoted by γ_cr G)‎, ‎is the minimum weight of a co-Roman dominating function on G ‎. ‎In this paper, we first present an upper bound on the co-Roman domination number of trees in terms of order, the number of leaves and supports‎. Then we find bounds on the co-Roman domination number of a graph and its other dominating parameters . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        37 - THE ROPER-SUFFRIDGE EXTENSION OPERATORS ON THE CLASS OF STRONG AND ALMOST SPIRALLIKE MAPPINGS OF TYPE $beta$ AND ORDER $alpha$
        Samira Rahrovi H. piri
        Let$mathbb{C}^n$ be the space of $n$ complex variables. Let$Omega_{n,p_2,ldots,p_n}$ be a complete Reinhardt on$mathbb{C}^n$. The Minkowski functional on complete Reinhardt$Omega_{n,p_2,ldots,p_n}$ is denoted by $rho(z)$. The concept ofspirallike mapping of type $beta$ More
        Let$mathbb{C}^n$ be the space of $n$ complex variables. Let$Omega_{n,p_2,ldots,p_n}$ be a complete Reinhardt on$mathbb{C}^n$. The Minkowski functional on complete Reinhardt$Omega_{n,p_2,ldots,p_n}$ is denoted by $rho(z)$. The concept ofspirallike mapping of type $beta$ and order $alpha$ is defined.So, the concept of the strong and almost spirallike mappings of type$beta$ and order $alpha$ is discussed in this paper. From theSchwarz-Pick lemma, under certain conditions, we obtain that thegeneralized Roper-Suffridge operators preserve strong and almostspirallikeness of type $beta$ and order $alpha$ on bounded andcomplete Reinhardt domains $Omega_{n,p_1,cdots,p_n}$. For specificvalues for $alpha$ and $beta$, we obtain the correspondingdefinitions of strong spirallike mappings of type $beta$, strongand almost starlike mappings of order $alpha$, strong starlikemappings. Therefore we obtain the generalized Roper-Suffridgeoperators preserve strong spirallikeness of type $beta$, strong andalmost starlikeness of order $alpha$, strong starlikeness on thecorresponding domains. In particular, our results reduce to manywell-known results. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        38 - Incidence dominating numbers of graphs
        Parisa Azizi Keshavarz Abolfazl . Tehranian
        In this paper, the concept of incidence domination number of graphs is introduced and the incidence dominating set and the incidence domination number of some particular graphs such as paths, cycles, wheels, complete graphs and stars are studied.
        In this paper, the concept of incidence domination number of graphs is introduced and the incidence dominating set and the incidence domination number of some particular graphs such as paths, cycles, wheels, complete graphs and stars are studied. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        39 - Results on the maximal Roman domination number in graphs
        Maryam Kamalipashakolaee Hossein Abdollahzadeh Ahangar Mehran Motiee Seyed Mahmoud Sheikholeslami
        A Roman dominating function on a graph G is a labeling f:V(G)→{0,1,2} such that every vertex with label 0 has a neighbor with label 2. A Roman dominating function on a graph G is a labeling f:V(G)→{0,1,2} such that every vertex with label 0 has a neighbor with More
        A Roman dominating function on a graph G is a labeling f:V(G)→{0,1,2} such that every vertex with label 0 has a neighbor with label 2. A Roman dominating function on a graph G is a labeling f:V(G)→{0,1,2} such that every vertex with label 0 has a neighbor with label 2. A maximal Roman dominating function on a graph G is a Roman dominating function f such that V_0={w ∈V(G)│f(w)=0} is not a dominating set of G. The weight of maximal Roman dominating function is the value w(f)=f(V(G))=∑_(x∈V(G))▒〖f(x).〗 The maximal Roman dominating number γ_mR (G) of a graph G equals the minimum weight of a maximal Roman dominating function on G. In this paper, we continue the study of maximal Roman domination number. First, we characterize all graphs G of order n with g(G)≥6 for which γ_mR (G) =n-2, and then, we consider this property for some graphs with girth at most 5. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        40 - New bounds on weak odd dominating set in trees
        Hadi Rahbani Sayed N .Doustimotlagh Nader Jafari Rad
        A weak odd dominating set in a graph is a subset B of vertices for which there exists a distinct set of vertices C such that every vertex in B has an odd number of neighbors in C. κ(G) denotes the size of the largest weak odd dominating set and κ'(G) the siz More
        A weak odd dominating set in a graph is a subset B of vertices for which there exists a distinct set of vertices C such that every vertex in B has an odd number of neighbors in C. κ(G) denotes the size of the largest weak odd dominating set and κ'(G) the size of the smallest non weak odd dominating set. One of main motivation for studying the weak odd dominating set is their role in the design of graph-based quantum secret sharing protocols. Graph G of order n corresponds to a secret sharing protocol whose threshold is κ_Q (G)=max(κ(G),n- κ'(G)). In this paper we prove a lower bound for the largest weak odd dominating set in trees proving a conjecture for trees. Also, we present an upper bound for the largest weak odd dominating set in trees in terms of the order and the number of leaves and we improve some previous bounds. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        41 - Solving of stochastic Voltaire integral equations by fuzzy artificial neural network method
        Hadi Abtahi Hamid Reza Rahimi Maryam mosleh
        Voltaire integral equations as the output of problems in basic sciences and engineering have a special application in advancing the solution of complex problems. One of the most widely used types, which consists of a random process under external motion, is the equation More
        Voltaire integral equations as the output of problems in basic sciences and engineering have a special application in advancing the solution of complex problems. One of the most widely used types, which consists of a random process under external motion, is the equations of random Volta integral. Solving this type of equation has always been a challenge for researchers. On the other hand, with the development of artificial intelligence and the presentation of fuzzy artificial neural network method as a model inspired by the process of thinking and analysis in the human brain, advanced models of algorithms have been designed. Some of these learning algorithms have been used in fuzzy artificial neural networks to solve equations. In this paper, using this method and designing a learning algorithm, the random equations of random Voltaire type is investigated. The method presented in this article, in addition to being more accurate than the previous methods, posseses more speed for solving problem. This topic provides an acceptable level of confidence for researchers when dealing with such issues. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        42 - مقایسه بین تسلط مغزی و عملکرد ریاضی دانش آموزان پایه هشتم و نهم دوره متوسطه
        شیرین باقری طولابی فرهاد حسین زاده لطفی علی ایرانمنش مهدی آژینی احمد شاهورانی سمنانی
        10.30495/jnrm.2022.64415.2185
        The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between Ned Herrmann brain quadrants and students’ mathematical performance. The sample size included 200 eighth and ninth grade female students, based on Morgan’s table. Data colle More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between Ned Herrmann brain quadrants and students’ mathematical performance. The sample size included 200 eighth and ninth grade female students, based on Morgan’s table. Data collection tools included the brain dominance assessment questionnaire and the mathematical performance test. In order to analyze the hypotheses testing, structural equation modeling with Amos software was used. The findings showed that there is a positive and direct relationship between Ned Herrmann brain quadrants and mathematical performance of eighth and ninth grade students. As a result, brain quadrants can affect students' mathematical performance. Moreover, it was found that the relationship between brain dominance and mathematical performance was stronger in the ninth grade high school students than eighth grade high school students. this was abstract of article with Comparison between brain proficiency and math performance of eighth and ninth grade high school students title. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        43 - Modified ε-constraint method for bi-objective optimization: Reduce computational complexity and increase efficiency
        Armin Ghane Kanafi
        One of the effective method for solving the multi-objective optimization problems is the ε-constraint method which, unlike the weighted sum method is able to find non-dominated points in non-convex parts of the non-dominated frontier. The main disadvantages of t More
        One of the effective method for solving the multi-objective optimization problems is the ε-constraint method which, unlike the weighted sum method is able to find non-dominated points in non-convex parts of the non-dominated frontier. The main disadvantages of this method are finding similar non-dominated points for choosing different parameters and thus increasing the computational complexity of the algorithm and reducing its overall performance, which is not cost-effective in terms of time and cost. In this paper, a modified is made to ε-constraint method, which, due to the intelligence of the algorithm, the unnecessary areas that lead to the production of the same non-dominated points are eliminated from the beginning. Therefore, additional computational efforts are eliminated to produce the same non-dominated points. Discussions and details of the proposed method, with its algorithm, are presented and in the numerical examples section, the efficiency of the proposed method is compared with the ε-constraint method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        44 - Improvment Upper Bound of the Independence Nnmber of Maximum Independent Set in Unit Disk Graph
        Gholam Hassan Shirdel mehdi jalinousi
        10.30495/jnrm.2022.58031.2028
        In a unit disk graph two vertices are adjacent if the distance between them is less than or equal to one with a two-dimensional Euclidean meter. The size of the maximal independent set in a graph G is called the independent number denoted by α(G). The size of the More
        In a unit disk graph two vertices are adjacent if the distance between them is less than or equal to one with a two-dimensional Euclidean meter. The size of the maximal independent set in a graph G is called the independent number denoted by α(G). The size of the minimal connected dominating set in a graph G is called the connected domination number denoted by γ_c^((G)). A subset S of vertices in a graph is called a dominating set if every vertex is either in the subset or adjacent to a vertex in the S. A dominating set is connected if it induces a connected subgraph. A connected dominating set is often used as a virtual backbone in wireless sensor networks to improve communication and storage performance. Clearly the smaller virtual backbone gives the better performance.However computing a minimal connected dominating set is NP-hard. In other hand relation between the size of the minimal connected dominating set in a graph G is very important. The aim of this paper is to determine two better upper bounds of the independence number dependent on the connected domination number for a unit disk graph. Further we improve the upper bound to obtain the best bound with respect to the upper bounds obtained thus far. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        45 - Some Results on Total Outer-Paired Dominating Sets in Graphs
        Akram Mahmoodi Alireza Najafizadeh
        10.30495/jnrm.2022.53688.1913
        Let G=(V, E) be a simple graph with vertex set V and edge set E. An outer-paired dominating set D of a graph G is a dominating set such that the subgraph induced by V\D has a perfect matching. The outer-paired domination number of G denoted by is the minimum cardinality More
        Let G=(V, E) be a simple graph with vertex set V and edge set E. An outer-paired dominating set D of a graph G is a dominating set such that the subgraph induced by V\D has a perfect matching. The outer-paired domination number of G denoted by is the minimum cardinality of an outer-paired dominating set of G. Moreover, a total outer-paired dominating set D of a graph G is a total dominating set such that the subgraph induced by V\D has a perfect matching. The total outer-paired domination number of G denoted by is the minimum cardinality of a total outer-paired dominating set of G. In this paper, besides introducing such a notion for a graph, we study some fundamental properties of this invariant. Furthermore, we present some bounds in terms of the order, the size, the girth of a graph and etc. Finally, the well-known Nordhaus-Gaddum inequality is obtained for regular graphs. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        46 - A Characterization of Trees with Large Roman Domination Number
        حسین . Abdollahzadeh Ahangar مهلا . Khaibari N. Jafari Rad
        A Roman dominating function (RDF) on a graph G = 􀵫V،E􀵯 is a function f: V(G) → {0،1،2}satisfying the condition that every vertex u for which f(u) = 0 is adjacent to at least onevertex v for which f(v) = 2. The weight of an RDF f is w(f) = Σ􀭴∈􀭚 f(v). More
        A Roman dominating function (RDF) on a graph G = 􀵫V،E􀵯 is a function f: V(G) → {0،1،2}satisfying the condition that every vertex u for which f(u) = 0 is adjacent to at least onevertex v for which f(v) = 2. The weight of an RDF f is w(f) = Σ􀭴∈􀭚 f(v). The Romandomination number of G is the minimum weight of an RDF in G. In this paper, wecharacterize all trees T of order n whose Roman domination number is n − 3. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        47 - Some Results on the Maximal 2-Rainbow Domination Number in Graphs
        H. Abdollahzadeh Ahangar Z. Ghandali
        A 2-rainbow dominating function ( ) of a graph is a function from the vertex set to the set of all subsets of the set such that for any vertex with the condition is fulfilled, where is the open neighborhood of . A maximal 2-rainbow dominating function on a graph is a 2- More
        A 2-rainbow dominating function ( ) of a graph is a function from the vertex set to the set of all subsets of the set such that for any vertex with the condition is fulfilled, where is the open neighborhood of . A maximal 2-rainbow dominating function on a graph is a 2-rainbow dominating function such that the set is not a dominating set of . The weight of a maximal is the value . The maximal 2-rainbow domination number of a graph , denoted by , is the the minimum weight of a maximal of . In this paper, we continue the study of maximal 2-rainbow domination number. We characterize all graphs of order whose maximal 2-rainbow domination number is equal to 2 or 3. Finally, we characterize all graphs of order with for which . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        48 - Probability-possibility DEA model with Fuzzy random data in presence of skew-Normal distribution
        B. Mehrasa M. H. Behzadi
        Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical method to evaluate the performance of decision-making units (DMU). In the performance evaluation of an organization based on the classical theory of DEA, input and output data are assumed to be deterministic, while in th More
        Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical method to evaluate the performance of decision-making units (DMU). In the performance evaluation of an organization based on the classical theory of DEA, input and output data are assumed to be deterministic, while in the real world, the observed values of the inputs and outputs data are mainly fuzzy and random. A normal distribution is a continuous distribution which is extremely important in statistics because of its behavior.It is assumed in most cases that fuzzy random data are normally distributed, while such an assumption may not hold in practice. Therefore, using the normal distribution leads to erroneous conclusions. In the present study, we investigated DEA fuzzy random model under condition of probability -possibility, in the presence of a skew-normal distribution.In other words, this method embraced the previous methods in a specific state. Finally, a set of numerical example is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of procedure and algorithm. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        49 - A new approach based on alpha cuts for solving data envelopment analysis model with fuzzy stochastic inputs and outputs
        S. H. Nasseri O. gholami M. Fallah Jelodard
        Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a widely used technique for measuring the relative efficiencies of homogenous Decision Making Units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. These factors may be evaluated in fuzzy or stochastic environment. Hence, the classic More
        Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a widely used technique for measuring the relative efficiencies of homogenous Decision Making Units (DMUs) with multiple inputs and multiple outputs. These factors may be evaluated in fuzzy or stochastic environment. Hence, the classic structures of DEA model may be changed where in two fold fuzzy stochastic environment. For instances, linearity, feasibility and normal domain of efficiency scores (input orientation) between zero and one are some of these properties. In this paper, a new approach based on alpha cuts is proposed for evaluating decision making units with fuzzy stochastics inputs and outputs. The proposed approach modifies these weaknesses to solve DEA models with fuzzy stochastic parameters. A numerical example is given to illustrate the features and the applicability of the proposed model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        50 - Some properties and domination number of the complement of a new graph associated to a commutative ring
        J. amjadi
        In this paper some properties of the complement of a new graph associated with a commutative ring are investigated ....
        In this paper some properties of the complement of a new graph associated with a commutative ring are investigated .... Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        51 - Edge 2-rainbow domination number and annihilation number in trees
        N. Dehgardi
        A edge 2-rainbow dominating function (E2RDF) of a graph G is a ‎function f from the edge set E(G) to the set of all subsets‎ ‎of the set {1,2} such that for any edge.......................
        A edge 2-rainbow dominating function (E2RDF) of a graph G is a ‎function f from the edge set E(G) to the set of all subsets‎ ‎of the set {1,2} such that for any edge....................... Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        52 - Internet Access as Independent Human Right: The Approach of the International Law System and the Iranian Legal System
        Khadije akrami Hoda Ghaffari Vali Allah Rostami Mehdi Rezaei
        10.30495/jlap.2022.19305
        In 2016, the United Nation’s General Assembly adopted a non-binding resolution regarding ‘The Promotion, Protection and Enjoyment of Human Rights on the Internet’. At the heart of this resolution is the UN’s concern that ‘rights that people More
        In 2016, the United Nation’s General Assembly adopted a non-binding resolution regarding ‘The Promotion, Protection and Enjoyment of Human Rights on the Internet’. At the heart of this resolution is the UN’s concern that ‘rights that people have offline must also be protected online.’ While the UN thus recognises the importance of the Internet, it does so problematically selectively by focusing on protecting existing offline rights online. I argue instead that Internet access is itself a moral human right that requires that everyone has unmonitored and uncensored access to this global medium, which should be publicly provided free of charge for those unable to afford it. Rather than being a mere luxury, Internet access should be considered a universal entitlement because it is necessary for people to be able to lead minimally decent lives. Accepting this claim transforms our conception of the Internet from a technology to that of a basic right. It should be acknowledged, however, that in the system of international law and domestic law of Iran there is no independent human right or citizenship entitled the right to access the Internet. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        53 - Jurisprudential-Legal Review of Decision Making Difference Between Apartment Owners and Partners in Joint Ownership
        Seyed Hasan  Hoseini Moghadam Vajihe Rastegari
        10.30495/jlap.2022.57173.1532
        Joint ownership means the ownership of multiple persons in one property. According to Article 576 of the Civil Code, the administration of communal property is initially subject to the terms of the agreement between the partners, otherwise the majority opinion cannot be More
        Joint ownership means the ownership of multiple persons in one property. According to Article 576 of the Civil Code, the administration of communal property is initially subject to the terms of the agreement between the partners, otherwise the majority opinion cannot be imposed on the minority. But does the management of the common parts of the apartment, like the common property, require the intervention of all the owners, and in this respect, is there a difference between the possession of the common property and the common parts of the apartment? The law of ownership of apartments does not require the permission of all partners and the decision of the owners of more than half of the relative area of the private parts is mandatory for other occupants of the apartment. Or the permission of each of the common partners is not possible; Moreover, in apartments, due to its special condition and the growing growth of apartment construction, any decision to materially occupy and consequently conclude a contract in order to take the necessary measures for the optimal use and maintenance of the building, in common areas subject to the general rules of common property management in Article 582 BC. It is not and there is no need for the permission of all partners. In practice, the management of apartments is based on principles that come from the management of commercial companies, especially joint stock companies due to its special conditions. This privilege should be applied in the management of other common property that has multiple partners and a majority is expected and necessary changes in law. To occur. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        54 - Happiness within Iranian culture and its political consequences
        Aliakbar Amini
        In ancient Iran culture, happiness was emphasized. The Iranians had found some solutions for removing sadness from their life. For instance, they had established various ceremonies where the young, and, the old, the learned and the unlearned had participated. They might More
        In ancient Iran culture, happiness was emphasized. The Iranians had found some solutions for removing sadness from their life. For instance, they had established various ceremonies where the young, and, the old, the learned and the unlearned had participated. They might have come through this secret that laughing is a drug for all pains. Although, Islamic Gnosticism has kept some thoughts and customs like the way of living a happy life alive, but sadness has been gradually increased. Krishna Murty, the contemporary Gnostic, says: making people happy is an art which governments should try to achieve. In this article the solutions offers for living a happy life or at least for adapting a balanced state between happiness and sadness are considered. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        55 - Domestic and foreign policies from the perspective of Turkey's AKP
        Hamid Ahmadi Fatemeh Hatamabadi Farahani
        This article examines the impact of the Islamist justice and development party in turkey's domestic and foreign policy and promote the dignity of the party's strategic turkey in the Middle East, to promote turkey's position as a member of NATO and the EU closer to the g More
        This article examines the impact of the Islamist justice and development party in turkey's domestic and foreign policy and promote the dignity of the party's strategic turkey in the Middle East, to promote turkey's position as a member of NATO and the EU closer to the gates of Europe, the deals. Changes in turkey since 2002 and the Islamist justice and development party to power started and won by the party will continue as president. However, interpret the "Second Republic" to describe the modified Turkish Islamist AKP party is properly interpreted. Turkey under the AKP rule witnessed a serious change in the regional policy of this country. The Turkish government, before the justice and development party eyes were pinned to the north to be leniency of the Europe union countries to be turkey and the economic benefits of joining the Europe union will benefit. Justice and development party, especially the second half of the nineties changed their strategy and his eyes towards the south and surrounding areas and the strategic environment and tailor their civilization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        56 - Public Order and its Role in the Form of Arbitration
        Prof.Morteza Shahbazinia Saeed Baazgir
        Arbitration as an alternative mechanism for the judicial system of high rates of speed, leaving the formalities, expertise, efficiency and cost is less than other solutions. However, this mechanism can be monitored in the absence of a known threat to public order. Publi More
        Arbitration as an alternative mechanism for the judicial system of high rates of speed, leaving the formalities, expertise, efficiency and cost is less than other solutions. However, this mechanism can be monitored in the absence of a known threat to public order. Public order as jus cogens principles of non-codified legal system and other support such as the morality of values that every person is superior will and decision. This will be a contract or framework agreement could be an arbitration award. In any case, as in the private sphere taken a decision contrary to public order, that decision is deemed to be invalid. In the form of arbitration mechanisms, processes and threads form of jury selection, trial, judgment, evidence in arbitration and enforcement of arbitral award are emerging, each of these processes can be studied from the perspective of public order because of the way the violations public order form, will cause invalidation of privatization would be created.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        57 - Elaboration of Countractual Factors of Disputs Arising out of Domain Name
        Parviz Savrai Fatemeh Pourmasjedian
        The different names of internet’s domain are easy obtainable shapes of internet ddresses and usually will be used to find the web sites. The Domain Name System (DNS) is an international address system and is a unique guidance to locate addresses in the virtual wor More
        The different names of internet’s domain are easy obtainable shapes of internet ddresses and usually will be used to find the web sites. The Domain Name System (DNS) is an international address system and is a unique guidance to locate addresses in the virtual world. In today’s world, which tendency is to eliminate or limit traditional communication methods, responding to legal issues related to domain names, for example disputes related to registration or usage with bad faith of domain names similar or equal to other’s trademarks, is inevitable.  The main question is, what are the limits of relevant legal laws, in our existed rules and regulations for domain registration contract or transfer of it? In this regarded s of course the regulations of transnational, and following intern network, and finally the legal centre of domain name should be considered. On the top of the issues of related applicable rules, if there are needs to govern new rules then, what are the structure of those rules could be? This thesis is trying to focus on domain name subjects and answer to related questions which are due to lake of relevant laws and procedural rules are faced with ambiguities the results of this research about legal nature of the domain name approved that the domain name actually is on of the types of intellectual properties considering the following notes: - The function of domain name is purely used in cyberspace. - The main goal of users in first step is to have access to their desired information networks in order to receive political social, cultural, economical, commercial, and trade information for their different purposes. - The judgement from judicial authority could be enforced for registration of domain name or cancellation and transfer of it, subject to not exported out conflict judgment from international arbitration centres. - The owner of domain name, subject to observe rules and regulation, should be supported by laws.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        58 - Investigation and Test Algorithm of Stochastic Dominance for Evaluation of Optimum Portfolio Efficiency.
        Parham Pedram
        Concepts similar to stochastic dominance have been known for manyyears but the two papers published by Hadar and Russell, and Hanochand Levy in 1969, and the paper published by Rochschild and Stiglitz in1970 paved the way for a new paradigm called stochastic dominance,w More
        Concepts similar to stochastic dominance have been known for manyyears but the two papers published by Hadar and Russell, and Hanochand Levy in 1969, and the paper published by Rochschild and Stiglitz in1970 paved the way for a new paradigm called stochastic dominance,with hundreds of studies following in their tracks. These studies, dealwith theoretical as well as empirical issues in various areas of economics,finance, accounting, statistics, agriculture, and medicine.The need to develop the stochastic dominance rules stems fromparadoxes that are sometimes revealed by the commonly used meanvariancerule. To be more specific, there are cases in which a clear-cutchoice between two risky assets exists, yet the mean-variance rule isunable to rank the two alternate investments. Let us assume we have twoalternative investments: x providing $1 or $2 with equal probability and yproviding $2 or $4 with equal probability. A simple calculation showsthat both the mean and the variance of y are greater than thecorresponding parameters of x; hence the mean-variance rule remainssilent regarding the choice between x and y. Yet, any rational investorwould (and should) select y, because the lowest return on y is equal to thelargest return on x. Well, this is a trivial case in which the mean-variancerule fails to show the superiority of one investment over another.However, there are many more such cases in which the mean-variancerule is unable to rank two investments Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        59 - Using multi-fractal method in ranking portfolio efficiency
        Mahnaz Doosti Morteza Rahmani
        10.30495/jfksa.2022.19837
        Investors around the world are always looking for safe investments in the capital markets of countries or the stocks of their companies. Therefore, finding a practical and scientific way to identify the best investment opportunity will have a very positive impact on the More
        Investors around the world are always looking for safe investments in the capital markets of countries or the stocks of their companies. Therefore, finding a practical and scientific way to identify the best investment opportunity will have a very positive impact on the choice of an investor. An efficient stock is a stock whose price information is reflected in the market and the use of past stock prices over a period of time to analyze future trends and fluctuations in stocks leads to correct and citationable results. In this study, assuming poor performance, a stock portfolio consisting of 11 shares accepted in the Iranian capital market has been examined. In the sense that through the stock price information from 95 to 99 years, the trend and intensity of fluctuations have been examined. Because the liquidity of stocks has increased and it will be safe to invest. The results of this research using multi-fractal method show more detailed details of the efficient stock ranking steps in a portfolio. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        60 - Comparison of antecedents and consequences of financial behavior of momentum and random investors (mixed approach)
        Fatemeh Jafari Reza Aghajan Nashtaei Mohammad Hassan Gholizadeh
        10.30495/jfksa.2023.22615
        The main goal of this research is to present the behavioral model of momentum and random investors in the Iranian stock market and to estimate the factors affecting it. In this way, the antecedents and consequences of the financial behavior of momentum and random invest More
        The main goal of this research is to present the behavioral model of momentum and random investors in the Iranian stock market and to estimate the factors affecting it. In this way, the antecedents and consequences of the financial behavior of momentum and random investors can be compared. Applied research has been done in a mixed method. Qualitative part of foundation data theory and quantitative part of structural equation technique. The data collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, theoretical sampling continued until the categories were saturated, and interviews conducted with 24 Momentum and Random investors. Then, based on the theoretical systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin in the three main steps of open coding, central coding and selective coding, the behavioral model of both types of investors presented in terms of components, antecedents and consequences. In the following, research hypotheses formulated and tested in the quantitative part of the hypotheses. The results indicate that among the causal conditions of momentum investors' behavior, individual factors, psychological factors of the market, investor's feelings during the transaction and news and information have a significant effect. In addition, among the causal conditions of random investors' behavior, demographic factors, mental and emotional states and conditions, shareholders' expectations and news and information have a significant impact. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        61 - Performance examination of trading strategy based on Stochastic Dominance
        Maryam Davallou Shayan Meskinimood
        The aim of this research is to examine the performance of a trading strategy based on stochastic dominance in Iran’s stock market. To achieve this purpose, we used a sample including the daily returns of the stocks listed on Tehran stock exchange, between 2001 and More
        The aim of this research is to examine the performance of a trading strategy based on stochastic dominance in Iran’s stock market. To achieve this purpose, we used a sample including the daily returns of the stocks listed on Tehran stock exchange, between 2001 and 2015, and exploited the portfolio study approach. In this way, for each month portfolios are constructed based on second and third degree stochastic dominance, by buying the dominance stocks and selling the dominated ones. Then the performance of this trading strategy is tested with the respect to the obtained alphas from an extended five-factor model. The results show that the arbitrage portfolios based on stochastic dominance produce positive, statistically significant, excess returns. In addition, these returns are robust even after being adjusted to risk premiums (Market, Size, Value, Liquidity and Momentum premiums). Consequently, the results support the fact that the stochastic dominance factor is engaged in pricing of the Tehran stock exchange. Moreover, it is crucial to notice that the potential price distortions related to infrequent trading have an enormous impact on the results of the study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        62 - Survey of relationship between economic freedom and budget deficits in non-free Countries
        محمد رضا شریف آزاده فرزاد هاشمی
        Since the limit of economics freedom determines the scope of the market and specifies the sphere of government intervention in the economy, for this reason , in this essay it has been attempted to test the hypothesis of the inverse relationship between the degree of eco More
        Since the limit of economics freedom determines the scope of the market and specifies the sphere of government intervention in the economy, for this reason , in this essay it has been attempted to test the hypothesis of the inverse relationship between the degree of economic freedom and budget deficit in the non-free countries .For this purpose , among the institutions which perform the ranking of the index of economic freedom in the different countries ,Heritage Foundation has been chosen due to its covering of both the cross-section and more time series data ,precision for the numerous and quality of sub-branches and credit estimation approach and being a productive organization of information. Based upon the statistics of  the ratio of budget deficit over gross domestic product (GDP) for free countries ,including ten countries which have had the lowest degree of economic freedom, in the period(1996-2006),using the World Bank statistical sources, calculation has been made by the panel or extensive data and econometric tests. The results coming from the coefficients of the model indicate a significant and inverse relationship between the degree of economic freedom and budget deficit for the non-free countries including Iran,Belarus,Bosnia-Herzegovina,Congo,Ethiopia,Mongolia,Ukraine,Tunisia,Kazakhstan and Bulgaria. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        63 - Relationship between economic security and tax revenues (Evidence from MENA countries)
        کریم رسولی اسداله فرزین‌وش
        Income redistribution and establishing social justice and maintaining it are the major economic objectives that most governments are looking for them. Taxation is a tool that can redistribute wealth in society and can reduce class differences. Meanwhile, an efficient ta More
        Income redistribution and establishing social justice and maintaining it are the major economic objectives that most governments are looking for them. Taxation is a tool that can redistribute wealth in society and can reduce class differences. Meanwhile, an efficient tax system could prevent the occurrence of economic corruption. Furthermore, economic security in a society with minimal risk and economic corruption can promote economic activities and lead to increase in tax revenues that help state to improve its services Economic security is a kind of public good or service that cannot be produced in the private sector in the market. This market failure leads to government intervention in providing economic security. Economic security and related issues can influence business atmosphere and national income and so can affect government tax revenues.  In this paper the empirical relationship between economic security and tax revenues in the selected countries of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) which have similar relative structures, have been investigated. For this purpose, the panel data models have been used to estimate mentioned relationship. According to the results, free trade as the first indicator of economic stability and security has significant and positive effect on tax revenues in MENA countries. Trade freedom, as a second variable has a significant and positive effect on tax revenues too. Financial Freedom as third indicator of economic stability and security as former variables has significant and positive effect on tax revenues. An important to be mentioned is that the property rights and tax revenues have negative relationship in the selected countries. Also, in selected countries economic growth doesn’t have a positive effect on tax revenues. Inflation rate does have positive and meaningful effects on tax revenues in MENA: Variables as exports and imports as control variables as a percentage of GDP have negative and inverse effect on tax revenues a percentages of GDP and capital formation as the third control variable has a positive and meaningful effect on tax revenues in MENA. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        64 - Examining the Condition of Alevis in Turkey in Light of the Freedom of Religion and Conscience and Religious Minority Rights in International Law
        Ismail Kurun
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        65 - Fluidity of the Concept of Mothering (A Sociological Study on Mothering in the Lived Experience of the Working Mothers and Fathers in Tehran)
        Payam Khadem Saba Mostafa Azkia Khadijeh Safiri Seifollah Seifollahi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        66 - Investigation of the Effect of Economic Factors on the Shadow Price of Road Accidents in Iran
        Soheila Kaghazian Maryam Lashkarizadeh Yazdan Naghdi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        67 - A Stealthy Freedom and Sociological Effects In Only Goodness: A Work by Jhumpa Lahiri
        Atefeh Lieaghat Fatemeh Aziz Mohammadi Mozhgan YarAhmaddi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        68 - Towards Unearthing Virtual English Language Teaching for Iranian House Wives: Domestic Violence and Quality of Life in Focus
        Sara Amiri Neda Fatehi Rad Valeh Jalali
        10.30495/IJSS.2023.74745.1404
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        69 - Total Factor Productivity of Manufacturing Sector in India: A Regional Analysis for the State of Haryana
        Shallu Sehgal Suparn Sharma
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        70 - The Factors Affecting Furniture Changing or Buying in today’s Lifestyle
        Yalda Ghasemi Niloofar Shadmehri
        10.30495/jomm.2023.66854.1933
        Introduction: The growth of the furniture industry and the importance of facilitating barriers of development and its optimization shows the need to innovation in order to gain regional markets. In this way, knowing the main factors in the formation of consumer desire t More
        Introduction: The growth of the furniture industry and the importance of facilitating barriers of development and its optimization shows the need to innovation in order to gain regional markets. In this way, knowing the main factors in the formation of consumer desire to replace or buy furniture can play a key role. Achieving these items is a guarantee for more product features to meet customer expectations and thus increase product efficiency which is manifested in the form of increasing the user's desire to use them. Method: In this applied research, we investigated the factors affecting the tendency to change or buying the furniture in today's lifestyle. The sample size was 402 persons who were randomly selected and were tested by questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was 0/819 and it showed high credibility. Results: The results of this study showed that although the factors such as functional quality, manufacturing and, production seem to be the most important factor in purchasing furniture and then the desire to replace it, the appearance and emotional characteristics of the product are more serious factors for user’s boredom. The ability to change (in appearance) and arranging are the factors that reduce diversity and allow consumerism to be controlled. Conclusion: Respondents seem to be consciously aware of the negative value of fashion influence on their choice. However, the factors that are important to them show the impact of fashion well. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        71 - Analysis of Factors Affecting Consumer Preferences for Foreign Versus Domestic Brands
        P. Ghafari Ashtiani P. Charsetad N. Loni
        In many developing countries, many individuals (especially young people) view foreign brands as a status symbol. This paper explores the various factors affecting consumer preferences for foreign brands. College students in Arak City were surveyed, and st More
        In many developing countries, many individuals (especially young people) view foreign brands as a status symbol. This paper explores the various factors affecting consumer preferences for foreign brands. College students in Arak City were surveyed, and structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The results show that a need for uniqueness has a direct effect on attitudes toward foreign brands. Moreover, emotional value and social value have a greater effect on purchase intention toward foreign brands. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        72 - Privacy in the Cyber Space and the Obligation to Comply with It, with an Emphasis on Jurisprudence and Legal Principles
        Ali Asghar Sharifi Seyed Hossein Safaei (corresponding author) Nejad Ali Almasi Parviz Savraei
        10.30495/jijl.2022.60163.1437
        Identifying the right to privacy of individuals as one of the most important human rights is of great importance, and Islam, as the most complete religion, has paid special attention to the necessity of respecting the privacy of individuals, according to its various rul More
        Identifying the right to privacy of individuals as one of the most important human rights is of great importance, and Islam, as the most complete religion, has paid special attention to the necessity of respecting the privacy of individuals, according to its various rulings and orders. Although in Islamic jurisprudence various aspects of privacy have not been dealt with under one title, but it can be claimed that the Islamic Shari'ah has considered aspects of this privacy that can still be discussed in the science of law. Today, with the advance of communication technologies and the expansion of the use of cyberspace, people's privacy is under threat. Therefore, the main question of the article is what are the principles and foundations in jurisprudence and law regarding the protection of people's privacy in cyberspace? In jurisprudence and the legal system of Iran, it has covered strong principles such as the need to respect human dignity, moral values, the rule of dominance, the rule of respect, and avoiding cruelty as common rules for protecting privacy in this field, in order to create the necessary space for growth and flourishing people's talents. In this regard, this research, by presenting the principles of privacy in Islamic jurisprudence and law, along with the territory and examples of privacy violations in cyber space, the strict attention of Sharia law to privacy protection is clarified. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        73 - Jurisprudential principles of securing the rights of the accused under pre-trial supervision
        mehrangiz karimi mehdi sheidaeian araee asghar arabian
        10.30495/jijl.2022.56419.1386
        Protecting individual rights and freedoms is one of the purposes of criminal procedure law. Among the acts that violate individual rights are the rights and freedoms of the accused at the monitored stage. The rights of the accused have been taken into consideration by t More
        Protecting individual rights and freedoms is one of the purposes of criminal procedure law. Among the acts that violate individual rights are the rights and freedoms of the accused at the monitored stage. The rights of the accused have been taken into consideration by the legislature to some extent, although they have not been fully addressed and full requirements have not been set for law enforcement and the judiciary, and in general some have been pointed out. The accused was under surveillance; The right of the accused to remain silent, the principle of innocence, the right to know the reasons for arrest, the interrogation of the accused by addressing issues such as the observance of the principle of security in the interrogation of the accused, human dignity, protection of civil rights and fair trial, as well as the right to a lawyer. The right to understand the accused and the right to inform the family were among the cases that were examined in this research from the perspective of jurisprudence and law. Violation of the rights of others, including defendants, is an unforgivable sin, and hard-working judicial officers and judicial colleagues are expected to spare no effort to observe it carefully. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        74 - Imprisonment and De-imprisonment in Islamic Jurisprudence and Iranian Law
        Meisam Imani (corresponding author) Naghmeh Farhoud Seyed Yazdollah Taheri Nasab
        10.30495/jijl.2022.69283.1581
        Freedom is one of the most important blessings and one of the most obvious natural and basic human rights, which has been considered among the most controversial issues throughout the centuries and ages. One of the types of freedom is the freedom of the body, according More
        Freedom is one of the most important blessings and one of the most obvious natural and basic human rights, which has been considered among the most controversial issues throughout the centuries and ages. One of the types of freedom is the freedom of the body, according to which a person can do whatever he wants. This type of freedom has been supported for a long time, and even today, international declarations related to human rights and the basic and ordinary laws of different countries support it in various ways. On the other hand, establishing public security and protecting people's privacy and rights in dealing with threats and possible aggression by abnormal persons and violating the rights of others has always been one of the main concerns of the guardians of the judicial justice system. In this regard, the application of prison sentences as a reaction to denying freedom against criminals and lawbreakers is a common method in most countries of the world. The idea that the application of this punishment will reform and socialize the criminal and prevent the repetition of the crime, and on the other hand, it brings intimidation and general deterrence and prevents potential criminals from repeating the crimes, is one of the most important justifications for the prison sentence. Although professors and legal scholars have dealt with the issue of the pathology of prison punishment in various articles, but since this issue is important and it should be considered, different aspects of the issue have not been examined. Therefore, it was felt necessary to deal more with this issue. The main objective of this study, while using the library research method, is to identify the judicial and executive gaps of this punishment and provide suggestions to compensate for the shortcomings and achieve the relevant goals. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        75 - Investigating the dominant domain (warning) in the law
        Parviz Akbari Asghar Arabian
        The irrational rule (alert) is derived from one of Ali's ('a) judgments, which is mentioned in a narration from Imam Sadiq (AS), "The Height of My Commander Aware," that is, the one who warns against the excusable guarantor. Accordingly, before giving a harmful act, the More
        The irrational rule (alert) is derived from one of Ali's ('a) judgments, which is mentioned in a narration from Imam Sadiq (AS), "The Height of My Commander Aware," that is, the one who warns against the excusable guarantor. Accordingly, before giving a harmful act, the warner and awareness required to escape the danger, the warner will be exempted from liability if he or she does not care about the arrival of the damage. This jurisprudential rule, which is in fact one of the guilty parties, is proven by rational and convincing reasons that many scholars have investigated. But the basic thrust of this paper is to what extent is the scope and scope of this rule? By reviewing the jurisprudential and legal writings and legal and analytical and descriptive methods and using library tools in order to reveal this scope, we will review the scope of the application of this rule in a variety of domestic and foreign domestic and international obligations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        76 - Principle Validity "Whoever is Owner of thing is also Owner of Confession of it" in Confession or Announced?
        Hasan Khodabakhshi Asghar Arabian
        Jurisprudential principle "whoever is owner of thing is also owner of confession of it" is a collected principle and famous among Shia and Sunni jurisprudents. Although the infallible Imams word specifying to this principle but not great jurisprudents like Shaykh Tusi, More
        Jurisprudential principle "whoever is owner of thing is also owner of confession of it" is a collected principle and famous among Shia and Sunni jurisprudents. Although the infallible Imams word specifying to this principle but not great jurisprudents like Shaykh Tusi, Ibn Idris, Ibn Barraj, mohaqeq, Allama, Fakhr Almohaqeqyn and shahid avval have appealed and based on that it has been fatwa. According to this rule, anyone who has power, domination and possession in the one thing, it also has the authority to admit towards it.     Therefore, confess Attorney to his client in matters that have allowed to do it,Confession Minor, in matters that are allowed to perform, as will the famous and charity andalso acknowledge the legitimate representatives to dominate as governing, guardian or legal guardian, will be acceptedandthe sentence this law, acknowledging them as genuine confession, will be validor that the content of this rule may give notice or announced or claim is not the the true meaning of confession. Some of the rule of rule "eqrar al oqala" that, in the case of general and specific considered and some By taking this ratio in the cases, them with each other accepted conceptually divergence. But some other, general and specific rules Relationship these two absolute expression and rule "eqrar" within in the rule of " whoever is owner " considered and some scholars like Imam Khomeini, both equally well knows rule.     Of this rule, different expressions from the jurisprudents of the most famous, «whoever is owner of thing is also owner of confession of it ». in the Iranian Civil Code, substances confession, based on rule "eqrar al oqala" has been set; but the some material based on this rule exists.     Anyway, documenting The most important validity of this rule,consensusandconsensus and Concept of rational people is andwhile with the rule of law " eqrar al oqala ", both case society and also case differentiate the two concepts together in the their heterogeny.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        77 - The Jurisprudential Study of the Publication of Oblique Newspapers
        Ehsan Ghobad
        Journalism as suitable context for reinforcement of freedom of speech has restrictions that are accepted by every legal systems including Shiite jurisprudence. One of these restrictions from Shiite point of view is the prohibition of spreading oblique writings in forms More
        Journalism as suitable context for reinforcement of freedom of speech has restrictions that are accepted by every legal systems including Shiite jurisprudence. One of these restrictions from Shiite point of view is the prohibition of spreading oblique writings in forms of impure and immoral writings and the prohibition of propagation in favor of the opponents of the Islamic state and also the prohibition of casting doubts on the fundamental principles and necessities of the Islamic religion. The inexistence of special texts proving the prohibition of spreading oblique issues and the use of generalities, also differences in the definitions of obliquity and methods of dealing with oblique writings, has set the stage for disagreements in religious decrees (Fatwas). In this article by critical and analytical method we come to this conclusion that aforementioned disagreements notwithstanding, the press has no right to publish oblique writings by excuses such as "uselessness of the publication ban", "stage-setting for the freedom of choice", "freedom of questioning and doubting", "free distribution of information", and "freedom of political activity". Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        78 - The Financial Entitlement of the Widow in a case of her Spouse՚s Death before Consummation
        Aman Alimoradi Mohamad Mohseni Dehkalani
        According to ImÁmiyya consensus, if a marriage portion set for the wifein a marriage contract and it leads to a separation due to the divorces ofthe spouses before penetration and intercourse, the ex-wife is entitled tohalf of the prescribed marriage portion. Sup More
        According to ImÁmiyya consensus, if a marriage portion set for the wifein a marriage contract and it leads to a separation due to the divorces ofthe spouses before penetration and intercourse, the ex-wife is entitled tohalf of the prescribed marriage portion. Supposing the separation isbecause of the death of the husband, what will happen to the marriageportion? Is the ex-wife entitled to the whole marriage portion determinedin the lifetime of the husband? Or as in the previous case (divorce prior topenetration) the ex-wife is merely entitled to half of the marriage portion?Majority of ImÁmiyya jurisprudents have adopted the first view holdingthat dividing the marriage portion in two halves prior to penetration is aview supported by specific proofs. Extending the same rule to thecircumstances of the death prior to penetration requires further proofs.Therefore, under such circumstances, the ex-wife is entitled to the wholemarriage portion. In contrast, detailed jurisprudential books haveattributed the second view to few jurisprudents including fayd kāshānī.Rereading the issue, authors of the present article have found the secondview supported by certain proofs seeing it more adaptable with the rulesof jurisprudential deduction (ijtihād) after making a comparison betweenthis view and the dominant one. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        79 - The Critical and Hermeneutic Methodology of Legal Cases
        Ramin Poursaeid Hossein Yasseri
        This research is attempting to highlight the interpretation of legalcases from hermeneutic perspectives and to comprehend theambiguous perceptions in legal texts and sources. Further, it takesinto consideration the roles of tradition, convention, the civil, legal,and cr More
        This research is attempting to highlight the interpretation of legalcases from hermeneutic perspectives and to comprehend theambiguous perceptions in legal texts and sources. Further, it takesinto consideration the roles of tradition, convention, the civil, legal,and critical supervisory systems in deciphering the codes in legaltexts after the Dekartian revolution. From a modern perspective andthe degree of accountability for the fulfillment of the requirementsof humanity, in fact, the hermeneutic interpretations of the legalcases lead to independence and, achieving unfettered freedom fromthe imposed interpretations dictated by metaphysical legaltraditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        80 - A Study of the Effects and Rules of Temporary Marriage, its Praiseworthiness and Blameworthiness in an Approach to Ahl al- Bayt Hadīth
        Fateme Mirshamsi
        The rules and consequences of temporary marriage are different fromthose of permanent marriage. Marriage portion and duration must bestated in temporary marriage. Failure to state the marriage portion intemporary marriage leads to the nullification of the contract. Howe More
        The rules and consequences of temporary marriage are different fromthose of permanent marriage. Marriage portion and duration must bestated in temporary marriage. Failure to state the marriage portion intemporary marriage leads to the nullification of the contract. However,failure to state the duration gives rise to a permanent marriage accordingto some jurisprudents. Others see it as a nullifying factor of the contract.In this type of marriage, the wife is not entitled to maintenance, norinheritance. Majority of jurisprudents hold that it is possible to considermaintenance for the wife according to a proviso within the contract.However, there are different views concerning succession. The dissolutionof temporary marriage is due to various factors including expiration of theterm, dispensing with remaining term, revocation, automatic cancellation,and the death of one of the spouses. Following the dissolution of marriagecontract in case of having had sexual intercourse, the wife is bound toobserve a waiting term. Temporary marriage makes the wife the owner ofthe whole marriage portion enjoying the right to withhold it.If considered parallel with permanent marriage, temporary marriagemay lead to the collapse of the foundations of family or failure to form it.Traditions of the Household of the prophet have recommended thetemporary marriage for specific cases and in certain cases have consideredit an indecent and shameful act. Wasāil al-ShīÝa devotes a chapter entitled"the undesirability of temporary marriage" to this issue considering itundesirable for married men and virgins. The chapter embraces 14traditions considering temporary marriage in case of virgins and marriedmen an indecent and shameful act which causes humiliation of womenand daughters on the one hand, and a matter of promiscuity and laxity formarried men on the other hand. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        81 - Reviewing the Jurisprudential Fundamentals of Traffic Accidents
        Daryoush Bekhradian Raziye Attar Ehsan Aliakbari
        The progress of human societies and development of software and not regarding laws and incorrect use of the equipment is causing traffic accidents now a day.   Due to increased accidents causing damage to life and property, in this research, citing legal position More
        The progress of human societies and development of software and not regarding laws and incorrect use of the equipment is causing traffic accidents now a day.   Due to increased accidents causing damage to life and property, in this research, citing legal position of the Quran, Sunnah, the intellect and the legal rules of the accidents caused by non-compliance with driving rules. Finally in this paper the view point of the law and jurisprudence surrounding the accident is well represented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        82 - Feasibility of Recognizing Human Right to Self by Rule of Rule (Dominion)
        Hojjatullah Rahmani Nia Aboalhasan Mojtahed Soleimani
        One of the indisputable and important rules of jurisprudence is the rule of Domination. According to this rule, man has dominion over his property and, consequently, the right to possess. The issue that has been raised in this regard and has caused controversy among jur More
        One of the indisputable and important rules of jurisprudence is the rule of Domination. According to this rule, man has dominion over his property and, consequently, the right to possess. The issue that has been raised in this regard and has caused controversy among jurists as well as jurists is the possibility of recognizing the human right to the body based on the rule of Domination. The specific question in this regard is whether the human right to one's body can be justified on the basis of the rule of Domination or whether another approach should be sought? The results of the analysis of this issue in the present paper are that the inference of kingship over the organs of the body, by analogy with the priority of human kingship over rubbing, does not seem correct because our kingship over property is not absolute so that we can By analogy of priority, let us conclude that we have dominion over the organs of the body. Also, the delegation of human affairs to him can not be considered as a reason for man's dominion over his body parts, because the delegation of human affairs to him is only in matters not related to body (blood) and includes political and social issues. It does not enter into the circle of sensitive issues in which the Shari'a procedure is based on excessive precaution. On the contrary, reliance on the rule and theory of guardianship seems to be a better explanation of the human right to his body. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        83 - Role of Management Accounting in prevention of become proletariat of Accounting Profession (The Modernism Heroes of Accounting Profession )
        Ferydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Afshin Ahmadi Louyeh
        Marx and Engels in the book of Communist party Manifest introduces two range of capitalist societies, and for the first time, defines the concept of the proletariat and bourgeois. the proletariat in the literature of policy defined as Community worker stratum that perfo More
        Marx and Engels in the book of Communist party Manifest introduces two range of capitalist societies, and for the first time, defines the concept of the proletariat and bourgeois. the proletariat in the literature of policy defined as Community worker stratum that performed commands eae ega af fo and does not use specialized and skills in their work . Management accounting was in the past under the influence and over interference of the managers, and non-expert comments of managers was imposed to management accountants , and managers was not interest to point view of management accountants. Hence in the past time , Management Accountants were the proletariat. With the passage of time and changes in management accounting ٬ managers gone found that Management Accountants are invaluable. Hence the managers using in the current time of the management accountants comments in the guidance and control of business ٬ and as partner of decisions and value creation people . Results of the present study indicates ٬ at the current time ٬ management accountants are not proletariat, and in performing their duties more emphasis on expertise and skill . management accountants at the current time providing strategy and create the highest level of knowledge (wisdom ) for management and they will assist in deciding. Administrators also recognized management accountants status and not interfere in the work management accountants . Including benefits and positive implications of not proletariat of management accountant for accounting professional in the present age, the professional independence and increase the attractiveness and science face of accounting . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        84 - The Impact of Leverage on Firms Investment Decision in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
        اسداله افشاری علی سعیدی الهام رشادی
        The present paper is aimed at analyzing the impact of leverage on firm’sinvestment decision of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) listed companies during theperiod from 2005 to 2009. To measure the impact of leverage on firm’s investmentdecision, unbalanced panel r More
        The present paper is aimed at analyzing the impact of leverage on firm’sinvestment decision of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) listed companies during theperiod from 2005 to 2009. To measure the impact of leverage on firm’s investmentdecision, unbalanced panel regression, with regard to random and fixed effect modelsare used by taking control variable including Tobin’s Q, sales, operating cash flow,Return on Asset, current ratio (liquidity) and retained earnings. Tow criteria forleverage are considered: i) debt ratio (total debt on total asset) ii) long term debt ratio(total long term debt on total asset). In addition, we demarcate between three types offirms (i) Small firms, (ii) Medium firms and (iii) Large firms. The results reveal nosignificant relationship between leverage and investment in any types of firms. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        85 - Economic Downturn and Earnings Management
        Rafik Baghoumian Hojjat Mohammadi Mansour Taheri
        In accounting literature, earnings management has been a considerable issue. Many variables influence earning management. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between economic downturn and earnings management.Statistical population of the research is More
        In accounting literature, earnings management has been a considerable issue. Many variables influence earning management. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between economic downturn and earnings management.Statistical population of the research is listed companies in Tehran stock exchange between 2009 to 2014. In Statistical population, a sample of 115 companies is investigated to tests hypothesis.The study makes use of discretionary accruals as a proxy for earnings management. The modified Jones model is used to measure discretionary accruals. The ordinary least square method was used to test hypothesis. The findings of the study provide evidence that there is a direct and significant relationship between economic downturn and earnings management. In other words, in economic downturn, earnings management increases. Moreover, the results show that fluctuations of gross domestic product as a macroeconomic variable affect earnings management. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        86 - Managerial Wisdom and Entrepreneurial Investment Orientation of Capital market companies Based on the analysis of Galatia's theory
        omid Sayeedi Arash Naderiyan ali khozein Hosein Didekhani
        In a dynamic business environment, where profit flows are uncertain in the future, companies need to be constantly looking for new opportunities and innovative exploitation. Maintaining an active presence in the market and achieving higher performance requires these com More
        In a dynamic business environment, where profit flows are uncertain in the future, companies need to be constantly looking for new opportunities and innovative exploitation. Maintaining an active presence in the market and achieving higher performance requires these companies to pay more attention to the factors affecting the indicators and capacities of the entrepreneurial investment trend. Today, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial approach as an important and prudent management strategy for how to organize companies and take advantage of market opportunities is the focus of experts and managers in the field of theory and practice of organizational management. The purpose of Managerial Wisdom and Entrepreneurial Investment Orientation of Capital market companies Based on the analysis of Galatia's theory. In this study, two measures of entrepreneurial orientation were used to measure entrepreneurial investment orientation based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach and Shannon's entropy analysis approach. Also, in order to measure managerial wisdom from the Ardelt (2003) questionnaire, which is based on three cognitive subscale scales based on cognition; Wisdom is based on reflection and wisdom is based on emotions. In this study, which was conducted in 2019, 82 questionnaires were completed and analyzed with the participation of managers of the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to fit and test the hypothesis, we used the partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The results showed that Managerial Wisdom has a positive and significant effect on the development of entrepreneurial investment orientation under the Galatia approach. In fact, this results in the fact that the existence of positive expectations of a manager from himself, can strengthen the level of wisdom in terms of the individual's approach with more effectiveness in organizational decisions and cause to move more dynamically in the direction of further dynamism of entrepreneurial capitalization trends. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        87 - The Comparison between Domain Theory and Method Theory in Management Accounting Researches: the Emphasis on Actor-Network Theory
        Shokrollah Khajavi Mohammad Hallaj Kiyanoosh Ganji
        The theories can be divided into two groups of the domain theories and the method theories based their roles on research. A domain theory refers to a particular set of knowledge on a substantive topic area situated in a field or domain such as management accounting, whi More
        The theories can be divided into two groups of the domain theories and the method theories based their roles on research. A domain theory refers to a particular set of knowledge on a substantive topic area situated in a field or domain such as management accounting, while a method theory can be defined as a meta-level conceptual system for studying the substantive issue(s) of the domain theory at hand. The purpose of this paper is to distinguish two roles of theories, domain theory and method theory, and examine their relationships in management accounting research. A conceptual framework for analyzing possible relationships between domain theories and method theories are developed based on the use of the actor-network theory that is originated from sociological science. The theoretical ambition of the most studies typically focused on domain theories. Both domain theories and method theories tend to be moving fields, and their interaction can add to this feature. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        88 - The Effect of Accounting Conservatism On Reducing Stock Price Crash Risk
        جواد مرادی هاشم ولی پور مرجان قلمی
        The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of accounting conservatism onreducing stock price crash risk in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The time period ofthis research is from 1380 through 1387 and the sample consists of 90 companieswhich listed in TSE over t More
        The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of accounting conservatism onreducing stock price crash risk in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The time period ofthis research is from 1380 through 1387 and the sample consists of 90 companieswhich listed in TSE over this time period. The findings show that there is a reserverelation between existence of stock price crash event and accounting conservatismover the research period. In other words, the findings suggest that accountingconservatism has a positive effect on reducing stock price crash. The results suggestthe relation between conservatism and stock price crash event in companies with highinformation asymmetry isn’t significant, too. These empirical evidences show thatinformation asymmetry isn’t able to increase the effect of conservatism in reducingstock price crash. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        89 - The required use of Activity-Based Management (ABC) in the engineering cost banking systems
        Seyed Erfan Razavi Mohamad Parvizi Ali Abbasifard
        Compete to improve the quality of products and services, the fate of all industries and institutions service marks. Many investigations in connection with improving the quality and variety of products and factors affecting it have been done, but less to credit instituti More
        Compete to improve the quality of products and services, the fate of all industries and institutions service marks. Many investigations in connection with improving the quality and variety of products and factors affecting it have been done, but less to credit institutions has been taken. Iran's banking system and credit institutions, as the majority of them deal with financial centers today are faced with many challenges. The presence of private banks, foreign banks Whispers activities as well as Iran's joining the World Trade Organization, the need to change attitudes in terms of providing services has become a necessity. Its requirement that requires a variety of strategies to achieve them by the above-mentioned challenges to overcome.Basically, information systems, banks and financial institutions to provide financial statements for external and external financial reporting are designed and Banking Activities in the profit and loss statement based on traditional methods of cost calculation and management is provided But information on the cost of specific activities or cost of each service and product separately and will not be accurate. Today, with the growing complexity and diversification of banking activities, understand the complexities and its Impact on costs and resources is important Banking has produced and offered to our customers It is necessary that the cost of all these services informed so that they can assess their benefits and costs.The activity and service and provide detailed information about the cost of each action And services required to design and use of an appropriate system management or properly allocate costs to activities and services. In this paper, failure of traditional methods Activity-Based Management (ABM) to illustrate, Then define Activity-Based Management System And continue to pay the required use of this type of management system in the bank. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        90 - Investigation on land cover mapping using Sentinel-2A images in the Google Earth Engine Platform
        Naser Ahmadi Sani
        10.30495/jrnr.2021.19079
        Land cover map show the spatial distribution of different landscapes such as agricultue, natural resources, water and man-made area. It is a valuable tool to managing and reducing risk in challenging issues such as drought and its effects, food security, flood control, More
        Land cover map show the spatial distribution of different landscapes such as agricultue, natural resources, water and man-made area. It is a valuable tool to managing and reducing risk in challenging issues such as drought and its effects, food security, flood control, and urban planning. In order to overcome the limitations of field work in the mapping of land cover, the use of satellite images due to the wide, multispectral and update data seems to be suitable. In the study area, the spatially heterogeneous landscapes also makes it difficult to classify features. Therefore, the main purpose of the study is accurate and high resolution land cover mapping using Sentinel-2A images in the Google Earth Engine platform. In this regard, three classification algorithms including RF, SVM and CART were evaluated and compared. Various indices were prepared using ratioing and transformation methods. The accuracy of the classifications was evaluated in comparison with ground reference data. Individual bands evaluation showed that the best overall accuracy (49%) was obtained using the CVI index.The best overall accuracy and kappa coefficient of 86% and 0.82 were obtained by RF algorithm. Therefore, while pointing to the advantages of the GEE including easily accessible data and the ability to process and quickly compare of data, it can be claimed that Sentinel-2A images for land cover mapping in terms of cost, time and accuracy, have high efficiency and the map can be very useful for the management and decision making in different natural and man-made resources for the successful implementation of sustainable development. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        91 - Landslide susceptibility mapping using advanced machine learning algorithms (Case study: Sarovabad city, Kurdistan province)
        Baharak Motamedvaziri Hemen Rastkhadiv Seyed Akbar Javadi Hasan Ahmadi
        The occurrence of landslides in mountainous areas may cause serious damage to road infrastructure, and may also lead to human deaths. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to landslide susceptibility mapping using advanced machine learning algorithms in Sarovabad city More
        The occurrence of landslides in mountainous areas may cause serious damage to road infrastructure, and may also lead to human deaths. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to landslide susceptibility mapping using advanced machine learning algorithms in Sarovabad city. In this study, landslide susceptibility was determined using two advanced data mining algorithms including random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT). First, the point file of 166 landslides occurred in Sarovabad city was considered as the landslide inventory map. The landslide points are divided into training data (70%) and validation data (30%). A total of 16 parameters including slope, aspect, elevation, river proximity, road proximity, river density, fault proximity, fault density, road density, precipitation, land use, NDVI, lithology, earthquake, stream power index (SPI) and topographic wetness index (TWI) were used in order to landslide susceptibility mapping. Finally, the performance of the models was evaluated using the ROC curve. The results of the ROC showed that the decision tree and random forest models have AUC values of 0.942 and 0.951, respectively. Therefore, the random forest model has the highest AUC value compared to the decision tree and was the best model for predicting the risk of landslides in the future in the study area. Landslide potential maps are efficient tools; so that they can be used for environmental management, land use planning and infrastructure development. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        92 - Tree Species Identification using RGB Time Series and Multispectral Images Obtained from UAV
        Mojdeh Miraki هرمز سهرابی
        10.30495/jrnr.2023.75462.10305
        Detailed information on forest combination is required for many environmental, monitoring, and forest protection purposes. The link between ecology and remote sensing provides valuable information for the study of forest trees to facilitate the study of ecosystem perfor More
        Detailed information on forest combination is required for many environmental, monitoring, and forest protection purposes. The link between ecology and remote sensing provides valuable information for the study of forest trees to facilitate the study of ecosystem performance and to measure the spatial distribution of vegetation. In recent years, the use of modern remote sensing methods and techniques based on UAVs have been used for regular updating of forest inventory. In this research, different data sources including multi-spectral and RGB images with very high spatial resolution, were used for tree species recognition in plain forests of Noor City located in Mazandaran province. Also, taking images was performed in the growing season to prepare a time series of UAV-RGB images for investigating the effect of tree crown phonological changes on classification accuracy.  Following orthomosaic generation, RGB (NGB, NRB) and multi-spectral (NDVI, CIgreen) indices were calculated and the random forest classification method was used for forest species classification. Based on single-time images, late April images provided the highest overall accuracy (75%). However, the results of the time series obtained from RGB images showed an increase in accuracy of up to 86%. Species identification based on multispectral images obtained from the Sequoia sensor also provided 85% accuracy. The results showed that the single-time image at the appropriate time using a UAV-RGB, compared to taking a time series and using a UAV equipped with multispectral sensors, has acceptable and less expensive results for tree recognition in the study area. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        93 - Factors affecting on the effectiveness increasing of sacrifice and martyrdom culture promotion procedures
        Mehdi Shahnourozi Reza Ismaeili Soheila Parastegari Sayed Javad Imam jome zade
        Background and Objectives: This study aimed to identify the effective factors and components on the ways of promoting the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. Methods: in the combined method (qualitative and quantitative). The research community consisted of experts in t More
        Background and Objectives: This study aimed to identify the effective factors and components on the ways of promoting the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. Methods: in the combined method (qualitative and quantitative). The research community consisted of experts in the qualitative part that information of 32 people collected to saturated limit through semi-structured interviews and classified using thematic analysis. In the second part, population, about 500 people, were experts and executives of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in Isfahan. 200 people were purposefully selected as the sample size and the questionnaires were distributed. In the qualitative part, interview was the collection tools and in the qualitative phase was researcher-made questionnaire based on qualitative part. Findings: The results showed that the quality of the promoting works of sacrifice and martyrdom culture (89/3 percent) had the highest average of severity of impact among the effective components with 4/3 and realism in manufacturing and attention to products for kids and adolescents and enjoying the art and evolution and creativity in the practices, followed in the ranks. Conclusion: The research indicated that cultural factors had the highest impact in the effectiveness promoting of sacrifice and martyrdom culture with 77percent and 4/07 impact average, both collectively and in comparison with other factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        94 - Identification of the resiliency human resource dimensions during pandemic covid-19 condition from Islamic point of view based on fuzzy Delphi method
        Mir Mehrdad Peidaei Nazanin Pilevari salmasi Mohammad Reza Shahriari
        If the celestial religions are expressed and practiced in the all their dimensions and totality, they can leave extraordinary effects in resilience and patience of their believers. Meanwhile, the religion of Islam, due to its comprehensiveness and human health’s p More
        If the celestial religions are expressed and practiced in the all their dimensions and totality, they can leave extraordinary effects in resilience and patience of their believers. Meanwhile, the religion of Islam, due to its comprehensiveness and human health’s position in the physical, spiritual, mental and social health aspects, has played a significant role in increasing the level of human resilience and paying attention to the teachings of this heavenly school in organizations would be a management facilitator to crises and unfortunate accidents. The current article is defined by the aim of identifying the dimensions of human resource resilience in pandemic corona disease based on Islamic teachings and is seeking to present comprehensive approaches to increasing human resource resilience against the corona virus through using the religious teaching and getting religious experts opinion. The statistical sample of this research is 30 religious experts working in governmental organizations that were identified and selected by snowball sampling method. The fuzzy Delphi method has been used in the identification process of the resilience dimensions and during the three stages of surveying the dimensions of resilience in four main aspects of financial-economical resilience, physical-biological resilience, cultural-social resilience and psychological-spiritual resilience have been identified in twenty components that can be an appropriate framework for editing the developing programs of the resilience human resources to deal with the pandemic coronary in today's organizations Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        95 - Political values in the government of Ali (AS)
        Ali Asghar Pourezzat Majid Mokhtarianpour fatemeh taban
        Summary Every government or political system is a crystallization of a strategy for producing and presenting values that are referred to as "political values." The present study uses the "intentional hermeneutics" method to study the rule of Imam Ali (AS) from the persp More
        Summary Every government or political system is a crystallization of a strategy for producing and presenting values that are referred to as "political values." The present study uses the "intentional hermeneutics" method to study the rule of Imam Ali (AS) from the perspective of how he adhered to political values. The question is, what did the Imam (as) face with components such as justice, freedom, security and welfare as political values? The findings of the study indicate that in the rule of that Imam, justice as a network that has various components such as truth, fairness, honesty and public interest. The freedom of the people, especially the opposition, is so important to the Imam (as) that he says: I cannot force you to do what you do not like (Sermon 208, 222). According to him, security is a universal right that makes sense in the light of power, and the government is merely the custodian and instrument of security, and it must eliminate the grounds for fear and need. In the discussion of social welfare, he encouraged the people to work and try and allocate an equal share of the treasury for the members of the society, even his opponents, while raising the living standards of the people, paving the way for the growth of their public self-esteem and increasing the level of people's freedoms. They were crying. Keywords: Political Values, Justice, Freedom, Security, Welfare. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        96 - Social alienation of youth in Tehran city
        Mansour Vosoughi Mohsen Sari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        97 - The role of "concept of freedom" in issuing sentences and moral values by relying on Sartre's phenomenological methodology.
        zeinabsadat mirshamsi Negar Ezharijenekanloo Monireh sayyidmazhari
        The purpose of ethical view in existentialist is a better description of being human. Sartre philosopher of existentialist philosophers, as human is free and autonomous, so in ethics there is no general rule, so there is no fixed value and human is simply the source of More
        The purpose of ethical view in existentialist is a better description of being human. Sartre philosopher of existentialist philosophers, as human is free and autonomous, so in ethics there is no general rule, so there is no fixed value and human is simply the source of value and moral code. According to such a view, the criterion for doing a verb as well as moral judgment is the individual himself, since the individual himself is the creator of his deeds because of his freedom. As well as his existentialist themes, Sartre also rejects the absolute morality that everyone is valid and replaces it with a moral that alone is valid for the individual. In the present article, we intend to study the nature of ethical values by relying on the concept of freedom from the perspective of Sartre in order to determine the role of moral values in how ethical judgments are issued. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        98 - Conceptual Analysis of the Subject of Metaphysics in Suhrawardi's Hikmat al-Ishraq
        Mahmud Hedayatafza Zeynab Bostani
        The subject of metaphysics, which was introduced in Greek philosophy, and especially in Aristotle's books, was expanded into the works of Muslim thinkers after being translated into Arabic. Most of them chose the most famous subject for the first teacher, that is, &ldqu More
        The subject of metaphysics, which was introduced in Greek philosophy, and especially in Aristotle's books, was expanded into the works of Muslim thinkers after being translated into Arabic. Most of them chose the most famous subject for the first teacher, that is, “existing in terms of existence”, sometimes under the influence of other words from Aristotle, “the object” and sometimes because of their religious tendencies, considered “obligatory existence” as the subject of philosophy. The present research is responsible for Hakim Sohrawardi's innovative view on this issue. The authors' method of discussion is a combination of historical description, analysis and comparison. Sohrawardi, in his works in the Peripatetic style, seems to have accepted Ibn Sina's view, preferring the title “existing in terms of existence” to other topics in philosophy in Peripatetic literature, and only in some places, the word “existence” in terms of its original meaning. Replaces “existing”. But in the book Hikmat al-Ishraq, we encounter a new conceptual system in which the “object” as the most obvious concept takes the place of existence and existence, and regardless of any constraints, is considered the subject of Enlightenment metaphysics. Sohrawardi from the beginning divides the object into light and darkness, and after that, other concepts of illuminated wisdom are formed. One of the important results of this approach is the denial of the validity of darkness and the rejection of the idea of the similarity of light, despite the fact that the commentators of the book Hikmat al-Ishraq have not properly. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        99 - Romantical Interpretation of Freedom on Isaiah Berlin View
        Mohsen Fazeli Aliakbar Ahmadi Aframjani Ali Moradkhani Reza Davari Ardekani
        10.30495/pi.2022.20608
        Romantical interpretation of freedom on Berlin view is relied to understanding of his analysis on enlightenment and romantism. But we must already have drawn a clear imagination of other aspects of his thought such as anthropology, history and pluralism, until clarified More
        Romantical interpretation of freedom on Berlin view is relied to understanding of his analysis on enlightenment and romantism. But we must already have drawn a clear imagination of other aspects of his thought such as anthropology, history and pluralism, until clarified means of freedom and be able to know foundation of original romantical aspects of his thought. This article tries to prove this claim that negative freedom is inextricably linked to romantic ideas, as if the relationship between freedom and romantic ideas is cut off to ignored, there can never be a way to define freedom as intended by Berlin. So first enumerated the supposed romantic ideas from works of Berlin and then with a Berlin analysis of the romantic era follow the traces of this ideas in the most fundamental part of his thought the concept of freedom until be able to achieve a romantic interpretation of his philosophy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        100 - Social Justice and Spatiale equity; An investignation and theoritical comparing of John Rowls and David Harvey
        حسین Hataminezhad عمران Rasti
        The Justice as a popular and interested concept has been among a few conceptsthat are already debated by philosophers and social economic elites and there havebeen various theories about social justice. John Rawls is one of the famous politicalphilosophers in 20th centu More
        The Justice as a popular and interested concept has been among a few conceptsthat are already debated by philosophers and social economic elites and there havebeen various theories about social justice. John Rawls is one of the famous politicalphilosophers in 20th century and David Harvey is most outstanding geographer insecond half of 20th century too. They have many philosophic approaches and articlesabout social Justice and spatial equity. This paper is going to investigate justiceconcept from point of their views and represent their common and differentiationviews. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        101 - Salt Domes of Bastak, Hormozgan Province and its influence on the soil and water Resources
        Mohammad Ebrahim Afifi Parviz Kardavani
        Bastak Region is located in the northwest of Hormazgan Province. It is consideredas one of the poor regions of the country according to it's water resources while 7.24billion cubic meters of water run down to the sea in the form of waste water and floodsin Hormozgan eac More
        Bastak Region is located in the northwest of Hormazgan Province. It is consideredas one of the poor regions of the country according to it's water resources while 7.24billion cubic meters of water run down to the sea in the form of waste water and floodsin Hormozgan each year without any further accessibility to it.Saline, alkaline and heavy ground water or the surface water flowing through thesaline formations are used for the irrigation of most agricultural territories of thisregion. However , the high level of ground water and severity of evaporation have stillreduced the soil fertility.On the other hand , the importance of water in this region increases with regard tothe dispersion of saline geological formations and improper quality of ground water.People suffer from the shortage of fresh and agricultural water most of the year. Thisregion is under the influence of two geological factors ie. The general folds of Zagrosmountaion chains and the phenomenon of diapirism.In addition to the saline and alkaline states of the soil, erosion has also largelyinfluenced on the decrease of its fertility. Therefore , this research mostly seeks for theeffective geomorphic evidence of the soil and water resources of the region while wehope to detect and offer some guidelines for it.Finally, salt domes are introdusing as one of the main factors of the salincty ofwater and soil in this region, We have used field activities and library and documentalmethods for achieving this purpose. Controling salinity plans should be implementedto prevent any further damage to the soil and water resources although manydifficulties are encountered when enforcing them due to several reasons. Thus, wehave tried to offer some reasonable suggestions base on two mechanical and biologicalstracthers for the reservation of soil and water resources according to regionalconditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        102 - Elections and political participation of people in the path of Khuzestan Province
        Zahra Pishgahifard Amir Hadadpour
        People's attendance in general elections to select one or more than one person in order to give them their fate and future for a specific period implies people's sensitiveness toward future. The more the degree of this sensitiveness and the more the result of the previo More
        People's attendance in general elections to select one or more than one person in order to give them their fate and future for a specific period implies people's sensitiveness toward future. The more the degree of this sensitiveness and the more the result of the previous participations be visble, people's participation in the next elections will be increased. Iranian's political participations in parliamentary elections includes ups and downs which their reason differs from city to city. The degree of people's participation in parliamentary elections from one area to another area, and in each area from one period to another period has bring a specific geographical perspective that the study of reasons and factors will reveal it. In this paper the degree and principle of peaple's attendance in Islamic consultative Assembly Elections in 8 electional periods of khozestan provine have been studied, and it has been tried to show the importance of the subject by giving statistics and numbers, tables, maps and graph. Also interactions between country's main political groups, the tendency of people's Agents toward the specialized commissions of the Assembly, the impacts of membership in each commission on Agent's performance, and obtaining credits for that area in recent periods have been discussed.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        103 - The effect of drought on the developmental process of zone arid and mid dry in rurales with accent on agriculture ( Case study Darab ).
        علی Shakoor
        The recent droughts in country specially in south such as Darab town , have caused a lot of damages and resulted evacutation of many villages.Social and economcal effects and damages on rurales economy are indeed irrecoverable. .Eventhough the drought can affect all kin More
        The recent droughts in country specially in south such as Darab town , have caused a lot of damages and resulted evacutation of many villages.Social and economcal effects and damages on rurales economy are indeed irrecoverable. .Eventhough the drought can affect all kinds of activities, because, of the dependence of villagers economy on resource water and soil , the effect detriment is more visible on rurales. In this paper of effects of drought on natural invironment and people of Darab which have main role in rurales development are studied.For instance, in majority of rurales,because of drought we can see extension poverity and this will slothful incentive of rurales for cooperation in management of precept society.  However their cooperation cause development rurales in this research the main data have been analyzed by 22 equation  and Functions. The results of the research shows that if the government and people  cooperate with together  the effects of drought on rurales Darab which cause slow development process rurales will minimize .   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        104 - Evaluation of the Environment of Ardabil City from the Perspective of New Urbanism
        Afagh Houshmand Nanehkaran rasoul samadzadeh Mohammad Taghi Masoumi
        10.30495/ums.2023.21766
        Introduction and Aim: The prevailing opinion is that the model of New Urbanism can provide a city with a suitable quality of life. Therefore, the city of Ardabil was studied from the perspective of New Urbanism to propose solutions to solve its problems with the knowled More
        Introduction and Aim: The prevailing opinion is that the model of New Urbanism can provide a city with a suitable quality of life. Therefore, the city of Ardabil was studied from the perspective of New Urbanism to propose solutions to solve its problems with the knowledge of the quality level of the region. The aim of this research is to know the executive strategies for improving the quality of the city's environment from the perspective of New Urbanism. Methodology: By using the survey method and collecting information through questionnaires, documents, and considering the climatic and biological conditions of Ardabil city, first the priorities of the ten principles of New Urbanism were determined by the AHP method, then by using the SWOT method, the type of dominant strategy was identified as a combination of strengths and opportunities (SO). 67 executive strategies of the SO type were proposed and scored by the votes of 45 experts and finally, three strategies were selected. Findings: Examining the internal and external factors of the city showed that strengths will overcome weaknesses and opportunities will overcome threats. The state of the city in terms of compliance with the principles of New Urbanism is "bad" and is equivalent to a score of 2.288 out of four. Results: By following the selected executive strategies in the city, it is possible to approach the principles of New Urbanism and provide a city with better livability while preserving the city's identity.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        105 - Using Similated Annealing Algorithm for Optimizing Multi objective Location-Allocation Problems in GIS Environment (Case Study: Firestations in District 11 of Tehran)
        سمیرا Boloori علیرضا Vafaeinejad
        Introduction and Objective:In this article, multiobjective location–allocation in GIS environment tooptimizing the location and allocation offirestations in district 11 of Tehran city is important. Objectives of this article are: 1-minimize distance between firest More
        Introduction and Objective:In this article, multiobjective location–allocation in GIS environment tooptimizing the location and allocation offirestations in district 11 of Tehran city is important. Objectives of this article are: 1-minimize distance between firestations and demands 2- minimize arriving time to demands from firestations 3- maximize firestations covering. Methodology:Location-Allocation is a combinatorial optimization problem and because computing complexity those known as NP-hard. So,traditional exact method cannot solve complex Location-Allocation problem with multicriteria. To solve thisLocation-Allocation problem is used metaheuristicSimilated Annealingalgorithm. Findings:This model findthe optimal location of firestations such that this firestations meet the demands Excellency. Result:In this multiobjective genetic model, to assess the impact of each objective, first the model is implemented as single objective to each function. Second, the multiobjective model is used with priority weight vector. The results indicate the model can successfully provide optimum locations for firestations with capacity criteria. Then, this study use from dynamic weighting scheme. In this case a random weight vector is assing to each soloutionin each iteration and produce set of non-dominated soloutions. These soloutions act as a candidate pool which decision maker may choose soloutions according to their preferences or determinent criteria. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        106 - The Relationship between Self-Concept and Decision Making for Selected the Location of a Tourist Fare on the Consumption Style of Domestic Tourists in Isfahan City
        Mehrdad Sadeghi Abbas Gheadamini Harouni
        Introduction & Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self- concept and decision making for selected the location of a tourist fare on the consumption style of domestic tourists in Isfahan City. Method: The research method is des More
        Introduction & Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self- concept and decision making for selected the location of a tourist fare on the consumption style of domestic tourists in Isfahan City. Method: The research method is descriptive- correlative and is an applied goal. The statistical population includes all the population of domestic tourists in Isfahan, whose number is unlimited of these, 384 people were selected using sample- based sampling method using a criterion- targeted purposeful approach. To collect data from two standard questionnaire on the eight dimensions of  Vals consumption style and the standard questionnaire of the concept of self was used. Given that the current questionnaires are standardized questionnaires the validity of the questionnaire was verifiable and formal and factor analysis, and analyzed by the statistical community and experts of the field. The reliability of the Cronbach alpha- abstract questionnaire was also calculated  the questionnaire with all this was above ./7. Indicating an acceptable level of the variables being investigated. The analysis of the non- inferential methods using structured equation modeling, variance analysis using SPSS software, Warp Pls 6. Findings: The results of the research hypotheses showed that there was a meaningful. Relationship with the successful, experienced, innovators, builders and survivors. And the real self with the successful, the belivers the fighters and the thinkers. Result: The higher the actual self-esteem among Isfahan's domestic tourists, the tendency for these types of consumption decreases.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        107 - Examining the process of public policy in the field of urban economy based on the naming of years by the Supreme Leader
        Hassan Nikpiran Aziz Javanpour Heravi Parviz Ahadi Ehsan Shakeri Khoei
        10.30495/ums.2023.23120
         Introduction and purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the process of public policy in the field of urban economy in Iran based on the naming of years by the Supreme Leader.Research method: The current research is practical in t More
         Introduction and purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the process of public policy in the field of urban economy in Iran based on the naming of years by the Supreme Leader.Research method: The current research is practical in terms of purpose and was conducted with the help of multifaceted foundation data theory qualitative method and through semi-structured interviews with 13 experts who were selected by theoretical sampling.Findings: In the findings section, attention was paid to 5 main sections: 1- the most important economic components emphasized in naming the years, 2- the perception of the interviewees about the category of naming the years, 3- examining the impact of the name Placing years on the policy-making process of the three forces, 4- Economic factors and obstacles affecting the non-implementation of policies based on naming years and 5- Economy and urban economy: the focus of naming years in the last decade by the leader of the revolutionConclusion: Based on the text of the interviews, the urban economy categories mentioned by the interviewees can be classified into 3 categories, i.e. resistance economy, support for domestic production, employment creation. The interviewees' perception of the category of naming the years includes ideal-oriented, judgment-oriented, policy-oriented, stereotype-oriented, expediency-oriented, jurist-oriented. The results showed that among the legislature, executive and judiciary, from the point of view of individuals, the government and then the judiciary played the most important role. Most of the interviewees stated that the government had this possibility and was able to establish or facilitate economic policies such as resistance economy policy, job creation, support for national production in the country, but in some cases it was not carried out in the desired way. It has not been successful.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        108 - The evaluation of antibacterial activity of TiO2 nanoparticles , EDTA and garlic on standard strain of Pseudomonas aeroginusa by microdilution method
        مینا سعادت شهلا رودبارمحمدی رمضانعلی خاوری نژاد الهام تقوی
        Importance of microbial contamination in food industrial is always important health problemespecially in high risk population such as children and old individual. TiO2 nanoparticles wereobtained through the hydrolysis of TiCl4 (Titanium tetrachloride).It was slowly adde More
        Importance of microbial contamination in food industrial is always important health problemespecially in high risk population such as children and old individual. TiO2 nanoparticles wereobtained through the hydrolysis of TiCl4 (Titanium tetrachloride).It was slowly added intodistilled water under constant rotation for 5 hours. This Solution was dried at the 80-100 0C andcalcinated at the 5500C. Size and type of these Nanoparticles were characterized by scanningelectron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray-: Diffraction (XRD) pseudomonas aeroginusa strain(ATCC 27853) were cultured on nutrient agar medium (NA) for 24h at 370C. Suspension byconcentration 1×106 cells/ml was prepared. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test forTiO2 and EDTA and garlic were evaluated.Evaluation of Morphology and diameter of the TiO2 nanoparticles with SEM showed thatnanoparticles were spherical with diameter between 40-65nm. MIC of TiO2 and EDTA andgarlic on pseudomonas aeroginusa ATCC27853 were 2/2, 24/92 and 40 μg/ml respectively.In this study we synthesized the TiO2 nanoparticles with chemical method and showed that ithas antimicrobial activity compared with garlic, EDTA and positive control, so it couldeliminate Pseudomonas aeroginusa in field of food industrial specially in packaging. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        109 - Prevalence study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia in broiler in Mazandaran
        سیدمحمد حسینی تقی زهرائی صالحی مجتبی شالیزار مرتضی شعبانی عارف ابراهیم زاده شیلا امیدظهیر
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common avian pathogens can cause localized or systemicdiseases in young and growing poultry. Morbidity and mortality varies from 2 to 100%, butmore commonly about 2-12% with greatest losses in very young birds. The disease occurred in6 More
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common avian pathogens can cause localized or systemicdiseases in young and growing poultry. Morbidity and mortality varies from 2 to 100%, butmore commonly about 2-12% with greatest losses in very young birds. The disease occurred in6-10 days-old ross broiler chickens. Clinical signs showed sleepy appearance, closed eyes, mildkeratitis and catarrhal rhinitis. Gross lesions revealed airsacculitis, congestion and swollen ofkidneys with deposition of ureats in the urters and proctitis. The disease morbidity and mortalityrates were 16.2% and 6%, respectively. Microbial culture was determined motile and Gramnegativebacteria, suspected greenish colonies, smell like fruity and beta hemolysis on bloodagar. Consequently, we suspected to Pseudomoniasis after culture and clinical signs finding.These isolates were transmitted to the department of microbiology, faculty of veterinarymedicine, university of Tehran and all isolates were identified by microbiological phenotypiccharacteristics with conventional methods and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was finally diagnosed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        110 - Association of progesterone concentration and lactation number on percentage of endometrial polymorphonuclear cells in dairy cows
        Dini, P., FarhoodiMoghadam, M.*, Fazeli, M.H., Akbari, G. .
        The objectives of this study were to assess the association between progesterone concentration and lactation number with the percentage of endometrial polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) obtained by low volume lavage (LVL) for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in dair More
        The objectives of this study were to assess the association between progesterone concentration and lactation number with the percentage of endometrial polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) obtained by low volume lavage (LVL) for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in dairy cows. Dairy cows at 30days in milk (DIM), were clinically examined and reproductive tract were evaluated for any abnormality. Cows (n=150) with sound reproductive tract were included in this study.  Endometrial cytology (LVL) and blood (tail vessels) samples were obtained at 30 DIM and at 40 DIM, and used for measuring percentage of PMN and Progesterone concentration, respectively. Two-blinded operators determined the percentage of PMN obtained by cytology. Data were analyzed with PROC FREQ, PROC CORR and PROC GLIMIX, in SAS 9.1. There was a significant negative correlation between serum progesterone concentration and percentage of PMNs (r = -0.58, P<0.001). Lactation numbers >2 and peripheral progesterone concentrations >1 ng/mL were significantly associated with lower PMN percentages at 40 DIM (P = 0.0041, 0.0187, respectively). According to the current study, cows with higher serum progesterone level, had lower chance of displaying subclinical endometritis assessing with the evaluation of PMNs% in the uterus at 40 DIM. This finding can be explained by the fact that the cows with higher serum progesterone level start estrous cycle earlier, which is prerequisite step for cleaning the postpartum uterus. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        111 - Evaluation of metallo-betalactamase and carbapenemase activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from clinical samples in Tehran
        سمیه Mashayekhy فاطمه Noorbakhsh سحر Honarmand Jahromi
        10.30495/jcp.2022.21927
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. Metallobetalactamases and carbapenemases are the most important factors in resistance to carbapenem drugs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The aim of this study was to eval More
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and a major cause of nosocomial infections. Metallobetalactamases and carbapenemases are the most important factors in resistance to carbapenem drugs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of metallobetalactamase and carbapenemase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens. 49 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients admitted to the intensive care unit were identified by biochemical methods, then their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Kirby- Bauer method. MBL producing strains were identified by phenotypic method combined disk test and KPC- producing strains were evaluated by MHT method. PCR method was also used to identify strains carrying VIM, SIM, GIM, SPM and IMP genes. Antibiotic resistance to ticarcillin, meropenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cefpime and ceftazidime were 89.8%, 51%, 44.9%, 67.4%, 93.9%, 95.9%, respectively. By phenotypic analysis combined disk test, 55.1% of the strains were identified as metallo-betalactamase producing strains. Also, 38.8% of carbapenemase producing strains were observed by MHT method. The frequencies of each of these gene’s VIM, SIM and GIM were 63.3%, 38.8%, 34.7%, respectively, and SPM and IMP genes were not observed in any of the strains in this study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        112 - Protective effects of phoenixin 14 from the pathological point of view in experimental duodenal ulcer induced by indomethacin in rats
        یاسر Zandeh‑Rahimi نگار Panahi سعید Hesaraki S.H Shirazi‑Beheshtiha
        10.30495/jcp.2022.21981
        Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) is a newly identified neuropeptide with potential anti-inflammatory effects in the gastrointestinal tract. This study evaluated the protective effect of PNX-14 against the formation of duodenal ulcers caused by experimental indomethacin (IND). More
        Phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) is a newly identified neuropeptide with potential anti-inflammatory effects in the gastrointestinal tract. This study evaluated the protective effect of PNX-14 against the formation of duodenal ulcers caused by experimental indomethacin (IND). Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups. They include negative control, IND (7.5 mg/kg subcutaneous indomethacin), FAM (7.5 mg/kg subcutaneous indomethacin followed by 40 mg /kg famotidine intraperitoneal), and PNX-14 (7.5 mg/kg subcutaneous indomethacin followed by 50 μg/kg intraperitoneal PNX-14). Outcome measures included macroscopic assessment of duodenal lesions and histopathological parameters. Selected parts of the duodenum were removed and placed in 10% formalin, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were prepared. The macroscopic grade of duodenal lesions in the PNX-14 group was significantly smaller than the IND group (P< 0.001). The components of tissue pathology lesions were significantly increased in the IND group. The wound's diameter and depth and the inflammation intensity in the PNX-14 group were significantly smaller than in the IND group (P<0.001). PNX-14 was superior to the FAM group in reducing inflammation. PNX-14 showed significant protective effects against IND-induced duodenal ulcer formation. These results show a promising therapeutic outcome for PNX-14 in treating inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        113 - Studying the therapeutic effect of artemisinin along with endometrial stem cells containing TSP-1 gene on Alzheimer's disease in streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's-diabetes model of rat
        پروین Poorgholam پریچهره Yaghmaei مهدی Noureddini زهرا Hajebrahimi
        10.30495/jcp.2023.22496
        Alzheimer's is the most common neurodegenerative disease of the elderly. Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in Alzheimer's disease. The risk of Alzheimer's disease is high in diabetic people, and insulin resistance occurs in the brain of Alzheimer' More
        Alzheimer's is the most common neurodegenerative disease of the elderly. Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in Alzheimer's disease. The risk of Alzheimer's disease is high in diabetic people, and insulin resistance occurs in the brain of Alzheimer's patients. Accumulation of amyloid plaques leads to angiogenesis and increased permeability of the vessels. Today, medicinal plants are receiving attention due to fewer side effects than chemical drugs. In the present study, the protective effect of Artemisia herbal product (artemisinin) along with endometrial stem cells containing the antiangiogenesis gene (thrombospondins-1 or TSP-1) was investigated in Alzheimer's disease induced by streptozotocin in a diabetic male rat laboratory model. 3 days after the induction of Alzheimer's and diabetes using streptozotocin, the animals received stem cells intranasally and then received artemisinin for one month (50 mg/kg). Initial and final weight, blood sugar, and interleukin-6 serum levels were measured, and brain amyloid plaques were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed that the induction of Alzheimer's and diabetes led to a significant decrease in body weight and an increase in blood sugar, interleukin-6, and brain amyloid plaques. Treatment with artemisinin and stem cells, separately and simultaneously, improved these parameters. The findings of this research showed that human endometrial stem cells that contain the TSP-1 gene can be used as a potential source of stem cells along with natural antioxidants artemisinin to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        114 - Evaluating the potential of groundwater resources using a combination of data mining methods:(Case study: Hormozgan province, Sarkhon plain)
        fateme riahi hasan vagharfard peyman daneshkar araste hamid kardan moghadam
        The porpose of this study is the ground water potential mapping.using four methods, stochastic forest, GLM, Domain, and GAM. in addition, four methods for combining these methods for potential mapping were also evaluated. for this purpose, eleven criteria include the sl More
        The porpose of this study is the ground water potential mapping.using four methods, stochastic forest, GLM, Domain, and GAM. in addition, four methods for combining these methods for potential mapping were also evaluated. for this purpose, eleven criteria include the slope , profile curvature ,(Topographic Curvature), total curvature, index (spi), index (spi), index (twi), land use, soil and demographic elevation model were used according to the experience of experts and researchers. in order to validate the 76 of wells with high discharge were, it has been used for simulation (70 %) and validation (30%) before modeling the linear test on the criteria, there is no linear relationship between variables. according to, the results of the evaluation using the ROC curve showed that all four used methods have excellent accuracy and AUC over 90%. then, the results of four methods were combined with mean averaging method. The final potential showed that 32.89% of the lands have good potential for exploiting groundwater resources.The results of the importance factors also showed that the slope, height, and power index were the most important factors. The results of this research can serve as information bases for planners and local authorities to evaluate, plan, manage, sustainably use and synthesize groundwater resources in the future. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        115 - Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) on soil chemical properties in a clover- rice cropping system
        Abbas Shahdi Kumleh
        One of the main pillars of sustainable agriculture is the use of biofertilizers in agro-ecosystems to modify and reduce the use of chemical inputs. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of growth promoting bacteria on soil chemical properties in a clover- More
        One of the main pillars of sustainable agriculture is the use of biofertilizers in agro-ecosystems to modify and reduce the use of chemical inputs. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of growth promoting bacteria on soil chemical properties in a clover- rice cropping system using a factorial experiment with randomized complete blocks having three replications at the research site of Rice Research Institute of Iran, during 2015- 17. Experimental factors for clover included four levels of inoculation with symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium trifolii and four levels of inoculation with non- symbiotic plant growth promoting bacteria. The results showed that clover cultivation led to a significant increase in the percentage of soil organic carbon (1.79%) and nitrogen (0.216%). The Application of non-symbiotic bacteria in clover cultivation caused a significant increase in soil phosphorus in rice cultivation. The highest amount of soil phosphorus was obtained in treatments of Pseudomonas (12.38%) and Azotobacter+ Pseudomonas (11.8 ppm) in rice cultivation. Also, rice cultivation significant reduced available potassium in the second year (121.1 mg/kg) compared to the first year (128.3 mg/kg). According to the overall results of this study, the use of growth promoting bacteria while maintaining and improving the chemical properties of the soil increased the average rice yield in the second year (3250.3 kg/ha). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        116 - Evaluation of the efficiency of artificial intelligence and bivariate statistical models in determining landslide prone areas in West Azerbaijan
        Azad Aram Mohammad Reza Dalalian Siamak Saedi Omid Rafieian Samad Darbandi
        10.30495/wsrcj.2022.20004
        Background and Aims: Landslide is one of the natural hazards that lead to a lot of human and financial losses. Researchers on the subject of landslide susceptibility are investigating the possibility of landslides with respect to topographic and geo-environmental condit More
        Background and Aims: Landslide is one of the natural hazards that lead to a lot of human and financial losses. Researchers on the subject of landslide susceptibility are investigating the possibility of landslides with respect to topographic and geo-environmental conditions, and the obtained information is critical in landslide risk management Preparation of landslide sensitive points is an essential tool for assessing landslide risk and is very useful in better planning and management of these areas. In this research, models based on artificial intelligence and two statistical variables in determining landslide sensitive points in West Azerbaijan province have been studied and compared.Methods: Methods based on artificial intelligence and two statistical variables were used to prepare landslide-sensitive points in the province of West Azerbaijan, which is located in northwestern Iran. This study was conducted in four stages. The first stage: the study of landslides in the studied region based on the database of the Forests, Rangelands and Watershed Organization of Iran (FRWO) and the identification of 110 landslides through field surveys, interpretation of aerial photographs and Google Earth satellite images, the second stage: data collecting and creating a spatial databases of effective factors, the third stage: applying the Frequency Ratio (FR), Shannon Entropy (SE), Bagging (BA), Random Forest (RF) and hybrid model (RF-BA) and stage four: methods validating using the system performance curve (ROC). Based on field surveys and similar studies, 12 factors affecting landslide occurrence including altitude, slope angle, slope direction, distance from fault, distance from river, distance from road, drainage density, road density, rainfall, soil, land use and lithology were identified. In the field survey, 110 landslides were identified in West Azerbaijan. 70 percent of the data were randomly selected and used for modeling and 30 percent of the data were used for validation.Results: In terms of geographical directions, the southern direction with a weight of 1.49 had the greatest impact on the occurrence of landslides in the province. The least weight was related to flat areas where no landslide occurred. The results of slope factor showed that the middle slopes had the greatest effect on the occurrence of landslides, so that in low slopes due to low gravity, less landslides occur and too much slopes were related to mountainous areas that were covered with rocks and there was very thin soil that is not suitable for landslide. The study of land use factor showed that 48 percent of landslides occured in agricultural areas. The results showed that most of the landslides occurred near rivers and faults. Also, in some areas, the closest distances to the road had the greatest risk of landslideConclusion: The results of this study showed that the artificial intelligence models (RF and the combined model RF-BA) had the higher efficiency than the statistical models (FR and SE). The accuracy of the combined models was higher than the single models. The ROC curve results showed the accuracy of 0.92, 0.91, 0.89 and 0.88 with RF-BA, RF, FR and SE models, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        117 - The Effect of Salicylic Acid and Pseudomonas Putida Bacteria on Enzyme Properties of Quinoa Plant in Saline Soil Contaminated With Arsenic
        Mahmood Nabizade Ali Reza Astaraei Amir Lakzian
        10.30495/wsrcj.2022.68476.11308
        Introduction: Due to the fact that some of the country's regions, such as Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan, Kerman, etc., are contaminated with arsenic (As), and on the other hand, most of Iran's soils are associated with different degrees of salinity and few agricultural manag More
        Introduction: Due to the fact that some of the country's regions, such as Khorasan Razavi, Isfahan, Kerman, etc., are contaminated with arsenic (As), and on the other hand, most of Iran's soils are associated with different degrees of salinity and few agricultural management operations like plant selection or applying organic acids such as salicylic acid (SA) have been used, therefore, this research is conducted with the following objectives: 1) Investigate the effect of Pseudomonas putida (P. Putida) bacteria inoculation in soil salinity stress conditions, 2) Investigate the effect of arsenic pollution in soil salinity stress conditions, 3) Investigate the effect of salicylic acid foliar application on cultivated quinoa plant in saline soil and 4) Dual and triunal effects of experimental treatments on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the quinoa plant (Titicaca cultivar).Methods: A completely randomized design (factorial), including the first factor 1) control soil (no inoculation of Pseudomonas putida bacteria, 2) inoculation of Pseudomonas putida bacteria, the second factor: two levels of arsenic (0 and 40 mg/kg) and the third factor: foliar spraying of two levels of salicylic acid (0 and 0.5 mM) in total of 24 pots with a volume of 5000 cubic centimeters were prepared to apply the desired treatments in three replications. To provide saline soil without arsenic, samples are taken from the depth of 0 to 30 cm from Areh village located 45 km of Mashhad-Sarkhos Road. After air-drying and pounding, the samples are sieved with a two-millimeter sieve, and then part of it is moved to the soil science laboratory for preliminary analysis. After preparing the soil, 4 kg of soil is transferred to each pot. Then arsenic salt (Na2AsHO4.7H2O) is added to the pots with the amount of 40 mg/kg of soil. After quinoa plant cultivation, Titicaca variety, when the plants reached the two-leaf stage, the liquid culture medium containing Pseudomonas bacteria is added in three stages (with 5 days intervals). In the following, the plants are sprayed with salicylic acid solution at the 4-leaf stage in 5 stages (with 6 days intervals). Subsequently, the parameters of photosynthetic pigments’ (Lichtenthaler, 1987) antioxidant activity, (Brand-Williams et al, 1995), proline (Bates et al, 1973) and catalase (Dhindsa et al, 1981) of plants’ new leaves are carried out in the soil science laboratory of Ferdowsi University.Results: The results of the analysis of variance of the triple interaction effects of arsenic × salicylic acid × bacteria illustrate that the triple interaction effect on carotenoid is significant at the level of 1% (p<0.01), and the values of chlorophyll a, proline and antioxidant activity are significant at the level of 5% (p<0.05).The results of comparing the average of the triple interaction effects of arsenic levels, salicylic acid and bacteria show that at the zero level of arsenic + spraying solution 0.5 mM salicylic acid + the presence of bacteria can have a positive and significant role on the amount of chlorophyll a (10.76 micrograms per gram of fresh weight) equivalent to +25.11% and carotenoid (3.53 μg/g fresh weight) equal to +25.17 % compared to the control samples (soil with salinity stress). Also, the presence of arsenic (40 mg/kg) + 0.5 mM salicylic acid solution spraying + the presence of bacteria caused a significant increase in proline (8.23 μg/g fresh weight) equivalent to +22.29% compared to the control samples, which demonstrates the positive effects of spraying salicylic acid and bacteria in the conditions of salinity stress with arsenic contamination in the soil. Arsenic (40 mg/kg) + 0.5 mM salicylic acid solution + the presence of bacteria shows a significant rise in the antioxidant activity of quinoa plant (45.03 μg/g fresh weight) equivalent to +47.88% compared to the control sample.Conclusion: The application of Pseudomonas putida bacteria and salicylic acid can enhance the tolerance of plants against salinity stress and heavy metals by regulating the levels of different metabolites of antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolites, and metal-chelating compounds. In this research, salicylic acid under natural soil salinity conditions (8.16 dS/m) increases  chlorophyll a, carotenoid , proline , and antioxidant activity to +14%, +9.6%, +6.4% and +8.7%, respectively.  On the other hand, under natural soil salinity conditions (8.16 dS/m) with 40 mg/kg of arsenic contamination in the soil, it has significantly increased plant proline equivalent to 20.65%, which led to a significant rise in antioxidant activity equivalent to +38.02%. The inoculation of Pseudomonas putida bacteria in saline soil contaminated with arsenic significantly boost proline of the plant equal to +22.29% and antioxidant activity equal to +47.88%, which greatly improved the content of chlorophyll, carotenoid and photosynthesis of quinoa plant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        118 - Modeling Soil Organic Matter Distribution Using Remote Sensing and Random Forest Model and Kriging in Lenjan County
        Fatemeh Shiranitabar Mozhgan Ahmadi Nadoushan
        10.30495/wsrcj.2022.66981.11297
        Background and Aim: Soil is one of the most important natural resources that provides more than 97% of human food needs. Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important soil quality factor that greatly affects soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Modeli More
        Background and Aim: Soil is one of the most important natural resources that provides more than 97% of human food needs. Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important soil quality factor that greatly affects soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Modeling and mapping of soil properties are critical in many environmental, climatic, ecological, and hydrological applications. The main objective of this study is to model the distribution of soil organic matter and organic carbon using satellite images and random forest and kriging models in Lenjan County.Method: In this study, digital maps of four main soil parameters including soil organic carbon, soil organic matter, electrical conductivity, and pH are prepared using random forest and Kriging methods in Lenjan County. Based on homogeneous land units, a total of 110 points in the study area are determined, and in these points, samples are taken from a depth of 0 to 30 cm of soil surface. Sampling is done in July 2021 and Sentinel-2 satellite images are acquired from the same month because better information is available this month due to fewer clouds and increased direct reflection from the soil surface. In addition, 16 environmental variables affecting the distribution of soil parameters are used. Various auxiliary variables such as NDVI, NDWI, DEM, and Slope are used for prediction, which are all directly or indirectly extracted from satellite images.Results: The maps obtained by the random forest method showed more accuracy than the kriging method. The zoning map prepared using the random forest method displays much more details than the map prepared by kriging method. The output of the random forest model with the combination of different auxiliary variables showed values ​​equal to 0.312, 0.54, 0.73 and 0.16 of the modeling error for soil organic carbon, organic matter, electrical conductivity and pH, respectively. In the study area, the maximum values of soil organic carbon and organic matter were observed in urban areas and the highest values of electrical conductivity and pH were observed in agricultural lands. The most important variables affecting the spatial distribution of organic carbon and soil organic matter are clay, slope and silt. While in modeling electrical conductivity, silt BI and Aspect and in modeling pH, MNDWI, NDWI and DEM variables are recorded as more important than other variables.Conclusion: In general, this study demonstrates that land use regression models based on random forest method can help mapping soil parameters faster and more efficiently. There is a strong need for efficient and accurate methods, including land use regression, for continuous monitoring of changes in soil quality in different landscapes. Land use regression contributes developing advanced maps of soil quality parameters using cost-effective and accessible spatial information. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        119 - Evaluation of Time Series Analysis Based on Wavelet Function on River Flow Simulation
        Vahed Eslamitabar Ahmad Sharafati Farshad Ahmadi Vahid Rezaverdinejad
        10.30495/wsrcj.2023.75430.11407
        Introduction: Using the values analyzed by the wavelet function can increase the accuracy of the simulations. Considering the climatic changes and the increase of extreme values in recent years, in this study, we made an effort that the effect of signal processing under More
        Introduction: Using the values analyzed by the wavelet function can increase the accuracy of the simulations. Considering the climatic changes and the increase of extreme values in recent years, in this study, we made an effort that the effect of signal processing under the name of wavelet transformation in improving the performance of random forest model in simulating monthly river flow in Siminehrood and Mahabadchai sub-basins in the south of Lake Urmia has been discussed and investigated in the period of 1971-2019. Materials and Methods: In this study, the accuracy of the random forest model has been investigated in two steps of training and testing. At first, the random forest model was evaluated in two phases of training and testing in rainfall-runoff simulation in the south of Lake Urmia basin. Nash-Sutcliffe statistics and root mean square error were used to evaluate the performance and error rate of the studied models, respectively. In the next step, after investigating the performance of the random forest model, the time series of rainfall and river flow in the studied basins were analyzed using the wavelet function. In this regard, two analysis levels (level 1 and 2) and two Haar and Daubechies wavelet functions were used. Finally, using the random forest model, rainfall-runoff simulation based on the wavelet theory was done under the name of W-RF model. Results and Dissection: At First, the random forest model was investigated in two phases of training and testing, and the simulation results of the river flow values showed that the simulated values were within the 95% confidence interval, and the error rate of the river flow simulation using the RMSE statistic is 3.22 and 8.91 cubic meters per second in the test phase for Mahabadchai and Siminehrood sub-basins, respectively. In order to investigate the effect of time series analysis on the performance of the RF model, wavelet theory and Haar and Daubechies 4 wavelet functions were used in decomposition levels 1 and 2. By estimating the accuracy and performance of the hybrid W-RF model in 4 input patterns, the best pattern was selected based on the RMSE and NSE model evaluation criteria. The research results showed that for the Haar wavelet function in level 1 decomposition has better performance and error rate than level 2 type in both sub-basins. In this study, the Daubechies wavelet at level 1 in the test phase has provided the best performance and the lowest error rate in the simulation of the river flow values in the studied sub-basins and has been able to reduce the error rate in the two sub-basins of Mahabadchai and Siminehrood respectively by about 89 and 80 percent compared to the random forest model. Conclusion: Finally, by comparing the RF and W-RF models, the simulation results of river flow in the two studied sub-basins showed that the integrated W-RF model was able to reduce the error rate in the two sub-basins of Mahabadchai and Siminehrood to reduce by 89 and 80% respectively. Considering the increase in simulation complexity with the involvement of wavelet theory, the error recovery rate and model performance are acceptable. The integrated W-RF model in this study provides reliable results for the simulation of river flow data in order to support decision-making and risk analysis in the exploitation of downstream reservoirs and the management of water resources in sub-basins. The obtained results can be used in the design of water resources systems. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        120 - Inculturation, Spread of Christianity in China
        ehsan ghani far MR Adli Bakhshali Ghanbari
        10.30495/jrs.2023.75013.10853
        Acculturation is among the basic concepts belong to Communication Science that in terms of history has been used by Christian Missionaries as promotion methods. This term consists of the process in which groups of people with different cultures, bridge communicate toget More
        Acculturation is among the basic concepts belong to Communication Science that in terms of history has been used by Christian Missionaries as promotion methods. This term consists of the process in which groups of people with different cultures, bridge communicate together through the constantly, firsthand and interactive manner. Changes are originated in the cultural patterns of one or another group accordingly by performance. Inculturation during the ages changed to a scientific, observable and experimental technique capable to study in theory along method. It contains two methods: Motive and Cultural Diffusion which are accomplished by means of Time, Space, Social Relations, Symbols and Streaming Agreements in societies. Nowadays, human relations whereas analyzing with models. Two Models are mentioned in this paper named VALS and YANKELOVICH. One of the samples in religion development through the Inculturation is the process of Christianity’s spread in China performed by Matteo Ricci in 16 A.D. He used the Immersion method in Chinese culture by learning the language and customs, paved the way for Christendom interaction with China. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        121 - The Status of Abu al-cAbbās Qaßßāb ĀmulÊ in the Spiritual Geneology of Shaikh-i "Ishrāq
        زهرا Zare' SH Pazuki
        Abu al-cAbbās Qaßßāb ĀmulÊ, an Iranian sufi of the 4th century A.H. is one of the leading figures of the Futuwwah and chivalry. In the present article, the reason of mentioning him in the spiritual geneology of Shaikh-i "Ishrāq in al-Mashāric wa al-mu& More
        Abu al-cAbbās Qaßßāb ĀmulÊ, an Iranian sufi of the 4th century A.H. is one of the leading figures of the Futuwwah and chivalry. In the present article, the reason of mentioning him in the spiritual geneology of Shaikh-i "Ishrāq in al-Mashāric wa al-muãāriÈāt is examined. Considering the similarity of his views on spiritual journey with the fundamental ideas of KhusruwānÊ mystics of the eastern side of wisdom, such as intuitive tawÈÊd and other related subjects, and because of the conformity of his chivalric manner with that of the KhusruwānÊ wisdom and Mazdaism, and also for some other textual and rational arguments, it is legitimate to regard him as a link in transmiting the eternal essence of wisdom from the spiritual kings of ancient Iran (kÊyåmarth, Firiydån, Kaykhusruw) to BāyazÊd BasãāmÊ and \allāj, and finally to Abu al-\asan KharaqānÊ. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        122 - A Study of the Changes in the Concept of Kingdom of God in the Bible
        Hossein Heidari Muhammad Aqajani
        In his teachings and words, Jesus frequently promised early advent of God’s kingdom. However, from the outset of his call, both his followers and opponents couldn’t get the exact meaning of this expression. So, they interpreted it as a political-social conce More
        In his teachings and words, Jesus frequently promised early advent of God’s kingdom. However, from the outset of his call, both his followers and opponents couldn’t get the exact meaning of this expression. So, they interpreted it as a political-social concept. When speaking about kingdom of God, Jesus tried to apply metaphors in order to teach this significant notion to his people. Nonetheless, his opponents employed such statements to charge him with leading a riot against Romans in order to gain power. Applying semantic approach, the present study attempts to investigate the background of the notion of kingdom of God (or kingdom of heaven) in the Old  and New Testaments. Then, Gnostic teachings about evil, the governance of devil in the current world, the positive role of wisdom in saving man, and the duality of matter and spirit are notified. The findings indicate that the term kingdom of God in Jesus’s words refers to God’s governance in the universe. It is found that Jesus is chosen as a prophet in order to promise kingdom of god and provide the situation for absolute kingdom and kingship of God on earth, as it appears to be in the heaven. At the end of the world, God’s will and power will dominate and destroy devil’s governance. So, there will be an absolute kingdom and kingship of God. Beside aforementioned meanings, this concept is presumed to refer to the mystical notion of intuition and certainty about god’s absolute power and governance, to which some believe in current world and others finally will believe when the end comes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        123 - Heaven in Emanuel Swedenborg’s View
        habib bashirpour Shahram Pazouki
        Although in cultures and religions, the living conditions of the righteous after death in heaven is explained in different ways, but common to all of them is that heaven is a place of comfort and convenience. Swedenborg who is a Protestant Christian, depicted paradise s More
        Although in cultures and religions, the living conditions of the righteous after death in heaven is explained in different ways, but common to all of them is that heaven is a place of comfort and convenience. Swedenborg who is a Protestant Christian, depicted paradise structure based on his intuition and in accord with Christian concepts. His heaven is based on love to the Lord. In the afterlife, the better qualities from the Lord in his inside, more of the light of God will benefit. We were created to become an angel, and the Lord creates Paradise for those who are in heaven and angels and all the blessings of love and wisdom God gives them. Lord is man and heaven is his image; the angels are like human beings. The inner side of man is form of heaven to the extent that the inner qualities of love and faith is; but different from humans with angels is that the the outer layers of man is form of this world, and to the extent that we engage in charitable and good, world into us becomes a paradise. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        124 - The Thoughts and Teachings of Emanuel Swedenborg
        حبیب Bashirpour Shahram Pazouki
        Emanuel Swedenborg was strongly influenced by the intellectual debates of 18th century. The great problem of that time was the dichotomy between science and religion. He started his career as a scientist, but after a mystical experience he ended with the path of religio More
        Emanuel Swedenborg was strongly influenced by the intellectual debates of 18th century. The great problem of that time was the dichotomy between science and religion. He started his career as a scientist, but after a mystical experience he ended with the path of religion and spirituality. However, he did not give up the path of science and tried to make a compromise between religion and science. Swedenborg had some strange experiences which he tried to express them logically. As a Protestant mystic, Swedenborg's thoughts is somehow a reminiscent of Jacob Boehme's ideas. His mysticism is mainly based on the Biblical teachings. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        125 - The Concept of Suffering from the Rumi’s Point of View
        فاطمه لاجوردی زینب ابراهیمی
        As a fact of sentient life, suffering is a concomitant problem of thehuman existence. Throughout the history people from differentbackgrounds and points of view, such as psychological, philosophicaland mystical, have tried to solve this problem. Thus suffering, morethan More
        As a fact of sentient life, suffering is a concomitant problem of thehuman existence. Throughout the history people from differentbackgrounds and points of view, such as psychological, philosophicaland mystical, have tried to solve this problem. Thus suffering, morethan any other fact of human life, raises the philosophical questions thatreligion customarily tries to answer; questions such as: Is there anyrelation between suffering and evil? As the absolute Good, what is therole of God in relation to suffering and evil? What is the best remedy ofhuman suffering? Theists answered to these questions in differentways. Rumi was one of them who tried to find reasonable explanations.His reflections about suffering, as revealed in Mathnavī, can be tracedback to his Islamic beliefs on the one hand, and to the teachings ofBorhān Al-dīn Tirmadhī, a sufi master who emphasized the blame(malāma) and asceticism (riyada), and Shams Tabrizi, who stressed theimportance of love in thariqah (the Path) on the other hand.As a Muslim, Rumi observed the suffering from the Islamic pointof view. Firstly, he referred to creation as the purposeful act of God andthen by explaining the problem of freedom and determinism, describedthe true suffering as the sweet fruit of the Divine love, so much so thata true lover should willingly submit her/himself to it. Rumi’s frequentreferring to Islamic sayings and traditions is the sign of the influence ofreligious teachings on him. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        126 - The Names of Ahura Mazda in Avesta
        ملیحه شیرخدائی بخشعلی قنبری
        The concept of God is the most important concepts in the sacred texts.In these texts the attributes and characteristics of God are told throughthe names, so that each name describes an aspect of God. In Avesta, asa sacred book, God has several names included Ahura Mazda More
        The concept of God is the most important concepts in the sacred texts.In these texts the attributes and characteristics of God are told throughthe names, so that each name describes an aspect of God. In Avesta, asa sacred book, God has several names included Ahura Mazda and 101other names. Ahura Mazda, in Gahan, is God of wisdom who createsheaven and earth. So the universe, which is full of goodness, isconsidered as the act of God. Ahura Mazda is infinite and limitless butthe cosmos is finite and limited. Ahura Mazda is self-existing God andAmesha Spantas, the divine sparks and manifestations, depend on Him.Therefore, Ahura Mazda is inherently creative and benevolent andthese attributes are manifested through Spanta Mainyu, His holywisdom. This article tries to survey the names of God in Avesta and itsinterpretation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        127 - Apocalyptic Eschatology in the Words of Jesus of Nazareth and its Reflection in the Gospels
        Tahereh Hajebrahimi Mohammad Reza Adli
        Jesus was in fact an apocalyptic preacher and a herald of eschatologicalrestoration. His message can be fairly characterized as apocalypticeschatology. His own words were reflected in the Gospels more thanany other parts of the New Testament. But the narrators of the Go More
        Jesus was in fact an apocalyptic preacher and a herald of eschatologicalrestoration. His message can be fairly characterized as apocalypticeschatology. His own words were reflected in the Gospels more thanany other parts of the New Testament. But the narrators of the Gospelsadded their own speculations to these words; however, these words andthe speculations reflect the early Christian traditions.This article tries to survey the teachings of Jesus, considering itseschatological aspects. Moreover it reviews the Jewish background ofthe eschatological concepts. Finally it comes to this conclusion:apocalyptic eschatology constitutes the essential theme of the Jesus'teachings. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        128 - Feminine Embodiment of Divine Wisdom in Judaism and Buddhism
        Maryamsadat Siahpoosh
        Studying about the feminine aspect of God in various religions is one of the topics that has been discussed in feminist theology and it could promotes the status of women in the religious community. One of the important issues in this field is the feminine embodiment of More
        Studying about the feminine aspect of God in various religions is one of the topics that has been discussed in feminist theology and it could promotes the status of women in the religious community. One of the important issues in this field is the feminine embodiment of divine wisdom. This female divine figure has a prominent place in the two religions, namely, Judaism and Buddhism. The embodied feminine wisdom has appeared in Judaism as Hakhma or Shekhina and in Buddhism as Prajnaparamita. Since these religions are known as the oldest and most popular religions in the world, it is very important to study about the embodied divine wisdom in its feminine form. Moreover, the impact of this issue on the religious community has been cleared. This research tries to discuss the evolution of this concept in these two religious traditions, its dimensions and social function. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        129 - The Concept of Heart in the Orthodox Christian Mysticism
        سید نادر محمدزاده
        In this article the concept of "heart", a central doctrine in OrthodoxChristian mysticism, will be studied. Heart is the center of humanexistence, in which all practical, intellectual and voluntary abilities arerooted. The entire spiritual life, and even physical life, More
        In this article the concept of "heart", a central doctrine in OrthodoxChristian mysticism, will be studied. Heart is the center of humanexistence, in which all practical, intellectual and voluntary abilities arerooted. The entire spiritual life, and even physical life, is based on theheart. Therefore, on the one hand, in the body heart is the center ofphysical life, and on the other, it is the center of spiritual life which isinterpreted as "the way" or "path". So according to the Orthodoxmysticism, the spiritual endeavor is a journey to deep heart stage,which is the place of the presence of Trinity. The aim of this journey isto realize the Kingdom of Heavens in the depths of the heart, and toexperience the vision of God and Divine similitude (theosis ordeification). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        130 - The Book of Daniel as an Apocalyptic Literature: Features and Symbols
        Fatemeh Maghsoudian Leila Hooshangi Azadeh Rezaei
        The Bible, as a literary work, has a variety of literary genres that one of their most important genres is called “apocalyptic genre. The book of Daniel, writing at the end of second century BC, is known as one of the earliest Jewish apocalypses which like other a More
        The Bible, as a literary work, has a variety of literary genres that one of their most important genres is called “apocalyptic genre. The book of Daniel, writing at the end of second century BC, is known as one of the earliest Jewish apocalypses which like other apocalyptic writings has an unknown writer (Pseudonymity). One of the important feature of apocalyptic writing is symbolic expression which includes subjects such as the cosmogony, eschatology, prophesizing the world catastrophes, the resurrection, the final judgment of man and of the world. The present study is seeking to point to background of this research considering the importance of apocalyptic literature in Bible studies. Also this article seeks to point to introduce and express the characteristics of these genre and examine the common general forms and contents of the apocalypses. Moreover specially pay attention to the symbols of the Book of Daniel to the roots and uses in other Hebrew and non-Hebrew literature. This book is one of wisdom books which has been written for teaching wisdoms and moral values. Thus, such texts attract the readers to think more about symbolic concept of them. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        131 - Evaluation of Some Mineral Elements and Heavy Metals in Rapeseed, Alfalfa, and Spinach after Irrigation with Different Levels of Domestic Waste water
        Hamid Mozafari Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Jahanfar Daneshian
        Introduction: Some mineral elements and heavy metals such as cadmium and lead if consumed regularly for a long period might be quite harmful to human health. In order to investigate the effects of domestic waste water on some mineral elements and heavy metals three plan More
        Introduction: Some mineral elements and heavy metals such as cadmium and lead if consumed regularly for a long period might be quite harmful to human health. In order to investigate the effects of domestic waste water on some mineral elements and heavy metals three plants namely rapeseed, alfalfa, and spinach were selected and the experimental works were carried out at research station at Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, in the year 2011.Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented. Experimental factors including irrigation water with different degrees of pollution in four-level including the control were applied to rapeseed, alfalfa, and spinach plants.Results: The results indicated that there was significant differences between mineral elements namely potassium, phosphorus and sodium and the concentrations of these elements were highest in the plants that were irrigated with domestic waste water as compared to the control. The concentrations of cadmium and lead did not show significant differences among the sample examined.Conclusion: Irrigation with refined domestic waste water increased mineral elements such as sodium, potassium and phosphorus however significant differences were not observed among heavy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        132 - Identification of Native Bacteria of Soil Contaminated with Oil Compounds in Mahshahr Petrochemical Special Economic Zone
        sana rasuli Morteza Kashefi Alasl Reza Marandi Mozhgan Emtiazjou Mozhgan Zaeimdar
        10.22034/jest.2020.35538.4246
        Background and Objective: The spread of soil oil pollution in the present era due to the use of fossil fuels in industrial areas has adverse effects on human and the environment. In this study we identified native bacteria from oil-contaminated soils to be used to reduc More
        Background and Objective: The spread of soil oil pollution in the present era due to the use of fossil fuels in industrial areas has adverse effects on human and the environment. In this study we identified native bacteria from oil-contaminated soils to be used to reduce hydrocarbon contaminants. Method: First, in order to identify and isolate native bacteria in the region, sampling of soils contaminated with petroleum compounds was done in six stations located in Mahshahr Petrochemical Special Economic Zone. Bacterial growth was performed in neutrite broth liquid media. Neutrite agar medium was used to culture bacteria and achieve single colony in solid medium. DNA was extracted to identify bacterial species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Soil physical and chemical properties were measured to estimate the conditions of the area according to the standard method. Findings: The results of isolation and growth of bacteria and purification, and finally polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing indicated the presence of two bacterial species in six different stations with a similarity of more than 95% according to the global ranking. According to the results, the percentage of TPH removal in the field by Peseudomons Aeruginosa and Bacillus Nakamurai was 53.50% and, 33.05%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion:  Due to the ability of these species to remove TPH, they can be suggested as suitable native species for this region in the removal of contaminated soils.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        133 - Investigating the Probability of Water Coolers Contamination with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in a number of Tehran Hospitals
        Samaneh Abdi Andrabi Reza Haji Seyed Mohammad Shirazi Seyed Amir Ali Anvar Maryam Ataee
        10.22034/jest.2019.41667.4544
        Background and Objective: Evaluation of the probability of water cooler contamination in hospitals to determine the water quality has important role in social safty. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is considered as an opportunistic pathogen, since it is possible to grow with min More
        Background and Objective: Evaluation of the probability of water cooler contamination in hospitals to determine the water quality has important role in social safty. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa is considered as an opportunistic pathogen, since it is possible to grow with minimal nutritional requirements, it can grow in water bodies containing very little food such as tap water. This ability has led to their continuous presence in the hospital environment. The main objective of this study was to determine the rate of contamination in few of Tehran's hospitals water-cooling devices in terms of contamination with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Method: This is an experimental study and the stages of work were based on observation and test in the laboratory. Water samples were sampled in two seasons (autumn and winter) in 100 samples from five hospitals in different regions of Tehran. At first, the samples were transferred to the laboratory in a compartment filled with ice gel at 4 °C, and then the tubes containing different media were kept in an incubator at 37 °C for 24 to 48 hours. Then, the samples were examined for nutritional needs in terms of growth rate, carbohydrate usage by possible bacteria through oxidation or fermentation, glucose fermentation pathways, and determination of the bacterial power in the use of citrate, the presence of enzyme oxidase and catalase, the presence or absence of Enterobacteriaceae species and Salmonella was examined using culture media and specific tests. Data analysis was done descriptively using excel and SPSS software. Findings: As a result of the research Bacillus species were identified. Also, in the tested specimens, pseudomonas susceptible to Aeruginosa species and the suspected alcaligenes species of Faecalis were also identified. Discussion &Conclusion: The temperature has a significant effect on the growth of the Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, and a high temperature of 37 °C leads to the increase in growth rate, and in low temperature of 4 °C during sunlight in cold weather (autumn and winter), the bacteria could not be detected in water coolers Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        134 - The Investigation of Effect of Soil Moisture and Temperature on Crude Oil Bioremediation by Pseudomonas Putida
        Akbar Ghavidel Sumayyah Naji rad Hossein Ali Alikhani
        10.30495/jest.2018.23483.3262
        Background and Objective: Bioremediation is an approach that exploits the ability of microorganisms to increase the rate and extent of degradation of pollutants and thereby removing pollutants from the environment. The moisture content and temperature are of the main en More
        Background and Objective: Bioremediation is an approach that exploits the ability of microorganisms to increase the rate and extent of degradation of pollutants and thereby removing pollutants from the environment. The moisture content and temperature are of the main environmental factors affecting growth and activity of microorganisms and accordingly affecting the efficiency of organic pollutant biodegradation.Method: To study the effect of these two factors a factorial experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with three replications. The factors were moisture in three levels (30%, 55% and 80% of Field Capacity), temperature in three levels (25, 30 and 35 degrees of Celsius) and inoculation with bacteria in two levels (with and without inoculation by Pseudomonas putida) which were triplicated.Findings: The results showed that highest biodegradation rate was observed in the treatment with the moisture content of 55% F.C, temperature of 30 degrees of Celsius and inoculation with Pseudomonas putida which was 92.8% and the lowest biodegradation rate was observed in the treatment with the moisture of 30% F.C, temperature of 30 degrees of Celsius and without inoculation which was 42.3%.Discussion and Conclusion: These results shows that the optimization of the environmental conditions in bioremediation process may lead to 50.5% increase in the efficiency of removal. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        135 - The Role of Domestic Judicial Authorities in Recognition and Guarantee of Intergenerational Justice as an Essential Element of Sustainable Development
        Tavakol habibzadeh keivan eghbali Amir panahandeh Somarin
        10.30495/jest.2022.58445.5277
        In recent decades, growing inequality in the world and the worrying destruction of the environment have forced governments to reconsider the formulation and implementation of development plans. The outcome is the concept of sustainable development that entails a process More
        In recent decades, growing inequality in the world and the worrying destruction of the environment have forced governments to reconsider the formulation and implementation of development plans. The outcome is the concept of sustainable development that entails a process in which desirability and available possibilities are not diminished over time and a kind of distributive justice requires a fair distribution of development opportunities between current and future generations as one of the most important development goals. Meanwhile, taking into acount that the judiciary is considered as the main guarantor of justice in any society, in this study, using a descriptive and analitical method, the role and the position of judiciary authorities in considering the necessity of the observance of intergenerational justice in the advancment any national or local development program and as a result the commitment to observe the considerations related to this dimension of justice is analized. In this regard, the review of judicial procedure in the courts of some countries indicates that these authorities can play a key role in recognising and ensuring justice between the present and future generations during the codification and the implementation of development plans, as the main goal of the sustainable development. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        136 - Tree Cover detection through Maxlike Classification of Land sat ETM + Images of the Year 2001 in Golestan Province
        Aborasoul Salman Mahini Azadeh Nadali Jahangir Feghhi Borhan Riazi
        Sparse vegetation gives rise to increased overland water flow، soil erosion، water pollution and decreased soil fertility. Golestan Province has witnessed a relatively extensive forest clearing during recent years causing intensified flooding. We used ETM+ land sat imag More
        Sparse vegetation gives rise to increased overland water flow، soil erosion، water pollution and decreased soil fertility. Golestan Province has witnessed a relatively extensive forest clearing during recent years causing intensified flooding. We used ETM+ land sat imagery to classify forest cover of the Golestan Province using Max like classification and assessed its accuracy. Land uses and land covers were distinguished on the color composite images of the area and used as training sites for image classification that included all six bands of the imagery. We also used an ISO-Cluster unsupervised classification to derive 100 clusters for purifying initial training sites. Accuracy assessment was implemented through test set pixels that were randomized and set aside from the training set pixels. We also used a LISS III imagery to assess the accuracy of the classification. Our assessment proved the classification to be of high accuracy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        137 - The Comparative Study of telluride removal by a moderately halophilous bacterium, Halomonas elongate, a halotolerant bacterium, Enterococcus faecalis and a non-halophilous bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
        Zeynab Sadat Motesharrei Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
        Halophilous, halotolerant and non-halophilous microorganisms have important roles in bioremediation and transformation of toxic metal compounds in polluted environments. Identification of toxic metal-tolerant strains and their removal patterns are the first steps of app More
        Halophilous, halotolerant and non-halophilous microorganisms have important roles in bioremediation and transformation of toxic metal compounds in polluted environments. Identification of toxic metal-tolerant strains and their removal patterns are the first steps of applying them in the bioremediation processes. In the current study, telluride removal in three moderately halophilous, halotolerant and non-halophilous bacteria, Halomonas elongate DSM 2581, Enterococcus faecalis PTCC1237 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PTCC1074, respectively, and the effects of selenooxyanions and arsenate on this removal, were determined by means of a colorimetric method using di-ethyl thio-carbamate. The strains H. elongate, E. faecalis and Ps. aeruginosa showed the maximum MIC to telluride as 0.25, 8 and 0.25 mM, respectively. In halophilous microorganism, H. elongata, selenooxyanions had a positive effect on increasing the telluride resistance, since K-telluride plus 25 mM  Na-Selenite or Na-selenate were added together into the medium, tolerance to telluride was increased from 0.25 mM to 18 mM and from 0.25 mM to 3 mM, respectively , telluride tolerance in halotolerant strain ,E. faecalis, in the presence of 25 mM Se (IV) or 5 mM Se (VI) or 0.1 mM As (V) was increased and reached to 80 mM , 16 mM and 16 mM , respectively,but in Non-halophilous bacterium, Ps. aeruginosa adding 25 mM Se (IV) or 5 mM Se (VI) or 5 mM As (V) did not cause increasing of MIC of telluride. The ability of halophilous strain to telluride removal was increased in comparison of control condition (medium containing of just telluride) by 48/21% and 25.74% , when 0.1 mM Te(IV) plus 50 mM Se (IV) or 1 mM Se (VI) was used respectively. 0.2 mM Te (IV) plus 1 mM Se (IV) or 1 mM Se (VI) or 0.1 mM As (V) in E. faecalis can give rise 2.2% , 7.33%  and 75% increase in Telluride removal, as well. The most positive effect of Selenite and Selenate in Telluride removal was observed in              H. elongata and the lowest of it was observed in E. faecalis. A unique characteristic of E. faecalis in removing of Tellurite by 75% in the presence of Arsenate was the thing which observed only in E. faecalis but not in two other bacteria studied here. In the case of P. aeruginosa, 8 mM Se (IV) or 1 mM Se (VI) plus 0.1 mM Te (IV) can also cause higher increase in telluride removal by 34.35% and 11.82%, respectively. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) studies and scanning transmission electron microscopy examination using an EDS analysis system, demonstrated that the black and red deposits formed in bacterial cells, was metallic tellurium and selenium Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        138 - Tree Cover detection through Maxlike Classification of Land sat ETM + Images of the Year 2001 in Golestan Province
        Abdorrasoul Salman Mahini Azade Nadali Jahangir i Feghhi Borhan Riyazi
        Sparse vegetation gives rise to increased overland water flow, soil erosion, water pollution and decreased soil fertility. Golestan Province has witnessed a relatively extensive forest clearing during recent years causing intensified flooding.  We used ETM+ land sa More
        Sparse vegetation gives rise to increased overland water flow, soil erosion, water pollution and decreased soil fertility. Golestan Province has witnessed a relatively extensive forest clearing during recent years causing intensified flooding.  We used ETM+ land sat imagery to classify forest cover of the Golestan Province using Max like classification and assessed its accuracy. Land uses and land covers were distinguished on the color composite images of the area and used as training sites for image classification that included all six bands of the imagery. We also used an ISO-Cluster unsupervised classification to derive 100 clusters for purifying initial training sites. Accuracy assessment was implemented through test set pixels that were randomized and set aside from the training set pixels. We also used a LISS III imagery to assess the accuracy of the classification. Our assessment proved the classification to be of high accuracy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        139 - The Effect of Urbanization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the OIC Member States (Application of STIRPAT Model)
        Hossein Panahi Behzad Salmani Seyed Ali Aleemran
        10.22034/jest.2017.10629
        Background and Objective: Although urbanization is often discussed in the context of economic modernization, however, it is a demographic indicator that increases urban density and transforms the organization of human behavior and thereby influences household energy use More
        Background and Objective: Although urbanization is often discussed in the context of economic modernization, however, it is a demographic indicator that increases urban density and transforms the organization of human behavior and thereby influences household energy use patterns. Accordingly, using panel data approach and STIRPAT mode, this study examines the effect of urbanization on carbon dioxide emission in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation member states. Methods: This research is doing a causal-analysis by using panel data over the period of 2000 to 2010 for the 4-3 selected Organization of Islamic Cooperation countries. Findings: Our results indicate that, coefficient of all variable of the model has been expected based on theoretical and are statistically significant. So that, one percent increase in urbanization, Gross Domestic Product per capita and energy intensity, rises carbon dioxide emissions  by 0.57, 0.74 and 0.55 percent  respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Given the positive impact of urbanization, Gross Domestic Product per capita and energy intensity variables on carbon dioxide emissions, it is recommended that the Organization of Islamic Cooperation members, reduce air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions through optimizing energy consumption and increasing the usage of new energy source, that generate less pollution and efficient energy consumption in the production and promotion of production energy and technology distribution in countries, realization the price of energy, promotion the technical and environmental standards of industrial production, increasing energy efficiency and expanding environment cultural and providing appropriate substrates and rural development. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        140 - Diversity of Vegetation in Pardisan Forest Park and Climatic Adaptation of its Dominant Species in the Region
        Nematollah khorasani Farideh Atabi Maryam Afashari
        Background and Objective: The relation between a climate and its vegetation cover is a function of special condition. Climate is considered as one of important ecologic factors and has the most important effect on quality and quantity of vegetation cases. Selection of p More
        Background and Objective: The relation between a climate and its vegetation cover is a function of special condition. Climate is considered as one of important ecologic factors and has the most important effect on quality and quantity of vegetation cases. Selection of plants per improvement and recovery of each region should be simple implemented  based on the knowledge of that region concentration of special species of each region is determined by three factors namely temperature, precipitation and humidity, which today are named as biological variables. The goal of this study was to investigate diversity of vegetation in Pardisan forest park and climatic adaptation of its dominant species in the region. Method: In this research by collection of tremendous species of vegetation coverage of Pardisan Park, preliminary recognition of vegetation cover and collection of information such as their names, growth forms, dispersion and application in the land landscape was done. Given the Pardisan Park management didn't have any statistical data of the numeral and position of hand planted plants. The general location and areas of prevailing species of the park was determined and was marked on the map of the park by using GIS software. The frequency of each gens and of each family were ordered by each software. In next step after getting the information and statistics and the values of climate logical parameters related to geophysical station from meteorological organization, we studied them and analyzed their relation to the survival of prevailing species of the park. Results: Climatology and ambrotermic diagrams and curves were plotted based on climatic parameters and finally echo gram curves of dominant vegetation cover of Pardisan Park were analyzed based on climatology parameters. Conclusion: Results show that, given that there is no significant difference in the micro climate of different areas of the park, factors such as microclimate, soil, direction and amount of access of plants to water resources play the most important role in the diversity of vegetation even of Pardisan forest park. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        141 - Vermicomposting of Domestic Waste Using Eisenia Foetida Erathworm
        Mohammad Ali Abduli Mabubeh Hadipour Mehdi Jalili Ghazizade Hossein Ali Asgharnia
        Background: The high percentage of putrescible materials in generated waste in Iran, in one hand, and lack of proper lands for sanitary landfilling of waste (specially in the northern parts of the country), in the other hand, along with problems of collection, transport More
        Background: The high percentage of putrescible materials in generated waste in Iran, in one hand, and lack of proper lands for sanitary landfilling of waste (specially in the northern parts of the country), in the other hand, along with problems of collection, transportation and disposal of waste all make it necessary to think about vermicompost method as an efficient technique for disposal of organic waste. Method: The present study aims to investigate the degradation of domestic waste using specific earthworm ‘Eisenia foetida’. For this purpose, a wooden pilot including three floors was designed. Length, width and height of the pilot were 45, 25 and 65 cm respectively. Then 500 earthworms were collected manually and put on created media in the pilot. The domestic waste was added every week to the pilot, and after 60 days the compost was taken out. Finally, the important parameters in the produced compost were analyzed in the laboratory. Results: The result shows that providing proper situations like temperature range of 20-30 °C and moisture range of 60-75% and also appropriate aeration can lead to creation of a suitable place for the growth of earthworms and consequently conversion of organic wastes to rich compost. The ratio of C/N in the produced vermicompost was 14.53 (range of C/N is 10-20). Conclusion: One of the other advantages of this method is that it can also be used for increasing the earthworms as a food resource for domesticated animals and aquatic creatures.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        142 - Isolation and characterization Anthracene degrading Gram negative bacteria from water and sediment contaminanted by these compounds
        Farshid Kafilzade Somaye behzadi shahrbabak
        Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)form a group of compound compused of two or more fused aromatic rings that are carcinogen and mutagenic for human and animals. thay are formed by the incomplete combustion of organic matter and fossil fuel. PAHs are released into t More
        Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)form a group of compound compused of two or more fused aromatic rings that are carcinogen and mutagenic for human and animals. thay are formed by the incomplete combustion of organic matter and fossil fuel. PAHs are released into the environment from way waste water of factories producting Coke,oil,s refineries and industrials that use from very high temperatures,also these compounds are primary substance producting cosmetics,polymers,high explosive,fertilizer,colours and etc,that transfer to environment when used. Today biodegradation of PAHs by microorganisms is the best way for fending these contamination and because bacteria have variety enzymes, hence thay are the best microorganism. Anthracene is tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, solid and Phenanthrene isomer. Anthracene is major source colours such Anthrakinon and Alizarin. Anthracene is formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. In this paper,we isolate anthracene degrading Gram negative bacteria from Maharlu lake.samples of lake,s sediments and water were collected from four sites in Maharlu lake. Samples filtered and cultured in Mineral medium that include inorganic compound, trace element and anthracene. Post of sequential cultures in specialized medium and employed biochemical tests, isolated gram negative bacteria and identified species and genus.The bacteria include Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Nocardia, Aeromonas, Mycobacterium isolated and characterized as anthracene degrading bacteria from lake.Among these bacteria the most bacteria was in Khoshk river,s estury and the least was in lake,s center.Whereas Pseudomonas have the most dispersal,can used as anthracene degrading indicator species. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        143 - The difference between dimensions fractal and Fractal random walks of return index and future fall risk and systematic risk in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Amir hosein Abdolmaleki mohsen hamidian ali baghani
        Financial markets can be evaluated as dynamic nonlinear systems that consider the interactions of factors in the process of immediate information analysis. Investors with different time horizons in the market may use this information differently. Thus, the financial mar More
        Financial markets can be evaluated as dynamic nonlinear systems that consider the interactions of factors in the process of immediate information analysis. Investors with different time horizons in the market may use this information differently. Thus, the financial market has a fractal structure in relation to investment time horizons. This research is of applied type and of post-event type; the method research is applicable and run based on past information. The statistical population of the study includes all companies listed in the Iranian capital market during the period 2008-2018. In this study, after calculating the fractal dimension of the experimental group using ARFIMA model and the fractal dimension and simulated Fractal random walks group using RUN test, the difference between these two dimensions in price index, return, future fall risk and systematic risk is investigated. Data analysis was performed in both 5-year and 10-year intervals using EVIEWS and SPSS software and the results indicate that the difference between dimensions fractal and f simulated Fractal random walks of the return index and the risk of future and systematic stock falls in short-term intervals means and is not significant in the long-term Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        144 - The Effect of Shockes of Selected Domestic and Foreign Markets on the Volatilities of Investment Return in Tehran Stock Exchange: DCC-FIAPARCH Model
        Leila Argha Mohammad Mowlaei Abolfazl Shahabadi Mohsen Khezri
        One of the features of a financial market, the stock market in particular, is its affectability from other financial and non-financial markets. regarding the importance of this issue, the present study aimed at investigating the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) bet More
        One of the features of a financial market, the stock market in particular, is its affectability from other financial and non-financial markets. regarding the importance of this issue, the present study aimed at investigating the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) between the returns on the domestic and foreign assets in monthly data (oil, industry, exchange and base metals including total, copper, steel) and returns on the stock price index in Iran during March 2001 to April 2017 using the DCC-FIAPARCH approach. The obtained results indicated a statistically significant and positive DCC coefficient difference between the metals, industrial products, and copper returns with the stocks returns. Consequently, it is not possible to put each of these assets with the stocks in an identical situation (purchase or sale), but instead they should be always placed in opposite situations for the purpose of risk control. However, with regard to other assets, the DCC was not significant; accordingly, the assets can be placed in the investment portfolio together with the stocks although the presence of such assets in the given portfolio did not help to reduce the portfolio risk. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        145 - Designing an economic pattern of buying in-house goods with an emphasis on customer motivational categories (Studied by the automotive industry)
        Rozita Dadkhah Ali Hajiha kambiz Heidarzadeh Hossein vazifehdust
        Abstract: Due to the importance and position of the automobile industry in Iran, the main purpose of this research is to design an economic model of purchasing domestically produced goods with an emphasis on customer motivational categories. The present study was a qual More
        Abstract: Due to the importance and position of the automobile industry in Iran, the main purpose of this research is to design an economic model of purchasing domestically produced goods with an emphasis on customer motivational categories. The present study was a qualitative study with 33 market experts, university professors and clients selected based on snowball sampling and based on open, axial and selective coding in 9 main categories. The validity of the data triangulation method and the peer review and reliability of the two transition codes have been investigated and the results indicate that causal conditions such as (looking at the external car as a social status) influence the motivation of buying domestic cars and strategies. Important for motivating customers to buy domestic cars (informing and influencing advertising on their customers' minds) and intervening conditions (international sanctions) affect these strategies and have consequences (development and economic growth). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        146 - Design and explanation of stock price forecasting model in the real estate companies's stock in the Tehran Stock Exchange using Stochastic Process
        hossein ojaghi Zadaleh Fathi Mehrzad Minouie
        The present study has designed and explained the stock price forecasting model using stochastic processes. The statistical population of the study is all companies of the mass real estate industry in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 1390 to 1398. Data were analyzed in Evi More
        The present study has designed and explained the stock price forecasting model using stochastic processes. The statistical population of the study is all companies of the mass real estate industry in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 1390 to 1398. Data were analyzed in Eviews10 and MATLAB software. Predicting stock price behavior and the whole industry index by autoregressive methods and moving average in terms of random processes showed that the explained pattern can not be used to predict stock price behavior but in some random steps, the forecasting error was negligible. Regarding the forecast of stock price behavior, the last three steps of the process, winter have a significant effect on stock price forecast; But the first step has a significant effect on predicting the behavior of the industry index. In the first steps, the error of predicting the behavior of the industry index is very small and the explained model can be used to predict the behavior of the index in the first months of the year. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        147 - Investigating the Impact of Financial Freedom and Investment on Tax Evasion: A Quantile Regression Approach
        Naser Yousefnezhad Ali Akbar Farzinfar Hossein jabbari mehdi safari griyly Hasan Ghodrati
        Taxes play a key role in combining government revenues and can help governments achieve the three goals of resource allocation, revenue distribution, and economic stability. There are several factors that affect tax evasion, one of the most important of which is the ope More
        Taxes play a key role in combining government revenues and can help governments achieve the three goals of resource allocation, revenue distribution, and economic stability. There are several factors that affect tax evasion, one of the most important of which is the openness of markets (financial freedom and freedom of investment). Therefore, in this study, the effect of financial freedoms and investment on tax evasion in the period 2000-2020 has been studied using the quantitative regression method. The results of model estimation show that higher monetary freedom (low inflation), financial freedom and investment freedom have negative, positive and negative effects on tax evasion, respectively. Also, the impact of property rights on tax evasion is negative and significant, and the guarantee of personal property by the government has reduced the rate of tax evasion. In addition, rule of law also has a significant negative impact on tax evasion. Because the rule of law is high, it increases people's confidence in the strict implementation of laws, especially tax laws, and reduces the possibility of tax evasion. At the significance level of 5%, the impact of government spending and the agricultural sector share variable (percentage of GDP) on tax evasion was positive but not statistically significant. In contrast, the effect of religion (percentage of Muslim population) and unemployment rate on tax evasion are negative, positive and significant, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        148 - Optimal short-term prediction of initial supply yields using bat and random forest algorithms
        hosein rostamkhani behroz khodarahmi Azita Jahanshad
        The purpose of this study is to predict short-term stock returns in initial public offerings using random bat and forest algorithms. In this study, companies that were listed on the OTC market of Iran for the first time during the period 1394 to 1399 were selected as a More
        The purpose of this study is to predict short-term stock returns in initial public offerings using random bat and forest algorithms. In this study, companies that were listed on the OTC market of Iran for the first time during the period 1394 to 1399 were selected as a statistical sample. MATLAB software was used to analyze the data. Two scenarios were proposed to test the hypotheses. The first scenario was considered as annual and the second scenario as 6 years. Financial data with 11 factors: short-term market return, short-term return on new stock, market trends, company age, company size, annual sales, return on assets, return on equity, initial public offering price, operating profit, Cash flow from operations as influential factors and excess return of the offered share relative to the influential operating market entered the algorithms as input assumptions to predict the optimal amount. The results obtained from the bat algorithm indicate that the bat algorithm was able to provide better performance in predicting short-term stock returns in initial public offering in both scenarios and is not much different. While the results of accuracy in predicting the random forest algorithm in the second scenario compared to the first scenario has increased by about 12%. It can be concluded that the use of emerging bat and jungle algorithms in predicting short-term returns can help investors in predicting maximum returns and selecting the best stocks based on a precise and accurate pattern. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        149 - Modeling the financial behavior of momentum and random investors in crisis situations: Qualitative analysis based on grounded theory
        Fatemeh Jafari Reza Aghajan Nashtaei Mohammadhasan Gholizadeh
        The main purpose of this study is to provide a model to explain the financial behavior of momentum and random investors. The research was conducted qualitatively with grounded theory technique. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The statistical popu More
        The main purpose of this study is to provide a model to explain the financial behavior of momentum and random investors. The research was conducted qualitatively with grounded theory technique. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The statistical population of the current research is active investors in the stock exchange in the period from 1399 to 1401. In this regard, 16 interviews with momentum investors and 8 interviews with random investors were conducted according to the research topic. Then, based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin's theories, in three main steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding, the financial behavior model of momentum and random investors was presented. The results of coding interviews with momentum investors have shown that the behavior of this group of investors has often been based on risk-return analysis and fundamental and technical analysis. Financial advisors are sometimes consulted, focusing on capital management and portfolio diversity. Although they sometimes engage in emotional behaviors, these behaviors are not predominant and they mostly try to behave rationally. While random investors, on the other hand, benefit less from these analyzes and consider only financial knowledge and investment literacy important. This group is more prone to emotional behaviors, especially mass behaviors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        150 - Predicting the factors affecting on the transfer (Migration) of value Firms with financial health in the Tehran Stock Exchange by using the nonlinear algorithm of random forest
        Majid Rahmani Zadalh Fathi Mir Feiz Fallahshams
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the transfer (migration) of value companies with financial health in the Tehran Stock Exchange and provide a model in this regard. In order to make better decisions and also to innovate, this research More
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the transfer (migration) of value companies with financial health in the Tehran Stock Exchange and provide a model in this regard. In order to make better decisions and also to innovate, this research was conducted only on companies that have financial health based on the Black, Scholes and Merton model. The statistical population of this study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange between 2012-2019. So we have used all the eligible companies. Therefore, we have used all the eligible companies; in general, 701 healthy companies have been used in this research. First portfolios were formed in the years 2012 to 2019 and then value shares were identified between different years.The present study provides a model for predicting stock value transfer using a nonlinear algorithm of random forests. Based on the results, it can be acknowledged that using historical information; we can suggest factors for modeling the value transfer. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        151 - The Effect of Uncertainty of Macroeconomic Indices on Tehran Stock Exchange Returns with the Approach of Randomized Fluctuations Models with Time Variations
        Samaneh Tarighi Taghi Torabi Farhad Ghaffari Abbas Memarnezhad
        One of the most important tasks of the financial economy is modeling and forecasting of the price volatility of risky assets. For analysts and policymakers, price volatility is a key variable that helps to understand market fluctuations. Therefore, the analysts need to More
        One of the most important tasks of the financial economy is modeling and forecasting of the price volatility of risky assets. For analysts and policymakers, price volatility is a key variable that helps to understand market fluctuations. Therefore, the analysts need to be able to predict the correctness of price volatility as an essential input for tasks such as risk management, portfolio assignment, value at risk and transaction option pricing and future contracts. Accordingly, in the present research, return on stocks of Tehran Stock Exchange has been dealt with using PLS and TVP-SV models and its comparison with OLS method in MATLAB and XLSTAT software from March 2003 till August 2013 (monthly) using true variables (industrial output, real estate investment in housing, economic growth, government spending share in GDP and Non-oil exports growth rate) and monetary variables (inflation, money supply, exchange rate, oil price and domestic price of gold). Based on PLS model, the result was that the variables of economic growth and oil price have more influence of return of Tehran Stock Exchange in comparison with other variables. Then, we entered the variables of economic growth and oil price in TVP-SV model. Based on the results, TVP-SV model has more efficiency in comparison with OLS model. Based on the results of TVP-SV model after the first interruption of stock returns, the economic growth has the highest effect on stock returns. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        152 - Empirically examining of the effect of week days on future contracts market of Bahar Azadi Coin in Tehran Merchandise Exchange
        Peyman Tataee Jalal Seifoddini Emad Ahmadipour Leila Azadi
        This study empirically examined the effect of week days on future contracts of Bahar Azadi Coin in Iran Merchandise Exchange. We used the classic Linear Autoregressive and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) to show that there isn't a stand More
        This study empirically examined the effect of week days on future contracts of Bahar Azadi Coin in Iran Merchandise Exchange. We used the classic Linear Autoregressive and Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) to show that there isn't a standard pattern for the return of future contracts of Bahar Azadi Coin. Also, we presented that the daily return of future contracts depended on previous day and even the day before. Thus we concluded that the prices didn't follow "Random Walk" phenomenon in the future market of Bahar Azadi Coin and we couldn’t find any evidence for market information efficiency in weak level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        153 - Fractal Analysis of Tehran Stock Exchange Index With RS Method
        Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Parham Pedram
        This paper deals with this issue, which can be summarized as the conflict between randomness and determinism. On the one hand, there are market analysts who feel that the market is perfectly deterministic; on the other, there is a group who feel that the market is compl More
        This paper deals with this issue, which can be summarized as the conflict between randomness and determinism. On the one hand, there are market analysts who feel that the market is perfectly deterministic; on the other, there is a group who feel that the market is completely random. We will see that there is a possibility that both are right to a limited extent. But what comes out of these partial truths is quite different from the outcome either group expects. We will use R/S analysis, or rescaled range analysis. R/S analysis can distinguish fractal from other types of time series, revealing the self-similar statistical structure. This structure fits a theory of market structure called the Fractal Market Hypothesis.. This reconciliation ties directly into the concept of  local randomness and global determinism. One of the most important area that we focun on is capital market distributions. capital markets are not well described by the normal distribution and random walk theory. Yet, the Efficient Market Hypothesis continues to the dominant paradigm for how the markets work. Standard statistical analysis begins by assuming that the system under study is primarily random; that is, the causal process that created the time series has many component parts, or degrees of freedom, and the interaction of those components is so complex that a deterministic explanation is not possible. Only probabilities can help us understand and take advantage of the process. The underlying philosophy implies that randomness and determinism cannot coexist. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        154 - Selection of optimal portfolio by using improved Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm and Evolutionary Algorithm Strength Pareto By taking risk on the basis of conditional value at risk
        Mojtaba Moradi Maryam Ghavidel
        Portfolio selection problem is one of the most important economic issues. The right combination of stock or other asset portfolio is that an investor pays to buy it. Selection of an optimal portfolio is based on the principle that the investor decides to accept one or s More
        Portfolio selection problem is one of the most important economic issues. The right combination of stock or other asset portfolio is that an investor pays to buy it. Selection of an optimal portfolio is based on the principle that the investor decides to accept one or several investments among different investment depending on the tolerance of risk and expected a reasonable amount of stock returns. In this study, improved Non-Dominated Sorting multi-objective genetic algorithms and Evolutionary Algorithm Strength Pareto are used to create an optimum portfolio. These algorithms are improved version of their previous versions and have a better solution than its previous versions. The value of the portfolio and its risk, as optimization purposes and conditional value at risk as the basis risk, have been used. Two applied conditions consider to Portfolio and shown that the Evolutionary Algorithm Strength Pareto‌ has better results than the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II.       Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        155 - Empirical analysis of fractal dimensions on cash return and price indices of listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange
        Shokrollah Khajavi Hadi Abdi Taleb Beigi
        The goal of this research is to empirical analyzing fractal dimensions on cash return and price indices of listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange. To have access to this goal, cash return and price indices of Tehran Stock Exchange were studied. Statistical sample of More
        The goal of this research is to empirical analyzing fractal dimensions on cash return and price indices of listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange. To have access to this goal, cash return and price indices of Tehran Stock Exchange were studied. Statistical sample of research includes cash return and price indices during period 1382 to 1391. Using R/S analysis and Hurst exponent, this research surveys the cash return and price time series being stochastic. To study the stochastic time series and differentiating from time series are not stochastic, R/S analysis is used as an efficient nonlinear method. Distribution type disrelation is the most important advantage of R/S analysis. Results of research show that, cash return and price indices time series are not stochastic and have a long-memory. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        156 - The Study of Mean reversion in Tehran Stock Exchange with unit root test
        Hossein Karbasi Yazdi Yadollah Noorifard Hassan Chenari Bouket
        Financial Scientists have always been eager to distinguish between whether the price series could be random walk (unit root) or mean reversion processes. Random walk means that accruing shocks to the stock price have permanent impacts and prices don't revert to their pr More
        Financial Scientists have always been eager to distinguish between whether the price series could be random walk (unit root) or mean reversion processes. Random walk means that accruing shocks to the stock price have permanent impacts and prices don't revert to their previous trend path. In efficient market, the stock  return couldn't be predicted using previous price variation. However, efficient market hypothesis is under question because the researchers have provided evidences that reveal some anomalies in stock markets. Mean reversion stock price is one of these anomalies. The purpose of this research is the study of  mean reversion in the period 1380-1389. In line with this research, using unit root test (Dickey Fuller generalized), the phenomenon of mean reversion in the total stock price index, stock price and cash returns index, and the index's top fifty companies were examined. The results of the study indicate that continuous changes in the ‌total stock price index and the index of the top fifty companies follow a random walk process or more words that are not eligible for mean reversion. But the price and cash returns index index the result shows that only 1% error level was confirmed that the mean reversion. Error levels of 5% and 10% of the rest of the process did not follow a random walk and mean reversion confirmed. In general, the performance of the Tehran Stock Exchange Index and fifty top companies indicate But the price and returns index results in poor performance suggests a lack of cash. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        157 - Calendar Effects in the Tehran Stock Exchange Approach to Stochastic Dominance Criteria
        Ali Shayegan Mehr Sima Shayegan Mehr
        The aim of this study is to investigate and identify the effects of calendar weekdays and months of the year on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To attain this goal use the Tehran Stock Exchange index daily returns in the period beginning in 1386 until the end of 1392 and we More
        The aim of this study is to investigate and identify the effects of calendar weekdays and months of the year on the Tehran Stock Exchange. To attain this goal use the Tehran Stock Exchange index daily returns in the period beginning in 1386 until the end of 1392 and we have stochastic dominance criteria for the analysis that due to the non-parametric orientation has certain charm. The results indicated the existence of calendar effects in the Tehran Stock Exchange. On weekdays effects in the Tehran Stock Exchange, in terms of return Saturday dominance on other days and Sunday dominated by other days. The effects of months of the year, in terms of return April dominance on other months and November dominated by other months. Also due to calendar effects identified in the Tehran Stock Exchange, the efficient market hypothesis is rejected in the stock even at low levels. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        158 - Human Development, State and Investment Policies
        yasser Roostaei Hosseinabadi A. Akbar Gorji Azandariani
        Human Development is the last revealed theory in the field of economy of development and according to its founders is subject to spontaneous development in four aspects of political, cultural, economic and societal.   Freedom of access to economic facilities p More
        Human Development is the last revealed theory in the field of economy of development and according to its founders is subject to spontaneous development in four aspects of political, cultural, economic and societal.   Freedom of access to economic facilities played a vital role in economic development and stable policies in economic fields is a canon of above freedom. To this end, State should do its best to provide the best access of citizens to economic facilities. Privatization is a well-known instrument to this end.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        159 - The Role of Securitization in Countries’ Economic Growth and Development (Focus on Need to Deployment of Securitization Market in IRAN)
        Vahid Zandie Saeed Zandie
        In every economic, Securitisation is equally necessary of structured finance markets. The upshot of desired structured Securitisation is to invent marketable securities with better liquidity for financial claims. Securitisation process enables investors to improve their More
        In every economic, Securitisation is equally necessary of structured finance markets. The upshot of desired structured Securitisation is to invent marketable securities with better liquidity for financial claims. Securitisation process enables investors to improve their risk management, to earn better modified returns and to access more liquidity. Debt conversion to a marketable asset, creates the great financial Communications between individual borrowers and vast capital markets. The participants in financial markets include the investors who have different needs to meet their investment goals, continue to comply with their risk and return requirements. Therefore, trenching various risks to credit risk and interest rate risk, prioritizing the investors who enter to securities market with structuring the market, has economic concept. Previous studies have demonstrated the correlation between economic growth and progress of economic freedom indices. In this research, we found that the relationship between development in securitization market and financial freedom is statistically significant in some developed countries. Also, it’s proved that there is positive linear correlation between Islamic Financial Instruments (SUKUK) issuances as structured financing as well as Securitisation and overall economic freedom and/or investment freedom and/or financial freedom in Islamic developing countries. Studying current situation of Securitisation in Iran demonstrated there is relative gap in comparative of objective countries in group of Islamic countries for use of SUKUK, and in the other word, Securitisation, in Islamic financing markets. However, effective proceedings accomplished for deploying Islamic Financial Instruments (SUKUK) markets in Iran, but to achieve economic development, expedition in this deployment is unavoidable necessity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        160 - Comparison of The LBM With the Modified Local Crank-Nicolson Method Solution of Transient Two-Dimensional Non-Linear Burgers Equation
        AR. Haghighi S. Pakrou A. Dadvand
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        161 - Contrast of Homotopy and Adomian Decomposition Methods with Mittage-Leffler ‎F‎unction for Solving Some Nonlinear Fractional Partial Differential ‎Equations‎
        M. Jahanshahi H. Kazemi demneh
        .
        . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        162 - ارائه یک مدل زنجیره تامین سبز چندهدفه چندکالایی تحت شرایط عدم قطعیت
        داوود خدادادیان رضا رادفر عباس طلوعی اشلاقی
        10.30495/ijim.2022.19857
        افزایش آلودگی زیست‌محیطی که موجب گرم شدن کره زمین شده است و برای سلامت انسان و تخریب محیط‌زیست خطرناک است، باعث نگرانی بسیاری از طراحان و مدیران زنجیره تأمین‌شده است. هدف این پژوهش ارائه یک مدل ریاضی برای طراحی خرید، تولید و توزیع در یک شبکه زنجیره تأمین چند سطحی و چند More
        افزایش آلودگی زیست‌محیطی که موجب گرم شدن کره زمین شده است و برای سلامت انسان و تخریب محیط‌زیست خطرناک است، باعث نگرانی بسیاری از طراحان و مدیران زنجیره تأمین‌شده است. هدف این پژوهش ارائه یک مدل ریاضی برای طراحی خرید، تولید و توزیع در یک شبکه زنجیره تأمین چند سطحی و چند محصولی است که تأثیرات زیست‌محیطی و هزینه‌های کلی زنجیره تأمین به حداقل برساند و سطح رضایت مشتری به بالاترین سطح برسد. عدم اطمینان تقاضا به خاطر نامشخص بودن سطح تقاضا به نظر مشکل‌ساز است. با توجه به پیچیدگی مدل ریاضی پیشنهادی و سختی‌های حل مسئله با روش‌های دقیق در اندازه بزرگ، یک NSGA II پیشنهادشده است. برای ارزیابی NSGA II پیشنهادی، 5 نمونه در اندازه‌های مختلف ساخته می‌شود و به‌وسیله روش محدودیت اپسیلون و NSGAII حل می‌شود. بر اساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، NSGA II پیشنهادی یک روش قابل‌اطمینان برای یافتن مرزهای پارتویی کارآمد در زمان قابل‌قبول محسوب می‌شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        163 - A new method to determine a well-dispersed subsets of non-dominated vectors for MOMILP ‎problem
        G. Tohidi SH. Razavian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        164 - A Random Walk with Exponential Travel Times
        R. Kazemi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        165 - Numerical solution of the one dimensional non-linear Burgers equation using the Adomian decomposition method and the comparison between the modified Local Crank-Nicolson method and the VIM exact ‎solution
        AR. Haghighi M. Shojaeifard
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        166 - Set a bi-objective redundancy allocation model to optimize the reliability and cost of the Series-parallel systems using NSGA II ‎problem‎
        M. R. Shahriari‎
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        167 - A new algorithm for solving Van der Pol equation based on piecewise spectral Adomian decomposition ‎method‎
        S. GH Hosseini E. Babolian S. Abbasbandy
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        168 - The spectral iterative method for Solving Fractional-Order Logistic ‎Equation
        A. Shoja‎ E. Babolian A. R. Vahidi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        169 - Well-dispersed subsets of non-dominated solutions for MOMILP ‎problem
        SH. Razavyan
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        170 - Partial Differential Equations applied to Medical Image ‎Segmentation
        B. Bagheri R. Ezzati
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        171 - Solving nonlinear Lane-Emden type equations with unsupervised combined artificial neural networks
        K. Parand Z. Roozbahani F. Bayat Babolghani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        172 - Evaluation of Environmental Efficiency and Shadow Price of Pollutants Determination in Khuzestan Province Meat Livestock
        Habib Shahbazi Zahra Gheitasi
        Background and Objective: The growing environmental problem and then Added cost which create diverse environmental activities, led scientists to modify their efficiency and productivity models with well-liked products and undesirable products effects. Emissions of green More
        Background and Objective: The growing environmental problem and then Added cost which create diverse environmental activities, led scientists to modify their efficiency and productivity models with well-liked products and undesirable products effects. Emissions of greenhouse gases from various sources, especially from agriculture sector, are one of the main causes of environmental pollution.Material and Methodology: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental effecuency and determination of the shadow price of pollutants for meat dairy in Khuzestan province. In this study, 60 samples and a random fronteier production function model have been used by frontier functions using the maximum likelihood method and the FRONTIER econometric software.Findings: Results indicate that the technical efficiency of the meat livestock units of the province is 0.99 which could indicate that meat livestock units have relatively high technical efficiency. Also, the results of environmental efficiency of Khuzestan province meat livestock units have shown that the average environmental efficiency is 0.29. In fact, this level of environmental efficiency shows that meat livestock units in Khuzestan province have relatively low environmental performance.Discussion and Conclusion: In order to prevent inaccurate decisions in the field of management and development of economic activities without concern for environmental issues, planner, policymaker and investors, in addition of technical effciency, should use enviromental efficency as developing criteria of their acivites. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        173 - The most appropriate distance sampling method to determine density and percentage of canopy cover in Juniper forests
        Vahid Alijani Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi Manocher Namiranian Mojtaba Mohamadizadeh
        Juniperus excelsa forests are thinner and have distribution in areas with severe living conditions andcompletely rocky beds. Due to inventories of these forests are hard, costly, and time-consuming,therefore, in this study, the most suitable sampling method was investig More
        Juniperus excelsa forests are thinner and have distribution in areas with severe living conditions andcompletely rocky beds. Due to inventories of these forests are hard, costly, and time-consuming,therefore, in this study, the most suitable sampling method was investigated to determine the density andpercentage of canopy cover in Juniper forests. For this purpose, an area of 15.9 ha of forests in Alborzprovince made an inventory with a full callipering method. The results of full callipering show thatdensity is 61 trees per hectare, and the percentage of canopy is 20.51 in this stand. In the next stage, sitestudy was made an inventory by using seven distance sampling methods (nearest individual method,nearest neighbor method, second nearest neighbor, random pairs method, T-square method, and pointcentered quarter method), density and percentage of canopy were calculated for each method andcompared to Full callipering method. Results show that random pairs method estimated density 58.3 treesper hectare (the difference is -3.79 percent) and T-square method estimated density 62.97 trees perhectare (the difference is +3.91 percent) has less difference in estimating trees density. The random pairsmethod estimated canopy cover 23.4 percent (the difference is 14.09 percent), and is the lowest error toestimate the percentage of the canopy in these forests. According to the specific condition of Juniperforests, using a random pairs method is suggested because it can be easily measured, has less error andsaving time and money. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        174 - Cadmium and Lead Bioavailability Affected by Pseudomonas in Different Textured Soils
        Atiyeh Gharedaghi Shirejini ali khanmirzaei Shekoofeh Rezaei
        Background and Objective: The behavior of heavy metals in the soil as one of the environmental challenges has attracted the attention of many researchers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on remobilization of cadmium (Cd) More
        Background and Objective: The behavior of heavy metals in the soil as one of the environmental challenges has attracted the attention of many researchers. The present study was conducted to evaluate the phosphorus solubilizing bacteria on remobilization of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in two calcareous soils. Material and Methodology: Phosphorus, cadmium and lead in the forms of KH2PO4, Cd(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2 simultaneously were introduced to the soils to promote the formation of phosphate minerals of added metals in two selected soils. Ater two months the soils were inoculated with two Pseudomonas species and incubated for 3 months. Sequential extraction scheme were applied to determine the chemical forms of Cd and Pb 5, 25, 60 and 90 days after incubation. Findings: The results showed that application of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria changed chemical forms of Cd and Pb. Inoculation with Pseudomonas decreased the soluble and exchangeable cadmium while increased organic matter-bound Cd concentration. Inoculation by Pseudomonas increased carbonate-bound Pb and decreased Fe-Mn oxide and organic matter bound Pb. In the other hand, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas) decreased mobility and bio-availability of cadmium and immobilization of lead. Discussion and Conclusion: In fact, the behavior of heavy metals in the presence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria was different and depends on the type of metal and soil properties. In present study, bacteria cause immobilization of cadmium and remobilization of lead. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        175 - Range classification and evaluation using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Normalized Difference Vegetatiosn Index (NDVI) (Case study: Hablehrood subwatershed of shahrabad basin)
        Khadijeh abolfathi Marzieh Alikhah-Asl Mohammad Rezvani
        Evaluation of canopy rate, production, condition and trends of rangeland is important because of their role in preservation of water and soil resources. The aim of this research is to range classification and evaluation of rangelands of some part of Hable rood catchment More
        Evaluation of canopy rate, production, condition and trends of rangeland is important because of their role in preservation of water and soil resources. The aim of this research is to range classification and evaluation of rangelands of some part of Hable rood catchment using Geographical Information System (GIS( and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index .To do it, range classification was done using field work with Physiognomic- Floristic method along with vegetation sampling in a Stratified random sampling form. To define the condition and trends of the rangelands, the methods named four-factor and orientations were used in row. In this research, to increase the accuracy of the border of final vegetation types, land form unit map and composition of land form unit map with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) map were used in ArcGIS 9.3 surrounding and the border of vegetation types were corrected. Land use map is provided using fuzzy method in the ERDAS IMAGINE software, and then, using Normalized Difference Vegetation index and field work, with respect to the canopy density the rangeland were divided to the three classes named dense range, semi dense range and low dense range. The results indicated the separation of for vegetation types. Also, rangeland was divided to the three categories named good, moderate and weak rangeland with respect to the vegetation canopy. The type named Astragalus spp_ Artemisia sieberi has a moderate condition while the 3 other types have weak condition. Also, all of the 4 vegetation types in the studied area have minus trend. Using GIS and vegetation index can be an effective tool in vegetation type and classification with high accuracy Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        176 - A comparative study of common themes in the subject of martyrdom and martyrdom In contemporary Persian and Arabic poems of stability
        zahra alavi ali eshghi sardehi abolghasem amirahmadi
        10.30495/clq.2023.1986152.2560
        Sustainability literature has wide and varied themes, one of the most significant of which is martyrdom. Martyr and martyrdom is a category that is mentioned in most of the holy battles, and many poets speak of the arena of resistance against them. In the religion of Is More
        Sustainability literature has wide and varied themes, one of the most significant of which is martyrdom. Martyr and martyrdom is a category that is mentioned in most of the holy battles, and many poets speak of the arena of resistance against them. In the religion of Islam, this issue is also given great importance, and Islam does not consider those who sacrifice and lose their lives alive in the way of God. Rather, they are the living who rest in the presence of their God. Commemorating and honoring the martyrs of the country who sacrificed their lives to protect the country and religion is also one of the themes of the poetry of Bisandari.This research aims at a comparative study of the concept of martyr and martyrdom in the poems of Iranian and Arab poets. The results of the research show that Iranian and Arab contemporary revolutionary poets have greatly benefited from this concept in their poems, and their poems contain themes related to the martyr and martyrdom, including: praising the status of a martyr, avenging the blood of a martyr, writing a eulogy for him. and the use of symbols. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        177 - A Comparative Study of Political Views of "Mohammad Taghi Bahar" and "Ahmad Shawghi
        ALI SABERI ELAHEh razaghi
        Abstract This research paper is about the political views of Mohammad Taqi Bahar (1330-1265 SSI) and Ahmad Shawghai (1932-1868 AD), two outstanding poets of Persian and Arabic literature in the contemporary period. Both Poets’ expression changed after the industri More
        Abstract This research paper is about the political views of Mohammad Taqi Bahar (1330-1265 SSI) and Ahmad Shawghai (1932-1868 AD), two outstanding poets of Persian and Arabic literature in the contemporary period. Both Poets’ expression changed after the industrial revolution that began in the Language Arts. In this paper, three of their political views, "colonialism", "freedom" and "war" are studied; and at the end, the similarities and differences in their perspectives and their ways of explaining of each topic have been presented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        178 - Comparative Study of Social – Political Satire in Nasim – e Shomal and Ahmed Mattar Poetries
        Kazem Azimi Fatemeh Sepahvand
        Social – political satire is one of the contemporary poetic structures which has been paid attention by scholars and authors during two recent decades. In Persian language Nasim – e Shomal could affect people's soul by applying simple poetic language. Ahmad More
        Social – political satire is one of the contemporary poetic structures which has been paid attention by scholars and authors during two recent decades. In Persian language Nasim – e Shomal could affect people's soul by applying simple poetic language. Ahmad Mattar - contemporary Iraqi poet - is well known by his satire in Arabic language. He also - as Nasim - e Shomal - tried to awaken his nation and even the world. The present paper tries to show two poets' concerns about their countries and nations comparatively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        179 - Iraq’s Aggression against Iran and Kuwait and its Reflection in the Poetry of the Two Countries
        Seyed Ebrahim Arman
        The two Muslim countries of Iran and Kuwait have witnessed a pain-ful aggression from the part of Saddam dictatorial regime. Saddam’s attack to Iran leaded to an 8 year imposed war, which is called Persian Gulf 1st War. His attack to Kuwait leaded to invasion of More
        The two Muslim countries of Iran and Kuwait have witnessed a pain-ful aggression from the part of Saddam dictatorial regime. Saddam’s attack to Iran leaded to an 8 year imposed war, which is called Persian Gulf 1st War. His attack to Kuwait leaded to invasion of the country and finally the greatest war of the contemporary era after 2nd world War, which is called Persian Gulf 2nd War. The bitter events and anti-human-istic crimes of the former Iraqi regime against these two neighbor coun-tries are innumerable. The present study is to probe into the common subject matters of the poetry of the two countries, from a critical and analytical viewpoint and via conducting a comparative analysis of the resistance poetry, which appeared during and after war in the contem-porary literature of Iran and Kuwait. It is hoped that the present study paves the way for comparative investigation of other common fields of the contemporary literature of Iran and Persian Gulf countries, which have a great history of cultural and economic cooperation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        180 - The Ideas of Love, Patriotism, and Freedom in Gibran Khalil Gibran and Gheysar Aminpoor’s Works
        Seyyed Hosein Seyyedi Sakine Saremi Geravi
        Freedom, patriotism, and love are the most important sources and components of imagery in classical and contemporary literary writings in the form of poetry and prose. The poets, Gibran Khalil Gibran and Gheysar Aminpoor, influenced by their socio-political milieu and t More
        Freedom, patriotism, and love are the most important sources and components of imagery in classical and contemporary literary writings in the form of poetry and prose. The poets, Gibran Khalil Gibran and Gheysar Aminpoor, influenced by their socio-political milieu and the spirit of the age, developed such subjects and themes as patriotism, nature, freedom, love, pain, and politics, among many others. This article attempts a comparative analysis of the views of Gibran and Aminpoor, taking into account and reflecting their intellectual differences and similarities. This study treats several hypotheses. First, Gibran and Aminpoor have many similarities in thought. Second, both poets are romantic and nostalgic. Third, such components as freedom, love, and patriotism are clearly reflected in their poems. The study concludes that these two poets have many individual and professional characteristics and features in common.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        181 - A Survey on Islamic Mysticism in Comparison with Secular Mysticism
        Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerouni
        Iranian mysticism is one of the most ancient and brilliant mystic literatures of the world. Its richness is based on the rich Islamic culture and instructions, Iranian traditions and customs and Eastern and Western wisdoms as well as relying on divine religions, ethical More
        Iranian mysticism is one of the most ancient and brilliant mystic literatures of the world. Its richness is based on the rich Islamic culture and instructions, Iranian traditions and customs and Eastern and Western wisdoms as well as relying on divine religions, ethical perfections resulting in pure Islamic Iranian mysticism which opposes secular interactions and pure materialism. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        182 - Concept of freedom from Hafiz & Molana point of view and its comparison with Existentialism
        Zohreh Vafayi Fard Mirjaledddin Kazzazi
        Two Iranian scholars, Molana and Hafiz had thought about individual and social aspects of human rather than other western scholars and they expressed these thoughts by artist language. One of the abovementioned thinking fields is freedom and authority of human which is More
        Two Iranian scholars, Molana and Hafiz had thought about individual and social aspects of human rather than other western scholars and they expressed these thoughts by artist language. One of the abovementioned thinking fields is freedom and authority of human which is known as most important human nature reality, as the caliph of God on Earth. the present paper - in addition to determine importance of freedom in works and thoughts of Hafiz and Molana - tries to investigate similarities and dissimilarities among their theories and thoughts in different aspects of human existence from humanistic point of view in west. It also attempts to observe and analyze scholars' thoughts by applying Hafiz and Molana poems from comparative point of view. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        183 - TIME (AGE), WISDOM AND IGNORANCE FROM THE VIEWPOINTS OF NASSER KHOSRO QOBADIANI AND AHMAD SHOGHI
        Mohammad Goodarzi Mohammad Reza Saaki
        Nasser Khosro Qobadiania Persian poet, philosopher, scholar and atraveler was born in Qubadyan, a village in middle-age Bactria (modern day Balkh and died in Yamagan, a village in Badakhshan province. He is considered as one of the great poets and writers in Persia More
        Nasser Khosro Qobadiania Persian poet, philosopher, scholar and atraveler was born in Qubadyan, a village in middle-age Bactria (modern day Balkh and died in Yamagan, a village in Badakhshan province. He is considered as one of the great poets and writers in Persian literature, the Safarnama, an account of his travels, being his most famous work. Ahmad Shoghiwas is the great Arabic Poet-Laureate, an Egyptian poet and dramatist who pioneered the modern Egyptian literary movement, most notably introducing the genre of poetic epics to the Arabic literary tradition. Although Nasser Khosro Qobadiani and Ahmad Shoghi have lived in times and places far away from each other and belong to two different cultures and civilizations, they have very similar themes in their works. The present article compares their works on time (age), wisdom and Ignorance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        184 - A Comparative Study of Sabab-e Nazṃ -e Ketāb’ in Mesḅ āh-̣ ul-Arvāh ̣and Some Other Mystic Works
        Dāriūsh Kāzẹ mī
        In the present article, some parts of the mystic books called “sabab-e nazṃ -e ketāb’’ are studied. Studying the sameness and similarities of these parts requires exactness and attentiveness. Their sameness is studied in Mesḅ āh-̣ ul-Arv More
        In the present article, some parts of the mystic books called “sabab-e nazṃ -e ketāb’’ are studied. Studying the sameness and similarities of these parts requires exactness and attentiveness. Their sameness is studied in Mesḅ āh-̣ ul-Arvāh ̣ written by Shamsaddin Muhạ mmad-ibn Bardsiri. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        185 - Traceless City (Utopia) from Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Mehdi Akhavān-Sāles Viewpoint
        Isaac Rahmani Shiva Mottahed
        Utopia represents unreachable reality which has always been in human mind and has been considered as a shelter for him to pass the life's adversity and rough days. The adversities made the poets to create utopia and desirable place to live for human beings. The ideal pe More
        Utopia represents unreachable reality which has always been in human mind and has been considered as a shelter for him to pass the life's adversity and rough days. The adversities made the poets to create utopia and desirable place to live for human beings. The ideal perfection in the mentioned utopias is to reach the humanistic and mental prosperity without any corruption and destroying manners. The present article studies creating utopia and its opposite dystopia from two Iranian and Iraqi poets' viewpoint: Mehdi Akhavān-Sāles and Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati. The similar living environment, caused similar understanding and reaction for both poets. Akhavān and Bayati both had similar view to utopia and simultaneously described and depicted dystopia as well. There are also some differences which the present paper will discuss them. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        186 - “Attendance of man and wisdom in the poems of NaserKhosroo and Abolalae”
        Mehdi Mahuzi Kimiya Tajniya
        There are so many intellectuall similarities and common religious tendencies between Naser khosroo and Ablolalae. There considration and zealotry to the life experience that are abviovs in their works, makes it possible to research a common subject in their poems and th More
        There are so many intellectuall similarities and common religious tendencies between Naser khosroo and Ablolalae. There considration and zealotry to the life experience that are abviovs in their works, makes it possible to research a common subject in their poems and thoughts. Particularly , “man and perfermant of his spiritual and virtual life” is one of the basic topics of their toughts and poems. We have tried in this orticle to introduce their common viewpoints about wisdom and also to find out common intellectual themes of these two poets and mean while illuminating the place of wisdom in anthropological workbook of Naser and Abolalae poems, and point to the common viewpoints of both sages about attendance of wisdom, that means speech and knowledge. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        187 - Analysis of Social Realism in the Poetry of Contemporary Poets; Emphasizing a Few Poets
        Leila Gholi Pouri Arash Moshfeghi Naser Alizadeh
        In every era, the greats and intellectuals of the time have sought to find a new solution to the problems and complexities of their world in order to get rid of the existing bottlenecks of time, and poetry is one of the important tools in the service of this though. Rea More
        In every era, the greats and intellectuals of the time have sought to find a new solution to the problems and complexities of their world in order to get rid of the existing bottlenecks of time, and poetry is one of the important tools in the service of this though. Realism and hyperrealism are two important elements of the poetry of contemporary poets. And documenting in general, recording, interpreting and narrating the personal experiences of the individual and transforming and referring it to various social, political, economic aspects is a context of language that has been full of initiative and experience. Realism is a literary school that became popular in Europe and the United States between 1880 and 1850. The most important feature of realist works is that it presents man as a social being and seeks the root of all his good and bad behaviors in society. The school of realism is one of the schools that depict the problems of the individual and society like a mirror and the author does not include his personal opinions in it. Most contemporary poets, as writers of realism, have been able to express and depict the poverty and problems of the people and their struggle to continue poetry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        188 - A Comparison of the Sequence of Events, Narration and Characters in the Story of “Rostam & Esfandiar” with the Play “Macbeth”
        Leila Hashemian Noushin Bahramipour
        The story of “Rostam&Esfandiar” is one of the most beautiful and attractive stories of “Shahnameh” by Firdausi. “Macbeth” is also a famous play by Shakespeare. These two literary works share some certain similarities. The present More
        The story of “Rostam&Esfandiar” is one of the most beautiful and attractive stories of “Shahnameh” by Firdausi. “Macbeth” is also a famous play by Shakespeare. These two literary works share some certain similarities. The present article is an attempt to study these similarities in the stories of “Rostam&Esfandiar” by Firdausi and “Macbeth” by Shakespeare taking into consideration the sequence of events, narration and characters. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        189 - Wisdom and its position in Hegel's Philosophy and Molona's Thought
        Mohammad Reza Shamshiri Raziyeh Rezvani Aval
        The "wisdom" is a power which many philosophers, mystics and scholars have attempted to understand its nature since ancient years. The present article attempts to study the position of wisdom in Hegel and Molana's thoughts in analytical – comparative method. The g More
        The "wisdom" is a power which many philosophers, mystics and scholars have attempted to understand its nature since ancient years. The present article attempts to study the position of wisdom in Hegel and Molana's thoughts in analytical – comparative method. The goal is to express the view points and finding the similarities and the differences on whole wisdom and the way human relates the nature, Lord and the dialectic path. Hegel studies the applicable concepts of wisdom in his philosophical issues. The wisdom or wisdom has the nearest relationship with life in his view; because the wisdom is not a part beside other parts but an element which communicates with all parts. Molana has signified the capabilities as well as the wisdom shortcomings in all parts of “Mathnawi” and determines the borderline between praised and religious wisdom. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        190 - The connection between wisdom and happiness inShahName by Ferdowsi and its comparison with the poetry of some Persian and Arab poets
        Mansooreh Mashayekhi
        The present research tries to study the connection between wisdom and happiness in ShahName by Ferdowsi and compares the results with the poetry of some Persian and Arab poets to reach in a conclusion. Since the opening verse of this great national literary wo More
        The present research tries to study the connection between wisdom and happiness in ShahName by Ferdowsi and compares the results with the poetry of some Persian and Arab poets to reach in a conclusion. Since the opening verse of this great national literary work has started with the name of God of life and wisdom, this beautiful opening shows  the value and high status of wisdom. The capable and skillful scholar defines life in the scenes of struggle with a deep vision and thought and through showing ethical characteristics from one hand and warning human beings to avoid vices on the other hand, he looks for the achievement of happiness. And since wisdom is one of the most joyful ways of feeding the soul it creates self-confidence and paves the way of development and happiness in life. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        191 - Investigating the Sustainability Effects in Palestinian and Algerian Women's Poems
        Mina Sadat Amir Aftabi Amineh Soleimani
        Palestine's issue is known as the tragedy of today's world undoubtedly is now considered as one of the most important subjects in international meetings and governmental organizations. In addition, the Algerian colonization by the French and their crimes against th More
        Palestine's issue is known as the tragedy of today's world undoubtedly is now considered as one of the most important subjects in international meetings and governmental organizations. In addition, the Algerian colonization by the French and their crimes against the Algerians and their liberation revolution have been widely reflected in the two nations' literature. Women, as a part of society, were also influenced by its political, social and cultural developments, and played their part with all their might. Therefore, in this research, the poetry of Palestinian and Algerian women during the resistance has been studied by descriptive – analytical method and concepts as patriotism, call to fight, accusation of leaders and blaming Balfour Declaration on their poetries are surveyed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        192 - Thought Sedative: Comparing Al-Maʿarri and Schopenhauer's Thoughts on Life
        Alireza Alizadeh Asieh Ghavami
        What is the difference between the human life and animal's? Does he really have freedom and authority? If he has, does authority make his life easier? How much does instinct dominate his wisdom? Maʿarri and Schopenhauer are two philosophers and literates who answered th More
        What is the difference between the human life and animal's? Does he really have freedom and authority? If he has, does authority make his life easier? How much does instinct dominate his wisdom? Maʿarri and Schopenhauer are two philosophers and literates who answered the abovementioned questions. The present paper attempts to study some common thoughts of Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri and Arthur Schopenhauer. Both had a kind of extreme realism toward life which usually known as pessimism. Both philosophers find life suffering and null but weren’t passive at all but tried to leave eternal works to calm down the ones who are thirsty to knowledge in different eras. The paper also tries to study their general thoughts about life comparatively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        193 - A Comparative Study of the Ideological Poems of Ahmad Shamloo and Paul Alvar
        Fatemeh Abdshahi Mohammad Reza Mohseni
        10.30495/clq.2021.681915
        In the field of comparative literature, by examining common themes in the literature of different nations, countless commonalities can be achieved that emphasize the mutual influence of poets or writers. The birth of any poetic text arises from the social, political and More
        In the field of comparative literature, by examining common themes in the literature of different nations, countless commonalities can be achieved that emphasize the mutual influence of poets or writers. The birth of any poetic text arises from the social, political and economic conditions prevailing in society, which is narrated and reflected by the pen of a committed poet. In this article, a comparative study of the ideological poems of two famous poets from two different cultures and civilizations French Paul Alois (1895-1952 AD) and Iranian Ahmad Shamloo (1926-2000) has been investigated with emphasis on basic concepts such as peace, justice, freedom, love and ideal -utopia - based on sociological method and ideological critique. The approach to compare the poems of these two great poets is a sociological approach; Because these two poets have been greatly influenced by the times in which they lived and reflected social events in their works. In fact, the purpose of social critique is to study the interaction of literature and society. In addition, in this article, we will use the critique of ideology. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        194 - Commonalities of Resistance Poetry by Samih Al-Qasim and Hossein Israfili
        Katayoun Fallahi Masoud Bavanpour Soheila Kazem Alilou
        Samih Al-Qasim and Hossein Israfili are prominent poets of the Palestinian and Iranian resistance who have common themes in their resistance poems; Both have written many poems about their homeland and have used myths, symbols and codes in their resistance poems. Israfi More
        Samih Al-Qasim and Hossein Israfili are prominent poets of the Palestinian and Iranian resistance who have common themes in their resistance poems; Both have written many poems about their homeland and have used myths, symbols and codes in their resistance poems. Israfili and Al-Qasim have used the myth of Angha in their poems and both of them have considered themselves obliged to perform their duty in the field of resistance well. Using descriptive-analytical method and using the American school of comparative literature, the authors of the present article have compared the poems of the resistance of the two poets and examined the commonalities between the two poets. The two poets consider the stone to be a symbol of the Palestinian resistance, and both have used this symbol in their poems. The poem of the resistance of the two poets invites to strength and endurance and cohesion of ranks and mobilization of national and world forces against the evil enemy and the declaration of his crime; Writer that by stability against the conspiracy of the evil enemy and non-acceptance of defeat to the last detail considered struggle against oppression and corruption as their task.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        195 - A Comparative Study of the Existentialist Approach in the Works and Thought of Sohrab Sepehri
        Fahimeh Mohammadpour
        Sohrab is one of the contemporary mystic poets who have acted an inner journey in writing his "Hasht Ketab". The thematic study of Sohrab Sepehri's poems places him among the poets of phenomenology who open the first doors to the perception and awareness of his existenc More
        Sohrab is one of the contemporary mystic poets who have acted an inner journey in writing his "Hasht Ketab". The thematic study of Sohrab Sepehri's poems places him among the poets of phenomenology who open the first doors to the perception and awareness of his existence and in unity with the world around him, lead to epistemology and ontological view. Among the existing schools of psychology, the existentialist approach is the only one that directly and with the help of existential and emerging philosophers and authors, looks at different types of emotions and mental disorders from its ontological point of view. Yalom's view provided a map for ontological-humanistic treatment by focusing on the "certainties of existence," i.e, death, freedom, isolation, and emptiness, and by emphasizing the relationship in order to discuss these certainties. These things play a very important role in each level of the individual's psychological structure and are closely related to clinical work. In addition, they create a central organizing principle. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        196 - Civil Responsibility from Enforcement of Rights in Iranian Law and Imami jurisprudence by a Glance at Qur'anic Doctrines
        Ali Azadi Ali Abbas Hayati Mohammad Malekiyan
        10.30495/qsf.2021.679173
        According to the rules of civil responsibility, anyone who harms another, must be able to compensate. But if someone harms another along with administrating justice, is also responsible for the loss? In Islamic jurisprudence, the mentioned issue has been studied under t More
        According to the rules of civil responsibility, anyone who harms another, must be able to compensate. But if someone harms another along with administrating justice, is also responsible for the loss? In Islamic jurisprudence, the mentioned issue has been studied under the title of conflict between the no-harm rule and the domination rule and to sum up the theory has been strengthened that the no-harm rule governs the domination rule. In the case rights, the legislature has stated this in Article 40 of the Constitution and Article 132 of the Civil Code; by analyzing law principles it is concluded that if someone takes possession of his right that causes another one trouble and hardship, he is responsible, he would be prohibited of his possession if these seizures are not necessary for him legally. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        197 - Traditions and Qur'anic Research on the Evidence for the Freedom of E-Commerce Contracts
        amir ahmadi
        10.30495/qsf.2022.691944
        According to the principle of freedom of contract, any commercial contract that is not contrary to Sharia and law is valid. The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity and validity of the evidence of e-commerce contracts and to clear up any ambiguities in t More
        According to the principle of freedom of contract, any commercial contract that is not contrary to Sharia and law is valid. The purpose of this study is to investigate the validity and validity of the evidence of e-commerce contracts and to clear up any ambiguities in this area. In this research, I will first state the Tradition. Then, we will examine the general Qur'anic evidences and the meaning of the verses that have been mentioned regarding the sale, trade, and lawful and unlawful businesses, and I will explain the naming and generalization of these verses. Examining the requirements of the principles as the third reason and the requirements of the rational structure as the fourth reason for the legitimacy of electronic contracts has not gone unnoticed. From this research, it can be concluded that according to the above reasons, e-commerce contracts are legitimate and are accepted by the legislature and human societies. Also, directing e-commerce rules to dynamic jurisprudence to remove doubts between the parties to the contract is one of the achievements of this article.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        198 - Quranic fundamentals and legitimacy regulations of governmental agencies controlling the privacy
        mino khaki sayed mostafa mohaqeq damad mahdi darghey
        10.30495/qsf.2023.1905345.2228
        This resaerch peformed with a descriptive- analytical approach aimed at studying the level, necessity and limits of legitimacy for protecting system, national and public interests as well as their contention and interaction with the individuals’ privacy. The impor More
        This resaerch peformed with a descriptive- analytical approach aimed at studying the level, necessity and limits of legitimacy for protecting system, national and public interests as well as their contention and interaction with the individuals’ privacy. The importance of the research problem is that the individuals in the society and as a collective life are of different rights including personal and social ones where, in practice, those rights partly are in contention with other’s right and public interests. Hence, to establish the social order, it is required to refer to inclusive rules, which respects, from one hand, the personal rights and freedoms as privacy and protects, from the other hand, the social rights or public interest. Consequently, considering the jurisprudential resources as well as referring to the legal fundamentals and statutes based on the public wisdom, it can be stated that the rules legislated for the purpose of protecting the system and public interests have been established generally and in fact for protecting the privacy and peace of individuals though at times interfering and in contention with protecting the individuals’ privacy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        199 - The semantic domains of Lail in the Qur'an
        Maliheh Taheri Dolatabadi Abolghasem Asi Ahmad Zare Zardini Hamid Shamrizi
        10.30495/qsf.2021.684499
        Semantics is one of the new approaches in Quranology of the last century. This knowledge has been very effective in the growth and promotion of Quranology today and has been welcomed by Quran scholars. One of the branches of semantics is structural semantics, and among More
        Semantics is one of the new approaches in Quranology of the last century. This knowledge has been very effective in the growth and promotion of Quranology today and has been welcomed by Quran scholars. One of the branches of semantics is structural semantics, and among them, one of its topics is determining the semantic domains of a word. In the following article, the semantic domain of Lail in the Holy Quran is explained. The research method is textual analysis based on the pattern of accompaniment and substitution of words with the word Lail. This study shows that the words that are related to this word in the process of companionship and succession can be examined as the semantic pairs and subsets of semantic relations day and night (inclusiveness of night and day, etc.); Phenomena accompanying the night (moon, stars and darkness); The sections of Lail (Shafaq, Maghrib, etc.), the functions of Lail (devotional, social, calendar, natural) and the semantic-conceptual types of Lail (complementary, intensifying, distributive and reciprocal) in the Qur'an were examined. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        200 - Freedom and liberty of thought in the manifestations of rational education of the Quran and the method of teaching based on it
        Rahele Aghamohammadi sendani Khosrow Bagheri Fahime Ansarian
        10.30495/qsf.2022.1964236.2908
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the causes of damage in Islamic education from an intellectual point of view. One of the important reasons is to prevent the methods leading to freedom of thought in society. The evaluation states that the theoretical found More
        The purpose of this research is to investigate the causes of damage in Islamic education from an intellectual point of view. One of the important reasons is to prevent the methods leading to freedom of thought in society. The evaluation states that the theoretical foundations of the research are based on human agency in the Qur'an, and the principles of action are based on cognitive and willful tendencies. The methodology in this research is of a descriptive and inferential type, after stating and describing the verses related to the liberation of thought from the verses, it evaluates them based on the two purposes of liberation and creation of freedom. Examining the freedom of thought in the verses in the cognitive principles gives rise to the external voluntary actions of man and in the principles A tendency to stay away from vices and pay attention to and act on moral virtues leads to spiritual upliftment and a kind of inner intellectual and spiritual liberation. In this regard, a new teaching method based on freedom of thought is presented Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        201 - A comparative study of the International Declaration of Human Rights with Quranic teachings
        moein sabahi goraghani Hamidreza Dejan
        The Universal Charter of Human Rights, which was compiled with the motivation of the rule of justice and world peace and was effective creating peace and security, is based on certain principlespresent research, while examining materials and contents declaration and its More
        The Universal Charter of Human Rights, which was compiled with the motivation of the rule of justice and world peace and was effective creating peace and security, is based on certain principlespresent research, while examining materials and contents declaration and its adaptation to the perspective of the Holy Quran, in terms theorizing, applying and implementing, it should be examined by referring verses and traditions and authentic religious and legal books. The axis determining the most important principles of human rights and freedoms, including the principle of freedom, the principle equality, which is included the declaration of human rights and is apparently ine with the teachings of the Islamic religion, but does not have sufficient validity. Despite the universality of the Declaration of Human Rights, it has so far provoked many challenges among some nations of the world, including Muslim countries, which ignore the main basis of human rights in Islam, which isoneness of God and the reliance human reason and the axis Being human has been involved in compiling this declaration. The general result this research was examine common points and points difference between the articles Declaration of Human Rights and the views of the Holy Qur'an in terms of content and theme following areas, such as; Human dignity, foundations, views, types of freedoms, property, differences implementation, inherent equality and the principle of equality, right life and security in personal life, differences type of attitude towards humans, neglecting the relationship between humans and God, solving challenges and shortcomings Human rights. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        202 - The Renunciation of the Interpretation of the Quran and the ways to remove it
        azam parcham
          Abstract Today, the renunciation of the Interpretation of the Quran appears, to some extent, in various communities such as social, political, cultural society and the others. On the one hand, doubts and protests against Quran is presented in different media th More
          Abstract Today, the renunciation of the Interpretation of the Quran appears, to some extent, in various communities such as social, political, cultural society and the others. On the one hand, doubts and protests against Quran is presented in different media that challenge various aspects of the Quran like social, economic, political ones. And on the other hand, the character of Muslims in Islamic countries gets far from the effects of the Koran day by day. In such circumstances, it is appropriate to present the culture of the Quran commensurate with the needs and requirements of the time to reconstruct the personality and dignity of Muslims today. Among the pioneers of this approach is the martyr Sadr. However, others such as Mulla Sadra, Allameh Tabatabai and ... have also tried to reduce the renunciation of the Quran with different methods and strategies. This article aims to remove slightly the effect of the renunciation from the brilliant face of the Quran in the light of the martyr Sadr’s techniques of interpretation. As other methods have also a part in the presentation of the unique picture of the Quranic teachings. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        203 - Cognitive Origins of Illuminated Philosophy; Quran and Narrative Sources' Role and Effect
        Reza Rezazadeh Hoda Habibi Manesh
        In spite of many philosophers who rarely remind historical sources and backgrounds, Shahāb ad-Dīn" Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardī expresses his thoughts clearly and knows them as their extender. The goal of the present research is a review of Quranic and narrative roles an More
        In spite of many philosophers who rarely remind historical sources and backgrounds, Shahāb ad-Dīn" Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardī expresses his thoughts clearly and knows them as their extender. The goal of the present research is a review of Quranic and narrative roles and as the most important illuminated origins for Suhrawardī. Although Suhrawardī's philosophy is viewed as the confluence point of Iran and Greece's philosophy, mysticism and thought, Suhrawardī intended to strengthen his philosophy according to his knowledge of Quranic and narrative sources. This motivation comes true in various issues such as interpretation of Quran's Verses on philosophical topics like active wisdom and imagination, rationalization and immortality. Thus it can be claimed that the way reaching reality is sometimes wisdom and sometimes mystic detection and Divine Oracle above all. It's impossible to find contradiction what is known as right. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        204 - Descriptive semantics of the word "wisdom" based on verses and hadiths
        Alireza Kavand Hassan Ahmadnia
        10.30495/qsf.2021.684496
        Qur'an is a book that requires contemplation, and certainly the wise people have the most contribution. The Greek word "philosophy" has been translated into the word "wisdom" in ancient logical texts translated from Greek into Arabic, and the Arab has used the "philosop More
        Qur'an is a book that requires contemplation, and certainly the wise people have the most contribution. The Greek word "philosophy" has been translated into the word "wisdom" in ancient logical texts translated from Greek into Arabic, and the Arab has used the "philosophy" synonymously with "wisdom". Knowing things in the best way is called "wisdom". In this research, with a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on verses and hadiths, we achieved the following conclusions: The semantics of the word wisdom includes three dimensions of companion words, substitute words and opposite words. From the concepts mentioned in the verses with this word, the word wisdom can be known more comprehensively. Words such as goodness, thank and verbs such as Ita, education, etc. Substitute words refer to words that have a similar style to wisdom, such as intellect, Zi Hajar, Labb and thought. The word that is the opposite of wisdom is ignorance, and the knowledge of ignorance has a tremendous effect in achieving the premise of wisdom. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        205 - Quran's Position in the References of Suhrawardī School
        Abbas Bakhshandeh Bali
        The second effective school in Islamic philosophy in sixth century has been entitled Illumination Wisdom because of Shahāb ad-Dīn Suhrawardī. The important feature of this school is the harmony and coordination between east and west learnings. He could become innovativ More
        The second effective school in Islamic philosophy in sixth century has been entitled Illumination Wisdom because of Shahāb ad-Dīn Suhrawardī. The important feature of this school is the harmony and coordination between east and west learnings. He could become innovative by studying and understanding various thoughts and has created his own philosophy. The goal of the present descriptive – analytical article is to survey his affects by Quran which are not mentioned in the related works. The outcome of the paper is that Suhrawardī could found a philosophical school different with other schools and pace an effective step towards Islamic philosophy's manifestation. He attempted to bring enough reasons to encourage the readers' in accepting various philosophical issues by emphasizing Holy Quran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        206 - Interpretations of the book and wisdom from perspective of the revelation of tradition
        Ali Tamaski Bidgoli
        10.30495/qsf.2021.683424
        In ten verses, "wisdom" is referred to as "the book". In some of these verses, this "book" and "wisdom" are introduced as two blessings of God to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) or two teachings that he is the teacher of it. Some have considered "wisdom" as something else from More
        In ten verses, "wisdom" is referred to as "the book". In some of these verses, this "book" and "wisdom" are introduced as two blessings of God to the Holy Prophet (PBUH) or two teachings that he is the teacher of it. Some have considered "wisdom" as something else from the Qur'an, with the argument that in these verses, the "book" refers to the Qur'an and the turning of one thing over another is a sign of the duality of the two. According to them, that thing is nothing but the prophetic tradition, and because "wisdom" is called revelation in some verses, the tradition, like the Holy Qur'an, is revelation. In this article, by reviewing the interpretations of "Book and Wisdom" in the aforesaid verses, we have clarified that the meaning of "wisdom" in the aforementioned verses will be nothing but tradition. The result of this research is that we cannot consider the tradition of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) as a revelation by referring to verses with the concordance of "Book and Wisdom". Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        207 - The approach of Holy Quran to Issue of Domination and Submission
        Yousef Moqaddasi Jamal Talebi Ghareqeshlaqi Asgar Babazadeh Aqdam
        10.30495/qsf.2021.680775
        Throughout human life on earth, man has hated the word oppression and exploitation and has considered it as an intellectual and religious ugliness. The pure nature of God as a very moving tool has prevented his domination, but any society that has a cultural background More
        Throughout human life on earth, man has hated the word oppression and exploitation and has considered it as an intellectual and religious ugliness. The pure nature of God as a very moving tool has prevented his domination, but any society that has a cultural background of domination and oppression has helped the arrogant and colonialist in his "superior self-vision". The reference to the noble verses of the Qur'an in "Wrong not, and ye shall not be wronged." indicates such a meaning. The purpose of this article is to show the face of arrogance in today's human society. The quality of anti-arrogance from the perspective of the Qur'an and the explanation of the methods of fighting arrogance by presenting noble verses are reassuring; And it will be peace and self-esteem. This study is descriptive and philosophical and analytical and library studies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        208 - Wisdom of Diversity Day from the viewpoint of the Qur’an
        Mohmmad Ali Mahdavi Rad Mahid Abdollahi poor
        Undoubtedlyone of themost importanthumanneeds, is the need forprovisions. For this reason, God to Whom be ascribed all perfection and majesty, Who is aware of everything,has undertaken provisionsand has promised in the Quran the assurance of provisions;On More
        Undoubtedlyone of themost importanthumanneeds, is the need forprovisions. For this reason, God to Whom be ascribed all perfection and majesty, Who is aware of everything,has undertaken provisionsand has promised in the Quran the assurance of provisions;On the other hand,reflection in the lives of relatives and our other fellowmen,reveals this factthat among them there is an inequality in the enjoyment of the provision, the issue thatifits existentialphilosophy remains unknown,it causes doubts and uncertainties in some people’s mind and it has made the foundations of faith in divine justice shakein this group.In this paper, in addition tothe expressionof the provisionand providing the correct interpretation of vouching it,variety of philosophies of the provision and its compatibility with the concept of divine justiceare studied,too. And finally,the wisdom of inequalities of the provision on the behalf of Godis analyzed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        209 - The Investigate of the relationship between the martyrdom and faithfulness in The Quran and The Infallibles’ Hadiths PBUH
        mehdi momtahen akhtar SOLTANI MEHRDAD ALI MORADIAN
        Abstract Martyrdom and honesty are of the human noble concepts to which many verses and Hadiths have been allocated. Martyr is a term that is called to someone who was killed in the way of Right, and has sacrificed his everything in the way of divine satisfaction .The More
        Abstract Martyrdom and honesty are of the human noble concepts to which many verses and Hadiths have been allocated. Martyr is a term that is called to someone who was killed in the way of Right, and has sacrificed his everything in the way of divine satisfaction .The infallibles said too many statements about the virtues of martyrdom and the spiritual position of  the martyr. This paper, after referring to the concept of the martyrdom and honesty in the Koran and the infallibles’ Hadiths, has discussed testimony the relationship between these two concepts. The authors believe that using the martyrdom and honesty is an important factor that can push our Islamic community towards perfection. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        210 - Quranic Principles of the Five Presences (Hazarat-e Khams) in Theoretical Mysticism
        Maryam Mahmoodi Ali Akhlaghi Samira Qasemi
        Appearance of Ibn-e Arabi’s, his students and his commentators’ thoughts created a new way of thinking in Islamic mysticism that was the result of 6 centuries of mystics, philosophers and scholastic theologian’s thinking. In the process and evolution o More
        Appearance of Ibn-e Arabi’s, his students and his commentators’ thoughts created a new way of thinking in Islamic mysticism that was the result of 6 centuries of mystics, philosophers and scholastic theologian’s thinking. In the process and evolution of this way of mystical thinking new expressions were coined that some scholars think they were created by the unusual mind of Ibin-e Arabi’s and some others think they root in esoteric exegeses and interpretations of Quran and hadith (prophetic saying) or a mixture of them. The Five Presences (Hazarat-e Khams) or the Five Worlds are from the important and key expressions of this way of thinking which have Quranic or theological (Kalami) identity and some great people such as Ibn-e Arabi have brought up and discussed them based on verses of Quran and prophetic sayings. In the present article the Five Presences have been explained from the viewpoint of mystics and they have also been analyzed based on the verses of Quran, words of interpreters and eminent mystics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        211 - Quranic Principals of the Government and a Study of Imam Khomeini’s Views
        Touraj Kouhestani Nezhad Mohammad Ali Safa Rouhollah Afzali
        Iran’s Islamic revolution leaded by Imam Khomeini were based on Alavi government and the main goal was founding an Islamic government, performing the religious orders and rebirthing many Islamic commandments. Imam Khomeini was a mature and complete priest and was More
        Iran’s Islamic revolution leaded by Imam Khomeini were based on Alavi government and the main goal was founding an Islamic government, performing the religious orders and rebirthing many Islamic commandments. Imam Khomeini was a mature and complete priest and was different with other priests a little which was because of his fluency in philosophy, principles and discourse; this difference was manifested by Islamic revolution.  The event which was so brilliant and clear was a kind of foreign relationship based on Islamic principles that caused attracting Islamic Moslem nations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        212 - The Position of Trial Interruption in Khamsah (five) Religions by Emphasizing Verses and Traditions
        Feysal Sharifi Pour Fatemeh Shouri
        Based on 37th principle of constitution, the basic is on indulgence; no one is guilty unless his crime proves in a proper court. Thus the present research studies the trial interruption in claim prove by studying verses and traditions and reminds that judge’s asse More
        Based on 37th principle of constitution, the basic is on indulgence; no one is guilty unless his crime proves in a proper court. Thus the present research studies the trial interruption in claim prove by studying verses and traditions and reminds that judge’s assessment and diagnosis is the strongest reason to issue the order and sentence from Shiite’s view point. Some of Sunnite jurisprudents know judge’s decision insufficient and inadequate and recognize Holy Quran, traditions and wisdom as proofs for decision making. But some others specify limitations for the idea; this article tries to offer a logical reason and criticizes Sunnite’s documents and finally expresses judge’s science his decision making based on the constitution. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        213 - Legal and Quranic dimensions against financial terrorism with a focus on human rights
        Somayeh Sarrami Nafiseh Nekouei Mehr Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Tabatabaei
        10.30495/qsf.2021.683433
        In Iranian law, the term terrorism has been used many times, but the mentioned applications are not in the field of criminology and legal fight against terrorism, but the general responsibilities of the police and the Ministry of Interior is mainly explained. Given that More
        In Iranian law, the term terrorism has been used many times, but the mentioned applications are not in the field of criminology and legal fight against terrorism, but the general responsibilities of the police and the Ministry of Interior is mainly explained. Given that Iran's name is on the FATF blacklist these days, it was necessary to study Iran's membership in various multilateral treaties on the prohibition of international terrorism in order to determine whether Iran's law is consistent with international law in the field of international terrorism. This article first deals with the definitions of terrorism in the laws and the Qur'an, and then deals with the laws of Iranian domestic law and membership in anti-terrorism conventions. Finally, it is important to note that Iran has taken effective steps against financial terrorism and it is one of the activists against this crime. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        214 - Examining the Reasons for the Sanctity of Marriage to Infidels in Imami Jurisprudence with Emphasis on Quranic Teachings
        Mojtaba Ghafari
        One of the obstacles to marriage from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, according to the rule of denying the domination of unbelievers over believers is the marriage of a Muslim to a non-Muslim. This article contains three questions that we are going to answer t More
        One of the obstacles to marriage from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, according to the rule of denying the domination of unbelievers over believers is the marriage of a Muslim to a non-Muslim. This article contains three questions that we are going to answer these questions. Question 1: What are the sayings of Imamiye jurists regarding marriage to infidels? Second: How the reasons for the sanctity of marriage to infidels are evaluated from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence and the rule of denying the domination of unbelievers over believers? Third: How is acted in conflict with the jurisprudential rule of denying the domination of unbelievers over believers with other rules? In answer to the first question, it is hypothesized that the sayings of the jurists in this regard are different and the most important promise is the prohibition of permanent marriage to infidels and the permission of temporary marriage to them. It seems that the most important reasons for the sanctity of marriage to infidels are the domination of infidels over the property of Muslims, the weakening of the spirit of jihad, the difficulty in training children and family disputes between couples, endangering unity in society, preventing spying and enemy influence. In conflict with the rule of denying the domination of unbelievers over believers and other rules, sovereignty is with the rule of denying the domination of unbelievers over believers. In this article, we believe that the various sayings of the jurists in this regard are examined and according to the verses, hadiths and reason, the reasons for the prohibition of marriage to infidels are discussed, and in the end, it deals with the sovereignty of this rule over other rules. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        215 - Hakim’s Concept and its Impact in Lives by Enjoying Verses and Narrations
        Nasrin Eshtiyaqi Raad
        Holy Quran and Ahl Al Bait have applied various sciences in order to lead human beings which the main part relates to life style. One of the islam’s educational goals is to teach Hikmat (wisdom). As Quran says teaching wisdom was assigned as the main goal of all I More
        Holy Quran and Ahl Al Bait have applied various sciences in order to lead human beings which the main part relates to life style. One of the islam’s educational goals is to teach Hikmat (wisdom). As Quran says teaching wisdom was assigned as the main goal of all Imams. The present article studies the concept of term Hikmat by descriptive – analytical method. By referring to the root of the term it could be resulted that Hikmat is characteristic of understanding and perception. Wise human appreciates Lord’s gifts and enjoys everything on its right time and place. Ethics is of special status in Islamic civil and culture.  Wise human tries to remove others’ pains and troubles in order to make a better life for himself and society. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        216 - Expressing the Intellectual – Revelatory Thoughts of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli on Infallibility of Qur'an
        Alireza Khonsha Mohammad Javad Saami
        The distortion issue in Qur'an has been highly paid attention by Islamic intellectuals and scholars especially Shiite elders and has always been debated since the early centuries of Islam; many books on the mentioned subject have been written. Hashwiyah in Sunnite More
        The distortion issue in Qur'an has been highly paid attention by Islamic intellectuals and scholars especially Shiite elders and has always been debated since the early centuries of Islam; many books on the mentioned subject have been written. Hashwiyah in Sunnite and Ghulāt in Shiite, and a few Akhbaris (such as Sayyid Nematullah Jazayeri and Muhaddith Nouri) have considered Qur'an to be distorted (distorted into shortcomings). But the majority of Shiite and Sunni scholars believe in infallability of Qur'an. Professor Ayatollah Javadi Amoli has dealt with this issue with a revelatory rational viewpoint and studies the mentioned subject with a deep, effective and stunning expression which the present paper surveys it by applying comparative – analytical librarian method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        217 - Liberty Semantics in Frankfurt School and its Criticism from Quran's Viewpoint
        Maryam Esfahani Tayyebeh Mahroozadeh Saeed Beheshti
        Concept of liberty is one of the important and significant issues in freedom and liberalism. The present research initially studies two main elements – liberty concept and strategies to achieve liberty – in Frankfurt school which is a twentieth century idea More
        Concept of liberty is one of the important and significant issues in freedom and liberalism. The present research initially studies two main elements – liberty concept and strategies to achieve liberty – in Frankfurt school which is a twentieth century idea and then criticizes the liberty concerned by the mentioned school. The outcomes show and prove that the concept of liberty in Frankfurt school owns ethical concept and means freedom of capitalism system; it focuses on social freedom only. Since the main ideology by ethical issues is freedom of egoism from Islam viewpoint. Holy Quran knows human's passion and desire as constraint for freedom and expresses it in two aspects: internal liberty – moral – and external liberty – social. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        218 - Investigating the supervisory role of the Court of Administrative Justice on considering the rights of the nation in the Quranic verses
        Mohammad Hosseini Davood Ghasemi
        10.30495/qsf.2021.683440
        In regulating government-citizen relations, the fulfillment of individual rights cannot be entrusted to the goodwill of the government, and access to administrative proceedings should be considered as a means for citizens to achieve their other rights. As a result, in a More
        In regulating government-citizen relations, the fulfillment of individual rights cannot be entrusted to the goodwill of the government, and access to administrative proceedings should be considered as a means for citizens to achieve their other rights. As a result, in addition to the courts that deal with disputes between people, there should be impartial and independent administrative courts where individuals can go to law enforcement agencies to obtain their rights if their rights are violated by government agencies and law enforcement. Among these courts is the Court of Administrative Justice and what is the role of the Court of Administrative Justice in monitoring the observance of the rights of the nation? It can be raised as an issue. In this descriptive-analytical study, it can be stated that; The Court of Justice, in its role of advocate and defender of the rights of the nation, monitors the actions and decisions of officials as well as the approvals of government units, and acts as a judicial authority indirectly in the realization of the rights of nation under the supervision of administrative courts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        219 - Semantics of words indicating mercy and forgiveness in Hatam Taei's poetry; Semantic research
        Mehran Najafi Hajivar
        10.30495/cls.2021.679143
        This research is a semantic study in Hatem Taei's poetry. After a brief look at the science of semantics and semantic domains and a brief look at Hatam's life, we studied every word in the semantic realm of forgiveness that either indicates the generosity of the poet or More
        This research is a semantic study in Hatem Taei's poetry. After a brief look at the science of semantics and semantic domains and a brief look at Hatam's life, we studied every word in the semantic realm of forgiveness that either indicates the generosity of the poet or exists to gain the praise of God and people in his poetry. In examining all the words and combinations in this research, it is tried to deal with Hatam's poetry analytically, because the analysis can reveal to us the most accurate details of the issues, clarify the relationship between these words for us. This study intends to analyze the obvious or hidden relationships between these words by examining the semantics of Hatam's poetry. By extracting the words of this semantic domain, such as al-Bazal, al-Jud, Al-Khargh, Al-Ata, Al-Fazl, Al-Karam, Al-Nadi, Al-Naam, Al-Vahab, etc., and studying their semantic relations with other words, we performed a semantic analysis of Hatam Taei's poetry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        220 - Comparative Study on Homeland in Muthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini ’s Poetries
        Mahdi Ramshini Fariborz Hossein Janzadeh Sarasti Mohammad Shaygan Mehr
        10.30495/cls.2022.687760
        Muthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini, nicknamed North Breeze (Nasim e Shomal), have patriotic and libertarian tendencies and enjoy almost the same tactics to support the homeland and fight against colonialism and tyranny. Both live in an age where the politi More
        Muthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini, nicknamed North Breeze (Nasim e Shomal), have patriotic and libertarian tendencies and enjoy almost the same tactics to support the homeland and fight against colonialism and tyranny. Both live in an age where the political, social, and literary atmosphere of their countries are very similar. They consider literature as a means of enlightening society and apply it for this very purpose, and used poetry, music, and aesthetic elements to convey their message to their audiences. They both love their compatriots and have awareness, awakening, and responsibility. Each has his own worldview and thoughts, and the secret of their penetrating words is recognizing the literary taste of their compatriots and expressing the issues and problems of the masses. The two are constantly pursuing their ideal community; a society that is free from oppression and discrimination and encourages everyone to achieve it, and does not tolerate oppression and discrimination against human beings, and acts to eradicate it with their thoughts and pens. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        221 - the human crisis and the crisis of the place in Al-Alag poetry: Thematic treatment based on the sociological principle of literature
        hosein elyasi mofrad zeinab ghasemiasl
        10.30495/cls.2023.1976465.1388
        The poetry of Ali Ja'far Al-Alaq is an objective subject with distinction and this strong relationship between Al-Allaq's poetry and reality is what makes Al-Allaq's poetry characterized by pessimism. The presence of pessimism also descends from the conviction of the po More
        The poetry of Ali Ja'far Al-Alaq is an objective subject with distinction and this strong relationship between Al-Allaq's poetry and reality is what makes Al-Allaq's poetry characterized by pessimism. The presence of pessimism also descends from the conviction of the poet that poetry is the son of loss and loss and must reflect the reality of living. This study sails in the world of Ali Jafar poetic relationship to clarify the vision of the poet to the Arab reality and manifestations of the crisis of self and the plight of place in the poet's poetry The research relied on his approach to poetry of the relationship on the descriptive analytical approach and took from the groups of the poet poetic samples to address the subject The results indicate that the poetry of the relationship is linked to the reality of living in which the poet analyzes the Arab reality by taking care of the legendary, religious and historical heritage and dedicates in it a fact that he believes in, that what dragged the Arabs to defeat and the young is due to the Arabs themselves and more to the Arab daring. Slow attendance and the act of treason and non-clinging to the land and identity and the crisis of belonging an attempt to incite the building of the Arab civilized society, which In the relationship between the sexes on the basis of harmony and union. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        222 - The Effects of Social issues in Ma'ruf Rosafi's Poetry
        Hossein Shamsabadi Asghar Moulavi Nafchi, Gholamreza Golchinrad
        Abstract A poet, author, statesman, and eminent social figure under the Ottoman Empire, Ma'ruf Rosafi, lived in a period when ignorance, poverty, and disease had overshadowed the country. Obviously, literature in late 19th century and early 20th century witnessed a ris More
        Abstract A poet, author, statesman, and eminent social figure under the Ottoman Empire, Ma'ruf Rosafi, lived in a period when ignorance, poverty, and disease had overshadowed the country. Obviously, literature in late 19th century and early 20th century witnessed a rise and boom which included political, social, and cultural issues. And it was poetry that could yield positive effects in the process of constructing and revolutionizing life trends and its conditions. All these factors led Rosafi and others to embark upon and develop such themes as freedom of speech, spreading knowledge, abolishing ignorance, educating women, establishing justice, and defending home against colonization Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        223 - Life & Death Dual in Al Jabouri's Poetries
        Hossein Elyasi
        Muad Al Jabouri is one of the sixtieth century's poets who has experienced that era's events beside his hometown people and tried to make his people hopeful and happy in the rough days of Saddam government era.  The present research – which is analytical &nda More
        Muad Al Jabouri is one of the sixtieth century's poets who has experienced that era's events beside his hometown people and tried to make his people hopeful and happy in the rough days of Saddam government era.  The present research – which is analytical – descriptive – attempts to study the dominant thought of Muad Al Jabouri: death and life. The outcome of the study is that he enjoyed the natural mysteries about death in the form of Saddam's dictatorship government and occupier America on Arabic lives. The poet runs toward the living life by the flames of hope and optimism. Being in his poetry means death and martyr and martyr for hometown means heroic death from his view point.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        224 - A Glance at the Literary Man, Poet and Playwright, Suleiman Al-Hozami and the Play “Bedayat Al-Nahayat”
        Seyed Ebrahim Arman Zohre Banbi
        Drama is an obvious cultural activity. This literary form is a means of solidarity between human beings and opens new horizons for dialogue among races, ethnicities and different colors in spite of different point of views, opinions and beliefs. Drama is More
        Drama is an obvious cultural activity. This literary form is a means of solidarity between human beings and opens new horizons for dialogue among races, ethnicities and different colors in spite of different point of views, opinions and beliefs. Drama is proper for applying national themes and calling for freedom, rising against oppression and resistance. The present article surveys the works of one of the prominent pioneers of this literary form, Suleiman Al-Hozami from Kuwait, some of whose works are translated into English, Spanish and Persian. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        225 - Bakhorzi His Biography And Literary Life
        Mohammad Janati far
        Bakhorzi was one of the great literary men of the seventh Hijri Century with an Iranian descent. He was born in one of the villages of N eishabour called "Bakhorz". The present article reviews his life and works. Since Bakhorzi was a bilingual writer (Arabic and Persi More
        Bakhorzi was one of the great literary men of the seventh Hijri Century with an Iranian descent. He was born in one of the villages of N eishabour called "Bakhorz". The present article reviews his life and works. Since Bakhorzi was a bilingual writer (Arabic and Persian), this article also provides information about his masters and other works of his time. The article also discusses his valuable work "Rouznamajatan" (Diary) which is about days, months, years and the rise of the Sun and Moon which is also mentioned in the British Encyclopedia.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        226 - Thirst in the epic of Karbala
        Saeideh Mir Hagh Joo Langroudi Fatemeh Ali Nejad Chamazkati
        In literary texts, water is a symbol of science, life, purity and light. In mystical texts, this element finds deeper meanings and becomes a symbol of inner purity, eternal life and divine light and manifestations. In these texts, in accordance with the symbolic concept More
        In literary texts, water is a symbol of science, life, purity and light. In mystical texts, this element finds deeper meanings and becomes a symbol of inner purity, eternal life and divine light and manifestations. In these texts, in accordance with the symbolic concepts of water, the symbol of thirst will have a special meaning. Expressing the seeker's passion for reaching his beloved is its most prominent meaning. The story of water and thirst in the event of Ashura is rooted in facts; But the expression of mystical and symbolic interpretations of events and happenings related to water and thirst is very thought-provoking. Especially that these mystical interpretations are mixed with poetic performances and have given a new color and smell to the sayings and actions of those present in this scene of history. Seeking water sometimes means seeking the status of annihilation in the sheikh. Sometimes, annihilation in the name of God and Saqayat means taking the water of knowledge and truth from the monotheism and conveying it to those who are thirsty for the principle. These interpretations are rooted in our mystical texts and poems. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        227 - Manifestation of Hallaj's Mask in Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati's Poetry
        Foad Abdollah Zadeh Ali Asghar Habibi Ali Akbar Ahmadi Chenari Mojtaba Behrouzi
        Poetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way More
        Poetic symbolization based on past symbols in order to create a romantic situation is one of the important poetic evolutions. Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati is one of the modernism strongest poets in this field who could express his poetic approaches in the most effective way by applying different symbols of dream. This article – which is done in descriptive – analytic method – studies symbolization and its importance in al-Bayati's poetry in general as well as analyzing Hallaj symbol. He has applies this symbol in many different poetries such as "Hallaj's Torture". The common points in two characters caused forming mask technique in the best way. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        228 - Rebellion and its Alternatives in the Holy Quran (Analytical and Root Research on the Thought of Rebellion in Islamic Texts)
        Morteza Zare Beromi Fatemeh Kazemi
        In the present study, by examining the belongings of the rebellion, we framed the issues that lead man under the heading of internal and external motives in the path of rebellion. Then we went to the alternatives that directly or indirectly prevent the rebellion. The re More
        In the present study, by examining the belongings of the rebellion, we framed the issues that lead man under the heading of internal and external motives in the path of rebellion. Then we went to the alternatives that directly or indirectly prevent the rebellion. The results of the research show that religion and knowledge have a negative effect on the interests of the Tyrants, the correct religion is circulating on the orbit of monotheism and does not accept the strain against non-god, and finally, Islam is a monotheistic and rational religion that started its activity by ordering to read. These are the issues that we are considered in studying the verses of the Qur'an with a descriptive-analytical and inferential approach. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        229 - The Reflection of Wisdom in Dark Era and Contemporary Poetries
        Rahimeh Choolanian Jafar Amouri
        Wisdom is the spirit of experience, suffering and viewpoint to the society and existence which a scholar (literary man) put it in the speech frame in order to transfer a fact or reality by the aim of advice and guidance to future generations and its condition is its gen More
        Wisdom is the spirit of experience, suffering and viewpoint to the society and existence which a scholar (literary man) put it in the speech frame in order to transfer a fact or reality by the aim of advice and guidance to future generations and its condition is its generality and liability. It should be applicable to any time and place. The present research studies the wisdom reflection on the poetry of dark and contemporary eras with descriptive – analytical method. The aim is informing the wisdom and expressing wise notes in dark and contemporary eras. Poetries of wisdom contains simple terms and avoids complexities and is the origin of great goals and far away from allusion and full of meanings. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        230 - Nationalism in Muhammad Alfituri’s Poetry
        Leila Ghasemi Hajiabadi Parviz Lakzaeeyan Fakoor
        Mohammed Moftahh Rajab Al-Fituri is a major African poet with such an unprecedented sphere of knowledge and artifice who has praised revolutions and immortalized the free spirit of heroism in Africa and the Arab world. Alfiturihas composed odes on many causes covering L More
        Mohammed Moftahh Rajab Al-Fituri is a major African poet with such an unprecedented sphere of knowledge and artifice who has praised revolutions and immortalized the free spirit of heroism in Africa and the Arab world. Alfiturihas composed odes on many causes covering Lebanon, Palestine, and Iraq wherein he calls upon nations to struggle for their freedom and to fight submission and slavery. Alfituriis a visionary who foresees the blessed occasion when amental restorationin the east would drive nations out of oblivion and misguidedness. Then nations would cry out loud the anthem of freedom and independence from all the pangs and anguish caused by a colonialism which has deprived them from their basic right in being alive and free. Self-sacrifice and martyrdom are the only path to freedom and glory. Alfituridenounces the failing submissive status quo inflicting the Arab world. Alfituri’s denial and rejection is not aimed at mere devastation, but he complains and yet demands a constructive approach to uproot the causes of underdevelopment and regression. All this springs from a compassionate concern for security, prosperity, and civilization. Alfituriemploys symbolism and irony in his nationalistic compositions to which he adds an aura of pain and pessimism in order to treat certain critical political causes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        231 - The Comparison of Social Consensus in the Contemporary Arab and Persian Poetry
        maryam saed vaghefi elaheh razaghi parviz Lakzaeian Fakoor
        Abstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquett More
        Abstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquette in those eras or the pre - Islamic era or the eras of enlightenment in Europe. However, the researchers argue that the relation between literature and society became close since the modern era; and that is because of the conditions in which the community lives; as the spread of the press and the demise of illiteracy and scientific movements in human societies. From this viewpoint, this article reviews the study of social opinions between the two contemporary Arab and Persian literatures concentrating on three themes:" Status of women "and "women's freedom "and" poverty"; and a comparison among the views of the two great contemporary poets, i.e. Shawqi and Bahar, has been accomplished indicating the common and different aspects in their views and mentioning their expressing method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        232 - The description in the poet of Khalil Mardom Bak
        Mehdi Momtahen Azizeh Rahimi
        Poet Khalil Mardom Bak excellent example of the men released this statement of the era in literature and its effects. Raise high the name of his country, and he fought all his life. It was among the first to Made huge gateway luxury hair literature solid, and reported i More
        Poet Khalil Mardom Bak excellent example of the men released this statement of the era in literature and its effects. Raise high the name of his country, and he fought all his life. It was among the first to Made huge gateway luxury hair literature solid, and reported it, Was link between the ancient and the modern, money to the description, the collection of delicacies and say Beautiful images images, And presented in a beautiful dress and best costume, and tough for the sake of it is not what our generation profoundly regret the loss of sources, and the scarcity of cupboards, and lack of culture, and the diminutive education, drier springs. This article is a study on the life of poet Khalil Mardom Bak and his penchant for description, nature and art, and a few in the national tour of his poet and important source is the Divan poet. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        233 - Providing a Training model for Elementary school assistant principals Executing EFQM model in East Azarbijan, Iran based on an Assessment of Educational Needs
        Jila Morsali Jahangir Yari Haj Ataloo
        The purpose of this study was to provide a Training model for Elementary school assistant principals Executing EFQM model in East Azarbijan, Iran based on an Assessment of Educational Needs. The research method was descriptive - survey. The statistical population includ More
        The purpose of this study was to provide a Training model for Elementary school assistant principals Executing EFQM model in East Azarbijan, Iran based on an Assessment of Educational Needs. The research method was descriptive - survey. The statistical population included 53 elementary school assistant principals. All of the assistant principals were selected as the sample. For collecting data researchers made questionnaires, based on 10 axes of EFQM, was used. Their educational needs on the 10 axes of EFQM model were studied in three domains, knowledge, practice and attitude. The validity of the questionnaires was verified by the academics of educational administration. The reliability of them calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The reliability of knowledge domain was %90, practice domain was %97 and attitude domain was %97. According to Bartlets test, KMO index in all the domains were above 0/6. Friedman’s test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for analyzing data through SPSS and also exploratory factor analysis was used. Results showed that elementary school assistant principals in East Azarbijan need training in all the three domains based on EFQM model. There was a significant difference among the educational needs of them in three domains. Results also showed that in the knowledge and practice domains, the first educational need of assistant principals was in axis 3 of EFQM (establishing a learning - teaching system) and in attitude domain was in axis 4 of EFQM (developing student participation at school).  At the end a model for training them was provided. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        234 - Wisdom in the thoughts of Imams
        محمدحسین ایراندوست مریم موسوی
        اصطلاح «عقل» یکی از اصطلاحاتی است که در هر علم و بنا بر دیدگاههای مختلف، تعریفی خاص به خود پیدا کرده و تفاوت هایی که در معانی این اصطلاح وجود داشته همواره باعث سوء تفاهم هایی شده است. یکی از این دیدگاه ها، دیدگاه ائمه معصوم(ع) راجع به عقل و جایگاه آن است که More
        اصطلاح «عقل» یکی از اصطلاحاتی است که در هر علم و بنا بر دیدگاههای مختلف، تعریفی خاص به خود پیدا کرده و تفاوت هایی که در معانی این اصطلاح وجود داشته همواره باعث سوء تفاهم هایی شده است. یکی از این دیدگاه ها، دیدگاه ائمه معصوم(ع) راجع به عقل و جایگاه آن است که در واقع کامل ترین و جامع ترین دیدگاه هاست. روش این مقاله توصیفی – تحلیلی است که با جستجو در منابع دینی گردآوری شده است. دین اسلام برای عقل ارزش زیادی قائل است و حجّیت آن را می پذیرد و برای ایمانی که متکی به عقل نباشد، ارزشی قائل نیست. در دیدگاه امامان معصوم(ع) هم ارزش بسیار زیادی به عقل و معرفت داده شده و در عین حال توصیفاتی که از عقل ارائه شده در تعارض با عقل منفعت جو و خود محور است. در روایات اسلامی از عقل به عنوان پیامبر درونی تعبیر می شود و فقهای شیعه عقل را یکی از ادّله چهارگانه استنباط احکام شرعی به حساب می آورند؛ و علم و تجربه به برکت عقل کارآیی لازم را پیدا می کنند و نقش عمده‌ی عقل در تعدیل غرائز و عواطف و احساسات انسان قابل انکار نیست. روایات منقول در این نوشتار نیز عهده‌دار بیان این حقایقند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        235 - Check the rule Tlqyt
        هادی غلامرضاراوی محمود یوسف وند
        Is one of the legal rules Tlqyt.This means that instead or sales or whatever is supposed to be given a free transfer and which is not right.n this paper, to be answered is whether or issues of law or rule of law Qvadh Tlqyt the basics?Is this Tlqyt independent rule is a More
        Is one of the legal rules Tlqyt.This means that instead or sales or whatever is supposed to be given a free transfer and which is not right.n this paper, to be answered is whether or issues of law or rule of law Qvadh Tlqyt the basics?Is this Tlqyt independent rule is a rule or not? Is Tlqyt condition is bilateral or obstacles?In this article we have tried to these questions by studying books and taking notes and refer to religious books and summarizing the analytical method to be performed according to the jurists. It seems that the rule of law is Tlqyt And is a principle that Ksyrh legal issues in various legal fields is ongoing And the contract should be discussed barriers And whether or not its cause inaccuracy of the contract.The rule is that the rules of tradition has been concluded and there is no particular narrative in this case. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        236 - Study of the Relationship Jurisprudence and Ethics and comparing its with Islamic law
        زینب موسوی سادات سید محمد مهدی احمدی
        Some Muslim jurists believed that all various forces that are originated from some sources such as nature, reason, custom, competence and justice could obligate the rule and regulation of Islamic law. It seems that this phrase is not complete because first of all: the o More
        Some Muslim jurists believed that all various forces that are originated from some sources such as nature, reason, custom, competence and justice could obligate the rule and regulation of Islamic law. It seems that this phrase is not complete because first of all: the origins of religious orders is depended on the will of God and he would guarantee human happiness in this world and the hereafter based on the science and his favor , corruption and wisdom. So each human who has pure nature and common sense of course he could find out that obeying these regulation could guarantee his happiness in this world and the hereafter not anything else. Secondly: some sources that are mentioned in order to obligating legal rule of Islam as the total or separated, could not be able to obligate people so jurisprudence and ethics are placed in the practical wisdom area and some Islamic scholars have interpreted jurisprudence and ethics in the “trade” education and this field is included some sciences that learning them is needed for the act so the ethics is called as “Feghhe Akbar” and “Feghhe Asghar”. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        237 - Control of life of citizens and legal review by government agencies
        هادی غلامرضاراوی محمود یوسف وند
        The Quran people from suspicion and surveillance in the affairs of others The Quran people from suspicion and surveillance in the affairs of others. In this article we have tried to use the Quran and the adherence of the Innocents to answer these questions. 1. The gover More
        The Quran people from suspicion and surveillance in the affairs of others The Quran people from suspicion and surveillance in the affairs of others. In this article we have tried to use the Quran and the adherence of the Innocents to answer these questions. 1. The government's view of how it should be? 2. Does the absolute prohibition of spying for the public and is In other words, prohibition of government intrusion, and interference in the affairs of the people, including ideas And freedom of expression, property and other matters to them? 3. The jurisdiction of the government's interference in the affairs of the people is to what extent? In response, the government must give the accused the benefit of the doubt and suspicion towards the state itself does not God forbid forbidden and therefore can not be generalized surveillance And the government to run the country and securing the right to investigate and audit matters discussed whether people thought And freedom of expression and assets and other matters is But this right is not absolute and non-interference in social work or a place that is conducive to intrigue Has the right to intervene and the ruling should be closely monitored on a permanent basis on social affairs. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        238 - The methodology of cognition in transcendent wisdom
        MohammadHossien Irandoost Eshagh Aban
          Cognition and knowledge have been the categories that allscholars and philosophers discuss and research on. In the methodology of cognition, one should pay attention to the main sources of the philosopher in achieving cognition. Mulla Sadra has a completely new m More
          Cognition and knowledge have been the categories that allscholars and philosophers discuss and research on. In the methodology of cognition, one should pay attention to the main sources of the philosopher in achieving cognition. Mulla Sadra has a completely new method and approach, and he does not completely reject or confirm any of his previous methods, including the method of recognizing peripatetics, enlightenment, mysticism, and theology, and he does not approve of these methods and their sources, including proof and revelation. In addition, the intuition has also been used, and it has provided a comprehensive, complete, and new analysis, and has laid a new horizon for the attainment of knowledge. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        239 - An Analysis of the Concept of Expert and Expertise in Islamic Ideology
        Mahdi Fadaei Mehrbani Naser Garusi Saeed Jahangiri
        The purpose of the current study is to analyze the concept of expert and expertise in Islamic ideology. To this aim, the method of descriptive analysis was used to explain the concept of expertise in Islamic politics. The results revealed the perception of Muslims from More
        The purpose of the current study is to analyze the concept of expert and expertise in Islamic ideology. To this aim, the method of descriptive analysis was used to explain the concept of expertise in Islamic politics. The results revealed the perception of Muslims from the concept of expertise and how it has performed as a criterion to determine the political boundaries in Islam. Shari’ta, like a text, needs to be interpreted and it requires elites, experts and jurists in religion.  Politics in Islamic sense is fundamentally bound up with the concept of expertise, and the term “experts” often refers to the rulers and officials. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        240 - The Role of Institutions in Domestic Production and Economic Growth from the Jurisprudential Perspective
        Mahdi Rajabi Mustafa Rajaepour Mohammad Reza Kazemi Golvardi Reza Fahimidoab
        The purpose of the present study is to survey the role of institutions in domestic production and economic growth from the jurisprudential outlook. The method of research is descriptive analysis and it aims to answer whether economic jurisprudence is considered as an in More
        The purpose of the present study is to survey the role of institutions in domestic production and economic growth from the jurisprudential outlook. The method of research is descriptive analysis and it aims to answer whether economic jurisprudence is considered as an institutional economy in its way of development. To this aim, the research relies on the hypothesis that Islam as a fundamental institution consists of a combination of interrelated legal, social, and ethical institutions working together based on a common system and following a fixed set of principles. Delving deep into these systems and understanding their roles in the economy is of special significance. By a systematic look at Islamic jurisprudence, some of the most important institutions for production are recognized to be economic security, responsibility of utilizing resources and wealth, protection of welfare in society, cooperation and public collaboration, normative ethics, and economic stability. The fulfilment of the objectives in each of the above institutions is followed through jurisprudential methods and rules. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        241 - Freedom of Citizens in the Internet from the View of Islamic jurisprudence and Law
        Reza Ayazi Hossein Sharifi Batool Pakzad
        The purpose of the present study is to review how much citizens are free to express their ideas on the internet, from the view of Islamic jurisprudence and law. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results indicate that Islam respects "freedom of speech" More
        The purpose of the present study is to review how much citizens are free to express their ideas on the internet, from the view of Islamic jurisprudence and law. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results indicate that Islam respects "freedom of speech" and has set its framework in some general aspects. The divine law which involves respecting the blessed name of God and His messenger should be considered in all aspects so every criminal act against that in the cyber space is regarded as a crime. From the view of Islamic penalty law, every criminal act that is recognized as a crime and the legislator has determined a penalty for that is involved in this framework so no one has a right to use the internet for such misconducts. Private rights are also included within these principles and no one has a right to use the internet to violate other people's privacy and deny their rights. Claiming rights is acknowledged for the loser part and the private rights of people in the cyberspace is quite respectable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        242 - The Factors for the Actualization of a Human’s Existential Purpose from the View of Mullā Sadrā
        Tayebeh T Tavakoli Hamed Hadi Vasei Mohammad Hossein Irandoost
        The objective of the present study is to review the factors for the actualization of a human’s existential purpose from the view of Mullā Sadrā. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that Mullā Sadrā recognizes that the purpose is the More
        The objective of the present study is to review the factors for the actualization of a human’s existential purpose from the view of Mullā Sadrā. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that Mullā Sadrā recognizes that the purpose is the real wisdom of “insight into existence, God’s attributes and acts, and insight into the soul and the way of its resurrection” and it is equal to “rational felicity”. He believes that a human who has real felicity has reached his ultimate perfection and is a “perfect man”. Since from the view of Mullā Sadrā, wisdom is insight; and insight is faith; and faith from its lowest to the highest level is accompanied by action and in fact, the quality and quantity of action shows the weakness or intensity of faith, therefore it is not only action that plays an effective role in the emergence of wisdom, but also wisdom reveals itself in the acts of a wise man. A wise man without action just claims wisdom like someone who claims faith but no effect of that is observed in his behavior. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        243 - A Reflection on Favorable Civil Society Based on Social Justice from the View of Nahj ol-Balāghah
        Maryam Barahooie Jahanshahi Mansour Amiradeh Jirkoli Reza Haghpanah
        The purpose of the present study is to reflect on favorable civil society based on social justice from the view of Nahj ol-Balāghah. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it aims to find an answer for this main question: What are the criteria for the formation More
        The purpose of the present study is to reflect on favorable civil society based on social justice from the view of Nahj ol-Balāghah. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and it aims to find an answer for this main question: What are the criteria for the formation of favorable civil society based on social justice from the view of Nahj ol-Balāghah? The results of the study show that people's participation in political and social affairs, paying attention to freedom, the managers' reliance on models, and … are among the criteria for the formation of favorable civil society. Social justice is substantiated in society when all people reach their defined right and everyone can use natural and unnatural facilities according to his/her talents and qualifications. Many social disorders and deficiencies have a root in lack of social justice. Imam 'Ali (AS) by creating a model in leadership and management in Islamic system aimed to organize the elements of government based on religiosity and meritocracy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        244 - The Ontology of 'Eyn ol-Qozāt Hamedāni in the Relation between Wisdom, Religion, and Mysticism
        Aomayeh Amiri Abbas Ahmadi Saadi Mohamad Ali Akhgar
        Mystics throughout history often have had different and sometimes contradictory approaches compared to philosophers and theologians. Although 'Eyn ol-Qozāt Hamedāni is mostly famous in mysticism, he has deep and outstanding views in philosophy and theology, too. The pur More
        Mystics throughout history often have had different and sometimes contradictory approaches compared to philosophers and theologians. Although 'Eyn ol-Qozāt Hamedāni is mostly famous in mysticism, he has deep and outstanding views in philosophy and theology, too. The purpose of the present study is to recognize his philosophical, mystical, and theological principles in the field of ontology using descriptive analysis. The results showed that he has talked in two realms of intuitive perception as well as transferring that to proposition in order to understand the insight and knowledge acquired directly and without any medium just through reason and argumentation. Besides, he has always been a pioneer in proposing new ideas such as manifestation of unit in the universe and unity of existence, correlation between body and soul in human study, using interpretation immensely to understand Qur'anic verses, disobedience of Iblis in refuting to bow down to Adam, and attributing that to true love to the eternal beloved and the process of divine destiny. His philosophical and theological outlook has manifested in his books, especially Tamhidāt, Letters, and Zobdat al-Haqāeq.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        245 - Determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from raw milk
        faeze zadsafar MOHSEN ZARGAR سید سهیل آقایی
        AbstractBackground and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen bacteria, that is resistance to antibiotics and can be used in patients with immune deficiency and cause disease. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aerugino More
        AbstractBackground and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen bacteria, that is resistance to antibiotics and can be used in patients with immune deficiency and cause disease. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from raw milk and multiple resistance of the isolates and ESBL isolates.Method: Initially, 117 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dairy products were confirmed by the standard methods of microbiology and then evaluated the antibiotic resistance of 10 strains against 10 antibiotic which selected from different categories according to the CLSI standard. Results: In the study of antibiotic resistance Ceftazidime antibiotic showed most Antibiotic resistance and amikacin antibiotic polymyxin B antibiotic resistance and lowest, respectively.27 isolates (23%), multiple drug resistance (MDR), the three classes of antibiotics showedand 86 isolates were resistant to the ceftazidime antibiotic (73.5%) isolates, of which 28 were positive ESBL (32.55%). Conclusion: Due to high prevalence Pseudomonas aeruginosa in raw milk, and existence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria, it is necessary to apply appropriate strategies for livestock health control, to prevent the spread of bacteria. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        246 - Molecular detection of DHA beta-lactamase gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from skin samples in Qom
        Horisadat Hejazi Mohsen Zargar mehrdad mamarian
        Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa can infect virtually all tissues in the body. this bacteria can be colonized in burns, wounds, corneal tissue, urinary tract and lungs, and after entering blood, cause septicemia or localized lesions in other parts of the body. Today, More
        Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa can infect virtually all tissues in the body. this bacteria can be colonized in burns, wounds, corneal tissue, urinary tract and lungs, and after entering blood, cause septicemia or localized lesions in other parts of the body. Today, due to the untapped use of effective drugs On the pseudomonas aeruginosa, this bacterium is strongly resistant to antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to find the gene for resistance to beta-lactams in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from skin samples. materials and methods: A total of 100 isolates of Pseudomonas were used in Microbiology Bank of Microbiology Research Laboratory of Islamic Azad University of Qom. After cultivation and biochemical confirmation of isolates, genomic extraction was performed first to detect these genes and then detected by PCR with DHA genes. Results: 45 isolates resistant to imipenem; 22 cases were positive in the double-synergistic disks. Six isolates were positive for DHA gene. Conclusion: Increasing resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes problems in treating patients and a periodic review of drug allergy for inappropriate treatment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        247 - Using a phenotypic method to confirm the presence of the efflux pump associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from skin samples
        Ali Rahmati Mohammad Reza zolfaghary
        Introduction One of the most important causes of nosocomial infections in patients with skin infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance with various mechanisms is one of the problems in treating these patients. The main role in the de More
        Introduction One of the most important causes of nosocomial infections in patients with skin infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The occurrence of antibiotic resistance with various mechanisms is one of the problems in treating these patients. The main role in the development of multiple resistance to antimicrobial drugs is played by the MexAB efflux pumps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the MexAB efflux pumps in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from skin samples. Materials and Methods: In this study 200 swab specimens from patients with skin infections were collected in Qom hospitals. Pseudomonas aeruginosa specimens were confirmed by biochemical tests. The drug susceptibility pattern was compared to ciprofloxacin by disk diffusion method and the phenotypic study of the effects of efflux pumps was done using cartwheel method . Results: In this study, 89 (45%) samples were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, of which 19 cases (21%) were resistant to ciprofloxacin and more than 54% of the presence of the pump in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa more than 54% of the presence of the pump in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: the presence of more than 54% of the presence of the pump in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is important in order to suggest a suitable therapeutic model for the infected patients. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, skin infections, efflux pump Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        248 - The effect of silver nanoparticles on the expression of exotoxin A and S genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
        Muhammad Hemati Zahra Keshtmand Katayoun Borhani
        Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections and exotoxin genes are important in the development of this infection.On the other hand, with the advancement of nanotechnology, today, the use of nanoparticles has been wide More
        Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of nosocomial infections and exotoxin genes are important in the development of this infection.On the other hand, with the advancement of nanotechnology, today, the use of nanoparticles has been widely considered in the field of medicine and medicine, especially against microbes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and S genes. Methods: In this experimental study, the minimum growth inhibition concentration of silver nanoparticles was determined by microdilution method. First, the lowest concentration of bacterial growth inhibitor is determined with silver nanoparticles. Then, at a concentration lower than the lowest growth rate, the expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and S genes was examined by Real time PCR. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey test and P value less than 0.05. Findings: Silver nanoparticles with a concentration of 62.5 μg / ml had growth inhibitory effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Also, at a concentration of 31.25, the expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and S genes was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that lower concentrations (31.25 μg/ml) than growth inhibition concentrations (62.5μg/ml) can reduce the expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and S genes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        249 - Historical place with three contemporary Arab thinkers Mohammed Abed Jabre, Mohammed Arkoun and Mohammad Talebi
        حبیب عشایری
        Mohammed Arkoun criticizes Muslim tradition considers a prerequisite for real freedom and Mohammed Abed al-Jabri it "considers innovation crisis that can not be resolved unless a critical review and present our traditionJabre your purpose of such tradition states that t More
        Mohammed Arkoun criticizes Muslim tradition considers a prerequisite for real freedom and Mohammed Abed al-Jabri it "considers innovation crisis that can not be resolved unless a critical review and present our traditionJabre your purpose of such tradition states that the purpose of the tradition in the same way that in the discourse of modern and contemporary Arabic movement is known, the same belief and religion, language, literature, art, theology, philosophy, SufismIslamic tradition Abed al-Jabri see is: a set of ideas, legislative and sciences that are expressed in language and format that at the time of compilation (the first three centuries AD) and then writtenWith the establishment of the Ottoman Empire in the tenth century, the last manifestation of the movement stopped and sat on the beach.Arkoun to refer to the concept of tradition and contemporary research themes characterize it. But, according to Mohammad Talebi relationship between religion and politics in Islam is one of the four main topics of our times.Other topics include: interpretation of the Koran, religious knowledge and religious debate. However, it seems that the greatest topic of discussion in the work of the Taliban;What dialogue within Islam and what Islam dialogue with other religions is a historical survey method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        250 - Freedom and Human Rights from the perspective of Seyyed Ahmed Fardid Seyed Hossein Nasr
        MohammaJjavad Sadipour Ali Darabi Ali Mortazavian
        Fardid, having invented and expanded the concept of westernization and split it into two types of non-double and double that are subject to the old and new, has had a great impact on the intellectual society of Iran. Freddie sees the Renaissance as the beginning of doub More
        Fardid, having invented and expanded the concept of westernization and split it into two types of non-double and double that are subject to the old and new, has had a great impact on the intellectual society of Iran. Freddie sees the Renaissance as the beginning of double-harboring, because the domination of the subject matter or the originality of subjectivism is the result of evolutionism. Nazrine challenges the discourse of traditionalism or wisdom, the self-centered humanist subject that underlies modernity. The Nazarene is a modernist state with a Renaissance and a religious reformation centered on humanism against the Sunnah. In fact, two different philosophical views of humanism, with the definitions of human beings, are the heart of the anthropological way of thinking. These two, with their particular intellectual and philosophical system, seek the critique of Western modernity, and through this the central axis of modernity, which is humanism or self-founded subject, The focus on the views of these two philosophers on the face of modernity in terms of philosophical anthropology and the analogy of texts such as freedom and human rights as two modern concepts; against mystical definitions such as freedom of the heart and humanity with the sole of human freedom and responsibility In the face of God, instead of human rights It will. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        251 - The Impact of Martyrdom Discourse on the Formation of National Identity
        Reza Parizad Seyed Javad Hashemi Monfared
        10.22034/sej.2021.1899581.1242
        The purpose of the present study is to analyze the effect of altruism and martyrdom discourse on the formation of national identity, within the framework of discourse analysis. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results indicate that the political socia More
        The purpose of the present study is to analyze the effect of altruism and martyrdom discourse on the formation of national identity, within the framework of discourse analysis. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results indicate that the political socialization of the new generation is the solution to identity crisis; and the discourse of altruism and martyrdom has provided the process of socialization with more potential to form national identity. On the other hand, as a result of otherness of this discourse, a resistance approach against the oppressors and dominators is formed. Therefore, those who feel oppressed show resistance by reflecting their identity out of martyrdom discourse and hence fight against or compete with the oppressors. Using this discourse and highlighting some structures and layers of identity coming out of that and by showing the perceived distinctions, Muslim fighters launch a sort of antagonism. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        252 - The Effect of Shahīd Bihishtī’s Ummat and Imāmat (Nation and Leadership) System in Compiling the Constitution
        sajjad Panahi Ali Mohseni
        10.22034/sej.2021.1885781.1215
        The purpose of the present study is to explain the key role of Wialī-i Faqīh (Islamic jurist) in guiding a democratic Islamic society. In this regard, the main research question is whether Shahīd Bihishtī’s Ummat and Imāmat theory could have explained the position More
        The purpose of the present study is to explain the key role of Wialī-i Faqīh (Islamic jurist) in guiding a democratic Islamic society. In this regard, the main research question is whether Shahīd Bihishtī’s Ummat and Imāmat theory could have explained the position of Wilāyat-i Faqīh with respect to people’s right to choose their own destiny. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that Shahīd Bihishtī as a propagator of religious thought could design divine freedom as the important goal of Iran’s Islamic revolution in compiling the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and within the framework of the nation’s divine rights, and then he implemented that as an efficient software in social life and the main axis of Iranian-Islamic power execution. Since materialistic schools especially liberalism, with the slogan of individual and social freedom, attract public and elite as it also had some fans among the western members of the Assembly of Experts who compiled the constitution, Shahīd Bihishtī supporting the Islamic principles criticized the intellectual resource of liberalism and revealed the superficial nature of freedom in liberalism and he regarded that without any divine origin or source and considered it as a drawback and shortfall for this materialistic school. He believed that freedom has a Godly source and is manifested with absolute awareness. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        253 - Explaining the Concept of Freedom in the Ideology of Āyatullāh Bihishtī, the analysis of Principles and Limitations Based on MacCallum Model
        MohammadReza AbdolAhnasab Maghsoud Ranjbar
        10.22034/sej.2020.1872616.1168
        The purpose of the present study is to explain the concept of freedom in the ideology of Āyatullāh Bihishtī based on MacCallum model. Thus, with respect to the fact that freedom in the ideology of Shahīd Bihishtī is of two inner and outer aspects, the main research ques More
        The purpose of the present study is to explain the concept of freedom in the ideology of Āyatullāh Bihishtī based on MacCallum model. Thus, with respect to the fact that freedom in the ideology of Shahīd Bihishtī is of two inner and outer aspects, the main research question investigates how his attitude to freedom is analyzed based on the triplet criteria in McCallum model (actor, obstacle, and objective). This research relies on the hypothesis that although Shahīd Bihishtī pays more attention to inner freedom than outer freedom, he nevertheless attempts to analyze the former as an introduction to the latter and thereby making a bilateral tie between them. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that his approach to the elements of McCallum model is under the influence of his priority to inner freedom. Contrary to the western thinkers whose definition of freedom has no regard for the internal source of freedom, Shahīd Bihishtī in the three aforementioned criteria pays special attention to the inner aspect of freedom and thus his purpose of freedom is not classified just within the modern approach to freedom. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        254 - The Total Attitude towards Political Freedom in Islamic Thought
        seyed Kazem Seyed Bagheri
        The present research aims to reach a comprehensive understanding and total attitude to Islamic thought of political freedom. A descriptive-analytical research method is used. The results show that all internal and external realms of political freedom are considered in I More
        The present research aims to reach a comprehensive understanding and total attitude to Islamic thought of political freedom. A descriptive-analytical research method is used. The results show that all internal and external realms of political freedom are considered in Islamic thought of politic and it emphasized that if a man is entangled by temptation, he will not experience political freedom fully and will be entangled by power and wealth. Being spelled by these two, he ignores this divine gift, serves for the tyrants, and obeys them as well. If there is justice in a society, freedom will be there as well. All justice leads to freedom but not all freedom leads to justice. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        255 - Islamic Human Rights According to Ayatollah Khameni’s Viewpoints 
        Seyyed Sajjad  Izdehi
        There is no universal understanding concerning human being and various schools  of  thought  have  presented  different  views  toward  human being based on their be More
        There is no universal understanding concerning human being and various schools  of  thought  have  presented  different  views  toward  human being based on their belief presumptions. Consequently, human rights can be studied based on the kind of the viewpoints toward human being. Although the human rights have always been clarified based on the  approved  principles  and  norms,  there  is  no  universal understanding in this regard. The materialistic schools, which have a limited background concerning the issue of the human rights in their society,  try  to  globalize  their  reading  of  this  concept,  and  they reproach the others who do not follow this western reading. Beyond the western view, the religion of Islam, which has a long history in considering the human rights, provides a comprehensive view based on  human’s  material  and  spiritual  needs  and  makes  appropriate recommendations to this end, which naturally differ from the western human rights. Considering the most basic components of the human rights, such as the human dignity, freedom, the right to life, the rights of women and respect for the beliefs of others, Islam has provided solutions for considering the human rights based on recognition of the human needs as stated in the religious instructions. Although, Islam has a similar reading about these elements as the western reading, it suggests different solutions for their realization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        256 - Democracy, Freedom and Secularism in the Eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra)
        زهرا صداقتی نیا محمد قدرتی مقصود رنجبر
        This article tries to describe and elucidate political thought of Imam Khomeini (ra) and in order to make processes of freedom, democracy and secularism as he had in his mind. No doubt, his ideas are broad-based, integrated and logical and their elements are organically More
        This article tries to describe and elucidate political thought of Imam Khomeini (ra) and in order to make processes of freedom, democracy and secularism as he had in his mind. No doubt, his ideas are broad-based, integrated and logical and their elements are organically related to one another. Considering political development is one of the approaches to attain typical community concerned to Imam (ra). What is accepted is to pay attention to democracy and approval of what the majority believes in the ideas ruling over the regime. Founder of Islamic Republic of Iran by expressing that he is not opt to impose something on people of Iran, nor are Islam and Prophet (s) permitted to do so referred to likely similarity of his concerned democracy to the western type of democracy and clarified: “the democracy we want to establish is not available in west. Democracy of Islam is more complete than that of the west. “Category of freedom as primary right of mankind has been accepted in this government. Imam Khomeini (ra) believed: “There is freedom in Islam for all walks of life. Basis is national freedom and independence.” Of course, he made it clear that: “Freedom remains limited according to law; freedom ceases to mean that whoever says whatever he wishes to say.” Islamic Republic is a government based on freedom and democracy in the framework of Islam. In secularism, the followers envision that religion and anything with sanctity and spirituality must be set aside from social activities and relations. Therefore, vision and religion are placed exclusive and limited to personal matters and they are incompatible with categories of politics and society. This stream of thought must be originally sought in the positions taken by the west against religion. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        257 - The  Issue  of  Freedom  in  the  Discourses  of  Principlists  and Reformists 
        Sayyed Abolfazl  Hosseini‐Zade Sayyed Mohammad Ali  Hosseini‐Zade
        The present paper answers the following questions: What readings do the political discourses of Principlism and Reformism present about freedom, how do they differ&n More
        The present paper answers the following questions: What readings do the political discourses of Principlism and Reformism present about freedom, how do they differ and why does the scope of freedom in either  one  of  the  two  perspectives  seem  different?  What  is  the position of freedom in Imam Khomeini’s political discourse?  In  the  post‐revolutionary  Iran,  it  was  the  jurisprudential  political discourse  that  could  gain  the  upper  hand  in  presenting  its  own interpretation  of  freedom  and  was  accepted  by  the  majority  of people,  and  after  its  division  into  the  two  political  discourses  of principlism and reformism, it demonstrated two different readings of the issue of freedom.  The first hypothesis and answer by the present paper is that the division depends on the perspective that each of the camps may have on the concept  of  republic.  The  perspective,  which  gives  more  color  to Islamism  and  Divine  legitimacy  in  the  phrase  Islamic  Republic, naturally pays more attention to the authority of an appointed ruling jurist;  in  some  way,  that  perspective  considers  religion  as  the cornerstone and freedom as resulting from it, and interprets freedom within  the  framework  of  Islamic  canon  law.  Contrarily,  the  other perspective,  which  seeks  to  highlight  the  republic  in  the  phrase, naturally focuses more on the meaning and concept of freedom and deems freedom fundamental and even it explicates the popularity of the canon law on the basis of freedom. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        258 - Freedom in the Qur’an: Exploring Possibility or Impossibility   
        Sharif  Lakzai Najmeh  Keikha
        Some people believe that freedom is a modern concept and there is no track  to  be  found  in  the  Islamic  texts  concerning  this  concept. According  t More
        Some people believe that freedom is a modern concept and there is no track  to  be  found  in  the  Islamic  texts  concerning  this  concept. According  to  these  people,  the  freedom  in  the  world  today,  has originated from the thinking of the modern Western society, and it has been absent in the Muslim community. Moreover, even if it is assumed that it is possible to discuss the concept of freedom in the Holy Quran, there is extreme scarcity in this regard in the Islamic literature  and  teachings.Therefore,  we  cannot  provide  literature concerning the issue of freedom and discussing freedom in such texts as  the  Qur’an  remains  impossible.  Meanwhile,  there  are  other viewpoints in this regard which state that it is conceivable to talk about  freedom  in  the  Qur’an,  without  looking  for  counterparts among the modern discussions. . On the one hand, the concept of human freedom has always been the most important concept for human being and therefore the most central text in Islam could not be silent about it; on the other hand, if the meaning and purpose of freedom is determined in the religious texts, we can reflect on the religious texts and investigate aboutthe presence of the elements and  principles  of  freedom  in  the  Qur'an.  Freedom  has  been considered as a modern phenomenon and an achievement different from  the  former  thoughts  and  world  because  the  forms  and manifestations of freedom has changed but the theme of freedom has  always  been  important.  The  present  article  deals  with  the possibility and impossibility of freedom in the Qur’an and tries to discuss some of the main points in this regard. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        259 - The Components of Imprudence in the Character of Sultan Masood Ghaznavi Based on Ardelt’s Three-dimensional Model of Wisdom
        Marzieh Mashalian Leila Hashemian
        10.30495/dk.2022.692014
        There is a growing tendency in psychology towards the study of wisdom. All the scientific models of wisdom so far developed for the notion of wisdom agree on the fact that wise people are characterized by certain cognitive features which are governed by an intellectual More
        There is a growing tendency in psychology towards the study of wisdom. All the scientific models of wisdom so far developed for the notion of wisdom agree on the fact that wise people are characterized by certain cognitive features which are governed by an intellectual equilibrium. If this equilibrium is disturbed, unwise behavior will result. Despite the fact that the notion of wisdom is well-known in all cultures, albeit variously conceived, we still observe many people who adopt unwise attitudes to different political, social, and psychological issues and harm both themselves and their society. Unfortunately, human history has seen many imprudent leaders and states who have proved incapable of governing their nations. The present study seeks to investigate the character of Sultan Masood Ghaznavi as represented in Tarikh-e Beihaghi [Beihaghi’s History] based on Ardelt’s three-dimensional model of wisdom (3D-WS). The research method is qualitative and the population consists of the characters of Tarikh-e Beihaghi, from which Sultan Masood was selected through purposeful sampling. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        260 - Survey of BahaeValad’s approach in interpretation of Quran
        Saeed Farzaneh Fard Ali ramazani Narges Asghari Govar
        10.30495/dk.2021.684910
        Souphiyan’s Poetic and prose writings can be divided to two kinds based on cognition: personal and Intuitivecognition,organized and official cognition. In some of soufiye’s works this kind of cognitions have been reviewed. Sometimes their beliefs were based More
        Souphiyan’s Poetic and prose writings can be divided to two kinds based on cognition: personal and Intuitivecognition,organized and official cognition. In some of soufiye’s works this kind of cognitions have been reviewed. Sometimes their beliefs were based on intellect and were from official texts and the purposeof that publication was to clarify meaning,fixation and teachings of traditionsand Souphiyan’s etiquette and is the result of their contractual knowledge; but sometimes their beliefs are resulted from inner experience and personal perceives and meaning in that case is unclear and ambiguous and the purpose of that kind of publication was to expressintuitive experiences and inner and personal perceivesin ecstasy and passionate moments. One of the proses of Soufiyane’s that defines this kind of emotions wonderfully is BahaeValad’s book that the writer has been focused on expressing thoughts, dreams and his inner forms in climax of his moments ofemotional thrills. Domination of metaphorical language and ambiguity and interpretation and distribution of meaning is apparent all over his book. Interpretation that BahaeValad has from the Quran in his book is very new and fresh. Writer in this article is seeking tohave a discussion about BahaeValad’s approach in interpretation of Quran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        261 - Indigenousism and popular literature in Golestan's works
        marzieh kamallisarvestani seyed kazem mousavi Esmail Sadege seyed jamaloddin mortazavi
        10.30495/dk.2021.685947
        The process of returning to the origin known as domestication was developed in fictional literature in the first few decades of the present century. In its broadest sense, domestication could be regarded as a doctrine seeking for a comeback, a return or an attachment to More
        The process of returning to the origin known as domestication was developed in fictional literature in the first few decades of the present century. In its broadest sense, domestication could be regarded as a doctrine seeking for a comeback, a return or an attachment to local cultural customs, beliefs and values. Ibrahim Golestan, who has so beautifully created everlasting masterpieces in the realm of domestic fiction, with his unique language, at the same time, has made fine timely use of local atmosphere in conveying the meaning to the reader. The local language, dialect and beliefs through the words of the fictional characters of this writer’s works not only help in the development of the plot but they also serve as the writer’s means of expression of and encounter against the social flaws and issues, wrong superstitious beliefs, and economical as well as cultural poverty. The local language and dialect along with the expression of local beliefs help the readers put themselves in the writer’s desired setting so that the characters would appear more lifelike to them. Golestan has made the best possible use of local elements and has achieved great success in the realm of domestic literature. The present study deals with the domestic literature as implemented in the works of Ibrahim Golestan. The aim is to express this writer’s ability in forming successful domestic stories relying on the local atmosphere, thoughts, customs, and dialects. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        262 - Analysis of the novel "Fairies House" by Touraj Zahedi Based on the Young individuality process pattern
        Seyyede mina Mostafavi montazeri Shahin Ogagh Alizade Toraj Aghdaie
        10.30495/dk.2021.1868897.1393
        The analysis of contemporary novels is one of the most important approaches to the narrative critique through the "individuality process" pattern based on Carl Gustav Young's vote. This pattern is about the self-consciousness of self-consciousness and growth. The resear More
        The analysis of contemporary novels is one of the most important approaches to the narrative critique through the "individuality process" pattern based on Carl Gustav Young's vote. This pattern is about the self-consciousness of self-consciousness and growth. The research approach of this article is to analyze the novels of Prince Touraj Zahedi's house based on the model of Young's individuality process, because the discovery of these concepts and their use in modern literary criticism has many uses. The main purpose of this research is to adapt the mystical journey of Reza Razavi's personality to the pattern of Young's individuality process, which makes the hero of the story come to an unity with his inner self, control the negative aspects of his soul and restore his soul to life. This essay uses an analytical-descriptive method to ascertain that a person needs to be familiar with and integrate with an analogue of mask, anima or animus, and to integrate with them in order to eventually achieve the process of individuality. Research findings indicate that Reza Razavi, the main character of this novel, is invited to search the inner world for human perfection. In order to understand himself, he traverses all stages of ritualistic conduct by knowing Anima, receiving ancient guidance and battle with various aspects of his shadow. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        263 - Comparative analysis of Abolhassan Mawardi's political views and Joveyni's writings in the Tarikh-i Jahangosha
        pooran poodat maryam sadeghi givi Ashraf Sheibani Aqdam
        10.30495/dk.2021.1921406.2187
           Abolhassan Mawardi is a fifth-century political theorist who played an important role in shaping the foundations of the Islamic State's political power. The political ideas of Muslim policymakers have also found their way into historical texts over time. In More
           Abolhassan Mawardi is a fifth-century political theorist who played an important role in shaping the foundations of the Islamic State's political power. The political ideas of Muslim policymakers have also found their way into historical texts over time. In this study, the authors have tried to examine in a descriptive-analytical way the similarities between the political views of Mawardi on the requirements of government and the duties of rulers in the book Al-ahkam al-soltaniyya wa al-welayat-e al-diniyya and the religious provinces in the Tarikh-i Jahangosha. Findings show that the main components of common political views in the two books "Al-Ahkam Al-Sultaniyya wa alwelayat-e al-diniyya" and "Tarikh-i Jahangosha-ye Joveyni" in six main areas of rule, duties of Imam and ruler, removal of Imam and ruler, rulers of domination, suppression of opposition, bureaucracy and nine can be checked. In the writings of both authors, the attainment of power and the permanence of government for the ruler is a matter of divine will and approval. The three main duties of the ruler are to help religion, jihad and justice.The caliph and the sultan, in obedience, have equal rights and duties, and the suppression of political enemies is interpreted as jihad, and efficient government agents and institutions increase the longevity of the state. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        264 - Alignment of Medicine and Philosophy And Its Footprint on DaraShokouhi Treatments
        Marjan Mahloujian Mahdi Mohaghegh
        10.30495/dk.2023.700080
        Medicine and philosophy are two branches of science that have been associated since the beginning of the presence; an accompaniment that began in both sciences under the influence of the way of thinking or policy of the earlier civilizations in a preliminary form and co More
        Medicine and philosophy are two branches of science that have been associated since the beginning of the presence; an accompaniment that began in both sciences under the influence of the way of thinking or policy of the earlier civilizations in a preliminary form and continued passing through many ups and downs until the present time. This feature was more prominent in Iranian-Islamic medicine due to the impressionability out of ancient civilizations, especially Greece, or the political and social conditions, which brought together philosophers and experts in the rational and medicine sciences due to the coercion in those periods at a piece of time and place and its result was a legacy that lost its former glory with the Mongol invasion, the policies of the Safavid Era and its consequences, but its sparks remained enlightened in the works of Iranian-Islamic scientists, physicians and experts, who immigrated to India. Among these works, we can mention the book "Treatments of DaraShokouhi" by Noureddine Hakim Ein al-Mulk Shirazi, which owes the medicine mixed with the ancient philosophy and a combination of Indian medicine.The present research, which has been prepared and compiled in a descriptive-analytical manner using library sources, attempts to investigate the philosophical chapters in the medical book of Treatments of DaraShokouhi while mentioning some aspects of the alignment of medicine and philosophy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        265 - The Comparative Reading of Sam Shepard and Akbar Radi’s Selected Plays: An Existential Reading
        Hossein Moradi
        10.30495/dk.2023.1962400.2545
        The philosophical problems of modern society have been a concern of many playwrights. One of the reasons for Akbar Radi's fame in Iranian literature is to address such issues. In the United States, Sam Shepard is also a well-known activist. Questioning about human ident More
        The philosophical problems of modern society have been a concern of many playwrights. One of the reasons for Akbar Radi's fame in Iranian literature is to address such issues. In the United States, Sam Shepard is also a well-known activist. Questioning about human identity and individuality, as well as the relationship of the theatrical character with others, his relationship with society, freedom and desire to acquire desires, are among the topics seen in Shepard and Rady's plays. This article examines these existentialist concepts by comparing Shepard's True West, Buried Child, Rady's Night on the Wet Pavement and Mr. Gill's Magnificent Smile. In each group of plays, the authors reflect the lack of identity, disruption of relationships with others, desires, social responsibilities, and freedom of action. By examining and comparing the selected works of these two authors, in both completely different Eastern and Western societies, the social situation in the emergence of the mentioned philosophical concepts is similar in many respects and, except for a few debatable exceptions, are completely in line. This article aims at a comparative study of these two groups of plays with a view to the existentialist philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre, and finally proves the disappearance of concepts of identity, inability to communicate in society, isolation and the disappearance of the concept of freedom in society. The purpose of writing this article is to investigate and compare the philosophy of existentialism in the selected works of Rady and Shepherd and to find common themes despite the cultural and geographical differences in them. This research is based on the school of comparative literature. Using a comparative approach in analyzing literary works and other works of art with each other leads to a deeper understanding of the works and erasing the boundaries between literary and artistic works. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        266 - The Jungle Movement and its Impact on Contemporary Literature
        Parvaneh Gholizadh Seyyed Saeed Ahazadeh koluri Mohammad Reaz Shad Manamen Jahandoost Sabzalipour
        10.30495/dk.2022.1936640.2315
        The Jungle Uprising, following the failure of the Constitutional Revolution, occurred in the last years of the thirteenth century AH, led by Mirza Kuchak Khan, with the aim of fighting the Shah's dictatorship and overthrowing the Russian and British occupiers from the n More
        The Jungle Uprising, following the failure of the Constitutional Revolution, occurred in the last years of the thirteenth century AH, led by Mirza Kuchak Khan, with the aim of fighting the Shah's dictatorship and overthrowing the Russian and British occupiers from the north and supporting the oppressed people against the courtiers. Corrupt, oppressive landlords and wealthy merchants were formed. The life of this movement was very short due to internal and external attacks. The common people’s support and human goals of the movement caused its incredible influence among farmers and artisans, and at the same time had a profound effect on political, social and cultural institutions and paved the way for a kind of resistance literature in Iran in the form of poetry and literature. The data of this research are provided by documentary method and are analyzed and described using content analysis tools and qualitative methods. The most important achievement of this research is that, firstly, the government and its affiliates have not hesitated to stop killing people in order to protect their interests, and secondly, the emotional impact on the movement's data on the people has been more than its historical impact. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        267 - Study of Diction in Ferdowsi`s Shahnameh
        Tooraj Aghdaie
        This article studies “diction” in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Diction has different meanings and is so frequently used that amounts to the signification of “speech” as one of the bases of “thinking good thoughts, saying good words, and doin More
        This article studies “diction” in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Diction has different meanings and is so frequently used that amounts to the signification of “speech” as one of the bases of “thinking good thoughts, saying good words, and doing good deeds” in Shahnameh. Ferdowsi based his versification of Shahnameh on this so-called triangle to depict a clear picture of man’s life as he deserves it, i.e. a worthy life founded on this triangle. In his Shahnameh, Ferdowsi has used the term “diction” more than two thousand times, either as a single, derivative or compound word, in its literal and metaphorical senses. Then the researcher has tried to scan and study the term in all its form as used by Ferdowsi in order to discover his viewpoint of this signifier – as the sole distinction of human and animals – and its relation to the signified. Although parallel researches can reveal the significance and function of every single word in the structure of this masterpiece of Ferdowsi, the word “diction” undoubtedly matters more, for it is his only means both to narrate his Shahnameh and to express his knowledge and wisdom and his understanding and judgment. Moreover, studying “diction” in Shahnameh brings out Ferdowsi’s adroit use of the term and lets us know not only how he thought about the world but how the characters of his narratives uncover their true selves through speaking.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        268 - Mythological criticism of the novels Heavenly Kingdom and Yakolya and Her Loneliness
        Fateme Heydari Saman Khani Esfandabad
        Psychology as a science indicates that the suppressed wishes of a writer and his daily unfulfilled dreams could be realized in his works, but these works are narrated through symbols and motifs as well as myths. The restructured myths, however, find new meanings due to More
        Psychology as a science indicates that the suppressed wishes of a writer and his daily unfulfilled dreams could be realized in his works, but these works are narrated through symbols and motifs as well as myths. The restructured myths, however, find new meanings due to the time they are used, and so reflect different themes and interpretation of life. In this way they bear an intellectual aura. Each generation receives and interprets the myths in accordance with his needs, motivations and ideological beliefs. The post-coup (August, 19th, 1953) generation of writers deal mostly with themes of war, suffering, sin and death, indicating that the individuals or the society experiences a significant crisis of being. In stories of Heavenly Kingdom and Yakolya and Her Loneliness the recurring theme of death wipes out the pleasant and delightful living of characters. Bahram Sadeqi and Taqi Modarressi substitute, in a surrealistic style, the usual with the unusual, and make the strange and supernatural consequences familiar. Weir and bizarre events appear quite conventional and customary in their illusory world. Believing in individualism and the then social suppression drives the intellectual writers of these two stories refer to the burden of a difficult life derived from specific socio-historical conditions as mythical pains of human beings. Archetypal approach on the background of mythological criticism has a literary work interpreted as a prototype or archetype, and this research studies the above-mentioned stories via an archetypal approach.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        269 - Translation of Death in Hossein Monzavi’s Worldview
        Shiva Abazar Tooraj Aghdaie
        Death as an absolute necessity, bound to happen, is unique and belongs to human beings. Whatever we know of death is assured, or at least seems to be the most absolute knowledge of us as human beings. It is an inescapable reality that all creatures will experience it la More
        Death as an absolute necessity, bound to happen, is unique and belongs to human beings. Whatever we know of death is assured, or at least seems to be the most absolute knowledge of us as human beings. It is an inescapable reality that all creatures will experience it later or sooner. The humankind worldview of death is based on his attitudes towards life. Some people believe that it is attractive and fascinating, while others find it horrible and disgusting. It is clear that the way people try to believe in death has roots in their lifestyles and attitudes towards life. Hossein Monzavi, aka “The King of Ghazal”, the famous poet of 1960s and 1970s, could revive ghazal and made it enthralling and romantic. Some of Monzavi’s ghazals are about death, and he attempts to reveal his attitudes towards the concept of death as a bound to happen. He sometimes believes in death doubtlessly, and sometimes fights it. Despite some contradictions in some of his ghazals about death, he doesn’t believe in death as something absurd and conjectural. This paper aims, through an analytical- descriptive method and by investigating Monzavi’s ghazals, to study his worldview and understanding of death. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        270 - Effective communication, fateful skill in Shahnameh
        mina nabaie reza fahimi
        10.30495/dk.2020.679751
        Characters and their connection to the stories of Shahnameh are of particular importance  Therefore, today's research on the effective communication skills of the ten life skills in the definition of the World Health Organization, all human connections have been ex More
        Characters and their connection to the stories of Shahnameh are of particular importance  Therefore, today's research on the effective communication skills of the ten life skills in the definition of the World Health Organization, all human connections have been extracted and categorized from the stories of Shahnameh.  Then exemplary examples of this communication have been analyzed in this psychological work by identifying the causes and obstacles that make communication unhelpful and the painful communication and impasse.  What determines which communication is effective? What factors can lead to correlation or conflict? The role of reason is intriguing, and the ideals of Iran, although it is based on wisdom, is sometimes the case of good and evil people, as well as some of the main characters, sometimes Changing the direction of the flow of communication is a central theme of this text، and, surprisingly, Ferdowsi, the professor of the power of creating a diverse relationship, finds that, one thousand years before today, the knowledge of the last part of this science has become apparent to the European, and, through this communicative skill, in the light of the prevailing doctrines, sometimes deliberately and elegantly, Effective, different. This methodology, analyzing its qualitative content and its statistical society, all of the variegated archeology of the ancient Naqvar. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        271 - Anti-wisdom during Safavid age
        Hassan shamyan Mehdi Muhaghegh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        272 - Domestic Economy in Asadī Tūsī’s Garšāsp-nāma
        Zahra KazemiPour
        Didactic literature is an old and significant literary genre. Since 4th century (AH) onward moral lessons and advices have been major themes in the works of numerous Persian poets including Asadī Tūsī, whose Garšāsp-nāma, a long heroic epic, contains religious, e More
        Didactic literature is an old and significant literary genre. Since 4th century (AH) onward moral lessons and advices have been major themes in the works of numerous Persian poets including Asadī Tūsī, whose Garšāsp-nāma, a long heroic epic, contains religious, ethical and social themes as well as domestic economics and politics teachings. In spite of numerous verses on the epic, mythical and heroic combats between Garšāsp and Nariman, didactic and moral lessons make up the greater part of Garšāsp-nāma.  Among teachings of Garšāsp-nāma one is domestic economy. Compared with such literary works as Golestān, Nafāes Al-fonūn, Latāef Al-hekma and Aklāq-e Nāserī which are mainly concerned with moral lessons and practical philosophy in specific, Garšāsp-nāma focuses on the same subjects too, though not exactly in the same structure and description. This research is to reveal the way the domestic economy is presented in Garšāsp-nāma. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        273 - Structure Exploring, IR and UV Spectroscopic Properties of Pomalidomide as a Second-generation of Immunomodulatory Agent
        Reza Ghiasi Rahimeh Rasouli Fatemeh Ebrahimi Shaghaghi Farzaaneh Zaarei
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        274 - Evaluation of Tourism Indicators in Rural Development in Amlash city
        Simin Armaghan
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        275 - An Analysis of the Effect of Different Types of Tax on Production and Inflation with an Emphasis on Value-Added Tax and Income Tax
        Omid Ahmadi Arash Jahangiri Babadi khatereh Alemi
        10.22034/sebaa.2023.706866
        Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to recognize and analyze short-term and long-term effects of income tax and value-added tax on these 2 macroeconomic criteria from 1991 to 2021. Considering the result of the unit root test and the stationarity of the variabl More
        Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to recognize and analyze short-term and long-term effects of income tax and value-added tax on these 2 macroeconomic criteria from 1991 to 2021. Considering the result of the unit root test and the stationarity of the variables at the level and with an interval, autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method was used to estimate the coefficients.Results: The results show that both models (dependent variable of the first model: inflation, dependent variable of the second model: gross domestic product) have long-term relation. In the first model, the results indicate that taxes have inflationary effects in the long term. On the other hand, contrary to the expectation of some experts, imposing taxes would improve GDP in the long term. Moreover, the value of ECT (-1) for both models is as expected and equal to -0.775 and-0.901 which means returning to long-term balance in less than 2 periods after the shock.Conclusion: It is suggested that by studying other macroeconomic variables, more attention will be paid to their evaluation and effectiveness on the variables of macroeconomics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        276 - Identification of dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factor gene in Bromus japonicus under salinity stress
        mahboobeh basiri seyed mohsen mosavi nik seyed kazem sabagh davood naderi Asiyeh Siahmarguee Khodadad Mostafavi
        Invasive plant species that are characterized as weed, plants are resistant to environmental hard conditions that this feature can be used to the genetic alternation and transformation to resistant crops. The aim of this study was identification of gene involved in tole More
        Invasive plant species that are characterized as weed, plants are resistant to environmental hard conditions that this feature can be used to the genetic alternation and transformation to resistant crops. The aim of this study was identification of gene involved in tolerance to abiotic environmental stresses in the Bromus japonicus called DREB2. in this subject, salinity stress was applied via sodium chloride, Sequencing and Identification of stress resistance gene in this plant and then sequence obtained was examined. Sequence Analysis and Comparing sequence obtained with sequences this gene in other plants was performed with softwares such as BLAST, ExPasy, ELM, Clustal W, Meg Align. The result was showed that the amplified fragment belonged to part of salinity-responsive element binding-factor gene in this plant. The comparison DREB2 gene sequence with other sequences this gen in the other plant species was confirm the Bromus japonicus and Aegilops tauschii have the most similarity with 89.9% the highest likeness (the lowest genetic distance). Bioinformatics analysis of the amino acid sequence of the translated nucleotide sequence of the gene DREB2 in the Bromus japonicus through software CDD search showed that AP2 Domain area is in this sequence, These sequence was submitted to GenBank, Its accession code is KP406596. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        277 - Evaluation of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Sources on Relative Abundance, Density and Biomass of Weeds in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
        Roya Saeeidi Bahareh Parsa Motlagh Azam Seyedi , Hossein Shekofteh Maryam Ahmadzadeh
        In order to investigate the effect of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer on the relative frequency, density and biomass of safflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications located in the research farm of More
        In order to investigate the effect of different sources of nitrogen fertilizer on the relative frequency, density and biomass of safflower, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications located in the research farm of faculty of agriculture university of Jiroft in 2018-2019 year. The first factor at two levels included the use of manure and non-use of manure, the second factor included different nitrogen fertilizer sources at five levels of control, urea fertilizer, urea fertilizer with sulfur coating, ammonium nitrate, nitroxin and nano nitrogen. The results showed that in all three stages of sampling weeds, Clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Umbrella sedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) weeds had the highest and Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and Sorrel (Rumex crispus L.) had the lowest relative abundance. Different sources of fertilizer had a significant effect on biomass weeds of clover, umbrella sedge, common mallow and other weeds during three sampling stages. Based on the results of mean comparison, the highest biomass was obtained of clover weed in the first stage in the treatment of manure with chemical fertilizers urea (17.04 g). The lowest biomass was obtained in no manure in control (6.47 g) and nano nitrogen fertilizer (4.63 g). Shannon and Margalef indices in the first stage of sampling 0.96 and 0.94, the second stage of sampling 0.79 and 1.06 and the third stage of sampling 0.63 and 1.11 respectively in the treatment of manure was more than to non-use manure. Sources of urea and urea fertilizers with sulfur coating had higher weed diversity index than other treatments. According to the results of this study, it is suggested to use biological sources of nitrogen in order to prevent weed infestation and competition with the target plant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        278 - Investigating the Components of Cultural Ecofeminism In Fig Tree Temples
        Khadijeh Bahram irahnama
        Ecofeminism is one of the movements which fights against any form of domination, hierarchical male / female dualism, contradictions, and conflicts between them. Eco-feminists believe that violence against the mother of nature and women, the inheritance of patriarchal cu More
        Ecofeminism is one of the movements which fights against any form of domination, hierarchical male / female dualism, contradictions, and conflicts between them. Eco-feminists believe that violence against the mother of nature and women, the inheritance of patriarchal culture and many feminine variables are imposed on women by men. The negation of feminine values, men's domination and dominance, simultaneously against nature and women is one of the ecofeminist components depicted in the fig tree temples novel. Therefore, the present study, using descriptive-analytic method, has investigated on the relationship problems between women and nature, violence against nature and woman, men transcendent and humiliating women, by using ecofeminists’ opinions in the fig tree novel. The research results show that women have a close relationship with nature and have been very responsive to its destruction. Violence against nature and women by men, is portrayed greatly in this novel. Violence against the environment, including the destruction of flowers and trees, capturing of birds and animals, environmental pollution and urbanization, and the simultaneous violence against women, have manifested physical, verbal, erotic and economic vision and have caused irreparable damage to them. Nature and women have been become commodity, instrumental look and double exploitation of them both illustrate the hegemony of male / patriarchal power as well as the marginalization of women in the novel. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        279 - Conceptual meaning and visual schemas analysis in the Poetry Collection tabbat manfa (Relying on Lakoff and Johnson's votes)
        Esmaeil Naderi Bibi rahil Sensebli Mohamadmehdi Roshanchelci Ebrahim Namdari
        Metaphor is one of the most important topics in cognitive linguistics. Cognitive metaphor has many conceptual domains, including the domain of origin (perceptible matter) and the domain of destination (abstract matter) and mapping (matching the characteristics of two co More
        Metaphor is one of the most important topics in cognitive linguistics. Cognitive metaphor has many conceptual domains, including the domain of origin (perceptible matter) and the domain of destination (abstract matter) and mapping (matching the characteristics of two cognitive domains that approach each other in the form of metaphor) and includes a diverse set of It is a visual schema that arises from the power of perception through visualization and makes it possible to categorize intellectual phenomena based on daily experiences. Types of visual schemas include: volume, movement and strength. This study is based on the cognitive metaphors of Lykoff and Johnson and aims to evaluate the cognitive metaphors and areas of origin and pictorial schemas in the collection of "Negative Impact" by Adnan al-Sayegh, a contemporary Iraqi poet, it has relied on descriptive-analytical method. The results indicate that the domains of origin are: human, animal, plant, object, time, taste and food, building. The human sphere is divided into two parts: tangible and abstract, and the common point between the two is the expression of the poet's ideology and feelings. In the realm of the object, rational concepts have the properties of objects. " Volumetric schemas have been used extensively, and abstract affairs have taken on a spatial dimension. The movement schema, "Life is travel," had the highest frequency. This schema indicates the dynamics of the image and the poet, and the power schema is divided into two parts: the poet's encounter with the obstacle and his resistance to it. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        280 - Freedom in the Epic Poems of Mahmoud Darwish and Ahmed Shamlou According to Jean Paul Sartre's viewpoints
        Sara Ghiasi Babak Farzaneh Abdolhosien Farzad Sayed Ebrahim Dibaji
        The concept of freedom is one of the most frequent concepts of modern epic poetry, which has found different meaningful dimensions due to the extensive social and political developments. With the growth of philosophical schools, especially the philosophy of existentiali More
        The concept of freedom is one of the most frequent concepts of modern epic poetry, which has found different meaningful dimensions due to the extensive social and political developments. With the growth of philosophical schools, especially the philosophy of existentialism, the concept of freedom became one of the most important categories in contemporary life, and the humanistic and existentialist approach provided the ground for intellectual and social revolutions. Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher, one of the founders of existentialism had crucial role on the existential thoughts and had deep effects on the thoughts of literary writers. Mahmoud Darvish, Palestinian resistance poet, and Ahmad Shamloo, Iranian contemporary modernist poet, are prominent poets whose poems reflect the concept of freedom, the study of their poems reveals their philosophical an existential dimension. The present study with a glance to Sartre's theories, tries to do a comparative study of Darwish and Shamloo's ideas about freedom, in order to analyze the similarities and differences between their poems and express the manifestations of Sartre's thought in the viewpoint of these poets. According to the present study, the concept of freedom in the attitude of Shamloo and Darwish has a philosophical dimension that is not limited to individual freedom and includes the whole society. The concept of freedom in their worldview, is consistent with the categories of precedence existence over the nature, apprehension and responsibility, negation of metaphysical forces, the instability of nature, and the relationship between death and freedom in Sartre's theory. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        281 - Common Egyptian Proverbs versus Women Socio-cultural Identity, in the Shadow of Dominance Theory: A Case Study of Ahmad Shaolan's Book
        Ehya Komasi Amir Mesgar Azra Saberi
        Language, woman and the influence of culture and society in creating language differences between men and women is a topic that has occupied the minds of many researchers for many years. Dominance theory is one of the most important theories that examines the difference More
        Language, woman and the influence of culture and society in creating language differences between men and women is a topic that has occupied the minds of many researchers for many years. Dominance theory is one of the most important theories that examines the difference in social status between men and women and how it reflects on each one specific linguistic behavior. Proverbs are considered the most important linguistic elements explain the lives of people in the society, so that they can be used to study the language of a woman and understand her cultural and social identity. The first volume of the book mosuʽa al-amsāl al-shaʽbyya al-misryya va al-taʽbirāt al-sāʼira (Encyclopedia of Egyptian Popular Proverbs and Common Expressions) by Ibrahim Ahmed Shaolan contains a large number of local Egyptian proverbs that shows women interpretations in a special way. Considering the importance of accent in cultural linguistic studies, we noticed that there have been very few studies about the quality of socio-cultural identity of women in common proverbs among Arabic dialects. Therefore, relying on the descriptive-analytical method and in conformity with the statistical model, we examined local women's proverbs based on the mentioned book and in the light of the dominance theory. The results that we have achieved in this study are as follows: the percentage of negative characteristics of a woman prevails over her positive characteristics. The linguistic behavior of a woman is such that when expressing her opinions and ideas, she usually chooses the nominal and declarative sentence style, in the position of competition and struggle, he chooses the style of repeated first person pronoun and in the time of despair and failure, she often turns to choosing the style of non-declarative sentence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        282 - Rumi's View of Science and its Variant
        Mehdi Mohaghegh Fateme Fateme Heydari Heydari Shiva Heydari
          Science means knowledge and wisdom of some of the interpretations of the meaning which is one of the most dominant thoughts   of the seventh century AH, the poet Rumi. In mystical sources science is found in two forms: external and internal. Mowlan More
          Science means knowledge and wisdom of some of the interpretations of the meaning which is one of the most dominant thoughts   of the seventh century AH, the poet Rumi. In mystical sources science is found in two forms: external and internal. Mowlana believes in the kind of science that guides man towards truth and joins appearance to reality. He is influenced by Hadith and sees   the faithful in search of truth. Mowlana sees the inner knowledge as wisdom and outward knowledge as logic. He is influenced by Quranic thoughts. In his view words are obstacles which expand selfishness and prevent achieving truth. This paper is an attempt to study Mowlana's view of science as   expressed in his Masnavie-Ma'navi. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        283 - Existentialist Freedom in Modern Arabic Novel: The Case Study of the Novel Our Fingers that Are Burning by Soheil Edris
        Khalil Parvini Sadeq Ayenehvand Majid Mohammadi Bayazdi
        Freedom is one of the most fundamental principles of Existentialist Philosophy. This philosophy refuses the difference between human and his freedom while having absolute approach to freedom principle –it does not mean anarchy.  Sohayl Edris's novels reflect More
        Freedom is one of the most fundamental principles of Existentialist Philosophy. This philosophy refuses the difference between human and his freedom while having absolute approach to freedom principle –it does not mean anarchy.  Sohayl Edris's novels reflect many principles of this philosophy such that they had great contribution in developing this literary school as a philosophy with complicated language in Arabic world and this novelist is one of the greatest promoters of Existentialism in Arabic literature. The novel Our Fingers that Are Burning  as the last part of his "al-solsiah" (The trilogy) is one of his most expressive works in representing existentialist freedom. The author has dedicated the  most part of the novel to description of the issue. This novel features a symbol of an existentialist hero who cries existentialist freedom slogan according to severe need of Arabic human to it in this society.   The present study is to discuss issue of this freedom in the novel and to represent its features relying on descriptive and analytical method. The results show that the hero's most important mission of the novel is promotion of absolute existentialist freedom i.e. he refuses whatever  which is against absoluteness of freedom. But he does not mean anarchy and dissoluteness when speaking of this kind of freedom. Of course signs of responsibility and commitment are seen in it. Hence, the hero of the story struggles with a kind of existentialist angst for its accomplishment.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        284 - Spiritual Freedom and the Ways to its Achievement in Poetry of Mikhaeel Naeeme
        Sardar Aslani Afsane Khaje Gudari
        Freedom is one of the most beautiful words in  human glossary and in West it means behavior control with people's complete will and volition , to which in Islamic thought the rights of God being added.  Freedom is two type: 1) social freedom which means that More
        Freedom is one of the most beautiful words in  human glossary and in West it means behavior control with people's complete will and volition , to which in Islamic thought the rights of God being added.  Freedom is two type: 1) social freedom which means that human is free in his/her social and individual behaviors, meaning that other people don’t prevent him/her to reach to his/her goals by imprisoning him/her and/or exploiting him/her. 2) spiritual freedom which refers to human spirit so that the spirit be free from negative and deterrent obstacles. There is  a strong relationship between spiritual freedom, the one who achieves spiritual  freedom also will realized the social one, too. In this article we study the theories of Naeeme about Utopian or ideal freedom and the ways which he guides liberal human to achieve them in his works in an analytical-descriptive way. We try to illustrate the obstacles of reaching freedom. The main purpose of this research is  to analyze the quality of  Naeeme's suggestion for reaching spiritual freedom. We chose this topic according to the high position of  Naeeme and his valuable views concerning human and his freedom and his guidance toward desirable moral traits and his prevention from moral vices and his specific attention to freedom. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        285 - Analysis of the Concept of Freedom in Safadi’s Works and Comparing Them with Sartre
        Ahmad Reza Heidarian Shahri Monir Zibaei
        Existentialism is a so-called philosophic and literal movement  based on personal freedom,   responsibility as well as relativism. In this philosophy in which individual is a building block of any positive changes, his fate and freedom are emphasized. Pre More
        Existentialism is a so-called philosophic and literal movement  based on personal freedom,   responsibility as well as relativism. In this philosophy in which individual is a building block of any positive changes, his fate and freedom are emphasized. Prevalence of this philosophy through literature, led Syrian writers to focus on existentialist thoughts and express such issues as freedom in decision making, choice, responsibility and commitment in literature. Mata Safadi was inclined to this philosophy more than other writers and was affected by Sartre and his existential thoughts especially his revolutionary positions about personal freedom. Thus, Safadi considers human as responsible for his fate and the only constructor of his values who should realize his freedom by relying on his nature. Along this he doesn’t deny relationship with others completely but admit it in a particular framework. He believes that collective commitment doesn’t remove human individuality but only cover his negative traits and existential contradictions. In the present paper it was tried to study the concept of freedom in Safadi’s viewpoint by comparative-analytical method and indicate that to what extent this Syrian writer is affected by Sartre thoughts in his writings in expressing freedom concept and how this effectiveness is  manifested in his works.                                                                                Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        286 - Freedom in Yusuf Al-khal’s Poetry
        Hasan Goodarzi Lemraski Ali Moftakharzadeh Ayoub Heydari
        Freedom is one of the greatest and highest human values and of necessities of life and evolution that all nations have wanted its realization. The word freedom dates back to human history and it has found criterion and rate through indicators such as truth-seeking, just More
        Freedom is one of the greatest and highest human values and of necessities of life and evolution that all nations have wanted its realization. The word freedom dates back to human history and it has found criterion and rate through indicators such as truth-seeking, justice and human's existential growth and defines its own limits and is manifested in literature of different nations in various forms. Freedom in contemporary Arabic Literature is proposed in different ways especially existentialistic freedom origin of which is human's knowledge and wisdom that were revealed in Salah Abd-al Sabour's and Adonis’ poems. This inquiry is going to investigate and analyze this concept in  the thoughts ofYusuf Alkhal, contemporary modernist Syrian poet, from political, social and existential perspective as he has been tired of Zionist's oppression and believes that freedom will not be achieved without effort, great suffering and sacrifice. He sees social freedom as establishment and stability of freedom in society as far as people's presence will be provided in various areas and is an existentialist whose thought’s main and axial issue is man and his concerns. His thinking and thought is focused on freedom for reaching the truth and power of reasoning  is the  most important basis of freedom and considers it as a tool for reaching true freedom. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        287 - Commitment in Abdol Vahab Bayati's Poems
        Salahedin Abdi Leila Asgari
           Committed literature involves  poet or writer's concerns in their specific social, political and national situations . Among its  features it talks about the reality of living writer, and the circumstances that surround it . There is no doubt that More
           Committed literature involves  poet or writer's concerns in their specific social, political and national situations . Among its  features it talks about the reality of living writer, and the circumstances that surround it . There is no doubt that the value of poetry stems from the way dealing with the topics of life , particularly the crucial issues in the lives of human rights and the  subject of literature and committed literature appear to refuse the idea of ​​art for art. Abdul -Wahab al-Bayati, who is one of the poets of the school of realism in Iraq began to publish poetry collections to reveal his feelings to show his devotion. His poetry is  filled with the spirit of rebellion and revolution and to call for freedom and smashing past  idols. In his poems he not only talks about human poverty and tragedy, but also the tragedy of all human being. Bayati  believed in the role of words and its role in change and revolution and in his odes has used man myths such as Prometheus who is the symbol of rebel. In his poems he also has revived historical and popular characters. As the result this paper discusses the notion of commitment from political , religious,and social perspective. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        288 - Apply a correction plan to the domain pond to increase the speed and improve the fractal compression quality of the image
        Jaleh Molaei Zahedi Hamid Dehghani Alireza Malahzadeh
        Here we present a correction domain pond design for fractal image compression. The plan modifies the domain pool for each block of the board, based on the position of that board. So a more efficient and smaller domain library is created for each page. This method reduce More
        Here we present a correction domain pond design for fractal image compression. The plan modifies the domain pool for each block of the board, based on the position of that board. So a more efficient and smaller domain library is created for each page. This method reduces the computational load and reduces the bits required to store the domain position. The results of various experiments on standard images show that this method has a much lower degree of distortion and a much lower computational load. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        289 - Design and Synthesis of an Embedded Processor to Sort Data Based on the Internal Memory of a Programmable Logic Array
        H. Amin Zadeh
        Sorting is still one of the main challenges in processing input digital binary data. Depending on implementation of the sorter, the three main factors are speed, chip area and power consumption.  When realized on a floating point gate array (FPGA), sorter acts like More
        Sorting is still one of the main challenges in processing input digital binary data. Depending on implementation of the sorter, the three main factors are speed, chip area and power consumption.  When realized on a floating point gate array (FPGA), sorter acts like an embedded processor beside many other processing units. For these implementations, the number of CLBs occupied by the sorter is very important. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to implement sorter on FPGA using minimum number of CLBs. Unlike previous algorithms which employ comparator to sort data, this high-power large-area unit is not needed in and most of the process can be fulfilled by the available random access memory (RAM). In addition to less number of CLBs, this approach also improves reliability. To show the effectiveness of the proposed technique, a 256 word sorter with 16 bits word length is synthesized on xilinx spartan 3 XC3S1500 based on this method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        290 - Determining the Effects of Calendrical Anomalies in Automobile Industry Companies Accepted to the Tehran Stock Exchange through Random Dominance Analysis
        Sahand Vahabi Bahareh Banitalebi Dehkordi
        10.30486/fbra.2023.1983885.1190
        Today, having enough knowledge and understanding of investors about the existence of anomalies as well as the type of reaction of industries in the capital market can have a major impact on the economic prosperity of the capital market. Therefore, the purpose of this re More
        Today, having enough knowledge and understanding of investors about the existence of anomalies as well as the type of reaction of industries in the capital market can have a major impact on the economic prosperity of the capital market. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of calendar anomalies on the index returns of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the field of automobile industry in the period of 2015-2018. The research was done based on the random dominance analysis method and using the Electra technique, which is a new method in financial research. The findings show that the three main hypotheses that there is a significant difference between the efficiency of the automobile industry index on Saturday to Wednesday, in the first, second, third and fourth weeks of each month and in the months of April to March, all three are rejected. which indicates the inefficiency of automobile industry companies of Tehran Stock Exchange. Also, according to the findings of the research, it was determined that among the days of the week, Saturday and among the weeks of each month, the first week, is the most suitable day and week for investing in the automobile industry. In addition, the best month for investing in the automobile industry is March and the worst month is June. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        291 - A Theoretical Study on Three Tautomeric Forms of Lenalidomide with Density Functional Theory
        abolghasem shameli Shima Jonidei
        In this study, the totemic structure, optical and electron properties, electron absorption spectrum, vibrational frequencies, thermodynamic properties and charge distribution of three amide and imidic acid structures of lenalidomide via quantum chemistry calculations us More
        In this study, the totemic structure, optical and electron properties, electron absorption spectrum, vibrational frequencies, thermodynamic properties and charge distribution of three amide and imidic acid structures of lenalidomide via quantum chemistry calculations using density functional theory (DFT) Time-dependent (TDDFT) hybridization with B3LYP function and base set 6-311 + G ** were investigated. The computational results show that the amide structure of lenalidomide has good quantum properties that can act as a drug. The energies of the amide and imidic acid structures of lenalidomide indicate that the amide structure with little energy difference is more stable than the imidic acid structure. Calculations of excited states show that the structure of the amide lenalidomide has better adsorption properties. The nonlinear optical properties of the amide structure of lenalidomide are also higher than the imidic acid structure of lenalidomide but the chemical hardness of the amide structure is lower than that of the imidic structure, indicating that the reactivity and charge transfer of the amide structure are higher than the imidic acid structure. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        292 - Wisdom in Contrast with Love and Madness in Masnavi and Shams Sonnets
        hadi Khadivar Rajab Tohidian
        A long-time existing subject in Persian mysticism, which has formed innovative works, is wisdom and its contrast with mystical love and madness or the contrast of Aristotelian peripatetic school (philosophy and reasoning) with the platonic Eshragi school (mysticism and More
        A long-time existing subject in Persian mysticism, which has formed innovative works, is wisdom and its contrast with mystical love and madness or the contrast of Aristotelian peripatetic school (philosophy and reasoning) with the platonic Eshragi school (mysticism and intuition). The wisdom which is confronted, and humiliated,  by a mystic poet like Molana in his two eternal works, i.e. Masnavi and Shams Sonnets, is Greek wisdom which follows self and dream, acting as an obstacle in reaching the destination, and in Molana's words, “It is the incomplete love which denies love.” This does not refer to the complete wisdom, bearing the title of “wisdom of wisdom,” which has been admired and praised in religious verses and sayings and in the works of some mystics such as Molana. This paper, by referring to other mystical poems and texts, tries to examine the contrast between such wisdom and mystical love and madness.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        293 - Investigating the role of allegory in explaining the category of "self-creation" in Pahlavi's contexts
        Batool Fakhr Eslam Hamideh HasanKhani
        an allegory plays a key role in explaining the concepts to the general audience. Hence, it reflects on the religious and ethical texts addressed to the public. In the present article, using the descriptive method and the content analysis technique, the allegories used i More
        an allegory plays a key role in explaining the concepts to the general audience. Hence, it reflects on the religious and ethical texts addressed to the public. In the present article, using the descriptive method and the content analysis technique, the allegories used in Pahlavi tales are analyzed based on the content of the category and its role in the self-made category. The results of the research show that the authors of the articles by using allegory have succeeded in simplifying the complex and epistemic concepts, objectivity to cognitive abstract issues, and facilitating the process of contacting the writer with the text. It was also found that the allegories were categorized according to the content into "ethical and educational", "religious", and "philosophical and verbal" types. The paraphernalia in these texts is also often inhuman (including imaginary beings, celestial bodies, and elements of nature). Moreover, some of the allegories seen in Persian and Arabic texts are rooted in these Pahlavi and Avesta texts and texts. Thus, allegory has been effective in the transfer of part of the intellectual heritage of ancient Persians to Islamic era. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        294 - A Sociological Approach to the Lack of Cohesion in Hindi-Style Sonnet (Examining the Relationship between Hindi-Style Poets’ Worldview and the Sonnet Structure of this Style Based on Lucien Goldmann’s Structure-Orient Developmental Theory)
        Kazem Dezfoolian Rad Mona Ali Madadi Ma’soomeh Talebi
           Studies on Hindi style are often limited to items such as discussing delicate meanings, allegory, and so on, while other points, including the structure of the main frame of this style, that is, sonnet, have not been paid enough attention to. This study, ba More
           Studies on Hindi style are often limited to items such as discussing delicate meanings, allegory, and so on, while other points, including the structure of the main frame of this style, that is, sonnet, have not been paid enough attention to. This study, based on Lucien Goldmann’s structure-orient developmental theory (emphasizing the relationship between the author’s worldview in the work and its structure), tries to examine the Hindi-style sonnet structure, its lack of cohesion, and the contradictions in its lines.    The present study shows that the poets’ ignoring wisdom in this style--inherited from Iraqi-style poets’ worldview-- along with their trivial view--being the result of their ignoring wisdom on the one hand, and their attempt to find delicate meanings on the other hand-- have resulted in these poets’ incoherent, nonsystematic, and contradictory worldview. This worldview is reflected in the internal incoherence, looseness of its basis, and contradictions in the lines of the Hindi-style sonnet.       Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        295 - Wise doctrines in shāhnameh
        Abdollah Rezaee
        Ferdowsi mostly pays attention to Persian culture and civilization , so this wise sag's great masterpiece is full of the wise and cultural doctrines. According to the statement: '' Wisdom is the first thing that was created '', Ferdowsi calls wisdom the hospital of any More
        Ferdowsi mostly pays attention to Persian culture and civilization , so this wise sag's great masterpiece is full of the wise and cultural doctrines. According to the statement: '' Wisdom is the first thing that was created '', Ferdowsi calls wisdom the hospital of any in curable disease, which nothing will lead to success without it. In this essay, the main subject is to review, study and present precisely the efficient wisdom that have been the pattern and the main strategy of our successful and prosperous ancestors in this territory. We will present a crystallization of the wise do ctrines of this cultural scientist to the reader's wisdom and intellect, in order to cause him to be able to use and adopt the precious pearls of these doctrines, and by using it, the reader would use his upper efforts and endeavors for the prosperity and success of this region and country, much more and better and more guiding. Besides the wise doctrines that have been emanating our ancestor's bright success, he prohibits us from going to the ignorance road, which he calls it the Satan's astray.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        296 - Educational theme imagery in The Revolution lyrics
        s. ahmad hoseini Kazerooni mohammad reza Kamali Baniani2
        No doubt the poet to write a poem on each of the fields of human agents, and has an inherent tendency to create the world, religion, nature and ... Has changed. In the poem more than anything else, a poet in abstract concepts for the audience to feel that the process ha More
        No doubt the poet to write a poem on each of the fields of human agents, and has an inherent tendency to create the world, religion, nature and ... Has changed. In the poem more than anything else, a poet in abstract concepts for the audience to feel that the process has benefited a lot of functions. Functions such as color or new interpretations and expressions of cultural interactions that are emerging into poetry. In this regard, the use of imagery with educational theme - the moral one of the most important poets of the period was wet. In this paper, the structural transformation imagery (in this analogy) in Poetry Islamic Revolution, as it will be discussed by examining motif. Educational theme elements such as beliefs and imagery in poetry, revolution, revolutionary elements, certain elements of the culture of martyrdom. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        297 - Poetry Style in the Constitution Era
        Seyed Ahmad Hoseini Kazerooni
        Constitutional Revolution caused new concepts, which had not been common before, to emerge, revolutionizing, in turn, the social and political institutions. These changes transformed the mental structures of those social classes that were the new audience in these trend More
        Constitutional Revolution caused new concepts, which had not been common before, to emerge, revolutionizing, in turn, the social and political institutions. These changes transformed the mental structures of those social classes that were the new audience in these trends. This discourse led to entire changes in the meaning and language of poetry. Thus, those words and combinations, announced time and place, and events that had not been employed in traditional poetry, entered poetry, and, as a result, changed its overall style. The social changes of this era brought a new life into the Persian literature. These newly emerged literary works were, in fact, in a way or other, capturing the western civilization not being captured by it. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        298 - An inquiry on symbolism in Seventh Dome (with an emphasize on ghanaian and didacticliterature)
        Raheleh Abdollahzadeh Borzo
        The Haft Peykar, which can be translated literally as “seven portraits” but also with the figurative meaning of “seven beauties”, is one of the masterpieces of ghanaian literature which is written by NeẓamiGanjavi. This book in using symbols to s More
        The Haft Peykar, which can be translated literally as “seven portraits” but also with the figurative meaning of “seven beauties”, is one of the masterpieces of ghanaian literature which is written by NeẓamiGanjavi. This book in using symbols to state psychological structure of human is unique. He in his book has depicted the conduct of Bahram in Seven Valleys of Seven Firmamentsby Seven Empress of World, in order to have reachedBahramto wholeness and perfection.In Seventh Dome which has been specific to the white color and Venus, the story is telling by Dorsati, the Iranian princess, and all things have the smell and color of whiteness. The devout khawaja is a symbol of the BahramGur that in his trip from outward piety reached to inward piety. Among the symbols used in this story are moon, sun, tree, water, music, the guardian, women, thorn and etcetera. The aim this articleis to analyze the symbols used in the aftermoststory of Haft Peykar. At the end, a brief comparison between Bahram as a historical epic character and the Iranian athlete Siavash is p. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        299 - Ferdowsi, Epic and Lesson Teacher* (A Reflection on the Educational Role of Shahnameh Stories)
        Maryam Rezabeigi ali salimi
        Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is even though throughout the war and canvas cover, but there are lots of educational remarks, regarding taking lessons from the world. This great masterpiece, in describing the life of kings and heroes, has expressed the most beautiful and in More
        Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is even though throughout the war and canvas cover, but there are lots of educational remarks, regarding taking lessons from the world. This great masterpiece, in describing the life of kings and heroes, has expressed the most beautiful and instructive about the life and death. This book, all over, is Hakim warm breath that with the entire artist, join Iranian reason rather with Islamic beliefs and has balanced combination of human thoughts about education. In place of this immortal work, prosperity, and then ending King's life have been seen with the lesson's approach, Tous Hakim, amidst the history of their, has been linked happiness’s to the failures. Because his attitude is inspired by deep religious insight, Death of his views is as a ladder for the transfer of house to mortal remains. Moreover, he looked to the world as meaningful rewards is distinguishing feature of the prevailing thoughts of the Shahnameh. Although this idea has been proposed in the Islamic beliefs, But Ferdowsi, Inspired by the wisdom of ancient Persia, it highlights this aspect of the criminal act, so that most of his champions in the world to reach their great deeds.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        300 - Khatun hessari A survey on : women’s rights and their social status Based on the “Mathnavis works” in “Leily & Majnoon” and “Khosro & Shirin”
        miresmaeel Ghazi Shiraz
        Women are actually our sisters, mothers, daughters and our “spouses” . From our perspectives (men), they are considered as the noblest, loveliest, most attractive and most “decent” humans on Earth. We, thus, accept no miss-conception, mistrust re More
        Women are actually our sisters, mothers, daughters and our “spouses” . From our perspectives (men), they are considered as the noblest, loveliest, most attractive and most “decent” humans on Earth. We, thus, accept no miss-conception, mistrust regarding them. Since very old days, there have existed different opinions as regards women’s liberation and their equality of “Rights” with men. Unfortunately the origin of this misjudgment, and misinterpretation have been based on , somehow, unjust evaluation , in other words the misconception of so-called superiority of “man over women”. If this very ill-supposed implication is not justified, all men’s endeavor will presumably be misguided, and lead to social ambiguities. Nezami, in two of his Mathnavi’s works has successfully illustrated woman’s social status. He believes that Leily suffers from her family’s unfair and Arab ethnic tradition; while Shirin was trained and grown in fairly liberal, Iranian and Armenian culture. The conflicting characters of these Two women have been illustrated the Iranian poetry. Nezamy, has artistically illustrated the Iranian woman’s life; specially her freedom to select her spouse (husband) this is the most fundamental right for each person.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        301 - The Concept of the "Freedom, Holy Quran, Slave & Liberal", in the Thoughts and Poems of Iqbal-e-Lahore-ri
        gholam Mohammed
        The present article describes "The Concept of "Freedom, Holly Quran, Slave & Liberal;” in the thoughts and poems of Iqbal-e- Lahore-ri to the readers. Each word of the above-said itself is a topic indicating Iqbal's message. This was a message at Iqbal's time More
        The present article describes "The Concept of "Freedom, Holly Quran, Slave & Liberal;” in the thoughts and poems of Iqbal-e- Lahore-ri to the readers. Each word of the above-said itself is a topic indicating Iqbal's message. This was a message at Iqbal's time for the Indian Muslims and Indian people to make India free from the British rulers. The words of Iqbal represent also a message for the coming generations and to all freedom fighters of the world. It should be mentioned that a quoted line of Iqbal’s poetry:     در جـهـان نـتـوان اگر مـردانـه زیسـت    همچون مردان جان سپردن زندگیست -“If  you can not lead a manly life,/ To die like a man is itself life”- contains the famous words of Imam Hussein (Peace Be Upon Him) and Tipu Sultan of Mysore-India.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        302 - science in the of Adib-ol-mamalek farahani
        Mazaher Mosaffa Abbas Saadati
          Whatever makes the literature of constitution era excellent from the other  farsi poem era belongs to the new contents a fit .the poem of Adib-ol-mamalek is the full reflection of political and social conditions of constitution period. Because of the fast c More
          Whatever makes the literature of constitution era excellent from the other  farsi poem era belongs to the new contents a fit .the poem of Adib-ol-mamalek is the full reflection of political and social conditions of constitution period. Because of the fast changes of constitution era he is not indifferent to the political and social affairs and changes in the country. He  can not be a resident of 'ivory tower'. Adib-ol-mamalek is one of the classic of this period .he tries to explain social and political contents in the form of ode - quasida -, fragment, couplet poem, multiple poem, return-tie composite-tie. In this survey for subjects such as: freedom mother country law science . have been studied in the poem of Adib-ol-mamalek. The result shows that science and knowledge words in comparison to the other words have more reflection in Adibs poetry ignorance has been blamed very much as well. Finally ignorance fighting of Adib is a good stimuli for the awareness of the public. specially  when this in the form of satire facetiae so it makes people think about it. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        303 - Design of a Dynamically Balanced 2-DOF Planar Parallel Manipulator using Four-bar Legs
        Amin Poursafar Meisam Vahabi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        304 - Numerical Study of Coupled Non-Gray Radiation and Separation Convection Flow in a Duct using FSK Method
        Meysam Atashafrooz Seyyed Abdolreza Gandjalikhan Nassab Khosro Lari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        305 - Design an Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller for a Class of Underactuated Systems
        Hossein Moeinkhah Mohammad Ahmadi Balootaki
        10.30495/admt.2021.1898210.1194
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        306 - The Effect of Schema Therapy on Extramarital Relationships and Domestic Violence in Women with Emotional Divorce
        hosein kiaee rad Reza pasha parviz askary behnam makvandi
        10.30486/jsrp.2020.1906373.2551
        This study aimed to investigate the effect of schema therapy on extramarital relationships and domestic violence in women with emotional divorce. The research method was semi experimental with pre-protest, follow-up and control group. The statistical population of this More
        This study aimed to investigate the effect of schema therapy on extramarital relationships and domestic violence in women with emotional divorce. The research method was semi experimental with pre-protest, follow-up and control group. The statistical population of this study was women with emotional divorce referred to counseling centers and social emergency centers in 123 Dezful of County. 40 women with emotional divorce who obtained above 8 score on this scale were selected as a sample by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of 20 participants (experimental and control). For the experimental group, schema therapy was performed in 16 sessions in 2 months. Emotional Divorce Scale (Gottman, Gottman & Silver, 1995), Domestic Violence against Women Scale (Haj-Yahia, 1999), and Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale (Whatley, 2012) were used as the evaluation tools in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24 using analysis variance of with repeated measures. The results showed that schema therapy is effective in reducing extramarital relationships and domestic violence, and this result was stable in the follow-up phase (p <0.01). According to the results obtained, and the continuation of its effect in the follow-up phase, the use of schema therapy is recommended to reduce extramarital affairs and domestic violence in women involved in emotional divorce. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        307 - Predicting Students' Domain Specific Hope within the Framework of their Attachment Styles
        ahmad valikhani محسن سالاری سلاجقه فرهاد خرمایی
        The purpose of current study was to predict specific domains of hope based on attachment styles. The research design was correlational. The population consisted of all newcomers to Bu-Ali University of Hamedan in 2011-12. From among them, 250 were selected by multistage More
        The purpose of current study was to predict specific domains of hope based on attachment styles. The research design was correlational. The population consisted of all newcomers to Bu-Ali University of Hamedan in 2011-12. From among them, 250 were selected by multistage random sampling. Then, they attended the research instruments namely, Hazan and Shaver Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire (1987) and Sympson Adult Domain-Specific Hope Scale (1999). The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results showed that secure attachment style positively and significantly predicted each of five specific domains of hope (i.e. social relationship, academic, family life, occupation, and leisure time); but avoidant attachment style did not have any significant relationship with them. Furthermore, ambivalent attachment style could just predict family life of domain specific hope negatively and significantly. These results show that hope increase in individuals should be considered by their attachment styles since it needs to be taken place within certain specific domains of hope in order to avoid any further problems and to facilitate the efficacy of hope-inducing properties. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        308 - The effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in anxiety and boredom proneness in generalized anxiety disorder girls
        Zahra GhamkharFard Maryam Bakhtiari Zahra Hajiheidari Minoo Pouravari Karineh Tahmasian
        10.30486/jsrp.2019.547561.
        This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy in anxiety and boredom proneness in children who suffer from general anxiety disorder (GAD). The Statistical population included all of the girls who suffer GAD in Tehran ( More
        This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy in anxiety and boredom proneness in children who suffer from general anxiety disorder (GAD). The Statistical population included all of the girls who suffer GAD in Tehran (aged 11-13 years). The research method was two-group pretest-posttest design with repeated measure. The sample included 32 middle school girls who had major diagnosis of GAD based on DSM5. The samples were selected by available sampling and assigned to two groups (one experimental and one control group) by randomized allocation. The experimental group received group cognitive behavioral therapy in 18 sessions and one time in a week, with duration of 90 minutes. The scales were used in this study included of Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and Boredom Proneness Scale (BPS). One way ANOVA repeated measure was used for data analysis. The results of the study showed the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy on anxiety reduction (p<0/05). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        309 - Semantic network of rejection and disconnection: providing persian words and examining their relation to early maladaptive schemas of disconnection and rejection domain
        Maryam Hedayati Fariba Zarani Vahid Nejati Fereshteh mootabi mahmood Heydari
        10.30486/jsrp.2020.1865843.1790
        In order to research in field of implicit cognitive processes and cognitive biases in early maladaptive schemas, providing any related stimulus to schemas is necessary. This descriptive study was conducted to determine the Persian words related to schemas of disconnecti More
        In order to research in field of implicit cognitive processes and cognitive biases in early maladaptive schemas, providing any related stimulus to schemas is necessary. This descriptive study was conducted to determine the Persian words related to schemas of disconnection and rejection domain as the verbal stimulus. 404words were selected through reviewing the Persian lexicon, Sadri Afshar by researcher based on their relation to common unmet emotional needs and emotional memories of people with schemas. 164 words were selected based on content validity by three schema therapists as activating words for schemas and their related schemas were determined. Abandonment, mistrust, emotional deprivation, defectiveness and social isolation were determined to 32, 50, 29, 32 and 6 words. Then the extensions to which they were linked to schemas were evaluated in the 4 score Likert scale by 30 psychologists who were trained in schema therapy. The repetition of the core content in each group of words indicates patients’ concerns and emotions and importance of emphasis on speech and inner speech. This verbal database can provide materials for cognitive paradigms in evaluating, treating and preventing activation of schemas. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        310 - Depression in the elderly: Investigating the role of self-compassion and wisdom
        Niloofar Mikaeili Saeede hedayat
        10.30486/jsrp.2019.1865286.1770
        The purpose of this study was to determine the role of self-compassion and wisdom in anticipating depression in the elderly. The statistical population of the study consisted of all elderly people over 60 years of age in Kermanshah in 2019. A total of 200 elderly member More
        The purpose of this study was to determine the role of self-compassion and wisdom in anticipating depression in the elderly. The statistical population of the study consisted of all elderly people over 60 years of age in Kermanshah in 2019. A total of 200 elderly members of the Association of retired persons were selected through accessible sampling. In this research the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), The 3D Wisdom Model (Ardelt, 2003) and Geriatric Depression Scale (Yesavage, 1982) were used to collect information.Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple stepwise regressionanalysis and via SPSS25 software. Findings show that self-compassion and wisdom are correlated with depression. Also, the results of regression coefficients showed that%25 of variance of depression was predicted by self-compassion and%19 of variance by wisdom. Therefore, the high level of self-compassion and wisdom as important factors in improving mental health reduces the risk of depression in the elderly. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        311 - Construction and standardization of Wisdom Measuring Questionnaire (WMQ) for high school students in Isfahan
        mohammad ali salmani ardani Mansoureh Shahriari Ahmadi mahdi davaee
        10.30486/jsrp.2021.1919380.2784
        This study has been written with the aim of introducing a questionnaire to measuring of students' level of wisdom. The present study is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statist More
        This study has been written with the aim of introducing a questionnaire to measuring of students' level of wisdom. The present study is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population in this study included all adolescent students of girls 'and boys' high schools in Isfahan in the number of 52813 people in the academic year 1397-98. Cluster random sampling method was used and 400 people were included in the main sample. Factor analysis, content validity and construct validity were used to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spss and AMOS software using correlation coefficient, heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis. The KMO value (0.892) indicated the adequacy of sampling. The results of factor analysis showed that the eight factors of general wisdom, religious wisdom, emotional wisdom, human wisdom, spiritual wisdom, moral wisdom, social wisdom and scientific wisdom and special values higher than one could have been 71.494% of the variance of items. The reliability of the questionnaire in terms of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.895 and for the first factors (general wisdom) 0.756, the second factor (religious wisdom) 0.727, the third factor (emotional wisdom) 0.715, the fourth factor (human wisdom) 0.712, the fifth factor (spiritual wisdom) 0.700, the sixth factor (moral wisdom) 0.702, the seventh factor (social wisdom) 0.680 and The eighth factor (scientific wisdom) was calculated 0.672.The results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit index is at a desirable level. In general, the results of the validity study and the calculation of the reliability of the questionnaire and the coordination of the components with each other and with the total score, show that the questionnaire is sufficient and is a suitable tool for assessing the wisdom of adolescent students. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        312 - Effectiveness of mindfulness training on academic burnout and boredom of students with bullying behavior in the second secondary school
        Shahrooz Nemati Rahim Badri Gargari Sepideh Kazemi
        10.30486/jsrp.2023.1962835.3526
        The aim of this research was to study the effects of mindfulness training on academic boredom and burnout of students with bullying behavior. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The study population included all male and f More
        The aim of this research was to study the effects of mindfulness training on academic boredom and burnout of students with bullying behavior. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The study population included all male and female students with bullying behavior in the second secondary level of Bostan Abad city, in the academic year of 2021, and 30 of them were selected by using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The Bullying questionnaire of Olweus (1989), Barco’s Academic Burnout questionnaire (1997), and Pekrun’s Academic Boredom questionnaire (2002) were used to collect the data. The mindfulness intervention program was held in eight 45-minute sessions for the experimental group. Multivariate analysis of covariance revealed that the impact of a mindfulness training program on Academic Burnout was 85% and on Academic Boredom of students with bullying disorder was 78% (p<0.05). Results of a result, mindfulness training can be used to improve the boredom and academic burnout of bullied students. According to the consultants, can use the results of this research to improve the professional skills of teachers and schools to deal with students' academic problems. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        313 - The Effect of Brain Dominance on Task-based Reading Comprehension among Iranian EFL Learners
        Armin Hormozi Zohreh Gooniband Shooshtari Sediqeh Vahdat
        10.30486/relp.2021.1930940.1276
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        314 - A Survey on the present status of the ability and competencies of the teachers from the perspective of students and the comparison with the ideal situation from the perspective of experts about physics in the fourth grade of high school
        mahsa jalily hoseyn nikfarjam
        The major goal of this research was surveying on the present status of the ability and competencies of the teachers from the perspective of students and the comparison with the ideal situation from the perspective of experts about physics in the fourth grade of high sch More
        The major goal of this research was surveying on the present status of the ability and competencies of the teachers from the perspective of students and the comparison with the ideal situation from the perspective of experts about physics in the fourth grade of high schools in Shahre ghod. This research as an applied one was carried out on the basis of descriptive-explanatoryresearch methodology. The participants of the research were students from 15 High schools. The research sample was taken based on Krejsi and Morgan Sampling Table. The sample size was consisted of 280 students. Furthermore, 35 educational experts were surveyed. The stability of the research's tool was estimated by the Cronbach's alpha as 89%. The research data was analyzed by the alpha one-sample t-test and independent samples t-test statistics. The analysis of data based on the students’ perspectives revealed that cognitive, affective domain and skills were different from educational experts’ perspectives. The research findings showed that on physics education and laboratory, the teacher was not competent. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        315 - The analysis of spiritual intelligence amongst the implementers and the receivers of” Religion and Life” curriculum in high school
        mohammad amini mohammad reza tammanneifar asieh nazhad
        The chief aim of this essay is to study and to analyze the position of spiritual intelligence and its components amongst the implementer and the receivers of “Religion and Life” curriculum in the fourth grade of high school. All the teacher, Teaching the &rd More
        The chief aim of this essay is to study and to analyze the position of spiritual intelligence and its components amongst the implementer and the receivers of “Religion and Life” curriculum in the fourth grade of high school. All the teacher, Teaching the ” Religion and Life” courses, along with the 348 fourth grade high school students, who were chosen randomly based on the clustering sampling method, were selected as the statistical population. A questioner, consisted of 42 questions about spiritual intelligence, was, then, used to collect the data. The validity and reliability, both, have been confirmed the first by means of the theoretical sources as well as the experts of the field and the second by Coronbach’s Alpha (%85). Both descriptive statistics (mean and slandered deviation) and inferential statistic (t-test) were used to analyze the data. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the teachers and students are not highly different in terms of spiritual intelligence whereas, this difference is more conspicuous between the boys and the girls. In addition, these findings indicate that the degree of knowledge and awareness of teachers about spiritual intelligence and its components is very low and, therefore, there is a serious challenge in this filled . The priority, hence, should be given to promote the spiritual intelligence as well as changes in both textbooks and teaching methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        316 - The Relationship Between Learning Styles And Brain Quadrants Dominance Of Students
        Mohammad Reza Nazemi Hasan Toozandehjani
        The present study was to investigate the relationship between learning styles of students was conducted brain dominance quarterdesigned and completed descriptively with correlation design. This descriptive correlational study was designed. Statistical Society  of t More
        The present study was to investigate the relationship between learning styles of students was conducted brain dominance quarterdesigned and completed descriptively with correlation design. This descriptive correlational study was designed. Statistical Society  of this research consisted of all secondary school students in the Mashhad were enrolled in the academic year 93- 94. The sample included 380 students of middle schools of Mashhad city. Herman’s brain dominanceand Kolb's learning styles questionnaires were administered by members of sample. The Research results showed that learning styles and brain quadrants dominance have a significant relationship, so that there are positive significant relationships between diverging and assimilating learning styles with D & C brain quadrants and between Converging and accommodating learning styles with A & B brain quadrants. Because of its flexibility and ability to change in the brain, the experience of learning styles can cause changes in the brain and control over different parts of the brain causes. Given the importance of student achievement and effect styles learning behavioral and cognitive function in the brain, which need further education in learning styles of each student for teachers and coaches to be considered.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        317 - The relationship between learning styles and academic achievement in female high school students of Esfahan
        جهانبخش رحمانی مینا ازلی
        The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between learning styles of female high school students and their academic achievement. The target population was female high school students of educational district No.5 of Esfahan including 3483 students. More
        The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between learning styles of female high school students and their academic achievement. The target population was female high school students of educational district No.5 of Esfahan including 3483 students. Trough multi- stage random sampling method, 350 individuals were selected as the research sample. Research method was descriptive – survey method and data collecting was a questionnaire named Felder and Solomon Learning Style Index (FLSI). Using test-retest method, the reliability of questionnaire was calculated and obtained coefficients were : 0.86 for sensory-intuition domain,0.84 for active-reflective domain,0.86 for visual-verbal domain,0.82 for sequential-global domain. Felder and Solomon have verified validity of the questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions. Results showed that in human science courses, intuitive learning style, and in empirical science courses, global learning style correlated to academic achievement of students. Other styles showed no significant correlation with academic achievement. Multi regression analysis revealed that intuitive learning style of students of human science courses and global learning style of students of empirical science courses can predict academic achievement. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        318 - Content Analysis of Mathematics Textbook of Secondary School First Grade Based on William Rummy’s Technique and Bloom’s Cognitive Domain
        زهره کرمی پژمان اسد بیگی مهدی کرمی
        The aim of the present study was analyzing the text content and images of mathematics textbook of secondary school first-grade, 2011 edition, based on William Rummy’s technique and analysis of in-class exercises, activities and problems in lessons based on Bloom&r More
        The aim of the present study was analyzing the text content and images of mathematics textbook of secondary school first-grade, 2011 edition, based on William Rummy’s technique and analysis of in-class exercises, activities and problems in lessons based on Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain. The used methodology in this study was content analysis. The research population was mathematics textbook, 2011 edition of secondary school first-grade. The findings revealed that text engagement rate was 0.53, which indicated that this textbook was written in an active manner. The engagement rate of images was 1.2 and this showed that the pictures of the textbook involved the students in learning. In activity-based index-analysis of the textbook, the engagement rate of 0.75 indicated that it was activity-based. In the performed analysis based on Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain, it was revealed that 81 percent of the exercises, activities and problems in the textbook are at comprehension level. This analysis showed that the number of exercises, activities and problems at higher levels of cognitive domain in this textbook are very few. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        319 - Review of Middle Schools’ Textbooks Content in Development of the Culture of Self-sacrifice and Martyrdom
        hassan shahrakipou
        This study has been conducted to examine the content of the textbooks (Farsi literature, Islamic culture, Religious education, Social education and history) of middle schools in development of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in 2011-12. The study methodology More
        This study has been conducted to examine the content of the textbooks (Farsi literature, Islamic culture, Religious education, Social education and history) of middle schools in development of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in 2011-12. The study methodology is descriptive with a survey approach. The study population was included all of 826 teachers of Nishapur. By using the crèche & Morgan table, 262 teachers were selected from a random sampling. The used instrument in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 37 statements made by educational experts and teachers. Its validity and reliability were confirmed and ready to implement by the calculated Cronbach’s alpha of 0.957. The obtained results of this study suggested that the content of middle school textbooks by using the T-test are involved within the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom, increasing the students' beliefs, the holy defense, respect for veterans groups (veterans, prisoners of war and the families of martyrs), students understanding of martyrs’ students characteristics and the propagation of holy defense. Friedman test was used for the subscale ratings. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        320 - A study of factors Affecting principals empowerment in Eizeh schools
        سعید رجایی پور احمد شعبانی محمد نیاز پور ذیلایی
        Principals empowerment is a way of improving educational organizations and integrating individual and organizational goals .this study aimed at discussing and clarifying the subject, while emphasizing factors such as enhancing positive attitude towards work, self contro More
        Principals empowerment is a way of improving educational organizations and integrating individual and organizational goals .this study aimed at discussing and clarifying the subject, while emphasizing factors such as enhancing positive attitude towards work, self control, reinforcing self-esteem, job commitment, motivation and freedom of action. A descriptive and survey research method was utilized. The statistical sample included all 150 school principals in Eizeh during 1386-87 (s.c.) academic year from which 105 principals answered the questionnaire. The data gathering instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire including 50 items based on Likert scale, and its Cronbach,s alpha coefficient was estimated o.88. Both descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and variance) and inferential statistics (one- variable t test, Hotellingt. Variance analysis and Tuky test) were utilized to analyse, the research data. The findings indicated that all of the considered factors contribute to principals empowerment. The reinforcement of positive attitudes towards workplace and freedom of action have the highest and lowest impact respectively. Considering demographic variables, the results indicated no significant difference between the view points of elementary and secondary school principals. There was, however, significant differences among principals opinions with regard to sex and level of education Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        321 - Dynamic Influence of Contraries Oscillators on Small-World Network Synchrony
        Tayebeh Nikfard Rasool Ghanbari
        10.30486/mjtd.2023.1976771.1009
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        322 - Presenting a New Model of Optimal Coordinated beam former Vector Selection in DRFM for Radar Jamming
        Hasan Mohammadi khodadad Halili Vahidreza Soltaninia Meysam Bayat Saeed Talati
        10.30486/mjtd.2023.1986716.1034
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        323 - Analyzing the Efficiency of the Deep Neural Network in Detecting Urban Changes Using Bi-temporal Landsat-8 Images.
        sahand tahermanesh Behnam Asghari Beirami Mehdi mokhtarzade
        10.30495/girs.2022.693348
        Satellite remote sensing images are widely used to monitor the earth's surface phenomena changes at various periods. For accurate change detection, spatial features can be used as the complement information of spectral features. Hand-craft spatial features such as the c More
        Satellite remote sensing images are widely used to monitor the earth's surface phenomena changes at various periods. For accurate change detection, spatial features can be used as the complement information of spectral features. Hand-craft spatial features such as the co-occurrence matrix features are inefficient in detecting the changes due to the complex structure of satellite images. In the present study, a deep learning-based model is proposed as the alternative to address the problems of classical change detection methods. deep neural networks are mainly developed for images and hierarchically extracting spatial-spectral features. In this study, Landsat-8 images between 2013 and 2021 were used to evaluate the changes in Sahand city using the proposed deep network. Pre- and post-classified Landsat-8 images are produced using a deep neural network in the first stage. In the second stage, for producing the change maps, the post-classification approach is used in that change maps are produced based deference of classified images. Finally, the majority voting technique eliminates the noises in change maps. The proposed method results are compared with those obtained by two classical machine learning methods, random forest, and artificial neural networks. According to the change detection results, the proposed deep learning network improves detection accuracy by 13.88% and 12.80% compared with artificial neural networks and random forests. Compared to the random forest and artificial neural networks, the proposed network has improved the overall accuracy of the from-to-change maps by 57.81% and 65.7%, respectively. Final results demonstrate that although Random forest and artificial neural networks have been able to identify the location of changes, they perform poorly in detecting the from-to changes Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        324 - Land subsidence susceptibility modeling using random forest approach (Case study: Tasuj plane catchment)
        Davoud Mokhtari Hamid Ebrahimy Saeed Salmani
        Land subsidence occurrence in the Tasuj plane might become more frequent and hazardous in the near future due to its relationship with the water crisis and drought periods. In order to mitigate the damage caused by land subsidence, it is necessary to determine the susce More
        Land subsidence occurrence in the Tasuj plane might become more frequent and hazardous in the near future due to its relationship with the water crisis and drought periods. In order to mitigate the damage caused by land subsidence, it is necessary to determine the susceptible or prone areas. The purpose of this study is to produce land subsidence susceptibility map based on the random forest approach to land subsidence occurrence data and eleven environmental variables  that have significant influence on land subsidence occurrences (altitude, slope, aspect, distance to drainage line, drainage density, distance from the fault, topographic wetness index, land cover, lithology, groundwater level and decline in groundwater level) were used as inputs of the random forest model. The random forest approach was applied to produce the land subsidence susceptibility map. The performance of the model was assessed using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC). The model results indicate the accuracy of 0.86. Based on the result of the mean decrease accuracy method, the most important conditioning factors were groundwater level, distance from the fault, and a decline in groundwater level, respectively. According to the result, about 18% and 11% of the study area was located within high to very high susceptibility classes. The result of this study can be used by stakeholders and local authorities to mitigate related hazards of land subsidence occurrences in the study area.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        325 - Studying changes in heat islands and land uses of the Minab city using the random forest classification approach and spatial autocorrelation analysis
        Mohamad Kazemi Ali Reza Nafarzadegan Fariborz Mohammadi
        The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the land use changes in the Minab city on the variations in the urban heat islands (UHI), using the random forest classification method and spatial statistics on TM and OLI Landsat images in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018 More
        The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the land use changes in the Minab city on the variations in the urban heat islands (UHI), using the random forest classification method and spatial statistics on TM and OLI Landsat images in 1988, 1998, 2008 and 2018. First, land surface temperature (LST) was calculated using the split-window and the single-channel algorithms. Land use map was generated using supervised classification random forest method and its performance was assessed by two criteria of overall accuracy and kappa coefficient. In order to survey spatial autocorrelation and clustering, pattern of hot spots, the two statistics of Anselin Local Moran's I and Getis-Ord GI were applied. In 1988, land uses of vegetated, barren, and urban built-up lands were occupied 30.1, 32.53 and 37.37 percent of the city area, respectively; in 2018, the areas of these land uses were 16.36, 9.56 and 74.08 percents, respectively. A threefold and twice-fold decrease in the area was observed for barren and vegetated lands, respectively; while the area of urban built-up lands had more than doubled. The calculated values for urban-heat-island ratio index (URI) in 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018 were 0.45, 0.34, 0.11, and 0.22, respectively. The outcomes of two considered spatial statistics indicated the clustering, pattern for UHI of the Minab city. In addition, there was a good agreement between the results of Getis-Ord GI statistic (hotspots spatial analysis) and the Local Moran's I statistic (spatial autocorrelation) on the spatial pattern of heat and cool clusters. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        326 - Identification of salt domes in Ravar region, Kerman province by using the radar Polarimetry technique of Palsar images and analyzing Sentinel-2 and Aster multispectral images
        Ali Mehrabi Sadegh Karimi Fatemeh Naghdi
        10.30495/girs.2020.674657
        Background and ObjectiveIn addition to tourist attractions, salt domes are one of the most interesting geomorphic phenomena having different mineral resources and can in some cases act as an oil reservoir  and oil trap. It is very important to identify them. Iran i More
        Background and ObjectiveIn addition to tourist attractions, salt domes are one of the most interesting geomorphic phenomena having different mineral resources and can in some cases act as an oil reservoir  and oil trap. It is very important to identify them. Iran is very rich in evaporative deposits and also shows a unique abundance of emerged/outcropped salt domes. Most of the known salt domes are distributed in the south of  Zagros and the Persian Gulf region. But they have also been reported in the other parts of Iran, including the Great Desert, Garmsar, Qom and the Ravar region. So far, no special study has been done on the salt domes of the Ravar region, so that only a few domes in the northern and eastern parts of Ravar have been mentioned. without specifying their location on the map. Therefore, the necessity for further study of this area is specified. The main purpose of this study is to identify the salt domes found/outcropped in the area of Ravar city, Kerman province, by using new remote sensing methods and using  radar and multispectral images. Materials and Methods There are several ways to process multi-dimensional images that the analysis of the principle components and the false color combination are the most important ones. We will explain how  these methods  have been used in the present study. Aster thermal sensor bands were used to produce the false color combination, so that the mentioned minerals were exposed/highlighted by placing the 12, 11 and 13 bands in the red, green and blue channels respectively, Studies on the use of the main components analysis technique for Sentinel 2 satellite images to detect soil and rock salinity show that the false color combinations of PC7, PC6 and PC2, in red, green and green channels respectively is very suitable for this purpose. This is done in the same way in this study. Results and Discussion By performing atmospheric corrections on the multi-spectral images of Sentinel 2, the analysis of the main components was performed on it, as a result of which, the corresponding image was divided into 12 components. Using the three main components 2, 6 and 7, a false color combination was prepared. The results show that the different stone units are highlighted with different colors. Meanwhile, according to previous studies and by examining different colors and comparing and matching it with the geological map of the study area, it was specified that the light pink color indicates the salt units in the study area, This has been proven by field studies. It is noteworthy that in addition to determining the salt domes, the pink areas also show the secondary salts caused by weathering and erosion of these domes. Since the composition of the salt domes displayed in the Ravar salt basin varies so that some of these domes are dominated by salt minerals and polyalite, and others by sulfate minerals such as gypsum and Carbonate minerals such as anhydrite form the dominant mineral, different satellite images can be used to highlight the dominant minerals of each group in terms of their characteristics and spectral behavior. Thus Aster images were also used. Therefore, according to the specific spectral behavior of anhydrite and gypsum minerals in the thermal spectrum range, special color combinations can be combined to recognize salt domes by placing bands 12, 11 and 13 in the red, green and blue channels, respectively. As shown in this result, the salt domes having the dominant gypsum and anhydrite mineral are marked by light white. By performing the radar polarimetry technique and applying the CPR index, the relevant images were prepared. As mentioned earlier, CPR image suffering is closely related to the type and spectral behavior of different levels, In order to better analyze the images, the data suffering  were normalized between 0 and 1. The closer these numbers are to the number one, the greater the roughness is due to surface erosion. As a result, the areas that are red in the image are usually very eroded. Conclusion The results of this study show that evaporative minerals and salt domes can be identified by using radar polarimetry method. In this study, with the application of CPR index, salt domes with red color were highlighted. In addition, due to the specific spectral behavior of the anhydrite and gypsum minerals in the thermal spectrum range, with the color combination of bands 12, 11 and 13, ASTER images of light-colored salt domes were identified. Also, the existing salt units in the study area were identified by using the three main components 2, 6 and 7 prepared from Sentinel 2 images,. Based on the obtained results, 27 salt domes were identified in the study area, which are in good agreement with the usual structural mechanism of salt domes creation. In addition, the accuracy of the results were confirmed by field survey. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        327 - Creating a graphical user interface (GUI) to automatically calculate the land surface temperature and use the results in evaluating temperature changes in land uses in Ardabil city
        Hossein Fekrat Sayyad Asghari Saraskanrood Seyed Kazem Alavipanah
        10.30495/girs.2022.684503
        Background and Objective Land surface temperature is a vital indicator for studying environmental changes, hydrological conditions and the energy balance of the earth, which can also be used to monitor the temperature changes of cities. The lack of meteorological statio More
        Background and Objective Land surface temperature is a vital indicator for studying environmental changes, hydrological conditions and the energy balance of the earth, which can also be used to monitor the temperature changes of cities. The lack of meteorological stations in most parts of the country, including the study area, has created information limitations in the field of surface temperature data. There are also a large number of non-remote sensing users who need LST maps, and most of them are not familiar enough with LST computing software and inevitably have to spend a lot of time mapping to prepare their maps. This process can be time-consuming even for remote sensing professionals if the number of images is high. The use of valid data for validation that has the least time difference with the satellite passes time is very important in estimating the accuracy of the results. By reviewing internal research similar to the one under study, most internal studies used only meteorological station data to validate the results, the data recording time at these stations is different from the satellite passes time. In this study, due to the large area of the study area and the insufficient number of meteorological stations, in addition to the surface temperature data measured in synoptic stations, the land surface temperature in two ground stations was recorded simultaneously with the satellite. Creating a graphical user interface (GUI) to automatically calculate the surface temperature of Ardabil city with two single-channel and RTE algorithms and use the results to evaluate the temperature changes of land usesMaterials and Methods In this study, in order to automatically calculate the land surface temperature of Ardabil city from three types of data: Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images, land surface temperature data recorded at two meteorological stations in the study area and also due to an insufficient number of stations Meteorological data land surface temperature data measured with digital thermometers are also used as the satellite passes. After preparing thermal and multispectral images, first MODTRAN web computing software was used to model the atmospheric transferability and atmospheric coefficients were extracted. Then, to create graphical user interfaces and automatic calculation of LST, land surface temperature with two algorithms single-channel and RTE method with Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite images for two dates: 31/07/2000 and 21/08/2019 in MATLAB software were coded and using these codes, graphical user interfaces were created for each algorithm and finally, an automatic land surface temperature calculator application was produced. Also, the land use map of Ardabil city for both mentioned dates was classified and extracted using a random forest algorithm in the Google Earth engine system environment with 7 classes. This algorithm has a much better performance compared to traditional methods such as maximum likelihood due to its hierarchical structure in selecting each pixel to the appropriate class. To validate surface temperature maps from two types of surface temperature data recorded in two meteorological stations and surface temperature recorded by a digital thermometer that simultaneously passes the satellite in two points of the homogeneous non-urban environment with agricultural use (alfalfa) and Bayer that product It was harvested, used. To evaluate the accuracy of land use maps, using Google Earth, which has a better spatial resolution than the image used, 248 ground control points were obtained from pure pixels of different land uses and used in the validation process. Also, statistical parameters such as error matrix, overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were applied to the output of both land use maps.Results and Discussion Using the codes written in MATLAB software, graphical user interfaces (GUI) were created and then the automatic LST calculator application was produced. The output of the application was surface temperature maps with single channel algorithms and radiation transfer equation (RTE) for 31/07/2000 using thermal image (band 6) of Landsat 5 satellite TM and 21/08 / 2019 was created by the 10 TIRS sensor band of Landsat 8 satellite. After comparing the output maps with the meteorological station and ground station data, the results showed that the single-channel method had the lowest temperature deviations compared to the stations in both years. After preparing LST maps and selecting the optimal algorithm (single channel), land use maps of Ardabil city were prepared using a random forest algorithm in the GEE platform. Statistical evaluations of the classification results showed that for 2000, the highest pixel interference was related to the middle and poor rangeland class, which has a 16-pixel displacement with residential and rainfed agricultural classes. Due to the improved spatial resolution of the Landsat 8 satellite compared to the Landsat 5, followed by better class separation, this pixel displacement in the 2019 user map shows a smaller value. The most common error was related to the aquaculture class, which had a displacement of 10 pixels with rich rangeland and rainfed agriculture classes. Finally, using the LST map and land use map, the temperature changes of the land uses over a period of 19 years were evaluated. By entering the input images and atmospheric parameters in the application, the land surface temperature was calculated with two one-channel algorithms and the RTE method. Evaluation of output maps with meteorological and terrestrial data showed that the single-channel algorithm with a difference of +2.5 and -2 with stations 1 and 2 for the year 2000 and with a temperature difference of +1.3, +0.9, -1 and -0.9 with stations 1, 2, 3 and 4 in 2019, respectively, had higher accuracy than the RTE method. Also, the results of validation of land use maps showed an overall accuracy of 0.95 and a kappa coefficient of 0.94 for 2000 and overall accuracy of 0.96 and a kappa coefficient of 0.95 for 2019.Conclusion Assessing the relationship between land surface temperature and land use maps showed that despite the significant physical growth of the urban sector over a period of 19 years, except for residential areas, all land uses in 2019 compared to 2000 with an increase in average surface temperature. It seems that factors such as the expansion of agricultural lands with irrigated cultivation around the urban area up to a radius of 10 km and the entanglement of these farms with the urban sector have a great impact on the temperature adjustment of the urban sector. In 2000, these lands were mainly under cultivation of rain-fed crops, and by solving the water problem (digging deep wells and water transfer projects), they became orchards and irrigated farms such as potatoes. Due to the high water requirement, these products also have high greenery, and this factor has increased the rate of evapotranspiration, followed by cooling of the cultivation area and the urban sector. Among other classes, in both years of water use, the lowest and the use of barren lands had the highest average surface temperature. The generated application can be run on any operating system that supports the exe format, and the user by specifying atmospheric parameters can automatically estimate the LST. This application can also be used in various sectors such as agricultural systems, and climate and water resources management. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        328 - Comparison of the effectiveness of machine learning methods in modeling fire-prone areas (Ilam Province, Darehshahr City)
        maryam mohammadian Maryam Morovati Reza Omidipour
        10.30495/girs.2022.697864
        Fire is one of the most important natural hazards that has a great impact on the structure and dynamics of natural ecosystems. Due to Iran's location in the arid and semi-arid belt of the world, a large number of human-made and natural fires occur in different regions o More
        Fire is one of the most important natural hazards that has a great impact on the structure and dynamics of natural ecosystems. Due to Iran's location in the arid and semi-arid belt of the world, a large number of human-made and natural fires occur in different regions of the country every year. Therefore, determining sensitive areas to fire occurrence plays an important role in fire management in natural resources. To do so, the current study aims to identify fire-prone areas in Dere Shahr city in Ilam province using two machine learning of random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) and 2024 fire occurrence points. Environmental factors were prepared in categories including topographical factors (altitude, slope direction, slope anlgle), climatic factors (rainfall, relative humidity, wind, temperature), biological factors (vegetation and soil moisture) and man-made factors (distance from residential areas, distance from road, distance from agricultural land, distance from river). The model’s accuracy was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) in the ROC curve and cross-validation statistics. Examining the AUC index showed that both models had good accuracy, although the RF model (AUC = 0.97) had higher accuracy than the support vector machine model (AUC = 0.86). According to the results of RF model, about 60% are in the low-risk class and about 20% are in the high fire risk class. Investigating the contribution of the factors affecting the occurrence of fire showed that man-made factors (distance from residential areas) and climatic factors (temperature) played a more important role in areas with a history of fire. Therefore, increasing public culture and reducing dangerous behaviors in nature can reduce the occurrence of fire in this area and contribute greatly to the protection of the environment and preservation of natural resources. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        329 - Soil moisture estimation using Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
        Hassan Rezaii Moghadam Mohsen Hosseinalizadeh Nahed Berdi Sheikh Roya Jafari
        This study was carried out in the western catchment of the Behzisty Township in Gorgan, Golestan province in order to develop the regression models of soil moisture. In this study, the desired measurements were made in 18 locations using TDR during 6 running days after More
        This study was carried out in the western catchment of the Behzisty Township in Gorgan, Golestan province in order to develop the regression models of soil moisture. In this study, the desired measurements were made in 18 locations using TDR during 6 running days after a relatively intense rainfall event at different depths of soil. The digital elevation model was prepared from UltraCam images taken in 2014 with the pixel size of 1×1 m in order to estimate the terrain properties. Finally, the regression model was developed with respect to these characteristics and soil moisture. The results showed that important terrain characteristics which are greatly associated with soil moisture are horizontal curvature, slope, aspect and wetness index in the regression model. These results suggest that the diversion of material flow has controlled the amount of water in the soil, slope aspect and soil moisture. The results showed that the developed regression models can forecast at least 44 to 60% of the total variations of soil moisture in the watershed scale. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        330 - Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for image classification based on Deep Neural Networks
        Amirfarhad Farhadi Mitra Mirzarezaee Arash Sharifi Mohammad Teshnehlab
        Introduction: Domain adaptation has become an important issue today. A high percentage of data processing domain adaptation is done with a significant percentage of studies related to deep learning. Traditional methods often ignore the distance between the intra-class i More
        Introduction: Domain adaptation has become an important issue today. A high percentage of data processing domain adaptation is done with a significant percentage of studies related to deep learning. Traditional methods often ignore the distance between the intra-class in source domain and target domain. As a result, models can be sensitive to outliers and noisy data, additionally increasing the negative transfer in the model. This method applied GAN to extract appropriate features and then used Fuzzy c-means to cluster train datasets in the target domain. Finally, based on the WMMD metric and CNN, the model estimates the final label data. Five real datasets are selected to generate eight transfer tasks. The results show that the superiority of the proposed model lies in transferring more knowledge from the source domain to the target domain.Method: In this approach, firstly based on GAN extracting features from source domains and the target domain (without labels), then label estimation by Fuzzy c-means clustering, finding the center of Fuzzy c-means on target domain data, new data points with labels in target domain as a new input to feature extraction module and regenerate features by GAN based on new pseudo labels. Afterward, we apply WMMD metrics based on CNN to ultimately assign labels for the target domain. Consequently, classification tasks have been done.Results: Empirical results on various benchmark datasets showcase the exceptional performance of the proposed method compared to state-of-the-art DA approaches, validating the proposed Deep-Learning Unsupervised Domain Adaptation approach efficacy. Overall, the approach shows potential for advancing domain adaptation research by offering an efficient and resilient approach for addressing domain shifts in real-world applications. Experimental results on visual object recognition and a digit dataset reveal that the proposed algorithm is robust, flexible, and significantly superior regarding accuracy compared to the baseline DA approaches. Based on the three and combined digit datasets, 1.7% and 2.4% accuracy improvement are achieved, respectively, compared to the best baseline DA approach results.Discussion: In this research, we addressed the challenging issues of outlier and negative transfer in the context of domain adaptation. Despite significant progress in domain adaptation techniques, outliers and negative transfer instances continue to hinder models' generalization performance across different domains. Based on DNNs and the WMMD metric, our proposed method was designed to mitigate these issues and effectively enhance knowledge transfer between domains.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        331 - the effect of galbanic acid on the prevention of intra-abdominal adhesion after surgery in rat
        Melika Montazeri Firoozeh Saghaei
        Background and Aim: Abdominal adhesions are a common complication after abdominal surgery that can cause intestinal obstructions, pelvic pain, or infertility. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of galbanic acid on preventing the formation More
        Background and Aim: Abdominal adhesions are a common complication after abdominal surgery that can cause intestinal obstructions, pelvic pain, or infertility. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of galbanic acid on preventing the formation of intra-abdominal adhesions after surgery in rats.Material & Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10: after abdominal surgery and induction of adhesion, in the control group: 1cc of distilled water, in the galbanic acid group (GA5):  galbanic acid with a dose of 5mg/kg, in the galbanic acid group (Ga10): galbanic acid with a dose of 10 mg/kg and in the tween group: 0.5 cc of tween (solvent of galbanic acid) was prescribed intraperitoneally for 10 days. After the end of the course, the rats were anesthetized, and the open abdomen and adhesive bands were observed and graded and analyzed with spss software and chi-square test. A tissue sample was removed from the adhesion site and after staining, it was observed under a microscope.Results: Galbanic acid in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg significantly reduced adhesion compared to the control and tween groups. Histopathological studies show the beneficial effect of galbanic acid by reducing collagen fibers and fibrocytes.Conclusion: Galbanic acid with anti-fibrin, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg can prevent intra-abdominal adhesions in rats. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        332 - Analyzing Fans' Lived Experience of Challenges of developing Football Fan Culture Study of Foulad Mobarake Sepahan Cultural and Sport Club
        Salmann Azarbayejani Saeed Sharifi Ali Rashipoor
        10.30486/4s.2023.1971278.1074
        Objective: due to the strategic importance of the physical presence of fans in stadiums and the regulation of sports relations and their place in the development of fan culture, understanding the challenges facing football fans is considered a significant issue that is More
        Objective: due to the strategic importance of the physical presence of fans in stadiums and the regulation of sports relations and their place in the development of fan culture, understanding the challenges facing football fans is considered a significant issue that is independent of the capacities created by the centers. And sports clubs need to be analyzed and read from the perspective of the fans. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to analyze the lived experience of fans of the challenges of developing the culture of football fandom.Methodology: Qualitative research method is a phenomenological type with a descriptive approach and based on the Colaizzi model. The research community was the members of Sepahan Isfahan Sports Club and the cultural managers of the club. Of these, the research sample reached data saturation with 20 people. The purposeful sampling method was dependent on the criteria and heterogeneous. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity of the data was confirmed through external auditors, in-depth description, returning to the interviewees and two coders.Results: The findings of the research after implementing the information and coding the data in several categories including the re-engineering of the fans' thoughts in the development culture, the increasing trend towards media consumption, instrumental attitude towards the fans, the feminization of sports, the social responsibility of the fans, the cultural-social competence of the fans and Fan businesses were categorized.Conclusion: The development of fan culture requires preparation to face challenges, a major part of which can be done by increasing individual and interpersonal skills by fans; the results of this research will be effective in strengthening and rebuilding the attitudes of the managers and planners of fan centers for the development of fan culture.Paying attention to the upcoming challenges of the fan culture requires sports centers to create the necessary frameworks and standards to attract, educate and promote the fan culture and modify the existing processes in order to support the development of fandom. Based on this, fan centers need to draw a technical and cultural map in order to reach the desired sports position with the aim of continuing the presence of fans through the expansion and development of entrepreneurship and value creation of sports at the community level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        333 - The Relationship between Industry and Art in the Thinking of Qutbuddin Shirazi
        Samira Afraz Ismail Bani Ardalan Hadi Rabiei
        10.30486/pia.2023.2001377.1057
        The term 'industry' now signifies art in today's common understanding. Historically, 'industry' was employed in a broader sense rather than referring to art, and it underwent analysis and scrutiny by thinkers. For instance, in literary texts, it was depicted as a virtue More
        The term 'industry' now signifies art in today's common understanding. Historically, 'industry' was employed in a broader sense rather than referring to art, and it underwent analysis and scrutiny by thinkers. For instance, in literary texts, it was depicted as a virtue, and in Islamic wisdom and Sufism, it was denoted as a profession imbued with sanctity, encompassing both physical and spiritual dimensions. Each Islamic sage and philosopher interpreted it similarly, leading them to view the creation of artificial works from a spiritual perspective. Undoubtedly, the primary source of discussions on industry, including the views of pre-Socratic critics, can be traced back to Greek sources. Qutb al-Din is undeniably indebted to these profound ideas within the realms of philosophy, ethics, and spirituality. This study, utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach, seeks to address the following questions: What is the relationship between industry and art in Qutbuddin's works? How does Qutbuddin's conception of industry differ from the contemporary understanding of art? The findings indicate that Qutbuddin's industry was associated with a profession, with a broad application, and he approached it from a perspective of spiritual conduct. According to this sage, the concept of art differs significantly from its contemporary interpretation. Allameh's classification of industries acknowledges that they all stem from knowledge, emphasizing that one lacking manufacturing knowledge would be unable to produce industries. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        334 - The Relationship between Architecture and Artistic Imagination in Iranian Wisdom
        Marjan Amjad Flora Biabani
        10.30486/pia.2023.1993630.1047
        Iranian wisdom has always shone brightly in the intellectual realm of the thinkers and philosophers of this land. As history attests, Iran has been the wellspring of magnificent architectural marvels and ingenious responses to climatic, cultural, and environmental chall More
        Iranian wisdom has always shone brightly in the intellectual realm of the thinkers and philosophers of this land. As history attests, Iran has been the wellspring of magnificent architectural marvels and ingenious responses to climatic, cultural, and environmental challenges. However, we find ourselves at a juncture where the architecture in this region no longer aligns with the foresight, stability, beauty, and respect for people that Persian architects have traditionally upheld. In this context, we present a qualitative research approach coupled with an analytical-historical interpretation method. Our goal is to construct a conceptual framework that delves into specialized aspects of this field, aiming to revive Persian native cultures and sciences. Fundamentally, we seek to reexamine the insights of Persian sages regarding the power of imagination in achieving artistic creativity, a form of pure imagination closely intertwined with architecture. The research findings demonstrate that art is profoundly linked to both independent and interconnected imaginations. Devoid of either, the wisdom within art loses its essence, rendering it meaningless. The elevation and potency of imaginative perception empower artists to consistently draw inspiration from the World of Forms and convey it through the language of art and wisdom. The journey of crafting an architectural masterpiece, in itself one of Latifa's Sana’at, a form of art, and an integral facet of human existence, is inexorably entwined with this path. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        335 - An Overview of Common Post-Processing Methods in Random Number Generators with an Emphasis on Use in Renewable Systems
        Mohsen Mousavi
        10.30486/teeges.2023.1984909.1069
        One of the main components in the security of cryptography systems is random numbers. Random numbers are often used in the generation of secure keys, digital signatures, and other cryptographic systems. Random numbers generated by an algorithm are called pseudo-random n More
        One of the main components in the security of cryptography systems is random numbers. Random numbers are often used in the generation of secure keys, digital signatures, and other cryptographic systems. Random numbers generated by an algorithm are called pseudo-random numbers. Although pseudo-random numbers have good statistical properties, they have the problem of periodicity. For this reason, to generate random numbers, the true random number generator method is used, which uses a physical entropy source to generate random numbers. In the real random number generator method, due to the instability of electric circuits, a post-processing step is needed so that the generated numbers have acceptable statistical characteristics. In this paper, an overview of the common post-processing methods of random number generators has been done, so that some of the introduced methods are also used in the generation of quantum random numbers. An important point is the role of renewable energies in the design and construction of devices with limited computing power. For this purpose, in the final part of this article, a fast and optimal post-processing method is introduced in terms of hardware implementation, which can be used in mobile phones, smart cards and devices that have limited computing power. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        336 - Semantics of Intuition and its Functions in Sheikh  Ishraq's Perspectives
        Shahnaz Shayanfar Mahnaz Amirkhani Seyyedeh Zahra Hosseini
        Sohrvardi created philosophy of illumination introducing intuition in the arena of philosophy. Introduction of the novel idea provided a condition to resuscitate the philosophy science which declined focusing on traditional approaches.this article is seeking review the More
        Sohrvardi created philosophy of illumination introducing intuition in the arena of philosophy. Introduction of the novel idea provided a condition to resuscitate the philosophy science which declined focusing on traditional approaches.this article is seeking review the definition, place, types and functions of intuitionin order toexplainin Suhrawardi's initiative.The basic question of this paperis associated withIntuition functions in the philosophy of Suhrawardi and the relationship between intuition and reasoning: 1) is it possible the use of intuition (as a mystical knowledge) for an intellection science area? 2) If the answer is positive, what is the role of intuition in philosophy? This research attempts to provide the following importance results: 1) It is possible the use of intuition in philosophy arena without providing a contrast condition with intellectual inherent of philosophy, 2) Intuition is capable of solving many intellectual challenges potentially. The role of intuition in the wisdom of illuminationphilosophy may be introduced as the following: 1) Problem selecting in the case that the problem is evaluated as an important one affectingintuition 2) An introduction to access a mediocre proof, 3) Analyzing better a problem. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        337 - Mystical Teachings of Gurus in Attar's Elahinameh
        Hajar Khadem Toutaj Aghdaie
        Following Mantegh O lteir, Elahinameh is considered as the most eminent Masnavi by Attar. This Masnavi is a long story composed of 22 articles, utilizing a “dialogue” between a father and his six sons who have their own dreams individually. Their father interprets their More
        Following Mantegh O lteir, Elahinameh is considered as the most eminent Masnavi by Attar. This Masnavi is a long story composed of 22 articles, utilizing a “dialogue” between a father and his six sons who have their own dreams individually. Their father interprets their dreams into reality. Attar utilized many figurative stories to express his mystical thoughts. A part of the stories quoted from Attar is considered as the most useful tool to visualize mystical doctrines of Attar.  This paper aims to classify Mystics' stories following introduction of Elahinameh to trace Attar's thoughts containing definite concepts such as meaning, quitting and neglecting wish fulfillment, the world, little food consumption, fair play and death. This paper, which originated from reading over Mystics' stories, shows that just as a spiritual traveler is in need of companionship by a guru, Attar tries to ferry the audience from imperfection to perfection in this way. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        338 - Salvation through Self-understanding in Baba Afzal Kashni’s Philosophy
        Mokhtar Ebrahimi
        Baba Afzal's view says that the center of Human's existence is psyche and that at the same time Human has wisdom. It is impossible to separate these two (psyche& wisdom) from each other in Baba Afzal's view. Precision means truth; therefore, this philosopher More
        Baba Afzal's view says that the center of Human's existence is psyche and that at the same time Human has wisdom. It is impossible to separate these two (psyche& wisdom) from each other in Baba Afzal's view. Precision means truth; therefore, this philosopher's idea is the consciousness of a movement which it's enthusiasm and motivation are produced in psyche itself. Baba Afzal discloses that every enti has a feature which can reach perfection through that feature. We deal with well-being and adversity. These well-being and adversity are not full ones, but an inseparable synthesis of both. In the final guest, Human can reach a full security thorough the shelter of wisdom; because psyche is the same as the spiritual helper tools, it exploits these tools in order to free from Depletion and reach eternity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        339 - A Comparative Study on Anthropology from Viewpoint of Aziz Al-din Nasafi and Ancient Wisdom of Iran
        Hassan Saeidi Safarali Ghadiri
        Anthropology is an essential issue in the field ofhuman knowledge that different schools dealt with from different angles. The aim of this essay is to do a comparative study on this issue from the viewpoint of Nasafi and Zoroaster. This study is made by analytic method More
        Anthropology is an essential issue in the field ofhuman knowledge that different schools dealt with from different angles. The aim of this essay is to do a comparative study on this issue from the viewpoint of Nasafi and Zoroaster. This study is made by analytic method and by a reference to library sources. During the process of this study, by relying on Nasafi's and Zoroaster's works, we have come to realize that both sides of comparison have similarities, for instance, in the following issues: human being is created by God and has some aspects including spirit, soul, wisdom, and physical ones. Human being is a creature that has voluntary and volitional faculty. Good and evil are the result of his selection. Knowledge and action are constructor ofhis essence. Human being has a special capacity that other creatures do not have, and because of this existential capacity, he is the representative and divine caliph and the aid of creator (as Zoroaster says) in the world. Human being is the flower of the creation, and for this reality, the control and leadership of other creatures is given to him On the other hand, the writers reached some differences that result in distinction between two kinds of anthropology, for instance, there is no idea of instinct in the thoughts of Zoroaster, but in that of Nasafi’s,it clearly exists. In addition, the issue that to what extentis human knowledge concerning the origin of existence and how is it possible, and that can human being get to the core of the knowledge about the creator? Is what Nasafi clearly denies this kind of knowledge, whereas Zoroaster has nothing to say and keeps silent about it. Also, Nasafi looks at human behavior as a subject of religious law, and in his viewpoint, being bound over religious law is necessary in the stages of mystical journey.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        340 - Educational teachings and doctrines Of Sufis
        Jamshid Sadri Nahid Jiani
        The ultimate goal of the Sufi’s educational teachings and doctrines is to train human to achieve perfection. In addition to the individual dimension, in this regard, the social and cultural dimensions are also emphasized. Thus, people can know their true position in the More
        The ultimate goal of the Sufi’s educational teachings and doctrines is to train human to achieve perfection. In addition to the individual dimension, in this regard, the social and cultural dimensions are also emphasized. Thus, people can know their true position in the universe, adorn with good attributes and deeds, and find the best way for good living. Recognizing that the human soul is unique in every moment, he/ she will respect time. Because man has not stopped in the past, the hatred and enmity, envy, hatred, gossip, slander, and other moral vices will not have the opportunity to emerge. This study aimed to investigate the Sufis teachings’ social achievements such as self-purification based on moral teachings and time situation, socialization, public service, cooperation and altruism, philosophy and freedom education, business, and etc. Also, this study answered to this question:  whether Islamic mysticism leads to isolation and separation of the individual from society? Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        341 -  “Tames light” in Eshragh wisdom and “Tames Station” in mysticism and transcendent wisdom
        Mehdi zamani
        In Eshragh wisdom both the hierarchy of the world and the stages of the transcendence of the soul to the supreme world are determined according to the lights. Suhrawardi believes that during the spiritual trip, the “khatef” or “baregh” light on the beginners, the “Sabet More
        In Eshragh wisdom both the hierarchy of the world and the stages of the transcendence of the soul to the supreme world are determined according to the lights. Suhrawardi believes that during the spiritual trip, the “khatef” or “baregh” light on the beginners, the “Sabet” light on the average people and “Tames” light on the achievers humans will appear. Therefore in Eshragh wisdom, absolute annihilation will be realized by Tames light and Tames station, end point in the soul transcendence stages, is after the two “Bargh” and “Hargh” stations. But in Islamic mysticism, Ebne Fareze mesri arranged the hierarchy of annihilation in the three stages of “Mahv”, “Tams” and “Mahgh”. Most of the Ibn Arabi and Molla Sadra commentators like Kashani and Haj Molla Hadi Sabzevari, according to this principal, consider annihilation as the annihilation of human’s deed into God’s action, take “Tams” as annihilation into God’s attributes and take “mahgh” as annihilation into God’s Essence, although Molla Sadra, impressed by Eshragh, has mentioned Tames light and has equated it with Great Resurgence and the “Mohayyam” angels and considers them as the end of the soul hierarchy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        342 - The study Of the wisdom and belief in God from the viewpoint Of Mowlana in Masnavi and its comparison with shabestari view in Golshane Raz
        Leily Abbasi Montazeri Navazollah Farhadi
        Wisdom and belief in God are the basic conditions in order to enter the humans in the way of thinking (doctrine) and move them to the reality. In fact the human beings have been trying to recognize the reality of God by the various ways. They have wanted to satisfy the More
        Wisdom and belief in God are the basic conditions in order to enter the humans in the way of thinking (doctrine) and move them to the reality. In fact the human beings have been trying to recognize the reality of God by the various ways. They have wanted to satisfy the innate sense of the worship in their selves, although the humans have not been able to know the essence of God for long eras and their tries for comprehend this essence has been limited to the material thoughts and they have failed. During the history, many people have investigated this principle and its various aspects but it seems that the Sufi doctrine has considered it more profoundly, especially the high rank Gnostics such as Mowlana Jalal-ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi and Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari.  The objective of the present study is to investigate the worldview of two above- mentioned Gnostics in the field of wisdom and the way to achieve the better recognition of God. On the basis of the results obtained from the research which has been done in the field, in spite of the variety observed in the views of the two poets, Mokashefeh is the one which is considered superior to others and this has been proven in the current investigation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        343 - Impact Of Islamic Mysticism on Iranian Architecture with an Emphasis on Soltaniyeh Dome Decorations
        Hatef Siyahkoohiyan
        In the realm of mysticism, art is a kind of spiritual journey in which the artist, heavenly and spiritually inspired, achieves intuition. In fact, the Islamic art and architecture is the manifestation of the almighty revelation on the earth, the delicacy and subtleness More
        In the realm of mysticism, art is a kind of spiritual journey in which the artist, heavenly and spiritually inspired, achieves intuition. In fact, the Islamic art and architecture is the manifestation of the almighty revelation on the earth, the delicacy and subtleness of which will take the mystics to the apocalypse and intuition. Traditional historic buildings in the Islamic architecture are emblems of the heaven and manifestation of the divinely tradition in which the skills and delicacies used come in close relation with the spiritual and metaphysical principles. Meticulous attention to the decorations and drawings, as well as the selection of the statements and concepts used in the inscriptions on the Islamic buildings, can make one witness the direct and indirect impact of Islamic mysticism and Sufism over the designs. The abundance of the Koranic verses in the inscriptions and mosques decorations and shrines and Imam Descendents shrines and domes, including Soltaniyeh Dome where every inch is sainted and virtue stricken, could be related to the topic of "citation" and "beads" that are among the major issues of Islamic Sufism and mysticism. In addition, the image or design of a "star" as a symbol of illumination and beauty, the center of which is the word "Allah" and sided by the words Mohammad and Ali demonstrate the spiritual leadership of God and divine leaders within the internal and external direction of Tariqa disciples, which are abundantly seen in the designs and images of the domes decorations, especially Soltaniyeh. The unity between Shari'ah, Tariqa, and reality is one of the major issues of mysticism that are easily seen in some parts of inscriptions and designs of Islamic buildings, including Soltaniyeh, "Allah, Mohammad, Ali" adjacent. Within the decoration, the word "Allah" signifies reality, the word "Mohammad" signifies Shari'ah, and the word "Ali" signifies Tariqa. In addition, the sole use of the grand name of "Allah" exclusively used in inscriptions and decoration of Islamic buildings represents  the principle of "monotheism" and mystical monotheism in Islamic Sufism. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        344 - Review the ideas Of mysticism, Rumi and aman SamaniAshoura
        Heshmat Gheisari
        How horrible tragedy of Karbala is that all the scenes of angry feelings, and sacrifice and love.About the great event of Ashura, has spoken in many different ways, but many of the fundamental mysteries of this uprising and martyrdom, the need to pause and carefully.One More
        How horrible tragedy of Karbala is that all the scenes of angry feelings, and sacrifice and love.About the great event of Ashura, has spoken in many different ways, but many of the fundamental mysteries of this uprising and martyrdom, the need to pause and carefully.One of the varied and important aspects of this incident, then it is mystical, that whenever such a sharp and subtle mystic adventure in perspective isAnd long-mystical concepts are consistent with your language and poetic imagery allegory and take advantage of the power supply, it is evident from new angles. This paper is an effort to achieve the elite Iranian mystical literature of the ideas of two warriors in Sufism Ashoura Mohammad Balkhi Rumi and aman Samani.The author has tried first with the famous works of two poetsAnd bounce with the help of the description and analytical interpretations and booksThe most prominent aspect of their thoughts to the mysticism AshouraAnd then citing verses from the works of these two poets,Ashoura mysticism in the poetry review.And finally with the common points and differences in comparison to the ideas of these two great poets. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        345 - Manifestation Of mysticism in Architecture Of mosque
        Abdolrahim Annagheh Hamid Mahmoodian Roghaye Saberizade
        The link between theosophical schools and architecture of different buildings is so deep and widespread that separation of architecture and theosophy seems impossible. Association between divine religions –especially holy religion of Islam- and local arts of their count More
        The link between theosophical schools and architecture of different buildings is so deep and widespread that separation of architecture and theosophy seems impossible. Association between divine religions –especially holy religion of Islam- and local arts of their countries is obvious. So theosophy belongs to nature of all religions. Religions have never found more effective and representative tools than arts especially architecture of temples and mosques, to introduce itself. Besides, architecture has also never found a supporter like Islam. Regarding history of Iranian mosques architecture, can be seen manifestation of theosophical concepts and its design on facade of ancient buildings? For instance, why have domes being built spherical in Islamic architecture of Iran? And why all surfaces of Islamic buildings of Iran are covered with flowers, bushes or abstract designs? This study through documentary and observation research, tries to investigate the importance of intellectual arts and manifestation of theosophy in Islamic mosques architecture, remind forgotten beauties and finally represent fundamental role of theosophy in order to lead arts and artists to divine destinations Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        346 - The Relationship between Iranian Ancient Wisdom and the Morality Of Fairness
        Fariba Pat Parvane Orujnia
        Iranian ancient wisdom ( Hikmat) literature , mostly appearing in Avesta and some of Andarz-namehs, represents a Weltanschaung which encourages righteousness and goodness in thought, speech and conduct and also depicts the world as a battlefield between good and evil. T More
        Iranian ancient wisdom ( Hikmat) literature , mostly appearing in Avesta and some of Andarz-namehs, represents a Weltanschaung which encourages righteousness and goodness in thought, speech and conduct and also depicts the world as a battlefield between good and evil. This world-view fosters those who try to improve their own conditions as well as the one of the world by following the morality of jawanmardi (Fairness)/Pahlavani (chivarly). The present article tries to clarify the antiquity and influence of this world-view and its relationship with the chivalrous morality(ayeen jawanmardi) through historical and literary evidence before and after Islam. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        347 - Account of the Importance of Ghazali's Resalatoteyr in Mystical Literature
        Mojtaba Zarvani Reza Taheri
        Al-Ghazali is one of the scientists of fifth century that had widespread effects in different areas of religion, philosophy, mysticism and Sufism. The power and influence of ideas and the spread of his ideas, also gave a lot of power to the mystical body of literature. More
        Al-Ghazali is one of the scientists of fifth century that had widespread effects in different areas of religion, philosophy, mysticism and Sufism. The power and influence of ideas and the spread of his ideas, also gave a lot of power to the mystical body of literature. Major works of al-Ghazali focuses on religious issues, but through his works as soon as the work is called Resalatoteyr that is related to the mysticism. Although the narrative and mystical attitude in this work is dedicated to al-Ghazali, but before he, the form and shape of this work can get from Resalatoteyr of Avicenna. In this paper, the value of mystery and symbol and relevance of mind and the heart in the realm of mystical literature and effects of each other is discussed; and also, other aspect of impact of Resalatoteyr on the al-Obeid Zakani Moush o Gorbeh system, pointing to the effectiveness of this story on Sofia organizations and the method of their gathering around their elders is examined. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        348 - Semantic Analysis of Death and Martyrdom  Concepts in Rumi's Epistemology
        Abdulhossein Latifi Seyyed Nader Mohammadzadeh Seyyed Mojtaba Zamiri
        Death has always been the most complicated concern for the human being. The great mystics such as Molana Jalal al-din propounded death not only as a beginning of a new life but also in a lovely point of view, proposed it as a bridge for attainment to the attachment of m More
        Death has always been the most complicated concern for the human being. The great mystics such as Molana Jalal al-din propounded death not only as a beginning of a new life but also in a lovely point of view, proposed it as a bridge for attainment to the attachment of man to the immortal Beloved, i.e. God.     Therefore, this article scrutinizes these topics: the concept of death according to Molana’s thought; spiritual concepts of death according to Molana such as perfection and vision, sleep and its similarity with death, nothingness and mortality, willingly death, and martyrdom. This essay seeks firstly to reassert the concept of death which is an important concern according to Molana’s teachings; and secondly, it scrutinizes the concept of martyrdom that is a very significant matter in Islam in accordance with Molana’s mystical views especially concerning the archetype of Imam Hosein (peace be upon him).  At the conclusion it can be said that according to Molana, martyrdom is the best kind of death, because it deals with perfection, willingly death, mortality and attachment to God. This article has been written according to descriptive-analytic method using library. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        349 - Study of Metaphysical Knowledge and Intuition  Theory through Plotinus
        Gholamreza Rahmani Nazarolah Rahmatolah Of
        What is beyond existence, and superior to everything, and beyond all Being - Whether the true, the intermediate, and the apparent - is not recognizable by the acquired knowledge and the argumentative identification of the human mind, In the sense that the mind and the w More
        What is beyond existence, and superior to everything, and beyond all Being - Whether the true, the intermediate, and the apparent - is not recognizable by the acquired knowledge and the argumentative identification of the human mind, In the sense that the mind and the wisdom of man will never be able to acquire or understand the truth, and the essence of the absolute and supernatural nature of the first unit that is above being. In other words, the essence beyond being is not acquired by the knowledge and the logical analogies of human reason. It is only the being that can be the subject of the knowledge of mankind and the essence of the first unit, due to being beyond being and superior to being or existence, is free from the acquired knowledge. Therefore, knowledge is in the realm of the essence of the compound object, rather than in the essence of what is purely extensive or truthful and beyond the infinite Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        350 - Islamic Theory of Spiritual Intelligence: Designing a Model of Spiritual Intelligence with an Islamic Approach as the Spiritual Capital of Managers
        Behzad Hodhodi Bijan Abdullahi Hamidreza Arasteh Hassan Reza Zeinabadi
        Spiritual intelligence is the result of decades of studies in the field of religion psychology, which as an infrastructure of spiritual capital plays an important role in increasing the psychological capital, well-being and spiritual maturity of a person, the effectiven More
        Spiritual intelligence is the result of decades of studies in the field of religion psychology, which as an infrastructure of spiritual capital plays an important role in increasing the psychological capital, well-being and spiritual maturity of a person, the effectiveness of management and leadership. Considering the role of religious teachings in the formation of the concept of spiritual intelligence and its promotion in contemporary and creative research texts from the perspective of Islamic studies, the purpose of this study is to contrast the sources, inferences and symptoms of spiritual intelligence from Islamic sources and design a model of spiritual intelligence. It was from an Islamic point of view. The main question was whether spiritual intelligence was conceptualized directly or implicitly in the original texts, Islamic philosophical and mystical sources? And if yes, what are its components and indicators? To modify this pattern, the qualitative method of document analysis with two techniques of conceptual analysis and content analysis as well as independent processing through MAXQDA software was used. To ensure the validity of the research and its model, the completed method of quality studies of Lincoln and Guba included four criteria of reliability, validity and connectivity, personality verification and mobile transmission. The results showed that this concept is processed in Islamic texts in the form of a system of three categories of intellect, heart and wisdom and with words such as holy power, holy wisdom, esoteric intelligence, faithful foresight, the highest level of intelligence, wisdom, intuition and also with glasses. The term spiritual intelligence has been designed and studied and spiritual intelligence has been introduced under the titles of "Ulwal Bab" and "Oli Al-Absar". The five components and indicators extracted from Islamic texts and sources are: searching for meaning and purpose (with indicators of questioning and critical thinking of existence, discovering and creating meaning and purpose in life and work), changing understanding (with indicators of virtue) Cognition group, the effect of transcendence on methods, levels and sources of cognition); Use of relevant ads (with indicators of God-awareness, transcendent self-awareness, verse perception of existence, discernment of good and evil); Spirituality (with the index of inner spiritual life) and Wisdom (with the index of living wise). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        351 - Exploring the Illuminated Wisdom in Yusuf Chapter in Respect to the World of Imagination as Viewed by Ibn Arabi
        Somayeh Saffari Ahmadabad Ismail BaniArdalan Iraj Dadashi Mohammad Reza Sharifzadeh
        In Ibn Arabi’s mind, light, as one of the many names of the God, contributes to the manifestation of the objects and creatures in the domain of the various presence statuses of the world through emitting and beaming its radiations into the levels of existence. And More
        In Ibn Arabi’s mind, light, as one of the many names of the God, contributes to the manifestation of the objects and creatures in the domain of the various presence statuses of the world through emitting and beaming its radiations into the levels of existence. And, in line with this, every creature experiences a quality of existence according to the principle of the God’s existential manifestation in names and attributes based on its existential rank in the position of a shadow of this light in respect to the owner of the shadow and it can be perceived by means of the illuminated wisdom and gaining knowledge over the forms of the imagination.The final result was that the same way that the human imagination needs interpretation as isthmus between the worlds of soul and body, the disconnected imagination is also in need of interpretation in its isthmus rank between the divine and corporeal worlds as the place wherein the ethereal spirits and the soft bodies of the world of matter gather around; in parallel, the domain of the existence in the rank of absolute imagination and multiplicity of the shadows of the God need interpretation towards the unity of the essence. The knowledge over this method of approach towards the existence can be only acquired through illuminated wisdom that, as believed by Ibn Arabi, its perfect form has been entrusted in His Highness the Great Apostle of Islam (may Allah bestow him and his scared progeny the best of His regards) in His Highness’s rank of Yusuf. The present study’s method in this study is descriptive-analytical. The data collection instrument includes library research. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        352 - Restrain and Chastity in Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) and Mysticism
        Heydar Amirpour Ghasem Jafari Samaneh Raameh Alireza Purbaferani Hasan Sheibanifar
        10.2234/erfan.2023.708526
        In the practical realities of Muslims’ life, the lack of use of Islamic morality in speech and action is significant, and this deficiency distorts their personality and endangers their existence. Commitment to worship and its implementation through the recognition More
        In the practical realities of Muslims’ life, the lack of use of Islamic morality in speech and action is significant, and this deficiency distorts their personality and endangers their existence. Commitment to worship and its implementation through the recognition of concepts and examples of worship and closeness to the divine essence such as "restraint" and "chastity" sustains the life of Islamic society by creating balance and resistance to destructive temptations. In the following study, we discussed the verses of the Quran and critiqued the narratives related to piety and chastity. The research results indicate that restraint and chastity are important words in the field of jurisprudence and behavioral science of Islamic teachings and have a spiritual commonality with each other and under these headings different examples are placed. If jurisprudential knowledge includes visible acts such as prayer, zakat, remembrance, praise and supplication, the science of behavior and mysticism, related to intention, sincerity, trust, repentance to God, hope, fear, gratitude, patience, restraint, chastity, asceticism and purity and the other houses of conduct are for others and seekers of this path. These two titles refer to a form of abstinence and deterrence. The meaning of restraint and chastity in their instances will be different depending on the context and textual context in which that instance manifests. This study is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        353 - Viewing God through Relations and Verses with an Emphasis on Views by Mystics and Kalam Theologians
        Mina Shamkhi Nancy Saaki
        Apparently a number of verses in the Qur'an implies viewing God at the resurrection, such as the verse: "The Wonderful Face of the Nazareth of the Sabbaths" (Resurrection / 23-22); however, the appearance of some other verses, including the verse: "La Turdek al-'Abssar More
        Apparently a number of verses in the Qur'an implies viewing God at the resurrection, such as the verse: "The Wonderful Face of the Nazareth of the Sabbaths" (Resurrection / 23-22); however, the appearance of some other verses, including the verse: "La Turdek al-'Abssar and Hüyükr al-'Abssar & "(Nawam / 103) denies the observation of the Lord. The verse of the Day of Resurrection (23) ‘they are observing God’ is the point of difference among Asharites, Mu'tazilah, and Twelver, as well as mystics. In this verse, the what of the meaning of the words "ela" and "observer" are carefully attended by commentators. This verse, by turning attention to the word "observer", is one of the documentation of the permission of the permission of the sight of God, including the Ash'arites. The Mu'tazilite and Imami commentators, while explaining the correct meaning of the verse, have declared the Ash'arites' promises incorrect, but they themselves have contradicted the meaning of the verse.In this research, by documentary and library method, in a comparative analytical method, they try to express the various statements of the commentators and examine the critiques. By collecting all the semantic possibilities together with different narratives, these verses are explained and explained. Been paid.And the results show that the possibility of "seeing the truth" with the eye, in this world and in the hereafter, is not possible, and from the perspective of the heart, the reappearance, the expectation of reward and rejoicing; the most correct opinion, the expectation of mercy and God's rewards and blessings. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        354 - The Free slave (A Study on Connection between Freedom and Slavery in Islamic Mysticism and Divan of Hafez)
        maryam navvabi ghamsari
        Although freedom and slavery are opposite concepts, they have real connection with each other in Islamic mysticism. Freedom and slavery have degrees and in any degree of devotee’s travelling and behavior, he achieves a portion of it and at the end finds out the re More
        Although freedom and slavery are opposite concepts, they have real connection with each other in Islamic mysticism. Freedom and slavery have degrees and in any degree of devotee’s travelling and behavior, he achieves a portion of it and at the end finds out the real concept of slavery and freedom. Hafez states this in his Divan clearly and indicates that freedom is the result of true slavery manifestation. Hafez belives that there is just one way of slavery. He named it ‘lovely slavery’ which gives freedom to man. A Lover is a free man that releases himself from all limitations by slavery and becomes a free slave. This article examins some of sufia and mystic beliefs in terms of mental bases of connection between freedom and slavery in Islamic mysticism, it also studies lovely slavery concept, degrees of it and its relation with freedom from Hafez’s point of view. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        355 - Reflection of Mystical Themes in Newly Found Zahir Kermani’s Masnavi (Couplet)
        Pari Maalmali Ahmadreza Yalameh Parisa Davari
        Zahir Kermani, the Shiite poet and literary man, lived in Kerman during the twelfth century AH. There are four works left by this poet: Masnavi, Golshan Zohour, Majmaul Bahrain, Vameghi and Ezra. His Masnavi was mistakenly mentioned at the introduction of Divan in handw More
        Zahir Kermani, the Shiite poet and literary man, lived in Kerman during the twelfth century AH. There are four works left by this poet: Masnavi, Golshan Zohour, Majmaul Bahrain, Vameghi and Ezra. His Masnavi was mistakenly mentioned at the introduction of Divan in handwritten copies. It includes 8743 couplets. Most of his couplets form ethical and religious contents. The language is largely simple, fluent, and intelligible. Zahir primarily helps from wisdom to understand and comprehend mystical matters at the stage of recognition. He deems asceticism, hypocrisy, pretension, and sin as an obstacle over the course of sublimity and understanding of humankind, for which her recommends controlling one’s soul as a remover of the obstacle. He believes that realistic individuals refuse hypocrisy. In addition, asceticism is a weapon for controlling soul; and the purity and truthfulness of humankind versus repentance creates a shield against the evolution of human soul. Thereafter, for its evolution the soul goes on a spiritual journey through the wings of love beyond its wisdom. He is the representative of honesty and certainty so that he makes every effort to live in reality and gain the Almighty satisfaction. He is a personage that by means of asceticism assumes God to be watching over his actions even in his loneliness and veil, and when encountered with sensitive situations, he trembles and responds negatively so that this turning away holds a lot of consequences and results. He presumes repentance to be turning back from sin and compensation of wrongdoing. He believes that the one who walks the course of guidance will eventually arrive at destination whereas the one who picks out deviation or aberration will arrive at failure and disgrace. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        356 - The Role of Phantom in Religious Training, Regarding to the Islamic Mysticism and Wisdom
        MohammadTaghi Yousefi Yarali Kord Firoozjayi saeed ahmadi
        Human being as a multidimensional creature has been always an important subject in prophet’s divine training. Knowing all dimensions of the man, either its body or soul have a special function and message in the path of sublimation. The phantom is one of the most More
        Human being as a multidimensional creature has been always an important subject in prophet’s divine training. Knowing all dimensions of the man, either its body or soul have a special function and message in the path of sublimation. The phantom is one of the most effective elements among diversities especially the human beings. Ion This article studies the position of phantom in religious training based on Islami mysticism and wisdom. The research method is descriptive analysis with a positive approach to the subject. At first it describes the conceptual and confirmative cognition of the religious training. Then it focuses on the wisdom as a medium and some features such as creativity, mimesis, and epistemic values of conceptual cognition. Finally, we disproved that wisdom is the starting point of religious training. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        357 - Akhaven-e- Sales’ Perspective on Khosravani’s Wisdom
        Mohsen Ghorbanzadeh mohamadreza shadmanamin Medi Mahuzi ahmad zakeri
        Khosravani's wisdom has a close relationship with mysticism. Irfan has the ability to communicate with the audience. In the era in which we are living, it is possible to find the influence of "Khosravani's wisdom" in the mind and language of Mehdi Akhawan-e-Sales (M-Omi More
        Khosravani's wisdom has a close relationship with mysticism. Irfan has the ability to communicate with the audience. In the era in which we are living, it is possible to find the influence of "Khosravani's wisdom" in the mind and language of Mehdi Akhawan-e-Sales (M-Omid) with the knowledge of mysticism. The reason is that if we delibrate on it, Khosravani's wisdom is one of the most used sources in mystical literature. religiosity, patriotism, truthfulness, bravery, antiquarianism, in other words, the idea of Iranian archetypes "Sunamun" and the idea of "Ērānšahr" are reflected in Akhawan’s poetry, as one of the prominent contemporary poets. This article aims to find and analyze "Khosravani's wisdom" which is a mixture of Islamic myth and mysticism in Mehdi Akhawan-e-Sales’ point of view. In the foundation of his thought, as one of the prominent contemporary poets, there is a special interest in Iran, his homeland, "Ērānšahr". The method used in this article is a descriptive- analytical research. Let's give a clear and new explanation of the concept of "Khosravani's wisdom" in the mind and language of Akhavan which is one of the basic foundations and important elements of his poetry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        358 - A Study of the Methods of Representing the Concept of "God" in Hafez's Poetry and Thought from the Perspective of Toshihiko Izutsu's Semantic Theory
        Mottaleb Ghaffari Reza Heydarinoori Manizheh Fallahi
        Hafez is a thoughtful poet who, in addition to expressing emotional and sentimental experiences, seeks to express the meaning and truth of these experiences and his spiritual reflections on the side of his poems, and can deepen the epistemological construct in using the More
        Hafez is a thoughtful poet who, in addition to expressing emotional and sentimental experiences, seeks to express the meaning and truth of these experiences and his spiritual reflections on the side of his poems, and can deepen the epistemological construct in using the ontological words "God, man, man, kingdom, world, etc." He searched and discovered in his poetry and thought. Meanwhile, the word and concept of "God" is one of the most common key concepts of Hafez's Divan. This research seeks to answer the question in the descriptive-analytical way and based on Izutsu's semantic theory: What is the meaning or concepts of God in Hafez's poetry and thought? The researcher's findings indicate that: Hafez's epistemological thought and view is designed in a "God-centered" atmosphere. This epistemological view of the Qur'an and mystical texts such as: Mersad al-Ebad and Kashf al-Asrar Hafez is the source of Hafez's view of the truth of the universe, but the method, color, and gender of the God-believing attitude in his poetry are not uniform, and there are many examples of popular, devout, existential unity, intuition, etc. in Hafez's Divan. Fields of common ideas in those days - such as Ash'ari theology, algebraic view, Sufi and theological thought and 2- In Hafez's poetry, he found and showed, but his attitude often seems "personal, innovative and independent, and the "romantic and friendly" approach has a more meaningful presence in the content of his poetry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        359 - Wisdom and love in Shah Nimatullah Wali’s poetry
        Maryam Pahlavan Touraj Aghdaeie Hossein Aryan Heydar Hasanlu
        Wisdom and love are two basic topic in Shah Nimatullah Wali’s poems. From Wali’s point of view love is such a divine gift placed in human’s inside. It is a medium to arrive to integrity and luck. The basic idea in Shah Nimatullah Wali’s doctrine More
        Wisdom and love are two basic topic in Shah Nimatullah Wali’s poems. From Wali’s point of view love is such a divine gift placed in human’s inside. It is a medium to arrive to integrity and luck. The basic idea in Shah Nimatullah Wali’s doctrine is intuition, not logic. Pantheism is reflected frequently in his speech that is under the influence of Ibn Al- Arabi’s thoughts. Shah Wali disagree with materialistic nous and thrift like Attar Neishabury. He belives that wisdom can’t comprehend with love, and it is an abstacle (hijab) to arrive to cognition and true love. On the contrary, he belives that the Universal Intelect ( Aghl-e Kolli) is vicar of God. He worships it and belives that the Universal Intelect as the first creature acts as a collaborator for love. As a result, he confirms that Wisdom is combined to love and mystical madness and there is no conflict between them. This article has been collected by library style and has been processed by analytical and descriptive methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        360 - A Study of Common Concepts and Themes in Nahj al-Balaghah and Hadᾱiq Al-Anwᾱr
        Saeed Farzanerad Maryam Shafiee Taban
        10.2234/erfan.2023.703042
        The manuscript of Hadᾱiq Al-Anwᾱr is a detailed treatise on mysticism and monotheism, with a simple and sent prose by Mohammad Sadegh bin Mohammad Baqir Qomshami; who lived in the Qajar period and his work is one of the works of the literary return period. In the first More
        The manuscript of Hadᾱiq Al-Anwᾱr is a detailed treatise on mysticism and monotheism, with a simple and sent prose by Mohammad Sadegh bin Mohammad Baqir Qomshami; who lived in the Qajar period and his work is one of the works of the literary return period. In the first chapter of the introduction, the author mentions his biography. The author has arranged his book in eight verses and each verse in several flowers and genealogies. In this edition, the author has brought many poems and anecdotes from other poets and writers. The anecdotes of the gardens of light are an example of fiction in Persian mystical prose texts. In this book, the author has expressed the educational, moral and mystical themes in the best way and has common themes with the thoughts of Imam Ali (AS) in Nahj al-Balaghah. Considering the historical and literary importance of this work, the author intends in this research to show the conceptual and content effectiveness of Mohammad Sadegh Qomshami from Nahj al-Balagheh in the creation of the book Hadᾱiq Al-Anwᾱr by a descriptive-comparative method and focusing on themes and ideas. Religious and moral issues deal with the main common themes of these two books, including piety and piety, justice and justice, avoidance of oppression and benevolence and benevolence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        361 - Analysis of Human Dignity and Freedom in Islamic Mysticism and Sharia with Emphasis on Privacy
        Hossein Yari marzieh Pilevar Ali Hossein Ehteshami
        Human dignity is one of the most important issues in the field of philosophy, law, ethics and mysticism; Because this issue is the basis and source of many human rights, privileges and duties. Human dignity is considered as a right or a set of inalienable rights and the More
        Human dignity is one of the most important issues in the field of philosophy, law, ethics and mysticism; Because this issue is the basis and source of many human rights, privileges and duties. Human dignity is considered as a right or a set of inalienable rights and the basis of human rights that the Islamic society is obliged to observe. If this principle is ignored and there is no practical commitment to its effects, values such as freedom, privacy, justice and equality will lose their meaning. According to the verses of the Qur'an and the hadiths, the basic principle of human dignity is that no one has the right to enter the privacy of another human being without permission, except in special cases where a valid rational or narrative reason indicates its permission. Having privacy or the right to privacy is one of the houses emphasized by mysticism and is one of the sources of self-knowledge and theology. Examining the verses and hadiths that have been narrated to prove human privacy, it is obtained that the principles and legal requirements in the field of human privacy include: providing security, freedom, peace and protection of dignity, human dignity, sense of responsibility and duty, the sanctity of man is moral commands and prohibitions, and since according to the noble verse: (Esraa / 70) Ashraf human beings are creatures and worthy of respect. Naturally, his dignity, honor and security must be preserved. On the other hand, the protection of these matters requires that his privacy not be violated, so God Almighty has forbidden anything that requires the violation of human privacy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        362 - بررسی قدرت و هویت در اثر ازدواج بوستونی دیوید مامت
        Fatemeh Azizmohammadi Fatemeh Ghiasvand Mojgan Yarahmadi
        10.30495/jntell.2023.1972577.1027
        در این تحقیق قصد داریم به مسائل و موضوعات مربوط به قدرت و آثار جامعه شناختی آن در اثر دیوید مامت تحت عنوان ازدواج بوستونی از دیدگاه میشل فوکو بپردازیم. قدرت در هر جایی جریان داشته یا آنچه بوده که به صورت زنجیره عمل کرده به طوری که قدرت عامل سرکوب نبوده بلکه عامل تولید ب More
        در این تحقیق قصد داریم به مسائل و موضوعات مربوط به قدرت و آثار جامعه شناختی آن در اثر دیوید مامت تحت عنوان ازدواج بوستونی از دیدگاه میشل فوکو بپردازیم. قدرت در هر جایی جریان داشته یا آنچه بوده که به صورت زنجیره عمل کرده به طوری که قدرت عامل سرکوب نبوده بلکه عامل تولید بوده و لذا از آن به عنوان قدرت زیستی یاد می کنند. چنین هویتی از طریق مناسبات اجتماعی شکل می گیرد که افراد کنترل کمتری روی آنها دارند.در همین راستا محوریت بحث پیرامون همین مفاهیم قدرت،هویت، فردیت و آزادی ارتباطی قرار گرفته است. بنابراین شخصیت های ممت در نظام اجتماعی وفرهنگی خاصی زندگی می کنند که به هویت آنها شکل و حالت می دهند. نتایج تحقیق حاکی از آن است که به چه نحوی ممت دراثرخود دیدگاه های فوکو در رابطه با مسائل جنسی به عنوان ابزار اعمال قدرت زیستی را بکار می گیرد تا افراد را بدین ترتیب تحت کنترل و نظارت قرار بگیرند.تحقیق حاضراین موضوع را نشان می دهد که افراد سعی می کنند با استفاده از روش ها و فنون خود، در برابر قدرت حاکم تا حد زیادی مقاومت کنند. هر چند آزادی ارتباطی آنها در عمل متاثر از عوامل فرهنگی بوده که آنها نیز به نوبه خود در رژیم حقیقت گفتمان حاکم قرار دارند. شخصیت های ممت نه تنها متاثر از هر موجودیت از قبل تعیین شده نبوده بلکه خود محصول همین رژیم حقیقت می باشند. لذا آن کنترل انضباطی که روی جسم و روح آنها صورت می گیرد از یک سو باعث مطیع شدن آنان شده و از سوی دیگر نیز فردیت آنها را بوجود می آورد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        363 - کسالت یادگیری زبان خارجی در دانش آموزان دبیرستانی زبان انگلیسی زبان زاهدان و رابطه آن با لذت یادگیری زبان خارجیو اضطراب یادگیری زبان خارجی
        Saher Ashrafinia Mahdiya Afrashteh Nahid Afrashteh
        10.30495/jntell.2023.1981206.1051
        این مطالعه با هدف بررسی رابطه بین سه هیجان یادگیری زبان خارجی: لذت یادگیری زبان خارجی، اضطراب کلاس درس زبان خارجی و کسالت از یادگیری زبان خارجی در دانش آموزان دبیرستانی زبان انگلیسی زاهدان، استان سیستان و بلوچستان انجام شد. در این پژوهش 200 زبان آموز زبان انگلیسی پسرو د More
        این مطالعه با هدف بررسی رابطه بین سه هیجان یادگیری زبان خارجی: لذت یادگیری زبان خارجی، اضطراب کلاس درس زبان خارجی و کسالت از یادگیری زبان خارجی در دانش آموزان دبیرستانی زبان انگلیسی زاهدان، استان سیستان و بلوچستان انجام شد. در این پژوهش 200 زبان آموز زبان انگلیسی پسرو دختر به عنوان شرکت کننده انتخاب شدند. نمونه گیری به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انجام شد. سه ابزار تحقیق به عنوان پرسشنامه به نام‌های مقیاس کوتاه شده اضطراب کلاس درس زبان خارجی ، مقیاس لذت زبان خارجی و مقیاس خستگی یادگیری زبان خارجی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. برای یافتن رابطه بین متغیرهای تعریف شده از همبستگی چندگانه استفاده شد. یافته ها نشان داد که رابطه بین لذت از زبان خارجی و کسالت زبان خارجی منفی معنادار است. همچنین رابطه بین اضطراب زبان خارجی و بی حوصلگی زبان خارجی مثبت و معنادار بود. علاوه بر این، لذت از زبان خارجی و اضطراب زبان خارجی رابطه منفی داشتند. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده پیامدهایی را برای آموزش به طور کلی و آموزش زبان انگلیسی به طور خاص نشان می‌دهد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        364 - Free Vibration Analysis of Nonlinear Circular Plates Resting on Winkler and Pasternak Foundations
        M.G Sobamowo S.A Salawu
        10.22034/jsm.2019.1866236.1423
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        365 - Noise Effects on Modal Parameters Extraction of Horizontal Tailplane by Singular Value Decomposition Method Based on Output Only Modal Analysis
        P Jalali S Varahram R Hassannejad M.H Sadeghi
        10.22034/jsm.2019.666809
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        366 - Modelling of Random Geometrical Imperfections and Reliability Calculations for Thin Cylindrical Shell Subjected to Lateral Pressure
        N Rathinam B Prabu
        10.22034/jsm.2019.665559
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        367 - Tangential Displacement and Shear Stress Distribution in Non-Uniform Rotating Disk under Angular Acceleration by Semi-Exact Methods
        S Jafari
        10.22034/jsm.2019.1879783.1504
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        368 - An Analytical Solution for Inverse Determination of Residual Stress Field
        S.A Faghidian G.H Farrahi D.J Smith
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        369 - Transient Nonlinear Vibration of Randomly Excited Cylindrical Shallow Panels in Non Aging Viscous Medium
        A Asnafi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        370 - Deformation Due to Inclined Loads in Thermoporoelastic Half Space
        R Kumar S Kumar M.G Gorla
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        371 - Species diversity of hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and determination of the dominant species in Garmsar region
        Azadeh Jabbari Ali Ahadiyat Rustem Hayat
        Hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are considered as one of the most important natural enemies of aphids, and one of the most useful pollinators of plants. Their larvae are predators of aphids and they have an important role in ensuring biological balance. In this study, More
        Hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are considered as one of the most important natural enemies of aphids, and one of the most useful pollinators of plants. Their larvae are predators of aphids and they have an important role in ensuring biological balance. In this study, which were performed in Garmsār region in 2010, these flies were collected and identified. The species diversity of these insects was measured by indexes of Shanon–Winer (H´), Brilloun (Ĥ), and Margalov (Dmg). In the faunistic studies, 16 species belonging to 10 genera and 2 sub-families, were identified, among them the species, Eupeodes lapponicus, is considered as the new record form Iran. The maximum diversity and abundance of hover flies in Garmsār were as Ĥ=1.125, H´=2.247, Dmg=22.878 at the first week of Khordād month (end of May). Also, Episyrphus balteatus is dominant speciesin Garmsar region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        372 - Amount damage of Lesser grain borer on Viability and physical characteristics of seed whatw varietis in laboratory candition in Golestan
        Kabir Eyidozehi Sultan Ravan Abbas Khani Soleiman Khormali
        Lesser grain boror Rhizoperta dominica in widly distributed in the world wide. Its caused damage to stored product pests, specially on wheat. Damage of this pests, terminating to decrease seed weight and Viability The averege of damage and feeding rate of above pest was More
        Lesser grain boror Rhizoperta dominica in widly distributed in the world wide. Its caused damage to stored product pests, specially on wheat. Damage of this pests, terminating to decrease seed weight and Viability The averege of damage and feeding rate of above pest was studied with eight lines and cultivar such as: Kouhdasht, Zagros, Morvarid, Darya, Pastor, Line 17 and N-80-19. Experiment was down as randomly complete black design with explications in laboratory canditions. A hundred grams of wheat plased in a crystal container and with 10 adult ware put on each container and them, bottle door will cover with net. seed weight, Viability Pure varietis in two stage, before pests at end to meas used expsmate. Analysis of variances has been shown  all characteristics of  wheat varietis todamege and feeding of Lesser grain boror wese not signiticant differences. comparison average of varieties of wheat Viability and seed weight before experimant, has not shown signiticant differences, but effect to feeding and damege of Lesser grain boror to Viability and wheat varietis has been decrease of except Morvarid variety. Morvarid variety least decrease Viability (10.34). and decrease un purity of seed (12.84) and less percantage decrease seed weight (13.07). Morvarid variety with weight of hectoliters (66.50). Darya variety with more percentage decrease weight (21.97) and more percentage decrease un purity was (21.94),but with more weight Hectoliter (67.32) after experimant and more percantage of decrease of Viability (27.33) belong to pastoor variety. These bore, feeding and damage of  Lesser grain boror ,these was lesse effect on Viability and physical characteristics ofMorvarid seed variety and resistance (possible used that in programm of IPM) Darya varietys and Pastor was more effect feeding  of  pests, and it was  mor on resistance variety in between other varietys  has been investigcated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        373 - Study of antibacterial effect of essential oil and ethanol extract of the Pimpinella anisum and Artemisia dracunculus on three plant pathogenic bacteria (Erwinia amylovora, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae)
        Nabi Khalili Aghdam Ataollah Rahimi
        Essential oils and extracts are suitable compounds as alternative chemicals. Many plants have compounds with control properties that recently the use of herbal products as alternative to chemical pesticides for control of plant-damaging agents is more important and the More
        Essential oils and extracts are suitable compounds as alternative chemicals. Many plants have compounds with control properties that recently the use of herbal products as alternative to chemical pesticides for control of plant-damaging agents is more important and the essential oils and herbal extract are of particular interest. The present study was carried out to investigate the antibacterial effects of essential oil and ethanolic extract of Pimpinella anisum and Artemisia dracunculus leaves on Erwinia amylovora, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. This study was done based on a completely randomized design with temperature conditions of 28 ± 1 °C and relative humidity of 65 ± 5%, in dark conditions with concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μl) plus 3 replicates for each concentration of essential oil and extract with control At one and two weekly visits. The results showed that antibacterial effect of essential oil and ethanol extract of Pimpinella anisum and Artemisia dracunculus on bacteria Erwinia amylovora, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae were significant compared to the control. Also, whatever the concentrations of essential oils and extracts used in this study increased, so the rate of bacterial growth significantly decreased. Moreover, the results showed that the antibacterial effect of extracts on the growth of bacteria examined in this study is better than the essential oils studied and plant extracts in visit one or two weeks at the same time better than essential oils and show better appropriate action. According to the results of this study, essential oils and extracts of Pimpinella anisum and Artemisia dracunculus can be introduced as an appropriate alternative to commonly used Chemical bactericides against these bacteria. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        374 - Identification of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae isolateds from stone fruit trees by specific fingerprinting with REP sequence
        Saghar Ketabchi Nader Hassanzadeh
        Repetitive PCR fingerprinting of 24 strains of P. syringae pv. syringae isolated from different host/areas were compared with a standard strain of Pss from Greece (BPIC 242). Bacterial DNA was prepared with three known methods i.e. freeze-boil, whole colony boiling and More
        Repetitive PCR fingerprinting of 24 strains of P. syringae pv. syringae isolated from different host/areas were compared with a standard strain of Pss from Greece (BPIC 242). Bacterial DNA was prepared with three known methods i.e. freeze-boil, whole colony boiling and directly from washed leaf surface. Initial result showed no purified genomic DNA extraction was necessary for rep-PCR analysis. On the other hand, Rep patherns of Pss showed some correlation between host specialization and its habitant with genomic diversity. Strains isolated from stone fruits formed a distinct cluster from wheat and sugar beet strains and a similar pathern was found among all stone fruits strains in confined geographical areas. Therefore it was found the rep-PCR technique as a rapid, simple and producible method to identify and classify these important plant pathogens. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        375 - The defence related enzymatic content of suger beet against Beet severe curly top virus and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CAH0
        Efat ALEMZADEH Keramat IZADPANAH Moussa ZAREI Ali Akbar BEHJATNIA
        Various environmental stresses including biotic and abiotic stresses lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of reactive oxygen species often have been detected in plant pathogen- interactions. Plants with a combination of enzymatic and non More
        Various environmental stresses including biotic and abiotic stresses lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of reactive oxygen species often have been detected in plant pathogen- interactions. Plants with a combination of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems usually ROS levels in cells kept in moderation. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of BSCTV infection and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CAH0 on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in sugar beet plants by using a UV / Vis 2100 spectrophotometer. The results of the study showed when severe symptoms of the infection developed on the leaves and the virus content reached its maximum, a significant increase in the activities of several antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase and a significant decrease in the developed on the leaves and the virus content reached its maximum, a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzyme, Catalse, was found. Also in virus's tension associated with bacteria, enzyme activity was reduced in all items. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        376 - Domination Number of Nagata Extension Ring
        Abbas Shariatinia
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        377 - A New Method for Solving Two-Dimensional Fuzzy Fredholm Integral Equations of The Second Kind
        Mohsen Darabi Nouredin Parandin Mahmoud Paripour Ali Seifi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        378 - Application of semi-analytic method to compute the moments for solution of logistic model
        MohammadAli Jafari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        379 - Many algorithms for approximation of restrained 2-rainbow domination in GP(n,5)
        Mojtaba Ghanbari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        380 - Upper bounds for 2-restrained domination number of GP(n,2)
        Mojtaba Ghanbari Mehdi Jalinoosi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        381 - Constuction of solitary solutions for nonlinear differential-difference equations via Adomain decomposition method
        M.A. Abdou
        Here, Adomian decomposition method has been used for finding approximateand numerical solutions of nonlinear differential difference equations arising inmathematical physics. Two models of special interest in physics, namely, theHybrid nonlinear differential difference More
        Here, Adomian decomposition method has been used for finding approximateand numerical solutions of nonlinear differential difference equations arising inmathematical physics. Two models of special interest in physics, namely, theHybrid nonlinear differential difference equation and Relativistic Toda couplednonlinear differential-difference equation are chosen to illustrate the validity andthe great potential of the proposed method. Comparisons are made between theresults of the proposed method and exact solutions. The results show that theAdomian Decomposition Method is an attractive method in solving the nonlineardifferential difference equations. It is worthwhile to mention that theAdomian decomposition method is also easy to be applied to other nonlineardifferential difference equation arising in physics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        382 - A Chance-Constrained DEA Model with Random Input and Output Data:Considering Maintenance Groups of Iranian Aluminum Company
        Mohammad Izadikhah Mohammad Ehsanifar Saman Malekian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        383 - Modeling, simulation and analysis of a multi degree of freedom aircraft wing model
        Xueguang Bia Yucheng Liu
        This paper presented methods to determine the aerodynamic forces that acton an aircraft wing during flight. These methods are initially proposed for asimplified two degree-of-freedoms airfoil model and then are extensivelyapplied for a multi-degree-of-freedom airfoil sy More
        This paper presented methods to determine the aerodynamic forces that acton an aircraft wing during flight. These methods are initially proposed for asimplified two degree-of-freedoms airfoil model and then are extensivelyapplied for a multi-degree-of-freedom airfoil system. Different airspeedconditions are considered in establishing such methods. The accuracy of thepresented methods is verified by comparing the estimated aerodynamic forceswith the actual values. A good agreement is achieved through the comparisonsand it is verified that the present methods can be used to correctly identify theaerodynamic forces acting on the aircraft wing models. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        384 - Random xed point of Meir-Keeler contraction mappings and its application
        H. Dibachi
        In this paper we introduce a generalization of Meir-Keeler contraction forrandom mapping T : Ω×C → C, where C be a nonempty subset of a Banachspace X and (Ω,Σ) be a measurable space with  being a sigma-algebra of sub-sets of. Also, we More
        In this paper we introduce a generalization of Meir-Keeler contraction forrandom mapping T : Ω×C → C, where C be a nonempty subset of a Banachspace X and (Ω,Σ) be a measurable space with  being a sigma-algebra of sub-sets of. Also, we apply such type of random fixed point results to prove theexistence and unicity of a solution for an special random integral equation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        385 - A numerical solution of Nagumo telegraph equation by Adomian decomposition method
        H. Rouhparvar
        In this work, the solution of a boundary value problem is discussed via asemi analytical method. The purpose of the present paper is to inspect theapplication of the Adomian decomposition method for solving the Nagumo tele-graph equation. The numerical solution is obtai More
        In this work, the solution of a boundary value problem is discussed via asemi analytical method. The purpose of the present paper is to inspect theapplication of the Adomian decomposition method for solving the Nagumo tele-graph equation. The numerical solution is obtained for some special cases sothat demonstrate the validity of method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        386 - A numerical solution of Nagumo telegraph equation by Adomian decomposition method
        H. Rouhparvar
        In this work, the solution of a boundary value problem is discussed via asemi analytical method. The purpose of the present paper is to inspect theapplication of the Adomian decomposition method for solving the Nagumotelegraph equation. The numerical solution is obtaine More
        In this work, the solution of a boundary value problem is discussed via asemi analytical method. The purpose of the present paper is to inspect theapplication of the Adomian decomposition method for solving the Nagumotelegraph equation. The numerical solution is obtained for some special casesso that demonstrate the validity of method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        387 - Numerical solution of fuzzy Hunter-Saxton equation by using Adomian decomposition and Homotopy analysis methods
        Sh Sadigh behzadi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        388 - The function of allegory in conveying concepts based on wisdom and advice in children's stories of the eighties
        Somayeh Rasooli Seyed Ahmad i Hosseini Kazerun seyedmahmood seyedsadegi seyedgafar hamidi
        Allegory has a special place in literature, especially in children's literature. But in the allegory, the characters of the story do not play a role in their place; Rather, each character represents a certain stratum in society or a certain individual. In allegorical st More
        Allegory has a special place in literature, especially in children's literature. But in the allegory, the characters of the story do not play a role in their place; Rather, each character represents a certain stratum in society or a certain individual. In allegorical stories, an instructive and instructive point is stated by using the language of an example, and in this way, the audience does not feel that they are being directly addressed and admonished from a higher or even equal position. and in addition, the concepts intended by the author are better understood by the audience. This method is very practical and effective, especially in the case of children's and adolescent literature. Children communicate better with allegorical stories, especially fables, and the concepts become understandable and enjoyable for them. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method and using library tools, the function of allegory in a number of children's stories of the 80s has been explored to convey the concepts of wisdom and advice, and each work is considered to be allegorical or not from the point of view of how the story is processed. And the inclusion of legal, moral, spiritual or social instructions and points has been examined. The result of the research shows that the use of all kinds of allegory, especially the fable type, can lead to the creation of an educational work based on advice and wisdom, and the use of allegory creates an enjoyable and entertaining atmosphere in the story. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        389 - English-Persian Word Formation with an Eye on Culture and Thought Effects
        Ebrahim Abedi Lotfollah Yarmohamadi Naser Rashidi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        390 - Brain Dominance and Listening Comprehension Strategy Use of Iranian EFL Learners
        Nastaran Mireskandari Sepideh Alavi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        391 - A Comparative Analysis of Reading Comprehension Tests of Iranian Universities’ Entrance Examinations (UEE)
        Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri Niloufar Dadkhah
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        392 - Study on Weed Status in Mashhad Khorshid Park
        Omid Torabinia Mohammad Bazoobandi Seyed Hossein Torabi Mohammad Hasan Hadizadeh
        To beautify and improve landscape of Mashhad metropolitan city, weed situation of Khorshid Park was studied. Thirty weed species belonging to 15 plants families formed the relatively diverse weed communities established on plains and hillsides of the park most of which More
        To beautify and improve landscape of Mashhad metropolitan city, weed situation of Khorshid Park was studied. Thirty weed species belonging to 15 plants families formed the relatively diverse weed communities established on plains and hillsides of the park most of which belonged to Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae families, respectively. Sixteen of which (53%) were annuals, 37% were perennials and 10% were biennials. the richness of the plain weed community with 26 species was more than hillsides with 20 species. Weed community in hillside weed was highly uniform while uniformity of weed community in plains was less than hillsides showing signs of dominance at the beginning of the season. The Logarithmic distribution model of species showed the habitats are not relatively demolished, The similarity between weed communities of plains and hillsides was less than the similarity between seasonal weed communities of each habitat indicating more adaption of weeds to habitat conditions. The less similarity was obtained between spring weeds of both habitats while the most similarity was observed between summer weed communities. This survey proved that plains are threatened by noxious weed species such as Acroptilon repens L., Cynodon dactylon L., Hordeum murinum L., Bromus tectorum L. and Setaria viridis L. while hillsides menaced by Acroptilon repens L., Alhagi camelorum Fisch., Cirsium arvense and Xanthium strumarium L. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        393 - A task scheduling model in heterogeneous cloud resources with a combination of collective intelligence algorithms
        safdar rostami Ali Broumandnia Ahmad Khademzadeh
        Cloud computing is an environment where users have access to shared computing resources on an on-demand and pay-per-use basis.Regarding the limitations and dynamism of computing resources for the allocation of tasks to resources in a cloud environment, an effective sche More
        Cloud computing is an environment where users have access to shared computing resources on an on-demand and pay-per-use basis.Regarding the limitations and dynamism of computing resources for the allocation of tasks to resources in a cloud environment, an effective scheduling mechanism is essential to solving these limitations and user satisfaction. Hence, numerous algorithms have been proposed to reduce execution time and parallelize tasks. To achieve optimal scheduling, existing scheduling algorithms consider the system's current condition. However, most proposed algorithms did not necessarily yield an optimal result in the long term and were only successful in improving one parameter of Quality of Service (QoS). Owing to the low convergence rate of solutions in metaheuristic algorithms, this paper presents a scheduling method in accordance with Multi-Level Priority Queues (MLPQ) based on non-dominated sorting using the Capuchin Search Algorithm (CapSA) for heterogeneous cloud systems. Compared to previous approaches, the proposed method demonstrates superior performance in terms of delay, load balancing, execution cost, and execution time. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        394 - Pseudo-Random Number Generation Based on Cellular Automata AndLongton Ants
        SeyedMorteza Hosseini Hossein Karimi Majid Vafaei Jahan
        Cellular automata with evolutionary and complex behaviors are used in several applications such asgenerating random numbers, cryptography and optimization problems solving. In random numbersgeneration, this structure cannot produce long sequence of random numbers. For i More
        Cellular automata with evolutionary and complex behaviors are used in several applications such asgenerating random numbers, cryptography and optimization problems solving. In random numbersgeneration, this structure cannot produce long sequence of random numbers. For increasing thesequence of numbers, heterogeneous cellular automata with variable rules or combination of severalautomata may be used. In this paper combined heterogeneous cellular automata with contribution oflangton's ant as random number generator is presented. Langton's ant is a simple discrete dynamicalsystem, with a surprisingly complex behavior.Cellular automata are considered as generator of randomnumber and langton's ant is considered as stimuli of cellular automata and determiner of automata rule.Experimental results show that, in spite of our expectation, combination of langton's ant and cellularautomata does not have chaos behavior but illustrates pseudo-random behaviorwhich it results incycles of very long period lengths with limited number of cells such that a period length 2􀬷􀯡 isobtained by n cells. In addition to independence of initial core (initial value), it has been also provedthat generated numbers are independent of each other. Accordingly, some tests of random numbergenerators such as entropy, overlapping, minimum distance and Diehard(set of 17 triple test) havebeen performed and all of them have been successfully passed Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        395 - Wisdom in the Poems of AbolfathBosti and SaadiShirazi
        mohammad ahaygan'mehr
        The rich Iranian literature is our eternal pride-worthy capital. Iran has been home to many world-famous men of letters. Every Iranian is duty bound to introduce them to the world community. In the present article, the author aims to study practical wisdom (practical et More
        The rich Iranian literature is our eternal pride-worthy capital. Iran has been home to many world-famous men of letters. Every Iranian is duty bound to introduce them to the world community. In the present article, the author aims to study practical wisdom (practical ethics) in the poetry of these two poets: SaadiShirazi, who lived in the era of Khorazmia kings and the Mongols’ invasion of Iran (7th century H. G.) and AbolfathBasti, the Arabic speaking poet who lived in the Chaznavid era (4th century H. G.) their poems are replete with wisdom and advice. The present article tries to provide the readers with some wise meanings coming out of the two poets’ pure hearts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        396 - Effect of vitamin C on delayed onset muscle soreness indexes
        Shahram Foroohi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        397 - On Vector Equilibrium Problem with Generalized Pseudomonotonicity
        Ali Farajzadeh Syyedeh Marzieh Halimi
        10.22034/amfa.2019.583570.1170
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        398 - A Fuzzy Random Walk Technique to Forecasting Volatility of Iran Stock Exchange Index
        Navid Nasr Morteza Farhadi Sartangi Zahra Madahi
        10.22034/amfa.2019.583911.1172
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        399 - Presenting the smart pattern of credit risk of the real banks’ customers using machine learning algorithm.
        Hojjat Tajik Ghodratollah Talebnia Hamid Reza Vakili Fard Faegh Ahmadi
        10.22034/amfa.2022.1950520.1689
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        400 - Past-oriented behavioral bias: A study on S&P & TEPIX index-es
        Mohsen Mehrara Saeid Tajdini Jamal Maghsoudi Majid Lotfi Ghahroud Niloufar Ebrahimiyan Farzad Jafari
        10.22034/amfa.2021.1930165.1591
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        401 - Optimization of estimates and comparison of their efficiency under stochastic methods and its application in financial models
        Kianoush Fathi vajargah Hamid Mottaghi Golshan Abbas Arjomandfar
        10.22034/amfa.2022.1943236.1664
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        402 - Does Economic Freedom Affect Stock Returns? (Case study: Selected Countries of the Organization of the Islamic Conference)
        Aram Sepehrivand Abolghasem Hashemipour Isa Taheri
        10.22034/amfa.2022.1938038.1654
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        403 - The Effect of Fiscal Policies on Labor Demand in Iran
        Alireza mahmoodzadeh Mino Amini Milani Mohammad Sadegh Alipour
        10.22034/amfa.2023.1975379.1836
        The labor market is one of the main markets in the national economy and the equilibrium of the labor market is one of the main concerns of policymakers in every country. Theoretical foundations and empirical studies show that labor demand is the main factor in creating More
        The labor market is one of the main markets in the national economy and the equilibrium of the labor market is one of the main concerns of policymakers in every country. Theoretical foundations and empirical studies show that labor demand is the main factor in creating employment and equilibrium in the labor market. This article evaluates the effect of fiscal policy on labor demand in Iran from 1976-2018. During this period, the government has implemented employment-generating projects, tax and insurance exemptions via annual development programs and budgets, and encouraged investment in areas with high unemployment rates. we examined the effect of current government expenditures, government development expenditures, and taxes to study the effect of government fiscal policies on labor demand. In this article, we estimate the dynamic function of labor demand using the ARDL technique. According to the theoretical foundations and empirical studies in the specified function, labor demand is a function of intermittent values and independent variables of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), real wages, capital stock, current government expenditures, government development expenditures, tax revenues, and dummy variables of imposed war and the UN Security Council sanction. The results showed that fiscal policy has not had a positive effect on labor demand in the Iranian labor market in the short and long term. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        404 - Applying the ELECTRE Method to Determine the Effects of Calendar Anomalies on the Index Returns of Banks Listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
        sahand Vahabi Bahareh Banitalebi Dehkordi
        10.22034/amfa.2022.1960677.1759
        In today's world, financial markets, as the main arteries of any country's economic system, have created an attractive environment for investors, and therefore it is necessary to identify the behavior of investors in this space and variables affecting prices and stock r More
        In today's world, financial markets, as the main arteries of any country's economic system, have created an attractive environment for investors, and therefore it is necessary to identify the behavior of investors in this space and variables affecting prices and stock returns in these markets. The purpose of this study is to use the method of random dominance analysis and electrification technique as a new method in financial research to investigate the effect of calendar anomalies on the index returns of banks listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 2016-2020. Findings show that according to the three main hypotheses that there is a significant difference between the returns of the banking industry index on Saturdays to Wednesdays, in the first, second, third and fourth weeks of each month and in the months of April to March based on accuracy Market efficiency assumptions were formulated, all three hypotheses were rejected. It was also found that Wednesdays and the second weeks of each month are the best time to invest in the banking sector. In addition, June is the best and March is the most unsuitable month of the year to invest in this field. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        405 - Investigating Randomness By Walsh-Hadamard Transform in Financial Series
        Seyed Jalal Tabatabaei
        The objective of the ongoing research is to introduce the initial, substantial, and practical implementation of the Walsh-Hadamard Transform in the realm of quantitative finance. It is worth noting that this particular tool, which has limited utility in the domain of di More
        The objective of the ongoing research is to introduce the initial, substantial, and practical implementation of the Walsh-Hadamard Transform in the realm of quantitative finance. It is worth noting that this particular tool, which has limited utility in the domain of digital signal processing, has demonstrated its effectiveness in evaluating the statistical significance of any binary sequence. Therefore, employing this approach in financial series would be exceptionally noteworthy. By employing five primary tests to assess the randomness of the series, including those pertaining to the Tehran Stock Exchange, as well as copper and gold, the outcomes reveal the presence of randomness in the transformed series in all aspects. Naturally, this random-ness could be examined to identify any underlying trends. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        406 - Investigating the Relationship between Accounting Earning and Gross Domestic Product in Companies Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Emad Ghajar Parviz Saeidi
        10.22034/amfa.2016.526244
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        407 - Forecasting Stock Trend by Data Mining Algorithm
        Sadegh Ehteshami Mohsen Hamidian Zohreh Hajiha Serveh Shokrollahi
        10.22034/amfa.2018.539138
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        408 - Faunistic study of plant bugs (Miridae) and determination dominant species in the agricultural farmlands and gardens of Arak and suburbs
        T. Arkani R. Hosseini r. vafaie
        During 2008-2009, in a faunal study of Miridae family in the agricultural farmlands and gardens of Arak and the suburbs, 25 species belonging to 17 genera of 5 subfamilies were identified; A  species marked with asterisk, is newly recorded from Iran. Most of collec More
        During 2008-2009, in a faunal study of Miridae family in the agricultural farmlands and gardens of Arak and the suburbs, 25 species belonging to 17 genera of 5 subfamilies were identified; A  species marked with asterisk, is newly recorded from Iran. Most of collected species, are                  phytophagous, where, some of them have been already introduced as agricultural pests. For                example Lygus rugulipennis Poppius 1911, as an important agricultural pest in Arak, the most abundant species among the harmful collected species (35/09%), but few studies have been                conducted regarding its economic importance. The rest of the species (6 species) are predator  which among them Deraeocoris punctulatus (Fallen, 1807) was determined as the dominant               predator. The list of the collected species is as follow. Lygus rugulipennis Poppius, 1911 Lygus gemellatus (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835) Lygus pratensis (Linnaeus, 1758) Polymerus vulneratus (Panzer, 1805) Polymerus cognatus (Fieber, 1858) Eurystylus bellevoyei (Reuter, 1879) Orthops sangvinolentus (Reuter, 1879) Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze, 1778) Stenodema calcarata (Fallen, 1807) Stenodema turanica Reuter, 1904 Trigonotylus pulchellus Hahn, 1834 Deraeocoris serenus (Douglas and Scott, 1868) Deraeocoris punctulatus (Fallen, 1807) Deraeocoris lutescens (Schilling, 1837) Deraeocoris pilipes (Reuter, 1879) Plagiognathus fulvipennis (Kirschbaum, 1856) Europiella artemisiae (Becker, 1864) Europiella sp. Tuponia sp. Campylomma diversicornis Reuter, 1878 Tytthus parviceps (Reuter, 1890) Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) Dicyphus eckerleini Wagner, 1963 Orthotylus sp. Fieber, 1858 (2 species) Cyrtorhinus caricis (Fallen, 1807) * Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        409 - Effect of different wheat cultivars on population of Rhyzopertha dominica (Col: Bostrychidae)
        K. Eyidozehi S. Khormali S. Ravan A. Khani
        Lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F. is one the most important pests in Golestan province. One of the method to reduce the pest damage is using resistant cultivars. In this experiment the effect of eight cultivars and lines of wheat such as Kouhdasht, Zagros, Mor More
        Lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica F. is one the most important pests in Golestan province. One of the method to reduce the pest damage is using resistant cultivars. In this experiment the effect of eight cultivars and lines of wheat such as Kouhdasht, Zagros, Morvarid, Darya, Pastor, Line 17 and N-80-19, on number of live and dead adults and populatioin growth rate of lesser grain borer was studied. One hundred gram of wheat was placed in a crystal container and 10 adults were put on each container and kept under stored condition. Sampling was done every each 7 to 10 days intervals. Data were analyzied using SAS program in split-plot in time design. Analysis of variance showed that number of a live adults and population growth rate in wheat cultivars were significantly different (p <0.01). But no significant differece in number of dead adults. Was observed mean comparison of traits in wheat cultivars showed that Zagros variety had the highest mean of live insects (31.25), dead insects(4.25) and growth rate (00.25) was the most sensitive cultivar. Among the studied cultivars, Morvarid have the lowest mean of live insects and low population growth rate (0.01) Therefor it is the most resistant cultivar among the cultivars tested in this experiant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        410 - A review of biofilm and chorus sensing formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
        Rezvaneh behzadmehr Maryam Beigomi saeide saeidi
        10.30495/qafj.2022.1950481.1022
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and causes 10 to 15% of nosocomial infections. The presence of unity genes is one of the most important invasive mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and this issue is of special medical importance.The expression of ma More
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and causes 10 to 15% of nosocomial infections. The presence of unity genes is one of the most important invasive mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and this issue is of special medical importance.The expression of many Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenic genes is controlled by a gene system called the Quorum Sensing System (QS). Chromosensing is a cell-to-cell communication system using small SMs molecules in single-celled organisms. The present review study was obtained with the help of articles indexed in Magiran and SID Persian scientific databases and Scopus, Google scholar, Ebscohost and Science Direct English databases.The QS system genes are highly abundant among human-derived Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. It is also known as an infectious bacterium with high antibiotic resistance.The results showed that medicinal plants in different dilutions inhibit chromosome sensing and biofilm in bacteria.The results showed that medicinal plants in different dilutions inhibit chromosome sensing and biofilm in bacteria. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        411 - Inverse modeling of gravity field data due to finite vertical cylinder using modular neural network and least-squares standard deviation method
        Ata Eshaghzadeh Sanaz Seyedi Sahebari Roghayeh Alsadat Kalantari
        10.30495/ijes.2019.669401
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        412 - Evaluation of groundwater suitability for the domestic and irrigation purposes in Konaro Ophiolitic Area, Iranshahr, SE Iran
        Baseer Ahmad Barahouei Mohammad Reza Noura Mohammad Elyas Moslempour Rahim Dabiri
        10.30495/ijes.2021.682867
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        413 - Geochemistry and potential of toxic elements in sediments originating from salt domes, north of Hormuz strait (Pol, Gachin, Angouran and Hormuz)
        Tooba Jalali Nezhad Hamid Reza Masoumi Mohammadsadegh Dehghanian Jamal Tarrah
        10.30495/ijes.2022.1937411.1640
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        414 - An Algorithm for Modeling and Interpretation of Seismoelectric Data
        Ehsan Golmakani Torghabeh Mohammad Ebrahimi Dabbagh Hooman Latifi
        Generally speaking, seismoelectric modeling is a prospecting method based on seismic and electromagnetic waves, in which waves generated by a seismic source at the boundary of the two environments generate a relative fluid-solid motion formed as a result of antagonism b More
        Generally speaking, seismoelectric modeling is a prospecting method based on seismic and electromagnetic waves, in which waves generated by a seismic source at the boundary of the two environments generate a relative fluid-solid motion formed as a result of antagonism between the elastic properties of the environment with the saturated fluid. This research has as its objective, a study of the effect of an electric field due to DC current on the propagation of seismic waves by pseudo spectral time domain method, or the more general concept of seismoelectric coupling effect. In this research, poroelastic equations were used for seismic waves and Maxwell’s equations for lectromagnetic waves. Additionally, the seismoelectric effect or charge density, electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity function, fluid viscosity and zeta potential were determined. DC electric field variations were compared with results of a physical experiment conducted in a modeled environment. The results revealed that DC electric significantly affected the propagation of elastic energy through seismoelectric coupling in a wide range of seismic frequency widths. Additionally, the boundaries of the substrata were specified using the horizontal component of the electric field of the magnetic wave Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        415 - A Study of Our Share in Complete Growth and Development of World with an Approach to Understanding of Anti-Marketing Importance
        Esrafil Shirazi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        416 - The Effect of Canopy Protrusion Amount on Energy Consumption and Thermal Comfort in the Dome Structure (Case Study: Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque)
        Najme Tavazo Mansour Nik pour Mohsen Ghasemi Hadi Farzan
        10.30495/ccd.2023.1983578.1204
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        417 - Space Syntax Reading in Traditional Mosques of Khorasan Razavi and Its Relationship with Iranian-Islamic Wisdom
        Alireza Shirkhani Khosro Sahaf hero Farkisch Dovood Choganian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        418 - investigating The Manifestation of Light in An Iranian House Based on The Opinions of Suhrawardi
        tokameh abbasnia tehrani khosro sahaf Hassan Rezaei Abolghasem ghavam
        10.30495/ccd.2022.697314
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        419 - A Comparative Study of the Woman's Characterization in Two Short Stories: "Mashang" by Moniro Ravanipour and “Bache Mardom” by Jalal Al-e-Ahmad
        Azim Jabbareh Naserou Zahra Zarei
        The purpose of the present research was a comparative study of female characterization in the two short stories "Mashang"(the simpleton) by Moniro Ravanipour and “Bache Mardom” (child of the people) by Jalal Al-Ahmad. The research population was the works of More
        The purpose of the present research was a comparative study of female characterization in the two short stories "Mashang"(the simpleton) by Moniro Ravanipour and “Bache Mardom” (child of the people) by Jalal Al-Ahmad. The research population was the works of Moniro Ravanipour, and Jalal Al-Ahmad, and the studied sample was the woman character in the story of Mashang and “Bache Mardom”. The research design was descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done through the library method and through note card taking, and then, based on the two short studied stories, the characterization of woman by these two authors was analyzed and described. Findings showed that the story "Mashang" by Moniro Ravanipour was a successful example of female characterization in which the author addressed all the various physical, behavioral, intellectual, etc. dimensions of female identity and did not ignore any of them and the story of “Bache Mardom” by Jalal Al-Ahmad was an unsuccessful example of this type of characterization in which the author did not performed well in using the elements of the story and had often ignored the identity dimensions of the female character. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        420 - Testing a Causal Model of Domestic Violence Based on Mind Reading Through the Eyes and Childhood Psychological Maltreatment Mediated by the Quality of the Marital Relationship in Traumatized Women
        Sajjad Basharpoor Matineh Ebadi
        The aim of this study was to test a causal model of domestic violence based on mind reading through the eyes and childhood psychological maltreatment mediated by the quality of marital relationship in traumatized women. The statistical population of the study consisted More
        The aim of this study was to test a causal model of domestic violence based on mind reading through the eyes and childhood psychological maltreatment mediated by the quality of marital relationship in traumatized women. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married women traumatized by domestic violence in Ardabil in 2021. The number of subjects was 300 who were selected via convenient sampling method and participated in the study online. The research method was descriptive and correlational. To collect data, Haj-Yahia Domestic Violence Against Women Questionnaire (2002), "Reading the Mind in the Eyes'' Test of Baron and Cohen (2005), Childhood Psychological Abuse Scale of Coates and Messman-Moore (2014), and the Marital Quality Scale of Basbi et al. (1995) were used. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the variables of mind reading through the eyes, childhood psychological maltreatment had a direct effect on domestic violence in traumatized women; And these variables through the quality of marital relationship had an indirect effect on domestic violence in traumatized women. The domestic violence in traumatized women causal model goodness of fit was also confirmed using various indicators. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        421 - A Comparative Criticism of Women's Freedom in poetry of Soad Al-Sabah and Simin Behbehani
        Mohsen Saifi Ali Asdipour Sajad Ismaeli
        Freedom, women's rights has been an important issue in the last seventy years that was implicated more than ever in much of the literature, especially poetry of such a period. Simin Behbehani, the Iranian poet, concerned the issue of women and women's rights anywhere in More
        Freedom, women's rights has been an important issue in the last seventy years that was implicated more than ever in much of the literature, especially poetry of such a period. Simin Behbehani, the Iranian poet, concerned the issue of women and women's rights anywhere in his poems .On the other hand, Soad Al-Sabah the Kuwaiti renowned poet, was one of the vanguards of women's rights in the East of the seventies. This study intended to review the feminine expressions of Soad Al-Sabah and Simin Behbehani poems via implementing a critique comparative approach. Both the poems considered the traditional attitudes of the men, and some other social problems and constraints as obstacles of women freedom. Both the poems were so dissatisfied of in and out house division of labor and sex discrimination. They also declared the right to express love sentiment, playing training and educating roles and … as demonstrating indices of women freedom.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        422 - A Descriptive Study On Domestic Violence And Its Relationship With The Married Women's Mental Profile
        Sara Rashti Reza Pasha Farah Naderi
        The aim of this research was to describe the domestic violence and its relationship with the married women's mental profile in Dezful. Data collection was conducted through random sampling. The research sample was comprised of 404 subjects. The data collecting instrumen More
        The aim of this research was to describe the domestic violence and its relationship with the married women's mental profile in Dezful. Data collection was conducted through random sampling. The research sample was comprised of 404 subjects. The data collecting instruments included a questionnaire on domestic violence and a seventy one items MMPI inventory. To analyze the data, the Pearson correlation coefficient was employed. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the domestic violence and the eight scales of mental profiles at p-level of 0.01. Moreover, it was recognized the domestic violence had an indirect relationship with women's educational trends and family income. The finding also revealed that 75% of women underwent mild violence, 15% moderate violence and 7% experienced sever type of domestic violence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        423 - Relationship between Domestic Violence and Family Function Among Women
        ایران Mehdizadegan M. R. Haghshenas S. H. Atashpour
        The purpose of present research was to study the relationship between domestic violence and family function among Shahinshahr women. The research was a descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all women in Shahinshar town (67000), while 393 wom More
        The purpose of present research was to study the relationship between domestic violence and family function among Shahinshahr women. The research was a descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all women in Shahinshar town (67000), while 393 women were selected via multiple step random sampling among them. In this research a set of questionnaires consisting of Family Violence and Family Assistance Device (F. A. D) were implemented. Data were analyzed with the use of Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analyses. The results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed a significant negative relationship between physical violence, emotional violence, verbal violence and sexual violence with family function (p≤ 0.01, p≤ 0.05). Moreover, results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that sexual and verbal violence could significantly predict family function (p≤ 0.01). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        424 - An Introduction to the Role of the Women in Literary Revolutions
        فرخنده Baha-Mirian سهیلا Lovami
        In this paper, the role of the women in the literary revolutions has been studied. Since many intellectual women have been mentioned and recorded in Persian literature history, only those who have created new styles and / or caused distinct literary revolutions, have be More
        In this paper, the role of the women in the literary revolutions has been studied. Since many intellectual women have been mentioned and recorded in Persian literature history, only those who have created new styles and / or caused distinct literary revolutions, have been noted here. In view of the fact that Persian literature history has been recorded under the influence of masculine domination. Finding the works of the intellectual women in some cases is a difficult task. However, in the period of constitutionalism and thanks to constitution revolution, due to the fact that the women managed to earn their legal rights. Finding the appropriate resources has become easier. While introducing the works of the intellectual women, their literary and social prominences are being considered here as well. The main topic of this research is the poet women, because women in Iran have less experience in prose and story writing than poetry and also the number of intellectual poet women are much more than prose writing women. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        425 - and Social support in Sports and Non-sports Women in Ahwaz City
        Sahar Safarzadeh
        The research objective was the comparison of self-efficacy, domination and social support in sports and non-sports women in Ahwaz city. The sample consisted of 200 subjects (100 sports woman, 100 non-sports woman), which were selected by random. For data collecting thre More
        The research objective was the comparison of self-efficacy, domination and social support in sports and non-sports women in Ahwaz city. The sample consisted of 200 subjects (100 sports woman, 100 non-sports woman), which were selected by random. For data collecting three questionnaires were used: self-efficacy questionnaire (GSE), Domination (F) California questionnaire and Philips Social support Questionnaire. Statistical results were significant on P value less then   0/05     (P<0/05) and showed significant difference between sports and non-sports women on self-efficacy, domination and social support. Therefore the research hypotheses were confirmed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        426 - Investigating the Causes for Domestic Violence against Women
        مریم Sabeti روح انگیز Latifi مهرداد Mohammadian
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of domestic violence against women in the city of Tehran 300 subjects were selected by cluster sampling. A survey research design was documented. To collect data questionnaires and interviews were implemented. Resu More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of domestic violence against women in the city of Tehran 300 subjects were selected by cluster sampling. A survey research design was documented. To collect data questionnaires and interviews were implemented. Results showed a statistically significant correlation between the reduction of power, economic and social base, patriarchal, traditionalism, patriarchal ideology, place of birth, division of roles and learning patterns of violence with violence against women. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        427 - Predicting domestic violence against women based on the dimensions of sexual schemas in house wives
        Arezoo moradi Shayeste Chardavali
        10.30495/iifs.2022.1954030.1028
        Introduction:The aim of this study was to predict domestic violence against women based on the dimensions of sexual schemas in housewives in Sanandaj. Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and descriptive implementation met More
        Introduction:The aim of this study was to predict domestic violence against women based on the dimensions of sexual schemas in housewives in Sanandaj. Methods: The present study was descriptive-correlational in terms of applied purpose and descriptive implementation method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all housewives in Sanandaj in the first 6 months of 1399 From the statistical population of the study, 170 housewives were selected in a targeted and accessible manner. Research tools include: Domestic Violence Against Women Questionnaire 26 questions Verdinia (2010), Sex Schemas Questionnaire 50 questions Anderson and Siranowski (1994). Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics of regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software.  Results: The results showed that about 71% of the variance of domestic violence against women can be predicted based on the dimensions of sexual schemas in housewives in Sanandaj (p≤0/01). There was also a significant inverse relationship between the components of sexual schemas and domestic violence against women (P (p≤0/01). Conclusion:From the results it can be concluded that the components of sexual schemas have a significant inverse relationship with the tendency to domestic violence and in designing intervention and treatment protocols to reduce domestic violence to this education and increase self-awareness about sexual schemas attention It must be done. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        428 - تعیین جریان غالب رودخانه دز
        علی عصاره عباس گوبانی
        در مسایل مورفودینامیکی و ساماندهی رودخانه، از جریان غالب رودخانه که شکل دهنده آبراهه است؛ به عنوان دبی طراحی در مسایلی چون احیاء رودخانه استفاده می­شود. داده­های دبی متوسط روزانه، حداکثر پیک سالانه، دبی رسوب، دبی- اشل و پروفیل مقطع عرضی رودخانه در ایستگاه موردنظ More
        در مسایل مورفودینامیکی و ساماندهی رودخانه، از جریان غالب رودخانه که شکل دهنده آبراهه است؛ به عنوان دبی طراحی در مسایلی چون احیاء رودخانه استفاده می­شود. داده­های دبی متوسط روزانه، حداکثر پیک سالانه، دبی رسوب، دبی- اشل و پروفیل مقطع عرضی رودخانه در ایستگاه موردنظر در بازه زمانی1400-1382 از امور آب استان خوزستان تهیه گردید. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد دبی موثر در رودخانه دز 246 مترمکعب بر ثانیه می­باشد. با توجه به اینکه مقدار توان رابطه دبی رسوب بزرگتر از یک به دست آمد؛ می­توان نتیجه گرفت که بار رسوب معلق رودخانه دز زیاد بوده و رودخانه از نوع ماسه­ای است. متوسط سالانه رسوب عبوری 48/344426 تن در سال و دبی عبوری رسوب از ایستگاه دزفول 92/10 کیلوگرم بر ثانیه به دست آمد. رقوم مقطع پر 11/9 متر از کف رودخانه و دبی مقطع پر 44/2709 متر مکعب بر ثانیه به دست آمد.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        429 - Using cause and Effect Diagram to Survey the Cause of Bankruptcy and Slump Domestic Industries by QFD & FMEA Approach
        Mohammad Amin HesamiNezhad Mahnaz Zarei Mohammad Bagher Moayedi
        In paying attention to the recent years, domestic industries encounter severe slump and some of them has become insolvent, some are also at the beginning of bankruptcy. The existence of a research that would be able to applicability and simply show the causes of domesti More
        In paying attention to the recent years, domestic industries encounter severe slump and some of them has become insolvent, some are also at the beginning of bankruptcy. The existence of a research that would be able to applicability and simply show the causes of domestic industries bankruptcy, and make it flexible to the government`s honorable attendants, congress representatives, judicature, and other governmental and private organizations, has been less seen. Therefore, the writers of this article have tried at the first step to extract the main causes of bankruptcy and slump domestic industries from the writing and speeches of country`s attendants and experts and specialists. At the second step, the causes are presented to specialists and advisers of Ministry of Industry and Mining. Then by using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) more than 90 problems are extracted, classified and prioritized, and then the obtained results are used as input to draw cause and effect diagram (fishbone diagram). In this article to draw cause and effect diagram, the bankruptcy causes and slump domestic industries are categorized into 8 parts: 1. government, 2. domestic industries, 3. goods smuggling, 4. bank, 5. judicature, 6. Congress, 7. environment, and 8. people. On the one hand, this diagram can simply show the domestic industries problems based on their importance and on the other hand specify the related organizations to solve the problems. This current research from the viewpoint of purpose is an active research and from the aspect of approach and nature is a descriptive-applicable research in which the library approach is used to gather information, and also experts judgment are used for validity and reliability. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        430 - Investigation the effectiveness of support group therapy by reality therapy approach on emotional control of divorced women victims of domestic violence
        Sara Monsefi Hasan Ahadi Hamidreza Hatami
        This research aimed to investigation the effectiveness of support group therapy by reality therapy approach on emotional control of divorced women victims of domestic violence. Present study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control gro More
        This research aimed to investigation the effectiveness of support group therapy by reality therapy approach on emotional control of divorced women victims of domestic violence. Present study was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was divorced women victims of domestic violence of Tehran city in 2018 year. The research sample was 30 people that were selected by available sampling method and assigned into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group trained 10 of 80 minutes sessions (two sessions per week) and the control group received no training. Data collected with the Roger and Najjarian's revised emotional control questionnaires (1989) and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method with SPSS version-22 software. The results showed that support group therapy by reality therapy approach significantly improved emotional inhibition, rumination or rehearsal and benign control of divorced women victims of domestic violence, but there was no significant effect on the their aggression control (P<0/05). Regarding to the results, for improve the emotional control of divorced women victims of domestic violence can be used from the method of support group therapy by reality therapy approach. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        431 - Modeling the relationship between parents'domestic violence on students' externalized and internalized behaviors mediated by psychological flexibility
        behrooz izadabadi Bahman Akbari
        The aim of this study was to test the model of the relationship between parents 'domestic violence on students' externalized and internalized behaviors mediated by psychological flexibility. The research method is a descriptive structural equation modeling. The statisti More
        The aim of this study was to test the model of the relationship between parents 'domestic violence on students' externalized and internalized behaviors mediated by psychological flexibility. The research method is a descriptive structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was all male high school students in Guilan province. The sample size includes 431 students who were selected virtually in the form of an invitation message due to the outbreak of the coronavirus and restrictions. Subjects completed the Domestic Violence Questionnaire, Adolescent Self-Report Form, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, and data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling. The results showed that the indirect effect of parental domestic violence and internalized and extroverted behaviors (ie when psychological flexibility is used as a mediating variable) is greater than the direct effect of the calculated variables. The research hypotheses are confirmed and the root mean square approximation index indicates that the model has a good fit (RMSEA = 0.037). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        432 - The relationship between psychological capital and communicational patterns with domestic violence
        zohreh sepehri shamloo raziye keramati
        Abstract The purpose of the present research was to study the relationships between psychological capital and communicational patterns with domestic violence. So, 203 women have been selected by available sampling in Bojnord. It was a descriptive-correlation researc More
        Abstract The purpose of the present research was to study the relationships between psychological capital and communicational patterns with domestic violence. So, 203 women have been selected by available sampling in Bojnord. It was a descriptive-correlation research and Straus et al. Conflict Tactics scale (CTS-2), Lutthans psychological capital questionnaire (PCQ) and Christansen and Sulavay couples communicational patterns questionnaire were used. Data analysis was carried out by multivariate regression test. The results indicated that mutual constructivism pattern predict received violence in negative direction (p<0.01) and the pattern of demand/resignation was also predicting received violence in positive direction (P<0.05). also, the results indicate that psychological capital (self-efficacy and hope) predict domestic violence in negative direction (P<0.05). according to the results it can be said that low inefficient communicational patterns and psychological capital of women lead to increase the amount of applied violence. Also the amount of received violence and victim of violence features would be connected together. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        433 - The tricks of the book Tabashir al-Hikma Raz Shirazi in making the habits of the life of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) believable
        zahra naseiri Saeed Qashqaei Ahmad Tahan
        10.30495/farsij.2022.1946320.1573
        Language has a paradoxical function as an important factor in the narration of mystical-historical habits. On the other hand, by broadening the imagination, it promotes the literature of historical texts and separates the reader from the world of reality. On the other h More
        Language has a paradoxical function as an important factor in the narration of mystical-historical habits. On the other hand, by broadening the imagination, it promotes the literature of historical texts and separates the reader from the world of reality. On the other hand, with a linguistic approach to creating logic and the relationship between linguistic cause and effect, it returns the audience to the context of reality in order to accept, at the astonishing peak, mystical and historical habits. This article, by combining structuralist linguistics and pattern-oriented linguistics and using a descriptive-analytical method, examines the linguistic and metalanguage elements in the story of "The Birth of Mustafa (PBUH)" from the book Tabashir al-Hikma Raz Shirazi; The results of the research show that the author has made the most of the paradoxical function of language in creating credibility in order to make the life habits of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) believable. In this way, accurate characterization of historical people, narration of trusted people, accurate description of the places and time of life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), dialogue element, variety of verbs and short sentences, use of letters for purposes Secondary has also made full use of. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        434 - Surrealism and Iraqi’s Mysticism
        yadolah bahmani ali akbar afrasiabpour
        10.30495/farsij.2022.697718
        Surrealism has principles similar to the principles of mysticism, which have become more prominent in the minds of some mystics, and Fakhreddin al-Iraqi, a great seventh-century Iranian poet and mystic, has never seen his poetry and prose from this perspective. And has More
        Surrealism has principles similar to the principles of mysticism, which have become more prominent in the minds of some mystics, and Fakhreddin al-Iraqi, a great seventh-century Iranian poet and mystic, has never seen his poetry and prose from this perspective. And has not been studied and compared in the form of new literary criticism. In this article, which is a library and descriptive-analytical method, after a new reading of the relationship between mysticism and surrealism, their commonalities in Iraqi works are drawn and followed. He had a school of beauty is beauty and love originality and cross-border element of imagination to reality and beauty entrepreneur knows, The escape from reason to intuition turns and speaks to the unconscious inner world like Shat'h and inspiration from the world of fantasy with interest that, in fact, offers a surrealistic images and in this study is comparable to the school ofFakher Iraqi al-Din Mysticism teachings is shown. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        435 - The Theme of Satire in Zakaria Tamer’s Short Stories
        Mahmoud Abdanan Mahdizade Kamran Soleymani Hadis Asadi
        Among areas in which ‘satire’ could be used to address the reality is literature because men of letters could reveal the reality with their own words, and writers and poets in various countries use it to express their intents. Regarding the effectiveness of More
        Among areas in which ‘satire’ could be used to address the reality is literature because men of letters could reveal the reality with their own words, and writers and poets in various countries use it to express their intents. Regarding the effectiveness of satire on reflecting the faults and people’s inhumanity of a society in a piece of writing, whether politically or socially, it could be recognized that the language of satire is more eloquent and impressive than those of other literary devices. One of the men of letters that has uncovered the painful truth of his society and the Arab world with satire is Zakaria Tamer, that has dedicated his life to fighting against the disasters of his time illustrating the political and social problems artistically and creatively. This study focuses on the theme of satire in the Arab world concerning three subjects, i.e. poverty and poverty gap, freedom and fight against tyranny, and criticism and ridicule, as well as on analyzing his viewpoints on the subjects in his short stories. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        436 - Binding Hierarchy and Complement Clauses in Sorani Kurdish
        Mohammad Sedigh Zahedi Habib Soleymani
        The author’s aim in writing this article is to study complement clauses in Sorani dialect of Kurdish and compare them with Givon's Binding Hierarchy. Having Observed predicates' behavior and their complements, we came to the conclusion that predicates classificati More
        The author’s aim in writing this article is to study complement clauses in Sorani dialect of Kurdish and compare them with Givon's Binding Hierarchy. Having Observed predicates' behavior and their complements, we came to the conclusion that predicates classification and binding hierarchy of complements in Sorani , except in a few numbers, follows the diagram presented by Givon, and confirms his claim that binding hierarchy of complements is a universal tendency among world languages. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        437 - A Survey on the Concept of Freedom in poems by FaroukiYazdi and AbolghasemAlshaby
        Abdolreza Modareszadeh Zainab Khoramaabadi Arani Aboozar Ghasemi Arani Hassan Sefareshi Bidgoli
        The  concept  of  freedom  has  beenexpressed  in  different  ways  in differentcultures and societies. This expression has a special place among African  and  Asian  nations  such  as  Iran &nb More
        The  concept  of  freedom  has  beenexpressed  in  different  ways  in differentcultures and societies. This expression has a special place among African  and  Asian  nations  such  as  Iran  tasting  the  bitter  sense  of despotism and colonialism.Poets in such nations have constantly used their poetic  and  gentle  soul  to  cry  for  freedom  and  they  have  played  an important role to inform people of their rights. FaroukiYazdi and A. Alshaby are both have been introduced as “liberal poets”. The concept of freedom in their verses are expressedand definedwith words like freedom, law,  resistance  against  colonialism, dictatorship.  Authors  in  this  paper have tried to introduce and study the two poetsin a comparative ways as liberal literary writers whose poems are enriched with expressions of freedom. Consequently, this study shows that the word and concept of freedom has a special place in their poetry. The only difference and exception between these poets is that the concept of freedom has more varied range of meaning in FaroukiYazdi’s poetryincomparison with Alshaby’s. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        438 - The Concept of "Escape" in Desert, A Novel by Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clezio
        Elham Sajadi
        The heroes of Le Clezio novels escape from themselves and the unfavorable conditions around them each in some way; an escape not for reaching the pleasant materialistic and living conditions rather they wish wholeheartedly to return to their own essence & origin &nd More
        The heroes of Le Clezio novels escape from themselves and the unfavorable conditions around them each in some way; an escape not for reaching the pleasant materialistic and living conditions rather they wish wholeheartedly to return to their own essence & origin – to their source and first home i.e. their own "self". And by this excuse they wish again to find refugee in the origins from which they had escaped. The identity crisis is one of the main axis of all Le Clezio's novels. The heroes of his novels hate their alien identity and the mask which wear on their face and are looking for their real identity each in some way. In the present paper, we try to fall in step with "Lalla", the hero of "Desert"; and we enter her world with herself. She who is annoyed, sick and tired of living amidst the stone, steel and asphalt, busy streets, high buildings and skyscrapers finds the only way of freedom and peace in returning to the desert. By studying the feelings, memories and loneliness of the hero and other characters and their sorrow in exile, we understand the concept of "escape from oneself" for them. It's noteworthy that today returning to the self is one of the important issues for the thinkers and researchers. In this query we try to examine different aspects of "Escape" for Le Clezio especially in his novel "Desert". Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        439 - Designing a strategic model for training and improving human resources with the aim of success in domestic and foreign markets
        mohsen forghani arefeh davoodi amirreza alizadeh majd
        The purpose of this study is to provide a model for success in domestic and foreign markets using training and improvement of human resources. Achieving the goals of the organization depends on the ability of employees to perform the assigned tasks and adapt to the chan More
        The purpose of this study is to provide a model for success in domestic and foreign markets using training and improvement of human resources. Achieving the goals of the organization depends on the ability of employees to perform the assigned tasks and adapt to the changing environment. Implementation of training and improvement of human resources causes people to be able to effectively continue their activities in accordance with organizational and environmental changes and increase their efficiency. For this purpose, according to the literature review and analysis of the opinions of experts, experts and managers and the use of qualitative research method, exploratory type was used and semi-structured interview, content analysis, focus group and expert grouping were used. It is of qualitative type. First, qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews as well as several articles. In Table 4, a total of 140 codes were extracted, which was obtained through 15 interviews. It was found that in the expert grouping session, it was grouped into 7 components and 3 dimensions by the experts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        440 - The effect of a course of forced swimming exercises with vitamin E on the histopathology of uterine tissue in endometriosis model rats
        Shahrbano jaafari Hajar Abbaszadeh parvin farzanegi Leila zameni
        10.30495/pah.2023.1988708.1046
        Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a course of swimming exercises with vitamin E on the histopathology of uterine tissue in endometriosis model rats. Method: This study was of an experimental type, in which the number of 5 8-week-old fem More
        Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a course of swimming exercises with vitamin E on the histopathology of uterine tissue in endometriosis model rats. Method: This study was of an experimental type, in which the number of 5 8-week-old female Wistar rats after the induction of the model was randomly divided into 5 healthy control groups, endometriosis, endometriosis+ vitamin E, endometriosis+swimming, endometriosis+swimming+Vitamin E were divided. The amount of vitamin consumption was 200 mg/kg per body weight of each rat, and the swimming training program was for 8 weeks, five days a week, and every day for 30 minutes. After anesthesia, an autopsy was performed and uterine tissue samples were taken. Histological results obtained from uterine tissue samples were expressed descriptively with pictures. Findings: The results showed that in the rats of the endometriosis model, the cylindrical epithelium had completely disappeared and was only visible in some areas compared to the control group. On the other hand, in the vitamin and exercise groups, although the size of the cyst was reduced, the structure of the epithelium was not completely normal. However, blood sampling of the tissue was done well and vessels were visible around the tissue. On the other hand, it was observed that the light-colored areas indicated the induction of tissue death in the layers around the cyst, and these symptoms could be considered as a reason for the shrinking of the cyst size and its removal in the future. Conclusion: It seems that performing swimming exercises and taking vitamin E at the same time can help reduce tissue damage and improve the histopathological factors of uterine tissue in endometriosis model rats. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        441 - The comparison of energy harvester performance of two degrees of freedom model in two different configurations with the base random excitation
        Amirheshmat Khedmati Bazkiaei
        In order to convert mechanical vibrations into useful electrical energy, is one of the goals of many researchers in today's science, and for this purpose, harvesting equipment with piezoelectric components has been used. To check the performance of this system, knowledg More
        In order to convert mechanical vibrations into useful electrical energy, is one of the goals of many researchers in today's science, and for this purpose, harvesting equipment with piezoelectric components has been used. To check the performance of this system, knowledge of the behavior and output of the vibration system, and the effect of different parameters of that system is of great importance. In the current research, it is tried to investigate the effects of different parameters on the performance of the harvester by modeling the vibration system as a two-degree-of-freedom model, in two different configurations. To check more closely and find a result closer to reality, using the theory of linear random vibrations, the stimulation in question was white noise type. In the mathematical modeling, two two-degree-of-freedom states have been investigated, in the first state, the piezoelectric between the base and the first mass, and in the second state, the piezoelectric between the base and the second mass has been assumed. After extracting the governing equations in each configuration and applying the input to the system with random excitation, the effect of all identified and introduced parameters in the system is studied, and the configuration with higher efficiency, in terms of the average energy harvester, is introduced and the results are expressed graphically. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        442 - The reflection of the wisdom of ancient Iran on the beauty and mystical love of Suhrawardi, relying on aesthetics
        azarnoosh gilani
        Abstract Wisdom and philosophy in Iran have an ancient history. In ancient Iran, especially during the reign of Khosrow Anushirvan, a lot of effort was made to develop philosophy and wisdom in Iran. With the coming of Islam to Iran, this process continued until it reach More
        Abstract Wisdom and philosophy in Iran have an ancient history. In ancient Iran, especially during the reign of Khosrow Anushirvan, a lot of effort was made to develop philosophy and wisdom in Iran. With the coming of Islam to Iran, this process continued until it reached Suhrawardi. Suhravardi is the link between the philosophy of ancient Greece, ancient Iran and the philosophy of Islam. By accessing ancient sources, especially Zoroastrian Avesta and Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, he created a remarkable link between Eastern and Western philosophy. As a revivalist of the wisdom of ancient Iran, with full knowledge of Iranian philosophical thought, Suhravardi presents a mystical interpretation of the personality and actions of the legendary heroes of Iran, such as: Ki Khosro, Fereydon and Kiyomarth. Also, Suhravardi's special attention to "Nooral Anwar" shows his affinity with the Quran and ancient Iranian culture. The description that Sohrvardi gives of Zoroastrianism and Zoroastrian concepts in terms of attention to light, fire, divine furnace, division of the world into two parts, Minoan and Gitian, as well as Zoroastrian angels, clearly shows the extent to which he was influenced by the wisdom of ancient Iran. In the discussion of aesthetics, Suhrvardi pays special attention to all aspects of "moral function", "world of example", "beauty and love" and "epistemology". which can be cautiously considered as a special science originating from "aesthetics". In this research, an attempt is made to reflect on the wisdom of ancient Iran and on the beauty and mystical love of Sohrvardi, relying on the philosophy of aesthetics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        443 - self-existent wisdom from the point of view of Muslim theologians
        javad hajipour
        The wisdom of God in the mirror of Muslim theologians' thinking indicates His infinite knowledge. They infer God's knowledge by explaining the divine wisdom and the details of the craft and the subtleties of the verb, and they pay more attention to His current knowledge More
        The wisdom of God in the mirror of Muslim theologians' thinking indicates His infinite knowledge. They infer God's knowledge by explaining the divine wisdom and the details of the craft and the subtleties of the verb, and they pay more attention to His current knowledge and current attributes. According to the opinion of Shiite theologians - regardless of their philosophical opinions in this matter - the definition of wisdom in the field of speech is "God does not do ugly things, which requires accepting the principle of goodness and ugliness inherent in reason; That the phenomenon in itself contains all kinds of benefits and corruptions, and the Supreme Being is also aware of these benefits and corruptions. Therefore, in his actions, he does not commit ugly things and does not abandon what is necessary. With this opinion, Shiite theologians demarcated the opinions of the Ash'arites, which deny goodness and ugliness inherent in reason.According to Ash'areh opinion, God does not perform His actions based on purity and wisdom, but what He does is wise, which they consider to be the result of God's knowledge. With this statement, they wanted to preserve the inherent exaltation of God, who does not condemn anything outside the realm of his nature, but they have prescribed the issuance of any act, even if it is futile, for his nature to be a burden. The verbs are based on expediency and wisdom and being free from cancellation and futility, but their expression of God's wisdom is similar to the wisdom of humans, which is issued from Him to achieve a purpose and goal. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        444 - The wisdom of the existence of mediators between the creator and the created
        Roohallah khodadadi Mostafa khodadadnijad Meisam Pourfaraj
        One of the facts of the universe is the existence of mediators between God and mankind. In many verses of the Qur'an and narrations, the existence of material and spiritual mediators (such as angels) and their roles are mentioned in more detail, and the intellect, the s More
        One of the facts of the universe is the existence of mediators between God and mankind. In many verses of the Qur'an and narrations, the existence of material and spiritual mediators (such as angels) and their roles are mentioned in more detail, and the intellect, the soul, the pen, etc. are mentioned as mediators. The subject of the wisdom of mediators and their role in the world has a special and great place in Islamic sciences. Commentators, theologians, philosophers and mystics have proposed different topics in their writings and independently to explain and investigate this issue. This discussion is a necessary introduction to solve some other issues. Muslim scholars have paid attention to this issue according to the Qur'an and hadiths. The discussion of mediators and their role in the world and the relationship between their influence and God's activity is very important. Many of the problems of Wahhabis and Wahhabi sects are solved by explaining this discussion. The reason why Wahhabis say why should we bring intermediaries with God Almighty and why should we bring anything other than God at all is that they have not resolved the issue of intermediaries and their role in the world from the perspective of verses, traditions and reason. In this research, after explaining the types of mediators between Almighty God and creatures, we discuss the reasons and wisdom of the existence of these mediators. The reasons that God performs His actions through mediators are: The failure of God's purpose of creation without some mediators. like the prophets, introducing the greatness of these mediators to encourage adherence to them, the orderliness of the universe. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        445 - The concept and principle of political wisdom in Kelile and Demne
        mehdi hasani bagheri sharifabad hamed hosinkhani
        Ancient literature of Iran has contained both literary value and Iranian’s deep thoughts over centuries as well. One of these valuable literary works would be “Kelile and Demne” book. This book would be considered as a moral or an advisory book about g More
        Ancient literature of Iran has contained both literary value and Iranian’s deep thoughts over centuries as well. One of these valuable literary works would be “Kelile and Demne” book. This book would be considered as a moral or an advisory book about government and politics. Main principals of Kelile and Demne had been based upon Iranian thoughts. Wisdom would be regarded as one of the remarkable principals that it could be interpreted as political wisdom in governing domains. The present article aimed at exploring the principals of political concept of wisdom in Kelile and Demne. Attempt has been made to achieve the mentioned purposes by developing a question relating principals and concepts of political wisdom in this literary art “kelile and Demne”. To accomplish the goal, the descriptive –analytical methodology was utilized and Data were collected by library methodology. In the main hypothesis, the concept of political wisdom and also the various ways and manners in conducting affairs were discussed. Moreover, the principals of political wisdom including the unity of religion and politics, justice, then royal-ideal thoughts and magnificent of God were presented. Finally the researcher reached to the conclusion that political wisdom in Kelile and Demne can be defined as the political method and manner of conducting and directing of the affairs of government affected by its general principals as well as its general framework in Iranian ancient thoughts especially influenced by Iranian political thoughts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        446 - The relationship between justice and freedom in Mohammadreza Hakimi's political thought
        Bahram Akhavan kazemi Mona hamidinasab
        Justice and freedom are the basic concepts of human society, and the relationship between these two has always been the focus of political science thinkers. What is more than the case analysis of these problematic concepts, is the analysis of these two concepts in relat More
        Justice and freedom are the basic concepts of human society, and the relationship between these two has always been the focus of political science thinkers. What is more than the case analysis of these problematic concepts, is the analysis of these two concepts in relation to each other, which has become the place for different opinions and different schools. One of the thinkers of the present age who does not consider the issue of justice as the basic axis of a religious society to achieve happiness is Mohammad Reza Hakimi. He, who is a follower of the separation school, put the center of gravity of his thought on the element of justice and considers all the political, social and economic relations of the Islamic government to be affected and consistent in the way he interacts with this element. What the author's opinion suggests is to examine the position of this element in relation to another concept such as freedom. Why, as societies become more complex, it becomes more difficult to talk about justice, freedom, and the relationship between the two in various areas of social life and macro-social structures. The importance of this issue raises the need to pay attention to Islamic and indigenous thoughts, which can pave the way for drawing a road map that is more suitable for the life and political life of Islamic societies. Based on this, in response to the question, what is the relationship between these two components in Allameh Hakimi's view? It can be said that in his view there is a direct and consistent relationship between the two elements of justice and freedom; In such a way that if there is no freedom, it will not be possible to achieve justice. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        447 - The concept of freedom in the thought of Mirza Fath-Ali Akhundzadeh
        fardin moradkhani
        Freedom is one of the most important concepts of the new era. In Iran's constitutionalism, the importance of this concept was realized from the very beginning and words were said about it. Among the people who spoke about freedom, intellectuals are very important. They More
        Freedom is one of the most important concepts of the new era. In Iran's constitutionalism, the importance of this concept was realized from the very beginning and words were said about it. Among the people who spoke about freedom, intellectuals are very important. They tried to define freedom and point out its importance and talk about its types. Mirza Fath-Ali Akhundzadeh, as one of the great intellectuals of that period, has reflected on the concept of freedom. It cannot be claimed that he had a coherent thought about freedom and pointed out its various aspects. However, he has said precise words about freedom and while pointing to two types of freedom or two principles of freedom, he has said the reason for their absence in Iran and the way to acquire them and he has addressed some examples of freedom, including freedom of opinion, freedom of the press, and freedom of women Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        448 - Politics in Suhrawardi's thought Re-readingSuhrawardi's political thought with emphasis on A. Spragens query model
        Mir Jamal Al- Din Taghavi Moghadam Mohammad Agah Mohammad Kazem Kaveh Pishghadam
        What shows the originality of Suhrawardi's political philosophy is his attention and determination to find a way out of the political-social crises of his era. Although some consider Suhrawardi as an idealist thinker, what makes Suhrawardi's political thought accurate i More
        What shows the originality of Suhrawardi's political philosophy is his attention and determination to find a way out of the political-social crises of his era. Although some consider Suhrawardi as an idealist thinker, what makes Suhrawardi's political thought accurate is the reflection on the fact that he, by drawing an accurate picture of the chaos of his time and trying to rebuild the society, seeks a realistic reading of The current state of the society is contemporary. The present article aims to raise the question of how to describe the crisis of the political system of our contemporary society, and what solution does he propose to cure it and get out of it? He had perceived the reality of his society in such a way that deep religious divisions, prejudice and religious violence have become the basis for the division of members of the society. Suhrawardi is trying to provide a cure for such a crisis-stricken society. Based on A. Spragens search method, the hypothesis of the current research is based on the opinion that Suhrawardi, by observing the disorder of the society of his era and searching for the causes of this disorder, is of the opinion that the voids and crises created in the social foundations of his era are the basis for the emergence of And there has been an epistemic gap between wisdom and government. By explaining the current situation and delineating the desired situation, Suhrawardi seeks to restore the relationship between wisdom and government in the form of giving legitimacy to the wise ruler's government, as a solution to the crisis of the political system. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        449 - Conceptual developments of authority in the discourse context of public law
        Mohammad Lorinejad mohsen ghaemi
        Authority as a necessary and vital doctrine for the birth and survival of a state is an understanding that has faced different readings in each of the "pre-modern", "modern" and "post-modern" discourses and judgment platforms. Basically, the question of authority, in te More
        Authority as a necessary and vital doctrine for the birth and survival of a state is an understanding that has faced different readings in each of the "pre-modern", "modern" and "post-modern" discourses and judgment platforms. Basically, the question of authority, in terms of what kind of power has the right to command the people and the role of the people in granting and delegitimizing the power contained in an individual or institution, is a question that formulates the basis of public law. This article aims to analyze authority with an analytical and ultimately normative thinking, and in the depth of expressing the differences between authority in each of the discourses, achieve a new model for rethinking about authority. Finally, the present article defends this idea and theory that instead of discursive analysis, verbal analysis of authority, it is desirable to include Benbadin justifications for the legitimacy of power while guaranteeing democratic rights and freedoms. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        450 - Investigating the mechanism of monetary policy transmission in the short term with the approach of Islamic wisdom, relying on a structural vector auto regression model in Iran
        Mahshid Tabatabaie zavareh beitollah akbari moghadam Farhad Ghaffari
        In this research, attempts have been made to identify the characteristics and distinctive features of Islamic banking compared to conventional banking by studying the theoretical framework of Islamic banking literature. Subsequently, by focusing on each characteristic, More
        In this research, attempts have been made to identify the characteristics and distinctive features of Islamic banking compared to conventional banking by studying the theoretical framework of Islamic banking literature. Subsequently, by focusing on each characteristic, their relevant indicators were designed and introduced.Purpose: The purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of monetary policy through monetary transmission channels (interest channel, exchange rate channel, credit channel and expectations channel) in the short term during the period of 1386Q1 - 1396Q4.Methodology: Using the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model, the effects of monetary policy were investigated through channels.Findings: The experimental results obtained from the estimation of the relationships between the variables using the SVAR approach based on statistical data show that in the short term the exchange rate channel is the most effective one in the transmission of monetary policy in a way that the expectations variable has the most effect on this channel. After the exchange rate channel, the expectations channel and the credits and interest rate channel have the most impact in the short term, respectively.Conclusion: By examining the relative importance of monetary transfer channels, we can point out the principle that with the passage of time, the effectiveness of the channels will change. Accordingly, with price shocks, the expectations channel has the most impact in the short term. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        451 - Modeling the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in neutralizing economic sanctions
        Mohsen Hosseinian Samira SherkatRazavi
        The purpose of the following article is to enumerate the main economic harms and threats during the era of the beginning of Islam from the time of the mission of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to his death, and also his behavior and method of neutralizing economic sanction More
        The purpose of the following article is to enumerate the main economic harms and threats during the era of the beginning of Islam from the time of the mission of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to his death, and also his behavior and method of neutralizing economic sanctions. These sanctions, which were carried out according to the library research method of the Holy Quran, traditions, and historical sources, are classified into 3 important sections; All-round economic embargo in the Shi'b Abi Talib, the commercial monopoly of the Quraysh people, and the looting and confiscation of Muslim property by the Quraysh nobles. After the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357, the existence of hostility to the name of the Islamic Republic of Iran appeared in the foreign policy decisions of the United States of America, and on the other hand, anti-Americanism and confrontation with authoritarian powers has been an important approach in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The ultimate goal of this article is to follow the life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and simulate that era to the contemporary era to neutralize the economic sanctions imposed by the colonialist and domineering countries of the West and the world against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Purpose: What was the behavior and method of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in neutralizing the economic sanctions during the era of Islam from the time of the mission of the Prophet (PBUH) until his death? Methodology: The method of this research, which is a type of basic and theoretical research, is descriptive-analytical, and the method of collecting information is using library documents. In this research, the history of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in removing economic sanctions by describing and analyzing the verses of the Holy Quran, hadiths, and historical narrations as well as historical reference books is examined, and the context of knowing his actions and their compatibility with contemporary times to neutralize the sanctions and threats It is considered economic. Findings: In this research, economic sanctions were investigated in three important areas, including all-round economic sanctions in the Shi'b Abi Talib, the commercial monopoly of the Quraish people, and confiscation of Muslim property by the Quraish nobles, and the actions of the Prophet (PBUH) and his companions in removing the sanctions that was classified as economic. Conclusion: After examining the data, in the conclusion of this research, it was found that each of the actions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) to remove the economic sanctions was done for a specific reason and did not focus only on one or more specific dimensions. From communicational-social to economic issues that the Islamic government is facing, it is visible in the economic decisions of the Prophet (PBUH). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        452 - Investigating the effect of nationalism on the willingness to buy domestic products during the embargo period
        soheila zarinjoy alvar leila andervazh
        Objective/main question: Investigating the effect of nationalism on the willingness to buy domestic products during the embargo periodResearch method: In this research, 384 consumers of Snowa brand household appliances in Abadan were randomly selected using Cochran's fo More
        Objective/main question: Investigating the effect of nationalism on the willingness to buy domestic products during the embargo periodResearch method: In this research, 384 consumers of Snowa brand household appliances in Abadan were randomly selected using Cochran's formula as a statistical sample from an infinite population. The instrument of data collection was a questionnaire, which was used to verify its validity, using divergent-homogeneous face validity, and Cronbach's alpha was used for its reliability. To analyze the obtained data, descriptive statistical methods and structural equation methods were used in the inferential statistics department and through SPSS and LISREL software to perform statistical operations.Findings: Finally, brand nationalism and brand trust and brand love had a positive effect on domestic products. Also, the positive effect of the mediating role of brand name and trust and love for the brand on the tendency to buy domestic products was confirmed, but a negative relationship was identified between nationalism and the tendency to buy domestic products. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        453 - Proposing a casual model for student’s creativity based on individual (general self-efficacy, creative self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation & wisdom) and social variables (university climate)
        Seyedeh Fatemeh Kazemi Habib Allah Naderi Soheyla Hashemi Farzaneh Michaeeli manee
        This research was conducted with the aim of investigation the role of individual and social variables on university students’ creativity. Through random multi-stages sampling 366 undergraduate students from university of Mazandaran were selected. The scales of the More
        This research was conducted with the aim of investigation the role of individual and social variables on university students’ creativity. Through random multi-stages sampling 366 undergraduate students from university of Mazandaran were selected. The scales of the present study were “creative achievement questionnaire”, “3d wisdom scale”, “general self-efficacy scale”, “creative self-efficacy scale”, “work preference inventory” and “perception of creative climate”. The data was analyzed by structural equational modeling method with AMOS software. According to the results, intrinsic motivation and creative self-efficacy can predict creative achievement. Wisdom and general self-efficacy haven’t significant impact on creative achievement. The predictive role of creative climate in the creative achievement of students was confirmed. Creative climate of university can predict 0/26 of variance in creativity. Also, the mean of creative achievement in sample was low. The individual variables and creative climate of university as a social variable play a significant role in creativity of university students. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        454 - The Impact of Knowledge Management on Organizational Wisdom with the Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence (Case Study: Islamic Azad University of Tehran City)
        Behzad Shoghi Afsane Zamanie Moghaddam Parivash Jafari
        The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of knowledge management organizational wisdom with the mediating role of emotional intelligence among Azad university faculty members of Tehran City.The method according to purpose was Practical, The method of data collec More
        The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of knowledge management organizational wisdom with the mediating role of emotional intelligence among Azad university faculty members of Tehran City.The method according to purpose was Practical, The method of data collection was Descriptive correlational, as well as the type of data was quantitative. The population consisted faculty members in Tehran Azad University that were selected 700 member by using Sample size calculation based on structural equation and cluster random sampling method as the sample size. All of them were full-time members. To collect the data, three standard questionnaire were used include knowledge management by Sawlow (2003) organizational wisdom by Brown & Greene (2006), and emotional intelligence by Mayer, et al(1999). After collecting the data, they were described through the mean, standard deviation,.. by SPSS-21 software and data Statistical Inference was carried out through structural equation modeling with the help of LISREL-v8.80 software. Questionnaires technical characteristics were assessed including reliability, validity, convergent and divergent validity. Path coefficient and significant coefficients were used to examine the hypotheses. The results showed that the degree of appropriateness of proposed model was appropriate with regard to components research. Also the results of the study indicated that knowledge management had significant impact on organizational wisdom behavior with the mediating role of emotional intelligence among Azad university faculty members of Tehran City. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        455 - An Investigation on the Conformity Degree of the Second Grade of Elementary School’s Science and Experimental Book with Creativity Components and High Levels of Bloom’s Cognitive Domain
        Mohammad Hassan Amirteimoury Mohammad Zare Rahele Sarikhani Mostafa Salari
          Background: Creativity is an ideal characteristic of humans that school chiefs need to be stricter in its teaching or educating. Teaching creativity or in other words nurturing creative minds is known to be one of the most fundamental goals and an integral elemen More
          Background: Creativity is an ideal characteristic of humans that school chiefs need to be stricter in its teaching or educating. Teaching creativity or in other words nurturing creative minds is known to be one of the most fundamental goals and an integral element of the education system in today’s world. Objective: This research was conducted in order to find out the conformity degree of the second grade of elementary school’s science and experimental book with creativity components based on Guilford and Bicards’ view and also analysis of the contents, activities, and the experiments and high levels of Bloom’s Cognitive domain. Method: This research used " quantitative content analysis". After specifying the desired components,  Bickards and Guilford views were applied as the research framework and William Romey’s technique to analyze the content and the pictures of the book was also employed. Besides the content, activities and experiments of the book were analyzed according to Bloom’s cognitive domain levels. Statistical population of this research includes science and experimental books of elementary course. Findings: The results of the research indicated that 10% of the content, activities and experiments are within the Bloom’s cognitive high levels. Also inclusion coefficient of the content with creativity components was 23% and of the pictures was 31%. Conclusion: This research indicated that the number of activities and experiments of the book were very few within Bloom’s cognitive high levels. Also, the investigated book needs revision and fundamental editions in terms of the creativity components, especially when it comes to the content of units and the pictures.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        456 - Role of Diapirism on Stratigraphy Evolution of Mangrak Salt Dome Basin (South West Firozabad)
        anahita keynezhad Ghis Badkhashan Moomtaz Moslem Ghavam Abadi Zahra Rezaee
        The studied area is located in South West of Firozabad city in Fars province, south west of Iran, and structurally situated in Zagros zone. Tectonically, the area  is active and has numerous salt domes.  Existence of thick layers of salt in Hormuz complex and More
        The studied area is located in South West of Firozabad city in Fars province, south west of Iran, and structurally situated in Zagros zone. Tectonically, the area  is active and has numerous salt domes.  Existence of thick layers of salt in Hormuz complex and consequently appearance of salt domes in this area, effected on the ancient deposition and sedimentary basin. Salt rising on one side and subsidence of sedimentary basin on another side, caused of drastic changes in sedimentary basin near the salt dome. Range of changes is related to the depth of sedimentary basin and tectonic movements, during Permian period to present. During of sea regression and transgression periods in the wide Zagros basin, these changes effected significantly in salt dome rising areas. To achieve this goal, Mangarak salt dome in the southwest of  Firozabad was chosen and researched data. The result of these studies indicate that salt dome has been rising at late Cretaceous - Paleocene and found great changes in thickness of sediments which around it.Absolutely, this salt dome existed before deformation of Zagros basin and probably it has been exposed such as island in late paleogene and Neogene (such as the Persian Gulf Island’s salt domes). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        457 - The Effect of Solution-Based Couple Therapy on Forgiveness, Emotional Self-Regulation and Marital Boredom of Couples Seeking Divorce
        Maryam Shokri Mohammad Al Rahmani Shahnam Abolghasemi
        Purpose: Solution-oriented therapy is one of the types of postmodern treatment approaches in the field of family and marriage, which emphasizes finding solutions by clients in collaboration with the therapist. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of More
        Purpose: Solution-oriented therapy is one of the types of postmodern treatment approaches in the field of family and marriage, which emphasizes finding solutions by clients in collaboration with the therapist. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of solution-oriented couple therapy on forgiveness, emotional self-regulation and marital boredom of couples seeking divorce. Method: The research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples seeking divorce who referred to the Social Emergency Center in Tehran in 1398. By available sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Research tools include demographic information checklist - researcher-made form, marital boredom scale (Pinez, 1996), interpersonal forgiveness scale (Ehteshamzadeh et al., 2010) and cognitive emotion regulation scale (Garnefski et al., 2001) was. The experimental group received 10 sessions of intervention 3 sessions per week for 2 hours but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS / 26. Findings: The results showed that solution-oriented couple therapy was effective in reducing marital boredom in the experimental group in the post-test phase (P <0.05). There was a significant difference between the mean forgiveness score and cognitive emotion regulation of the subjects in the two groups in the post-test stage (P <0.05). Conclusion: Solution-based couple therapy has been able to reduce marital boredom and improve forgiveness skills and regulate couples' emotions. It is suggested that family counselors use this treatment method to help solve marital and family problems. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        458 - The relationship between the Internal Locus of Control and resilience with self-regulation in Domestic Animal Owners
        Mohammad Javad Ezzatinia Sona Esmaeili
        Purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim of the relationship between internal Locus of Control and resiliencewith self-regulation in Domestic Animal Owners in Tehran during 1397. Methodology: The research method was descriptive-correlational according to th More
        Purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim of the relationship between internal Locus of Control and resiliencewith self-regulation in Domestic Animal Owners in Tehran during 1397. Methodology: The research method was descriptive-correlational according to the purpose of the research. The statistical population consisted of all owners of pets holding in Tehran, using 257 sample sampling method as sample size. The data collection method was based on three standard questionnaires of the internal Locus of Control of Noviiki and Strickland (1973), resilienceConner and Davidson (2003) and self-regulation of Miller and Brown (1999). The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method and its value for all three questionnaires was higher than 0.7. Also, content validity was used to test the validity of the questionnaire, which for this purpose, the questionnaires were approved by the relevant experts. Data analysis was carried out through SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test, multiple regression). Findings: The results of this study showed that there is a significant positive correlation between internal Locus of Control with self-regulating in Domestic Animal Owners. Also, there is a meaningful positive correlation between resilience with self-regulated in Domestic Animal Owners. Conclusion: The between internal Locus of Control and resilience is a meaningful self-regulating predictor of Domestic Animal Owners. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        459 - Recognizing the Impact of Fluctuations in Foreign Exchange Rates and Interest Rates on the Index of Economic Freedom in Iran
        marjan meymandi somayeh shokravi Akbar Bagheri
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        460 - Evaluation of the Effect of Financial Development and Human Capital on Gross Domestic Product Growth
        Tayebeh Shahriyari Somayeh Shokravi Ali Asghar Lotfi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        461 - The impact of economic complexity and trade openness on gross domestic product growth in oil-producing countries
        Tayebeh Shahriyar Somaye Shokravi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        462 - Testing the effect of foreign and domestic price shocks on the inflow of capital market to Iran
        Ghazaleh Tajilro Jalal Seifodini Somayeh Shokravi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        463 - Evaluating the performance of Bank Melli in supporting the production of domestic goods by providing banking facilities for the purchase of goods based on the Kaplan and Norton Balanced Scorecards model
        Mohammad Aliyari Akbar Bagheri Ali Asghar Lotfi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        464 - Investigation of Active Geodynamics Caused by Performance of Salt Dome Using Radar Interferometry (Case Study: The Salt Dome of Qeshm Island)
        Leilaa hajiesmaeli kourosh Rashidi
        Qeshm salt dome is a part of Qeshm unique Geopark, the only Geopark in the Middle East. The present study is a descriptive-analytical. Qeshm Salt Dome study area and required information for this research are radar satellite images, optical satellite images as well as r More
        Qeshm salt dome is a part of Qeshm unique Geopark, the only Geopark in the Middle East. The present study is a descriptive-analytical. Qeshm Salt Dome study area and required information for this research are radar satellite images, optical satellite images as well as rock, geological information of the area using radar interferometry and paired radar images taken from the site. The European Space Agency is first developing some ground-level models for the region by doing some processing. After constructing the elevation model, the Envi software performs several measurements on the ASAR satellite Envisat satellite radar data and performs interpolation to calculate the elevation of Qeshm Island and presents the results digitally. An adaptive filter was used to provide better results. Rate of salt dome changes in the period 2003-2005, 0 to 0.16 m, in the period 2005-2008, -0.03 to 0.085 m and in the period 2008 to 2010, -0.007 to 0.082 m was calculated. Rate of changes in Qeshm Island in the period 2005-2003, 0 to 0.23 m, in the period 2008-2005, -0.2 to 0.15 m and in the period 2010-2008, were   -0.03 to 0.23 centimeter Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        465 - A Comparative Study of Belief in Human Freedom in the Thoughts of William Blake and Rumi
        Zahra Iranmanesh
        10.30495/rpcl.2022.697256
         One of the fields of study in comparative literature is the study of subject matter, position, literary expression and the like in the works of poets. The main aspects of comparative study are subject and thought and feeling. The aim of this research is to compare More
         One of the fields of study in comparative literature is the study of subject matter, position, literary expression and the like in the works of poets. The main aspects of comparative study are subject and thought and feeling. The aim of this research is to compare the human belief in freedom in Blake and Rumi's poems with a descriptive-analytical method. To understand the connection between world and Iranian literature and the extent to which different writers are influenced by each other, it is necessary to conduct global comparative studies. In this research, the thought of Rumi and Blake in poetry is important and is examined. In this study, it has been concluded that Blake's calm spirit is not completely compatible with the situation of the society of his time and shows his attitude towards the freedom of these spirits. Kingdom, materialism and scientism, unity of existence and attention to the inner world of man and imagination are among the signs of the Iraqi style that exist in Rumi's poems, and these signs can also be seen in Blake's poems. Rumi's freedom is mystical and individual and is expressed by leaving worldly belongings and spiritual and personal attachments. In contrast, Blake's freedom is social and political. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        466 - Analysis of the speech of male and female characters in the story of the kingdom of Goshtasp based on the speech theory of John Searle
        mah manzar Mollai Kimia Tajnia Nemat Esfahani Omran
         Dialogue is one of the most important tricks in the field of fiction and the author in the present research in a descriptive-analytical and library method, with the aim of explaining the speech of male and female characters in the story of Goshtasp's kingdom in Sh More
         Dialogue is one of the most important tricks in the field of fiction and the author in the present research in a descriptive-analytical and library method, with the aim of explaining the speech of male and female characters in the story of Goshtasp's kingdom in Shahnameh based on the theory of speech action Philosophy of language and mind seeks to clarify the fact that the male and female characters of the story of the kingdom of Goshtasp, when speaking in terms of their position and the audience, what speech action and for what purpose? In John Searle's theory of speech action, speech is divided into five declarative, persuasive, emotional, obligatory and declarative actions, which according to the aspect of the verb used in speech and how to use alternatives, indicators, as well as direct and indirect application of action. The speaker's ability to influence the audience can be measured. According to this theory, news sentences are not only the main and meaningful sentences of the language and the value of truth and falsity of all sentences is not possible; Because Ferdowsi's purpose in expressing action sentences is to describe his action, not to describe a situation. The results of this study indicate that women in the story of Goshtasp, due to lack of power, use more persuasive speech actions and the expressive and emotional actions used are more in line with persuasion of the audience than In this way, they indirectly persuade others (especially men and husbands) to achieve their desires. Also, declarative and commitment actions that require the direct action of the individual are less used. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        467 - A comparative study of the verbal matters in the Divan of Dabal Khuzai and Naser Khosrow
        reza JALILI mahdi nowrooz
          there is a mental affinity between the Arab and Persian poets due to their common religious and cultural roots. in this regard, Dabal Khuzai and Naser Khosrow, as two Shiite poets, have been particularly impressed with mental and moral issues under the influence More
          there is a mental affinity between the Arab and Persian poets due to their common religious and cultural roots. in this regard, Dabal Khuzai and Naser Khosrow, as two Shiite poets, have been particularly impressed with mental and moral issues under the influence of genuine Islamic sources. examining the verdicts of two poets with a comparative approach (American) and a descriptive-analytical method, in two sections of praise and blessing, shows that among the teachings of admonition, such as rationalism and science-learning, "generosity and despair"; "good companion"; "tolerance and patience" it has been prominent. also, the doctrines of the decree in the court of the two poets are "sacredness"; "pride and hypocrisy"; "jealousy"; "vicious promise"; "defamation"; "defamation". the views of Dabal Khuzai and Naser Khorsrow have differences based on the teachings of rationalism and science education and the "worldly" are also close. Nasser emphasized on the social, political and moral functions of science and intellect to the people who were aware of the false prophecies of Abbasid caliph under the influence of the false propaganda of Abbasid caliphate, but Dabal Khuzai referred only to its ethical point of view. also, Dabal's glance at the world and its manifestations is twofold (positive and negative) and Naser Khosrow's approach is one-dimensional (negative). the way in which the terms of a sentence are expressed in Naser Khorshw's court is often explicit in the poems of the Dabal, sometimes direct and sometimes indirect. also, the verbal matters in Naser Khosrow's poems are expressed more coherently. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        468 - Analysis of Cognitive domination of love in the Leily and Majnoon the military insane based on the sociological perspective of Lukach, Bourdieu and Adorno
        Zahra NourmohammadiNajafabadi Shahrzad Niazi Mahboobeh Khorasani
         The premise of lover and lover dominance over each other is the result of a sociological approach of theorists such as George Lukach, Pierre Bourdieu and Theodore Adorno in the category of love. In this paper, through reading the relevant sociological elements wit More
         The premise of lover and lover dominance over each other is the result of a sociological approach of theorists such as George Lukach, Pierre Bourdieu and Theodore Adorno in the category of love. In this paper, through reading the relevant sociological elements with love, we can address the status of domination, its causes and consequences in the love of Leily u Majnun Neziganjoy. The research method is descriptive-analytical, the research revealed that love was carried out by the conflict of dokodak otherness until adolescence and youth, in a geographical way that the objects, minds, habits and social base dominated the behavioral hierarchy of lovers, not their will. Unity of pluralism and domination has permeated the thinking of lovers and social solidarity with Leily and Majnun has not been able to cope with the system of tarigi. The sociology of their behavior showed that the male dominance, as an addition and variable, has occasionally dominated Leily, but the force of mistress has often disturbed the balance of domination in Lily's favor, and ultimately the objects and minds of society have entered another active and class variable, ibn Salam, into the story so that failed love, which is desired by the minds of the Stonak society and more influential in the space of the story. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        469 - A Study of Sanai's Poems Based on Peter Blaw's Theory of Exchange
        esmat Ahmadi roknabadi Dr. Azizollah Tavakoli Kafi Abad Dr.mahmoud sadeghzadeh
        According to Peter Blaw's theory of exchange, each member of society, during his or her social exchanges and connections with knowledge, falls into groups that receive rewards, and through these rewards, their social bond with knowledge and wisdom is strengthened; But i More
        According to Peter Blaw's theory of exchange, each member of society, during his or her social exchanges and connections with knowledge, falls into groups that receive rewards, and through these rewards, their social bond with knowledge and wisdom is strengthened; But if these people, as members of society, do not receive any reward for their actions in the process of these exchange transactions, their connection with science and learning will be weakened and, as a result, they will remain in the same ignorance. In this research, using descriptive-analytical method and referring to the theoretical sources of the research, an attempt has been made to explore the sociological axes of Peter Bellaw's theory in Sanai's poems, so that the reaction of the people depicted in his poems against the action Analyze the environment. The results of the study indicate that when the human intellect is closed, in contrast to the entry of any new information, it is not able to examine them rationally, and Sanai in his poems, put the concepts of ignorance and rationality together in its confrontational effects. In this way, it has awakened the audience to educational issues. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        470 - Identification of the dominant species of Agrotis in Naghadeh sugar beet fields and determination of the number of its generations in the field
        Samira Khodayari Fatemeh Haghi Esmaeil Alizadeh
        Cutworms (Agrotis spp.), are insects from order Lepidoptera and family Noctuidae which damage crops by feeding or cutting the stems of seedlings at or below the growing point. In this study, the Agrotis species in sugar beet fields were identified in Naghadeh city of We More
        Cutworms (Agrotis spp.), are insects from order Lepidoptera and family Noctuidae which damage crops by feeding or cutting the stems of seedlings at or below the growing point. In this study, the Agrotis species in sugar beet fields were identified in Naghadeh city of West Azerbaijan province during 2020 using pheromone and light traps. Then the number of its generations in the field was determined. Three fields with 2 hectar space for each were selected in Southeastern and Northwestern of Naghadeh. Samples were collected weekly from pheromone and light traps and sent to the Research Center of Plant Protection of Iran for identification. Five Agrotis species were identified totally. Agrotis segetum, A. ipsilon (Hufnagel), A. spinifera Hubner., A. exclamationis L. and A. sp. near herzogi Rebel. A. segetum was the dominant species in all of the studied fields. Data showed that this pest had 3 generations during one crop season in the studied area. The first generation was showed up from the end of April and reached its peak in the second half of May. The next two generations of this pest were completed in late June and late July, respectively. The mean density of pest were as 16.8 eggs, 14.7 larvae and 11 pupae on 10 infected plants showed the highest peak during the second generation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        471 - Etiology of leaf spot and blistering disease of cucumber and Melon in Mazandaran province
        Minochehr Arsalani Abul Qasem Ghasemi Mojdeh Maleki
        Cucumber is one of the most important crops cultivated in greenhouses and field in Iran. Melon is one of members of Cucurbitaceae family and it has a large sweet fruit. Pseudomonas syringae is a bacterial plant pathogen that causes necrosis in aerial parts of the plants More
        Cucumber is one of the most important crops cultivated in greenhouses and field in Iran. Melon is one of members of Cucurbitaceae family and it has a large sweet fruit. Pseudomonas syringae is a bacterial plant pathogen that causes necrosis in aerial parts of the plants. As isolated P. syringae pv. lachrymans and P. viridiflava have been isolated from cucurbits in Iran and other bacteria not reported as pathogenic bacteria. Whereas agent of blister spot and leaf necrosis of cucumber andnot detected from Iran specially in Mazandaran. In this study, the cause of blisters and necrotic leaf spots cucumbers and melons after isolation from infected plants was identified by using morphological and molecular methods in Mazandaran. Based on the results of molecular tests and sequencing of the rpoB gene sequence, our bacterial agent was similar to about P. straminea, with 99 percent similarity. The results of this study showed the studied bacterium belongs to P. Straminea, and based on rpoB gene sequence closest species to it, was P. mendocina. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        472 - Population fluctuation of egg parasitoids of sunn pest and determining of dominant species in Varamin and vicinity
        Hasan Ghahari
        Population fluctuation of sunn pests’ parasitoids (Scelionidae and Encyrtidae) was studied in 5 different localities of Varamin including, Javad-Abad, Dehmacin, Gharchak, Asgar-Abad and Pishva. Seven parasitoid species including, Telenomuschloropus, Trissolcusbasa More
        Population fluctuation of sunn pests’ parasitoids (Scelionidae and Encyrtidae) was studied in 5 different localities of Varamin including, Javad-Abad, Dehmacin, Gharchak, Asgar-Abad and Pishva. Seven parasitoid species including, Telenomuschloropus, Trissolcusbasalis, Tr. grandis, Tr. rufiventris, Tr. semistriatus, Tr. vassilievi and Ooencyrtustelenomicida were collected from the mentioned regions. Upon the samplings in Gharchak, 4 species, T. semistriatus, T. grandis, T. Vassilievi and T. Rufiventris, were collected which of these T. semistriatus and T. grandis were determined as dominant species. Mean percent parasitism of T. semistriatus was higher than the other species and the highest parasitism (44.63%) was obtained in 22 May 2014. In Pishva, 5 parasitoids, T. grandis, T. vassilievi, T. semistriatus, T. chloropus and T. Basalis, were collected, which T. grandisand T. vassilievi were the dominant. The parasitism of these two parasitoids were started in 10 April 2014 and the maximum parasitism of T. grandis(27.89%) in 22 May 2014 and for T. vassilievi (22.39%) in 29 May 2014. Parasitoids of sunn pest in Javad-Abad were identified as T. rufiventris, T. grandis and Telenomus chloropus which of these, T. rufiventris was determined as the dominant species. The beginning of its parasitism activity was observed in 17 April 2014 and its maximum (26.44%) in 7 May 2014. The collected species in Dehmacin were included T. semistriatus, T. vassilievi, T. grandis and O. telenomicida which 2 species T. semistriatus and O. telenomicida were the dominant. The maximum percent parasitism was obtained in 22 May 2014 for T. semistriatus and 29 May 2014 for O. telenomicida. Six parasitoid species including, O. telenomicida, T. rufiventris, T. vassilievi, T. grandis, T. semistriatus and T. simony were collected from Asgar-Abad, which of these 3 first species were the dominant species. The highest percent parasitism for T. vassilievi(16.68%) and T. rufiventris (13.21%) was obtained in 22 May, 2014, and for T. grandis(23.72%)in 5 June 2014. Regarding to sex ratio of parasitoids, mean percent of emerged females was more than the male production in all sampled regions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        473 - Study of phytophthora species causing damping-off on cucumber in Tehran province greenhouses and evaluation of the efficacy of some fungicides on control of the disease
        Amir Mohaghegh Roudsari Dariush Shahriari Mojdeh Maleki
        Damping-off Cucumber disease due to Phytophthora species is one of the most important diseases of horticultural crops. Pathogen attacks the roots and crown during entire growth stages, causing wilting or death of the plants. In this study, sampling from cucumber and tom More
        Damping-off Cucumber disease due to Phytophthora species is one of the most important diseases of horticultural crops. Pathogen attacks the roots and crown during entire growth stages, causing wilting or death of the plants. In this study, sampling from cucumber and tomato plants with symptoms of damping-off, root and crown rot was done from greenhouses located in Varamin and Pakdasht in 1394 and 1395 and after washing up and surface disinfection were cultivated on semi-selective medium of Phytophthora (CMA + PARPH). 16 isolates of the genera of Phytophthora drechsleri and P. nicotianae were isolated from crown, root and stem tissues of cucumber and tomato and pathogenicity confirmed on the host plants. In the second stage of the experiments, the efficacy of fungicide of Downy-G (Ridomil + Mancozeb WP 72%) in comparison with reference fungicides including Rosalaxil (Ridomil-Mancozeb WP 72%) and Previcur-Energy (Propamocarb Hydrochloride + Fosetyl Aluminium SL 840) in controlling cucumber damping-off based on a series of tests was investigated under greenhouse conditions (with two application method including soil incorporation system and soil drench system) and in the field conditions as soil drench system . Greenhouse trials with 6 treatments and 4 replications and field trials with 4 treatments and 4 replications were implemented at 2 locations in micro plots in Complete Randomized Design Block. The treatment evaluation carried out with determination of the percentage of infected plants in the period from emergence to 4-leaves stage. Greenhouse experiment results showed that Downy-G and Rosalaxil at 200 g/m3 of soil rates by 76.07% and 71.61% of decreasing disease in Soil Incorporation  application method, respectively, compared to infected control had the same effects in cucumber Damping-off disease control. In Soil Drench System application method, Previcur-Energy at 0.3% rates decreased disease by 99.64% compared to infected control and had the highest effects in disease control. In this application method, Downy-G and Rosalaxil at 0.2% rate decreased disease by 91.37% and 81.66% compared to infected control, respectively. The field trials results showed that Downy-G at 0.2% , Previcur-Energy at 0.3% and Rosalaxil at 0.2% rates decreased disease by 86.23% , 81.88% and 78.26%, respectively compared to infected control. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        474 - A Novel Automated Random Based Test Case Generation Approach
        Arash Sabbaghi
        Testing activities takes 50% of overall cost of software development process. In order to perform software testing, a set of test cases should be generated. Generating this set is so time consuming and have a direct impact on the cost of software testing. Without automa More
        Testing activities takes 50% of overall cost of software development process. In order to perform software testing, a set of test cases should be generated. Generating this set is so time consuming and have a direct impact on the cost of software testing. Without automation, this process is slow, expensive and error prone. In this paper, a new approach in order to generate test cases based on random testing by combining static and dynamic information is proposed. The proposed approach generates test cases by utilizing the simple nature of random testing and also using the information which can be gained by the source code that leads to improve in the performance of random testing. The experimental results indicate an increase in the test case generation speed and also quality of test suite. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        475 - A 21-Degree of Freedom Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of an Iranian Railway Coach
        Hamid Tavakoli Javad Alizade Kakalor
        This paper presents modeling and dynamic analysis of a high-speed railway coach with the aim of calculating the critical hunting speed. A heuristic nonlinear creep model was used to derive the nonlinear coupled differential equations of motion for a high-speed railway c More
        This paper presents modeling and dynamic analysis of a high-speed railway coach with the aim of calculating the critical hunting speed. A heuristic nonlinear creep model was used to derive the nonlinear coupled differential equations of motion for a high-speed railway coach. The degree of freedom considered for the vehicle was 21 (21-DOF). The derived equations were solved using MATLAB software. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        476 - Free transversal vibration analysis of cable using Adomian decomposition method
        Reza Ahrari Mohamad Shadkami Mohamad Hossein Abolbashari
        The Adomian decomposition method is employed in this paper to investigate the free vibration of cable consisting of two uniform sections. Each section is considered a substructure which can be modeled using ADM. applying boundary and continuity conditions, the dimension More
        The Adomian decomposition method is employed in this paper to investigate the free vibration of cable consisting of two uniform sections. Each section is considered a substructure which can be modeled using ADM. applying boundary and continuity conditions, the dimensionless natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes can be easily obtained simultaneously. The computed results for different boundary conditions are presented. The computed results agree well with those analytical and numerical results given in the literature. These results indicate that the present analysis is accurate and provides an efficient, reliable and systematic procedure which is simple and more straightforward than the other modal analysis. Also the effect of amount of mass and spring stiffness at the boundary on variation of natural frequencies is obtained and an effective procedure is suggested for encountering these kinds of problems. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        477 - Fatigue Prediction on Wheel’s Hub Under Random Vibration Based on Road Roughness
        Kazem Reza kashi Zadeh Mohamad Jafar Ostad Ahmad Ghorabi Alireza Arghavan
        This paper presents the fatigue life behavior of hub using random vibration based on road roughness. The main objectives of this study are to predict the fatigue life and to identify the critical location for evaluating fatigue damage. Asphalt road surface profiles obta More
        This paper presents the fatigue life behavior of hub using random vibration based on road roughness. The main objectives of this study are to predict the fatigue life and to identify the critical location for evaluating fatigue damage. Asphalt road surface profiles obtained in favorable circumstances by topography cameras and in according road classification ISO 2631-1estimate road roughness such as power spectral density in a constant vehicle velocity or PSD Function by simulating motion model of a quarter cars in Matlab Software. The fatigue life is predicted, utilizing the finite element based on fatigue analysis code. The structural model of the hub was utilizing the cation by using CMM scanner. The finite element model and random vibration analysis were performed utilizing the finite element analysis code , and the critical stress with Von Misses criterion is estimated about 237MPa at the end of the wheel hub. In addition, the fatigue life was predicted using different types of approaches such as Dirlik, Maro and …… subjected to variable amplitude loading. Finally, this research described that fatigue life of component based on certain loading and conditions is estimated about 116000Km of travel length of the vehicle. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        478 - Identifying the effective factors on the strategic plan of internal product sales of knowledge-based companies (case study: medical leech breeding)
        مینا سرشار مجید فتاحی نیلوفر ایمان خان
        AbstractConsidering the current economic conditions of the country and the need to implement a resistance economy to get out of recession and economic crisis, relying on power and domestic production has become more important than in the past. Therefore, you should try More
        AbstractConsidering the current economic conditions of the country and the need to implement a resistance economy to get out of recession and economic crisis, relying on power and domestic production has become more important than in the past. Therefore, you should try to strengthen and expand knowledge-based companies that are the main arm of domestic production. In knowledge-based companies, economic growth and job creation are realized in proportion to innovation capacity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the strategic plan of domestic product sales of knowledge-based medical leech breeding companies. This research is based on the Delphi technique and interviews with experts in the company knowledge-based research has been done. The information was collected using the snowball sampling method with 15 experts, including university professors, experts and experts, and managers of knowledge-based companies in the field of medical leech production. The model of the strategic plan for the sale of internal knowledge-based products has 7 dimensions, which are: knowledge-based products, market communications, customer support, management factors, human resources, innovation and financial resources, and 23 indicators. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        479 - The Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training on Readiness for Boredom, Belief in a Just world and Brain-Behavioral Systems in Adolescents with a Tendency towards Risky Behaviors
        فاطمه رحیمی محمدکاظم فخری
        10.30495/sbq.2023.705374
        AbstractThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on readiness for boredom, belief in a just world, and brain-behavioral systems in adolescents with a tendency towards risky behaviors. The current research More
        AbstractThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on readiness for boredom, belief in a just world, and brain-behavioral systems in adolescents with a tendency towards risky behaviors. The current research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population of the research was all male adolescents living in the Sari Correctional Center in 2022, of which 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group underwent 8 training sessions on emotion regulation skills, and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. The research tools were the questionnaires of tendency towards risky behaviors by Zadeh Mohammadi et al. (2011), preparedness for boredom by Fallman et al. (2013), belief in a just world by Sutton and Douglas (2005) and brain-behavior systems by Carver and White (1994). Research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and using SPSS software version 24. The results showed that emotion regulation skill training has an effect on readiness for boredom, belief in a just world, and brain-behavior systems in adolescents with a tendency towards risky behaviors (P<0.05). The results of the research indicated that the skill of emotion regulation through the techniques of changing cognitive evaluations, teaching the expression and discharge of emotions and re-evaluation leads to a decrease in boredom, an increase in the belief in a just world and behavioral inhibition systems in adolescents with a tendency towards risky behaviors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        480 - Modeling the Structural Equations of Emotional Divorce based on Early Maladaptive Schemas, Marital Boredom mediated by Emotion Regulation in Married Women
        Mousgan Jalalvand Hamidreza Rezazadeh Bahadoran, Shokouh Navabinejad Ali akbar khosravi Babadi
        AbstractThe aim of this study was to model the structural equations of emotional divorce based on early maladaptive schemas, marital boredom mediated by emotion regulation in married women in Tehran. The present study was descriptive, correlational and structural equati More
        AbstractThe aim of this study was to model the structural equations of emotional divorce based on early maladaptive schemas, marital boredom mediated by emotion regulation in married women in Tehran. The present study was descriptive, correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research was all married women in Tehran. From among the statistical population a total of 200 married women living in Tehran were selected by available sampling method from the counseling centers of friends and counselors of the Association for the Protection of Children's Rights online (due to the presence of the Corona virus).There search instruments were emotional divorce questionnaire(EDQ), maladaptive schemas questionnaire(YSQ-SF2), marital boredom scale (CBM) and emotion regulation scale (ERS). All analyses were performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 softwares. Bootstrap method in MACRO program was used to analyze the intermediary relationships. The results of direct relationships between research variables showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between cut and rejection, excessive listening and inhibition, and marital boredom with emotional divorce. Also, maladaptive schemas and marital boredom, in addition to a direct effect through emotion regulation, have a positive and significant indirect effect on emotional divorce. A conclusion can be drawn based on the findings of the research that emotion regulation as a mediating variable could explain the relationship between maladaptive schemas and marital boredom.Keywords: Emotional Divorce, Early maladaptive Schemas, Marital Boredom, Emotion Regulation1. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        481 - A Study of the Characters of J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter Based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of Positive Freedom and Love
        فائزه هرمز نژاد ایوب دبیری
        10.30495/sbq.2023.705378
        AbstractThis research studied J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of positive freedom or acceptance of freedom. Based on Fromm&rsq More
        AbstractThis research studied J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of positive freedom or acceptance of freedom. Based on Fromm’s ideas in Escape from Freedom, Harry and his friends are spontaneous and free individuals who move to positive freedom stage. In his Art of loving Fromm explores the ways which lead to this stage. He believed that love and productive work are the ways leading to self-independence and integration. On the other hand, self-destruction is the negative freedom which destroys self-integration. Love according to Fromm is giving, not receiving and the mature love is the one which is accompanied with care, responsibility, respect and knowledge and ultimately leads to integration. This research studied Harry Potter novels which are about a boy who didn’t misuse others and friends while he was undoubtedly popular in magical world and he not only protected them but also scarified his own life when he understood the truth that the defeat of Voldemort was dependent on his own death. He chose love and sacrifice in contrast to Tom Riddle who had changed his identity to Voldemort because he hated common things and names. He did not have any real friends, posed power in the worst destructive ways, tortured others and murdered them because he considered them as threats to his own goal of reaching immortality. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        482 - Logical Analysis of Iran's Historical Buildings in order to Read the Effective Components in the Architecture of Collective-Ritual Spaces based on the Wisdom of Art and Architecture
        Rezvaneh Mansouri Farah Habib Azadeh Shahcheraghi
        10.30495/jaa.2023.698806
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        483 - Biofilm Formation and Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates
        Maasuomeh Mahdavi Ourtakand Sahar Honarmand Jahromi Zahra Resalati
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens in hospitals. One of the therapeutic problems of this bacterium is antibiotic resistance to common antibiotic treatments associated with biofilm production. This study was conducted to find out the relationsh More
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens in hospitals. One of the therapeutic problems of this bacterium is antibiotic resistance to common antibiotic treatments associated with biofilm production. This study was conducted to find out the relationship between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation on P. aeruginosa isolated from 50 clinical specimens of patients referring to Milad Hospital in Tehran. Biochemical and differential tests were carried out to identify and isolate P. aeruginosa. The resistance of the strains was determined by antibiogram test and the ability of biofilm strain formation was investigated by microtiterplate method. The results showed that the highest resistance to antibiotics was ticarcillin (48%) and imipenem (36%) and 17 strains (34%) had multiple drug resistance. Also, the ability to form biofilms of strains showed that 52% of them had strong biofilms and among 17 strains of P. aeruginosa with multiple drug resistance, 12 strains had the ability to form a strong biofilm. According to the results, a significant percentage of MDR strains have the ability to produce strong biofilms. Regarding the role of biofilms in reducing the penetration of the drug into cell, biofilm-producing bacteria have a high drug resistance, which is a warning to the medical community. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        484 - Evaluation of the effect of gold nanostructure on the production of bio surfactants from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
        Yaser Ahsani Arani Zahra Noormohammadi behnam rasekh fatemeh Yazdian Hojjat kazemi
           Raminolipids belong to the group of glycolipid bio surfactants and were first isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rhamnolipids are a good alternative to synthetic surfactants due to their low toxicity, biodegradability and selective performance. In this s More
           Raminolipids belong to the group of glycolipid bio surfactants and were first isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rhamnolipids are a good alternative to synthetic surfactants due to their low toxicity, biodegradability and selective performance. In this study, the effect of gold (Au) nanoparticles on the growth and production of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PBCC5 bio surfactant was evaluated. Different concentrations of 1, 500 and 1000 mg / l nanoparticles were used. In this study, bio surfactant surface tension and emulsification indices (24E) were measured. The presence of nanoparticles on the bacterial surface was investigated by TEM and the morphology of nanoparticles was investigated by SEM. Binding of nanoparticles to bio surfactants was confirmed by TEM. The results showed that gold nanoparticles were not bactericidal and also increased bacterial growth and bio surfactant production. The surface tension of all samples was reduced from 72 mN / m distilled water to 35-32 mN / m. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        485 - Optimizing maximum rate of normalized power of terahertz switch constant state based on photonic crystals
        hosnieh mohammadpour samiyeh matloub
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        486 - Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units to Maintain CompleteObservability Considering Maximum Reliability by Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II)
        bahman taheri Farzad Ghasemzade Payam Farhadi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        487 - Landslide susceptibility modelling using integrated application of computational intelligence in Ahar County, Iran
        Solmaz Abdollahizad Mohammad Ali Balafar Bakhtiar Feizizadeh Amin Babazadeh Sangar Karim Samadzamini
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        488 - Digital Watermarking Technology in Different Domains
        Maryam Hamrahi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        489 - Flexibility in Architecture: An Innovative Design for Covering of a Transformable Dome Using Kinetic Elements
        Maziar Asefi Soheila Aram
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        490 - The Role of Physical-Behavioral Patterns Based on Conventional Wisdom in the Identity of Residential Complexes (Case Study: Urmia Elahieh Complex)
        Samira Nabavi Ali Javan Forouzande Ghasem Motalebi Masoome Yaghoobi
        10.22094/soij.2023.1991816.1559
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        491 - Successful intelligence, wisdom, and creativity in gifted and normal student's achievement
        مهدی عربزاده زهره یارمحمدی پروین کدیور
        Abstract: Successful intelligence, wisdom, and creativity in gifted and normal student's achievement The main purpose of this study was to predict students' achievement, based on Successful intelligence, wisdom and creativity. The research method was descriptive and co More
        Abstract: Successful intelligence, wisdom, and creativity in gifted and normal student's achievement The main purpose of this study was to predict students' achievement, based on Successful intelligence, wisdom and creativity. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all female high school students. Among those, a sample of 260 subjects were randomly selected. Successful intelligence (Sternberg), wisdom (Ardelt), and creativity questionnaire (Abedi), were administered. Data were analyzed by, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Findings indicated that there is significant correlation between Successful intelligence and wisdom with students' achievement. Multiple regression analysis revealed that wisdom and creativity variables could explain 17% of the variance of normal student's achievement. Successful intelligence variable could explain 10% of the gifted student's achievement . In conclusion, finding of this study indicated the role of successful intelligence, wisdom and creativity in academic achievement. Keywords: Successful intelligence, wisdom, creativity, achievement Keywords: Successful intelligence, wisdom, creativity, achievement Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        492 - The prediction domestic violence against women based on self-differentiation and family performance with Alexithymia mediation
        toktam jafarzadeh Ali akbar soliemanian mohammad mohammadipou
        Introduction: Domestic violence is the cause of most physical and psychological damages in women.The purpose of this study is to predict domestic violence against women based on self-differentiation and family performance with Alexithymia mediationin women visiting to c More
        Introduction: Domestic violence is the cause of most physical and psychological damages in women.The purpose of this study is to predict domestic violence against women based on self-differentiation and family performance with Alexithymia mediationin women visiting to comprehensive urban health services centers in Bojnourd.MethodThis study is a correlational with structural equation modeling method and the statistical،population of all women referring to Bojnourd Comprehensive Health Services Centers in July to November 2019 is 1335.The sample size was estimated to be 250 by Cochran formula. The sampling method is available. In order to measure the research variables, domestic violence, Alexithymia, family performance, and family data were analyzed using Amos software, Self-assessment mediation test method, structural equation method, path analysis.Findings: The results showed that the coefficient of influence of self-differentiation level on mediation variable (Alexithymia) was -0.32 and the coefficient of influence of family function variable on mediation variable (Alexithymia) was 0.41 indirect effect of self-differentiation level and Family performance on violence against women is -0.16 and 0.21.Conclusion: Since the significance level of indirect effect is less than 0.01, it can be concluded that Alexithymia have a mediating role between family function and the level of self-differentiation with domestic violence against women. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        493 - 2500-year-old kingdom celebration with emphasis on cultural-social review the regim in Iran.
        loghman dehghan houra shojaei
        2500-year-old kingdom celebration which after years of providing propaganda and studying were held in the fall of 1350 in persepolis with a unque glory , was on of the most expensire celebration which cost over 300 million dollars.By holding such a celebration ,shah was More
        2500-year-old kingdom celebration which after years of providing propaganda and studying were held in the fall of 1350 in persepolis with a unque glory , was on of the most expensire celebration which cost over 300 million dollars.By holding such a celebration ,shah was seeking a way to continue his government and dominance over the pepole of Iran ,so he began to recover Aryan's valuas and arouse animosity towards Islam and develop friendly relation with foreign countries ,hence he began a series of controversial and , in some cases ,useful measures :naming himself "shah", ordering the collection and compiliation if some books about Iran's  pre-Islamic culture and civilization ,founding Shahanshahi foundation of Iran Acadmy ,establish-ment of Iran's National Deed Registery ,holding various celebrations during the celebration decade (1345-1355),promoting people to choose their children the original Iranian names ,sending some educational groups callend "Sepahyane Danesh" (knowledge corps)to villages for the aim of making pepole eager to ancient and kigdom culture and informing them of the magnitude of the 2500-year-old kingdom celebrations ,building several schools and many buildings of public interest after the name of cirus the Great,changing the calender from solar to kingdome the cost of these celebrtions was so high and anti-Islamic measurs  of regime were so extensive that finally raised the protest of the majority of the pepole of Iran and even foreign press and figures,and Shah and regime were condemned.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        494 - The role of successful intelligence, wisdom, and creativity in gifted and normal student's academic achievement
        zohreh yarmohamadi mehdi arabzaeh parvin kadivar
        The main purpose of this research was the forecast of the impact of successful intelligence agents, wisdom and creativity in the normal and clever student's achievement. The method of this research was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population was consiste More
        The main purpose of this research was the forecast of the impact of successful intelligence agents, wisdom and creativity in the normal and clever student's achievement. The method of this research was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population was consisted all female students of high school in Karaj which among those a sample was randomly selected volume of 260 people (180 normal and 80 clever) with cluster sampling method. The data were gathered through successful intelligence questionnaire of Stenberg, wisdom three- dimensional scale of Ardelt and creativity of Abedi then these data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, significance test of coefficients and step-by-step regression. The findings of this study indicated the positive and significant correlation between the successful intelligence, wisdom and academic achievement. The results of step-by-step regression analysis indicate 17% of variance of academic achievement of normal students was explained by wisdom and creativity variables, and also 10% of the variance of academic achievement of clever students was explained by successful intelligence. Overall, the findings of this research emphasis the importance of wisdom, creativity and successful intelligence in forecast of academic achievement of normal and clever students.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        495 - An Analysis of Islamiyah, Experience of Resistance Economics in Iran during the Qajar Period (1278-1289
        مریم حایک
        Resistance economy as the main strategy was to withdraw from economic pressures. One of the aspects of production and consumption of goods is internal resistance economy. This Mqalh‌ to answer the question of what factors in our historical experience in the Qajar period More
        Resistance economy as the main strategy was to withdraw from economic pressures. One of the aspects of production and consumption of goods is internal resistance economy. This Mqalh‌ to answer the question of what factors in our historical experience in the Qajar period to culminate in "domestic production and consumption of goods" was effective? To answer this question important factors in strengthening the national production at the company's activity Islamiyah, based on "qualitative content analysis" is checked. According to local patterns of successful role in promoting social issues, the result of unity and cooperation of various factors affecting the company's success Islamiyah including merchant capital, the spiritual and intellectual pen, noting that in the current situation, creating a strong economy and based on be local, not out of reach. The results indicated the necessity of enjoying the backing of nationalist sentiment and religious beliefs to realize the current situation is the strength of the economy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        496 - emam mohhmad bagher
        mohammad dareni masomeh sadatnazm hasan shojabahar
        The subject of research ; " paraphrase according to the view point of Qurans " ; state that shite thinkerُs view about paraphrase is beyond of the super ficialُs one which is based on outward meaning of Quranic words and tradition (hadith ) . This writing is an attempt More
        The subject of research ; " paraphrase according to the view point of Qurans " ; state that shite thinkerُs view about paraphrase is beyond of the super ficialُs one which is based on outward meaning of Quranic words and tradition (hadith ) . This writing is an attempt to express how the principles of paraphrase and wisdom can reach to the layers of Quranic knowledge and to explain shite religious beliefs and defend them against the opponentُs doubts and difficulties . This confirmed method was usefull in satisfying the questionerُs mind who sought science . Therefore, in eloquence disussion field, shite commentators with considering household of the holy prophet’s valuable statements (peace be upon them) and recognition of devine knowledge and use of rational approach; are free from any foul and diversion including considering God as a physical and likening object. key words : paraphrase ; superficial ; inward ; wisdom ; tradition Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        497 - Investigating the Impact of the Liberal Thought on the Constitutional Revolution
        mohammad mehdi roshanfekr reza moeini roudbali
        In a situation where the weaknesses of the Qajar dynasty were more indicative of a theoretical vacuum in the political sphere, the introduction of technology and technical products of the western civilization into Iran, without the entry of intellectual spheres and cult More
        In a situation where the weaknesses of the Qajar dynasty were more indicative of a theoretical vacuum in the political sphere, the introduction of technology and technical products of the western civilization into Iran, without the entry of intellectual spheres and cultural products, seemed impossible. For this reason, new ideas came to Iran. Concepts such as law, liberty, parliament, and at the top of all liberalism entered into Iranian political literature in such a context. In dealing with Western civilization and seeing the remarkable differences of this alien creature, Iranians came to a different understanding of themselves and their society that was very different from the past. This distinction and a change in attitudes towards culture, politics and society are well seen in travelers' travels, travels and travels themselves. The point to be considered in these writings is their position on their culture and Western civilization. The result of the first acquaintances are the prescriptions they are giving to the treatment of their own pain, one of the most important of which was the transfer and promotion of liberalism and the attempt to rule it in Iran. This research is grateful for answering this question. How much was the liberal thought as one of the most important thoughts in Iran in the Qajar era and how did it affect the formation of the constitutional revolution? Google Translate for Business:Translator ToolkitWebsite Translator Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        498 - New research on social security of the Reza Shah era (with emphasis on socio-political liberties)
        siavash shahrivar soheyla torabi farsani Ali Reza Abtahi Syavash Shahrivar
        In this research, the explanation and analysis of the status of social security of the first Pahlavi era has been studied. The reign of Reza Shah, due to the government's attempt to establish a modern state and the expansion of Westernism, and the efforts of Reza Shah a More
        In this research, the explanation and analysis of the status of social security of the first Pahlavi era has been studied. The reign of Reza Shah, due to the government's attempt to establish a modern state and the expansion of Westernism, and the efforts of Reza Shah and his intellectuals along with him to gain political legitimacy by linking the Pahlavi monarchy to the ancient kingdoms of Iran, is an era of effective and timely formation of intellectual foundations Iran is new. Meanwhile, nationalism, which was consolidated as one of the main ideologies of the modernization process, was conquered by the victory of the Constitutional Revolution in the political and cultural contexts of Iran, played a central role in the intellectual changes of the first Pahlavi era. The first Pahlavi government made changes In various areas of Iran's social life, among these changes, were the changes that took place in the field of social security and subsequent social insecurity. In Iran, despite efforts made in the era of Reza Shah, modernization did not lead to the creation of a modern and developed society. This article seeks to understand the causes of social insecurity, which was created in the first Pahlavi rehabilitation programs, and to answer the question of what constitutes the consequences of the Pahlavi era policies for social security and the solutions to social security in the first Pahlavi era. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method to better analyze the historical information obtained. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        499 - A new look at providing social security during the Reza Shah era (with emphasis on socio-political freedoms)
        siavash shahrivar soheyla torabi alireza abtahi
        In this study, social insecurity in the politics and practice of the first Pahlavi is briefly discussed. Reza Shah's efforts and policies to establish a modern government and the expansion of comprehensive modernization (economic, social, political, etc.) at a basic and More
        In this study, social insecurity in the politics and practice of the first Pahlavi is briefly discussed. Reza Shah's efforts and policies to establish a modern government and the expansion of comprehensive modernization (economic, social, political, etc.) at a basic and clear stage It is the history of Iran that, by linking the first Pahlavi government with modern ideologies (nationalism) and historical backgrounds (archeology), was able to create important actions and policies in that time frame. Although this modernization and populism could have positive functions in the field of security and its components in the political and social sector, but it also paved the way for fundamental and dangerous social insecurities, which we seek to explain and analyze in this article. This article seeks to identify the causes of social insecurity created in the first Pahlavi modernization programs and to answer the question of what consequences the policies of the first Pahlavi era had for social security and what were the social security strategies in the first Pahlavi era. The research method used in this research is a descriptive method through which the obtained historical information can be better analyzed Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        500 - A comparative study of social justice and freedom from the point of view of Rashid Reza and Seyyed Qutb
        shahla darabpour Reza Shaabani Samgh Abadi Javad HERAVI
        Social justice has been one of the prominent concepts among Muslim thinkers in the 20th century. Simultaneously with the growth and expansion of socialist ideas and the prevailing discourse of social justice, Muslim thinkers also theorized about social justice. Seyyed More
        Social justice has been one of the prominent concepts among Muslim thinkers in the 20th century. Simultaneously with the growth and expansion of socialist ideas and the prevailing discourse of social justice, Muslim thinkers also theorized about social justice. Seyyed Qutb and Rashid Reza were two Muslim thinkers who theorized about social issues and their adaptation to Islam. This research was conducted with the aim of comparative analysis of social justice and freedom from the point of view of these two thinkers. According to the findings of the research, some political concepts are linked with the concept of social justice in Seyyed Qutb's thought, the most prominent of which are freedom, equality and human rights. According to Seyyid Qutb, the rules of social justice, freedom and equality are important issues that Islam has established and obliged people to follow. Seyyed Qutb based his reform vision for the society on the basis of the realization of social justice and his main goal was that achieving the foundations of Islam, applying its legitimacy and implementing the foundations of Islam will lead to the realization of social justice. Mohammad Rashid Reza also deals with social justice in most of his thoughts about governance. Therefore, in the sense that both consider the implementation of justice in society to be due to the Islamic political system, there is affinity between them, but it should be noted that Seyyed Qutb spoke more clearly about freedom and social justice. Keywords: Seyed Qutb, Mohammad Rashidreza, social justice, freedom. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        501 - The role of Tehran newspapers since 1299 coup in Reza Shah's rise to power
        Mohammadreza Asadpoor Saadatloo ali biqdeli Seyyed Mohammad Saghafinejad
        10.30495/hstr.2023.1991450.1865
        AbstractDue to the fact that news papers have the feature of informingthey are of interest.Newspapers are the heart beat of public opinion. The importance of newspapers is such that pillar called it the Force democracy. The role of newspapers in increasing the level of More
        AbstractDue to the fact that news papers have the feature of informingthey are of interest.Newspapers are the heart beat of public opinion. The importance of newspapers is such that pillar called it the Force democracy. The role of newspapers in increasing the level of political awareness of the Qajar period, especially regarding the constitution, is of particular importance. Due to the fact that Tehran's numerous newspapers were more influential due to the political centrality of this city, its importance is increased. The role of newspapers can be seen in all the events that happened until the coup 1299 and after that. A role that, although mentioned in historical sources, should be independently investigated. In this article, the role of pro- and anti- newspapers and clasic left will be mentioned.Between 1299 and 1304, the pro-Reza Shah press promoted her actions and expressed Ahmad Shah's weaknesses, finally these events led to the change of the monarchy from Qajar to Pahlavi.What has been the role of Tehran news papers since the1299coup in reza shahs rise to power? Keywords: Qajar, newspapers of Tehran, 1299 coup, change of kingdom, Rezashah. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        502 - Ferdowsi's Shāh-nāmeh as a reflection of the Sāmānids dynasty
        javad harve
        Associate professor, Islamic Azad University Talking about Shāh-nāmeh and its creator puts one to the peak of Iranian culture and literature. The verses of Shāh-nāmeh, epical composition, makes one feel proud. There may be a lot of studies carried on this great work; h More
        Associate professor, Islamic Azad University Talking about Shāh-nāmeh and its creator puts one to the peak of Iranian culture and literature. The verses of Shāh-nāmeh, epical composition, makes one feel proud. There may be a lot of studies carried on this great work; however, no one has ever studied how and under what condition it was created. What were the aims and purposes of the composition of the work? Can this great epical work be limited to nationalist and religious frames? Accepting the fact that Shāh-nāmeh has endured the test of time, as predicted by Ferdowsi himself, and that it gives a heavenly impression of Iranians' spirit, one question has remained unanswered : To what extent did the period in which Shāh-nāmeh was created affected its creation? Realizing the need for new research, we have tried to study the effects of the Sāmānids era, especially the effects of the Sāmānids statesmen' scholarship, on Ferdowsi. Doing so will enable us to say that the Sāmānids era can be called the era of knowledge and knowledge production movement Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        503 - Some of the historical development of ancient Persia
        hosien elahi
        With the advent of Zoroastrianism, the evolution of ideas and Community-based instruction and data occurred on this wise Where the equality of man, his freedom and the role of speech and opinion Krdar Iranians living Nick as a basic income and that was the reason rather More
        With the advent of Zoroastrianism, the evolution of ideas and Community-based instruction and data occurred on this wise Where the equality of man, his freedom and the role of speech and opinion Krdar Iranians living Nick as a basic income and that was the reason rather Iranian society. Self-esteem and respect for the individual and social progress and development of society and to spread within the political, economic, social and emotional provided. Iranians history on this test, which was founded on the basic questions and answers to create a happy life and love for all people and especially their efforts in their geographic area and education of their children based on the dynamics of self-respect, to add community Home and family and ethnic groups are respected and world affairs based on social justice and fight against ignorance and ignorance among all human beings based on their nd were convinced that this is converging and the divergence of human civilizations were around and justice and security and freedom to all people and all they asked for. and committed to human freedom in thought and thought and came to respect his wishes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        504 - An Analysis of Islamiyah, Experience of Resistance Economics in Iran during the Qajar Period (1278-1289)
        maryam heyek
        Resistance economy as the main strategy was to withdraw from economic pressures. One of the aspects of production and consumption of goods is internal resistance economy. This Mqalh‌ to answer the question of what factors in our historical experience in the Qajar period More
        Resistance economy as the main strategy was to withdraw from economic pressures. One of the aspects of production and consumption of goods is internal resistance economy. This Mqalh‌ to answer the question of what factors in our historical experience in the Qajar period to culminate in "domestic production and consumption of goods" was effective? To answer this question important factors in strengthening the national production at the company's activity Islamiyah, based on "qualitative content analysis" is checked. According to local patterns of successful role in promoting social issues, the result of unity and cooperation of various factors affecting the company's success Islamiyah including merchant capital, the spiritual and intellectual pen, noting that in the current situation, creating a strong economy and based on be local, not out of reach. The results indicated the necessity of enjoying the backing of nationalist sentiment and religious beliefs to realize the current situation is the strength of the economy.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        505 - 2500-year-old kingdom celebration with emphasis on cultural-social review the regim in Iran.
        L. Dehghan Nayyeri H. Shojaei
        2500-year-old kingdom celebration which after years of providing propaganda and studying were held in the fall of 1350 in persepolis with a unque glory , was on of the most expensire celebration which cost over 300 million dollars.By holding such a celebration ,shah More
        2500-year-old kingdom celebration which after years of providing propaganda and studying were held in the fall of 1350 in persepolis with a unque glory , was on of the most expensire celebration which cost over 300 million dollars.By holding such a celebration ,shah was seeking a way to continue his government and dominance over the pepole of Iran ,so he began to recover Aryan's valuas and arouse animosity towards Islam and develop friendly relation with foreign countries ,hence he began a series of controversial and , in some cases ,useful measures :naming himself "shah", ordering the collection and compiliation if some books about Iran's pre-Islamic culture and civilization ,founding Shahanshahi foundation of Iran Acadmy ,establish-ment of Iran's National Deed Registery ,holding various celebrations during the celebration decade (1345-1355),promoting people to choose their children the original Iranian names ,sending some educational groups callend "Sepahyane Danesh" (knowledge corps)to villages for the aim of making pepole eager to ancient and kigdom culture and informing them of the magnitude of the 2500-year-old kingdom celebrations ,building several schools and many buildings of public interest after the name of cirus the Great,changing the calender from solar to kingdome the cost of these celebrtions was so high and anti-Islamic measurs of regime were so extensive that finally raised the protest of the majority of the pepole of Iran and even foreign press and figures,and Shah and regime were condemned. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        506 - Immanuel Kant's Apollonian Peace or Friedrich Nietzsche's Dionysian War
        Mohammad Nasiri Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Seyed Ali Mortazavian Farsani
        If we consider Apollo as a symbol of systematicity, rationality and order, Kant intends to rule peace in the world with a systematic strategy based on rationality. Kant believes that war should be considered as the last solution with the utmost respect for human life an More
        If we consider Apollo as a symbol of systematicity, rationality and order, Kant intends to rule peace in the world with a systematic strategy based on rationality. Kant believes that war should be considered as the last solution with the utmost respect for human life and dignity. to be War should only be used when all other means of conflict resolution have been exhausted. On the other hand, if we consider Dionysus as a symbol of drunkenness, passion and breaking taboos, Nietzsche considered morality as a human structure that has been used throughout history to suppress and control people. Therefore, peace is a sign of weakness and degeneration and a product of herd mentality. Real strength comes from conflict and struggle. Struggle with the rules that modernity has dominated human life with the view of pure rationality and its product has become a machine human. Nietzsche considered peace to be a necessary part of life, but on the condition that it is based on power. Understanding what and formulating the criticism of these two thinkers on peace and war and how they interpret it is the central issue of this article. Nietzsche believed that peace is not an end in itself, but a means to an end, and argued that peace is necessary for the development of higher forms of culture and civilization, but it should not be pursued at the expense of creativity and progress. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        507 - Critical Analysis of the Foundations of Inequality in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Political Philosophy (with Emphasis on the Second Discourse)
        saeed eslamee Amirmasoud Tadayon fatemeh soleymani pourlak Amin Moezi Dailami
        One of the most significant political philosophers who devoted his works to the problem of inequality is the French Rousseau. In his famous article "A Discourse on Inequality", he claims that the first historical cause of inequality is private property. Therefore, this More
        One of the most significant political philosophers who devoted his works to the problem of inequality is the French Rousseau. In his famous article "A Discourse on Inequality", he claims that the first historical cause of inequality is private property. Therefore, this research with the theoretical framework of radical democracy, Moff, tried to answer the question of what theoretical basis is based on Russober's hypothesis. What is Rousseau's solution to get out of the crisis of inequality? The result of this research shows that Rousseau's assumption is in line with the criticism of the teachings of the Catholic Church, Locke, especially in the theoretical criticism of Hobbes in Leviathan. There are three main axes: criticism of the natural state/natural law, strong opposition and weak and the nature of sovereignty is stable, and Rousseau's solution to the crisis of contract relies on freedom, which will lead to the unity of contract. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        508 - The Place of Freedom in the Political Philosophy of Isaiah Berlin
        Soheila Naderi Zarneh Mohammad Tohid Fam Ahmad Bakhshaishi Ardestani Ali Akbar Amini
        The main purpose of this article is to explain the place of freedom in the political philosophy of Isaiah Berlin. The main question of the article is what is the place of freedom in the political philosophy of Isaiah Berlin? In response to this hypothesis, it has been s More
        The main purpose of this article is to explain the place of freedom in the political philosophy of Isaiah Berlin. The main question of the article is what is the place of freedom in the political philosophy of Isaiah Berlin? In response to this hypothesis, it has been suggested that in Isaiah Berlin's political philosophy, freedom is the most important component in countering tyranny. The results of the present article show that due to the existence of tyranny in different societies, especially in the third world, different masses must use different tools to achieve freedom in order to eliminate tyranny. In fact, from Berlin's point of view, freedom is the main obstacle to tyranny. The type of research method in this article is fundamental in terms of purpose and analytical in nature and based on library studies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        509 - The Study of Citizenship Rights with Emphasis on Freedom of Expression in Jurisprudence and Law
        Seyed Mojtaba Hakim Ali Faghihi Seyed Hossein Ebrahimian
        Citizenship rights are exactly the same developed natural rights in the context of modern social life in the recent and contemporary century, in a sense the basic elements of citizenship rights supervise absolute, permanent, fixed, and objective human rights, and hence, More
        Citizenship rights are exactly the same developed natural rights in the context of modern social life in the recent and contemporary century, in a sense the basic elements of citizenship rights supervise absolute, permanent, fixed, and objective human rights, and hence, any human beings in this respect in a governing justice do not have superior over others, and citizenship rights are generally regarded as a single spirit that manifests themselves in the form of different statutes, not in the form of some separate articles that consist of a specific legal issue. Citizenship rights in regard to the issue can be divided into two main categories in the constitution; including fundamental rights and social rights that consist of political, administrative, economic, cultural, and judicial rights. Citizenship rights are studied and analyzed by the library and analytic methods in this research. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        510 - Comparative Assessment of Drug and Psychotropic Crimes in Iran and the United Kingdom
        Yahya Kamalipour Bagher Shamloo
        Yahya Kamalipour[1]  Bagher Shamloo [2]   Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative assessment of drug and psychotropic crimes in Iran and the United Kingdom. In Iranian law, the criminal policy governing drug crimes is based primarily on More
        Yahya Kamalipour[1]  Bagher Shamloo [2]   Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative assessment of drug and psychotropic crimes in Iran and the United Kingdom. In Iranian law, the criminal policy governing drug crimes is based primarily on government, official, and repressive responses. In English law, a relatively more flexible procedure has been adopted, and except in a few cases, the legislature has not resorted to punitive penalties, such as the death penalty, in response to drug offenses. Medium-term imprisonment is the main punishment for most drug offenses in the UK. However, in both legal systems, there are minimal similarities, including the widespread use of the power of imprisonment to respond to drug offenses. So the question is, what is the difference between punishing drug and psychotropic crimes in Iran and the United Kingdom? [1] - Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan Branch, Rafsanjan, Iran, yahya.kamalipour@mailfa.com [2] - Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan Branch, Rafsanjan, Iran Corresponding Author, bagher.shamloo@mailfa.com Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        511 - Application of Numerical Iterative Methods for Solving Benjamin-Bona-Mahony Equation
        Shadan Sadigh behzadi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        512 - Solving linear and nonlinear optimal control problem using modified adomian decomposition method
        Ahmad Fakharian Mohammad Taghi Hamidi Beheshti
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        513 - Cluster-Based Image Segmentation Using Fuzzy Markov Random Field
        Peyman Rasouli Mohammad Reza Meybodi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        514 - Prioritizing Customers’ Preferences of Iranian Domestic Flights Using Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis
        Amin Salimian Noudushan Mozhde Rabbani Shahnaz Nayebzade
        The purpose of this study is to prioritize the preferences of domestic flights customers through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. This research is practical in terms of its purpose and according to its nature, the applied method is descriptive-survey. The s More
        The purpose of this study is to prioritize the preferences of domestic flights customers through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. This research is practical in terms of its purpose and according to its nature, the applied method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of that are customers of domestic flights of Islamic Republic of Iran airlines. The research sample consisted of 145 people who were selected by simple random sampling method. To collect data, a standard questionnaire was developed using the 5 options Likert range. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and its reliability was confirmed by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which is 0.910. Using exploratory factor analysis using SPSS software, 29 variables that affect the preferences of domestic airline clients were grouped into 7 factors and then they were prioritized by confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL software. The results of this study showed that safety factor has the most impact on the customers' preferences and hobby aspect has the least impact on customer preferences. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        515 - Examine barriers to creativity Elementary Education Teachers Qazvin
        Mohammad Ataee mohammad lotfi celasi
        In educational environments, many factors hinder the actualization of this potential are. Especially those who are students of pattern, Means "teacher." Study to "examine the barriers to creativity in education elementary school teachers Qazvin" is discussed. This resea More
        In educational environments, many factors hinder the actualization of this potential are. Especially those who are students of pattern, Means "teacher." Study to "examine the barriers to creativity in education elementary school teachers Qazvin" is discussed. This research method is descriptive - correlational survey is. Information was also collected through library and field using a questionnaire, After confirming the reliability and validity by faculty advisors In a sample comprising 20 Using Cronbach's alpha to 0/78 are calculated. The research sample of 1450 people, and the sample through Cochran formula, 210 patients estimates, And random sampling method - the class-elected. Data obtained using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyzes were used. The results showed: how creative the teacher is looking at a relatively high level; Between the variables of self-esteem and job satisfaction of teachers with their creativity, there is a significant correlation, So by reducing the variables, their creativity is also reduced; Also, variables, fear of failure and dominance director, creative teachers, have an inverse relationship, Thus, the increase in these variables, how creative teachers are also reduced. The results of the ANOVA showed, Except for the education variable, other variables do not play a role in how creative teachers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        516 - The study of effects of organizational forgetting on learning and Adoption of innovation Technology in location General
        Atena Sadat Jazayeri Sayyed Mehdi Alvani
        In this research, the effect of organizational forgetting on the learning and acceptance of information technology in education in Tehran province has been investigated. The statistical population of this study is all the experts of the Education Organization of Tehran More
        In this research, the effect of organizational forgetting on the learning and acceptance of information technology in education in Tehran province has been investigated. The statistical population of this study is all the experts of the Education Organization of Tehran Province. Referring to the Karkxin Office, the number of experts is 493. The random sampling method is simple and using the Cochran formula, the sample size is 216 people. The method of this research is from the perspective of the applied purpose and the view of the survey data collection method. Also, the nature of the research is correlation. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire. Structural methods are used to analyze inferential data. The results of the research showed that objective organizational forgetting has a positive and significant effect on the adoption of information technology innovation and organizational learning. In addition, the research results showed that organizational forgetting has a negative and inverse effect on the acceptance of information technology innovation and organizational learning. In addition, the role of a learning tool is organizational Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        517 - Multi-objective design an agile and value supply chain with multi-objective genetic algorithm approach
        Hossein Ali Hassanpour Morteza Jabale
        A product when at the number of appropriate and timely delivered to the customer at the appropriate time is worth. Today, companies and people are facing the challenges of agility and pivotal values that the use of both approaches and combine them there is no in analyti More
        A product when at the number of appropriate and timely delivered to the customer at the appropriate time is worth. Today, companies and people are facing the challenges of agility and pivotal values that the use of both approaches and combine them there is no in analytic model of the supply chain and the previous literature. In this paper, a study based on linear integer modeling in the field of supply chain network design has been done to address this gap research. Supply chain proposed in three levels of manufacturers, distributors and customers is proposed for multi-objective, multi-product and multi-period. The objective functions is including: Maximizing agility and pivotal values. To solve the Mathematical model is used from GAMS program. Then multi-objective genetic algorithm using non-dominated sorting members of the population proposed and Meta heuristic algorithm and GAMS`s results are Compared to Validate proposed algorithm. In the End, results are analyzed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        518 - Predictive Power Stock Market IndicesFor The Future Economic Activity,In The Frequency Domain
        Amir Mohammad zadeh Parisa Karim khani
        Financial markets are among the influential markets in the economy of every country. Stock market booms and crashes in some countries not only influence their national economies but also have impacts on the global economy. Study of performance of stock market and stock More
        Financial markets are among the influential markets in the economy of every country. Stock market booms and crashes in some countries not only influence their national economies but also have impacts on the global economy. Study of performance of stock market and stock price index and their effects on economic factors are among issues increasingly being focused by economic and financial researchers.Up to now many studies has been conducted on the causal relationship between stock market indices and economic variables in various countries. These causal relationships have confirmed in some studies and they have rejected in other ones. The innovation of present research is study of Granger causality in frequency domain about which there are no comprehensive studies especially in Iranian context. Present study addresses the causal relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and stock market variables including stock price index, financial index and industry index in Iranian context and explores if predictive power is concentrated on lower frequencies or higher ones. Main goal of present study is to employ stock market indices to develop a model for prediction of GDP. Results from present study showed that in Iranian context there was no causal relationship between GDP and selected variables related to stock market in frequency domain and stock market indices cannot be used to predict GDP. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        519 - EMCSO: An Elitist Multi-Objective Cat Swarm Optimization
        Maysam Orouskhani Mohammad Teshnehlab Mohammad Ali Nekoui
        10.22094/joie.2017.500.12
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        520 - A New Dynamic Random Fuzzy DEA Model to Predict Performance of Decision Making Units
        Ali Yaghoubi Maghsoud Amiri Azamdokht Safi Samghabadi
        10.22094/joie.2016.252
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        521 - A Non-dominated Sorting Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm Approach to the Bi-objective Multi-vehicle Allocation of Customers to Distribution Centers
        Jafar Bagherinejad Mina Dehghani
        10.22094/joie.2016.230
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        522 - A Fractile Model for Stochastic Interval Linear Programming Problems
        Hadi Nasseri Salim Bavandi
        10.22094/joie.2021.566423.1558
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        523 - Modelling and optimization of a tri-objective Transportation-Location-Routing Problem considering route reliability: using MOGWO, MOPSO, MOWCA and NSGA-II
        Fariba Maadanpour Safari Farhad Etebari Adel Pourghader Chobar
        10.22094/joie.2020.1893849.1730
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        524 - Design of Accelerated Life Testing Plans for Products Exposed to Random Usage
        Kamyar Sabri-Laghaie Rassoul Noorossana
        10.22094/joie.2020.1907303.1783
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        525 - Short-Term Tuberculosis Incidence Rate Prediction for Europe using Machine learning Algorithms
        Jamilu Yahaya Maipan-uku Nadire Cavus Boran Sekeroglu
        10.22094/joie.2023.1988443.2079
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        526 - Propagation Models and Fitting Them for the Boolean Random Sets
        mojtaba Khazaei Khalil Shafie
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        527 - A multi-objective evolutionary approach for integrated production-distribution planning problem in a supply chain network
        Keyvan Sarrafha Abolfazl Kazemi Alireza Alinezhad
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        528 - Structural Drift Corresponding to the Critical Excitations
        Mohammad Hosein Soltani Seyed Hooman Ghasemi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        529 - Liquefaction Hazard assessment using Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio of Microtremor
        Mehdi Mokhberi Sadegh Yazdanpanah Fard
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        530 - Vortex-induced energy harvesting of an elliptic blade in high-Reynolds lid-driven cavity flow
        Ali Akbar Hosseinjani Ghasem Akbari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        531 - Relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction of women
        Rahil Azadbakht Parivash Vakili
        The purpose of this study was the survey of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction of married women. For this purpose a sample including 201 employees married women between 20-50 years old who were under the support of social guarant More
        The purpose of this study was the survey of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction of married women. For this purpose a sample including 201 employees married women between 20-50 years old who were under the support of social guarantee's insurance in sari, were selected by random in several stage and answered to the questions of  Young schemas questionnaire (YSQ) and Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire (47 questions). For the data's analysis were used of the methods of descriptive statistic and inferential statistics (correlation and regression analysis). The achieved result was indicated the negative relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital satisfaction and the early maladaptive schemas can predict no marital satisfaction. Also among five-domain of the early maladaptive schemas, disconnection and rejection domain have negative significant relationship with marital satisfaction Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        532 - Comparison of efficacy of EMDR and EFT in PTSD woman Patient Who Recovered from Covid-19
        Mohammad Akbari Alinaghi Aqhdasi Amir Panahali Massoumeh Azmodeh Reaza Naghdi sadeh
        10.30495/jwsf.2022.1968605.1749
        The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two treatment methods of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and emotional Freedom technique (EFT) in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in women who have recovered from the dise More
        The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two treatment methods of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and emotional Freedom technique (EFT) in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in women who have recovered from the disease of Covid-19 in Tabriz. The present study was quasi-experimental based on a pretest-posttest design with a control group.The statistical population included all female patients recovered from Covid-19 aged 25 to 60 years in Tabriz in 2021. Thirty-six recovered female patients sampled using the purposeful sampling method and diagnosed with PTSD were randomly assigned to three groups, experimental group 1 (n=12), experimental group 2 (n=12) and The control group (n=12). Participants in EMDR and EFT sessions were treated individually and weekly in six 45 min sessions.The control group followed their normal daily schedule. All participants were evaluated in two pre-test and post-test stages by a post-traumatic stress disorder checklist. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using the analysis of covariance. Post-test PTSD scores were significantly reduced in two experimental groups (P <0.05). Both EMDR and EFT psychotherapies relieved the symptoms in PTSD patients. However, according to the post-test results, EMDR intervention was more effective than EFT psychotherapy in reducing PTSD symptoms. Additionally, a reduction in PTSD scores in the EMDR group was substantially more significant than in the EFT group. Results suggest greater use of EMDR for PTSD symptoms. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        533 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive Emotion Regulation on Reducing Domestic Violence and Marital Affective Empathy in Men
        Loghman Ebrahimi Majid Almasi
        10.30495/jwsf.2022.1948230.1641
        TThe existence of violence in family patterns has led to its extension to society and the persistence of violent patterns and behaviors in social relationships. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive emotional regulation on reducing More
        TThe existence of violence in family patterns has led to its extension to society and the persistence of violent patterns and behaviors in social relationships. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive emotional regulation on reducing domestic violence and marital emotional empathy. The research method is semi-experimental. Using the cognitive-emotional training program, the effectiveness of this training was assessed in experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study includes all men referred to Zanjan city counseling centers in 1399. Accordingly, using available sampling method 2 groups of 20 people were selected in the control group (without training), the experimental group (cognitive-emotional training) and were matched based on age (30 to 45 years), academic status (undergraduate, bachelor, and master degree). The scale of domestic violence and marital emotional empathy were implemented before and after the training of cognitive emotional regulation. Data were analyzed using covariance test (ANCOVA-MANCOVA) through SPSS software. The results of this study showed that cognitive emotion regulation training has been effective in decreasing domestic violence  (Psychological violence 0.003, physical violence 0.041 and economic violence 0.022) and increasing emotional empathy(Reactive empathy 0.020, expressive empathy 0.008, participatory empathy 0.022, emotional affectivity 0.025 and emotional stability 0.016) in experimental group. The results of the present study indicate that psychologists implement workshops and therapy plans in order to make positive changes for promoting marital interpersonal relationship, taking into account positive and negative emotions in counseling centers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        534 - The effectiveness of emotional therapy on marital boredom, intimacy and sexual performance of women affected by marital infidelity
        Ahad Ahangar robab farajzadeh Marziyeh Alivandi Vafa
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional therapy on marital despondency, sexual intimacy and sexual performance of women affected by marital infidelity in Tabriz city. The semi-experimental research method was pre-test, post-tes More
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional therapy on marital despondency, sexual intimacy and sexual performance of women affected by marital infidelity in Tabriz city. The semi-experimental research method was pre-test, post-test with an experimental group and a control group; The statistical population of the research consisted of women who referred to the Metacognitive Counseling Center of Tabriz between 1400 and September 1402 due to their husband's marital infidelity; Among them, 30 women who had obtained higher scores in the marital dissatisfaction questionnaire and lower scores in the sexual intimacy and sexual performance questionnaires and who met the conditions for entering the research, were randomly selected and 15 People were replaced in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group. The experimental group underwent emotional therapy for 8 sessions. The questionnaires used in this research included the Marital Boredom Questionnaire (CBM), the Standard Sexual Intimacy Questionnaire (Batlani, Ahmadi, Bahrami and Shah-Siah, 2019) and the Women's Sexual Performance Questionnaire (FSFI). The data obtained from the research were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis and the results of the research showed that emotion-oriented therapy was effective in increasing intimacy and sexual performance and reducing marital boredom of women affected by marital infidelity. (a<0/05). The result is that emotional therapy group therapy can be effective in increasing intimacy and sexual performance and reducing marital despondency of women affected by marital infidelity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        535 - Sociological Factors of Domestic Violence towards Adolescent ‎Female Children‏ ‏‎(case study: High schools in Ahwaz)‎
        محمود یعقوبی دوست حلیمه عنایت
        This study aimed to examine the sociological factors of domestic violence towards adolescent female   children in Ahvaz. The study is a survey. The population of the research consisted of high school girl students and their parents in Ahvaz‚ from among w More
        This study aimed to examine the sociological factors of domestic violence towards adolescent female   children in Ahvaz. The study is a survey. The population of the research consisted of high school girl students and their parents in Ahvaz‚ from among whom 384 were selected as samples through multi –stage sampling technique. In this study, Four questionnaires" Childhood Trauma Questionnaire measuring instrument (Child Abuse and Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein, 1995), Duncan’s scale of socio-economic parents (SES)‚ Russell’s social isolation UCLA)) 1976, a scale of perceived emotional support (MSPSS Zimet & et al) (1998) were used. For data analysis, statistical indicators, standard deviation, t test, and ‚ Pearson regression analysis were used. According to the study, the variable "social isolation, perceived emotional social support, socio - economic, situation and the household population have a significant relationship with domestic violence of parents toulard  young female children. The results of multiple regression showed that the variable of social isolation has the most impact to predict the dependent variable. According to the research findings, this issue requires consideration of both the families and the authorities to prevent control and reduce its negative impact on society and families.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        536 - Effect of Application of Biofertilizers and Phosphorus Fertilizers on Qualitative and Quantitative Traits of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
        میثم Moradi S.A. Siadat K. Khavazi R. Naseri A. Maleki A. Mirzae
        In order to study the effects of biofertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on yield and yield components of spring wheat a factorial experiment based on randomized completed blocks design with replications was conducted at the Mohsenabad, Mehran Research station in Ilam, I More
        In order to study the effects of biofertilizer and phosphate fertilizer on yield and yield components of spring wheat a factorial experiment based on randomized completed blocks design with replications was conducted at the Mohsenabad, Mehran Research station in Ilam, Iran during 2009-2010. Experimental factors consisted of phosphorus chemical fertilizers at four levels(0, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1) and bio-fertilizer at four levels (non-inoculation, inoculating with Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas Putida and Azotobacter plus Pseudomonas). Results of analysis variance showed that using chemical fertilizer significantly effected grain yield, harvest index, biological yield, plant height and protein content. The highest grain and biological yields were produced by applying180 kg ha-1, while its effects on other traits were not significantly different from that of 135 kg ha-1. Biological fertilizers, on the other hand increased grain yield, harvest index, biological yield, plant height and protein content as compared to non inoculation treatment. The highest grain yield, harvest index, biological yield, plant height and protein content obtained from application of Azotobacter plus Pseudomonas. Grain yield, harvest index, biological, plant height were affected by interaction effects of chemical fertilizer and biological fertilizers. The highest and lowest grain yield belonged to the application of 180 kg ha-1 of chemical fertilizer and Azotobacter plus Pseudomonas and non- chemical fertilizer and non-inoculation, respectively, but the difference between 135 and 180 kg.ha-1 was not statistically different. Thus, it is cheaper to recommend use of 135 kg ha-1 of chemical fertilizer and Azotobacter plus Pseudomonas to get acceptable grain and biological yields. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        537 - Herbicide on Weed Composition, Diversity and Density in Silage Corn (cv. Sc 704)
        M. Zafarian R. Sadrabadi Haghigi L. Alimoradi
        In order to study the effect of plant density, planting pattern and herbicide dosage of nicosulfuron, a field experiment was arranged in a factorial split plot treatments based on RCBD with three replications in Chenaran, Khorasan Razavi, in 2010. The experimental treat More
        In order to study the effect of plant density, planting pattern and herbicide dosage of nicosulfuron, a field experiment was arranged in a factorial split plot treatments based on RCBD with three replications in Chenaran, Khorasan Razavi, in 2010. The experimental treatments consisted of a factorial plant density (100000, 120000 and 140000 plants ha-1) in the planting pattern (single and double row) as main plot and herbicide dosage of nicousulforon in four levels (0, 1, 1/5 and 2, l.ha-1) as sub-plot. Samplings were made at in five stages (37days after the emergence of corn and it was repeated once per 20 days). The results indicated reducing the weed density and dry matter of weeds in the first stage after the herbicide treatment. Moreover, it was observed a significant interaction effect between plant density with planting pattern and between planting pattern with herbicides dosages during growth season on reducing weed density and dry matter. Also results indicated that in between of this experiment's treatments, nicosulfuron herbicide reduced weed density at the beginning of growth season and double row planting pattern suppressed weed density during growing season, and resulted in lowest Jacard similarity index (Sj) of weed species. Results also indicated that with increasing of plant density and herbicide dosage especially in composition of double row planting pattern, according to Shannon- Wiener index, sensitive population such as common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculareL.), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) and Johnson grass (Sorghum halepens L.) was reduced in during growing season. Simpson dominance index, showed that some low populated weeds such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and Canada thistle (Circum arvensis L.) persisted their growth up to the end of growing season. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        538 - Improvement of Physiological Growth Indices and Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L.) by Replacing some of Nitrogen with Phosphorus under Moisture Stress
        Farasat Sadeghi Mohammad Ali Aboutalebian
        10.30495/jcep.2019.666246
        To study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factori More
        To study some growth indices of soybean under moisture stress by replacing nitrogen with phosphorus, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Station of Bu-Ali Sina University during the 2017-2018 growing season. The experiment was carried out in a split-factorial arrangement of treatments based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots consisted of three levels of irrigations (irrigating after 60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan). Two levels of nitrogen replacement with phosphorus and without replacement and two levels of phosphorus replacement and without phosphorus replacement assigned to subplots. The results showed that simultaneous replacing of nitrogen and phosphorus in all irrigation levels increased physiological growth indices of leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Moisture stress reduced growth rate of the crop significantly. Results also showed that crop growth rate increased 35 to 45 days after planting and reached to its maximum level after 65 days after planting date. After this period, the crop growth rate of soybean decreased and reached to zero about 95-100 days after planting. The highest dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate were obtained from irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and nitrogen-phosphorus simultaneous placement application. According to the results, simultaneous replacing nitrogen and phosphorus, reduced the negative effect of moisture stress on soybean growth indices. Nitrogen replacement with phosphorus increased grain yield by 11.4% as compared to non-replacement of nitrogen with phosphorus and yielded 3855.88 kg.ha-1. In this research, nitrogen replacement with phosphorus under irrigation after 90 mm evaporation prevented significant oil yield loss as compared to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        539 - Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria and Irrigation Levels on Physiological Traits and Yield of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
        Sanaz Rajabi Khamseh Abdolrazagh Danesh-Shahraki Mohammad Rafieiolhossaini Keramatollah Saeedi Mahdi Ghobadinia
        10.30495/jcep.2019.666250
        To evaluate the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria and irrigation levels on some physiological traits and yield of flax, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural More
        To evaluate the effects of plant growth promoting bacteria and irrigation levels on some physiological traits and yield of flax, a split-plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Agricultural Faculty of Shahrekord University in 2015. The main factor was three irrigation levels (100 % of full irrigation as control, 75 and 50 % of full irrigation) and the sub-factor was seven levels of plant growth promoting bacteria (no inoculation as control and inoculation with Bacillus SP. strain1, Bacillus SP. strain2, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Azotobacter Chroococcum, Pseudomonas putida and Azospirillium lipoferum). The interaction effect of irrigation and bacterial inoculation on relative water content, cell membrane stability, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, water use efficiency, number of capsules per plant, 1000 grain weight and seed yield were significant but non significant on seed number per capsule. The highest amounts of measured traits in each irrigation level were related to the bacterial treatments. The highest seed yield (with 62% increase) was obtained from Bacillus sp. strain1 in treatment and 100% of full irrigation as compared to that of control. According to the results of main effect of irrigation on number of seeds per capsule, full irrigation treatment resulted in highest number of grain per capsule as compared to the other levels. Among bacterial treatments, B. Amyloliquefaciens had the highest significant number of seeds per capsule, as compared with no inoculation treatment. The effects of treatments of Bacillus SP. strain1, B. amyloliquefaciens and A. Chroococcum treatments were more pronounced as compared to other bacterial treatments traits studied under normal and stress conditions. According to the results of this research, flax seed treatment with plant growth promoting bacteria is recommended flax seed production under water deficit conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        540 - The Comparative Observation of Quantitative Characteristics, Heterosis and Dominance Degree in Hybrids Derived from Breeding Populations of True Potato Seed
        D. Hassanpanah
        To create genetic variations in potato during four years of study (2007-11) and use than in breeding programs, some 105 hybrids were selected from cresses of Agria, Savalan, Boren, Kennebek and Ceaser cultivars as hybrids parents, and planted in augmented design at the More
        To create genetic variations in potato during four years of study (2007-11) and use than in breeding programs, some 105 hybrids were selected from cresses of Agria, Savalan, Boren, Kennebek and Ceaser cultivars as hybrids parents, and planted in augmented design at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil during 2010-2011. The marketable tuber yields produced by the parents and hybrids were 42-52 t.ha-1 and 10.4-138.8 t.ha-1, respectively. The marketable tuber yields of hybrids exhibited 23.81% over dominance, 52.38% incomplete dominance, 13.33% reduction dominance and 10.48% interval dominance. Almost 24% of all hybrids selected produced higher marketable tuber yield than their parents. Heterosis for marketable tuber yield was found to be 58%. Based on the traits considered like marketable tuber yield, tuber uniformity, shallow eye depth, short stolon and yellow flesh and skin color, heterosis and dominancedegrees some 28 hybrids were selected. Among hybrids selected, 14 belonged to ♂Ceaser × ♀Savalan cross (021, 022, 023, 025, 026, 049, 057, 081, 087, 088, 095, 098, 0104 and 0105), four to ♂Savalan × ♀Agria cross (0500, 0502, 0503 0508), five to ♂Ceaser × ♀Agria cross (0611, 0613, 0616, 0618 and 0623) with early to mid-early maturity group, one to ♂Boren × ♀Savalan cross (0205), two to ♂Savalan × ♀Ceaser cross (0300 and 0303) and two to ♂Ceaser × ♀Kennebek cross (0401 and 0403) with mid-late maturity group. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        541 - Evaluation of Abundance and Preparation of Dominant Weeds Distribution Map in Irrigated and Rain fed Wheat Fields of East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
        V. Narimani M.M. Minbashi Z. Pouri
        Due to the large diversity of weeds in irrigated and rain fed wheat fields in East Azerbaijan province, Determining dominant specific weeds and prepare their distribution map, wheat fields were survey based on identical approach. During 9 years (from 2000 to 2009), in 2 More
        Due to the large diversity of weeds in irrigated and rain fed wheat fields in East Azerbaijan province, Determining dominant specific weeds and prepare their distribution map, wheat fields were survey based on identical approach. During 9 years (from 2000 to 2009), in 231 wheat fields based on their sizes from 19 counties were selected and abundance of weed species were studied. The results showed that there were more than 112 and 137 species of weeds in irrigated and rain fed field belonging to 101 genera of 28 families. The most important dominant broad leaf weeds in rain fed and irrigated fields were: Galium tricornatum, Chenopodium album, Descurania Sophia, Polygonium aviculare, Geranium tuberosum, Goldbachia laevigata. Grass leaves weeds are Eremopyrum bonaepartis, Alopecurus myosuroides, Bromus tectorum. In addition weed genuses like Acroptilon repens, convolvulus arvensis, Salsola kali, cardaria draba, Lactuca serriola, arethemost prevalent weeds at harvesting time in the wheat fields of province. The results also showed that controlling measures of weeds in wheat fields of province is not satisfactory and their management methods prior to harvesting are even worse. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        542 - Representation of cultural components of Iranian-Islamic lifestyle in domestic computer games
        Mohammadreza Alizadeh Alireza Esmaeili Shahrzad Bazrafshan Mohsen Noghani dokht Bahmani,
        10.30495/jss.2022.1944671.1415
        In recent decades, the intertwining of two different Western and Iranian-Islamic cultures has changed the perspective and style of our lives at home, in society, and in the educational system and has increased and decreased our propositions of comfort and tranquility.Th More
        In recent decades, the intertwining of two different Western and Iranian-Islamic cultures has changed the perspective and style of our lives at home, in society, and in the educational system and has increased and decreased our propositions of comfort and tranquility.The role of the media has been undeniable in counting the influential indicators of our lifestyle. It should not be forgotten that the first link and starting point for most of children, adolescents, and young people to the media is computer games. Digital gaming is a full-fledged medium that engages the audience more than its competitors, such as books, movies, or music, because of its interactive nature, leading to the peak of happiness or the valley of misery for its user. This paper's research method is a qualitative method based on semiotics of cultural components of the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle in domestic computer games. The results of this research, which are presented in numerous tables, show that domestic computer games have not yet met the expectations of those audiences and players who were willing to comprehend the principles and values of Iranian-Islamic life through the available domestic computer games. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        543 - The study of relationship between young generation’s media consumption and their attitudes to the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom
        Nasser Torreyhi Mehran Samadi
        This study aims to investigate the relationship between young generation’s media consumption and their attitudes to the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. The sample of the study is obtained through multi-stage cluster sampling method. The sample size was determi More
        This study aims to investigate the relationship between young generation’s media consumption and their attitudes to the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. The sample of the study is obtained through multi-stage cluster sampling method. The sample size was determined 366 people in accordancewith Cochran formula. The results showed that, there is a significant relationship between the use of media and the students’ positive attitudes towards the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom. It means that, the greater the amount of media consumption the less students’ positive attitude to the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom will be.       Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        544 - Sociological Study of Language differences between men and women
        Narmineh Moeinian
        The present study based on documentary research of sociolinguistic and sociology of language and gender relations shows that, there are differences in the language used by males and females in societies. Furthermore, the content and structure of languages regarding male More
        The present study based on documentary research of sociolinguistic and sociology of language and gender relations shows that, there are differences in the language used by males and females in societies. Furthermore, the content and structure of languages regarding male and female interlocutors is not neutral. There is gendered orientation and gendered use of language between male and female language-users. These differences are related to the tone, style, and diction of language-users (both genders) as well as the structure, internal cohesion and natural characteristics of a language. The reasons for these differences are different depending on different time eras and societies. For example, in some societies these differences are related to taboo words or expressions for the females. Also, some differences are dependent on the domination of one country by the enemy forces and assimilation of the native language of the females of that country by the dominant ones’ language. Moreover, most of the time the differences are related to different social functions performed by each gender as well as the gendered expectations of the society. Also, some feministic linguists who have gendered orientations believe that the difference in language use between males and females are related to the male domination situation of that society. Manifestations of these differences were discussed in the present study. These manifestations include aspects like language representation in the social life of the society, i.e. language echoes the value system and functional aspects of a social system in dealing with males and females and strengthening and foregrounding these gendered differences. According to the relativity of language proposed by Sapir and Whorf, it may result in exploitation, explication, emphasis, strengthening and commonality of these differences and superiorities between males and females. The present study uses the theoretical framework of the relativity of language proposed by Sapir and Whorf, the theory of taboo, the theory of domination, the theory of the differences in functions, and the theory of the domination in explanation or definition. The research methodology is of qualitative type with interpretive-comparative approach using documentary data with reference to sociology of language and sociolinguistics. The population comprises different languages of the world.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        545 - Explaining the Wisdom of Apostasy Punishment with an Approach to the Purposes of the Law
        akbar sajedi
        Although the attainment of human intellect is unlikely to be the cause of corrupting and destroying sentences in most of the issues, the explanation of the wisdom of the judgments can be the basis for their acceptance. The execution of the apostate is one of the fiqh la More
        Although the attainment of human intellect is unlikely to be the cause of corrupting and destroying sentences in most of the issues, the explanation of the wisdom of the judgments can be the basis for their acceptance. The execution of the apostate is one of the fiqh laws that have created many challenges. It would seem outrageous to consider primitive Islam to condemn humanity for changing its belief in death. Many answers have been given to the apostasy defense by scholars who have considered the apostasy, and some have also considered the wisdom of execution. By presenting a new classification of answers, the author has tried to reveal the hidden angles of the discussion. Therefore, the present article examines the relationship between the death penalty and the triple elements of Sharia law, freedom of thought and mercy, and concludes that this ruling is from the angle of the purpose of preserving religion, guaranteeing freedom of thought and manifestation of mercy God is about apostasy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        546 - Custom and Its Position in the Principal and Jurisprudential Works of Imam Khomeini and Shahid Sadr
        sajedeh rasouli Hamid Eivazy Reza Ranjbar
        Given the importance of custom in deriving religious rulings, especially in new issues, the study of the works of jurists in the use of custom, helps to use it better. Examining the jurisprudential and principled works of Imam Khomeini and Shahid Sadr as influential jur More
        Given the importance of custom in deriving religious rulings, especially in new issues, the study of the works of jurists in the use of custom, helps to use it better. Examining the jurisprudential and principled works of Imam Khomeini and Shahid Sadr as influential jurists in the evolution of jurisprudence who have proved the authority of custom with strong arguments, is appropriate and worthy to prove this issue. For this purpose, the study of his argumentative and principled jurisprudential texts has been done based on the library method and content analysis and their statements have been reviewed. The main purpose of the article is to find out how they use custom in both theoretical and practical thought. . According to the above purpose, the main question of the article is how the two great jurists in their principled jurisprudential tradition have used custom within the scope of the book and tradition and whether or not they have explained and practiced custom according to their time. Have? The results of the research show that both jurists, while using custom and quoting it in many fields, consider custom beyond space and time, while believing in its authority by the shari'ah and considering the influence of time and place in jurisprudential issues. It is necessary to use the important and practical source of custom in adapting jurisprudence to the current situation and conditions in order to rationality and solve today's problems Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        547 - Monetary and financial contexts of Britain's exit from the European Union
        Soraya Babaei Alireza Soltan Ardeshi Sanaei Hamidreza Shirzad
        AbstractThe election was one of the most important events since the formation of the European Convergence and Unification Project and the worst decision in recent years in the European Union. This is a European Heritage project by former British Prime Minister David Cam More
        AbstractThe election was one of the most important events since the formation of the European Convergence and Unification Project and the worst decision in recent years in the European Union. This is a European Heritage project by former British Prime Minister David Cameron. Britain's controversial move to leave the EU, which found strong supporters and opponents in parliament, parties and even among the people, began in 2015 and was completed in 2020. Accordingly, in this article, an attempt has been made to examine the monetary-financial contexts of Brexit. Thus, the authors of the article seek to answer the question based on the descriptive-analytical method, emphasizing the integration of the theory of convergence and divergence using the collection and analysis of the obtained information. Our hypothesis has also been that the roots of the election should be sought more in British nationalism, the desire for special relations with the United States, the financial crisis in Europe and the euro, and the ambiguity in the British economic future. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        548 - Explaining the role of media dominance centered on your network in ethnic integration in the Islamic Republic of Iran
        mohammad kavyani ali amiri masoud motallebi حجت مهکویی
        In areas with ethnic diversity, convergence can lead to the realization of social resilience, social capital, and national unity and solidarity. In the meantime, one of the main tools of the political economy of space is the media, which can strengthen convergence in th More
        In areas with ethnic diversity, convergence can lead to the realization of social resilience, social capital, and national unity and solidarity. In the meantime, one of the main tools of the political economy of space is the media, which can strengthen convergence in the territorial area by adopting a good governance approach. This study tries to show whether media dominance can cause ethnic convergence in the territory of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, this research with a practical purpose and a descriptive-analytical method has tried to cover this goal with a survey of experts and a targeted Delphi method. The results of his study show that the realization of media dominance in your network can play a positive and beneficial role in the realization of ethnic integration in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In fact, the structural modeling of the influence of media dominance on the realization of ethnic integration shows that this effect has been positive and significant to the extent of 0.76. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        549 - The role of cyberspace on the situation of the public sphere in Iran
        saeed bashiri seyyed mostafa abtahi Ali Morshedizad
        Today, the phenomenon of information and communication revolution and its well-known product, cyberspace and social networks, are making fundamental and wide-ranging changes in the nature of socio-political forms and structures in various societies, and this has occupie More
        Today, the phenomenon of information and communication revolution and its well-known product, cyberspace and social networks, are making fundamental and wide-ranging changes in the nature of socio-political forms and structures in various societies, and this has occupied the minds of researchers about how and the consequences and effects of these changes. Is. Cyberspace has been effective on all social, political, economic and cultural spheres of societies and due to its capacities such as speed, learning, permanent access, two-way and multi-way interaction, extra-space and extra-temporal, it has been able to be considered as a basic and effective tool on citizen relations. . The research seeks to investigate the role of cyberspace and social networks on creating and strengthening the public sphere among Iranians. The research has been done using descriptive-analytical method and study of documents and libraries and in collecting information from books, articles and websites. Findings show that cyberspace and its latest achievement, namely social networks, play an important and fundamental role in directing and enlightening public opinion, raising awareness in society, strengthening the functions of civil society and non-governmental organizations. The results indicate that cyberspace has played an effective and positive role in redefining and strengthening the public sphere among Iranians. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        550 - Induced reproduction of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) using pituitary extract, hCG and LHRHa2
        samaneh poursaeid
        Abstract[1]This study was carried out with the aim of induction of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) using various hormones. For this reason, fish were injected under four hormonal treatments, so that each group of four broods were injected in two doses with pituitary hormo More
        Abstract[1]This study was carried out with the aim of induction of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) using various hormones. For this reason, fish were injected under four hormonal treatments, so that each group of four broods were injected in two doses with pituitary hormone extract (1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg), LHRHa2 (3.5 and 10 µg/kg), hCG (150 and 500 IU/kg), and saline (control). The results showed that all male and wild females responded to pituitary extract and LHRHa2, while in wild female which injected with hCG and farmed females which injected with hCG and pituitary extract, 75 percent responded to hormone therapy and no farmed fish responded to LHRHa2. According to reproductive parameters with the parameters including the number of eggs and working fecundity, no significant difference was observed in different treatments. Considering the obtained results from this study it seems that pituitary extract and hCG have a high performance and was recommend induction of artificial reproduction in Pikeperch. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        551 - Reason of the Wisdom (Dalile Aaqhl) and its Status on the Deductive Manner of Mohaghegh Helli
        mohammad mousa motalebi hassan jamshidi
        Given the importance of the reason of wisdom (Dalile Aghl) in inferring legal rulings, especially in new issue, examining the reason of wisdom would help a better use of the reason of wisdom. Examining the deductive manner of Mohaghegh Helli as an influential jurist in More
        Given the importance of the reason of wisdom (Dalile Aghl) in inferring legal rulings, especially in new issue, examining the reason of wisdom would help a better use of the reason of wisdom. Examining the deductive manner of Mohaghegh Helli as an influential jurist in development of jurisprudence is befitting and praiseworthy in proving this issue. For this purpose, his discursive and theological (Usuli) legal texts have been examined on the basis of content analysis method and his legal judgments have been examined one by one. The results of the research indicate that Mohaghegh Helli has used the reason of wisdom for proving the necessity of the book (Quran) and tradition obedience. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        552 - Virtue and Indecency: Are They Legal or Rational
        zohreh afshar
        One of the main discussions in law is to prove rational virtue and indecency. It seems that, according to rational reasons, the case of rational virtue and indecency is exclusive. There are questions in this regard as follows: Is there any natural relation between virt More
        One of the main discussions in law is to prove rational virtue and indecency. It seems that, according to rational reasons, the case of rational virtue and indecency is exclusive. There are questions in this regard as follows: Is there any natural relation between virtue and indecency for our acts? Do they have natural value from our legislator's viewpoint? We should say that according to Muslims' viewpoint the base of all precepts is God. Their diversity of opinions only relates to precepts recognition methods. After answering these mentioned questions, the author presents questions as follows: can wisdom perceive the aspects of virtue and indecency independently? And finally what is the effect of rational virtue and indecency acceptance on affairs? In the present article, the author tries to answer these questions based on judicial viewpoints and proves that virtue and indecency are rational. And if the legislator doesn’t guide us to virtue, we understand it by our wisdom and vice versa. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        553 - Wife Occupation and the Role of Husband's Permission
        godarz eftekhar majid davoodi
        With the occurrence of marriage, marital relationship begins between husband and wife and so a family forms. Furthermore, through this contract, the parties obtain some rights and duties for respecting each other. One of the issues in this regard is employment or occupa More
        With the occurrence of marriage, marital relationship begins between husband and wife and so a family forms. Furthermore, through this contract, the parties obtain some rights and duties for respecting each other. One of the issues in this regard is employment or occupation of the wife. Basically, if there is mutual understanding and agreement between husband and wife about her occupation, she does not worry so much about her job. But, if the husband disagrees with employment of the wife, we can resolve the problem of wife having a job by referring to religious laws and reviewing legal principles. Although the constitution and civil law have realized the principle of the freedom of wife occupation, the existence of some limitations in civil law has caused some obstacles in the practice of the above mentioned principle. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        554 - A Jurisprudential And Legal Discussion About The Situation Of Interim And Conservatory Injunctions In Hearings Of Domestic Arbitration
        ahmad esfandiari
        10.22034/ijrj.2022.1863816.2234
        While issuing of interim and conservatory injunctions is an uncontroversial powers of judicial courts and it divided between judicial court and arbitral tribunal in international arbitration litigation, the possibility of issuing of them was a controversial subject and More
        While issuing of interim and conservatory injunctions is an uncontroversial powers of judicial courts and it divided between judicial court and arbitral tribunal in international arbitration litigation, the possibility of issuing of them was a controversial subject and equivocal and doubt in domestic arbitration hearings. Although it is acceptable on the light of principles of denying of vacuum of adjudication and some jurisprudential rules, some writers rejected the possibility of them in domestic arbitration hearings generally and some accepted in general. In addition, there isn't any consensus about tribunal that issues above injunctions in domestic arbitration hearings with supposition of it's possibility. In spite of that some are believing that issuing of them is an inherent heritage of judicial courts, others believe that issuing of them is possible by arbitral tribunal, specially where the parties of arbitral litigation agreed or with judicial Tribunal in turn or Instantaneously. Undoubtedly the interference of judicial courts in issuing of them before establishment of arbitral tribunal and conflicting with third party right and mandatory enforcement of them against whom they issue, is necessary. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        555 - A Research on the Periodography of the Imamiyah Jurisprudence
        mansour amirzadeh jirkoli Akbar Fallah
        10.22034/ijrj.2020.673329
        The science of jurisprudence has witnessed many ups and downs and has gone through different periods since its emergence. However, periodography of jurisprudence is a newborn field of study.Knowledge of the historyof jurisprudence and its periods and the status of juris More
        The science of jurisprudence has witnessed many ups and downs and has gone through different periods since its emergence. However, periodography of jurisprudence is a newborn field of study.Knowledge of the historyof jurisprudence and its periods and the status of jurisprudential practice in different periods can assist in a better understanding of jurisprudence and factors affecting its ups and downs. Sunni scholars have begun to write distinctly about the history of jurisprudence before Shia scholars, but they have failed to refer to the Shia history as an independent phenomenon. Shia jurisprudence historians have categorized Shia jurisprudence into different periods each using their own specific criterions. For instance, Shehābi has investigated different periods of jurisprudence based on time criterion, while Āsefi has studied the history of jurisprudence based on location criterion. This study used an analytical-descriptive method and contains two parts: the first part reports on ten cases of general periodographies of Imamiyah jurisprudence and then the related works has been analyzed following each case. In the second part of the paper, the authors have discussed Imamiyah jurisprudence within thirteen periods with respect to the development of jurisprudence due to the gradual evolution of jurisprudents' views. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        556 - Surveying the Method of Inference Generalizations by Implementation of Wisdom Rudiments
        Vahid Zarei Sharif
        One of the most utilizations of inference tools of Orders in Islamic jurisprudence and law is to obtain the indication of word against generalization by  wisdom rudiments. The current article reviews different aspects of that issue. Accordingly, the principal theor More
        One of the most utilizations of inference tools of Orders in Islamic jurisprudence and law is to obtain the indication of word against generalization by  wisdom rudiments. The current article reviews different aspects of that issue. Accordingly, the principal theories about the status of absolute words are reviewed and criticized. Between words of past and last people, five prefaces is obtained such as the whole aspiration form, asymmetry against encumbrance, lack of encumbrance value in terms of addressee, possibility of generalization and encumbrance and lack of refusal. Then each of mentioned prefaces was discussed according to the purpose of that preface, reliability of priority and the way of obtaining that. Finally by reviewing the theories and opinions of principles and their documentary proofs, it was ascertained that absolute indication is rational. So common symmetry or wisdom has just one condition, that is the speaker be in the form of expressing all his/her purpose and for the obtaining this preface, the use of rational principle of original expression is applicable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        557 - The philosophy of "Ehsan" in Sexual Offences Requiring Fixed Punishments (Based on the Islamic criminal law of Iran, 2013 penal Code)
        Adel Sarikhani
        10.22034/ijrj.2017.532744
              In Islamic criminal law, substantiation of Ehsan, undeniably affects the punishment of sexual offenses. Ehsan is defined as a situation when an adult man or woman-being permanently married- having the experience of vaginal sexual intercourse with hi More
              In Islamic criminal law, substantiation of Ehsan, undeniably affects the punishment of sexual offenses. Ehsan is defined as a situation when an adult man or woman-being permanently married- having the experience of vaginal sexual intercourse with his or her spouse in state of maturity and sanity, in which both men and women have the possibility to have sexual intercourses again and repeatedly whenever they want. For  instance in terms of  rape, which  the death penalty is required , Ehsan will not have any effects , in other words, for imposing punishment it is not important that the rapist to be married or single, however,  in some circumstances it would amount to both Rajm (stoning) and  Jald ( i.e. lashing one hundred times) or it would intensify the punishment  (i.e from Jald to Rajm) .Nevertheless according to the Islamic criminal law of Iran, 2013 penal Code, with the permission of judiciary head, the court has been given the authority to mitigate mentioned punishment to the  Execution ( a type of death penalty other than Rajm) or Jald  when imposing  of Rajm  is not possible. Although such flexibility is admirable, the code is criticized at this context by the experts. The 2013 code in terms of sodomy recognize Ehsan as a requirement for intensifying the punishment of Jald (Lashing) to the death penalty, but the code does not  apply Ehsan to intensify the punishment of lesbianism. In some sexual offences, regardless of the punishment, Ehsan will change the situation of an offender from undeserved for the death penalty to deserve it. This article at first is to have a review over the effects of Ehsan on sexual offences, and then explains the etiology of intensification of punishment in this regard; and finally criticizes the new provisions on Rajm in Islamic criminal law of Iran, 2013 penal Code.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        558 - The Patent Right
        Mohammad Sadeghi
        10.22034/ijrj.2018.538450
        The Patent Right is a rational validity that is established between a person and an object or a place. There are some arguments and disagreements about the nature of the patent right‒is the financial right considered a kind of possession, kingdom, or priority? Also, the More
        The Patent Right is a rational validity that is established between a person and an object or a place. There are some arguments and disagreements about the nature of the patent right‒is the financial right considered a kind of possession, kingdom, or priority? Also, there are some disagreements about proving such right and to prove this matter, some reasons such as consensus, narration, associating with someone, and the practice of the wise are cited. Some of the issues about which the Patent Right is considered are as follows: the Patent Right in unclean entities, the decline of entity from taxes and possession and the Patent Right towards entity after compensating the damage (giving substitution), the spiritual ownership, and the priority right. The provision of the realization of the Patent Right is its benefit and the existence of exploitation. The disturbance or seizure of the Patent Right without the permission of its owner is unlawful. Also, the exchange and ownership of the Patent Right freely through gift, will, or devotion is correct. Due to its kind, the end of the Patent Right is different. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        559 - Resolving the Conflict between the Husband's Domination over the Wife and Her Privacy
        Ramezan Ali Shabani Abedin Momeni
        10.22034/ijrj.2020.678160
        In ordinary life, according to some jurisprudential views, the idea arose for Muslims that in social life, the practice of family life is practically based on the absolute domination of the husband over the wife. On the other hand, based on the re-examination of jurispr More
        In ordinary life, according to some jurisprudential views, the idea arose for Muslims that in social life, the practice of family life is practically based on the absolute domination of the husband over the wife. On the other hand, based on the re-examination of jurisprudential documents and the principles of the relationship between husband and wife, and by accepting private property; the independence of each spouse is preferable to each other in terms of life, property and honor in married life. Therefore, the domination of the husband is to the extent of the right of marriage; that is, obedience and good companionship. On the other hand, the wife dominates the husband in terms of receiving dowry and alimony, which is a reciprocal and just domination, thus proving the equality of the husband and wife. With this description, the two notions of husband domination and wife privacy are in conflict. What is the solution? Is it possible to give privacy to a woman, despite the jurisprudential arguments for the husband to dominate the wife? Since the conflict has a primitive aspect, it can be resolved through customary collecting and through Hukoma (supremacy). According to the principle of non-guardianship every human being has independence in life, property, honor, the privacy of the wife rules and limits it. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        560 - Jurisprudential Pathology in Article 234 of the Islamic Penal Code
        Seyyed Ahmad Mirkhalili Nafiseh Motevalizadeh Naeini Mehri Nassaji Zavareh
        10.22034/ijrj.2019.666905
        Through amending the Islamic Penal Code in 2013, article 234 of the Islamic Penal Code has been amended in relation to the punishment of the sodomy (which the Islamic Penal Code of 1370 punished his absolute death sentence). In the current law, the slaughter of the subj More
        Through amending the Islamic Penal Code in 2013, article 234 of the Islamic Penal Code has been amended in relation to the punishment of the sodomy (which the Islamic Penal Code of 1370 punished his absolute death sentence). In the current law, the slaughter of the subject is conditional upon the condition of the guardian, the Onf or the non-applicable subject, and otherwise the penalty is considered to be one hundred whistleblowers. This great change in punishment has led us to look at the legal foundations of this article, in line with the provisions of the general rule of law, and the view that changing the punishment of this crime from severe to mild punishment would be a huge loss for society. Concerning the punishment of sodomy agents, we encounter two theories among the jurisprudents: the famous jurists believe that the punishment for sodomy in the case of anonymity and murder; in contrast to the unusual theory of jurisprudence that punish sodomy in the form of scapegoat, murder or furious, and if you do not know, he knows the creeps. In the article, which is based on the analytical method and using the library resources, criticizing the legislator regarding the disproportion between the sodomy punishment and the definition of sodomy, has examined the opinions expressed in jurisprudence and documented their validity. We believe that the punishment for murder for the subject is more consistent with the narrative and jurisprudential accuracy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        561 - The Epistemology of Identifying Instances of the Practice of Reasonable Persons
        Sajad SHahbaz GHahfarokhi
        10.22034/ijrj.2023.708078
        The Practice of Reasonable Persons is a universal behavior or mentality that, under identical circumstances and conditions, is adopted by erudite minds, regardless of their doctrinal and intellectual inclinations. This concept, which has gained a special status among sc More
        The Practice of Reasonable Persons is a universal behavior or mentality that, under identical circumstances and conditions, is adopted by erudite minds, regardless of their doctrinal and intellectual inclinations. This concept, which has gained a special status among scholars of the science of jurisprudence in the past two centuries, has sparked numerous discussions regarding its legitimacy and classifications. Among the foremost jurisprudents, discrepancies can be observed regarding the identification of instances of the Practice of Reasonable Persons. Understanding these instances must be considered as an inimitable simple task. This article aims to introduce and evaluate potential methodologies for identifying instances of the Practice of Reasonable Persons. Various approaches, such as referencing foreign legal systems, uniform and model laws, general principles of law, and the opinions of parliamentary representatives, have been scrutinized in this paper. Absolute rejection or endorsement of any one of these methods is a mistake. Instead, one can utilize the culmination of all these methods as a means to identify instances of Wisdom Praxis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        562 - Evaluation of probiotic and antifungal properties of the predominant LAB isolated from oat sourdough
        Fahimeh Hajinia A. Sadeghi A. Sadeghi Mahoonak M. Khomeiri Y. Maghsoudlou A. Moayedi
        10.30495/jfh.2020.671043
        Evaluation of probiotic and antifungal properties of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from different sourdoughs is so important to prepare microbial cultures for fermentation industries. In the present study, a predominant LAB was isolated from oat sourdough thro More
        Evaluation of probiotic and antifungal properties of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from different sourdoughs is so important to prepare microbial cultures for fermentation industries. In the present study, a predominant LAB was isolated from oat sourdough through the back-slopping process, and then it was identified using PCR. Subsequently, probiotic properties of the LAB isolate (including resistance to acid and bile, antibacterial effect, auto and co-aggregations capabilities, antibiotic susceptibility and hemolytic activity), as well as its antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger were studied. Sequencing results of the PCR products led to the identification of Pediococcus pentosaceus as predominant LAB isolated from oat sourdough. The survival rate of the LAB isolates after continuous acid and bile treatment was 59.80% in comparison with the control. The antibacterial effect of the LAB on Bacillus cereus was also significantly (p < /em><0.05) higher than the other studied food-borne pathogenic agents. Crude cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the LAB completely inhibited the growth of B. cereus, but reduced the growth of Salmonella enterica by 65.68%. Meanwhile, naturalized CFS of the LAB had no inhibitory effect on these bacteria. Furthermore, the LAB isolates had a proper co-aggregation with Escherichia coli, and showed resistance towards streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and vancomycin antibiotics. The LAB isolates had no hemolytic activity, and its antifungal effect on A. niger was also approved. Accordingly, P. pentosaceus isolate has proper potential to use as probiotic or preservative microbial culture in fermentation industries. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        563 - Antibacterial activity of zinc aluminate nanoparticles against foodborne pathogenic bacteria of E. coli and P. aeruginosa
        A. Taheri M. Ziaadini M. Gahramzei
        10.30495/jfh.2020.1885047.1250
        Materials in nanoscale dimensions have a high surface-to-volume ratio, and thus have better reactions with other materials. The development of nanotechnology over the past decades has opened up opportunities for discovering the antibacterial effects of metallic nanopart More
        Materials in nanoscale dimensions have a high surface-to-volume ratio, and thus have better reactions with other materials. The development of nanotechnology over the past decades has opened up opportunities for discovering the antibacterial effects of metallic nanoparticles. In this study, the antibacterial properties of nanoparticles on aluminate (ZnAl2O4) were studied on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Antibacterial activity was assessed by using the disk diffusion method on agar using nanoparticles on synthesized aluminate. The non-growth halo diameter indicates the sensitivity of bacteria to antimicrobials. The minimum inhibitory concentration of bacterial growth (MIC) and minimum bacterial leaching concentration (MBC) was measured by microdilution in sterile tubes. Statistical analysis was done by T-test. The results of this study showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitivity (16.06±1.8mm) was higher than E. coli (11.64±2.2mm) (p < 0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bactericidal concentration MBC of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bacteria MIC and MBC was lacking. According to the results obtained in this study, we conclude that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more sensitive to alumina than that of E. coli against nanoparticles. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        564 - Isolation and identification of some phenotypic features of Pseudomonas in poultry slaughter line
        H. Jafarzadeh H. Mirzaei Shahram Hanifian افشین Javadi J. Shayegh
        10.30495/jfh.2022.1959723.1357
        Pseudomonas are among psychrophilic bacteria and have been reported in various studies as the predominant spoilage bacterial in slaughter carcass. The aim of this study was to track Pseudomonas spp. from different stages of the slaughter line, slaughterhouse environment More
        Pseudomonas are among psychrophilic bacteria and have been reported in various studies as the predominant spoilage bacterial in slaughter carcass. The aim of this study was to track Pseudomonas spp. from different stages of the slaughter line, slaughterhouse environment and equipment and drop in the packaging. Characteristics such as pigment production, movement pattern and biofilm formation capability of the isolates were also determined. For this purpose, 108 samples were sampled from three industrial poultry slaughterhouses in Tabriz. According to the results, the highest contamination was detected in the samples of the floors, abdominal cavity of carcass and drip samples, respectively. The lowest contamination was observed in the samples related to drinking water, live chicken breast swab and scalder, respectively. The average movement of the Swimming type was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) higher than the two types of Swarming and Twitching movements. And in terms of pigment production, the dominant color was green. Moreover, most of the isolates were able to form biofilms and about 30% of the isolates had moderate and strong ability to produce biofilms. In conclusion, most of the Pseudomonas spp. contamination occurs through different parts of the slaughter line and also the equipment and environment of the slaughterhouse. Due to the biofilm production capacity of Pseudomonas isolates, the issue of proper and more effective washing and disinfection of the slaughter line and equipment is of particular importance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        565 - Investigating effect of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff powder on some microbial and sensation charactristics of Borujerd Domestic cheese
        صدریه Sameti وجیهه Fadaei Noghani
        Nowadays use of natural antimicrobial compounds such as herbal powders and extracts in food storage is important; therefore, in this study, the antimicrobial effects of plant powder Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff in at the levels of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 on preventing the grow More
        Nowadays use of natural antimicrobial compounds such as herbal powders and extracts in food storage is important; therefore, in this study, the antimicrobial effects of plant powder Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff in at the levels of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 on preventing the growth of mold, yeast and coliforms; as well as the, overall acceptability, pH and acidity of Borujerd domestic cheese samples during the cold storage were studied. For this purpose, raw sheep's milk was heated to a temperature of35-37°C, and fungal rennet was added at a rate of0.06%. plants powders studied, after blanching with steam, was added with fungal rennet to milk. After clotting for one hour at room temperature, curds were poured in to a clean cloth to squeeze. After 12hours, the curds were sectioned and transferred to12% salt water, and were stored at 4°C during 60 days.  The findings showed that with increasing the percentage of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff powder in cheese samples, the number of coliform and mold and yeast, titratable acidity and overall acceptability significantly decreased (p <0.05); and pH significantly increased (p <0.05). Finally, the sample containing 0.1% Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff had more utility in sensory properties than the others that containing it. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        566 - A comparative study of histopathological effects of aqueous extract of cinnamon and honey with sulfadiazine on skin burn wound healing in rats infected with Pseudomonas aeuroginosa
        Mohammadreza Valilou Sevda Valilou
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen, is the most common infective agent of burn wounds. The aim of this study was to compare the histopathological effect of a mixture of aqueous extract of cinnamon and honey with silver sulfadiazine on the healin More
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen, is the most common infective agent of burn wounds. The aim of this study was to compare the histopathological effect of a mixture of aqueous extract of cinnamon and honey with silver sulfadiazine on the healing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected second grade skin burn wounds in rats. To this end, 60 male rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (15 rats in each group). After inducing anesthesia, second grade burn wound with the diameter of 12 mm was created in the dorsal region of rats. Then, 1.5×108 cfu/ml P. aeruginosa PA01was equally bestrewed on the wound of all rats. Every 12 hours, silver sulfadiazine (group 1), honey (group 2) and aqueous extract of cinnamon and honey (group 3) were applied to the wounds and group 4 was kept as control. On days 7, 14, and 21, five rats were selected from each group at each time point and after inducing anesthesia and measuring the diameter of the wound by coliseum, microbial and histopathological samples were taken from the wounds. Microbial studies showed that in all groups except the control group, the growth of the microbe was stopped. Histopathological observations regarding wound healing and diameter showed that there was a significant difference between treatment groups and the control group on days 7, 14 and 21 (p<0.05). On the 21st day, the extract of cinnamon and honey group had superior wound healing than silver sulfadiazine group but inferior in comparison to honey. According to the results btained, it is possible to utilize honey and mixture of aqueous extract of cinnamon and honey for treatment of infected skin burn wounds. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        567 - Evaluation of oxidative stress in cattle with subclinical ketosis and clinical endometritis
        farhad Balari Mahyari maryam karimi dehkordi mohammadreza nazem
        10.30495/jvcp.2020.670410
        Today, the most important factor in the occurrence of metabolic and reproductive diseases in dairy cattle is the disturbance of natural process in body’s cellular-molecular events that occur after increasing of oxidants and the formation of oxidative stress. The a More
        Today, the most important factor in the occurrence of metabolic and reproductive diseases in dairy cattle is the disturbance of natural process in body’s cellular-molecular events that occur after increasing of oxidants and the formation of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of a significant association between the serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as oxidative stress indexes, with the incidence of subclinical ketosis and clinical endometritis in dairy cows. For this purpose, 101 Holstein dairy cows were divided into 4 groups (healthy, subclinical ketosis, clinical endometritis, and both of them subclinical ketosis-clinical endometritis), and serum levels of MDA and TAC were measured in one month before delivery. The lowest serum concentration of TAC and the highest plasma MDA levels were observed in cows with both of diseases, while control group (healthy cows) had the highest serum concentration of TAC and lowest MDA levels (P≤0.05). There was no significant difference in serum concentrations of TAC and MDA between clinical endometritis and subclinical ketosis groups (p>0.05). The results of this study demonstrated a significant correlation between serum concentrations MDA and TAC with the incidence of clinical endometritis and prevalence of ketosis-endometritis in dairy cows (P≤0.05). Conflict of interest: None declared.Keywords: Malondialdehyde, Total Antioxidant Capacity, Clinical Endometritis, Subclinical Ketosis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        568 - Study of the infestation rate of the kidney and spleen of domestic ruminants by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Urmia slaughterhouse
        سهراب Rasouli بهادر Hajimohammadi S.S Athari رضا Asadi مهران Mojarrad
             In this study, the prevalence of Linguatula serrata nymphs in kidneys and spleens of 800 domestic ruminants (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat) in different sexes, ages and seasons was investigated. First, the kidneys and spleens were examined macrosco More
             In this study, the prevalence of Linguatula serrata nymphs in kidneys and spleens of 800 domestic ruminants (cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat) in different sexes, ages and seasons was investigated. First, the kidneys and spleens were examined macroscopically. Then, a digestion method was also applied. Infestation rate in the spleen of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat were %0/5, %0, %0/5 and %1/5 respectively. No infestation was found in the kidneys. The results of this study shows that the infestation of domestic ruminants to Linguatula serrat nymphs in different sexes and ages were not significant. Also the infestation rate in different seasons was not significant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        569 - Post surgical adhesion prevention: Vitamin C or Satureja Khuzestanica
        ayda najafian azin alavi kambiz amjadigolpayegani sakineh dadipour ali safarimoradabadi soghra fallahi azita faramarzi
        Abstract    Abdominal surgeries can result in intra abdominal adhesions. Since Satureja Khuzestanica is used for its anti oxidant, anti lipid, anti inflammatory and anti bacterial effects, it might also play a role in preventing intra abdominal adhesion. Ther More
        Abstract    Abdominal surgeries can result in intra abdominal adhesions. Since Satureja Khuzestanica is used for its anti oxidant, anti lipid, anti inflammatory and anti bacterial effects, it might also play a role in preventing intra abdominal adhesion. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to assess the effects of this plant compared with vitamin C in the prevention of post surgical intra abdominal adhesions.Forty rats were used for this experimental study and were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 10 rats. Ten ml of 0.9% normal saline, 250 mg/kg vitamin C, 250 mg/kg Satureja Khuzestanica, and both vitamin C plus Satureja Khuzestanica were used for the first, second, third and fourth group, respectively. Mazuji classification and pathology assessment were used to grade the amount of adhesion. According to our findings, vitamin C in addition to Satureja Khuzestanica is effective in preventing abdominal adhesions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        570 - Psychometric Characteristics of Work Domain Goal Orientation Questionnaire Farsi Version in Iranian Teachers
        Yasser Rezapour
        This study was to Psychometric characteristics of work domain goal orientation questionnaire Farsi Version in Iranian Teachers. As a descriptive study, populations were all Ashkezar and Meybod city teachers, 448 ones were selected by categorical random sampling. Data we More
        This study was to Psychometric characteristics of work domain goal orientation questionnaire Farsi Version in Iranian Teachers. As a descriptive study, populations were all Ashkezar and Meybod city teachers, 448 ones were selected by categorical random sampling. Data were gathered by work domain goal orientation questionnaire (VandeWalle, 1997), Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (Weiss et al., 1967), and job performance questionnaire (Patterson, 1992) and then analyzed utilizing Pearson correlation and confirmatory factor analysis. Face validity was checked via item impact approach showing the appropriate face validity of questionnaire. Content validity was confirmed by CVI and CVR indexes. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three factor structure of the questionnaire including learning goal orientation, performance-prove, and performance-avoid. Correlation between this questionnaire, job satisfaction, and job performance showed the questionnaire possesses an appropriate divergent and convergent validity (p<.05). Finally, reliability of the questionnaire using test-retest method for learning, performance-prove, and performance-avoid goal orientation was.81,.76, and.75, respectively (p<.05) and using Cronbach alpha was.92,.88, and.85, respectively. It can be concluded Farsi version of work domain goal orientation questionnaire in Iranian teachers possesses an appropriate validity and reliability. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        571 - Designing a Brand Model in Social prodution to Improve Domestic Clothing Industry
        Sayed mousa Khademi MirzaHasan Hoseini Mohammad mehdi Parhizgar Fahime Askari
        10.30495/qjopm.2021.1910957.2953
        The present study aims to design a brand model in the social manufacturing efficiency of the domestic clothing industry. The present study has a descriptive-explanatory design. The qualitative data required for the interview were collected from social manufacturing acti More
        The present study aims to design a brand model in the social manufacturing efficiency of the domestic clothing industry. The present study has a descriptive-explanatory design. The qualitative data required for the interview were collected from social manufacturing activists in the textile industry. Sampling in this study was done using theoretical sampling method. To design a brand model in the social production efficiency of the domestic clothing industry, Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory was used. Based on the results of open and axial coding, the factors of communication networks, industry dynamics, branding goals and motivations, social production associations and authorities’ support are among the causal factors. Capacities of participation, brand development, legal frameworks, agile organizational structure, training capacities of branding and ideation capabilities in branding are in the category of requirements. Legal ownership challenges, management challenges, planning challenges and unpredictable developments are among the intervening factors. Also, custom manufacturing, improving the quality of services, improving relations with the target market, developing brand research activities, increasing organizational agility, developing ideas to increase brand power, developing partnership networks and integrating micro-social producers are among the most important strategies. Reducing costs, increasing profitability, optimal planning and development of communication channels are among the most important consequences of the research model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        572 - Providing an Effective Model for Optimum Performance of the Islamic Councils of Cities (Case study of Tabriz Islamic City Council)
        Gholamreza Memarzadeh Tehran Nader Bohlouli
        The present article primarily provides an effective model for optimum performance of the Islamic councils of cities according to fuzzy theory. In this dissertation, the Islamic councils of cities have been supposed as an open organizational system which has four main ac More
        The present article primarily provides an effective model for optimum performance of the Islamic councils of cities according to fuzzy theory. In this dissertation, the Islamic councils of cities have been supposed as an open organizational system which has four main activities as follows: intra-organizational, inter-organizational, extra-organizational and individual activities. In fact, the proposed model is an optimized  proportion of these  activities which maximizes the satisfaction of council beneficiaries (clients as direct  recipients of services and society as indirect receiver of services).(Of course the 4th activity has been assumed as the research limitation, so it has not been studied). In the proposed Model, at first a fuzzy system has been offered  for acquiring the favorable satisfaction  of council beneficiaries (outputs) on the basis of the types of activities and  their combination (inputs); then different  types of city Islamic councils' functions have been considered using different tools for gathering the information of Tabriz Islamic Council according to the available theoretical framework  and conforming to diverse activities mentioned before have been estimated in the form of the rate of concentration upon activities and satisfaction of clients of the councils. At the end of the present dissertation, on the basis of the optimized model and the real function of the council, the gap between available and ideal situation has been figured out, and finally, suitable suggestions have been offered for the improvement of the existing conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        573 - The effect of organizational wisdom on Job satisfaction with due attention to the Mediation role of emotional intelligence
        Behzad Shoghi Afsane Zamani Moghadam Parivash Jaafari
        The aim of this study was to investigate the effect oforganizational wisdom on job satisfaction with due attention to the mediation role of emotional intelligence among faculty members in Islamic Azad university of Tehran. The research method was Descriptive correlation More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the effect oforganizational wisdom on job satisfaction with due attention to the mediation role of emotional intelligence among faculty members in Islamic Azad university of Tehran. The research method was Descriptive correlational and an applied quantitative data. The statistical population included faculty members out of which 700 people were chosen through cluster random sampling method. All of them were full-time members. To collect the data three standard questionnaires i.e. organizational wisdom by Brown & Green (2006), Job satisfaction by Herzberg (1966) and emotional intelligence by Mayer et al (1999) were used.  The descriptive statistic such as (mean, standard deviation …) and inferential statistic (structural equation modeling) with the help of SPSS-21 and LISREL-v8.80 software were described.The results indicated that the proposed model was appropriate and the organizational wisdom had significant effect on job satisfaction with due attention to the mediation role of emotional intelligence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        574 - A Feasibility Study on Rationalizing the Government Size Program
        Nasser Mirsepassi Jafar Beikzad
        Change in Iranian administrative system is one the crucial issues. And in the recent years the necessary has drawn a lot of attention. Several actions have been taken and the "State's Septet Plan of the Change" in the Administrative System is a as example. This paper ai More
        Change in Iranian administrative system is one the crucial issues. And in the recent years the necessary has drawn a lot of attention. Several actions have been taken and the "State's Septet Plan of the Change" in the Administrative System is a as example. This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of one of these programs i.e. the Rationalizing Government Size Program and to identify the factors affecting its execution. In order to do so, the above mentioned program was divided into four programs and the affecting factors were defined based on John Child's power-control theory. According to the quartet factors and the defined indexes of the four programs, a matrix questionnaire was designed and after evaluating its validity and reliability, it was given to the swgects. The results were abridged and after classification they were analyzed using the inferential statistics tests (the single-group t-test and Friedman). The results revealed that the feasibility of the program is below average and the influential authorities in public organizations have the greatest role in leading this program to failure. Next, the heterogeneity of the interests of the decision-makers and the organizations, the dominant coalition and the subjectivity of the individuals' and organizations' decisions are placed successively as the effective factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        575 - A Study on the Domestic Violence among Families of Dehgolan City; With Emphasis on Violence against Women
        Saeed Khani Jamal Adhami Ali Hatami Javad Bani-Amerian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        576 - A Sociological Study of Media Effects on Youth's Domestic Values (Case Study: Youth of 15-29 Years Old in Mazandaran)
        Manouchehr Pahlavan Hoda Rezaei Roshan
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        577 - A Study on the Relationship between Religion and Violence towards Children and Parents
        Mohammad Yaghobi Doust Halimeh Enayat
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        578 - The ideal person, community and city from the Perspective of Allameh Tabatabai
        Roohollah Oshriyeh Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi Mohammadreza Pakdel Fard Aziz Javanpoor Hervi
        10.30495/jisaud.2022.694844
        Undoubtedly, Allameh Tabatabai is one of the greatest philosophers of the school of transcendental wisdom in the present, he tried a lot in explaining the theoretical framework and interpretation of this wisdom, and on the other hand, has thought and meditated a lot on More
        Undoubtedly, Allameh Tabatabai is one of the greatest philosophers of the school of transcendental wisdom in the present, he tried a lot in explaining the theoretical framework and interpretation of this wisdom, and on the other hand, has thought and meditated a lot on the social aspects and the relationship between society and the individual. It is remarkable. In most of his works, he expressed what and how the relationship between the individual and society is, which shows the importance of the subject for him. He believes that individuals and human society cannot be separated, and the necessity of being human is to be social, and a person reaches happiness, excellence and perfection when he is in society and has an active presence in it. This is important and vital for every member of the society regardless of whether they are men or women. This research with a qualitative approach, using the foundation's data conceptualization strategy, has examined the individual, society and the ideal city from the perspective of Tabatabai in the form of reviewing his authored books. The research method was qualitative and based on analytical-descriptive strategy based on library studies. Paying attention to the community while paying attention to the individual, social nature of man, attention to individual and social reason, cooperation and cooperation of society, the role and place of women in society and the collective movement towards perfection among citizens are some of the special issues of this philosopher's attention. Famous has been favorable for the individual, the community and the city. The main emphasis of the community and the ideal city in the thinking of this thinker is to monitor the progress of improving attention to the material and spiritual life of citizens and sufficient attention to spiritual and spiritual affairs in urban spaces Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        579 - Geometrical Analysis and Numerical proportions in the decorations and physical composition of Pir Bakran mausoleum
        Sajad Alizadeh Kafeshani Seyyedeh Marzieh Tabaeeyan
        Pir Bakran Mausoleum is the Tomb of Mohammad Ibn Bakran, one of the ascetics of Sofia which high ceiling is a link between the old man of wisdom and the sky. Pir Bakran Mausoleum is located in the city of the same name, 25 kilometers southwest of Isfahan. The tomb is on More
        Pir Bakran Mausoleum is the Tomb of Mohammad Ibn Bakran, one of the ascetics of Sofia which high ceiling is a link between the old man of wisdom and the sky. Pir Bakran Mausoleum is located in the city of the same name, 25 kilometers southwest of Isfahan. The tomb is one of the works of El-Jaito period (Soltan Mohammad Khodabandeh) and is located near the old Jewish cemetery of Isfahan and the holy Jewish cemetery (Astrakhaton). According to the inscriptions, Pir Bakran tomb was built between the years 703 (the year of Mohammad bin Bakran's death) and 712 AH. This building is one of the masterpieces of Ilkhani architecture. In the physical structure and decorations of this building, plasterwork with various plant motifs, tile decorations, moqrans and wall paintings have been taken. These decorations have been used to form a variety of plant, geometric, written and composite motifs. The purpose of this research is to investigate the wisdom of the origin of geometry and decorations in the Pir bakran tomb based on an analysis from the perspective of the Qur'an and traditions, the symbology of geometric shapes, the wisdom of the numbers used in the tomb based on the science of letters. This research tries to answer these questions: 1- In which parts of the building and in what form did semantic decorations and geometry appear? 2- What messages do the decorations and geometrical shapes in different parts of Pir bakran tomb carry? The research method is qualitative and descriptive-analytical based on library studies, documents and field studies of Pir bakran tomb inscriptions. The steps of the research method are as follows: first, field visits were made to the building and the construction periods of different parts of the building were separated; After that, the geometry of the spaces was evaluated and an attempt was made to understand the wisdom of their architecture by analyzing them. Also, by using the science of numbers and alphabets, an attempt was made to find a logical connection between the spaces. By analyzing the concepts of the inscriptions, an attempt was made to express their wisdom; Also, by studying the old photos and old maps prepared by Ernst Herzfeld and comparing it with the current situation, the restored and filled parts for the protection of the building were identified. The results of the research show that the concepts and meanings are in the form of geometry (such as turning a square into a circle), religious forms in the majority of blue sun and crucifix tiles, linear decorations and the use of divine verses and plant plasters, related to the use of each part of the building has emerged. The use of sacred numbers (4, 9 and 11), symbols and religious forms in the spatial and physical formation of the building has caused a spiritual connection between the earthly world (material) and light (spiritual) and the architecture of the shrine tries to reach the essence of earthly man. To display the sacredness of the Lord, which is the main goal of dervishes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        580 - The Impact of Tourism Destinations Social Responsibilities on the Their Brand Equity from Domestic Tourists’ Perspectives (Case Study:Tabriz City)
        jafar bahari Shahla Bahari Hamed bahari
        This study aims to the impact of tourism destinations social responsibilities on the their brand equity from domestic tourists’ perspectives in tabriz city has been done in the summer of 2019. This research, in terms of purpose is functional and based on data coll More
        This study aims to the impact of tourism destinations social responsibilities on the their brand equity from domestic tourists’ perspectives in tabriz city has been done in the summer of 2019. This research, in terms of purpose is functional and based on data collection, is descriptive survey. Also, It has been used structural equation modeling through the Smart Pls software to analyze data. The statistical population of this study includes domestic tourism who have traveled to Tabriz city in the summer of 2019.The data required for this research has gathered by questionnaire with Simple random sampling method through domestic tourism in the city of Tabriz. Since the size of the population is unknown, the Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size, which is 384.The provided results indicate that tourism destinations social responsibilities Tabriz city on the their brand equity and each of its dimensions has a significant and positive impact. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        581 - Analyzing and Comparing the Prominent Elements Including Nature, Imagination and Freedom in Literary Works by Lord Byron and Simin Behbahani with a Focus on the Relationship between and among These Elements
        Farzad Rostami Morteza Rashidi
        Romanticism is an important move in the history of art and global thinking. In the present study, nature, imagination, and freedom have been selected from among the significant elements of romanticism based on the high frequency in the poems by Lord Byron and Simin Behb More
        Romanticism is an important move in the history of art and global thinking. In the present study, nature, imagination, and freedom have been selected from among the significant elements of romanticism based on the high frequency in the poems by Lord Byron and Simin Behbahani. Taking the relationship between and among these elements into account, it could be seen that the tendency towards nature, imagination and freedom play basic roles compared with the other elements of romanticism. The results of a comparative analysis of the aforementioned elements show that, although different in terms of geography, history, culture, and gender, these two poets have some things in common which stem from a common understanding of the nature of romanticism. The results of the present descriptive-analytic study indicated that imagination is a basic issue linked with other poetic elements. Unlike Byron who cannot literarily configure freedom as a specific issue despite his great efforts, freedom could be found in Behbahani’s poems admiring woman as a gender. However, the relationship between these elements in the poem of both poets similarly show that nature is an eternal source for imagination while showing freedom whereas the very imagination represents the freedom of soul and thought in romanticism. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        582 - Analysis of the Nature and Concept of Freedom and Patriotism in the Poems of Aref Qazvini and Abolqasem Lahouti
        Ayoob Kooshan Roya Chehrebarghi Rostam Amani Astmal
        One of the most attractive themes in the literature of the constitutional era, which trapped the minds and language of that era's speakers, is the concept of freedom and patriotism. What they had never noticed before, and if they talked of liberty and patriotism, it was More
        One of the most attractive themes in the literature of the constitutional era, which trapped the minds and language of that era's speakers, is the concept of freedom and patriotism. What they had never noticed before, and if they talked of liberty and patriotism, it was a purpose other than the ideas and aims of the contemporary art poets.In the present study, we analyze the nature and concept of freedom and patriotism in the poems of ArefQazvini and AbolqasemLahooti. The research dimensions of ArefQazvini and Lahooti, are about the words of the poems of the above poets, the purpose of this research is to extract and explain examples of its text that embody the concepts of freedom and patriotism. The statistical population and the sample size are the whole poetry of Aref and Lahooti. The research method is descriptive - analytic and the method of data collection is library. The data collection tool is the research fish and the method of data analysis is content analysis. The findings and results of this study are as follows: the emancipation of the people and the homeland from the yoke of the colonialists and the denial of tyranny, the patriotism and the liberty of the working class, the patriotism and the liberation of the working class, the rancor, the farmer and the poor, from the oppression whichwere imposed upon them by the masters and the rulers of the era. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        583 - A Comparative Study of Love and Wisdom in Hafez's Poetry and Suhrawardi's Persian Works
        Mohammad Javid Sabaghian Reihaneh Vaez Shahrestani
        One of the most comparable common themes in Hafez's poems and Sheikh Ishraq's Persian works is the concepts of love and wisdom. As much as Suhrawardi as a sage has dealt with wisdom in his Persian treatises, the whole Divan of Khajeh of Shiraz is full of love and both, More
        One of the most comparable common themes in Hafez's poems and Sheikh Ishraq's Persian works is the concepts of love and wisdom. As much as Suhrawardi as a sage has dealt with wisdom in his Persian treatises, the whole Divan of Khajeh of Shiraz is full of love and both, in turn, had an opinion on the opposite meaning. If Suhrawardi is a sage who also depends on wisdom and love, Hafez is also a thoughtful poet who has not neglected the category of intellect and he has always criticized it in his poems. However, in Suhrawardi's collection of Persian works, only one treatise is dedicated to love. It is safe to say that he has completely explained about love and tells about it in different stages and levels and also the role and place of love in enlightened wisdom well. The authors have also used the treatise Fi Al-Haqiqah Al-Eshq (about truth of love) more than other treatises, because it is more comparable and compatible with Hafez's poems. A comparative study of Hafez and Suhrawardi's views on the categories of wisdom and love and discovering their place in cosmology and epistemology are the subject of this research. As a result according to Sheikh Ishraq, wisdom and love are necessary for each other. Love is the offspring of wisdom, and there is no other way than love to reach the whole intellect, which is closest to Nooralanvar. On the other hand, Hafiz seldom speaks of the sacred intellect, and except for a few verses, wherever he speaks of the intellect, he means partial intellect, and in comparison with intellect and love, what is most original to him is love. Despite their differences of opinion, these two thinkers are in agreement with each other in expressing the method of achieving Truth and in the preference of love over wisdom for achieving absolute beauty and perfection. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        584 - A Study of the Poetic Approach of Nasser Khosrow and Parvin Etesami to the Concept of Man
        Atefeh Aslani Rajauni Thoraleh Norouzi Davoodkhani Khodabakhsh Asadollahi, Mohammad reza Shadmanamen,
        Human states and emotions and the natural and moral effects that afflict man have long appeared in the field of literary works. The concept of "suffering" has long been represented in literary works. But in different eras, "suffering" has had different natures. Physical More
        Human states and emotions and the natural and moral effects that afflict man have long appeared in the field of literary works. The concept of "suffering" has long been represented in literary works. But in different eras, "suffering" has had different natures. Physical and material suffering are separate from the suffering of thought, and both are separate from the suffering caused by political and social losses. The present article explains the nature of suffering and its place in the old and new literature and tries to observe this theme in the poems of Naser Khosrow and Parvin Etesami with a comparative method and a descriptive-analytical approach. The results of the discussion show that the material aspect of suffering in Nasser Khosrow's thought is small and has been replaced by suffering due to the lack of thought and wisdom and spiritual suffering of man on earth due to his distance from God. Strike is not indifferent to these sufferings; but he also has a special view on the sufferings caused by political and social issues, as well as human loneliness in the new age. The turning point of the work of the two poets is suffering and ignorance due to irrationality, and the most important difference between them can be seen in this political and social dimension, which distinguishes Parvin from Nasser Khosrow in accordance with the horizon of thought and critical discourses of his time. he does. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        585 - Analysis Domination of the Beloved Over Lovers in the Manzoomeh Khosrow and Shirin Nezami of based on the Sociological Perspective of Lukacs, Bourdieu and Adorno
        Zahra Nourmohammadi Najafabadi Shahrzad Niazi, Mahboobeh Khorasani
        The poems of Khosrow and Shirin Hakim Nezami are among the famous Persian poems in the field of lyrical literature. The basis of the story is love. In this story, in which several loves are flowing, the position of the lover and the beloved is often shifting and fluctua More
        The poems of Khosrow and Shirin Hakim Nezami are among the famous Persian poems in the field of lyrical literature. The basis of the story is love. In this story, in which several loves are flowing, the position of the lover and the beloved is often shifting and fluctuating. The course of the story becomes sometimes normal and sometimes unconventional. One of the unconventional actions is the domination of the lover over the beloved. It was expected that in proportion to the gravity and magnetic field of the beloved, the proportionality of domination would be exercised in favor of the beloved, but; Contrary to expectations, we are witnessing fluctuations and changes in the position of our domination. In an interdisciplinary study using descriptive-analytical sources, documents and library tools, this study examines the nature and reasons for the fluctuation of lover domination in these systems from a sociological perspective, based on the views of George Lukács, Pierre Bourdieu and Theodore Adorno. Because; Behavior is derived from the psyche. This study also approaches psychoanalytic critique. Findings show: hegemony of power, class bases, objects and mentalities of society and the poet; the fluctuation of domination has been in favor of the upper classes, and this dialectic has led to a military attitude and approach to the fluctuation of domination. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        586 - The impact of diversification on risk reduction: using a mix of Merton model and random matrix approach to take into account non-stationary
        Zahra Eskandari Mirfeiz Fallah Shams Gholamreza Zomorodian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        587 - Prioritization of factors affecting the occurrence of slope movements and preparation of a zoning map of the risk of its occurrence using a new random forest algorithm (Case study: part of the catchment area of Latian Dam)
        Leila Ebrahimi
        The first and most important step in assessing the risk of sloping movements is to prepare risk maps for the occurrence of sloping movements. These maps are a final product that can be useful for land use planning. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the factors More
        The first and most important step in assessing the risk of sloping movements is to prepare risk maps for the occurrence of sloping movements. These maps are a final product that can be useful for land use planning. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the factors affecting the occurrence of slope movements and zoning the risk of its occurrence using a new random forest algorithm in the topographic map of 1: 50,000 Lashkark in the northern part of Latian Dam. According to the hydrological, topographic, geological, geomorphological and climatic characteristics of the region, the most important factors influencing the occurrence of slope movements are 9 indices of distance from road, fault, river, lithology, rainfall, altitude, slope, slope direction and land use as the most important. Factors affecting the occurrence of this type of movement in the region were considered. The results show that the three factors of distance from the fault, road and slope are three important factors in the occurrence of amplitude movements in the study area, respectively. In order to evaluate the prepared model, the relative performance detection curve was used. Based on the results of the rock curve, the value of the area under the curve in educational points is equal to 0.826 and in evaluation points is equal to 0.839 percent. Figure 9 is a very good evaluation of the stochastic forest algorithm in zoning the risk of slope movements using this model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        588 - Spatial analysis of landslide risk with emphasis on geomorphological factors using stochastic forest model (Case study: Larestan city in Fars province)
        Mohammad Ibrahim Afifi
        Due to the ability of data mining techniques, their application in the field of earth sciences has been widely developed. The purpose of this study is to zoning landslide sensitivity using stochastic forest algorithm in Larestan city, Fars province. Random forests are a More
        Due to the ability of data mining techniques, their application in the field of earth sciences has been widely developed. The purpose of this study is to zoning landslide sensitivity using stochastic forest algorithm in Larestan city, Fars province. Random forests are a modern type of tree-base that includes a host of classification and regression trees. The random forest algorithm is based on a bunch of decision trees and is currently one of the best learning algorithms. For the present study, information layers of slope degree, slope direction, altitude, slope shape, distance from fault, distance from waterway, distance from road, rainfall, lithology and land use as factors affecting landslide occurrence were identified and its maps in software. ArcGIS10 / 2 digit and were prepared. Then, using a random forest algorithm, the relationship between the effective factors and the location of landslides and the weight of each of them were calculated in R statistical software and finally transferred to the GIS environment to prepare a landslide susceptibility map. The results of evaluating the accuracy of the zoning method using the relative yield detection curve and 30% of the slip points not used in the modeling process, indicate the excellent accuracy of the random forest model with the area below the curve being 98.8%. The executive recommendation is to reduce the risk of stabilization of unstable areas and to avoid these areas; And any planning in the future development of the physical elements of urban infrastructure should be done with regard to the possibility of landslides. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        589 - Simultaneous effects of different levels of indole butyric acid and inoculation with growth promoting bacteria on some growth and biochemical traits of olive (Olea europaea L.) scion
        Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh Behzad Kaviani Seyyed Ahmad Mousavi Mohammadi
        In order to investigate the effect of different levels of IBA and strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, an experiment was conducted as factorial with completely randomized design containing two factors and three replications. In the first factor, the effect of th More
        In order to investigate the effect of different levels of IBA and strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, an experiment was conducted as factorial with completely randomized design containing two factors and three replications. In the first factor, the effect of three levels of IBA (0, 2000, and 4000 mg/ ml) and in the second one, the effect of two strains of P. fluorescens (R5 and R64) were investigated on olive (Olea europaea cv. conservaliya). Results showed that bacterial inoculation with R5 strains increased shoot and root dry weight, total dry weight, nitrogen concentration, and phosphorus uptake compared to control, but there was no significant difference between R5 and R64 strains in terms of total chlorophyll. The 2000 mg/ml IBA also increased shoot and root dry weight, nitrogen concentration, total chlorophyll, and total dry weight compared to control while the maximum phosphorus uptake was obtained at 4000 mg/ml IBA. The interaction of effects of IBA and bacteria in morphological characteristics and uptake and concentration of elements showed that maximum average were obtained at 2000 mg/ml IBA and R5 strain treatment. According to the obtained results, the application of both of 2000 mg/ml IBA and R5 strain for improvement in rooting is recommended. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        590 - Phytoremediation: A green achievement for purgation of darkness
        M. Farzamisepehr A. Hani
        This review focused on phytoremediation technology status with particular emphasis on plant extraction of soil contaminated with heavy metals. Unlike organic compounds, heavy metals are not biodegradable and treatment usually is done by separating them. Many current tec More
        This review focused on phytoremediation technology status with particular emphasis on plant extraction of soil contaminated with heavy metals. Unlike organic compounds, heavy metals are not biodegradable and treatment usually is done by separating them. Many current technologies, costly and limiting soil fertility, therefore, this action would cause negative effects on the ecosystem. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, aesthetically pleasing approach is suitable for developing countries. Despite this potential, phytoremediation, technology is commercially available in Iran. This article is about mobility, bioavailability and plant response to the presence of heavy metals in soil. Classify plants according to the mechanism of plant extracts is done.  Various techniques has been discussed to enhance plant extraction and subsequent use of phytoremediation. Since a large amount of biomass produced during the process of purification plants, disposal of biomass also requires proper management. Plants with high biomass contaminants through the food chain are elected to limit the non-edible, resistant to disease and able to provide renewable energy. Therefore, herbal extracts for use in the current situation of our country will be better than other methods.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        591 - The reaction of Eryngium campestre plant to glycine, nitroxine and humic acid and investigating the effect of its extract on dealing with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria
        Zeinab Nasrollahnejad Ghomi khodayar hemati Mehrdad Babarabie
        10.30495/ejmp.2023.1990721.1737
        Eryngium campestre is a biennial herbaceous plant native to northern Iran.  Nowadays, the use of chemical fertilizers has increased significantly, which has irreparable effects on the environment and human health.  The use of organic compounds and biofertilize More
        Eryngium campestre is a biennial herbaceous plant native to northern Iran.  Nowadays, the use of chemical fertilizers has increased significantly, which has irreparable effects on the environment and human health.  The use of organic compounds and biofertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers has recently received much attention. Also, it is more important to study about natural substances that contain more antimicrobial properties and less side effects, such as plant extracts. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted. This experiment was conducted in Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2019-2020 in a factorial format based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The treatments included: nitroxin (0, 1 and 2 ml/l), humic acid (0, 1 and 2 ml/l), glycine (0, 75 and 150 mg/l). The measured traits included total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity, total sugar, chlorophyll, carotenoid and activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes. The effect of glycine on the measured traits was significant except flavonoids and catalase enzyme activity at 5 and 1% levels. Also, the effect of nitroxin on the measured traits was significant at the level of 1%. The effect of humic acid on the measured traits was significant except for the amount of antioxidant activity, chlorophyll and catalase enzyme activity at the level of 5 and 1%. Also, the interaction effect of all three treatments on the measured traits except catalase enzyme was significant at 1% level. In general, the results showed that the treatments used in this research, individually and in combination (interaction effect), increased most of the measured traits. Also, an experiment was conducted regarding the effect of Eryngium campestre extract on the population of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The results showed that Eryngium campestre extract did not inhibit the bacteria. In general, the results showed that the used compounds can be used to improve the biochemical characteristics of the Eryngium campestre. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        592 - Evaluating subjective quality of urban housing based on inner and outer domains (Case Study: Bushehr City)
        Fatholah Akbarianfar Zohreh Hadiany Jahangir Heydari
        Examining living conditions in urban housing is necessary to maintain sustainable management of the cities. This research tries to survey the house of Bushehr citizens in both the inner and outer domains and provide solutions in this area. The Research Method in this pa More
        Examining living conditions in urban housing is necessary to maintain sustainable management of the cities. This research tries to survey the house of Bushehr citizens in both the inner and outer domains and provide solutions in this area. The Research Method in this paper is descriptive-analytical. Data was collected by a survey of 255 households with 5-point Likert scale entered in SPSS software version20. Nonparametric tests of Binomial and Spearman correlation were used to better understand the situation of domains affecting the quality of urban housing. The results indicate that in13 studied components of the two domains; just the qualities of the four components are unfavorable from the viewpoint of citizens and overall, 53% of residents are satisfied with the quality of their housing. It is recommended that according to priority, the quality of the road network, water, gas and recreational facility should be scheduled on the agenda to enhance the quality of Bushehrurban housing and then improvement of the other component of housing quality should be considered. Spearman correlation test results also shows a relationship between age and educational level of residents with some of the dependent variables in both the inner and outer domains. Therefore, it should not be ignored that the individual characteristics of citizens in the urban housing studies and projects are important. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        593 - آموزش مجازی زبان انگلیسی برای خانم های خانه دار ایرانی: تنظیم عاطفی , کنترل خشم و خشونت خانگی در کانون توجه 
        Sara Amiri Neda FatehiRad Valeh Jalali
        این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر آموزش مجازی زبان انگلیسی بر تنظیم هیجانی، کنترل خشم و خشونت خانگی زنان خانه دار ایرانی انجام شد. بدین منظور از طرح شبه آزمایشیِ پیش آزمون و پسا آزمون با گروه کنترل استفاده شد.از بین جامعه حدود 60 نفر از همسران ایرانی خانه دار از شهرهای مختلف More
        این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر آموزش مجازی زبان انگلیسی بر تنظیم هیجانی، کنترل خشم و خشونت خانگی زنان خانه دار ایرانی انجام شد. بدین منظور از طرح شبه آزمایشیِ پیش آزمون و پسا آزمون با گروه کنترل استفاده شد.از بین جامعه حدود 60 نفر از همسران ایرانی خانه دار از شهرهای مختلف ایران انتخاب شدند.شرکت کنندگان به طور تصادفی به دو گروهِ آزمایش و کنترل تقسیم شدند.داده‌های مورد نیاز از طریق ابزارهای زیر جمع‌آوری شد: نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه کنترل خشم که توسط Buss و Perry (1992) تهیه و اعتبار سنجی شده است. خشونت خانگی علیه زنان که توسط محسنی تبریزی تدوین و (1390) و توسط (گارنفسکی و همکاران، 2003)  در زبان فارسی ترجمه و نسخۀ فارسیِ پرسشنامۀ تنظیمِ هیجانی توسط (گارنفسکی و همکاران، 2003) تایید شده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی، آزمون نرمال بودن کولموگروف اسمیرنوف((Kolmogorov-Smirnov، آزمون لوین (Leven) و تحلیل کوواریان  (Analysis of Covariance) یک طرفه      ANCOVA) )   یافته ها تأثیر مثبت آموزش مجازی زبان انگلیسی را بر تنظیم هیجانی، کنترل خشم و خشونت خانگی زنان خانه‌دار ایرانی تأیید کرد. این یافته ها پیامدهایی برای مقامات آموزشی سطح بالا، مدیران اورژانس اجتماعی و محققان آینده دارد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        594 - Deconstruction of Cultural, Racial and Gender Dominance in Iranian Senior High School EFL Textbooks
        Ahmad Goodarzi Hiwa Weisi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        595 - Content Evaluation of Iranian EFL Textbook Vision 1 Based on Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy of Cognitive Domain
        Maryam Mizbani Hadi Salehi Omid Tabatabaei
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        596 - Rendering Strategies in Culture-Specific Items: Taboo Expressions in IRIB’s Dubbed Hollywood Movies
        Mahmood Hashemian Azizullah Mirzaei Maryam Hosseini
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        597 - Cultural Elements in the Translation of Children's Literature: Persian translation of Roald Dahl’s Matilda in focus
        Matin Abed Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        598 - Merits and Demerits of Domestication Procedure in Children’s Animations: A case study of two dubbed cartoons “The Incredibles” and “Barnyard”
        Fahimeh Mardani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        599 - Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers' Brain Dominance, Teaching Experience and their Teaching Style
        Somayeh Mazaheri Mohammad Ali Ayatollahi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        600 - Metaphoric Language Use in a Sample of Modern Political Discourse on Iran-West Relations
        Somayyeh Jafarnezhad Bahloul Salmani Hossein Sadegh Oghli
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        601 - Optimal Location and Determination of Fault ‎Current Limiters in the Presence of Distributed ‎Generation Sources Using a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
        Salman Amirkhan Mostafa Rayatpanah Ghadikolaei Hassan Pourvali Souraki
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        602 - Improvement of Quality Specifications of Light-Emitting Diodes based on ‎the Photonic Crystals
        Ali Kian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        603 - Designing the model of effective factors on empowering human resources based on the meta-synthesis approach and analysis and development of strategic options (SODA) in the water and waste water industry
        Akbar Sheidaei habashi , Soleyman Iranzadeh Houshang Taghizadeh
        10/jtihr.2023.1989242.1165
        The main goal of this research is to identify the key and strategic factors of empowering human resources in the water and sewage industry. In terms of purpose, this research is applied and developmental, and in terms of implementation method, it is considered part of d More
        The main goal of this research is to identify the key and strategic factors of empowering human resources in the water and sewage industry. In terms of purpose, this research is applied and developmental, and in terms of implementation method, it is considered part of descriptive survey research. In this research, firstly, by applying the meta-synthesis method, studies and articles related to the subject were examined, and with the opinion of the research team members and experts' approval, the model of human resource empowerment factors was designed.by using interviews and holding workshops, key and strategic factors were identified with the approach of analyzing and developing strategic options (Soda).this model has 29 factors in 3 dimensions. The results show that performance is the most key option and information sharing, job design and engineering, job conditions and suitability, creation of facilities, feedback, employees, promotion of job skills and training were considered as important issues respectively. In general, what distinguishes this research from other internal researches is providing a new and scientific framework of factors and identifying the most key factors that can be a guide for senior managers and decision makers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        604 - Etymology of Bishapur and Location Two Sassanian Monuments in Bishapur City on the Reports of Islamic Authors
        Ahmad Heydari
        Bishapur is the third city in Sassanid city built by Shapur 1th. The name of this city has been recorded in various reports of historians and documents derived from archaeological excavations. Many researchers have tried to adapt the name Bishapur and the works mentione More
        Bishapur is the third city in Sassanid city built by Shapur 1th. The name of this city has been recorded in various reports of historians and documents derived from archaeological excavations. Many researchers have tried to adapt the name Bishapur and the works mentioned in the existing documents to the works identified from archaeological excavations and sometimes to their derivation. The present research is based on the purpose of the research type and based on the nature and method of historical research. This research seeks to answer the question of what is the meaning of Bishapur and the two works identified in contemporary explorations called Temple of Anahita and the applicable hall for the name of the works mentioned by Islamic geographers? The present study concludes that the name of Bishapur does not mean the work of good or the Lord of Shapur. Bishapur is a correction of the word "Beit-e shapur" meaning Shapur's home or town, this name is prefixed in the name of many Sasanian cities. Also, according to studies, the name of the two famous fire temples, referred to as Early Eslamic by the names of Sheberkhashin and Gavsar dome, is actually the name of the two major buildings of Bishapur, respectively, building B (reception hall) and building A (temple Anahita Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        605 - Investigating how Reza Shah deals with the issue of modernity, Intellectuallity, and analyzing his cognitive behavior with intellectuals according to historical research and documents
        Mehrab Hatami manizheh Sadri Simin Fasihi Nazli Eskandari nezhad
        Intellectuals are among the social classes that create new forms of social, political, and cultural patterns and there is no denying the power of their transformation in society. The most important of an intellectual is their critical and questioning spirit and they als More
        Intellectuals are among the social classes that create new forms of social, political, and cultural patterns and there is no denying the power of their transformation in society. The most important of an intellectual is their critical and questioning spirit and they also show a tendency to fight against the established powers. Its constituent forces can be clerics, journalists, teachers, professors, party activists, and artists. The main demand of these intellectuals was the establishment of a new European-style law system, the re-identification and national traditions of Iran, prohibiting clerics from interfering in politics and establishing new political institutions based on national sovereignty, and creating a modern national government. In examining the position of these forces in the era of Reza Shah, mostly the forces critical of the government and outside Reza Khani's political apparatus have intended to comment. Reza Shah's period is one in which important developments in the public and higher education, as well as movements in the modernization of the education system and higher education occurred in Iran. As a result, the enlightenment phenomenon manifests itself on a larger scale. The government's critical behavior eventually led to Reza Shah's strong reaction to them till the intellectuals were either imprisoned or attracted to Reza Shah's apparatus and due to the lack of public base, they were unable to make a significant impact on developments. In addition, Reza Shah was not optimistic about intellectual activities and that got the intellectuals out of the way individually, either organizationally or in groups Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        606 - A Study of Iranshahr Magazine Discourse on Women
        hamzeh hoseini Mohammad Reza Alam
        After the Iranian society became acquainted with Western modernity, various currents and groups tried to change the status and rights of women through various methods, including the publication of newspapers and magazines. In this article, we tried to examine the discou More
        After the Iranian society became acquainted with Western modernity, various currents and groups tried to change the status and rights of women through various methods, including the publication of newspapers and magazines. In this article, we tried to examine the discourse of Iranshahr magazine towards women. Thus, the main question of the present official is what was the approach of Iranshahr magazine's discourse to the category of women and what effect did it have on the discourse of the first Pahlavi government towards women? The findings of this study show that the governors of Iranshahr in the context of the transition of Iranian society from the Qajar government to the first Pahlavi government considered the transformation of women and their progress as one of the manifestations of the modern nation government and in Reza Shah's modern plans and reforms They focused on the important issues and provided solutions such as inclusive education and training of women, enacting laws to change the rights and status of women, combating the status and traditional views about women and also following the example of Western nations in some cases to improve the status. As one of the pioneering magazines in addressing the issue of women, they had a significant impact on the thoughts and views of Iranians on the rights and status of women and led to effective steps in the evolution of society and government towards women in the first Pahlavi period.Keywords: Discourse, Iranshahr, Women, Progress, Freedom. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        607 - Investigating how the myth of the sun affects the animals associated with this myth in ancient Iran
        masoomeh rahnama haratbar mohammad karim yosef jamali Feyzollah Boushasb gousheh Ahmad Kamranifar
        In this research,how the myth of the sun affects the animals related to this myth in the period of ancient iran is investigated.The main question that has been raised and studied in this regard is how the myth of the sun has affected the animals related to this myth and More
        In this research,how the myth of the sun affects the animals related to this myth in the period of ancient iran is investigated.The main question that has been raised and studied in this regard is how the myth of the sun has affected the animals related to this myth and what factors have been involved in this matter?This article is a historical research and the method of collecting data is library and the method of compiling and writing is a descriptive-analytical.The results show that the myth of the sun is a symbol of the sun is a symbol of kingship and the animals associated whit this myth also show that power and kingship and a clear victory over darkneaa and light and life is the basis of the sun,which along with different religions of ancient iran.It plays an important role in determining the effect of the myth of the sun on solar and royal animals. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        608 - The Situation of Architecture in Sasanian Era and Its Difference with The Architecture of Achaemenid Era
        Mehdi Ramezani amirteymour rafiei hossein mohammadi
        The architecture of Sasanian era is, in fact, continuation and development of Parthian architecture and, at the same time, reminiscent of Achaemenid architecture. By the formation of Sasanian empire, Iran’s society began to thrive, and by articulation of a precise More
        The architecture of Sasanian era is, in fact, continuation and development of Parthian architecture and, at the same time, reminiscent of Achaemenid architecture. By the formation of Sasanian empire, Iran’s society began to thrive, and by articulation of a precise, effective plan regarding urban development, architecture, and industrialization of the society, it absorbed the attention of civilized Roman and Hellenistic world. The culture and art of Sasanian followed those of Achaemenid and Parthian. Sasanians tried to catch up with the Achaemenid culture. They showed their hegemony relative to prior eras in the arts of architecture, sculpture, plastering, and building domical arches as well as pillarless, vast halls. In architecture, reliefs, and sculptures of Sasanian era, differences and similarities, particularly in the topic and content, are seen compared to those of Achaemenid era. Sasanian dynasty founder, Ardashir I was the governor of Darabgerd, Pars before taking the throne and founded it and Gaur city, also known as Firuzabad, circularly based on the traditional architecture of Parthian era. In this article conducted with analytical-descriptive method, questions like “what were the building method, materials, and functions of buildings in Sasanian era?” and “what was its difference with Achaemenid architecture?” will be answered. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        609 - The Impact of Modern Understanding of Right in the Thought of the First Iranian Intellectuals in the Qajar Period
        Alireza Bahrami Reza Shabani sina forozesh
        Over the past two centuries, with the advent of modern issues of the West to Iran,political thought has undergone many changes in many other aspects of the Iraniansciences, and in many respects it has diverged from its earlier foundations and hasturned to some controver More
        Over the past two centuries, with the advent of modern issues of the West to Iran,political thought has undergone many changes in many other aspects of the Iraniansciences, and in many respects it has diverged from its earlier foundations and hasturned to some controversy over the past. Has introduced.One of the first debates discussed at the beginning of the introduction of moderndiscussions in Iran is the question of natural law. It should be noted that this discussionwas never considered by the intellectuals of Iran due to conflict with Shi'ijurisprudential compounds before the Qajar period. But in the early period, the Qajargovernment was considered as the starting point for the introduction of moderndiscussions into Iran by the Iranian intellectual movement, and they were discussing itin the light of their Western patterns in this regard.In this research, which has been written by historical method and review of previousdocuments, the author examines the issue of the emergence of modern understanding ofthe question of right in Iran and investigates the works of the first practitioners of thisdiscussion and its effects on the first thought Iranian intellectuals have been analyzed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        610 - the Influence of the Effective Shocks on Economic Growth in Iran with the Emphasis on Institutional Variables
        Samin Sobhi Morteza Sameti Sara Ghobadi Majid Sameti
        10.30495/eco.2021.1908749.2415
        Early economists have cited economic freedom as the basis for economic growth, and later economists have emphasized the role of inclusive political and economic institutions in creating and sustaining economic growth. The relationship between these two perspectives goes More
        Early economists have cited economic freedom as the basis for economic growth, and later economists have emphasized the role of inclusive political and economic institutions in creating and sustaining economic growth. The relationship between these two perspectives goes to the concept that the economic freedom shapes by economic institutions. Proper institutional of countries not only contributes to the growth and prosperity of their economies, but can also increase the power of countries in the face of economic shocks. Identifying the institutions’ situation of countries can help to adopt appropriate policies by governments and the private sector. In this study, by generalizing a structural model of Iran's economy as it includes the endogenous institutional function, attempt to measure the effects of effective shocks on the macroeconomic structure of the country with emphasis on institutional variables. The results show that the increase in oil shock has had a positive effect on the country's economic growth and institutions. This study had done for the period 1349-1399 by using GMM and Svar methods. The result of estimating the structural model shows that improvement of the institutional environment has affected most of the important variables of the Iran's economy, so improving the quality of institutions leads to increase in national product and reduces liquidity. Also, damaging institutional factors is related with increase in government size and inflation. Most of the impulses considered in the study had a significant effect on economic growth and institutional status of the country. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        611 - The effect of oil shocks on economic resilience in Iran
        najme alsadat robati Ali RaeispourRajabali Abdol Majid jalaee
        10.30495/eco.2022.1928522.2507
        In the field of the new Keynesian school, this paper has been specified and estimated by the method of stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model in the small open export economy, in accordance with the structure of Iran's economy. Using the simulation results of the More
        In the field of the new Keynesian school, this paper has been specified and estimated by the method of stochastic dynamic general equilibrium model in the small open export economy, in accordance with the structure of Iran's economy. Using the simulation results of the main model, while using the estimated parameters, the effects of oil shocks in recent years on selected macroeconomic variables have been evaluated. Determining the degree to which oil revenues affect economic indicators can, in addition to determining the degree of economic resilience, help policymakers determine future plans. The phenomenon of fluctuations in foreign exchange earnings from oil exports, due to the dependence of the structure of Iran's economy on oil revenues, affects all macroeconomic variables - both in the public and private sectors. Accordingly, it is proposed to reform the tax system and reduce dependence on oil revenues, diversify the government's revenue portfolio, commit to a balanced budget and prevent disproportionate growth of the monetary base, strengthen the role of the foreign exchange reserve fund and monetary discipline for the government. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        612 - Agent-based Simulation of Entry and Exit of Production Firms in Supplier-Dominated Industries
        Zahra Asadollahi Sohi Hossein Raghfar
        10.30495/eco.2023.1991962.2769
        This article explores how different factors influence the number and dynamics of firms in supplier-dominated industries. These industries are typically traditional, small, and depend on external suppliers for innovation. The article uses a hybrid simulation of system dy More
        This article explores how different factors influence the number and dynamics of firms in supplier-dominated industries. These industries are typically traditional, small, and depend on external suppliers for innovation. The article uses a hybrid simulation of system dynamics and agent-based modeling to capture the realistic assumptions that firms do not have complete market information and make decisions based on simple heuristics and past and current conditions. The article conducts experiments to examine how initial conditions, machine life, economic parameters, producer optimism, production growth rate, and demand elasticity affect the entry and exit patterns and the number of firms in the industry. The article uses variables such as the time to reach the peak number of firms, the number of firms at the peak, and the number of firms at the end of the simulation period to represent the shape of the industry distribution. The experiments show that the initial number of firms, demand elasticity, machine life, and financial resources have the most significant effects on the distribution shape, while other factors such as economic growth also have some nonlinear effects. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        613 - Comparison the Calibration of Call Option Pricing Models Based on Stochastic Volatility and Generalized Integral Transformation Technique
        Forough Lotfi Reza Aghajan Nashtaei Mehdi Meshki Miavaghi
        10.30495/eco.2023.1976840.2722
        The purpose of this research is to compare the calibration of options pricing models based on Stochastic Volatility and the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique. For this purpose, the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique based on fixed Volatility and H More
        The purpose of this research is to compare the calibration of options pricing models based on Stochastic Volatility and the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique. For this purpose, the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique based on fixed Volatility and Heston model based on Stochastic Volatility were used for pricing call options. In order to implement the proposed models, This research has used the call option data offered in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results showed that in the state of In-the-Money and At-the-Money, the Heston-based calibration works better than the Generalized Integral Transformation Technique in all maturity scenarios. In the case of Out-of-the-Money, although the calibration of the Heston model performs poorly in the short-term scenario, but as the time to maturity increases, the calibration of the Heston model has responded better than the Integral Transformation Technique in the mid-term and long-term scenario. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to develop the educational infrastructure and culturalization of options, the Department of New Financial Instruments of Tehran Stock Exchange Company can consider the model presented in this manuscript to calculate the key parameters of option contracts in different scenarios, And in this way, a more accurate valuation of option contracts can be obtained. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        614 - Iran and Qatar Cooperation in Gas Production from South Pars (North Dome) Gas-Condensate Field: A Game Theory Framework
        Elmira Bayati Bijan Safavi Amir Jafarzadeh
        Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnit More
        Abstract The purpose of this article is to examine the cooperation between Iran and Qatar in withdrawal of shared reservoirs of South Pars gas field (in Qatar: North Dome) by using game theory. The failure of a credible international agreement in determining the magnitude of the exploitation has led Qatar to become more promising by investing more in its oil and gas industries than Iran; this imbalance has caused a rash and pernicious competition. Following this incident, the main purpose of the paper is to examine the type of communication (cooperative or non-cooperative) through the game theory to achieve an optimal economic strategy for Iran. Results based on non-cooperative game design, solving methods through methods of elimination of dominated strategies (dominate strategies equilibrium), and Nash equilibrium showed that choosing the non-cooperative strategy is optimized for both countries and non-cooperation has more economic benefits for Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        615 - Impact of Economic Freedom on the Development of Banking Sector in Iran
        A. Shahabadi R. Davari Kish
        Abstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing More
        Abstract The most important aspect of financial development is the banking sector that has significant impact on the process of equipping the savings, identifying investment opportunities and diversifying the risk. Economic freedom is a determinant factor in developing the banking sector. The increase of economic freedom provides the setting of financial resources equipment, strengthens the sense of bank deposit in general population to guide them for limited capital in productive activities. Hence, in this study, the impact of economic freedom index on the development of the banking sector in Iran during 1980-2011 will be discussed. The results represent that economic freedom and its components have a significant and positive relationship to the development of banking sector. Also, based on the results, the estimation of the impact of central bank foreign assets on monetary base and Real interest rate on the development of banking sector is positive and significant. Also, the effect of public sector debt to central bank on monetary base is negative but significant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        616 - Economic Growth in the Middle East Countries
        amirreza souri mohammad hassan sabouri deilami javad attaran
        The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between crude oil demand and economic growth in Middle East by panel unit root and co-integration developed techniques during 1980-2007. By developing a model, the crude oil demand, oil price and GDP and their gro More
        The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between crude oil demand and economic growth in Middle East by panel unit root and co-integration developed techniques during 1980-2007. By developing a model, the crude oil demand, oil price and GDP and their growth rates will be explained. In continue, we are going to estimate two various models for oil demand function and the effect of economic growth on Middle East oil demand. The findings represent that the demand function is asymmetric in respect to price and income. Also, economic growth rate is the most important factor for increasing crude oil consumption in Middle East countries. On the other hand, these countries’ oil demand elasticity based upon the price and income is low, but income elasticity is higher than price. However, the findings suggest that oil demand is more important than economic growth. It is because of these countries’ disability in replacing crude oil by new energy sources.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        617 - Investigating the Effects of Governmental Expenditure Shock on Gross Domestic Product Growth in Iran: ARDL Approach
        jafar haghighat nazila moharam joudi
        The aim of this paper is investigating the effects of governmental expenditure shock on GDP in Iran’s economy.  In order to achieve this aim, at first, the model of effective factors on governmental expenditure has been explained, and governmental expenditure More
        The aim of this paper is investigating the effects of governmental expenditure shock on GDP in Iran’s economy.  In order to achieve this aim, at first, the model of effective factors on governmental expenditure has been explained, and governmental expenditure shock is captured by the model residuals. Then the model of effective factors on GDP is estimated from 1971 to 2014. In estimating the models, autoregressive distributed Lag (ARDL) approach has been used. According to the results, the effect of governmental current expenditure on GDP is not significant. But lagged government expenditure shock has a positive and significant impact on GDP.  Error correction term is negative and significant, and indicates that when a shock occurs, 12 percent of short term imbalance is adjusted each period, to reach the long term equilibrium. It is purposed to government not to increase own expenditure, since this can cause an inverse relationship between government expenditure and GDP and it reduces economic growth. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        618 - Investigating the effect of swimming exercise and vitamin D consumption on B-catenin/TCF signaling pathway in endometriosis model rats
        Shahrbano jaafari hajar abbaszadeh parvin farzanegi Leila zameni
        The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of swimming exercise and vitamin D consumption on β-catenin /TCF signaling pathway in endometriosis model rats. In this way, the number of 30 8-week-old male Wistar rats with an average weight of 202.85&plu More
        The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of swimming exercise and vitamin D consumption on β-catenin /TCF signaling pathway in endometriosis model rats. In this way, the number of 30 8-week-old male Wistar rats with an average weight of 202.85±15.62 grams after induction of the model by transplanting the tissue around the endometrial region randomly into 6 groups; healthy control(n=5), Sham (normal saline solution to control the effect of eating the gavage)(n=5), endometriosis(n=5), endometriosis+vitamin D(n=5), endometriosis+swimming(n=5), endometriosis+swimming+ vitamin D(n=5). The amount of vitamin D consumption was 200 mg/kg per body weight of each rat, and the swimming training program was for 8 weeks, five days a week, and every day for 30 minutes. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the expression level of β-catenin and TCF genes was significantly higher in the endometriosis group than in the healthy control group (p=0/007, 0/035).Swimming, vitamin D and a combination of swimming+D were associated with a decrease in β-catenin and TCF gene expression.In general, the results of this research indicate that the regulation of β-catenin and TCF gene expression in a normal state in the process of endometriosis can improve the level of this disease, and possibly swimming exercises and taking at the same timevitamin D will be effective in the normal state of the β-catenin/TCF pathway. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        619 - Presenting financial bankruptcy risk prediction model of stock and transborder companies using machine learning algorithms
        Mohsen Aali Seyed Alireza Mirarab Baygi Nima Farajian
        Bankruptcy or business failure can have a negative impact on both the company itself and the global economy. In this research, the financial bankruptcy risk prediction of stock and transborder companies has been done using machine learning algorithms, Where the ultimate More
        Bankruptcy or business failure can have a negative impact on both the company itself and the global economy. In this research, the financial bankruptcy risk prediction of stock and transborder companies has been done using machine learning algorithms, Where the ultimate goal is to predict the financial bankruptcy risk of stock exchange and transborder companies. Collective learning is a field of machine learning in which instead of using a model to solve a problem, Use multiple models in combination to increase the output estimation power of the model. Each model is retrained using optimal features. As a result, the accuracy of predicting machine learning model by Stacking method, which is one of the strongest techniques of collective learning, To predict financial bankruptcy risk is higher than similar methods. Investors always want to prevent the deterioration of their capital by anticipating the possibility of a company's bankruptcy. Therefore, they are looking for ways to predict the bankruptcy of companies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        620 - Robust Digital Image Watermarking against Cropping and Salt & Pepper Noise using two-step Sudoku
        Mohammad Shahab Goli Alireza Nsghsh
        Several methods are exploited to watermark digital images as a safety measure for storing information, but an attacker can destroy the information by cropping a segment of the watermarked image or doing salt and pepper noise. In recent years, numerous schemes were propo More
        Several methods are exploited to watermark digital images as a safety measure for storing information, but an attacker can destroy the information by cropping a segment of the watermarked image or doing salt and pepper noise. In recent years, numerous schemes were proposed that reduce the impact of such attacks. A new method has been proposed to confront cropping attack and salt and pepper noise that is carried out using two Sudoku tables. In this method, the watermark image is scattered in two Sudoku table layouts with different solutions and is watermarked in the host image with Least Significant Bit(LSB). Using this method, the watermark image is repeated 81 times in the host image, and to this effect the watermark image can be reconstructed using other segments when cropped or salt and pepper noise by the attacker. Both Sudokus used in this paper are in the classic 9x9 form and using this method, resistance to cropping attacks increases up to 98.8% and resistance to salt and pepper noise increase up to 80% Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        621 - Robust Digital Image Watermarking Against Cropping Using Sudoku Puzzle in Spatial and Transform Domain
        shadi saneie Alireza Naghsh
        With rapid development of digital technology, protecting information such as copyright, content ownership confirmation has become more important. In image watermarking, information of the image is inserted such that the visual quality of the image is not reduced and the More
        With rapid development of digital technology, protecting information such as copyright, content ownership confirmation has become more important. In image watermarking, information of the image is inserted such that the visual quality of the image is not reduced and the receiver is able to get the required information. Some attacks such as image cropping, destroy the watermark’s information. In this article, a new watermarking scheme is proposed which is robust against tough cropping. In the proposed scheme, classic Sudoku table which is a 9*9 table, has been used. One feature of Sudoku table is that Sudoku's limitations cause uniform scattering of symbols or numbers throughout the table. In the proposed scheme, Sudoku table and both watermarking approaches based on spatial domain and transform domain such as DCT and DWT are used. Lack of using of soduko solution at the stage of extraction and finding correct solution to obtain watermark, is innovation of this scheme. Robustness of watermarking against cropping attack is up to 92%, which shows good and effective performance of the proposed scheme. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        622 - Identification of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Patients Using Wavelet-Based Features of EEG Signals
        Sahar Karimi Shahraki Mahdi Khezri
        Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurological and psychiatric disorder which causes to attention deficit, anxiety, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviors. ADHD is more common in children and directly leads to their learning disability. The aim of this More
        Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurological and psychiatric disorder which causes to attention deficit, anxiety, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviors. ADHD is more common in children and directly leads to their learning disability. The aim of this study was to accurately identify ADHD patients by using wavelet-based features of brain signals (EEG). Recorded EEG signals from 61 children with ADHD (diagnosed according to the DSM-IV criteria) and 60 healthy controls in the age range of 7-12 years were used to design the system. In the proposed method by applying wavelet transform, EEG signals were decomposed into subbands; for the time version of the signals in each subband, the temporal and statistical features were calculated. The reduced feature set by principal component analysis (PCA) method was then used to train the classification unit to identify ADHD patients from healthy individuals. To obtain the desired results, different types of wavelet functions and decomposition levels were investigated. The bior3.1 wavelet function with the support vector machine (SVM) classifier and the rbio1.1 wavelet function with the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classifier presented the best performance with the recognition accuracy of 98.33% and 99.17%, respectively. The SVM classification method with radial basis kernel function (RBF) and the kNN method with the number of nearest neighbors, k = 3 obtained the best results.The results obtained in this study compared to the results reported in previous studies showed at least a 2% improvement in the recognition accuracy of ADHD patients. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        623 - Investigation of Using Anti-Reflecting Coatings in CZTS Solar Cells to Enhance the Light Absorption: Optimization by FDTD Method
        Mina Mirzaei Javas Hasanzadeh Ali Abdolahzadeh Ziabari Mehdi Mirzaei
        In the few past years, Solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) are very promising thin-film solar cells due to their appropriate absorption coefficient and optical band gap, low-cost, non-radioactive and environmental friendly behavior. However, CZTS devices show poor eff More
        In the few past years, Solar cells based on Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) are very promising thin-film solar cells due to their appropriate absorption coefficient and optical band gap, low-cost, non-radioactive and environmental friendly behavior. However, CZTS devices show poor efficiency and identifying deficiencies and making improvements is necessary. In the present study, various anti-reflection coatings at the top surface of the solar cell were proposed. Minimization of the reflectance is carried out to optimize the thickness of ARC layers using Lumerical software. The density of the short-circuit photocurrent increases from 18.4 mA.cm−2 for solar cells without an antireflection coating to 36 mA.cm−2 for those with MgF2 layer coating. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        624 - Design of Robust Reset Controller Based on Optimal After Reset Performance to Improve the Performance of an Industrial Robot Control
        Maryam Jeddi-Golfazani Mohammad Vahedi Majid Gandomkar
        Standard PID controllers are one of the most desirable controllers for industrial automation and the most widely used control in feedback systems. However, linear controllers have limitations that represent­tation controllers can be used to overcome these limitation More
        Standard PID controllers are one of the most desirable controllers for industrial automation and the most widely used control in feedback systems. However, linear controllers have limitations that represent­tation controllers can be used to overcome these limitations. In this paper, a robust reset control based on optimal output feedback to control a robot with two degrees of freedom. In general, the behavior of reset controllers is similar to that of linear controllers, in other words, they are easy to implement. In this regard, in this paper, by introducing a special combination control called robust reset output feedback control, the disadvantages of the linear controller are eliminated and its main purpose is to reduce overexposure and increase the response speed and better stability of the controlled system. Therefore, this paper introduces a systematic method for reset optimal output feedback controller. To do this, an optimal output feedback controller is first designed without the reset action, so that the poles of the closed-loop system are located in a predefined area. This area is selected to ensure the stability of the exponential and the arrival time of the closed loop in a finite time. Then, the reset value at reset times is designed to minimize a cost-effective function for better performance. In this paper, for the first time, the reset value is specified only with the system output information and then the stability of the system will be guaranteed. The robot used in this article is a practical and industrial example that has two arms and two joints with separate control capability. The position and behavior of the arms based on the governing equations and mathematical relations indicate its direct effect on each other. Finally, to prove the proposed design, numerical simulation will be performed using Matlab software and a comparison between the proposed controller and a similar controller will be performed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        625 - Definition of Scatterer in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Environment Using Image Processing Based on FDTD Method
        Mahmood Falah Ali Reza Malahzadeh
        In this paper, we implement real irregular terrain model in computer program by using image processing. We show how this approach can be used in simulation of E.M. wave propagation on irregular earth’s surface in a realistic manner. Some simulations are performed More
        In this paper, we implement real irregular terrain model in computer program by using image processing. We show how this approach can be used in simulation of E.M. wave propagation on irregular earth’s surface in a realistic manner. Some simulations are performed for implementation of longitudinal height differences over the propagation path as PEC surface .We also describe that how this approach can be used for any boundary condition in computational space. The results observed in Snapshots of the field profiles taken at different simulation times, validates capability of this method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        626 - A New Approach in Designing Multi-Layer Frequency Selective Surfaces based on Tuning Pole-Zeros of Individual Layers
        Mahmoud Fallah Ali Abdolali
        In this paper, a new approach (not new technique) is introduced for designing frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). We try to compose the desired frequency response using the frequency response of each constituent FSS. Also, a new dual-band miniaturized frequency selecti More
        In this paper, a new approach (not new technique) is introduced for designing frequency selective surfaces (FSSs). We try to compose the desired frequency response using the frequency response of each constituent FSS. Also, a new dual-band miniaturized frequency selective surface is proposed. In contrast to the conventional FSS design technique, the presented structure takes advantage of non-resonance elements and has unit cells with a miniaturized dimension. The proposed FSS cells are composed of two complex and inductive planes that act as a dual-band filter through the pass of electromagnetic wave propagation. The performance of this structure toward various angles of incident waves and different polarizations is stable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        627 - Measuring the level of satisfaction with respect to the quality of services provided by the local tourist destination (Case of Study: Mashhad City)
        Rostam Saberifar
        Tourism managers in Mashhad claim that the city's tourism planning process is now emphasizing on the revealed needs rather than expressed needs, and this has increased the satisfaction of tourists in the city. In order to test this assumption, the purpose of this survey More
        Tourism managers in Mashhad claim that the city's tourism planning process is now emphasizing on the revealed needs rather than expressed needs, and this has increased the satisfaction of tourists in the city. In order to test this assumption, the purpose of this survey was to determine the degree of satisfaction with the quality of services provided in the city. The research method is descriptive and analytical. The required information was obtained through a researcher-made questionnaire from a sample of 670 people. Collected data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman, Chi-square and single-sample t-tests. The findings indicate that tourists are largely satisfied with the socio-cultural and environmental conditions and infrastructural facilities and tourists with different educational backgrounds have the same views regarding satisfaction of tourism conditions. Also, there is no significant relationship between the length of stay of tourists and their level of satisfaction with tourism conditions. The level of satisfaction of domestic tourists is high with respect to the host society and there is a significant difference between the attitudes of tourists in this regard. Moreover, tourists with different educational backgrounds have different views on how to deal with the host community. Based on these results, the authorities' claims regarding the evolution of the service delivery system to tourists cannot be ignored. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        628 - Leveling the nature attractions of Hormoz Island using Peralong model
        Emad Esteki Amir Gandomkar Alireza Abbasi
        A very important part of tourism activities in the world is based on enjoying nature, and areas that have more valuable natural resources are given more attention in this field. In this research, using Peralong model, Hormoz Island nature tourism was prioritized. This r More
        A very important part of tourism activities in the world is based on enjoying nature, and areas that have more valuable natural resources are given more attention in this field. In this research, using Peralong model, Hormoz Island nature tourism was prioritized. This research is applied based on purpose and descriptive-analytical based on nature. The results show that by combining 5 main criteria of physical beauty, scientific criterion, historical-cultural criterion, socio-economic criterion, land form criterion, distance criterion, access criterion and coverage criterion, the final ranking was prepared in Vikor operator. In Pralong method, by combining 4 criteria of aesthetic value, scientific value, historical-cultural value and socio-economic value and 2 criteria of productivity quality value and productivity value, the total value of each landform was calculated and then prioritization was done accordingly. . In this method, the sculpture of the Statue Valley and the Rainbow Valley are of the highest value and the mangrove forest and salt cave are of medium value, and the Red Beach, Tombak Beach, Colorful Cave, Turtle Beach, White Valley, and Sandy Beach are of low value. The statue valley and the rainbow valley have gained high ranks in the two criteria of scientific value and physical beauty of the projected place compared to other criteria. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        629 - The development of The Qur’anic idea “al-Shahid” from Court Witness to the Martyr: Quranic background for the formation of the concept
        Ashraf Montazeri Hamed Khani (Farhang Mehrvash)
        The formation of Islam, like all other great and historic movements, was owed to many sacrifices. Thus, from its earliest days, selfless death was considered an important value for the advancement of the sacred ideal. The metaphor of "death in the way of God" was used i More
        The formation of Islam, like all other great and historic movements, was owed to many sacrifices. Thus, from its earliest days, selfless death was considered an important value for the advancement of the sacred ideal. The metaphor of "death in the way of God" was used in the Qur'an to refer to this death; A Metaphor that lost its widespread use to indicate this meaning in favor of another meaning, and from the distant past whose exact time we do not yet know, the term of "martyrdom or Shahadah" took its place; The term in the post-Qur'anic Arabic language means to testify in court cases, and most of its Qur'anic uses are translated in the same sense. It is not easy to see the similarities between self-sacrificing death and the testifying which caused the use of this metaphor, we also do not know the period in which such replacement took place, and the steps that led to the application of such a term for sacred death. Searching for the applications of the interpretation of the martyr and his family in the Qur'an from a critical point of view and understanding the meaning of the Qur'anic “Shahadah” to analyze the causes and elements and grounds for establishing the mentioned replacement is the subject of this study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        630 - The Qur'an's encounter with slavery in the linear path of descent
        ahmad rabbanikhah Farzad Dehghani mohammad alimohammadi
        One of the main characteristics of the Qur'an in the struggle against the ignorant traditions is the gradual view of the linear path of revelation, and this is important due to paying attention to the requirements of the time, the audience, and ultimately the establishm More
        One of the main characteristics of the Qur'an in the struggle against the ignorant traditions is the gradual view of the linear path of revelation, and this is important due to paying attention to the requirements of the time, the audience, and ultimately the establishment of rulings.One of these issues is the issue of slavery and the rulings related to it that the present study seeks to answer the questions with a descriptive-analytical method and library-citation collection tools, why the Qur'an did not suddenly order the release of slaves? And how does the Qur'an depict the freedom of slaves in the line of descent? The findings of the study indicate that the gradual sentence of slavery was issued based on the conditions of the society of that day to prevent the disruption of the economic, social and political order of the society of that day.The Qur'an's confrontation with slavery is divided into the first, middle and final stages. The first stage involves four steps: the enthusiasm for freeing slaves, loving and cherishing a slave, calling for equality between masters and slaves, and allowing slaves to marry free men. The intermediate stage consists of four steps: spending wealth to free slaves from good deeds, the social superiority of believing slaves over free polytheists, freeing slaves at the hands of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        631 - In silico Analysis of Inhibitory Potential of Major non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs against Las-quorum Sensing Circuit in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
        Hossein Zahmatkesh Behnam Rasti
        10.30495/bioem.2022.704264
        The emergence of drug resistance, therapeutic failure, and the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are primarily attributed to biofilm formation and quorum sensing (QS) dependent virulence factors. The antimicrobial potential of some non-steroidal anti-infl More
        The emergence of drug resistance, therapeutic failure, and the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are primarily attributed to biofilm formation and quorum sensing (QS) dependent virulence factors. The antimicrobial potential of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, has been determined in laboratory studies. Herein, a docking analysis was conducted to examine the interaction between seven NSAIDs and the proteins of the Las system. Initially, the three-dimensional structure of selected NSAIDs (Diclofenac sodium, Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen, Mefenamic acid, Meloxicam, Naproxen, and Tenoxicam), and natural ligand of LasR (3-oxo-C12-HSL) were retrieved from PubChem database. Also, crystal structures of LasI Synthase and transcriptional activator protein LasR were obtained from Protein Data Bank. Subsequently, the molecular docking analysis utilizing AutoDock Vina software was employed to investigate the capability of the selected NSAIDs to inhibit the LasI/LasR receptor. Based on our findings, the majority of the selected NSAIDs exhibited favorable interactions with LasI/R proteins. Moreover, ketoprofen exhibited the strongest interactions with both proteins. In summary, this work suggested that NSAIDs, especially ketoprofen and naproxen, have promising potential as candidates for further in vitro and in vivo investigations to inhibit the QS circuits of P. aeruginosa. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        632 - Biological Removal of Zinc from Automotive Hazardous Paint Sludge: a comparison between an endogenous Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolateand Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans PTCC1692
        Fatemeh  Honarjooy Barkusaraey Roya Mafigolami Gholam Khayati
        10.30495/bioem.2022.698186
        Research on the hazardous waste of paint sludge is mostly focused on recovering the sludge and pollution control with methods such as solidification. This research aimed to study the comparison of biological removal of zinc from paint sludge using a native Pseudomonas a More
        Research on the hazardous waste of paint sludge is mostly focused on recovering the sludge and pollution control with methods such as solidification. This research aimed to study the comparison of biological removal of zinc from paint sludge using a native Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans PTCC 1692. Samples of water-based paint sludge were collected under aseptic conditions. Isolation of endogenous strains was performed in the Bushnell-Haas (BH) medium from paint sludge, and A. thiooxidans PTCC 1692 was cultured in the medium 119. Optimization of the process parameters for the biological removal of zinc was performed using the design of the experimental (DOE) method for both organisms. The results showed that A. thiooxidans is capable of biological removal of zinc with a higher pulp density and with a more extended bioleaching period. The results of the chemical analysis show the removal of zinc metal by 57.76% compared to P. aeruginosa by 36.39%, and, the removal of other metals such as Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd were observed in the residual sludge from the process. Energy Disperse X-ray analysis (EDX) showed the more favorable effect of this bacterium in reducing heavy metals. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        633 - The Human Genome Project with an Approach to the Ethical Perspective and Human Freedom
        Amirreza  Mahmoudi Abbas Taghvaee Seyedeh Mahshid Miri Balajorshari
        10.30495/bioem.2022.695035
        In this research, the results of the Human Genome Project (HGP) and the possible ethical problems it may cause were evaluated through concrete examples. The study has tried to reveal in detail how the social rights and freedoms, ethics, social norms, and values of the i More
        In this research, the results of the Human Genome Project (HGP) and the possible ethical problems it may cause were evaluated through concrete examples. The study has tried to reveal in detail how the social rights and freedoms, ethics, social norms, and values of the individual will be affected and where the borders will begin and end in the event of the potential risks that HGP carries. Discussions have been made on the problem that the individual can be instrumentalized and turned into a commodity as a result of genetic interventions, and unfortunately, it has been determined that genetic interventions are in a structure that can lead to an intervention in the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. This study aims to show the usage areas of the human genome project and to examine the results of this project in terms of the ethical consequences of the techniques and applications used. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        634 - Investigating the Severity of Environmental Stress Conditions on Growth, the Protein Profile and Biochemical Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853
        Azita Tisheyar Moahmmad Faezi Ghasemi Nour  Amirmozafari
        10.30495/bioem.2022.695367
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of nosocomial infections, and is resistant to most antibiotics, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different stress conditions on growth, the protein profile, and biochemical characteristics of this bacterium. The cells More
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of nosocomial infections, and is resistant to most antibiotics, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different stress conditions on growth, the protein profile, and biochemical characteristics of this bacterium. The cells of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 in the logarithmic phase were exposed to different stress factors such as sucrose concentration, ethanol, acid, osmotic pressure, and CoCl2. Following each stress condition, the growth and the survival of bacterial cells were determined. Microscopic observation showed morphological changes in different stress conditions. P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 tolerated up to pH 3, 55% (V/V) ethanol, and CoCl2 up to 7% (W/V), and beyond these amounts, the bacterium lost its ability to survive. Maximum tolerance to sucrose was about 35% (W/V). The results showed that different stress conditions could not effect on the main biochemical characteristics of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Scanning electron microscopy of the cells exposed to different stress conditions showed wide changes in the morphology of cells. In addition, upon treatment of different stresses, significant changes were observed in the protein profile of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 according to SDS-PAGE analysis. It can be concluded that severe environmental stresses have great effects on the growth pattern, phenotypic characteristics, and protein profile of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. If the stresses are induced all at once, they will cause death, but if they are affected slowly and for a longer period, most bacteria will be able to repair the damaged parts, and the growth of will resume. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        635 - The Impact of Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the Growth of Melissa officinalis
        Elham  Karami Monir  Doudi Zahra  Rezayatmand Ladan  Rahimzadeh Torabi
        10.30495/bioem.2022.706088
        Microbial communities occupy a significant position in the functioning and productivity of agricultural ecosystems. The taxonomic genus Pseudomonas encompasses a group of bacterial species that can establish mutually beneficial partnerships with different plants. The ob More
        Microbial communities occupy a significant position in the functioning and productivity of agricultural ecosystems. The taxonomic genus Pseudomonas encompasses a group of bacterial species that can establish mutually beneficial partnerships with different plants. The objective of this study was to ascertain and isolate Pseudomonas strains that were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of M. officinalis. Furthermore, an examination was conducted on the morphological characteristics of M. officinalis that had been treated with standard and rhizospheric Pseudomonas. The experimental treatments consisted of 3 different groups: a rhizosphere Pseudomonas inoculation with a concentration of 106 and 109 CFU /ml, standard Pseudomonas inoculation with a concentration of 106 and 109 CFU /ml, and a control group that did not contain any bacteria. To effectively separate bacteria, specialized culture mediums, such as the King B medium, were employed. The biochemical and molecular results revealed that the isolated strain was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The standard Pseudomonas treatment with a concentration of 109 CFU/ml exhibited the greatest root length of 24.1 cm, while the treatment lacking the presence of Pseudomonas displayed the lowest root length of 12.9. Treatments with rhizospheric P. aeruginosa showed the greatest values for stem length, as well as root and stem weight. Meanwhile, the control treatment resulted in the lowest measurements for these mentioned characteristics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        636 - Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Effect of Samarium Oxide Nanoparticles on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hospital wards
        Hossein  Zahmatkesh Mirsasan  Mirpour Hojjatolah Zamani Behnam  Rasti
        10.30495/bioem.2023.1998132.1021
        The development of drug resistance, treatment ineffectiveness, and the occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are primarily attributed to biofilm formation and quorum sensing (QS)-dependent virulence factors. This study aimed to synthesize samarium oxide nanopa More
        The development of drug resistance, treatment ineffectiveness, and the occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are primarily attributed to biofilm formation and quorum sensing (QS)-dependent virulence factors. This study aimed to synthesize samarium oxide nanoparticles (Sm2O3NPs) using curcumin and evaluate their antimicrobial effects against P. aeruginosa isolated from different hospital wards. Based on TEM, XRD, and EDX analysis, the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited a cubic structure with an average size of 32.61 nm and a pure crystalline phase. The Sm2O3NPs exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy against P. aeruginosa strains. Based on the CV staining assay, sub-MIC of Sm2O3NPs inhibited the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa strains by 16-69%. Additionally, the levels of pyocyanin in the NPs-treatment groups decreased by 29-58% compared to the control group. This research confirms the significant antibacterial potential of Sm2O3NPs, implying their potential utilization as an effective antibacterial agent against P. aeruginosa strains isolated from various hospital wards, after further characterization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        637 - Wisdom and Wise in the Teachings of Islam with Emphasis on Imam Khomeini's View
        Meisam Alibalaei Khalil Bahrami Ghasrechami Mohsen Fahim
        The ways to achieve genuine wisdom have always been the focus of scholars and mystics of different religions, because man has a desire to become wise and perfect in all dimensions. Wisdom is an infallible and solid knowledge with a divine source, which is undoubtedly ve More
        The ways to achieve genuine wisdom have always been the focus of scholars and mystics of different religions, because man has a desire to become wise and perfect in all dimensions. Wisdom is an infallible and solid knowledge with a divine source, which is undoubtedly very attractive and tempting to achieve. The present research was aimed at extracting these solutions and reminding today's mankind of the right way to reach wisdom by emphasizing the views of Imam Khomeini in this regard. This research investigated this issue with the library method and the review of reliable sources. From Imam Khomeini's point of view, in order to achieve wisdom and become wise, one must first cultivate the soul. Imam Khomeini (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) has explained its method completely, then, one should prepare the ground for the appearance of wisdom and becoming a sage with solutions Undoubtedly, real knowledge and genuine wisdom are not possible without the care of the truth, but man's effort and knowing the exact way to reach the source of wisdom and applying it in his behavior and action will be effective and will finally bring him to his purpose.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        638 - Determine the Load and Dominant Wave Spectrum in the Design of the Jackets in Terms of Base Shear
        arash dalili osgouei ahmad maleki ramin vafaeipoor
        Determining the dominant force in Jacket design is often one of the main concerns of engineers. In the current study, a marine jacket with a height of 50 meters, with an effective 6 m wave height and a deck height of 10 meters is considered hypothetically. These dimensi More
        Determining the dominant force in Jacket design is often one of the main concerns of engineers. In the current study, a marine jacket with a height of 50 meters, with an effective 6 m wave height and a deck height of 10 meters is considered hypothetically. These dimensions is in accordance with the general conditions of the Persian Gulf. The wind load, the regular wave and the random wave load have been applied under the Pierson-Moskowitz, Bretschneider, Mitsuyasu and JONSWAP spectra to the considered jacket and for all stages the jacket base shear has been obtained by using the STRUCAD software. Based on the results obtained in terms of base shear, the random wave with the JONSWAP spectrum yielded the highest base shear and compared to the Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum, 11%, Bretschneider 17%, Mitsuyasu 19%, Regular wave 27%, and wind load 38%, provides more base shear. Thus, due to the lack of sufficient field information in the design of Jackets in terms of base shear, it is recommended to use the JONSWAP spectrum. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        639 - A Survey of structural behavior and Stability of Davazdah Emam Dome in Yazd Against Earthquake
        Mostafa AttarAbassi saied hematzadeh gorban mahbobi
        This paper aims to analyze the sustainability and vulnerability of Davazdah Emam Dome that is located in the historical context of Yazd city against to Earthquake. This dome dated back to Al-Muzaffar era (429 A.H.) and it is the oldest monument with inscription in Yazd. More
        This paper aims to analyze the sustainability and vulnerability of Davazdah Emam Dome that is located in the historical context of Yazd city against to Earthquake. This dome dated back to Al-Muzaffar era (429 A.H.) and it is the oldest monument with inscription in Yazd. Baked bricks and traditional materials are used to build this dome. In this paper a 3D modeling of dome was made in AutoCAD and carried out its structural analysis in Ansys software. After its structural analysis under own weight and modal analysis and earthquake analysis (Naghan area), we surveys the results and identify the vulnerable and sensitive areas of dome with lowest cost and in a short time. Also the structural characteristics of dome are specified. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        640 - Simplification of Earthquake Accelerograms for quick time history Analyses by Using Their Modified Fourier Inverse Transforms
        Alireza Faroughi mahmood hossseini
        There are several cases in seismic design of structures in which the simplified seismic analysis code is not applicable. In such cases most codes recommend time history analysis, which is very time consuming, mainly since the time step size of the digitized accelerogram More
        There are several cases in seismic design of structures in which the simplified seismic analysis code is not applicable. In such cases most codes recommend time history analysis, which is very time consuming, mainly since the time step size of the digitized accelerograms is usually very small. Therefore, if the time history analysis can be performed by large time steps without losing much precision, it would be very helpful. In the present study, a method is introduced for simplification of accelerograms based on the modification of their fourier analyses. For this purpose, at first the fourier spectrum of the accelerograms is calculated. Then, by using a computer program, created by the authors, a modified version of fourier spectrum is produced and then the corresponding inverse fourier transform is calculated using a relatively large time step, which is computed based on the all major earthquake frequencies (which is usually 5 to 10 times larger than the original accelerograms time step) in order to create the simplified accelerograms.  It is obvious that time history analysis by using this simplified accelerograms will be much less time-consuming. Numerical results indicate that the maximum response values obtained by using the simplified accelerograms have approximately 5 to 10 percent error depending on the type of the structure and earthquake characteristics Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        641 - A Novel Approach for Solving Fuzzy Stochastic Data Envelopment Analysis Model in the Presence of Undesirable Outputs
        Omid Gholami
        10.30495/fomj.2021.1914772.1020
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        642 - Determining the relationship between understanding the wisdom of e-learning and conflict, content And evaluation of course content
        farhad shafiepoor motlagh Abbas Gholtash
        The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between understanding the wisdom of e-learning with content engagement, content understanding and evaluation of course content. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population incl More
        The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between understanding the wisdom of e-learning with content engagement, content understanding and evaluation of course content. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all professors of educational sciences in Markazi and Isfahan provinces (73 people) in the academic year 1399-1400. The census sampling method was used due to the limitation of the statistical population, which finally had 66 respondents. The research tool includes 4 categories of researcher-made questionnaires, which are: 1. Questionnaire for understanding the wisdom of e-learning 2. Questionnaire for engaging the content of the course (Shafipour Motlagh, 2019) 3. Questionnaire for understanding the content of the course and 4. Questionnaire for evaluating the content of the course. The content validity of the questionnaire was provided according to the opinions of experts and the validity coefficient of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.93, 0.95, 0.92 and 0.94, respectively. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) and Inferential statistics (Pearson correlation tests, stepwise multiple regression and structural equation modeling) were used. <P has been significant. The studied model has a relatively good fit. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        643 - A review of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the environment: pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, genetic diversity, and removal ways from water treatment
        Ghasem Ghorbani Ebrahim Rahimi Amir Shakerian
        10.30495/jfm.2023.1974180.1798
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a waterborne pathogen is a growing concern to public health sectors. Many sources of environmental water could potentially be acting as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. Due to the fact that P. aeruginosa is an op More
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a waterborne pathogen is a growing concern to public health sectors. Many sources of environmental water could potentially be acting as a reservoir for potentially pathogenic strains of P. aeruginosa. Due to the fact that P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and causes serious problems, it seems necessary to know the pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, genetic diversity and methods of removing it from drinking water. The pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa has been extensively studied and proven to be a multifactorial process, mediated by quorum sensing. P. aeruginosa possess two quorum sensing systems, las and rhl that facilitate cell to cell communication through production of signalling molecules termed autoinducers to target specific receptors for activation. P. aeruginosa is intrinsically resistant to various antibiotics due to a low permeability in the outer membrane, which acts as a selective barrier. However, this bacterium is a highly diverse pathogen that is capable of adaptation to the surrounding environment. When subjected to antibiotic selective pressure, the induced response facilitates bacterial survival and develops antibiotic resistance. literature suggests that the large genome size and genome complexity are responsible for the ability of this bacterium to adapt and thrive in a diverse range of environments. The presence and persistence of these bacteria in environmental waters may pose a great risk to the public health and requires further work to fully characterize and quantify the input of MDR P. aeruginosa strains from the hospitals compared with those originating from the general community or other wastewater related sources. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        644 - Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from rose water and herbal distillates in Kashan, 2018
        Reza sharafati chaleshtori navid Mazroii Arani Elahe Alizadeh Alireza Etemadi
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic gram-negative and pathogenic bacterium that can be transmitted through food to humans. Antibiotic-resistant infections of this bacterium are a severe public health issue. This study aimed to determine the preval More
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic gram-negative and pathogenic bacterium that can be transmitted through food to humans. Antibiotic-resistant infections of this bacterium are a severe public health issue. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from rose water and herbal distillates in Kashan. In this cross-sectional study, 400 rose water and herbal distillate samples were randomized purchased of local markets in Kashan and evaluated for the occurrence of P. aeruginosa by culturing methods. The obtained isolates were subjected to the disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Out of 400 samples, 16 (4 %) samples were contaminated withP. aeruginosa. The 100 % of isolates were resistant to ticarcillin, ceftazidime, colistin, and gentamicin. Also, the 13 (81.25 %) samples were sensitive to imipenem. The results showed a high occurrence of the antibiotic resistance P. aeruginosa strains isolated from rose water and herbal distillates. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        645 - Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and frequency of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from raw and frozen meat
        Manizhe Rezaloo Abbasali Motalebi Zohreh Mashak Seyed Amir Ali Anvar
        10.30495/jfm.2022.1951461.1762
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are considered as the main causes of food spoilage and occasionally foodborne diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic resistance and frequency of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains i More
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are considered as the main causes of food spoilage and occasionally foodborne diseases. The present study was performed to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic resistance and frequency of virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from meat. A total of 120 samples of raw and frozen meat were collected. Samples were evaluated for the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using conventional microbial culture. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Genomic DNA was extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and the frequency of virulence factors was assessed using the polymerase chain reaction. Eleven out of 120 meat samples (9.16%) were contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in raw and curled meat samples was 5.00 and 13.33%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa between raw and frozen meat samples (P <0.05). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates had the highest rate of antibiotic resistance against ampicillin (100%), penicillin (90.90%) and tetracycline (81.81%). The prevalence of resistance to imipenem (9.09%) and trimethoprim (18.18%) antibiotics was lower than other cases. ExoU (54.54%) and exoT (18.18%) genes were the most frequent virulence factors detected. The simultaneous presence of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from raw and frozen meat increases the need for further studies to confirm the role of this bacterium as an important food-spoilage bacterium. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        646 - Evaluation of anti-biofilm effect of aqueous-alcoholic extract of black pepper in vitro and food model
        saeed akbari zohreh didar Mohsen Vazifedoost Bahare Hajirostamloo Mahnaz Mohtashami
        10.30495/jfm.2022.1942825.1738
        The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of black pepper (Piper nigrum) aqueous-alcoholic extract and focus on its possible anti-biofilm activity against the two bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in simulated condi More
        The present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of black pepper (Piper nigrum) aqueous-alcoholic extract and focus on its possible anti-biofilm activity against the two bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in simulated conditions of the food model. Chemical analysis was used to identify the chemical composition of black pepper extract by mass spectrometry gas chromatography (GC - MS). The anti-biofilm activity of black pepper was measured using an automatic ELISA reader at 570 nm wavelength. The GC - MS analysis results indicated that the major compounds in black pepper extract include d-3-Carene (20.69%), Limonene (18%), Caryophyllene (17.90%) and b-Pinene (10.52%). According to the results in this study, black pepper aqueous- alcoholic extract with a 50% concentration had the highest effect in preventing the biofilm formation of both bacteria In addition, there was no significant difference between black pepper extract (50%) and peracetic acid 0/5% in the antibiofilm activity. There was also no significant difference in the type of bacterial growth media (TSB culture and fish extract) on bacterial biofilm formation in the presence of black pepper extract. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        647 - Prevalence of Pseudomnas aeruginosa in various species of shrimps of Isfahan and Chabahar in summer and autumn and the effect of season and place of supply on it
        Seyedmajid Hashemi Ebrahim Rahimi Seyed Amirali Anvar Hamed Ahari Maryam Ataee
        10.30495/jfm.2022.1955955.1772
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa a potential risk factor for food poisoning especially in aquatic foods like shrimp. In order to determine and compare the rate of infection in different species of shrimp in two seasons of summer and autumn in Isfahan and Chabahar cities, the abdo More
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa a potential risk factor for food poisoning especially in aquatic foods like shrimp. In order to determine and compare the rate of infection in different species of shrimp in two seasons of summer and autumn in Isfahan and Chabahar cities, the abdominal muscle of 35 shrimps in each season of each city were sampled. Samples were homogenized in peptone water medium, then incubated and cultured in PCA medium. Suspected colonies were isolated and then confirmatory tests of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and confirmation of the presence of nanI, the specific gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by PCR.In summer, in Isfahan and Chabahar, 48.5% and 25.7% were infected respectively. In autumn, the prevalence was 22.9% for Isfahan and 20% for Chabahar, respectively. In Isfahan, the highest rate of infection was related to Metapenaueus affinis and the lowest to Penaeus semisulcatus in summer. In autumn, the highest number of infected samples was related to Penaeus merguiensis and the lowest to Penaeus semisulcatus. In Chabahar city, in both seasons, the most infected samples were related to Metapenaeus affinis, and the lowest to Panaeus semisulcatus and in autumn was related to both Penaeus semisulcatus and Litopenaeus vannamei.There was a high prevalence of this bacterium in samples of different shrimp species in both seasons and both cities, which indicates a high risk of food poisoning of Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to improper consumption of shrimp. Cold chain observance during storage, transportation and sell of shrimp will be very effective in controlling this problem. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        648 - Evaluation of the effect of cold plasma against Pseudomonas aeruginosa inoculated in rose water
        Zeinab Rahmani Fatemeh Mohamadi Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori
        10.30495/jfm.2022.1959877.1775
        Cold plasma is a novel non-thermal food processing technology that uses reactive medium and energetic photons and particles, to inactivate contaminating microbes on various foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma on More
        Cold plasma is a novel non-thermal food processing technology that uses reactive medium and energetic photons and particles, to inactivate contaminating microbes on various foods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and rose water. In this experimental study, P. aeruginosa was exposed to 15 kHz plasma for 10, 30, 50 and 70 seconds. The effect of plasma on rose water inoculated with the bacterium at a concentration of 105 CFU / mL during storage for 7 days at room temperature was also investigated. The results showed that the highest non-growth halo diameter in P. aeruginosa was 31 mm in 70 seconds treatment. In addition, the plasma had an inhibitory effect on growth of P. aeruginosa in rose water during storage. Therefore, the use of plasma as a non-thermal and microbial reducing method in the rose industry is recommended. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        649 - Molecular identification and evaluation of probiotic and antifungal properties of Entrococcus faecium isolated from natural honey
        Sara Shahryari Delasa Rahimi Hosein Purabdolah Maryam Ebrahimi Alireza Sadeghi
        10.30495/jfm.2023.1980405.1810
        Natural honey is a proper substrate to isolate probiotic bacteria. Characterization of probiotic and antifungal properties of microorganisms isolated from food ecosystems such as natural honey that have been less studied is an interesting task. In the present study, aft More
        Natural honey is a proper substrate to isolate probiotic bacteria. Characterization of probiotic and antifungal properties of microorganisms isolated from food ecosystems such as natural honey that have been less studied is an interesting task. In the present study, after molecular identification of a predominant lactic acid bacterium (LAB) isolated from the natural honey, its probiotic properties and antifungal effect were investigated. Then, the antibacterial (spot method) and antifungal (overlay method) activities of the LAB isolate were evaluated against some foodborne microorganisms. Sequencing results of the PCR products led to the identification of Enterococcus faecium. Survival rate of the isolate in simulated gastrointestinal conditions was equal to 20.68%, and its antibacterial and antifungal effects on Salmonella enterica and Aspergillus niger were also 31.06 and 32.35% inhibition, which were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other foodborne indicators studied. Furthermore, the isolate had a proper antibiotic resistance profile, and it had no hemolytic activity. Auto-aggregation ability of the isolate was also equal to 32.34%, and its co-aggregation with Escherichia coli, S. enterica, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus was 34.29, 21.35, 15.58 and 14.98%, respectively. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the E. faecium isolated from honey can be used as probiotic and/or protective culture in food industry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        650 - Comparison of PCR and culture for diagnosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli in packed Mineral water & drinking water
        Mahvash Pooyan Abbas Doosti Hamidreza Kabiri Fatemeh Drees
        Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the presence of P. aeruginosa and E. coli in packed mineral and drinking water by using Polymerase Chain Reaction and microbial culture methods. In this study, 142 packed water samples were collected from active produ More
        Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the presence of P. aeruginosa and E. coli in packed mineral and drinking water by using Polymerase Chain Reaction and microbial culture methods. In this study, 142 packed water samples were collected from active productive factories in various Provinces. Isolating and diagnosing the bacteria P. aeruginosa and E. coli were done by microbial culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction and the results were compared. E. coli contamination in PCR method, were evaluated as positive in 12 samples (14.6%) of mineral water, while all the samples in the microbial culture were negative (p=0.000). The results of study the contamination to E. coli in drinking water samples were negative based on PCR and microbial culture methods. Contamination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was positive in 10 samples (12.1%) and 7 samples (8.5%) based on PCR and microbial culture methods, respectively (p=0.176). This value was 2 (3.3%) and 0 in drinking water by PCR and culture method, respectively (p=0.496). The results of this study indicates that Polymerase Chain Reaction can be high sensitive, specific, fast and easy method for identification. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        651 - ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس Glycyrrhiza glabra L. و Salvia officinalis L. جمع آوری شده از استان کرمانشاه در غرب ایران
        محمد اسدی
        10.30495/medherb.2021.687756
        Background & Aim: Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Salvia officinalis L. due to their medicinal properties are valuable medicinal plants in Kermanshah province and the other western regions of Iran.Experimental: In this research, chemical analysis of the essential oils iso More
        Background & Aim: Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Salvia officinalis L. due to their medicinal properties are valuable medicinal plants in Kermanshah province and the other western regions of Iran.Experimental: In this research, chemical analysis of the essential oils isolated from these valuable medicinal plants were performed. For this, aerial parts of the plants were gradually dried (shadow conditions at 25 °C), pulverized, their essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation method, and analyzed by GC-MS.Results: The results showed that there were important compounds in the essential oils of both plants. Total identification times of the compounds were estimated to be 38.469 and 38.230 min, respectively. Among constituents of G. glabra; Naphthalene, Decahydro-4a-Methyl (25.578 min-15.62%); 2, 6-Octadiene-1-ol, 3, 7-Dimethyl (24.702 min-6.96%); Butanoic Acid, 3, 7-Dimethyl-2 (23.587 min-5.79%), Lavandulyl Acetate (18.294 min-4.93%), 3-Hexene-1-ol, Benzoate (23.890 min-3.45%), and among S. officinalis constituents, Alpha-Thujone Bicyclo (8.904 min-24.22%); Bicyclo [2.2.1] Heptan-2-One (9.865 min-15.51%); 1, 8-Cineole 2-Oxabicyclo (7.250 min-10 %); Thujone Bicyclo [3.1.0] Hexan-3 (9.110 min-6.20%), and Veridiflorol (24.330 min-4.47%) were dominant, respectively.Recommended applications/industries: These medicinal plants due to high diverse constituents could seriously be considered in medical, pharmacology, and toxicology researches. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        652 - اثر کاربرد اسانس گیاه آویشن در بافت شناسی روده موش صحرایی
        حشمت سپهری مقدم مژده عمادی الهام ملاشاهی
        مقدمه و هدف:  داروهای ضدالتهاب غیراستروئیدی در پزشکی بالینی استفاده می شوند. اگرچهگاهی اثرات خاصی در دستگاه گوارش ایجاد می­نمایند. استفاده خوراکی داروی ایندومتاسین باعث بروز استرس اکسیداتیو در روده کوچک می­شود. روش تحقیق:  تاثیر آویشن که دارای خصو More
        مقدمه و هدف:  داروهای ضدالتهاب غیراستروئیدی در پزشکی بالینی استفاده می شوند. اگرچهگاهی اثرات خاصی در دستگاه گوارش ایجاد می­نمایند. استفاده خوراکی داروی ایندومتاسین باعث بروز استرس اکسیداتیو در روده کوچک می­شود. روش تحقیق:  تاثیر آویشن که دارای خصوصیات آنتی­اکسیدانی است بر موش­هائی که با ایندومتاسین تغذیه اجباری شده­بودند, بررسی شد.مواد موثره آویشن از طریق اسپکتوفتومتری گاز کروماتوگرافی تعیین شد. نتایج و بحث: ارتفاع پرز, عرض پرز, ارتفاع کریپت و عرض کریپت در دئودنوم, ژژنوم و ایلئوم موش­­های تغذیه شده با ایندومتاسین و تیمار شده با آویشن در مقایسه با موش­های تغذیه شده با ایندومتاسین بهبود معنی­داری نشان داد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: تیمول حاصل از انسانس آویشن به عنوان ماده ای موثر در جهت کاهش اثرات زیانبار داروی ایندومتاسین توصیه می­شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        653 - بررسی ابعاد اقتصادی تولید بادام کوهی در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
        محمود بخشی نژاد جمشید پیک فلک
        مقدمه و هدف: سایر فعالیت­های کشاورزی و حتی جایگزین نمودن کشت محصولات جدیدی مانند گیاهان دارویی به جای محصولات سنتی در استان گیاهان دارویی از این جهت که مواد اولیه لازم را برای تولید صنایع داروسازی فراهم می نماید ،یکی از محصولات اساسی کشور محسوب می شوند، از طرفی نقش More
        مقدمه و هدف: سایر فعالیت­های کشاورزی و حتی جایگزین نمودن کشت محصولات جدیدی مانند گیاهان دارویی به جای محصولات سنتی در استان گیاهان دارویی از این جهت که مواد اولیه لازم را برای تولید صنایع داروسازی فراهم می نماید ،یکی از محصولات اساسی کشور محسوب می شوند، از طرفی نقش روستاهها، در توسعه اقتصادی، نقشی محوری،کلیدی و بی بدیل است، که برای رسیدن به این امر باید فرصتهای افزایش درآمد در روستاهها فراهم شود، و یکی از این فرصتها در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری تولید گیاهان دارویی در کنار است. در این پژوهش ابعاد اقتصادی بهره برداری از بادام کوهی به عنوان یکی از گونه های دارویی بومی استان، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش تحقیق: داده های مورد نیاز از طریق مصاحبه با نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده به دست آمده و با استفاده از شاخص هزینه منابع داخلی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته اند، نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاصله حاکی از آن است که استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، در تولید این محصول دارای مزیت نسبی بالقوه ای است و جمع آوری و فروش بادام کوهی از مناطق مستعد این محصول سود خالصی معادل چهارمیلیون و یکصد وسی هزارریال برای کشاورزان در بر دارد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به اینکه بادام کوهی بومی مناطق زاگرس در کشور می باشد، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان آموزشهای لازم را برای کاشت و داشت و برداشت این محصول از روشهای موثر به کشاورزان ارائه نماید. در این صورت علاوه بر افزایش درآمد کشاورزان ، مواد اولیه لازم برای تولید برخی دارویی فراهم شده و همچنین از مهاجرت رستاییا ن به شهرها می کاهد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        654 - گلهای رز ایرانی، یک ضد باکتری طبیعی علیه عامل اصلی عفونت سوختگی پوست، سودوموناس آئروژینوزا
        مائده رزقی سید رضا حسینی دوست ژینوس عسگرپناه
        مقدمه و هدف : رز ایرانی (Rosa foetida) متعلق به تیره گل سرخ می باشد و یکی از گونه های بومی ایرانی به حساب می آید که تاکنون اثرات بیولوژیک گل های آن بررسی نگردیده است. از آنجا که گل های این گیاه در طب سنتی ایران به عنوان مرهم جهت بهبود سوختگی های عفونی پوست به کار می رود More
        مقدمه و هدف : رز ایرانی (Rosa foetida) متعلق به تیره گل سرخ می باشد و یکی از گونه های بومی ایرانی به حساب می آید که تاکنون اثرات بیولوژیک گل های آن بررسی نگردیده است. از آنجا که گل های این گیاه در طب سنتی ایران به عنوان مرهم جهت بهبود سوختگی های عفونی پوست به کار می رود، بر آن شدیم تا برای اولین بار اثر ضد میکروبی عصاره های مختلف گل ها را علیه عامل اصلی عفونت های سوختگی، سودوموناس آئروژینوزا بررسی نماییم. روش تحقیق: بررسی اثر ضد میکروب عصاره ها و تعیین حداقل غلظت مهار رشد باکتری به ترتیب با استفاده از روش چاهک پلیت و روش رقت سازی متوالی در میکروپلیت انجام شد. نتایچ و بحث: تمام عصاره های حاصل از گل ها دارای اثر مهاری بر رشد باکتری بودند که از بین آنها عصاره های آبی و متانولی دارای قوی ترین اثر را نشان دادند. قطر هاله عدم رشد (با غلظت 125 میلی گرم/میلی لیتر) و حداقل غلظت مهار رشد باکتری برای هر دو عصاره فوق نسبتا با اثر داروی استاندارد، ایمیپنم/سیلاستاتین (8/8 میکروگرم/میلی لیتر) یکسان بود. توصیه کاربردی / صنعتی: نتایج مشاهده شده نشان می دهد که گل های رز ایرانی دارای ترکیبات موثره با اثر ضد باکتری علیه سوش های استاندارد و پاتوژن سودوموناس آئروژینوزا جدا شده از پنج بیمار مبتلا به عفونت سوختگی پوست است و کاربرد سنتی این گیاه را در عفونت های سوختگی پوست توجیه می نماید. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        655 - ررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی و تاثیرات عصاره گیاهان دارویی خارمریم (Silybum marianum) و رازیانه (Foeniculum vulgare) بر برخی عوامل عفونت‌های بیمارستانی و رده سلول سرطانی کبد (HepG2) به روش MTT
        گلثوم صمدی اندزاگی هاشم یعقوبی مسعود فردین
        Background & Aim: Increasing of drug resistances and more attention to the hazards of side effects of synthetic drugs has caused extensive researches on medicinal plant resources. The aim of this study was to determination of the chemical composition of native Silyb More
        Background & Aim: Increasing of drug resistances and more attention to the hazards of side effects of synthetic drugs has caused extensive researches on medicinal plant resources. The aim of this study was to determination of the chemical composition of native Silybum marianum and Foeniculum vulgare extractions in Ardabil, Iran; and investigation of their anticancer effect on liver cancer cell line HepG2 and antimicrobial effects on Staphylococcusaureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to propose a solution to control or treatment. Experimental: The chemical compositions of extractions performed through Soxhlet were analyzed by GC/MS system. The anticancer effect was assayed by MTT method and their antimicrobial activities were tested using disc-diffusion assay as well as MIC and MBC values estimated according to the microdilution method. Results: The analysis of S. marianum extract showed the presence of 29 compounds, mostly (2.63%) Nonane, (4.68%) Camphor, (2.84%) Borneol, (3.65%) Trans-anethole, (8.78%) Viridiflorol, (34.26%) α–Selinene, (2.34%) Longiborn-9-ene, (2.52%) amorphane-B, (5.00%) Erucylamide, (10.15%) o-Terphenyl and (46.8%) α-androst-8-ene;F. vulgare extract contained 14 compounds, mainly (5.53%) Fenchone, (5.53%) α- Thujone, (2.84%) Nonane, (79.10%) trans-Anethol and (2.51%) Hentriacontane. The effects of F. vulgare extract on Staphylococcus and S. marianum extract on Pseudomonas were remarkable. In the combined design, there was no clear effect. MIC and MBC values confirmed the results of the sensitivity test. The cytotoxic effects of extractions on liver cancer cells were the optimum in 25μg/ml after 48 hours. Recommended applications/industries: According to the results, these compounds are able to replace by chemical preservatives in food and drugs industries. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        656 - The role of wisdom in the formation of an efficient political system in the Islamic Republic of Iran
        mohammad hosein agharokh mirabadi Alireza Golshani sharif lakzaee
        10.30495/pir.2022.1955202.3474
        This article tries to pay attention to the issue of the efficiency of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the challenges that may exist in this field. The main question of the article is "What is the relationship between this issue and Islamic wisdom in the system of the I More
        This article tries to pay attention to the issue of the efficiency of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the challenges that may exist in this field. The main question of the article is "What is the relationship between this issue and Islamic wisdom in the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran?" In answer to the above question, the research hypothesis is that "wisdom will increase productivity (efficiency and effectiveness), achieve goals, improve efficiency and durability and consistency of government." The research method is library in terms of data collection and rational, narrative and experimental methods have been used in the position of analysis as needed. The results of the research indicate that wisdom in theory, based on science and thought, and in practice, based on ethics, spirituality, strategy and politics, and the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran to achieve its goals such as the good life of Islam , National unity, deter security and authority, and social justice must be the wisdom of the foundation; Therefore, the Iranian Islamic model of progress as a tool of system efficiency should be defined and regulated based on Islamic wisdom or the above four elements. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        657 - Romantic Movement and Romantic Politics
        Alireza Sadra Habibbollah Fazeli Ali Alizadeh
        If in enlightenment wisdom and the institution derived from it were important and man faced nature, romanticism was a revolt against enlightenment and assumptions coming from it. The exponent of encyclopedia and the enlightenment thinkers were of the view that "wisdom" More
        If in enlightenment wisdom and the institution derived from it were important and man faced nature, romanticism was a revolt against enlightenment and assumptions coming from it. The exponent of encyclopedia and the enlightenment thinkers were of the view that "wisdom" alone is the right path to understanding of the world and its foresight and other senses are weak. In contrast the romantics were of the view that "feelings" are the authentic sense for understanding, in other words mind accept a path which heart has guided it. The present article wants to examine the Romantic Movement and the grounds for the formation of it in Germany. Romanticism in Germany got an anti-French nature and France was like "the other" for German romantics. The paper also discusses the theory of romantic government and the thinking of Johann Hamann with emphasis on exclusivist aspect of this movement and its confrontation with enlightenment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        658 - Explaining the Role of Oil Price in Development (Beginning, Continuation and End) of Iran-Iraq War (Text in Persian)
        Saeed Mirtorabi Mehrangiz Samiei Esmaeil Rabiei
        The observers and critics of oil and politics are of the belief that where ever there are oil reserve and war occurs، this war is certainly relating to oil. The imposed war of Iraq against Iran occurred between two major oil exporting countries in the Persian Gulf regio More
        The observers and critics of oil and politics are of the belief that where ever there are oil reserve and war occurs، this war is certainly relating to oil. The imposed war of Iraq against Iran occurred between two major oil exporting countries in the Persian Gulf region، a region in the world which is famous for its enormous oil reserves. Taking into consideration the above fact one can find the link between this war with the wealth and oil revenue of the two countries and also the existing oil in the Persian Gulf region. The present article is trying to examine the relation between oil and the developments relating to commencement، continuation and the end of the war in a systematic and precise manner. The article also examines the impact of oil revenue and the consequences of the change in oil balance in the Persian Gulf after the victory of Islamic revolution on political situation and the calculations of Iraqi leaders and it shows how oil has helped the commencement of the war by Iraq. Likewise the article analyzes the role of oil in supplying the war expenditure and sustaining of economies of Iran and Iraq and the consequences of third oil shock، the intensification of oil tankers war، to show how these conditions had impact on continuation and later end of the war. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        659 - A Study of Historical Impact of Egyptian Army on Domestic Politics (with Emphasis on 2011-3013 Period)
        Mohammad Reza Hatami
        The army and its role in political development is one of the important ways to understand political behavior a country. In Egypt from the time of coming to power of Free Officers in the year 1952, the military officers have continuously ruled this country. Army as a pow More
        The army and its role in political development is one of the important ways to understand political behavior a country. In Egypt from the time of coming to power of Free Officers in the year 1952, the military officers have continuously ruled this country. Army as a powerful organ controls military power as well as major economic resources and now it is at the head of government and plays an important role in the political scene of Egypt. The present paper by following these developments raises this question that what has been the impact of Egyptian army in historical context of Egypt on domestic politics of the country. The paper concludes that the army from the year 1952 till recent political developments, despite having different behavior and varied role is a strong institution in domestic political scene of Egypt. Therefore, the paper focuses on the role of army in domestic equation and the consequences of the increasing power and role of military in domestic politics. The paper after examining the present developments of Egypt gives its findings. The method used in the paper is descriptiveanalytical. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        660 - The Analysis of Election Behaviour of Isfahan City Citizens (Before the Ninth Round of Islamic Majlis Council)
        Mojtaba Attarzadeh Hossein Tavasoli
        Political participation is not merely taking part in elections but it is an act which can be measured as an index. What is determining in election results is the election behavior of the citizens which differ from one city to another. The election behavior decides as to More
        Political participation is not merely taking part in elections but it is an act which can be measured as an index. What is determining in election results is the election behavior of the citizens which differ from one city to another. The election behavior decides as to how the citizens elect the candidates. What are the criteria and the determining factors which decide that how the citizens choose a particular candidate? A study of the trend of political participation in elections is one of the ways which one can come to know about the motives of voters in participating in elections. Since the level of consciousness and knowledge is a determining factor in political participation choosing a place like Isfahan which is having the above qualification facilitates the conduct of the present study. Isfahan is one of the five metropolises of the country which has had important place and role in political participation. The trend of political participation in this city is showing the importance of this city in decision-making in the country. Therefore, taking into consideration the importance of Isfahan, the analysis of the election behavior of the people of this city is of great importance. The present article is trying to explain the election behavior of the people of Isfahan before the ninth Islamic Majlis parliamentary elections on the basis of three theories: the dominant ideology theory, rational election theory and party-factional identity theory. The methodology used in the study is field work and the questionnaire distributed among a statistical group in Isfahan city. The finding of the study is based on analysis of the statistical data. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        661 - Intensification of Apology Strategies in Persian: A Politeness Perspective
        Mohsen Shahrokhi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        662 - بررسی گفتمان مراسم خواستگاری از دیدگاه گفتمان شناسی انتقادی
        غلام رضا زارعی الهام صدری
        برخلاف فرهنگ های غربی، در فرهنگ ایران درخواست ازدواج در یک گردهمایی رسمی خانوادگی و طی مذاکراتی بین خانواده های زوج آینده صورت می گیرد. فاکتورهای پنهانی وجود دارند که این مذاکرات را کنترل می کنند. کلمات و رفتارهای افراد در جلسات خواستگاری می تواند منابع نامرئی سلطه در پ More
        برخلاف فرهنگ های غربی، در فرهنگ ایران درخواست ازدواج در یک گردهمایی رسمی خانوادگی و طی مذاکراتی بین خانواده های زوج آینده صورت می گیرد. فاکتورهای پنهانی وجود دارند که این مذاکرات را کنترل می کنند. کلمات و رفتارهای افراد در جلسات خواستگاری می تواند منابع نامرئی سلطه در پس این مذاکرات را بازنمایی کند. با در نظر گرفتن تعریف گفتمان به عنوان هرگونه رفتار نمادین معنادار، تحقیق حاضر قصد دارد به کاوش لایه های عمیق مبادلات گفتمانی در جلسات خواستگاری بپردازد و منابع مهم فرهنگی-اجتماعی سلطه را در این سنت باستانی ایرانی مورد بررسی قرار دهد. داده های حاصله از مشاهده ی جلسات خواستگاری از طریق آنالیز مضمونی وبا استفاده از بینش های برگرفته ازرویکرد تحلیل انتقادی گفتمان، بررسی شد. یافته ها حاکی از آن است که مبادلات گفتمانی در خواستگاری برتری سنتی خانواده و والدین بر فرزندان را بازنمایی می کند و هم چنین روابط مبتنی بر تمایز جنسیتی در زندگی اجتماعی ایران را باز تولید می نماید. به علاوه، مشخص گردید که جستجوی حیثیت اجتماعی و رعایت هنجارهای مذهبی دو منبع سلطه ی دیگرهستند که نقش تجویزی در گفتمان خواستگاری دارند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        663 - بکارگیری رویکرد ساختاری – تفسیری جهت طراحی مدل عوامل مؤثر بر خشونت خانگی علیه مردان در جوامع شهری (مطالعه موردی: مردان شهر زنجان)
        Manijeh Salimi. Batool Aminjafari
        Abstract The spread of urbanization and population density have far-reaching consequences, one of which is the increase in domestic violence.The primary objective of this study was to develop a sociological model of domestic violence against men, using an exploratory se More
        Abstract The spread of urbanization and population density have far-reaching consequences, one of which is the increase in domestic violence.The primary objective of this study was to develop a sociological model of domestic violence against men, using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach. The statistical population in the first stage included experts in the field of family, among which 25 individuals were selected using purposive non-randomized sampling. The statistical population in the second stage included all men visiting the family counseling centers of Zanjan, among which 250 individuals were selected using convenience sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Using theme analysis, 59 open codes were placed in 7 basic categories. Further, 20 indices were finalized using the fuzzy Delphi method. The content validity of the measurement instruments was confirmed using CVI and CVR indices. Further, the measurement models were investigated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Then, the initial model was designed using the ISM. According to the determined levels and final reachability matrix and after determining the relationships and level of variables, they were illustrated in the form of a model. In the present study, the factors were categorized at three levels. The livelihood problems, as the primary underlying reason, were categorized in the third level. In the end, the relationships between these factors were measured using the path analysis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        664 - Explain the relationship between mobile-based virtual social networks and citizens' social health Research based on the Habermas public domain approach
        Mohsen Niazi Elham Shafaiimoghadam nahid khodadadi
        Today, the increase of social interactions among members of society through virtual social networks has provided a good opportunity to adapt and connect with others, create social participation, social acceptance and prosperity. Accordingly, the main purpose of this stu More
        Today, the increase of social interactions among members of society through virtual social networks has provided a good opportunity to adapt and connect with others, create social participation, social acceptance and prosperity. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between mobile-based virtual social networks and citizens' social health according to Habermas's public domain approach. The statistical population of the study was citizens living in the northern and southern regions of Tehran, and 550 citizens were randomly selected and surveyed. In order to measure social health, the Keys scale and the communication pattern scale were used and the phytonerpatric and Richie matching was used to examine the communication patterns in the family. According to the results of the study, there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of virtual social networks and the level of social participation and social adaptation of 0.13 and 0.10, respectively. In addition, the findings indicate a positive and significant relationship between the use of virtual social networks and citizens' social health with correlation coefficient (r = 0.14 and sig = 0.001). Accordingly, social interactions resulting from active presence in virtual social networks create a sense of participation and adaptation to one's own groups, thus strengthening and enhancing people's social health. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        665 - .Explain the relationship between mobile-based virtual social networks and citizens' social health (A Research based on Habermas’s public domain approach)
        Mohsen Niazi Elham Shafaiimoghadam Naheed Khodadadi
        . Nowadays, the increase in social interactions among members of society through virtual social networks has provided a good opportunity to adapt and connect with others, create social participation, social acceptance and prosperity. Accordingly, the main purpose of th More
        . Nowadays, the increase in social interactions among members of society through virtual social networks has provided a good opportunity to adapt and connect with others, create social participation, social acceptance and prosperity. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was, to explain the relationship between mobile-based virtual social networks and citizens' social health on the basis of Habermas's public domain approach. The research population of the study consisted of citizens living in the northern and southern regions of Tehran, of whom 550 individuals were randomly selected and surveyed. Keyes scale was used to measure social health,  and Fitzpatrick and Richie’s scale on communication patterns was used to measure the communication patterns in the family. The results indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between the use of virtual social networks and the level of social participation and social adaptation of 0.13 and 0.10, respectively. In addition, the findings showed a positive and significant relationship between the use of virtual social networks and citizens' social health with a correlation coefficient (r = 0.14 and sig = 0.001). Accordingly, social interactions resulting from active presence in virtual social networks create a sense of participation and adaptation to one's own groups, thus strengthening and enhancing people's social health. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        666 - .The application of a structural-interpretive approach in construction of a model about factors influencing Domestic Violence against Men (case of study: men of the city of Zanjan)
        Manijeh Salimi. mohamadali chitsaz Batool Aminjafari
        .The spread of urbanization and population density have far-reaching consequences, one of which is the increase in domestic violence.The primary objective of this study was to develop a sociological model of domestic violence against men, using an exploratory sequential More
        .The spread of urbanization and population density have far-reaching consequences, one of which is the increase in domestic violence.The primary objective of this study was to develop a sociological model of domestic violence against men, using an exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach. The research population in the first stage included experts in the field of family, of which 25 individuals were selected using purposive non-randomized sampling. The research population in the second stage included all men visiting the family counseling centers of Zanjan, of which 250 individuals were selected using convenience sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. Using theme analysis, 59 open codes were placed in 7 basic categories. Furthermore, 20 indices were finalized using the fuzzy Delphi method. The content validity of the measurement instruments was confirmed using CVI and CVR indices. Next, the measurement models were investigated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Then, the initial model was designed using the ISM. According to the determined levels and final reachability matrix and after determining the relationships and level of variables, they were illustrated in the form of a model. In the present study, the factors were categorized at three levels. The problems of livelihood, as the primary underlying reason, were categorized in the third level. In the end, the relationships between these factors were measured using the path analysis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        667 - استفاده از روش تجزیه Adomian و روش تکرار متغیر برای مشکلات سیستم پویا
        Babatunde Yisa
        روش تجزیه Adomian و روش تکرار Variational Hee برای مشکلات نوسانگر غیرخطی که شامل نوسانگرهای محافظه کار است ، اعمال می شوند. به دلیل الگوریتم هایی که اصطلاحات غیرخطی را در مشکلات پذیرفته اند ، روش ها برای موارد عمومی و خاص موثر هستند. این دو روش بر روی برخی از مشکلات خاص More
        روش تجزیه Adomian و روش تکرار Variational Hee برای مشکلات نوسانگر غیرخطی که شامل نوسانگرهای محافظه کار است ، اعمال می شوند. به دلیل الگوریتم هایی که اصطلاحات غیرخطی را در مشکلات پذیرفته اند ، روش ها برای موارد عمومی و خاص موثر هستند. این دو روش بر روی برخی از مشکلات خاص در ادبیات آزمایش شده است ، و نتایج به دست آمده در مقایسه با نتایج به دست آمده از طریق استفاده از روش تعادل انرژی مقایسه شده است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        668 - ارائه یک الگوریتم ابتکاری جستجوی تصادفی برای مساله وبر چند تسهیلی با محدودیت ظرفیت تک منبعی با در نظر گرفتن هزینه راه تسهیلات
        سعید جهادی
        مساله وبر چند منبعی با محدودیت ظرفیت تک منبعی با در نظر گرفتن هزینه های راه اندازی تسهیلات مطالعه خواهد شد. هدف این مساله یافتن مکان استقرار برای تعداد معینی تسهیل در فضای پیوسته به منظور برآورده نمودن تقاضاهای تعداد معینی مشتری می باشد، بطوریکه مجموع هزینه کل حمل و نقل More
        مساله وبر چند منبعی با محدودیت ظرفیت تک منبعی با در نظر گرفتن هزینه های راه اندازی تسهیلات مطالعه خواهد شد. هدف این مساله یافتن مکان استقرار برای تعداد معینی تسهیل در فضای پیوسته به منظور برآورده نمودن تقاضاهای تعداد معینی مشتری می باشد، بطوریکه مجموع هزینه کل حمل و نقل بین تسهیلات و مشتریان و هزینه کل راه اندازی تسهیلات مینیمم گردد. تسهیلات ظرفیت محدود دارند و هر مشتری باید تمام تقاضای خود را فقط از یک تسهیل برآورده نماید. هزینه راه اندازی تسهیلات در اینجا یک هزینه متغیر می باشد بطوریکه مقدار آن وابسته به تعداد و نوع ماشین آلاتی می باشد که توسط هر تسهیل استفاده میگردد. به منظور حل این مساله یک الگوریتم ابتکاری با نام جستجوی تصادفی تکرار شونده در دو نسخه ارائه خواهد شد که درون آن روش های جستجوی محلی و روش حل دقیق بکار گرفته شده است. روش های ارائه شده بر روی یک مجموعه داده موجود در ادبیات آزمایش شده و جواب های بدست آمده با بهترین جواب های موجود در ادبیات برای این مساله مقایسه خواهد شد. نتایج بدست آمده نشان میدهد که روش های پیشنهادی عملکرد بهتری نسبت به روش های موجود در ادبیات دارد بطوریکه بهترین جواب های موجود در ادبیات بوسیله روش های پیشنهادی بهبود داده شد و بهترین جواب های بدست آمده از روش های پیشنهادی می تواند به عنوان یک منبع مقایساتی در مطالعات آتی استفاده گردد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        669 - SOLUTION OF FUZZY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS UNDER GENERALIZED DIFFERENTIABILITY BY ADOMIAN DECOMPOSITION METHOD
        ت. اللهویرانلو ل. جمشیدی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        670 - COMPARING NUMERICAL METHODS FOR THE SOLUTION OF THE DAMPED FORCED OSCILLATOR PROBLEM
        ع.ر وحیدی ق. اسدی کردشولی ز. عظیم زاده
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        671 - SOLVING NONLINEAR KLEIN-GORDON EQUATION WITH A QUADRATIC NONLINEAR TERM USING HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHOD
        H. جعفری م. سعیدی م. عرب فیروزجایی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        672 - Adomian Decomposition Method On Nonlinear Singular Cauchy Problem of Euler-Poisson- Darbuox equation
        Iyaya Wanjala
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        673 - Linear Programming, the Simplex Algorithm and Simple Polytopes
        Das Bhusan Biswal Bagaban J.P Tripathy
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        674 - Content Analysis of Peace in Shamlou's Poem (Case Study: Fresh Breath Book)
        Sajad Mombeini masoud hajizadehmeymandi yasin khorampor
         This study investigates the peace concept in Shamlou's poem, with emphasis on Fresh Breath book. To this end, Content Analysis has been used. First, based on definitions of peace, this concept is classified in 3 classes: freedom, fraternity and reclamation. Also, More
         This study investigates the peace concept in Shamlou's poem, with emphasis on Fresh Breath book. To this end, Content Analysis has been used. First, based on definitions of peace, this concept is classified in 3 classes: freedom, fraternity and reclamation. Also, for more objectivity, based on Moean's dictionary, each of these items was classified in some classes and codes had divided between them. Results show that the peace concept exists in Shamlou's Poem, too much. In 61 poems of all poems, peace is identifiable. Majority of codes, i.e 47.3% of them, had situated in fraternity item. In  conclusion, based on results of this research, we can know Shamlou as a peaceful poet that in his era, his poem is harbinger of freedom, friendship and fraternity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        675 - برآورد روند ژنتیکی تولید شیر روزآزمون توسط شکل لگاریتمی تابع وود با استفاده از یک مدل تابعیت تصادفی
        ز. پزشکیان ع.ا. شادپرور س. جوزی شکالگورابی
        برآورد روند ژنتیکی جهت نظارت و ارزیابی برنامه‪های انتخاب ضروری است. موضوع این مطالعه برآورد روند ژنتیکی تولید شیر گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از مدل تابعیت تصادفی بود. داده‪ها شامل 743205 رکورد روزآزمون از سال 1991 تا 2008 بود که توسط مرکز اصلاح نژاد دام ایران جمع‪آ More
        برآورد روند ژنتیکی جهت نظارت و ارزیابی برنامه‪های انتخاب ضروری است. موضوع این مطالعه برآورد روند ژنتیکی تولید شیر گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از مدل تابعیت تصادفی بود. داده‪ها شامل 743205 رکورد روزآزمون از سال 1991 تا 2008 بود که توسط مرکز اصلاح نژاد دام ایران جمع‪آوری شده بود. ارزش‪های اصلاحی، محیطی و فنوتیپی با استفاده از یک مدل تابعیت تصادفی برآورد شد. شکل لگاریتمی تابع وود جهت برازش اثرات ژنتیکی افزایشی و محیطی دائمی تولید شیر انتخاب شد. روندهای ژنتیکی، محیطی و فنوتیپی به وسیله تابعیت میانگین ارزش‪های اصلاحی، محیطی و فنوتیپی به سال تولد محاسبه شد. روندهای ژنتیکی و فنوتیپی مثبت و معنی‪دار بود، در حالیکه روند محیطی معنی‪داری برای تولید شیر مشاهده نشد. روند ژنتیکی تولید شیر برای نرها و برای ماده‪ها به صورت جداگانه محاسبه شد که این روند برای ماده‪ها مثبت و معنی‪دار بود اما برای نرها معنی‪دار نبود. همبستگی­های فنوتیپی، محیطی و ژنتیکی بین هر روز شیردهی و تولید کل 305 روز نیز برآورد شد. همبستگی‪های مربوط به ارزش‪های اصلاحی ضعیف گزارش شد که این بدین معنی است که با تغییر شکل لگاریتمی تولید شیر، می‪توان تداوم شیردهی را به طور مستقل از تولید شیر بهبود بخشید. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        676 - تولید آنتی ‏بادی مونوکلونال علیه پروتئین G1 بیان شده پروکاریوتی از ویروس تب بی‏دوام گاوی
        ر. پسندیده م.ر. صیفی آباد شاپوری م.ت. بیگی نصیری
        اپیتوپ G1 از گلیکوپروتئین G ویروس تب بی ‏دوام گاوی (BEFV) از لحاظ ژنتیکی و آنتی ‏ژنیکی در بین جدایه‏ های مختلف از این ویروس حفاظت شده است و تنها با آنتی ‏بادی‏ های خنثی‏ کننده ضد این ویروس واکنش می‏ دهد. بنابراین این آنتی‏ژن، یک نامزد منا More
        اپیتوپ G1 از گلیکوپروتئین G ویروس تب بی ‏دوام گاوی (BEFV) از لحاظ ژنتیکی و آنتی ‏ژنیکی در بین جدایه‏ های مختلف از این ویروس حفاظت شده است و تنها با آنتی ‏بادی‏ های خنثی‏ کننده ضد این ویروس واکنش می‏ دهد. بنابراین این آنتی‏ژن، یک نامزد مناسب برای توسعه آزمون ایمونوسوربنت متصل به آنزیم (ELISA) برای شناسایی سرولوژیکی حیوانات آلوده است. هدف از این مطالعه، تولید آنتی ‏بادی مونوکلونال علیه آنتی‏ژن G1 نوترکیب بیان شده در اشرشیاکلی بود. به این منظور، هیبرید‏های سلولی سوماتیک بین سلول‏ های میلومای SP2/0 و سلول‏ های طحال حاصل از موش ‏های Balb/c ایمن شده با پروتئین هم جوش MBP-G1 ایجاد شد. پس از سه مرتبه کلونینگ، پایداری ترشح آنتی‏ بادی درکلون ‏های مثبت با روش الایزا و واکنش آنتی‏ بادی‏‏ های مونوکلونال علیه G1 نوترکیب توسط آزمایش وسترن بلات تأیید شد. آنتی‏ بادی‏ های اختصاصی تولید شده علیه آنتی ­ژن نوترکیب G1 ممکن است به ­منظور طراحی آزمایش‏ های تشخیصی برای ویروس BEF در آینده مناسب باشند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        677 - اثر استفاده از فن آوری های تولیدمثلی در پیشرفت ژنتیکی گاوهای بومی سیستانی ایران: مطالعه شبیه سازی
        ه. فرجی-آروق م. رکوعی ع. مقصودی م. مهری س. انصاری مهیاری ا. کریستین سورنسن
        اثر تلقیح مصنوعی (AI)، انتقال جنین (ET) برای مادر نرها (BD) و اسپرم تعیین جنس شده (SS) برای مادر گاوها (CD) با و بدون کنترل هم ­خونی با استفاده از شبیه ­سازی تصادفی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. سه سطح انتقال جنین (بدون انتقال جنین، انتقال جنین برای کل مادر نرها و انتق More
        اثر تلقیح مصنوعی (AI)، انتقال جنین (ET) برای مادر نرها (BD) و اسپرم تعیین جنس شده (SS) برای مادر گاوها (CD) با و بدون کنترل هم ­خونی با استفاده از شبیه ­سازی تصادفی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. سه سطح انتقال جنین (بدون انتقال جنین، انتقال جنین برای کل مادر نرها و انتقال جنین برای 20 درصد مادر نرها)، پنج سطح اسپرم تعیین جنس شده (اسپرم معمولی، اسپرم حاوی کروموزوم X برای کل و 20 درصد مادر گاوها، اسپرم حاوی کروموزوم Y برای کل و 20 درصد مادر گاوها)، سه سطح تلقیح مصنوعی (بدون تلقیح مصنوعی، تلقیح مصنوعی برای 50 و 90 درصد گاوها) و دو سطح آمیزش (تصادفی و حداقل هم­تباری) باهم ترکیب شده و 66 راهبرد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و ترکیب بدون تلقیح مصنوعی، انتقال جنین و اسپرم معمولی به‌ عنوان گروه کنترل منظور گردید. جمعیت شبیه­ سازی شده شامل 40 گله 50 رأسی برای مدت 30 سال بود. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از تکنیک­ های تلقیح مصنوعی، انتقال جنین و اسپرم تعیین جنس شده نرخ سالیانه شاخص شایستگی کل (TMI)، هم­ خونی و صحت انتخاب را افزایش دادند. در مقایسه با گروه کنترل، نرخ تغییرات سالیانه شاخص شایستگی کل برای استفاده از تکنیک ­های تلقیح مصنوعی، انتقال جنین و ترکیب سه تکنیک (تلقیح مصنوعی، انتقال جنین و اسپرم تعیین جنس شده) به ترتیب 95/41، 91/36 و 91/83 درصد و تغییرات سالیانه هم­خونی به ترتیب 192، 57 و 207 درصد افزایش یافت. آمیزش با حداقل هم ­تباری هم­خونی را کاهش داد، اما بر پارامترهای دیگر تأثیری نداشت. نتایج پیشنهاد می­ کند که استفاده از انتقال جنین برای 20 درصد مادر نرها، اسپرم حاوی کروموزوم Y برای کل مادر گاوها و تلقیح مصنوعی برای 90 درصد گاوها به تنهایی و در ترکیب با یکدیگر به همراه آمیزش حداقل هم ­تباری ممکن است منجر به پیشرفت ژنتیکی بیشتر و کمترین نرخ هم­ خونی شود. این فن­ آوری‌ها و استراتژی کنترل هم ­خونی ممکن است نسبت تغییر سالیانه شاخص شایستگی کل به تغییرات سالیانه هم­ خونی را افزایش دهد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        678 - Analysis of Test Day Milk Yield by Random Regression Models and Evaluation of Persistency in Iranian Dairy Cows
        M. Elahi Torshizi A.A. Aslamenejad M.R. Nassiri H. Farhangfar J. Solkner M. Kovac G. Meszaros S. Malovrh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        679 - ارزیابی عملکرد و تولید لاشه جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با ضایعات ®Indomie در مناطق استوایی مرطوب
        ال.آ.اف. آکینولا پی. اکین
        این مطالعه با استفاده از صد و هشتاد جوجه‌های گوشتی (180) یکروزه، از سویه Anak برای ارزیابی تعداد گنجاندن ضایعات indomie به‌ عنوان یک جایگزین برای ذرت در 0، 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد انجام شد. پرندگان به‌ طور تصادفی به تیمارهای جیره غذایی با استفاده از طرح کاملاً تصادفی (CRD More
        این مطالعه با استفاده از صد و هشتاد جوجه‌های گوشتی (180) یکروزه، از سویه Anak برای ارزیابی تعداد گنجاندن ضایعات indomie به‌ عنوان یک جایگزین برای ذرت در 0، 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد انجام شد. پرندگان به‌ طور تصادفی به تیمارهای جیره غذایی با استفاده از طرح کاملاً تصادفی (CRD) اختصاص داده شدند. هر تیمار شامل 3 تکرار و هر تکرار 6 پرنده بود. این مطالعه به مدت هشت هفته (56 روز) به‌ طول انجامید. گنجاندن ضایعات indomie به ‌طور معنی‌داری (05/0>P) وزن نهایی، افزایش وزن، ضریب تبدیل غذایی، وزن سینه، ران، پشت و طول ساق پا را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. تفاوت معنی‌داری در مصرف خوراک، وزن گردن، ساق پا، بال، ران، و طول بال وجود نداشت (05/0<P). بر‌اساس مشاهدات حاصل از این مطالعه، نتیجه‌گیری می‌شود که جوجه‌های گوشتی در منطقه گرمسیری مرطوب نیجریه می‌توانند ضایعات indomie  در جیره غذایی تا سطح 100 درصد به ‌عنوان جایگزین ذرت بدون اثر سوء بر عملکرد و بازده لاشه را تحمل کنند، اما افزودن 25 درصدindomie  بهترین نتیجه را برای عملکرد مطلوب جوجه‌های گوشتی داشت که استفاده از آن در مناطق استوایی مرطوب توصیه می‌شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        680 - Intensive Artificial Selection Jeopardizes Animals, Well-Being: A Short Review
        F. Pazhoohi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        681 - فراتحلیل تأثیر پروبیوتیک بر عملکرد رشد گوساله‌های شیرخوار در ایران
        م. دهقان بنادکی ح. رجائی شریف‌آبادی م. وزیری گهر
        هدف از این مطالعه، فراتحلیل اثر پروبیوتیک‌ بر مصرف ماده خشک، افزایش وزن روزانه و بازده خوراک در گوساله‌های شیرخوار با استفاده از داده‌های مطالعات انجام شده در ایران بود. نتیجه بررسی منابع علمی، ۱۳ مقاله شامل شش مقاله به زبان انگلیسی، پنج مقاله به زبان فارسی و دو مقاله ا More
        هدف از این مطالعه، فراتحلیل اثر پروبیوتیک‌ بر مصرف ماده خشک، افزایش وزن روزانه و بازده خوراک در گوساله‌های شیرخوار با استفاده از داده‌های مطالعات انجام شده در ایران بود. نتیجه بررسی منابع علمی، ۱۳ مقاله شامل شش مقاله به زبان انگلیسی، پنج مقاله به زبان فارسی و دو مقاله ارائه شده در همایش‌های داخلی بود. فراتحلیل اثر تصادفی و همچنین متارگرسیون روی هشت مطالعه که برای هدف این مطالعه مناسب بود با استفاده از نرم‌افزار STATA/SE انجام شد. در آزمایشاتی که مدت زمان اندازه‌گیری ماده خشک مصرفی بیشتر از سن هشت هفتگی بود، استفاده از پروبیوتیک، سبب بهبود مصرف ماده خشک در گوساله‌های شیرخوار شد. افزایش وزن روزانه گوساله‌های شیرخوار به ‌طور مثبت تحت تأثیر استفاده از پروبیوتیک قرار گرفت، که این تأثیر مستقل از جنس گوساله، نوع پروبیوتیک، مدت زمان آزمایش و همچنین نحوه استفاده از پروبیوتیک بود. با این حال، بازده خوراک در گوساله‌های شیرخوار تحت تأثیر استفاده از پروبیوتیک قرار نگرفت. یافته‌های این مطالعه فراتحلیل اظهار می‌کند که استفاده از پروبیوتیک در تغذیه گوساله‌های شیرخوار می‌تواند افزایش وزن روزانه و همچنین مصرف ماده خشک را بهبود دهد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        682 - Vicia variabilis a Nutritive Feed for Domesticated Animals: A Survey about Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity
        M. Mosaddegh M. Hamzeloo Moghadam F. Naghibi S. Mohebby A. Pirani B. Eslami
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        683 - کشف نحوه بکارگیری مدل‌های تابعیت تصادفی چند جمله‌ای لژاندر در تجزیه و تحلیل اندازه کلاچ
        ع. عبادی تبریزی م. طهمورث‌پور ع. نجاتی جوارمی
        در حال حاضر، مدل‌های تابعیت تصادفی (RRM) برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های تکرار شونده در زمان، به عنوان مدل روتین مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. هدف این مقاله کشف نحوه بکارگیری مدل‌های تابعیت تصادفی چند جمله‌ای لژاندر در تجزیه و تحلیل رکوردهای تکرار شونده جدیدی به نام طول کلاچ More
        در حال حاضر، مدل‌های تابعیت تصادفی (RRM) برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های تکرار شونده در زمان، به عنوان مدل روتین مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. هدف این مقاله کشف نحوه بکارگیری مدل‌های تابعیت تصادفی چند جمله‌ای لژاندر در تجزیه و تحلیل رکوردهای تکرار شونده جدیدی به نام طول کلاچ (CS) به عنوان یک صفت مریستیک برای مرغان بومی ایران بود. توابع چند جمله‌ای لژاندر با درجه صفر تا 4 برای سن بلوغ جنسی (ASM) و با درجه 1 تا 10 برای اثرات ژنتیکی افزایشی و محیط دائم برازش داده شد. روز تولید به عنوان متغیر زمان در نظر گرفته شد. واریانس باقیمانده در طی زمان همگن فرض شد. آنالیزها در چارچوب حداکثر درستنمایی محدود شده و با استفاده از نرم افزار WOMBAT اجرا گردید. کفایت مدل‌ها با معیار اطلاعات بیزی (BIC) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس معیار اطلاعات بیزی حاصل شده از آنالیزها، مدل چند جمله‌ای با درجه 2 برای ASM و درجه 8 برای اثرات ژنتیکی افزایشی و محیط دائم، بهترین برازش را برای رکوردهای حاضر داشت. بالاترین واریانس فنوتیپی و محیط دایم صفت CS در ابتدای دوره تولید بود. واریانس ژنتیک افزایشی طی سنین 210 تا 265 روزگی نسبتاً ثابت ماند. برآورد وراثت پذیری صفت CS در محدوده 033/0 و 199/0 به ترتیب در روزهای 161 و 242 از دوره اول تخمگذاری بود. نسبت واریانس محیط دائم به واریانس فنوتیپی در محدوده 01/0 تا 264/0 بود. محدوده برآورد همبستگی ژنتیک افزایشی و محیط دائم به ترتیب 18/0- تا 99/0 و 5/0- تا 99/0 بود. همبستگی‌ها بین سنین نزدیک بهم بالا و با افزایش فاصله بین سنین، کاهش یافت. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        684 - تأثیر مکمل‌های سولفات مس و آرژنین بر عملکرد و خصوصیات لاشه در جوجه‌های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره‌های بر پایه کنجاله کانولا
        ص. عظیمی ‌یوالاری پ. فرهومند پ. باغبان کنعانی ب. حسین‌تبار قاسم‌آباد
        هدف از این آزمایش بررسی اثرات سولفات مس (0، 125 و 250 میلی‌گرم در کیلو‌گرم)، مکمل آرژنین (0، 1/0 و 2/0 درصد) و محتوی گلوکوزینولات بر عملکرد و خصوصیات لاشه در جوجه­های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره­های بر پایه کنجاله کانولا بود. آزمایش به شکل آزمون فاکتوریل 3 × 3 More
        هدف از این آزمایش بررسی اثرات سولفات مس (0، 125 و 250 میلی‌گرم در کیلو‌گرم)، مکمل آرژنین (0، 1/0 و 2/0 درصد) و محتوی گلوکوزینولات بر عملکرد و خصوصیات لاشه در جوجه­های گوشتی تغذیه شده با جیره­های بر پایه کنجاله کانولا بود. آزمایش به شکل آزمون فاکتوریل 3 × 3 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 405 قطعه جوجه­ گوشتی نر در یک دوره­ 3 هفته­ای (42-22 روزگی) انجام گرفت. میانگین افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک تحت تأثیر سطح 250 میلی­گرم در کیلو­گرم مس قرار گرفت (05/0>P). عمل­آوری کنجاله کانولا با مس (01/0>P) و افزودن سطح 2/0 درصد آرژنین (05/0>P) به جیره به طور معنی­داری وزن سینه را افزایش داد. همچنین، وزن نسبی ران نیز به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر سطح 250 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم مس و 2/0 درصد آرژنین قرار گرفت (05/0>P). مکمل­سازی سطح 2/0 درصد آرژنین باعث کاهش چربی حفره شکمی (01/0>P)، وزن شش­ها (05/0>P) و بالعکس افزایش وزن دوازدهه (05/0>P) و ژژنوم (01/0>P) گردید. پایین­ترین وزن سکوم در جوجه­های تغذیه شده با جیره­های بر پایه کنجاله کانولا عمل­آوری شده با سطح 250 میلی­گرم در کیلو­گرم مس مشاهده شد (05/0>P). به طور کلی نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که عمل‌آوری کنجاله کانولا با مس می­تواند باعث کاهش اثرات مضر گلوکوزینولات­ها بر عملکرد جوجه­های گوشتی گردد. علاوه بر این، افزودن سطح 2/0 درصد آرژنین می­تواند باعث تغییر تقسیم­بندی انرژی به سمت ذخیره پروتئین و کاهش چربی محوطه بطنی گردد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        685 - برآورد اجزای واریانس وزن بدن گوسفند مغانی با کمک مدل‌های رگرسیون تصادفی بی–اسپلاین
        پ. زمانی م.ر. مرادی د. علیپور ا. احمدی
        هدف از از پژوهش حاضر برآورد اجزای (کو) واریانس و پارامترهای ژنتیکی وزن بدن گوسفند مغانی، با کمک مدل­های رگرسیون تصادفی بر پایه توابع بی–‌اسپلاین بود. سری داده­ها شامل 9165 رکورد وزن بدن 60 تا 365 روزگی 2811 گوسفند مغانی، جمع‌آوری شده در سال­های 1373 تا More
        هدف از از پژوهش حاضر برآورد اجزای (کو) واریانس و پارامترهای ژنتیکی وزن بدن گوسفند مغانی، با کمک مدل­های رگرسیون تصادفی بر پایه توابع بی–‌اسپلاین بود. سری داده­ها شامل 9165 رکورد وزن بدن 60 تا 365 روزگی 2811 گوسفند مغانی، جمع‌آوری شده در سال­های 1373 تا 1392 در مؤسسه تحقیقات و اصلاح نژاد دام جعفر آباد استان اردبیل در ایران بود. داده­ها با کمک مدل­های رگرسیون تصادفی تجزیه شدند. گروه­های هم­دوره (سال‌–‌فصل تولد‌–‌جنس‌–‌نوع تولد‌–‌سن مادر هنگام تولد) و رگرسیون ثابت وزن بدن روی سن به عنوان بخش­های ثابت مدل­ها در نظر گرفته شدند. رگرسیون­های تصادفی اثرات ژنتیکی افزایشی مستقیم، محیطی دائمی، ژنتیکی افزایشی مادری و محیطی مادری بخش­های تصادفی مدل­ها بودند. توابع بی-‌اسپلاین خطی و درجه دو با دو یا سه ضریب برای رگرسیون­های ثابت و تصادفی مدل­ها برازش شدند. یک ساختار ناهم­گون واریانس باقی مانده در پنج کلاس سنی در نظر گرفته شد. اجزای واریانس با الگوریتم میانگین اطلاعات بیشترین درست‌ نمایی محدود شده (AI-REML) برآورد شدند. مدل­های مختلف بر اساس معیارهای اطلاعات آکایک (AIC) و بیزین (BIC) مقایسه شدند. بر اساس هر دو معیار، بهترین مدل، مدل دارای توابع بی–‌اسپلاین درجه دو با تعداد 3، 3، 3، 2 و 2 به­ ترتیب، برای رگرسیون ثابت و رگرسیون­های تصادفی اثرات ژنتیکی افزایشی مستقیم، محیطی دائمی، ژنتیکی افزایشی مادری و محیطی مادری بود. بر اساس این مدل، برآورد­های وراثت­پذیری مستقیم پایین تا متوسط (135/0 تا 330/0) و ضریب محیط دائمی متوسط تا بالا (229/0 تا 613/0) به دست آمدند، در حالی­که برآوردهای وراثت­پذیری مادری (05/0 تا 14/0) و ضریب محیط مادری (کمتر از 01/0) در همه سنین مقادیری پایین یا جزئی بودند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        686 - برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی و روند ژنتیکی نمره سلول‌های بدنی گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از رکوردهای روز آزمون
        K. Kheirabadi S. Alijani
        هدف از این پژوهش برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی و روند ژنتیکی نمره سلول‌های بدنی (SCS) سه دوره شیردهی نخست گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون تصادفی و روش حداکثر درست نمایی محدود شده بود. اطلاعات مورد استفاده شامل 340318 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 41526 حیوان در 288 More
        هدف از این پژوهش برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی و روند ژنتیکی نمره سلول‌های بدنی (SCS) سه دوره شیردهی نخست گاوهای هلشتاین ایران با استفاده از مدل رگرسیون تصادفی و روش حداکثر درست نمایی محدود شده بود. اطلاعات مورد استفاده شامل 340318 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 41526 حیوان در 288 گله، 89969 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 11750 حیوان در 127 گله، و 20010 رکورد روز آزمون مربوط به 2461 حیوان در 60 گله، به ترتیب برای دوره‌های شیردهی اول، دوم و سوم بین سال‌های 2002 تا 2010 بود. اثرات ثابت شامل سال زایش، سن-فصل در هنگام زایش (به صورت رگرسیون ثابت برای هر کلاس از این اثر) و گله-تاریخ رکورد برداری بود. برآورد واریانس‌های ژنتیک افزایشی، تنها با تغییرات جزئی، برای همه دوره‌های شیردهی روند مشابهی را نشان داد. برآوردهای وراثت پذیری برای دوره شیردهی اول (03/0 تا 07/0) کمتر از این مقدار برای دوره‌های شیردهی دوم (07/0 تا 11/0) و سوم (08/0 تا 17/0) بود. همبستگی-های ژنتیکی بین رکوردهای روز آزمون نمره سلول‌های بدنی برای روزهای مجاور بالا و بین دو انتهای دوره شیردهی پائین، و با افزایش دوره شیردهی کاهش یافت. همبستگی‌های ژنتیکی بین دوره‌های شیردهی بالاتر از 70/0، اما برای همبستگی‌های محیطی در دامنه 22/0 تا 51/0 بود. همبستگی‌های ژنتیکی بین دوره‌های شیردهی تائید می‌کند که ژنهای کنترل کننده نمره سلول‌های بدنی برای دوره‌های شیردهی مختلف مشابه بوده و انتخاب حیوان برای نمره سلول‌های بدنی دوره شیردهی اول روی نمره سلول‌های بدنی دیگر دوره‌های شیردهی تأثیرگذار خواهد بود. روند ژنتیکی نمره سلول‌های بدنی تا سال 1995 مطلوب و بعد از آن نامطلوب بود. سطح نسبتاً بالای نمره سلول‌های بدنی و روندهای ژنتیکی مثبت آن (431/0 تا 701/0 سال/میلی‌لیتر/سلول) نشان می‌دهند که در ایران بهبود ژنتیکی نمره سلول‌های بدنی در سطح قابل قبولی انجام نشده است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        687 - Genetic Analysis of Milk Yield in Iranian Holstein Cattle by the Test Day Model
        ی. نادری N. امام جمعه کاشان ر. واعظ ترشیزی م. امین افشار
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        688 - The physiological and biochemical responses of directly seeded and transplanted maize (Zea mays L.) supplied with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) under water stress
        Saeed Rezazadeh Mohammadnabi ilkaee Fayaz Aghayari Farzad Paknejad Mehdi Rezaee
        10.30495/ijpp.2019.670787
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        689 - Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improve plant growth, antioxidant capacity, and essential oil properties of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) under water stress
        Mitra Mirzaei Alireza Ladan Moghadam Leila Hakimi Elham Danaee
        10.30495/ijpp.2020.672574
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        690 - Wisdoms of death from Mowlavi's viewpoint in mathnavi
        mahmood Barati mansoreh Ebrahimi
        The phenomenon of death is one of the most mysterious issues related to humanity. No one has been and will be able to decipher the mystery of death through wisdom. The intellectuals of various disciplines have attempted to define and describe it in any way or any form o More
        The phenomenon of death is one of the most mysterious issues related to humanity. No one has been and will be able to decipher the mystery of death through wisdom. The intellectuals of various disciplines have attempted to define and describe it in any way or any form of expression, but have gained little success in this regard. One of these intellectuals is Mawlana Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhī (Rumi) who has frequently addressed this issue in Masnavi in a meticulous and leading manner. He has raised issues about the nature of death, the types of death, the wisdoms of death, lessons learned from death, fear of death, indicating death, etc. Using allegorical expressions, Mowlavi has made the audiences of Mathnavi familiar with death which signifies his special attention to the topic in the area of “Thinking of Death”. The present study is an attempt to find out Rumi's viewpoints through his layers of expression and deep and creative contemplations of his poetry by reflecting on Mathnavi; in addition to that, the current study is also aimed at present presenting the wisdoms of death in the teachings of Mathnavi.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        691 - A Study of the Moral-didactic Function of Wisdom in Hadiqat-al-Haqiqat and Masnavi
        Ali Sina Rakhshandehmand zahra hosseini
        Human wisdom and its power is one of the most basic categories that has attracted the attention of experts and scientists over time and they have studied the issue of intellect from different dimentions. Ethics deserves reflection, analysis and study from different pers More
        Human wisdom and its power is one of the most basic categories that has attracted the attention of experts and scientists over time and they have studied the issue of intellect from different dimentions. Ethics deserves reflection, analysis and study from different perspectives. Wisdom, religion, and conscience could could be influencial in moral trainings, either in the field of recognizing morality and moral virtues, or in performing them. Among them, however, the role and significance of wisdom and its moral-didactic function could not be neglected. As we know, the connection between wisdom and ethics is one of the special realms of rationalism and ethics, and moral attributes are realized by wisdom. Moral values are of special importance in the poetry of Sanai and Rumi. One of the repetitive concepts in Rumi's and Sanai's thoughts which has a significant function in their worldviews and schools is wisdom in general and its didactic function in particular. This study, which is a descriptive-analytical research, seeks to answer the fundamental question of the study, i.e. what kind of role the moral-didactic functions of wisdom play in human life. Based on the results, it was found that this function of wisdom has epistemological, motivational and disinceptive dimensions. Hence, wisdom in these works helps understanding the facts and the do's and don'ts. Therefore, it guides man to acquire the virtues and happiness and to prevent him from the destruction.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        692 - The study of the origin of didactic poetic literature and its course of development in Iran
        ahmadreza yalameha
        Literature has certain content and formal characteristics. Didactic literature is not an exception to this regard. Its prominent characteristics are teaching moral and educational points in the form advice and recommendation. On the other hand, the theme of didactic lit More
        Literature has certain content and formal characteristics. Didactic literature is not an exception to this regard. Its prominent characteristics are teaching moral and educational points in the form advice and recommendation. On the other hand, the theme of didactic literature is so deeply integrated with Persian literature that it cannot be separated from it. What makes didactic literature different us the purpose of its writer. Therefore, the field of the present paper includes the most important works i in the form if didactic literature. Based on this, what has been given of a poet work makes clear to the researcher that the didactic literature has two origins. Firstly, the characteristics of poet him or herself. If a poet reaches to a high developmental position she or he gives advice about positive discourse and reject negative discourse. Secondly, the dominant discourse of the society affects directly both poet and his or her poetry. Therefore, didactic literature prior to Islam is the deflection cruel government because the artist has not tried to reach to a high developmental ego. In fact, the artist has confirmed the dominant discourse of the society. After Islam, in the work of Sanaie and poets proceeding him we see ego development in didactic literature.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        693 - The Effect of Ethical Vices on the Disorders of Wisdom System Based on the Stories of Balaam-Baaura, Barsissa, Hāroot and Māroot from Masnai AlMaanavieh Alkhafieh by Golshani Bardaii
        ali akhlaghi Maryam Mahmodi Ahmadreza Yalameha
        10.30495/pars.2021.680941
         Masnavi Almaanavieh Alkhafieh written by Sheikh Ibrahim Ibne Mohammad Golshani Bardaii (830-940 HL), has been composed as an imitation of Matsnavi Molana. It contains plenty of mystical, ethical, incorporeal matters, explications and interpretations. In this paper More
         Masnavi Almaanavieh Alkhafieh written by Sheikh Ibrahim Ibne Mohammad Golshani Bardaii (830-940 HL), has been composed as an imitation of Matsnavi Molana. It contains plenty of mystical, ethical, incorporeal matters, explications and interpretations. In this paper, it is attempted to analyze the effect of ethical Vices on the disorders of wisdom system by using the three stories Balaam-Baaura, Barsissa, Hāroot and Māroot in this literary work. Although these three stories constitute about seven thousand line of this thirty-six-thousand-line work, Golshani Bardaii has expressed the essence of his thoughts and wisdom through these stories and examples. The aim of this research is to study the obstacles of the spiritual journey, the slippage the gnostic might confronted with, the temptation of the flesh, and ethical vices penetrating the human being's soul that results in the inverse reflection of the truth, impurity of the soul, committing guilt, enormous mystical unforgiveable crimes, and finally metamorphosis. Through mentioning the text evidences and by using textual extracts and tables, the authors have expressed the viewpoint of Golshani Bardaii on how one may follow negligence, pursuing whim-wham passions, the way gnostic might be led to aberration, and the practical realism of devotee. In this paper, direct effect of passion, desire, adultery, fame seeking, ignorance, stupidity, rationality and insight have been illustrated. Seeking for fame and whoremongery have been mentioned to be the biggest calamity which lead to inversion of reality and are considered as the objective evidence of pursuing sensuality and carnality.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        694 - Classism and Neo-classism Manifestations in Parvin Etesami’s Poems
        Khalil Baigzadeh ali safizadeh
        Parvin Etesami is one of neo-traditional, wisdom-oriented, idealist, moralist poets of the constitutional era. She has contributed to the introduction of Classism and Neo-classism in the contemporary Persian literature and was the greatest figure in this regard. She is More
        Parvin Etesami is one of neo-traditional, wisdom-oriented, idealist, moralist poets of the constitutional era. She has contributed to the introduction of Classism and Neo-classism in the contemporary Persian literature and was the greatest figure in this regard. She is a social poet with humanistic view who praises the struggle of contemporary human being and invites people to be reflective, intellectual and to make correct decisions. Although this classic poet seeks no particular ideology, she praises the individual, social, intellectual morality. She wishes the happiness for every human being. This study has examined classism and Neo-classism manifestations in Parvin Etesami’s Poems in the descriptive-analytical method by relying on comparative literature. Studies have shown that this contemporary poet has tended to morality, wisdom, realism, as well as avoiding ignorance and abnormality for saving people nationally. She makes relation between traditions and modernism; namely, she eludes the traditional instructions. Besides, she accepts the innovative concepts with open arms, which is important in neo-classism. Therefore, wisdom-orienting and intellectuality are main themes of poems in the constitutional era. She also advocates human’s authority and uses the new, up-date methods in he debates of debate. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        695 - Analysis of the virtue of wisdom in Shāhnāmeh based on Aristotle's theory of ethics of virtue
        zinat jahani Kimia Tajnia Ismail Eslami
        10.30495/pars.2021.685481
          Epic literature plays an important role in the moral education of society and Hakim Ferdowsi's Shāhnāmeh as the greatest national epic of Iran and the world, has always played a role in cultivating moral virtues, especially among Iranians. One of these virtues i More
          Epic literature plays an important role in the moral education of society and Hakim Ferdowsi's Shāhnāmeh as the greatest national epic of Iran and the world, has always played a role in cultivating moral virtues, especially among Iranians. One of these virtues is wisdom. The manifestations of wisdom as a virtue in Shāhnāmeh can be put under two headings, first, innate and instinctive wisdom, and second, acquired wisdom. To explain these two kinds of wisdom, Aristotle's theory of moral virtue or the threefold knowledge, emotion and will has been used as a philosophical and theoretical framework. For each of the three cases, example has been quoted from Shāhnāmeh. In this research, the author has used a descriptive-analytical method and library studies to analyze the virtue of wisdom in Shāhnāmeh based on Aristotle's theory of virtue. The results indicate that the concept of wisdom and rationality used in both realms have been expressed in Shāhnāmeh; In other words, Ferdowsi in his moral and educational teachings, by informing, motivating and manifesting wisdom and rationality in practice, has provided the ground for promoting and cultivating wisdom as a moral action. His work in this regard has a philosophical and educational basis.           Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        696 - Mas’ood Ghaznavi’s Wise Behavior in Tarikh-e Beihaghi Based on Ardelt’s Three-Dimensional Model of Wisdom (3D-WS(
        marzieh mashalian Leila Hashemian
        Wisdom has been widely treated in major Persian literary and religious works including Avesta, Minoo-ye Kherad, Shahnameh, Golestan and Boostan, Kelileh va Demneh, Naser Khosrow’s Divan, and Tarikh-e Beihaghi. Due to the complicated and culture-specific nature of More
        Wisdom has been widely treated in major Persian literary and religious works including Avesta, Minoo-ye Kherad, Shahnameh, Golestan and Boostan, Kelileh va Demneh, Naser Khosrow’s Divan, and Tarikh-e Beihaghi. Due to the complicated and culture-specific nature of wisdom, no comprehensive definition has been formulated for it. However, it is generally agreed that wisdom involves knowledge, discernment, thought, and combining one’s interests with other people’s welfare. Since the vast field of literature overlaps with many other disciplines and the notion of wisdom varies from one culture to another, the present study seeks to analyze the wise behavior of Sultan Mas’ood Ghaznavi in Tarikh-e Beihaghi based on Ardelt’s three-dimensional model of wisdom (called 3D-WS) with the aim of providing a definition of wisdom specific to Iranian culture. The adopted approach is qualitative and descriptive and is based on library research. Mas’ood Ghaznavi was selected by purposeful sampling as a wise ruler from among the characters in Tarikh-e Beihaghi. Content analysis was conducted on stories and events from Tarikh-e Beihaghi in three steps, i.e. implementation, open coding, and selective coding. The results suggest that Beihaghi’s view of the components of a king’s wise behavior conform to modern theories of psychology including 3D-WS. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        697 - Wised Semi-Supervised Cluster Ensemble Selection: A New Framework for Selecting and Combing Multiple Partitions Based on Prior knowledge
        Fozieh Asghari Paeenroodposhti Saber Nourian Muhammad Yousefnezhad
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        698 - Presenting an Imperceptible Steganographic Algorithm through Genetic Algorithm and Mix Column Transform
        Mahsa Amini Kaleibar Saeid Taghavi Afshord
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        699 - A New Hybrid Method for Colored Image Steganography Based On DWT
        Amir Massoud Bidgoli Sara Behrang
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        700 - ADABOOST Ensemble Algorithms for Breast Cancer Classification
        Moshood Hambali Yakub Saheed Tinuke Oladele Morufat Gbolagade
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        701 - Deep Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Image Classification via Low Rank Representation Learning
        Yeganeh Madadi Vahid Seydi Reshad Hosseini
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        702 - Unsupervised Texture Image Segmentation Using MRFEM Framework
        Marzieh Azarian Reza Javidan Mashallah Abbasi Dezfuli
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        703 - VRED: An improvement over RED algorithm by using queue length growth velocity
        Shahram Jamali Bita Alipasandi Neda Alipasandi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        704 - Random Texture Defect Detection by Modeling the Extracted Features from the Optimal Gabor Filter
        S.Abdollah Mirmahdavi Abdollah Amirkhani Alireza Ahmadyfard M. R. Mosavi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        705 - Study of the prevalence and incidence of different lice species in domestic fowls of Shahrekord, Chaharmahal-va-Bakhtiari province in 1396 to 1397
        masood khakzadihe Shahab bahadoran Reyhaneh gasemi Azita Bahari Babadi Morvarid Karimi
        Evaluation of outbreak and incidence of lice in domestic chickens as a food source of villagers and less developed areas is one of the most important health concerns to reduce the feed conversion rate and improving the production efficiency of this type of birds. The ai More
        Evaluation of outbreak and incidence of lice in domestic chickens as a food source of villagers and less developed areas is one of the most important health concerns to reduce the feed conversion rate and improving the production efficiency of this type of birds. The aim of this study is microscopic examination of the prevalence and outbreak of different species of lice in native birds of Shahrekord and suburban areas of this city in 1396 to 1397. Data collection started from November 2017 to May 2018 from 200 native birds of Shahrekord city and suburban areas in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province that carried out at the flocks and also samples referred to the clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Shahrekord University. The identification method was performed using optical microscope and diagnostic keys. The results of this study indicate that 60 percent (120 infected specimens) are contaminated with lice and 40 percent are non-contaminated among native birds. The amount of infection to any lice was based on the number of isolated, including 42 cases of Menacanthus stramineus, 55 cases of Menopon gallinae, 30 cases of Goniodes dissimilis and 10 cases of Magnina cubitalis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        706 - Genetic evaluation of first calving Iranian Holstein dairy cattle at different test days.
        bagher zinvand mojarad
        Using test day records of first lactation of 38547 Holstein dairy cows in 163 herds, the genetic parameters of the population estimated. The analyze conducted with a random regression Test Day model with fixed effects of herd- year- season and age at calving as covariat More
        Using test day records of first lactation of 38547 Holstein dairy cows in 163 herds, the genetic parameters of the population estimated. The analyze conducted with a random regression Test Day model with fixed effects of herd- year- season and age at calving as covariates. Direct genetic and permanent environmental effects were included in the models as random effects. The Random direct genetic and permanent environmental effects were fitted on milk production curve using Leagendre orthogonal polynomial with power four in random regression model. The highest and the lowest heritability estimates were at first (0.07±0.001) and Ninth (0.24±0.01) test days, respectively. The Genetic correlations of the adjacent records were high and its value was low with increasing distance between the months of recording. Genetic correlations between the first and the tenth month of lactation was determined at least. Maximum additive genetic correlations between adjacent months and its value decreased with increasing distance.Minimal phenotypic correlation between the first and the tenth month of lactation (0.23) were estimated. Maximum additive phenotypic correlations between adjacent months of lactation and it was (0.7) for ninth and tenth months. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        707 - On the Analysis of Barriers in front of Domestic Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas with Emphasis on Resistive Economy to Deprived Areas from Basiji Jihadist Students' Points of View (Case Study: Kamfiroz Rural District, Marvdasht County)
        M. Rahmanian koushki Y. Zarei A. Estelaji
        Small scale entrepreneurship in business format at home and housework is considered as an important solution for creating employment and revenue around the world, and it can be a shortcut to realizing a resistive economy in our country. Although domestic entrepreneurshi More
        Small scale entrepreneurship in business format at home and housework is considered as an important solution for creating employment and revenue around the world, and it can be a shortcut to realizing a resistive economy in our country. Although domestic entrepreneurship is one of the best fields of women’s economic activity, particularly in rural areas, its development is facing lots of obstacles and limitations.Accordingly, the present study was done with the aim of analyzing the barriers in front of domestic entrepreneurship with emphasis on resistive economy. The dominant approach of this study was quantitative based on survey method. The population included 150 Basiji Jihadist students in Marvdasht Islamic Azad university (N=150) which were studied using census method. Finally, 126 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Questionnaire was the main tool to collect data. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and specialists. In order to determine the reliability of the research tool, a pre-test was performed. The Cronbach alpha was calculated for the main scale of the questionnaire (α = 0.794), which indicated the suitability of the research tool. The data was analyzed using SPSSwin22 and LISREL 8.80 software. For identifying obstacles in front of home entrepreneurship with an emphasis on resistive economy, and to investigate the good index of the research model, the exploratory factor analysis and also, confirmatory factor analysis as well as structural equations model (SEM) were employed, separately. The results of factor analysis related to the barriers in front of domestic entrepreneurship showed that variables have been subjected to six factors of supportive weakness, economic barriers, cultural and social barriers, knowledge and information giving weaknesses, family barriers and lack of relevant laws. These six factor explained 70.521 % variance of the obstacles in front of domestic entrepreneurship with an emphasis on resistive economy. Finally, some recommendations were developed based on the research findings.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        708 - An Analysis of the Functional Role of Small Cities in Having Sustainability Dimensions Domain of Influence Cities (Case study: Spake and Benet in Nikshahr city)
        mohammad karim raesi Masuomeh Hafez Rezazadeh Maryam Karimian Bostani
        the purpose of the present study is to An Analysis of the Functional Role of Small Cities in Having Sustainability Dimensions Domain of Influence Cities (Case study: Spake and Benet in Nikshahr city). The dominant approach is the qualitative and quantitative research sp More
        the purpose of the present study is to An Analysis of the Functional Role of Small Cities in Having Sustainability Dimensions Domain of Influence Cities (Case study: Spake and Benet in Nikshahr city). The dominant approach is the qualitative and quantitative research space and the type of applied research. The results of Friedman test to investigate the impact of Nikshahr city on sustainability dimensions in the Cities of influence (Benet and Spake) showed, the physical and social dimension has the highest score (in Benet) and the environmental dimension has the lowest score in both cities. The results of the study of the impact of Nikshahr city on four dimensions in Benet and Spake cities using binomial test showed that the status of economic, social, physical and environmental dimensions are not the same in both Benet and Spake cities. To analyze the relationship between development dimensions, path analysis test was used, The results show a significant and direct relationship between developmental dimension. Finally, one-sample t-test was used to investigate the effect of factors and forces on reinforcement of small town of Nikshahr in order to enhance regional development. The results showed that the four components studied with a significant level of less than 0.05, are effective in strengthening the city of Nikshahr in order to strengthen the development of the affected areas. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        709 - تیمار پساب (شهری و بیمارستانی) به کمک گیاهان زینتی: مرور
        ضیا رحمان
        این مطالعه به دو نوع پساب­های تیمار نشده شامل پساب شهری (مناطق توریستی) و پساب صنایع داروسازی و چگونگی استفاده از آن­ها در زمین­های مرطوب (غرقاب) می­پردازد. در مناطق کوهستانی ایجاد یک سیستم دفع فاضلاب مناسب مشکل است و این مطالعه بر آن است که یک روش مناسب More
        این مطالعه به دو نوع پساب­های تیمار نشده شامل پساب شهری (مناطق توریستی) و پساب صنایع داروسازی و چگونگی استفاده از آن­ها در زمین­های مرطوب (غرقاب) می­پردازد. در مناطق کوهستانی ایجاد یک سیستم دفع فاضلاب مناسب مشکل است و این مطالعه بر آن است که یک روش مناسب در اختیار ما بگذارد. در زمین­های غرقاب باید مواد سمی از آب خارج شود و برای این کار یک لایه CW سطحی احداث می­کنند. گیاهان زینتی مانند Canna flaccida، شیپوری و C. indica در این مطالعه استفاده شدند که نتایج سودمند پایداری در 80 % کاهش BOD و COD به همراه داشتند. کاربامازپین یک داروی پرمصرف است که باعث آلودگی آب­ها می­شود. با احداث یک جریان افقی زیر سطحی، این مسئله قابل حل است، برای این کار جریان عمودی در زمین مورد نظر خواهیم داشت و بعد از آن این پساب در استخرهایی مستقر می­شود. از سه گونه زینتی (Thypha latifolia, Iris sibrica, Zantedeschia aethiopica) استفاده شد و پارامترهای DO، pH و EC کنترل شد و میانگین وزن برداشت شده به­ترتیب (%) 5/4 ± 5/62 و % 5/4 ± 59 بود. نتایج نشان داد که دو گیاه اول (تیفا و زنبق) عملکرد عالی داشتند. گیاهان زینتی برای گلدهی، گیاهان تجاری مثل گل شیپوری، پرنده بهشتی، آنتوریوم و آگاپانتوس بودند. بعد از اینکه سیستم با پساب مورد نظر آبیاری شد، گل شیپوری حدود 60 گل داد و بقیه گونه­ها برگ­های بزرگی تولید کردند و بعضی از آن­ها بخاطر شرایط نامساعد محیطی از بین رفتند. داده­ها حاکی از آن است که Canna indica نتایج خوبی در مورد BOD و COD داد و گل شیپوری پتانسیل تولید گل بالایی در شرایط آب و هوایی محل آزمایش داشت. این در حالی است که در رابطه با کاربامازپین، دو تا از گونه­ها توانایی جذب مواد آلاینده را داشتند: زنبق و گل شیپوری. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        710 - Molecular Cloning and Analysis of Two Flowering Related Genes from Apple (Malus × domestica)
        N. Mahna B. Baghban Kohneh Rouz
        Apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) is the fourth fruit in importance and Iran ranks fifth in apple production in the world. Longevity of juvenility in apple extends breeding cycles and makes its breeding a tough job. To alleviate this barrier via genetic engineering, More
        Apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) is the fourth fruit in importance and Iran ranks fifth in apple production in the world. Longevity of juvenility in apple extends breeding cycles and makes its breeding a tough job. To alleviate this barrier via genetic engineering, the genes involved in flowering and floral development of apple and their function must be identified and characterized. Most of these genes fall in a class of transcription factors named MADS-box genes. In the present research, we cloned and analysed the sequences and features of two of these genes, MdMADS1 and MdMADS3, from apple ‘Golden Delicious’ for a deeper functional analysis in the near future. They were found to be homologs of SEP genes belonging to the class E genes involved in flower development and lied in the AGL2 clade of MADS-box genes in the phylogenetic tree made for apple and Arabidopsis MADS-box proteins. In silicostudies exemplified that both genes had eight exons and seven introns with a long first intron of about 4 Kb and 3 Kb forMdMADS1 and MdMADS3, respectively. The results showed that the structure of both genes has noticeably differed from other SEP-like genes in evolution. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        711 - Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Pseudomonas Fluorescens with Various Levels of Superphosphate on Growth Enhancement and Flowering Response of Gerbera
        Karishma Kuldeep Yadav Anju Tanwar Ashok Aggarwal
        Gerbera jamesoniiis of commercial significance and fifth most used cut flower in the world today. A pot experiment was performed to see the effect of co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) i.e. (Glomus mosseae andAcaulospora laevis) with phosphate solubili More
        Gerbera jamesoniiis of commercial significance and fifth most used cut flower in the world today. A pot experiment was performed to see the effect of co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) i.e. (Glomus mosseae andAcaulospora laevis) with phosphate solubilizing bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescensin the presence of different doses of superphosphate (low, medium, high) on growth establishment and flowering response of Gerbera. Among all treatments, plants inoculated with mix culture of G. Mosseae +A. laevis+P. fluorescens showed best response in terms of greater root length, root biomass, percent root colonization, AM spore number, number of flowers, phosphorus content and phosphatase activity at lower concentration of superphosphate. Moreover, maximum increase in leaf area and shoot biomass was found in plants treated with dual combination of G. mosseae +P. fluorescens at lower concentration of superphosphate. This study provides a good scope for commercially utilizing the efficient strains of AM fungi withP. fluorescens in the establishment and growth improvement of Gerbera. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        712 - Adoption of NERICA Varieties and Their Associated Technologies by Smallholder Farmers in the Northern and Southern Regions of Sierra Leone
        Philip Kamanda Edwin Momoh Mark Yila Masa Motaung
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        713 - Dynamics of Global Agricultural Productivity and Democratic Governance Structure: Implications for Sustainable Food Supply
        Job Nmadu Usman Mohammed Yebosoko Nmadu Halima Sallawu Sokoyami Nmadu Mohammed Ndanitsa Ezekiel Yisa Kpotun Baba Taiwo Amos Abigail Jirgi
        Good governance leads to economic growth although most countries of the world lack it. Little attention had been given to isolate the effect of the governance system on agricultural productivity which necessitate this research. This research is a global study on the rel More
        Good governance leads to economic growth although most countries of the world lack it. Little attention had been given to isolate the effect of the governance system on agricultural productivity which necessitate this research. This research is a global study on the relationship between regime type and agricultural productivity drawing data from three main sources. A total of 14 models and scenarios were estimated to isolate the continents and or regime types that could exacerbate or enhance global Total Factor Productivity (TFP). The results indicates that full democracy is practised in about 10% of the countries. TFP is highest in most countries that practice full democracy (FD) while it was lowest in countries under authoritarian regimes. From the results of the estimation of all the models, only agriculture contribution to GDP had about .45% impact on TFP over the period of this data. However, it would appear that changes to TFP is more likely to occur in countries within continents rather than in countries practising similar regime type. In terms of which regime or continent caused the greatest variability; Asia is on top of the continents while authoritarian regimes are on top of the regime type. The study recommends the institution of political reforms in countries operating imperfect democratic regimes to enhance investment in agricultural R&D especially in Africa, Asia and CIS. In addition, countries not practicing FD should work towards improving their TFP by at least 50% of the current level and translate the free resources to other sectors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        714 - Effect of Seed Inoculation with Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Yield and Growth faba bean (Vicia faba L.) at the Different Values of Phosphorus Fertilizers
        Peyman Sharifi Zeinab MaghbolKerdar
            This research carried out in a field factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht at 2016-17 growing season. Experimental factors were including two levels of Pseudomonas fluorescent (seed inoculation More
            This research carried out in a field factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht at 2016-17 growing season. Experimental factors were including two levels of Pseudomonas fluorescent (seed inoculationand uninoculation) and six levels of phosphate fertilizer from super phosphate triple source (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg/ha). Pseudomonas effect was significant on pod length, number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant, hundred seed weight, dry seed yield, harvest index and phosphorous seed content (P≤ 0.01). Effect of phosphate fertilizer was significant on number of pod per plant, hundred seed weight, dry seed yield, harvest index and phosphorous seed content (P≤ 0.01). Interaction effects of two factors were significant on all of the studied traits except of harvest index (P≤ 0.01). The highest value of phosphorous seed content (355 ppm) was observed in combination treatment of 150 kg P/ha and Pseudomonas inoculation. Seed yield was 3893.3 kg/ha in combination of seed inoculation with Pseudomonas and phosphate fertilizer (90 kg/ha), which there was no significant differences with 120 and 150 kg P/ha. This fertilizer combination increased 38 percent seed yield in comparison to 90 kg/ha phosphate fertilizer and uninoculation of Pseudomonas bacteria. Overall, the inoculation with Pseudomonas bacteria and phosphate fertilizer (90 kg/ha) could achieve seed yield potential, reduce the adverse environmental impacts and save the P-fertilizer utilization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        715 - Clustering Social Progress and its Impact on Economic Growth
        hoda Rezaei Roshan ali rahmani Amir Mansour Tehranchian Reza Ali Mohseni
        The present paper intends to test the impact of these two variables of social progress and economic freedom on economic growth. Statistics related to the social progress, economic freedom and per capita gross domestic product in 128 countries are based on the Social Dev More
        The present paper intends to test the impact of these two variables of social progress and economic freedom on economic growth. Statistics related to the social progress, economic freedom and per capita gross domestic product in 128 countries are based on the Social Development Index, the Heritage Foundation and the World Bank in 2017, and are used the methods of decision tree and multiple regression. The results of the decision tree method show that there are significant differences in the rate of social progress and economic freedom between countries with different revenues. Also, the results of multiple regression estimations in the study year show that the variables of social progress and economic freedom in these countries have been effective and have a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita. Thus, with the effectiveness of these indicators, society will come toward development and economic and social well-being, and this society will be an ideal society. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        716 - Representation of economic components of Iranian-Islamic lifestyle in domestic computer game
        Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Alireza Esmaeili Shahrzad Bazrafshan Mohsen Noghani
        With the advancement of technology, families' lifestyle has changed, and computer games have found a special place among families. Since the 1960s, with the advent of computer games, lifestyle change has been a hidden and visible goal established in many computer games. More
        With the advancement of technology, families' lifestyle has changed, and computer games have found a special place among families. Since the 1960s, with the advent of computer games, lifestyle change has been a hidden and visible goal established in many computer games.Some foreign computer games are produced to change lifestyles, change religious values and beliefs, and transform children's attitudes and viewpoints. And since children and adolescents are the future makers of society and computer games' influence on them is evident, it is essential to pay attention to this matter.With proper planning and goal setting, it is possible to promote life skills and Iranian and Islamic lifestyle principles in computer games, provided that the officials and those in charge also have the necessary support for domestic game makers.This study aims to analyze the representation of economic components of the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle in domestic computer games by examining the relevant components in five different computer games.This paper's research method is a qualitative method based on semiotics of economic components of the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle in domestic computer games.The results of this research, which are presented in numerous tables, show that the local computer game industry's high capability to introduce and promote the principles, values, and principles of the Iranian-Islamic lifestyle has not been used appropriately. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        717 - Comparison of e-learning and traditional education on cognitive learning (case study: undergraduate physics students at the University of Kashan)
        محمدعلی میرزابیگی علی فاطمیان
        This study examines the impact of e-learning on cognitive learning (at different levels) and comparison with traditional learning in a university physics course Kashan. The research methodology used in this study was semi-experimental research design, the two groups pre More
        This study examines the impact of e-learning on cognitive learning (at different levels) and comparison with traditional learning in a university physics course Kashan. The research methodology used in this study was semi-experimental research design, the two groups pre-test and post-test. For this study a sample of size n = 61, the total population was selected. To measure student learning, achievement test developed by the researchers with trustworthiness 0.81 , was conducted in two stages, before and after training. Independent t-tests were used to analyze the data. The results indicate that e-learning was effective in increasing students' cognitive learning..The results indicate that e-learning in enhancing cognitive learning in knowledge, understanding and application have been effective. But this method of learning is increasing cognitive levels of analysis, synthesis and evaluation had no effect. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        718 - Study of philosophical training recognition of Mulla Sadra
        محسن فهیم سمیه عظیمی فاطمه دولت آبادی
        The purpose of this paper is to show that the philosophy of education philosophy of Mulla Sadra be able to reply to educate humans. Because rational thinking education and training and the dissemination and expansion of the main foundations of the philosophy that scienc More
        The purpose of this paper is to show that the philosophy of education philosophy of Mulla Sadra be able to reply to educate humans. Because rational thinking education and training and the dissemination and expansion of the main foundations of the philosophy that science is the foundation.It is necessary, because in the eyes of Mulla Kamal breath lead to divine light. This article is a descriptive study is provided. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        719 - برآورد ارزش بهبود وضعیت زیست‌محیطی دریاچه ارومیه: کاربرد روش آزمون انتخاب
        Mina Salehnia Baballah Hayati Mohammad Ghahremanzadeh Morteza Molaei
        دریاچه ارومیه و تالاب­های اقماری آن به عنوان یکی از سایت­های نمونه طرح حفاظت از تالاب­های ایران با مشارکت برنامه عمران سازمان ملل انتخاب شده است. هدف این طرح، کاهش تهدیدات عمده پیش روی این منطقه تالابی با استفاده از یک برنامه جامع مدیریتی است. بنابراین در ای More
        دریاچه ارومیه و تالاب­های اقماری آن به عنوان یکی از سایت­های نمونه طرح حفاظت از تالاب­های ایران با مشارکت برنامه عمران سازمان ملل انتخاب شده است. هدف این طرح، کاهش تهدیدات عمده پیش روی این منطقه تالابی با استفاده از یک برنامه جامع مدیریتی است. بنابراین در این پژوهش به بررسی ترجیحات و استخراج مقادیر تمایل به پرداخت شهروندان ارومیه در جهت بهبود ویژگی­های زیست محیطی دریاچه ارومیه با استفاده از روش آزمون انتخاب پرداخته شده است. داده­ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز از شهروندان شهر ارومیه در سال 1390 به دست آمده و با کاربرد مدل لاجیت پارامترهای تصادفی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تمایل به پرداخت به بهبود ارتفاع سطح تراز آب از شرایط بحرانی فعلی به سطح مطلوب تعلق دارد. رسیدن به حد مطلوب کیفیت آب(میزان شوری)، تعداد فلامینگو و آرتمیای دریاچه در ردیف­های بعدی تمایل به پرداخت افراد قرار دارند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        720 - Study of microfacies of the Kazhdomi Formation in northeast of Shiraz (Ab Chego mountain)
        Masih Afghah Roya Fanati Rashidi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        721 - Town trip forecasting based on data mining techniques
        Mohammad Fili Majid Khedmati
        10.30495/jiei.2020.678774
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        722 - A production-inventory model with permissible delay incorporating learning effect in random planning horizon using genetic algorithm
        Mohuya B. Kar Shankar Bera Debasis Das Samarjit Kar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        723 - Fuzzy Reliability Optimization Models for Redundant Systems
        ل Nematian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        724 - Robust Wagner–Whitin algorithm with uncertain costs
        Payam Hanafizadeh Amir Shahin Mehdi Sajadifar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        725 - Periodic flexible maintenance planning in a single-machine production environment
        Mehdi Iranpoor S. M. T. Fatemi Ghomi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        726 - A fuzzy random multi-objective approach for portfolio selection
        M.B Aryanezhad H Malekly M Karimi-Nasab
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        727 - Fuzzy completion time for alternative stochastic networks
        S.S Hashemin
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        728 - Evaluation of adhession and viability of endometrial stem cells-derived osteoblast-like cells cultured on PLGA/HA scaffold
        mojdeh salehi jafar ai nasrin lotfibakhshaiesh shiva irani سمیه ابراهیمی باروق
        Introduction: The engineered tissue structure includes three components: cells, signaling pathway and scaffold. The polylactide-co-glycolide/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) has attracted much attention due to their optimal properties because of using PLGA polymer and hydroxyap More
        Introduction: The engineered tissue structure includes three components: cells, signaling pathway and scaffold. The polylactide-co-glycolide/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) has attracted much attention due to their optimal properties because of using PLGA polymer and hydroxyapatite. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility effect of PLGA/HA scafffold on osteoblast differentiated from hEnSCs. We aimed to evallute the adhesin of cells on scaffolds. hEnSCs were isolated from human endometrium tissue and induced the osteogenic differentiation, then the differentiated cells were cultured on PLGA/HA synthetic scaffolds. A nanocomposite scaffolds based on PLGA/HA were fabricated by electrospinning methode and behavior of differentiated osteoblast cells was evaluated after seeding cells on this scaffold. Osteogenesis was investigated in terms of attachment, alkaline phosphatase activity and gene expression. Morphogenic of cells in scaffold was evaluated by SEM and biocampatibility of this scaffold was confirmed by MTT assay. The alkaline phosphatase activity confirmed osteoblast differentiation. SEM studies showed that the surface properties of scaffold were desirable and the cells had the ability to attach and proliferate better on the nanocomposite scaffolds. It has been shown that the nanocomposite scaffolds have appropriate properties to support the attachment of differentiated osteoblast cells. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        729 - Investigation of the frequency of exoA and exoT genes in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibiotic resistance of strains
        Shadi Mahboubi Somayeh Ataei-e Jaliseh
        10.30495/jdb.2023.1968782.1333
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacillus and an opportunistic pathogen. This bacterium is the third most common cause of nosocomial infections. Exoenzymes T, S, U, Y are secreted by the type III secretion system, which is one of the important pathogenic factor More
        Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacillus and an opportunistic pathogen. This bacterium is the third most common cause of nosocomial infections. Exoenzymes T, S, U, Y are secreted by the type III secretion system, which is one of the important pathogenic factors of this bacterium, and exotoxin A is secreted by the type II secretion system. In this study, the frequency of exoA and exoT genes in clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the antibiotic resistance of the strains were investigated. 29 strains of P. aeruginosa bacteria were identified from patients admitted to Razi Hospital in Rasht, using common microbiology methods and were examined along with the standard strain of ATCC27853. The resistance of these strains to 6 types of antibiotics was determined using disk diffusion method. Then DNA extraction and PCR was performed to determine the frequency of exoA and exoT genes. In this research, the highest rate of antibiotic resistance was observed for Imipenem(86.75). The results obtained from PCR showed a frequency of 37.93%for exoA and 68.96% for exoT. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        730 - Experimental Study on Evaluation of Effects of Implantation Site of Mesenchymal Stem Cells/scaffold on Recovery of Diabetic in a Rat Model
        elham hoveizi
        10.30495/jdb.2023.1966697.1331
        Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune and chronic disorder that has spread rapidly all over the world due to lifestyle and obesity. In this study, we are trying to find an effective step in controlling diabetes by designing an engineered tissue and grafting it to different More
        Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune and chronic disorder that has spread rapidly all over the world due to lifestyle and obesity. In this study, we are trying to find an effective step in controlling diabetes by designing an engineered tissue and grafting it to different sites in the animal model. Uterine endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EnMSCs) were prepared using the enzymatic extraction method and PAN nanofiber scaffold by electrospinning method. EnMSCs were cultured on the scaffold and transplanted into diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin. The engineered tissue was transplanted in one group peritoneally in the abdominal cavity and the other group subcutaneously. Also, in another group of rats, EnMSCs were injected through the tail. After transplantation, blood glucose, insulin, and weight of rats were measured. The findings of the present study showed that the method and area of stem cell transplantation play an important role in the control of diabetes. In the groups receiving EnMSCs, glucose concentration, blood insulin level, and body weight were improved compared to the control group. Compared to other groups, glucose concentration decreased significantly and blood insulin level and body weight increased significantly in rats receiving a peritoneal transplant. In the subcutaneous transplant group and the injection group, there was no significant difference in the investigated criteria. According to the results of this study, transplantation of EnMSCs using PAN scaffold in the peritoneal site can be suggested for the treatment of diabetes, although more studies are needed in this field to provide a complete treatment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        731 - The Impact of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on Central Asia’s Security
        Mohammadreza Dehshiri Hedayat Allah Nobar Turkaman Fatemeh Hashemi
        w
        w Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        732 - The Relation between Liberty and Justice in Ali Shariati’Political Thought
        Hassan Abniki Maryam Danesh
        [
        [ Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        733 - p1
        Shirin Yadegari Rahim Khastoo
        p1
        p1 Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        734 - The Khazar region; How much Trouble for Iran?
        Kamal Pouladi
        ]
        ] Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        735 - The State of Iran's Economy in the Global Value Chain (1979 – 2018)
        Balal Khalili Mir Ebrahim Sedigh Mohammad Mehdi Mirzaei
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        736 - The Position of the Concept of Revolution in Hannah Arendt's Political Thought
        Seyyed Khodayar Mortazavi Erfan Ahangari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        737 - A Comparative Glance at Thomas Hobbes and John Locke's Ideas on the Concept of Freedom
        Khashayar Bourbouri Hosseinali Nowzari Reza Shirzadi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        738 - Effecting of the hidden layers in Canadian political power
        Khastoo Rastegari
        o
        o Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        739 - Fundamental Labor Rights in the light of The European Court of Human Rights
        Seyed Behnam Mehrdel کارن روحانی Iraj Rezainejad
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        740 - Investigating the role of empowering the components of education and supporting women's freedom of action on the development of social security (Case study of Baluch women in Sistan and Baluchestan province)
        Mahnour Raeisi Malektaj Khosravi
         The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of empowering the two components of education and supporting the freedom of action of Baluch women on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The present research has been done by descriptive surve More
         The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of empowering the two components of education and supporting the freedom of action of Baluch women on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The present research has been done by descriptive survey method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and the statistical population of the present study consisted of 380 women in the province. After collecting data and analyzing the data, it was found that empowerment of Baloch women has an impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province and it can be said that about 83% of changes in dependent variable, social security is expressed by independent variable, empowerment of Baloch women. . It was also found that the support of Baluch women has an impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province and the rate of this impact was set at about 76%. And the awareness and education of Baloch women has a positive effect on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The rate of this effect was about 72%. Freedom of action for Baluch women has an impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province, which was about 80%. The results show that empowering Baloch women by increasing their education and awareness and developing their freedom of action in various social participations, will ensure social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Some components in the value and cultural system of the Baloch people can act positively in empowering Baloch women instead of being an obstacle.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        741 - The ratio of the concept of good governance in the political thought
        Mohammad Pourghorban hamidreza tabshiri
        Today, good governance is one of the central issues that has attracted the attention of political scholars and international institutions. Many international institutions, including the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations, have written indicators to this More
        Today, good governance is one of the central issues that has attracted the attention of political scholars and international institutions. Many international institutions, including the International Monetary Fund and the United Nations, have written indicators to this and introduce it to countries as a program. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the question of what is the relation between the good governance in the political thought of the Neshi and the indicators of the institutions mentioned. The main hypothesis of the present study is that, in the political thought of the Nasdra'i, these indicators are among the fundamental foundations of their intellectual and are essential principles in the formation of government in their thoughts. The findings of this study indicate that the political thought that emerged in the 40s and 50s and was manifested with the victory of the Islamic Revolution in the constitution on the subject of good governance and its principles for their infrastructure in jurisprudential and thought sources earlier. It has been the attention. It should also be noted that the present study is descriptive, analytical and used using a library method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        742 - Investigating the antibacterial effects of polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinyl pyrrolidone composite nanofiber mat containing clindamycin
        sara Yousefi mogadam Hakimeh Ziyadi Malak Hekmati Fatemeh sadat seyedi
        Due to the expansion and importance of nano fibers in the field of pharmaceutical sciences and the ability to use them as skin patches, in this study, nanofibers carrying clindamycin was obtained from adding pure clindamycin to poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrroli More
        Due to the expansion and importance of nano fibers in the field of pharmaceutical sciences and the ability to use them as skin patches, in this study, nanofibers carrying clindamycin was obtained from adding pure clindamycin to poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) polymers fallowed by electrospinning of polymeric solution. The obtained nanofibers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Element Mapping (EMPA), and contact angle analysis. The nature of the bond between clindamycin drug and poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) substrate was investigated using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). Antibacterial effects of non-electrospun polymer solution and obtained nanofibers mats were investigated on standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. According to the obtained results, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria was resistant to non-electrospun polymer solution and clindamycin nanofibrous mats. Acinetobacter bacteria was resistant to polymer solution, but clindamycin nanofiber had moderate effect on it. Clindamycin nanofibers mats and non-electrospun polymer solution were very effective against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Therefore, clindamycin nanofibrous mats can be used as transdermal patches to treat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter bacteria. In addition, the polymer solution can be useful as a medicinal solution in the transdermal treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infections. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        743 - Biodesulphurization of dibenzothiophene as a sulphur Model compound in heavy fuel oil by supported bacterial strain on polyethylene
        Babak Ghorbani Barnaji Soroor Sadeghi farhad salimi
        A new biodesulfurization method has been considered using Pseudomonas aeruginosa supported on polyethylene (PE) for biodesulfurization (BDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) as heavy fuel oil sulphur compound model. The obtained results according to Spectrophotometric analysis More
        A new biodesulfurization method has been considered using Pseudomonas aeruginosa supported on polyethylene (PE) for biodesulfurization (BDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) as heavy fuel oil sulphur compound model. The obtained results according to Spectrophotometric analysis at 325 nm showed that 90.54 % of DBT at the primary concentration about 5 (mg.L-1), pH=7, biocatalyst dosage of 0.1 g, in 37 °C and after 90 min of contact time has been removed. These optimum conditions have been applied for heavy fuel oil (mazut) samples and the biodegradation of their total sulphur content (TSC) has been investigated by X- ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF).  The obtained results revealed that 33.075 % of total sulphur content from mazut sample has been removed. Kinetic study predicted the chemisorption process as the rate determining step, as it followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation. The data for DBT adsorption on biocatalyst fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. Morphology and surface functional groups of the biocatalyst have been investigated by SEM and FT-IR, respectively.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        744 - Studying of BOD5 and COD variations in domestic wastewater after treated by agronomical soil
        Amir rabiefar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        745 - Changes in Field Capacity (FC) by Irrigation with Domestic Wastewater (DWW)
        porya jalali
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        746 - Effect of Irrigation by Domestic Wastewater on Final Penetration Rate in Lysimeter Soil
        mohammad hosein kharrazi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        747 - Predicting Perceived Organizational Bullying Based on Burnout of Ministry of Sports and Youth Employees: TheMediating Role of Organizational Maturity and Freedom of Expression
        جلال شاملو علی محمد صفانیا سید صلاح الدین نقشبندی
         AbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict perceived organizational bullying based on burnout of employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth: The mediating role of organizational maturity and freedom of expression. The statistical population of the study w More
         AbstractThe purpose of this study was to predict perceived organizational bullying based on burnout of employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth: The mediating role of organizational maturity and freedom of expression. The statistical population of the study was all staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth at 800 people. 243 people were selected randomly as a sample. Measurement tool was Maslow Professional Burnout Questionnaire (1981), Spillage and Holt Organizational Bullying (2001), and Amrollahi and Associates Freedom of Speech (1396). The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 11 experts and the confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the validity of their constructs. The reliability of the questionnaires was also determined by a pilot study on 30 members of the community and by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Kolmogrov-Smirnov tests, one-sample t-test using Spss V23 and structural equation modeling using Amos version 23. The results of the research showed a positive and significant correlation between perceived organizational bullying and burnout (r = 0.57) and a reverse and significant relationship between perceived organizational bullying and expression (r = -0.42), and between freedom of speech and There is a burnout (r = -0.34) (Sig = 0.01). The results also showed that the variable of freedom of expression in the relationship between perceived organizational bullying and burnout has a significant mediator role. Attention to factors causing organizational bullying and freedom of expression can be effective in reducing the burnout of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        748 - The Impact of Capital Market Development and Economic Growth on Poverty
        BAHMAN khanalizadeh
        Economic growth and poverty reduction have always been the most important political and economic goals of countries. Because poverty has always been one of the unfavorable economic and social phenomena of different societies throughout human history and is now recognize More
        Economic growth and poverty reduction have always been the most important political and economic goals of countries. Because poverty has always been one of the unfavorable economic and social phenomena of different societies throughout human history and is now recognized as one of the major problems of world societies. But one of the most important ways to fight poverty is to increase GDP, which can reduce poverty and income inequality in society, but achieving economic growth requires the use of various factors such as capital, manpower, energy and .... Therefore, paying more attention to financial markets, including the stock market and securities, which can be one of the important tools for financing institutions and enterprises, will certainly be able to increase GDP and ultimately lead to poverty reduction. Therefore, in this study, by performing ARDL test, long-term and short-term relationships between stock market development variables (value of exchanges traded, volume of stocks traded on the stock exchange and number of listed companies) and real GDP with Gini coefficient (amount Poverty) in the period 1365-1398 and using annual data in Iran to be examined. Therefore, the results indicate that in the short run and in the long run, the effect of all the variables used on the poverty rate in Iran is negative. Also, the variable of the value of transactions in the stock exchange has had the most negative impact among the variables of financial market development on the poverty rate in Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        749 - Investigating the Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment Involvement with Emphasis on Institutional and Structural Variables in OPEC Selected Countries
        Azin Sadat Ostadramezan Maryam Bazraei Mojtaba Karimi
        In the new literature, the role of institution quality in economic development has been considered. The distribution of foreign direct investment, as well as how it is absorbed and its impact on the economies of the countries is strongly influenced by the quality of ins More
        In the new literature, the role of institution quality in economic development has been considered. The distribution of foreign direct investment, as well as how it is absorbed and its impact on the economies of the countries is strongly influenced by the quality of institutions and the economic, political and host country's position. In the present article, the impact of institutional and structural variables on attracting foreign direct investment in the selected OPEC member countries is conducted using the Generalized Torque (GMM) dynamic panel method from 1998 to 2012. The results indicate a positive and significant effect of good governance and natural resources on attracting foreign direct investment. Also, the results of the model's estimation show that natural resources have a dominant influence on the relationship between direct governance and foreign direct investment; in other words, due to the impact of natural resources, good governance in selected OPEC countries does not facilitate the flow of direct foreign investment, but rather Reducing the attraction of foreign direct investment also Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        750 - جدایی از طبیعت: دیدگاه بومی-منتقدانه نسبت به The Heart Goes Last
        Fatemeh Golpaygani رویا Yaghoubi محمد مطیعی
        10.30495/ttlt.2023.699581
        مقاله حاضر کتاب The Heart Goes Last (2015) اثر اتوود را از دیدگاه اکو انتقادی تحلیل می کند. دغدغه اصلی بوم نقد ایجاد رابطه نزدیک بین زبان طبیعت و زبان ادبی است. به همین ترتیب، گرگوری گارارد راه‌های جدیدی را بین انسان و محیط زیست در حوزه‌های فرهنگی در سال 2016 توضیح داد، More
        مقاله حاضر کتاب The Heart Goes Last (2015) اثر اتوود را از دیدگاه اکو انتقادی تحلیل می کند. دغدغه اصلی بوم نقد ایجاد رابطه نزدیک بین زبان طبیعت و زبان ادبی است. به همین ترتیب، گرگوری گارارد راه‌های جدیدی را بین انسان و محیط زیست در حوزه‌های فرهنگی در سال 2016 توضیح داد، اگرچه سه موج به سمت این رویکرد در دهه 2000 وجود داشت. به دست آوردن اطلاعات بیشتر در مورد جهان طبیعی نه تنها برای بحران زیست محیطی فعلی بلکه برای بلایای احتمالی در آینده بسیار مهم است. به این ترتیب، مردم در بسیاری از بخش های زندگی خود رویای طبیعت را می بینند که در رمان مورد بحث قرار خواهد گرفت. این رویاها تمایل درونی افراد را به محیط خود به عنوان بخشی اجتناب ناپذیر از زندگی نشان می دهد. جدای از طبیعت، فجایع قابل قبولی را در زندگی انسان به دنبال خواهد داشت. در همین حال، اتوود طبیعت را به عنوان نگرانی برای نگرانی های اکولوژیکی جهانی توصیف کرده است. نقش اکوسفر جدای از مفید بودن حیوانات در این مقاله نیز مورد تحلیل قرار می گیرد. از این رو، در نظر گرفتن تأثیرگذارترین عوامل بوم‌شناسی به خوانندگان کمک می‌کند تا جهان را بهتر بشناسند و احتمالاً تلاش خواهند کرد رویکرد نظری را عملی کنند.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        751 - ارزشیابی کتاب درسی براساس طبقه بندی اصلاح شده بلوم: کتاب درسی زبان انگلیسی چشم انداز 2 در کانون توجه
        Maryam Mizbani Hadi Salehi Omid Tabatabaei Mohammad Reza Talebinejad
        10.30495/ttlt.2023.698908
        این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی فعالیت‌های شنیداری، گفتاری، خواندن و نوشتن کتاب درسی انگلیسی دوره دوم متوسطه ایران بر اساس نسخه اصلاح ‌شده بلوم انجام شد. این مطالعه در واقع برای تعیین سطوح شناخت در چارچوب اصلاح شده بلوم در مورد چهار فعالیت مهارت های زبانی در این کتاب درسی انج More
        این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی فعالیت‌های شنیداری، گفتاری، خواندن و نوشتن کتاب درسی انگلیسی دوره دوم متوسطه ایران بر اساس نسخه اصلاح ‌شده بلوم انجام شد. این مطالعه در واقع برای تعیین سطوح شناخت در چارچوب اصلاح شده بلوم در مورد چهار فعالیت مهارت های زبانی در این کتاب درسی انجام شد. علاوه بر این، هدف آن بررسی نگرش معلمان و دانش‌آموزان نسبت به این گونه فعالیت‌ها از طریق پرسش‌نامه محقق-‌ساخته بود. برای هدف اول، فعالیت‌های کتاب درسی و کتاب کار بر اساس کدگذاری‌های نسخه اصلاح‌ شده بلوم، مکان‌یابی، جدول‌بندی و کد گذاری شد. سپس فرکانس و درصد کدها محاسبه شد. برای هدف دوم، 130 نفر از کاربران کتاب درسی، 30 معلم و 100 دانش‌آموز پسر و دختر دبیرستانی به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و بین آنها پرسشنامه توزیع شد. از آنها خواسته شد که در طول جلسات کلاس به صورت ناشناس به پرسشنامه ها پاسخ دهند. داده های جمع آوری شده از پرسشنامه ها به صورت دستی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج ب‌دست ‌آمده نشان داد که کدهای شناسایی‌شده عمدتاً در طبقه‌بندی بلوم تحت دسته‌های سطح پایین‌ترطبقه‌بندی می‌شوند، که نشان می‌دهد این فعالیت‌ها برای دانش‌آموزانی که فعالانه در سطوح بالاتر فرآیند تفکر درگیر هستند، سودمند نبوده است. همچنین نتیجه آزمون کای اسکوئر نشان داد که رابطه بین دو گروه کدهای سطح پایین و سطح بالا از نظر آماری معنی دار نبوده و کدهای به دست آمده الگوی منظمی را نشان نمی دهد. در مورد پاسخ به پرسشنامه ها، فعالیت ها، به ویژه فعالیت های شنیداری و گفتاری، مسئولیت زیادی برای یادگیری عمیق دانش آموزان نداشتند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        752 - ترجمه و فرهنگ: مطالعه موردی اقلام خاص فرهنگ در تفاسیر فارسی کتاب کیمیاگر
        Ehsan Honarjou
        10.30495/ttlt.2023.699065
        این پژوهش با هدف بررسی راهبردهای بومی‌سازی و خارجی‌سازی در ترجمه‌های فارسی کتاب کیمیاگر اثر کوئلیو بر اساس طبقه‌بندی وینی و داربلنت انجام شد. برای این منظور، مطالعه از یک طرح تحلیل محتوای مقایسه ای مبتنی بر پیکره در یک رویکرد کیفی بهره برد. مجموعه این پژوهش شامل 80 صفحه More
        این پژوهش با هدف بررسی راهبردهای بومی‌سازی و خارجی‌سازی در ترجمه‌های فارسی کتاب کیمیاگر اثر کوئلیو بر اساس طبقه‌بندی وینی و داربلنت انجام شد. برای این منظور، مطالعه از یک طرح تحلیل محتوای مقایسه ای مبتنی بر پیکره در یک رویکرد کیفی بهره برد. مجموعه این پژوهش شامل 80 صفحه از رمان مذکور است که به روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده انتخاب شده و با ترجمه فارسی حجازی و قهرمان انتخاب شده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده های استخراج شده با استفاده از آمار توصیفی (محاسبه فراوانی و درصد راهبردهای بومی سازی و خارجی سازی و آزمون کای اسکوئر) انجام شد. (اهل سازی)، انطباق (اهل سازی) و ترجمه تحت اللفظی (بیگانه سازی) به همین ترتیب، نتایج نشان داد که قهرمان نیز از حساب (بیگانه سازی)، هم ارزی (اهل سازی)، انطباق (اهل سازی)، ترجمه تحت اللفظی (بیگانه سازی)، مدولاسیون استفاده کرده است. (اهل سازی) و حذف (اهلیت) در ترجمه موارد خاص فرهنگ (CSIs) این یافته یافته های پژوهشی انجام شده قبلی را تأیید می کند که دشواری در ترجمه جنبه های فرهنگی زبان مترجمان را مجبور می کند از انواع استراتژی های ترجمه در ارائه آنها استفاده کنند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        753 - کارکرد زبان استعاری در شکل دادن به متون سیاسی بر اساس چارچوب کووسس: دیدگاه CDA
        Somayeh Jafarnezhad Bahloul Salmani Hossein Sadegh Oghli
        10.30495/ttlt.2023.696809
        این مطالعه با هدف بررسی نقش زبان مجازی در شکل‌دهی متون سیاسی بر اساس چارچوب مدرن پیشنهادی کووکسس انجام شد. مجموعه پژوهش شامل 30 هزار کلمه است که به عنوان نمونه متن انتخاب شده تا منبع حوزه مفهومی مورد استفاده را مشاهده کند. این مقاله از طریق نمونه‌گیری تصادفی سیستماتیک ا More
        این مطالعه با هدف بررسی نقش زبان مجازی در شکل‌دهی متون سیاسی بر اساس چارچوب مدرن پیشنهادی کووکسس انجام شد. مجموعه پژوهش شامل 30 هزار کلمه است که به عنوان نمونه متن انتخاب شده تا منبع حوزه مفهومی مورد استفاده را مشاهده کند. این مقاله از طریق نمونه‌گیری تصادفی سیستماتیک از مقالات مختلف سرمقاله مجلات سیاسی غرب در رابطه با روابط ایران و غرب در دوره زمانی 2019-2010 تهیه شده است. تحلیل استعاره انتقادی (CMA) برای مشخص کردن الگوها در مقالات سیاسی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت، که معمولاً از تحقیقات قبلی توسط شخصیت‌های معتبر در تحلیل استعاره‌ای انتقادی و سیاسی پشتیبانی می‌کرد که استعاره‌ها برای شکل‌دهی به تفکر سیاسی، کمک به اقناع سیاسی، و در جهت دادن به شرایط و مدل‌های شناختی استفاده می‌شوند. برای شکل دادن به تعبیر ملت به عنوان یک شخص یا استعاره بدن. در نهایت، این مطالعه از یافته‌های متنی استعاره‌های مفهومی مورد استفاده پشتیبانی می‌کند. یافته‌های این مطالعه، مفاهیم متعددی را برای تحقیقات آینده در اختیار کلاس‌های درس زبان انگلیسی قرار می‌دهد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        754 - ترجمه فارسی ماجراهای آلیس در سرزمین عجایب: دوگانگی بومی سازی/بیگانه سازی ونوتی در کانون توجه
        Fatemeh Jafari ویدا رحیمی نژاد
        10.30495/ttlt.2024.704339
        ترجمه اقلام خاص فرهنگی (CSIs) همیشه برای مترجمان یک چالش بوده است. برای غلبه بر این مشکل، مترجمان راهبردهای مختلفی را به کار می گیرند. هدف مطالعه حاضر، تحلیل اقلام خاص فرهنگ (CSIs) در ترجمه انگلیسی ماجراهای آلیس در سرزمین عجایب بر اساس دوگانگی بومی سازی/بیگانه‌سازی ونوت More
        ترجمه اقلام خاص فرهنگی (CSIs) همیشه برای مترجمان یک چالش بوده است. برای غلبه بر این مشکل، مترجمان راهبردهای مختلفی را به کار می گیرند. هدف مطالعه حاضر، تحلیل اقلام خاص فرهنگ (CSIs) در ترجمه انگلیسی ماجراهای آلیس در سرزمین عجایب بر اساس دوگانگی بومی سازی/بیگانه‌سازی ونوتی بود. پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی است و راهبردهای ترجمه مورد استفاده در دو ترجمه شناسایی و مقایسه شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بومی سازی فراگیرترین راهبرد در ترجمه پیرزاد و حران بوده است. با تقابل هر جفت ST-TT از بخش اول مجموعه، هفتاد و یک نمونه از نمونه‌های فرهنگ خاص به صورت دستی جمع‌آوری و به طور سیستماتیک در شش رویه استراتژی بومی سازی از جمله توضیح، افزودن، معادل‌سازی فرهنگی، تنظیم فرهنگی، حذف، تنظیم نحوی طبقه‌بندی شدند. و سه رویه استراتژی خارجی سازی. یعنی نویسه‌گردانی (کلمه قرضی)، ترجمه تحت اللفظی و گرته برداری. یافته ها نشان داد که بومی سازی در TT1 (93/13%) در مقایسه با خارجی سازی (6/83%) به مراتب بیشتر مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد، در حالی که در TT2، بومی سازی (87/64%) در مقایسه با خارجی سازی (12/31%) بیشتر است. متداول‌ترین موارد مربوط به فرهنگ در TT1 و TT2 مربوط به این دسته اصطلاحات، سیستم‌های اندازه‌گیری و غذا بود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        755 - An Activity Theoretical Investigation into the Dominant Composition and Translation Activities of EFL learners across Persian and English
        Yusef Rajabi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        756 - The Relationship among EFL Learners’ Left/Right Brain Domi-nance, Autonomy, and Reading Comprehension of the Academic and General Reading Modules of IELTS
        Mona Khabiri Mahdis Heidari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        757 - Lexical Translation in Movies: A Comparative Analysis of Persian Dubs and Subtitles through CDA
        Saber Noie Fariba Jafarpour
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        758 - An Investigation into Norm Extraction with Regard to Domestication and Foreignization of Culture-Specific Items: A Case of Children’s Literature in the Past Four Years
        mahtab zarezadeh Massood Yazdanimoghaddam
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        759 - نشانه های آزادی در مجموعه داستان « مترجم دردها » و داستان کوتاه « این خانه مقدس » آثاری از جومپا لاهیری
        Atefeh Lieaghat Fatemeh Azizmohammadi Mojgan Yarahmadi
        10.30495/ttlt.2022.692161
        در این تحقیق قصد داریم دو داستان کوتاه از مجموعه داستان « مترجم دردها » (1999) از آثار جومپا لاهیری را از منظر فیلیپ پتیت مورد نقد و بررسی قرار دهیم. لاهیری د ر آثارش زندگی مهاجرانی رابه تصویر می کشد که سعی دارند در کشورهای دیگر آزادیهای گمشده شان را حفظ نما More
        در این تحقیق قصد داریم دو داستان کوتاه از مجموعه داستان « مترجم دردها » (1999) از آثار جومپا لاهیری را از منظر فیلیپ پتیت مورد نقد و بررسی قرار دهیم. لاهیری د ر آثارش زندگی مهاجرانی رابه تصویر می کشد که سعی دارند در کشورهای دیگر آزادیهای گمشده شان را حفظ نمایند. در این مبحث مفهوم آزادی برگرفته از نظریه فیلیپ نوئل پتیت می باشد. پتیت معتقد است که آزادی به معنای پدیده  ضد قدرت, زداینده هر گونه بردگی و بندگی بوده و ما را به سمت کمال رهنمون می سازد. به باور این صاحب نظر هر فردی بر اساس اراده و اختیار خود آزاد است تا هر عمل یا کاری را انجام دهد و هیچ فرد دیگری نمی تواند در مقام ارباب یا رئیس در امور شخصی او دخالت کند. پتیت علاوه بر این موضوع، ضد  قدرت را درمعنای عدم سیطره مطرح کرده است. درهمین ارتباط مقاله حاضر درصدد است به این موضوع بپردازد که چگونه شخصیت های این دو داستان بر اساس اعتقادات و خواسته های خود، مفهوم آزادی به معنای قدرت ستیزی را ابراز می کنند. این نظریه برای شخصیت های دو داستان  کوتاه لاهیری تحت عنوان « مترجم دردها » و « این خانه مقدس » بکار برده شده است. نکته دیگر اینکه در اینجا می خواهیم به دلایلی بپردازیم که بر اساس آنها شخصیت های دو داستان تلاش می کنند در شرایط مختلفی به دنبال آزادی باشند.در این تحقیق با تمرکز بر شخصیت های اصلی دو داستان نشان می دهیم چگونه شخصیت هایی نظیر خانم داس و تویینکل سعی می کنند بر اساس دیدگاه و عقاید خود انسان هایی آزاد باشند. خانم داس کوشش می کند با بیان اسرار خویش خود را از قید بندگی و اسارت رها کندو تویینکل هم با نگهداری و حفظ اشیا مورد علاقه خویش ,سعی دارد تمامی تعصبات فرهنگی خود را کنار بگذارد و به آزادی برسد. بر این اساس پژوهش پیش رو سعی بر ان دارد تا  نحوه شکل گیری نظریه آزادی پتیت  را حول محور این داستان ها نشان دهد.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        760 - گفتمان جنسیت و میل در شکل گیری هویت زنانه در رمان های پاپ ژوان و پرتقال تنها میوه نیست
        Aylin Haezi Roya Yaghoubi Vida Rahiminezhad
        10.30495/ttlt.2024.709425
        تحقیق حاضر به بررسی شیوه تصویرسازی زنان در رمان های پرتقال تنها میوه نیست ژانت وینترسون و پاپ ژوان دانا وولفوک کراس می پردازد و نشان می دهد این نویسندگان چگونه به بازتعریف هویت زنانه و مفهوم فردیت در زنان می پردازند. برای این منظور، از نظریه ایفاگری جودیت باتلر استفاده More
        تحقیق حاضر به بررسی شیوه تصویرسازی زنان در رمان های پرتقال تنها میوه نیست ژانت وینترسون و پاپ ژوان دانا وولفوک کراس می پردازد و نشان می دهد این نویسندگان چگونه به بازتعریف هویت زنانه و مفهوم فردیت در زنان می پردازند. برای این منظور، از نظریه ایفاگری جودیت باتلر استفاده شده است تا تصویر دقیقی از شخصیت های زن این رمان ها مورد تحلیل قرار گیرد. علاوه بر تحلیل دقیق روابط بین جنسیت های مخالف، تخقیق حاضر به بررسی ارتباط بین زنان با دیدگاه های متفاوت از هم می پردازد. این تحقیق نشان می دهد که این دو نویسنده علیه مفهوم مردانگی و روابط زنانه ای که باعث توجیه و تثبیت نقش فرعی زنان و ویژگیهای زنانه می شوند و هویت زنانه مغلوب را شکل می دهند قلم می زنند. با استفاده از نظریه ایفاگری جودیت بانلر، این تحقیق نشان می دهد که این دو نویسنده هویت زنانه متفاوتی از عرف حاکم بر جامعه به تصویر می کشند و مرزهای حاکم بر شخصیت زنانه را کنار می زنند تا هویت تازه ای برای زنان ایجاد کنند که به هیچ وجه سازگار با تصویر زنان در جوامع حاضر نیست. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        761 - Wisdom and Hakim in Islamic teachings with emphasis on the view of Imam Khomeini (RA)
        Meisam Alibalaei Khalil Bahrami Ghasrechami Mohsen Fahim
        The ways to achieve original wisdom have always been the focus of scholars and mystics of different religions, because man has a desire to become wise and perfect in all dimensions. Wisdom, unerring and solid knowledge with a divine source is undoubtedly very attractive More
        The ways to achieve original wisdom have always been the focus of scholars and mystics of different religions, because man has a desire to become wise and perfect in all dimensions. Wisdom, unerring and solid knowledge with a divine source is undoubtedly very attractive and it is tempting to achieve it. Realization decided to extract these solutions and remind the modern mankind of the right way to reach wisdom by emphasizing the views of Imam Khomeini (RA) in this regard. In this research, he investigated this issue with the library method and the review of reliable sources. From Imam Khomeini's point of view, in order to achieve wisdom and wisdom, one must first cultivate the soul, which Imam Khomeini (RA) has described in full, then one must prepare the ground for the emergence of wisdom and wisdom in one's self with strategies. Undoubtedly, real knowledge and original wisdom are not possible without the care of the truth, but human effort and knowing the exact solution to reach the source of wisdom and applying it in his behavior and action will be effective and will eventually bring him to his destination. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        762 - Investigating the nature, position, divisions and types of wisdom in the thought of Professor Motahari
        Mohsen Hakemi Enshallah Rahmati azizollah afsharkermani
        Philosophers and thinkers have investigated the nature of wisdom and its divisions and branches in different eras. In Greek philosophy, Aristotle's division about wisdom attracted the attention of Muslim philosophers, and Muslims reread wisdom in the same way in the Mas More
        Philosophers and thinkers have investigated the nature of wisdom and its divisions and branches in different eras. In Greek philosophy, Aristotle's division about wisdom attracted the attention of Muslim philosophers, and Muslims reread wisdom in the same way in the Mashai, Ishraqi, and Sadra periods. Professor Motahari, as an Islamic thinker, has also entered into the subject of wisdom, its definition, divisions and functions. He considers the power of reason to have two cognitive and executive dimensions, and he considers theoretical wisdom to be the speaker of "beings" and the knowledge of things as they are, and practical wisdom to be at the top of the "musts" that determine the direction of individual and social life. , introduces. In the theory of "theoretical wisdom of Islam", he considers wisdom to have an anthropological and human-building function, both of which are the growth of man in different theoretical and practical dimensions, and finally, one of them has the property of a lamp and illuminates the path, And the other has the key and the opener of affairs. Also, by entering the field of theology and from the perspective of theology, he considers and defines being wise and wise in the same direction Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        763 - Principles of Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the Perspective of the Constitution
        Malihe Beheshti Maryam Ebn Torab Sayyed Husayn Sadjadi
        AbstractThe constitution is the national document and the mother law in any country that reflects the ideology of that country. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, due to the uprising of the people to achieve an Islamic system and salvation from the arrogant domination of More
        AbstractThe constitution is the national document and the mother law in any country that reflects the ideology of that country. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, due to the uprising of the people to achieve an Islamic system and salvation from the arrogant domination of the world, also the unique popular vote for such a system and constitution causes it to have high popular support and at the same time because The fact that the principles contained in the constitution are derived from the rules and laws of Islam, adherence to it is also a religious requirement. By carefully examining the articles of the constitution, one can obtain the general principles of foreign policy and answer many social issues in the field of foreign policy.This research has been carried out with the aim of explaining the framework of foreign policy principles derived from the Constitution and emphasizing its implementation by the authorities, which is the result of extracting the mentioned articles from the Constitution; Peace in international relations is the complete rejection of colonialism and the eradication of any tyranny and the denial of any domination and domination, support for the right-wing struggle of the oppressed against the arrogant to ensure human well-being in all human society and maintain its independence and freedom in the shadow of dignity and justice. And in this way, it saves human beings from the tyranny of tyrannical rule of gold and force, so the implementation of such laws that have been approved according to Islamic rules by the officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran will lead to the creation of global justice. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        764 - The foundations of freedom from the perspective of Islam with an emphasis on anthropological foundations
        Muhammad Marefat
        Freedom in the social system, especially the religious society, has important benefits and effects by observing its limits and boundaries; In order to achieve such an ideal, the fundamentals of freedom from the point of view of Islam must be carefully analyzed and exami More
        Freedom in the social system, especially the religious society, has important benefits and effects by observing its limits and boundaries; In order to achieve such an ideal, the fundamentals of freedom from the point of view of Islam must be carefully analyzed and examined. The question of the current research is that according to Islamic teachings and philosophical and psychological realities, what are the foundations of freedom and what are its anthropological foundations? In this article, by adopting the descriptive-analytical method, it was clarified that the foundations of freedom are news propositions that are either self-evident or proven in other sciences and are used to determine the principles, goals, factors, methods, stages, and obstacles of legitimate freedom; Also, the foundations of freedom can be divided into three types: religious, scientific and philosophical. Based on induction, philosophical foundations are divided into five epistemological, ontological, theological, value-oriented and anthropological branches. Knowing man and his characteristics is one of the main prerequisites for the issue of freedom. In this research, fourteen of the most important Islamic anthropological bases effective in humanities studies, including the issue of freedom, were identified. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        765 - The Relationship between Autocracy and Freedom in a Political Myth: Sophocles' Antigone
        Parichehreh Shāhsavan Bagdādi Hāmed Amouee Elhām Hosseinkhāni
        The political thought of the ancient Greeks is rooted in the myths of Greek civilization. It was due to changes in the society of Greece, especially in Athens, that Greek philosophers shifted from myth to rationalism. In some Greek city-states, aristocracy became democr More
        The political thought of the ancient Greeks is rooted in the myths of Greek civilization. It was due to changes in the society of Greece, especially in Athens, that Greek philosophers shifted from myth to rationalism. In some Greek city-states, aristocracy became democracy and in some other city-states, dictatorship replaced it. Due to these developments, all myths, especially the myths related to politics, made a fundamental change and the tragedy of political myth was created in the form of political theater. Antigone, as a political myth and one of the most important tragedies, shows the battle between freedom and autocracy; it explains the tragic results of autocracy on the city-state, the people and the ruler. By using descriptive-analytic method, the present article attempts to study this battle based on the political and social changes of the city-state of Athens and the Greek world.    Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        766 - "Wisdom Mads" in Masnavi Manavi
        هاتف سیاهکوهیان
          In the Islamic tradition, Bohlool is the symbol of "wisdom mad". He was a well known judge and scholar, and companion of the Imām Musa al-Kadhimin. According to the Imam's order he acted insanely inorder to save his own life. Nevertheless, people acknowledged hi More
          In the Islamic tradition, Bohlool is the symbol of "wisdom mad". He was a well known judge and scholar, and companion of the Imām Musa al-Kadhimin. According to the Imam's order he acted insanely inorder to save his own life. Nevertheless, people acknowledged his superior wisdom and excellence. In Persian Literature, many of his stories are narrated and have been inspiring for Persian poets. Mowlānā Jalāl-al Din Balkhi, in his Masnavi Manavi, has referred to this character and narrated some stories about "wisdom mads". In this article, with regard to the Book II of Masnavi Manavi and the story of Zu'l Nun, a mystic that acted mad, the personality of this character is studied.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        767 - The Analysis of A Hadith Based on Persian and Arabic Texts
        Batool Heidarī S.Mahdi Nouriān Eshaq Toghiānī
        In Islamic literary, mystical and ethical texts a particular hadith (the Prophet’s saying) is citied for explaining “metaphorical love” (Ishq Majazi). It is well-known as the “hadith of love”, as follow: Whoever falls in love and yet concea More
        In Islamic literary, mystical and ethical texts a particular hadith (the Prophet’s saying) is citied for explaining “metaphorical love” (Ishq Majazi). It is well-known as the “hadith of love”, as follow: Whoever falls in love and yet conceals it until his death, he has died as a martyr. First time, Ibn-Dawood, in his book Al-Zuhara and in the interpretation of story of “love of Ozra”, referred to this Hadith. But the researchers who study about the Prophet Tradition and Hadith believe that this Hadith is apocryphal and invented. Despite the opposition of opponents, especially Hanbalites, the Hadith continued to live on in Islamic mysticism. In the present article, after considering the history of the Hadith and its genuineness, we study its use in mystical texts, and its reflection in Persian and Arabic literary books. Also, these issues will be considered: the relationship of metaphorical love and chastity, strife against one’s caprice and martyrdom, and concealing and love. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        768 - The Concept of Lie in Ancient Persia
        Shervin Vakīlī
          By studying the concept of lie in the Gathas, Avesta and the Bistun inscription, the present article considers the evolution of this concept in ancient Persia, the Achaemenian period, and its relation with political structures of that period. The present article More
          By studying the concept of lie in the Gathas, Avesta and the Bistun inscription, the present article considers the evolution of this concept in ancient Persia, the Achaemenian period, and its relation with political structures of that period. The present article tries to show that in ancient Persian civilization, the concept of lie is not only the central topic of ethics but it also plays a role in political arena.   Keywords:Lie, Truth, Political Domination, Bistun inscription, Cyrus the Great. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        769 - The Influence of Gnostic Mysticism in Haft Paykar of Nizami
        Mahindokht Farrokhniā
        Haft Paykar, composed by Nizami Ganjavi, is a symbolic work with well integrated  structure. It shows not only Nizami’s power of storytelling but also his acquaintance with literary, cultural and mystical heritage of the past. Part of this heritage belongs to More
        Haft Paykar, composed by Nizami Ganjavi, is a symbolic work with well integrated  structure. It shows not only Nizami’s power of storytelling but also his acquaintance with literary, cultural and mystical heritage of the past. Part of this heritage belongs to Gnostic mysticism, Manichaeism and hermetic philosophy. The aim of present article is to show the traces of these ideas in one of stories of Haft Paykar. After introducing Gnostic mysticism, it is indicated that how Muslims got acquainted with Gnostisim. Then, we look at the influence of Gnostic themes in the fifth story of Haft Paykar, the story of Princess of turquoise Dome or the story of Māhān. The Gnostic themes that are considered are as follows: duality of body and mind, the fall of Adam, captivity, oblivion and nostalgia, pessimism, knowledge, rebirth and salvation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        770 - Explaining Wisdom on the basis of Successful Intelligence and Coping Self Efficacy
        Roghaye Ghorbani Farhad Khormaee
          T The purpose of this study was to explain wisdom by successful intelligence and coping self-efficacy. Three hundred and twenty students (193 females, 127 males) were selected from Shiraz University in academic year 2015 using multistage cluster random More
          T The purpose of this study was to explain wisdom by successful intelligence and coping self-efficacy. Three hundred and twenty students (193 females, 127 males) were selected from Shiraz University in academic year 2015 using multistage cluster random sampling. The participants completed the Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (Webster, 2003), the Successful Intelligence Scale (Sternberg & Grigorenko, 2002) and the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (Chesney et al, 2006). The data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling approach. The results of path analysis indicated that the model had a good fitness. The successful intelligence had direct effects on wisdom and coping self-efficacy. The coping self-efficacy mediates the relation between successful intelligence and wisdom. The findings suggest that successful intelligence enhance wisdom in students by promoting their coping self-efficacy beliefs, the educational settings should emphasize successful intelligence rather than traditional intelligence, and by providing enriched educational environments wised individuals  may enter labor market and society. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        771 - The reliability and validity of chapman,s handedness inventory in junior high school students
        Ahmad Alipour
        In order to study the reliability and validity of the Chapman’s Handedness Inventory (CHI) among junior high scho    - graders from junior high-schools of Tehran district completed the Handedness Questionnaire of Chapman and     More
        In order to study the reliability and validity of the Chapman’s Handedness Inventory (CHI) among junior high scho    - graders from junior high-schools of Tehran district completed the Handedness Questionnaire of Chapman and       correlation between the two halves, and retest reliability  !"# $ $   $% & "!!# analysis revealed that all the students who according to CHI were categorized as left-handed and right-handed recognized themselves as left-handed and right-handed. Factor analysis suggested a factor which accounted for  '("! )! ! this factor. In sum CHI has a good validity and reliability for distinguishing lateralization among Iranian highschool students.        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        772 - The Analysis of Dominant Patterns of Object Relations in Iranian Couples
        Leyli Abbasi Parviz Azadfallah Ali Fathi Ashtiani Hojatollah Farahani
        This study aimed to analyze the dominant patterns of object relations in Iranian couples. Based on a qualitative method with a thematic analysis approach. The evaluation was done on 10 participants (8 females and 2 males) considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria More
        This study aimed to analyze the dominant patterns of object relations in Iranian couples. Based on a qualitative method with a thematic analysis approach. The evaluation was done on 10 participants (8 females and 2 males) considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sampling method was purposeful and the data were collected using deep clinical interviews and evaluated using thematic analysis. Data analysis showed that 3 inclusive themes: "oneself" theme with two subcategories of self-worth (including insufficiency, competence, and sufficiency) and, the role of oneself (including undue responsibility, role confusion), “other one” theme with two subcategories of the position of another one (including passivity and irresponsibility of father, active mother, absent parents, supportive others) and schema of another one (including comparison, mastery increase, anxious parents, aggressive parents, abusive parents, and unstable parents), and “relationship” theme with two subcategories of emotional survival (including unfriendly interactive relationship, a sense of distance and neglected, sense of abandonment and loneliness) and cognitive survival (including sense of obedience, worthlessness, and controlled increase). The obtained patterns are based on psychodynamic theories and object relations. According to the findings, the pathology of relationships between couples is based on the relationships that are associated with first caregivers in their childhood. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        773 - Development of Personal Epistemology in Elementary Students
        Zahra Tanha Parvin Kadivar Razieh Jalili
        The study of personal epistemology shows that the combination of dimensions of objectivity and subjectivity is the foundation for understanding high-level epistemology. It is expected that individuals are initially objectivists and attain higher levels of transform More
        The study of personal epistemology shows that the combination of dimensions of objectivity and subjectivity is the foundation for understanding high-level epistemology. It is expected that individuals are initially objectivists and attain higher levels of transformation of beliefs to subjectivism, and ultimately promote a combination of objectivism and subjectivism. On the other hand, according to the researchers, the development of beliefs must be considered in relation to specific areas. The hypothesis was that this transformation occurs in a systematic sequence in various aspects of justification (experience, opinion, reason and authority). This hypothesis was accomplished with a sample of 64 students from the third grade to the sixth grade of primary schools in Tehran. The study method was descriptive causal comparative and the participants answered the questions of Mansfield and Clinchy’s Stories (2002). The results showed that there is a significant difference between the various educational foundations in terms of objectivity and subjectivity. So that the students of the third and fourth grades were more at the level of objectivity and fifth and sixth were more at the level of subjectivity. Also, the factor of experience explained 27% of the variance of objectivity and the factors of experience and opinion explained 30% of the variance of subjectivity. Personal epistemology seemed to be a developmental factor Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        774 - The Structural Relationship Between Wisdom and Moral Behavior: The Mediating Role of Self-Control
        Monir Azadmanesh Khadijeh Abolmaali Akbar Mohammadi
        The purpose of this study was to predict moral behavior based on wisdom with the mediating role of self-control. The study design was correlational and the statistical population included students of University of Applied Sciences and Technology in 2019 in Tehran. More
        The purpose of this study was to predict moral behavior based on wisdom with the mediating role of self-control. The study design was correlational and the statistical population included students of University of Applied Sciences and Technology in 2019 in Tehran. 370 students were selected by random cluster sampling method and completed Moral Behavior Questionnaire (Taqhiloo, 2017), Self-Control Questionnaire (Tangney, Baumeister & Boone, 2004) and Wisdom Questionnaire (Schmit, Muldoon, Pounders, 2012). For data analysis, structural equation modeling method was used. The results indicated that the self-control affects people-oriented and task- oriented moral behavior positively and self-centered moral behavior negatively. The direct effect of wisdom was also positive and significant on self-control while it was not significant on people-oriented, task-oriented and self-centered moral behavior, But through the mediating role of self-control, wisdom had a positive effect on people-oriented and task-oriented moral behavior and a negative effect on moral self-centeredness, indicating the importance of the role of self-control. Therefore, it can be concluded that in promoting moral behavior in educational planning, it is better to emphasize on improving self-control Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        775 - The Model of Wisdom: Role of Personality Traits, Successful Intelligence With the Meditating of Patience ‌and Self-Efficacy
        Roghaye Ghorbani Farhad Khormaiee Hamide Ghasemi
        The purpose of this research was to introduce and test a causal model of investigating wisdom behaviors. 440 undergraduate (281 women, 159 men) were selected by random cluster sampling method in Shiraz University in academic year 98-99. They completed Self-Assessed Wisd More
        The purpose of this research was to introduce and test a causal model of investigating wisdom behaviors. 440 undergraduate (281 women, 159 men) were selected by random cluster sampling method in Shiraz University in academic year 98-99. They completed Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (Webster, 2003), NEO Questionnaire Short Form (Khormaei & Farmani, 2014), Successful Intelligence Scale (Sternberg & Grigorenko, 2002), Patience Scale (Khormaei, Farmani & Soltani, 2015), and Coping Self-efficacy (Chesney, Neilands, Chambers, Taylor & Folkman, 2006). The result of the present study supported the med- itational effect of patience and coping self- efficacy. In this regards, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and successful intelligence predicted wisdom indirectly by the mediation role of patience and coping self-efficacy. Accordingly, 45% of the wisdom variance were explained by these variables. Therefore, the big factor personality dimensions and successful intelligence increasepa- tience. So students who are patience to face the problems have more coping self-efficacy skills than those who are not patience; and finally result, they would behave wisely. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        776 - Noiselet Measurement Matrix Usage in CS Framework
        Haybert Markarian Alireza Mohammad Zaki Sedigheh Ghofrani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        777 - Randomness, Coherence and Noise Robustness in Compressive Sensing
        Haybert Markarian Sedigheh Ghofrani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        778 - A Novel Detection Method Based on Enhanced Diagonal Secant Updating Frequency Domain Fourth-Order Cumulant Scheme for DSSS Signals
        Saleh Ghorbani Saeed Ghazi-Maghrebi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        779 - Biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using green tea extract and determination of its antibiofilm effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from wound infection
        Behrooz Shojaee Sadi Shima Chehreii Mahla Esmaeili
        Background & Objectives: Owing to the antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles without causing resistance, such substances could be considered as an appropriate alternative to prevent bacterial biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to the biosynthesis of Z More
        Background & Objectives: Owing to the antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanoparticles without causing resistance, such substances could be considered as an appropriate alternative to prevent bacterial biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to the biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using green tea extract and determination of its effect on biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates separated from wound infection.   Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, biosynthetic nanoparticles were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Determination of antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of nanoparticles were done by micro broth dilution method. The antibiofilm activity was investigated using biofilm formation by O'Toole 2011 method.   Results: The biosynthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by analysis. The size of the nanoparticles was determined in the range of 10 to 90 with an average of less than 40 nm. The nanoparticles had anti-microbial activities in concentrations of 250, 500 and 1000 ug/mL and minimum inhibitory concentration of 500 ug/mL was reported. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of the nanoparticles rose with increasing the concentrations.   Conclusion: The biosynthesis of nanoparticles with the extract has a variety of benefits such as simplicity, good stability, without energy consumption, less time-consuming, non-toxic wastes, economical efficiency, and large scale synthesis capability. According to the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, the use of these nanoparticles as coatings in medical equipment and food industries is recommended. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        780 - Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of bismuth oxide nanoparticles produced by Bacillus subtilis against clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound infections
        Leila Firouzi Dalvand Farzaneh Hosseini Shahram Moradi Dehaghi Elham Siasi Torbati
        Background & Objectives: The biological method of nanoparticles synthesis by microorganisms has a special place due to its high environmental compatibility and reduced energy consumption and costs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bismuth oxide n More
        Background & Objectives: The biological method of nanoparticles synthesis by microorganisms has a special place due to its high environmental compatibility and reduced energy consumption and costs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bismuth oxide nanoparticles produced by green methods on bacteria causing hospital infections. Materials & Methods: In this study, 160 samples were collected from burn wound infections in patients hospitalized in Motahari Burn Rescue Hospital. Resistant strains were identified phenotypically and genotypically. Synthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles by Bacillus subtilis wild type strain. The synthesis of bismuth oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against isolated strains was investigated with the standard disk diffusion test. Results: Biosynthesis of nanoparticles showed an average size of 44 nm using Bacillus subtilis. All 44% (71 strains) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa formed a biofilm. Bismuth oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 2000 ppm were inhibited 5% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion: By increasing the concentration of bismuth oxide nanoparticles, its inhibitory effect increased. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the groups exposed nanoparticle and ciprofloxacin.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        781 - Quinolone resistance associated with efllux pumps mexAB-oprM in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
        Mitra Salehi Mina Hekmatdoost Farzaneh Hosseini
        Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common antibiotic resistant bacteria and, therefore, treatments of Pseudomonad-caused infections are complicated. MexAB-OprM pump exports many antimicrobial compounds regardless of their structural and More
        Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common antibiotic resistant bacteria and, therefore, treatments of Pseudomonad-caused infections are complicated. MexAB-OprM pump exports many antimicrobial compounds regardless of their structural and functional similarities. The mexB gene encodes a proton-drug antiporter in MexAB-OprM pump. The present study was aimed to evaluate and detect the quinolone resistance associated with efllux pumps mexAB-oprM in P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 104 P. aeruginosa isolated from patients hospitalized in Trauma and Burn Intensive Care Unit (TBICU). The Genera and strains were identified primarily based on biochemical tests. The evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern was carried out using disk diffusion method for 11 common antibiotics and microdilution broth method for 4 antibiotics. The presence of mexB gene was investigated using PCR method. Results: According to the results, the most antibiotic resistance pattern were seen through treatment with nalidixic acid (86.54%), ceftazidime (82.2%) and ofloxacin (81.78%). Furthermore, the minimum antibiotic resistance were observed through treatment with imipenem (40.91%), piperacillin (44.9%) and tetracycline (48.03%). Based on MIC, the highest and lowest antibiotic sensitivity was recorded for tetracycline and ceftriaxone, respectively. Based on the PCR method, 27% of the clinical isolates harbor the mexAB-oprM operon. Conclusion: Based on the results, there is a significant association between presence of mexB gene and mexAB-oprM pump and antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa. Regarding the importance of antibiotic resistance, the study of other efllux pumps, comparison of antibiotic resistance profile and the relationship between efllux pumps and clinical origin of the strains are recommended.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        782 - Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Pseudomonas savastanoi isolated from winter jasmine, using BOX-PCR, in Shiraz
        Gilda Najafi Pour Solmaz Hassani Seyed Mohsen Taghavi
        Background and Objectives: Winter jasmine, Jasminum nudiflorum, is a tree belonging to Syringa family, which is used in the urban designing. The gall disease in the tree branches caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi is one of the most important diseases in this trees T More
        Background and Objectives: Winter jasmine, Jasminum nudiflorum, is a tree belonging to Syringa family, which is used in the urban designing. The gall disease in the tree branches caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi is one of the most important diseases in this trees The purpose of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of P. savastanoi using the BOX PCR. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 23 P. savastanoi isolated from winter Jasmine, Shiraz, Fars, Iran. A IAAL primer and PCR approach was used to direct tracking of the strains. The genotypic characteristics of the P. savastanoi isolates was performed by rep-PCR using BOX primers. The data were next analysed using NTsys-PC software. Results: Base in numerical analysis of phenotypic characteristics, the strains showed 88% similarity to each other. Using IAAL primer and GES buffer obtained from gall extract, DNA fragments with 454 bp length were amplified. Using rep-PCR option and BOX primer in NTsys-pc software, it was shown that the isolates can be divided into three cluster with 81% similarity. These clusters belonged to Shiraz’s Winter Jasmine isolates, Tehran’s Oleander isolate and Tehran’s Olive as well as standard isolate. Conclusion: On the basis of our findings, using BOX-PCR it is possible to differentiate the P. savastanoi isolated from different geographical areas and different hosts. Furthermore, this is the first report of direct detection of P. savastanoi from gall using PCR in Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        783 - Analysis of zinc resistance gene in zinc and zinc oxide nanoparticles resistant Pseudomonas stutzeri SEE-1 isolated from soil
        Shahla Soltani Nezhad Mohammad Rabbani Khorasgani Giti Emtiazi
        Background & Objectives: Environmental pollution to toxic heavy metals is one of global environmental problems. Microorganisms perform several mechanisms to reduce the intracellular concentration of toxic pollutants. The objective of this study was to identify zinc More
        Background & Objectives: Environmental pollution to toxic heavy metals is one of global environmental problems. Microorganisms perform several mechanisms to reduce the intracellular concentration of toxic pollutants. The objective of this study was to identify zinc resistance determinant (czcC gene) in zinc resistant Pseudomonas stutzeri SEE-1 isolated from soil. Materials & Methods: The strain was performed on a P. stutzeri strain isolated previously from soil by culture on MTBE (Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether). The maximum tolerable concentrations of zinc ions and zinc oxide nanoparticles were determined. PCR amplification was used to investigate the czcC gene. The nucleotide sequence was translated into protein sequence and its sequence was compared with other similar sequences in other zinc resistant bacteria. Results: The highest tolerable concentrations of zinc ion and zinc nanooxide was measured at 4mM and 600 µg ml-1, respectively. The primers used for the amplification of the Zn-resistance gene (czcC) yielded a approximately 250 bp band. The comparison of czcC with other sequences in the gene bank database demonstrated 100% similarities with czcC gene in P. stutzeri 1501.          Conclusion: The results of this study showed that soils contaminated with heavy metals are potential sources for the isolation of resistant strains to heavy metals and metal oxide nanoparticles. Understanding the genetic basis of bacterial resistance to heavy metals can improve application of these natural mechanisms to provide a safer environment for all living things. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        784 - Isolation and identification of toluene-degrading bacteria from oil spills of Gharehsoo River located in Kermanshah city
        Narges Shamsi Roya Moravej
        Background & Objectives: Biodegradation is one of the most useful methods for elimination of oil spills and is recently considered as a promising approaches due to numbers of advantages, including low costs, high efficiency and being environment friendly. Gharehsoo More
        Background & Objectives: Biodegradation is one of the most useful methods for elimination of oil spills and is recently considered as a promising approaches due to numbers of advantages, including low costs, high efficiency and being environment friendly. Gharehsoo river is one of those regions which have been contaminated by oil spills during recent years due to its vicinity to Kermanshah Oil Refining Company. This study was aimed to isolate and identify the toluene-degrading bacteria from oil spills in Gharehsoo river located at Kermanshah city. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, the samples were collected from water, soil and active sludge of the contaminated areas. Two isolates were achieved by enrichment of the samples into a selective medium containing toluene. Then, the isolates were identified using morphology, Gram staining, biochemical methods and 16S rRNA sequencing. Also, the ability of isolates to eliminate toluene was testes based on Gas chromatography. Results: Both isolates were identified as Pseudomonas putida strains. Gas chromatography tests showed that the isolates 1 and 2 were able to degrade toluene into the selective medium (0.5% v/v) 89% and 87%, at 72 C, respectively. The isolates were also able to resist and grow under harsh conditions of temperature, pH and osmolality. It was proved that the isolates were able to continue their activity and growth in the presence of other crude oil pollutants (benzene, xylene, ethyl-benzene). Conclusion: Our results showed that these isolates were very efficient for elimination of oil pollutants due to their high growth rate in the presence of relatively high toluene concentration and to the ability to degrade a wide range of oil toxic compounds. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        785 - Study on oprD mutation and imipenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Gilan province
        Hossein Motahhary Tashi Najmeh Ranji
        Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, and one of the mortality causes of nosocomial infections, specifically in patients with severe burns. One of the drug resistance mechanisms in P. aeruginosa is mutation or dow More
        Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, and one of the mortality causes of nosocomial infections, specifically in patients with severe burns. One of the drug resistance mechanisms in P. aeruginosa is mutation or down-regulation of oprD gene. In this study, we investigated oprD mutations in imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates in Gilan province. Materials & Methods: In this sectional study, 45 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from different clinical samples of Rasht and Lahijan hospitals and laboratories. The antibiotic resistance and susceptibility of the strains were determined by Kirby Bauer and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Then, PCR and sequencing were performed to evaluate oprD mutation in imipenem-resistant isolates. Results: 44.4% isolates were imipenem- resistant. The highest resistance was shown to 512 µg/ml of imipenem. Sequencing analysis showed that 5 isolates have T103S and K115T missense mutations in the oprD gene. Furthermore, silencing mutations including L92L were detected in 7 samples, S100S in 7 samples, P116P in 5 samples, and G151G in 3 samples. Conclusion: Since oprD plays, a major role in imipenem entry to the cell, oprD mutation can be the cause of imipenem resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates. Furthermore, the oprD mutation might have changed the affinity to imipenem in these isolates. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        786 - Genotyping of Pseudomonas aeroginusa isolated from hospital infections
        Gholamreza Banisharif Hassan Momtaz
        Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common  opportunist  pathogen  in hospitals and the etiologic agent of   the majority of infections in human beings. This study aimed to genotyping of P. aeruginosa isolated from hospital More
        Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common  opportunist  pathogen  in hospitals and the etiologic agent of   the majority of infections in human beings. This study aimed to genotyping of P. aeruginosa isolated from hospital infections. Materials &  Methods: This  cross-sectional study was  performed  on 18  isolates  of  P. aeruginosa  isolated  from hospitalized  patients in Shahrekord hospitals. We applied three different methods, RAPD-PCR, Rep-PCR and ERIC-PCR for genotyping of the isolates. Results: Based on RAPD-PCR method, overall 86 different bands of DNA with a range of 300 to 1000 bps were obtained from the under study isolates and among them, 74 bands were polymorphic. Analysis of P. aeruginosa isolates based on ERIC-PCR produced 98 bands with a range of 150-8000 bps. Overall 16 genomic profile with 30 to 86% and for a few strains, 100% similarities were produced based on Rep-PCR. Conclusion: Overall, all isolates showed polymorphic band patterns and no monochromic band was observed for the isolates. The presence of polymorphic band patterns in these techniques  shows high rates of polymorphism in the genome  of P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the techniques used in this study are reliable approaches for genotyping of P. aeruginosa. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        787 - Study ability of the bacteria isolated from the red soils of the Hormuz island in the production of iron nanoparticles
        Zainab Pourreza Mohammad Mehdi Motaghi
        Background & Objectives: Iron magnetic nanoparticles have been widely studied for biological, medical as well as industrial applications. The physical and chemical synthesis methods currently used to produce nanoparticles cause environmental contamination. Certain b More
        Background & Objectives: Iron magnetic nanoparticles have been widely studied for biological, medical as well as industrial applications. The physical and chemical synthesis methods currently used to produce nanoparticles cause environmental contamination. Certain bacteria are capable of synthesizing significant amounts of iron nanoparticles, quite in conformity with the principles of green chemistry. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify iron nanoparticle-producing bacteria from soils of Hormuz Island, Iran. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with soil sampling from the Hormuz Island. Following serial dilution, culturing and purification in a combined solid agar culture medium, biochemical and molecular tests were used to identify bacteria.  The properties of nanoparticles produced by bacteria were studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: The presence of Pseudomonas sp. was confirmed using biochemical characteristics, sequencing, and blasting the obtained sequences in NCBI database in the Hormuz Island soil. UV-Vis spectrometry and XRD graphs proved the presence of iron nanoparticles produced by bacteria. Furthermore, SEM images showed the size of nanoparticles as less than 50 nm. Conclusion: The results of this study highlighted the adequacy of Pseudomonas isolated from the Hormuz Island soil in iron nanoparticle bio-synthesis as a cost-effective method, without any need for high energy expenditure. Therefore, the use of this bacterium as a useful biological source for large scale synthesis of iron nanoparticles is recommended through further studies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        788 - Evaluation of gibberellin and auxin production ability by endophytic bacteria Pseudomonas putida in soybean TMS cultivar
        Faegheh Etminani Adibeh Etminani Sholeh Darvishi
        Background & Objectives: Endophytic bacteria live inside tissues of their plant host without causing visible symptoms, and in more cases are reported as plant growth promoting bacteria. This study was conducted to determine plant growth promoting affects of endophyt More
        Background & Objectives: Endophytic bacteria live inside tissues of their plant host without causing visible symptoms, and in more cases are reported as plant growth promoting bacteria. This study was conducted to determine plant growth promoting affects of endophytic bacteria associated with Soybean (cultivar TMS). Materials & Methods: In order to isolate endophytic bacteria from various parts of soybean (cultivar TMS), samples were collected from the farm of Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj. After genomic DNA extraction, 16S rDNA gene was amplified using PCR. Then, the PCR product was sequenced by BLAST. Strains were surveyed for IAA, and GA production ability was carried out using a randomized complete design in three replications. Results: The isolated bacteria were able to produce IAA in various amount 3.2 -12.14 µg/ml without tryptophan and in the presence of it, 7.2 -15.14 µg/ml. GA producing abilities were also 0.11-0.20 µg/ml for these isolates. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence, the isolated bacteria was belonged to Pseudomonas putida with 99% similarity. Conclusion: This study is the first report of isolation of P. putida from Soybean (TMS cultivar). The endophytic bacteria isolated in this study can be used to promote plant growth. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        789 - Assessment of point mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Guilan province
        Najmeh Ranji Fatemeh Asadi Rahmani Seyedeh Shideh PourKhalili
        Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen especially in immunocompromised patients. Drug resistance in P. aeruginosa is caused by different mechanisms such as mutations in topoisomerases subunits and negative regulators of efflux p More
        Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen especially in immunocompromised patients. Drug resistance in P. aeruginosa is caused by different mechanisms such as mutations in topoisomerases subunits and negative regulators of efflux pump systems. This study was aimed to investigate mutations in gyrB, parC, and nfxB genes in ciprofloxacin-resistant P.aeruginosa isolates in Guilan province.   Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 isolates were obtained from different clinical samples of Rasht and Lahijan hospitals and laboratories and subsequently identified by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test. PCR-sequencing was used to assess mutations in gyrB, parC, and nfxB genes in ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates.   Results: Out of  69 P. aeruginosa isolates, 26 isolates were ciprofloxacin-resistant. MIC of ciprofloxacin in resistant isolates was determined between 32-1024 µg/ml. PCR-sequencing analysis revealed that some resistant isolates have missense mutations in gyrB, parC, and nfxB genes. It seems that N368S, I424L, L464I, E468D, M520L, and I524V mutations in gyrB were reported for the first time in Iran.   Conclusion: It seems that reported mutations in gyrB and parC genes affect topoisomerases affinity to ciprofloxacin in resistant isolates. Furthermore, mutations in the nfxB gene may lead to overexpression of MexCD-OprJ efflux pump and ciprofloxacin resistance.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        790 - The effect of silybin-encapsulated micelle nanoparticles on mexY expression in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
        Zahra Ahmadi Roudbaraki Najmeh Ranji Aref Mohammadipour Zahra Ghasemnegad
        Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major nosocomial infection in immunocompromised patients. Silybin as an herbal drug has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects and recently further studies have been focused on its antibacterial functions. The More
        Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major nosocomial infection in immunocompromised patients. Silybin as an herbal drug has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects and recently further studies have been focused on its antibacterial functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of silybin on mexY gene expression in ciprofloxacin (CP)-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa.Materials & Methods: In this study, six ciprofloxacin- resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa were both treated by ciprofloxacin (1/2 MIC) only as a control sample and in combination with silybin-encapsulated micelles (nanoparticles) as the test sample. MBC test was performed 24 h after culturein Mueller-Hinton agar. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, mexY expression was quantitatively investigated in silybin- treated and untreated cells.Results: Our findings showed that a combined silybin-encapsulated micelles and ciprofloxacin (1/2 MIC) treatment reduces the bacterial growth up to 50% after 24h. Also Q-RT-PCR analysis revealed that silybin-encapsulated micelles decrease mexY expression.Conclusion: Our results suggest that silybin could inhibit bacterial growth by decreasing mexXY-oprM efflux pump count on the cell surface. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        791 - Anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial effects of bacteriocin-producing strains of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis
        Mohammad Reza Sarjoughian Shakiba Darvish Alipour Astaneh
        Background & Objectives: The prevalence of infection, along with the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has caused the antibacterial peptide, bacteriocins, to be considered. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of bacteriocin-produc More
        Background & Objectives: The prevalence of infection, along with the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has caused the antibacterial peptide, bacteriocins, to be considered. The purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of bacteriocin-producing bacteria.Materials & Methods: The inhibitory activity of bacteria isolated from different regions of Semnan soil, Dasht Desert (Semnan University Bacterial Culture Collection; DDBCC) was studied against the indicators by agar diffusion method. Candidate strains were identified by biochemical and molecular tests. Concentrating the selected bacteriocins by ammonium sulfate saturation, the effects of biofilm destruction were studied. Then, using a thin layer chromatography the selected bacteriocins were purified and their antimicrobial activity was confirmed.Results: The 16s rRNA sequencing results showed 98% similarity of DDBCC38 and DDBCC51 isolates to E. coli and 96% similarity of the DDBCC46 isolate to Bacillus subtilis. Concentrated DDBCC51 and DDBCC38 bacteriocins inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, and Klebsiella pneumonia after 52 hours. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms were destructed by DDBCC51 and DDBCC38 bacteriocins 12.0% and 40.0%, and 19.6% and 40%, respectively. In contrast, concentrated DDBCC46 bacteriocin was effective on K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa in 72 hours but had no effect on biofilm destruction. The purification of DDBCC38 and DDBCC51 bacteriocins by thin layer chromatography resulted in 2 mm increasing of inhibition zone diameter against K. pneumoniae. However, purified DDBCC46 bacteriocin reduced it by 4 mm.Conclusion: Considering the anti-biofilm and antagonistic properties of the respective isolates, further studies for optimization of the production conditions and molecular identification of the produced bacteriocin are proposed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        792 - Screening of indigenous potassium-solubilizing bacterial strains and evaluation of their ability in solubilisation of absorbable potassium
        Jafar Dorjdor Sajjad Yazdansetad Mohammad Hosein Arzanesh Hatef Ajoudanifar
        Background & Objectives: Approximately 98% of total potassium in soil is in unavailable mineral forms for plants. Potassium-solubilizing bacteria are able to dissolve potassium bearing silicate minerals and release available form of potassium to the plants. The pres More
        Background & Objectives: Approximately 98% of total potassium in soil is in unavailable mineral forms for plants. Potassium-solubilizing bacteria are able to dissolve potassium bearing silicate minerals and release available form of potassium to the plants. The present study was intended to isolate potassium-solubilizing bacteria from rhizosphere soil of crop plants and to evaluate the ability of isolates in solubilisation of absorbable potassium. Material & Methods: Potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of different crop plants. The isolates were grown on optimized Aleksandrov agar and were assayed based on the diameter of zone of potassium solubilization. The selected isolates were identified using macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, and molecular methods. The Flame photometry was used to quantify potassium released by isolates in Aleksandrov broth and soil. Results: Totally, 5 out of 30 isolates with ability to release potassium showed high activity in potassium solubilisation. The biochemical and molecular studies indicated that these isolates belonged to the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Pseudomonas. The flame photometry results showed that the amount of potassium released by the isolates ranged from 950 to 1250 mg/l in broth media and 525 to 550 mg/kg in soil. Conclusion: The potassium-solubilizing bacteria were isolated and identified from rhizosphere samples and identified. These isolates showed high ability for solubilisation of silicate minerals and release of absorbable potassium and therefore they can be used in biofertilizers to enhance the availability of potassium in the soils and to improve the growth and yield of crop plants. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        793 - Isolation and molecular identification of L- asparaginase producing bacteria from Persian Gulf
        Fatemeh Izadpanah Qeshmi Sedigheh Javadpour Kianoosh MalekZadeh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        794 - Evaluation of the synergistic effect of bacterial recombinant alginate lyase and therapeutic antibiotics on the growth of planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa
        Hadis Tavafi Ahya Abdi- Ali Parinaz Ghadam Sara Gharavi
        Background & Objectives: Alginate is one of the most important virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of recombinant alginate lyase and common antibiotics in the treatment of Pseudomonas&n More
        Background & Objectives: Alginate is one of the most important virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of recombinant alginate lyase and common antibiotics in the treatment of Pseudomonas infections on the growth of planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa. Materials & Methods: In this study, P. aeruginosa TAG48 was isolated and identified from the clinical sample. To purify alginate lyase and its effect on planktonic cells, the alginate lyase gene (algL) was isolated, cloned, sequenced and expressed. The resultant enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography. The ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and cefixime were also used to test the effectiveness of these antibiotics on planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa by carrying out MIC, MBC. The synergistic effects of these antibiotics and the recombinant alginate lyase enzyme on planktonic cells were evaluated. Results: Our results indicated that the antibiotics and the enzyme have shown MIC for ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, cefixime and enzyme in the following concentrations: 4, 16,128 and 9.37 μg/ml, respectively. MBC was also calculated equal to MIC. Also, alginate lyase exhibited synergy with tobramycin and cefixime on the growth of planktonic cells of P. aeruginosa TAG48 but not with ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Regarding the importance of alginate in the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, its degradation could reduce this characteristic of the bacteria. Detection of novel algL genes in bacterial communities can also lead the way for the study of alginate lyases with specific activities against alginates from pathogenic bacteria in microbial samples. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        795 - Isolation, screening and efficiency of Pseudomonas isolates in biofilm formation on organic and inorganic carriers and phenanthrene bioremediation
        maryam Tarkashvand Amir Lakzian Amir Fotovat Mehdi Mohammady
        Background & Objectives: Microbial biofilms are one of the most important microorganism’s forms of life in the environment. The aim of this study was to use native Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilm form to clean up phenanthrene. Material & Methods: Among 6 More
        Background & Objectives: Microbial biofilms are one of the most important microorganism’s forms of life in the environment. The aim of this study was to use native Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilm form to clean up phenanthrene. Material & Methods: Among 63 Pseudomonas isolates from Iranian soil, bacterial isolate with high potency in biofilm formation and crude oil degradation was selected and genetically identified. The effect of inorganic (raw pumice, processed pumice and perlite) and organic (biochar and sugarcanes bagasse) carriers on biofilm formation was investigated. Biofilm structure was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Also, the effects of two growth form (biofilm, planktonic) on biochar carrier on laccase production and phenanthrene degradation in liquid media was investigated. Results: Purified Pseudomonas isolates were screened based on biofilm formation and crude oil degradation. B59 (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) with 56.62% showed the highest percentage of crude oil degradation. Highest and lowest CFU belonged to biochar and processed pumice with 8.8 and 2.9 respectively. Laccase activity was measured in biofilm form and planktonic form 39.8 and 33.1 Um-1 respectively. Biofilm form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to 97.17% phenanthrene degradation where planktonic form reached 91.37%. Conclusion: Results showed that biofilm form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to planktonic form by significant increase in CFU and laccase activity result in more phenanthrene degradation in liquid media. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        796 - Increased levels of Receptor for Advanced Glycation Products (RAGE) gene expression by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in septicemia patients
        Fatemehsadat Hosseini Ashraf Kariminik Elham Nasiri
        Background & Objectives: Identifying the bacteria causing the infection and interacting with the immune system is too essential. RAGE is a receptor, which recognizes several endogenous and exogenous molecules and CXCL11 participates in the induction of appropriate i More
        Background & Objectives: Identifying the bacteria causing the infection and interacting with the immune system is too essential. RAGE is a receptor, which recognizes several endogenous and exogenous molecules and CXCL11 participates in the induction of appropriate immune responses against microbes. The aim of the study was expression of the molecules in the patients suffering from septicemia versus healthy controls. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the expression levels of RAGE and CXCL11 in 40 patients with septicemia and 40 healthy subjects, were evaluated using Real time-PCR technique. Diagnosis of septicemia was performed by blood culture and bacterial biochemical tests. Results: RAGE mRNA levels were significantly increased in patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter bamanii. However, no significant increase in CXCL11 expression level was observed in patients and healthy controls and also in comparison with bacteria causing infection. Conclusion: Results showed that RAGE is a critical receptor against Pseudomonas aeruginosa during septicemia, Therefore, methods to reduce the expression of RAGE molecules can play a practical role in cleansing the blood from this bacterium. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        797 - Determination of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the prevalence of bla OXA-23 gene in isolates from a Hospital in North Khorasan
        Mohadeseh Radmehr majid moghbeli
        10.30495/jmw.2021.690460
        Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens of opportunistic infections, which is considered as one of the main causes of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to isolate pseudomonas aeruginosa and identify strai More
        Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens of opportunistic infections, which is considered as one of the main causes of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to isolate pseudomonas aeruginosa and identify strains with                  bla OXA-23 gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Materials & Methods: In this study, 70 isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa from various            infections including lung, urine, blood, wound and sputum were collected in north khorasan       hospital, after phenotypic and genotypic confirmation of the isolates, antibiotic discs of doripenem and imipenem (Rosco), meropenem and ciprofloxacin, colistin and amikacin (Mast) were used to perform antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria by disk diffusion method. Results: Isolates showed 32.8%, resistance to amikacin , 47.1% todoripenem, 37.1% to imipenem, 40% to ciprofloxacin, and 10% to colistin. The highest resistance of the strains was related to meropenem 61.4% and the lowest was colistin with 10% resistance. Conclusion: In this study, the resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa to the antibiotic meropenem was 61.4% and compared to other studies, including in ethiopia, showed a higher level of           antibiotic resistance, this level of carbapenem resistance indicates an increase in resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to carbapenems.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        798 - Chromium bioremediation by Pseudomonas plecoglossicid and mesoporous silica nanoparticles from oil contaminated soils
        mahdi Shahriarinour Shahghayegh Talebsarbazi Faten Divsar
          Background & Objectives: The presence of cytotoxic and carcinogenic heavy metals such as Chromium in industrial wastewater is an important pollution for agricultural soils and natural water sources.  The aim of study was to evaluate chromium removal with More
          Background & Objectives: The presence of cytotoxic and carcinogenic heavy metals such as Chromium in industrial wastewater is an important pollution for agricultural soils and natural water sources.  The aim of study was to evaluate chromium removal with a bacterium isolate form contaminated soil compared to mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Materials and methods: In this study, for isolate chromium decomposing bacteria, soil were sampled from different  of contaminated beach of Kiashahr. Preliminary identification of the isolated strains was done based on biochemical tests and then molecular identification of bacteria by 16SrRNA sequencing. Cr removal was evaluated with resistant strain and nanoparticles by Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), individually.   Results: Chromium-degrading bacteria were identified based on 16SrRNA analysis and 99% homology of Pseudomonas pelicoglucida. Removal of chromium by mesoporous silica nanoparticles at a concentration of 300 μg / ml was higher than the isolated strain of Pseudomonas pelicoglucida and showed a removal rate of up to 75%. However, by increasing the concentration of chromium by more than 600 micrograms per milliliter, the ability of bacteria to remove chromium from mesoporous silica nanoparticles showed better results by 80% to 72% chromium removal. Conclusion: Results indicated Pseudomonas pelicoglucida and nanoparticles can be used to remove chromium from contaminated soils and waters. It is also recommended to use chromium-removing bacteria and nano-adsorbents to remove chromium at the same time to increase the efficiency of chromium removal. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        799 - Molecular Identification of Native Pseudomonas Strains with Polyethylene Degradation Ability from Soil
        Hanieh Shahreza Abbas Akhavan Sepahi farzaneh hosseini Ramezan Ali Khavarinejad
        10.30495/jmw.2021.690446
        Background & Objectives: Nowadays, high consumption plastics such as polyethylene are         recognized as one of the major environmental pollutants by the World Environment Organization. The aim of this study was to isolate More
        Background & Objectives: Nowadays, high consumption plastics such as polyethylene are         recognized as one of the major environmental pollutants by the World Environment Organization. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify native Pseudomonas bacterial strains with the polyethylene packaging degradation ability. Materials & Methods: In order to conduct this study, soil samples were collected. In order to    isolate the isolates with polyethylene degradation ability, two methods of direct culture and       culture by pre-enrichment method were used. After culturing the bacteria in MSM medium and examining the percentage of plastic weight loss, the superior strain was selected for DNA          extraction and PCR of alk-B gene. PCR results were sequenced and examined phylogenetically. Results: The results of the present study showed that the percentage of degradation of                polyethylene by Pseudomonas strains was 7.2% at most and 4.5% on average. Also, all purified degrading bacteria in this study harbored alk-B gene. Conclusion: The results showed that the degradation of polyethylene materials can be                significantly accelerated by using and optimizing bacteria isolated from soil. It seems that by     promoting genetic methods based on the genome of bacteria, especially the strain of               Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it is possible to develop methods during which all commonly used types of polyethylene are degraded in a much shorter time than normal.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        800 - The evaluation of the effect of gold nanoparticles on the expression of (MexA/B) efflux pump genes from the RND family in multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains
        Nehleh Falahati Houshang Jamali Mohammad Kargar Farshid Kafilzadeh
        Background and purpose: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has several protein pumps with which it puts antibiotics out. This has led to the formation of multidrug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles on the expression of mexA/B gene More
        Background and purpose: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has several protein pumps with which it puts antibiotics out. This has led to the formation of multidrug resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles on the expression of mexA/B genes in multidrug       resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 74 suspected samples of        Pseudomonas genus were collected and phenotypic and genotypic tests were used to screen     Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Then, anibiogram test using 11 antibiotics from different classes was performed by the use of CLSI 2020 standard tables and the disk diffusion method.The frequency of mexA/B genes was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction method and after determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of gold nanoparticles, the effect of gold nanoparticles on the expression of mexA/B genes was evaluated using SYBER Green-Real Time PCR technique. Results: In this study (67.57%) 50 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified. The     highest and lowest levels of antibiotic resistance were related to azteronam (98%) and cefpime (26%). The prevalence of mexA/B genes was respectively  MexA (74%), mexB (70%) and      mexA/B (58%) and also 12% lacked both genes. Gold nanoparticles showed growth inhibitory effect at MIC ≥ 50ppm and at 25 ppm concentration with ciprofloxacin, showed inhibitory effect on the expression of mexA/B genes. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that gold nanoparticles can inhibit the expression of mexA and mexB genes in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Due to the fact that gold nanoparticle does not have toxic effects on eukaryotic cells, it can be important in the treatment process of this group of bacteria.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        801 - Synergistic effect of silver oxide nanoparticles and probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on gene expression of MexX component of pump efflux system in drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains
        Oumaima AL-Hilli farahnaz molavi maryam tehranipoor
        10.30495/jmw.2021.690448
        Background & Objectives: An important part of drug resistance In Pseudomonas aeruginosa is    related to efflux pump systems. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of silver oxide nanoparticle and Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic on MexX gene expre More
        Background & Objectives: An important part of drug resistance In Pseudomonas aeruginosa is    related to efflux pump systems. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of silver oxide nanoparticle and Lactobacillus plantarum probiotic on MexX gene expression has been studied. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 49 samples were collected from Mashhad and identified using standard methods. Strains with multidrug resistance were selected to determine MIC and check the frequency of MexX gene by PCR method. Broth dilution method was performed for probiotics, silver oxide nanoparticles and combination of both to obtain MIC and MBC. Microdilution method and Real time-PCR technique were used to determine the        effective dilution of silver oxide nanoparticles and probiotics and MexX gene expression,          respectively. The data related to the changes in MexX gene expression were analyzed by             the 2-ΔΔCT  method using the independent T test in two groups. Results: All strains had MexX gene and all of them were resistant to more than two antibiotics. The minimum concentration of growth inhibition in the dilution method in agar was for silver     oxide nanoparticles up to a dilution of 500 µg/ml and for probiotics up to a dilution of 16 µg/ml. Compared to probiotics, silver nanoparticles had a greater effect in inhibiting the growth of        bacteria, and the amount of this effect is greater than the combined effect of probiotics and silver nanoparticles (P>0.05). Conclusion: Silver oxide nanoparticle and probiotic have antibacterial effect to reduce            MexXY-OprM efflux pump function in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        802 - Comparing the effect of metronidazole with pyocyanin pigment extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Trichomonas vaginalis in-vitro
        sara abdizadehjavazm zohreh momeni mona farhadi
        10.30495/jmw.2023.1962624.2025
        Background and Objectives: Pyocyanin is a blue pigment with oxidation and reduction potential and metabolically active, which has medicinal effects on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, the most important no More
        Background and Objectives: Pyocyanin is a blue pigment with oxidation and reduction potential and metabolically active, which has medicinal effects on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, the most important non-viral    sexually transmitted disease in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of      pyocyanin extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Trichomonas vaginalis and PC12cell line. Materials & Methods: This study was carried out by an interventional  method. First, pyocyanin was extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain RTCC1474 with the help of chloroform. The relative purity of the pigment was determined by thin-layer chromatography, spectrophotometry UV-Vis and FTIR. Its effect in different concentrations were investigated on Trichomonas vaginalis and PC12 cell line. Results: Pyocyanin at a concentration of 10,000µg/ml in 24 hours and concentrations of 5,000 and 2,500µg/ml in 48 hours caused 100% inhibition of the parasite growth. Its IC50 (Inhibitory Concentration of 50%) level in 48 hours was 17.44µg/ml and the CC50 of this pigment on the cell line was 930 µg/ml, so pyocyanin is effective against the Trichomonas vaginalis and its toxicity on the cell line is 53 times higher than of the parasite (SI=53/32). Conclusion: Considering the inhibitory effect of pyocyanin on the growth of Trichomonas    vaginalis  based on the results, it is possible that with further research on the extraction and purification of this pigment from various isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and with additional tests in vitro and in vivo, a more accurate judgment regarding the antiparasitic power of this      pigment can be expressed.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        803 - The effects of Tomatidine alkaloid on biofilm formation and the exprsssion of quorum sensing associated genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
        Hadi Ghoomdost Noori Omid Tadjrobehkar Elham Moazamian
        10.30495/jmw.2022.1968949.2040
        Background and Objectives: Quorum sensing system plays an important role in regulating pathogenic propertise and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Therefore, inhibiting the quorum sensing system can be a suitable solution in the treatment of infections relate More
        Background and Objectives: Quorum sensing system plays an important role in regulating pathogenic propertise and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Therefore, inhibiting the quorum sensing system can be a suitable solution in the treatment of infections related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sub-inhibitory concentretions of tomatidine on the expression of quorum sensing genes and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Materials and methods: The present study was a laboratory interventional study. Biofilm formation was evaluated by microtiter plate method. The RNA of all bacteria was extracted using a column RNA isolation kit and the expression of lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR and algD genes in both    normal conditions and after treatment with tomatidine was analyzed. Antibiotic resistance was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. Results: The highest and least antibiotic resistance was detected against ticarcillin (80%) and colistin (5%), respectively. Tomatidine up to a concentration of 2 mg/ml had no inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 55% of the strains were weak biofilm producers and 45% were strong biofilm producers. The expression of all genes and biofilm formation increased after treatment with tomatidine. The lasI and rhlR genes were respectively the most and least affected genes. Among the five genes examined, only rhlR is significantly more expressed in weak biofilm producers. Conclusion: The results showed, contrary to expectation, the sub-MIC concentrations of tomatidine increase the expression of quorum sensing genes and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        804 - Assessment of Biological Modification of Phenol Using Native Bacteria Isolated from Water and Sediment of Parishan Lake
        Farshid Kafilzadeh Mohammad Sadegh Farhang doost Abbasali Rezaeian Amir Ashkan Mahjour
        Introduction and Objectives: Phenol and phenol compounds are extremely toxic which found abundantly in the compounds such as pesticides, herbicides, poisons and chemical fertilizer.  Phenol are highly harmful for the creatures, particularly for human beings.  More
        Introduction and Objectives: Phenol and phenol compounds are extremely toxic which found abundantly in the compounds such as pesticides, herbicides, poisons and chemical fertilizer.  Phenol are highly harmful for the creatures, particularly for human beings.  It leaves irretrievable effects, so it deems advisable to eliminate these compounds from the nature in different ways.  Physicochemical methods were used formerly to eliminate phenol.  In addition to much expenditures, these methods also cause the production of the dangerous  intermediary compounds.  Now, the biological analysis of phenol being considered.  Among the microorganisms, bacteria have particular importance in phenol analysis. Material and Methods: This research has been done on the sediment and water samples of Parishan lake which is one of the international wetland of Iran.  Many samples of bacteria were detached.  The separation method for sediment samples is as follows in which 10gr of sample is mixed with 100ml of phenol broth culture medium. Then it is supplied with air in a 30-degree temperature on a shaker having 170rpm. In water sample, 10ml of water sample mixed with 100ml of phenol broth medium. Other stages are repeated again similarly. This process continues until the pure bacteria are separated. The technical medium which is the basis of this experiment including KH2PO4, K2HPO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, FeCl3, phenol, water and pH7. Results: The obtained results presented that the bacteria analyzing phenol formed a wide range of bacteria.  These bacteria are mainly gram negative and belongs to the Pseudomonas family.  These bacteria has got various ability in phenol analysis (0.2-0.9 gr/lit phenol). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the separation and purification of such bacteria can be used for phenol elimination and its toxic derivations in the environment. This is an important step for men's health protection. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        805 - Phenotypic and genetically evaluation of the prevalence of efflux pumps and antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among burned patients admitted to Ghotbodin Shirazi Hospital
        Yahya Dashtizadeh Afagh Moattari Ali akbar Gorzin
        Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of nosocomial infections in burnt patients. Antibiotic resistance through various mechanisms is one of challenges for treatment of these patients. The mex efflux pumps play a vital role in the dev More
        Background & Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of nosocomial infections in burnt patients. Antibiotic resistance through various mechanisms is one of challenges for treatment of these patients. The mex efflux pumps play a vital role in the development of multiple resistances to antimicrobial drugs. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of genes responsible for efflux pumps mexA-B-oprM and to investigate their phenotypes in the isolates. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 250 swabs were obtained from wounds of the patients suffering of burns levels 2 and 3 who admitted in Ghotbodin Shirazi hospital, Shiraz. Presence of P. aeruginosa isolates were confirmed by biochemical tests and PCR. Drug susceptibility, the phenotypic activity of efflux pumps and the presence of mex A, mex B genes were determined using disk diffusion method, cartwheel method and PCR methods, respectively. Results: In this study, 26.40% (66 cases) of patients with burn wounds were infected with P. aeruginosa. These bacteria were resistant to all antibiotics tested except for colistin. Totally, 66.66% of the isolates (44 cases) had an efflux pump, among them 42.92% and 87.87% of the isolates carried mexA and mexB genes, respectively. Conclusion: Our finding showed that genotypic method is very accurate and reliable than phenotypic methods for detection of efflux pumps in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Due to presence of the efflux pump genes in more than 90% of the P. aeruginosa isolates, analysis of the presence of these genes is very important for suggestion of an effective treatment model for the patients with bacterial infection. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        806 - Immunization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate - conjugated to diphteria toxoid in mice
        Ghazaleh Jaberi Reza Shapouri Ashraf Kariminik
        Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important infectious agent in medicine. These bacteria cause several infections especially in the patient with high degrees of burns and in immunodeficiency cases. The purpose of this study was providi More
        Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important infectious agent in medicine. These bacteria cause several infections especially in the patient with high degrees of burns and in immunodeficiency cases. The purpose of this study was providing conjugated antigen component that can induct production of antibody and memory immune in mouse model against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  Materials and Methods: After culturing P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 and extraction of alginate, Diphteria toxoid, ADH and EDAC were added as protein carrier, spacer and linker, respectively to the alginate. After passing the Alginate diphtheria toxoid conjugated (ALG-DT) through chromatography column (CL-2B), its quality was checked to get the quality control label. The prepared antigens were intraperitoneally injected to BALB/c mice (10µg/ml/mouse) for three times once each two weeks. Blood sampling was performed after two weeks of each injection and the levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were measured by ELISA. Results: The titer of serum antibodies of vaccinated group with ALG-DT increased significantly after each injection. The levels of serum IgG, IgM and IgA against alginate in vaccinated group was significantly more than the control groups, and after third injection reached to 3.5, 1.7 and 1.2 times increases, respectively. Conclusion: The increases in the levels of  antibodies in vaccinated groups are an indicator of activation of T-cells and memory cells. As a result, the conjugated alginate-diphtheria toxoid can be appropriate candidates for production of vaccine.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        807 - Production of cellulose from native bacterial isolates isolated in Iran
        Raheleh Taheri Hatef Ajudanifar Parastoo Pourali
        Background and Objectives: The microbial cellulose which is produced by some strains of Acetobacter and Gluconobacter is structurally similar to plant cellulose. Based on this feature, the microbial cellulose has been used in medical and industrial productions as an imp More
        Background and Objectives: The microbial cellulose which is produced by some strains of Acetobacter and Gluconobacter is structurally similar to plant cellulose. Based on this feature, the microbial cellulose has been used in medical and industrial productions as an important raw material. The aims of this study were to isolate the native bacteria species producing cellulose and to evaluate their production rate. Materials and Methods: In this study, 65 samples were collected from different types of local vinegars, juices and fruits and were cultivated in Hestrin-Schramm's agar medium. Afterward the isolates with maximum ability to produce cellulose were selected and identified using biochemical tests and PCR method. After purification of the cellulose, enzymatic digestions method by cellulase enzyme and scanning electron microscope were used to confirm the presence of cellulose.   Results: Totally, 20 strains with the cellulose production ability were isolated, of them 5 strains with maximum production ability were selected for further investigation. Base on biochemical tests and sequencing method, theses isolates were classified as Acromobacter spanius, Pseudomonas luteola and Pseudomonas durifulva. In this study, the wet and dried weight of the cellulose production were measured as 16.6 and 0.1g, respectively. Conclusion: According to the findings, the cellulose can be produced by native isolates other than Acetobacter and Gluconobacter. In this study, the new native strains of produced cellulose were introduced for the first time in Iran. Also, the produced cellulose by these species has suitable traits in comparison with standard strains.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        808 - Investigating barriers and challenges to freedom of information
        Seyedeh Zahra Jafari Farsi Moin Sabahi Graghani Mostafa Seraji
        10.30495/alr.2022.1952451.2290
        Field and Aims: One of the basic foundations of transparent government is the right of citizens to access information. This right is one of the most important examples of intellectual freedoms, because with the help of accurate and measured information, people can culti More
        Field and Aims: One of the basic foundations of transparent government is the right of citizens to access information. This right is one of the most important examples of intellectual freedoms, because with the help of accurate and measured information, people can cultivate their thoughts and minds and publish their thoughts. But sometimes it encounters obstacles that make it difficult to achieve the desired goals. Therefore, the question arises that what obstacles and challenges does freedom of information face in Iranian law?Method: This research has been applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection by documentary method and by studying valid laws and sources and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically.Finding and Conclusion: The legal system of free access to information is one of the basic elements of democratic governments and the most essential tool for guaranteeing fundamental freedoms, including the right to freedom of expression and the right to self-determination. On the one hand, the right to seek or access information can be considered one of the most essential elements of freedom of expression, and on the other hand, democracy can not guarantee a bright future without guaranteeing the right to information. The right to information has two narrow and broad meanings. This right, in its narrow sense, envisages freedom to seek information, but its broader concept includes the right to access information or the right to receive information. A comprehensive interpretation of the eighth principle of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran justifies this right in the constitutional rights of our country. The legal system became the subject. Nevertheless, the recent law has its drawbacks, obstacles and challenges that have been mentioned. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        809 - Bisexual retaliation in Islam
        sofia divsalar mohajer beytollah divsalar fakhrollah mollaei kandeloos
        10.30495/alr.2021.1876377.1611
        One of the major legal challenges is the status of bisexuals (neutrals) in punishments. The purpose of this article is to examine the retaliation of bisexuals in Islam. In this paper, a descriptive analytical method is used. The main question raised in this article is w More
        One of the major legal challenges is the status of bisexuals (neutrals) in punishments. The purpose of this article is to examine the retaliation of bisexuals in Islam. In this paper, a descriptive analytical method is used. The main question raised in this article is what is the retribution of bisexuals in Islam? And what is the dominant gender determination method for determining retribution punishment? The results of the article indicate that gender is effective in determining the punishment of retribution in Islam. Regarding the situation of bisexuals, it should be said that in jurisprudence, the problem is divided into two general categories: obvious neutral people and neutral neutral people. Jurisprudential rulings are also divided according to these two categories. According to the few theories in this regard, if a man neutralizes the problem, the relatives of the victim can retaliate, but it is necessary to pay a quarter of the blood money to the parents of the killer. If a neutral person kills a woman with a problem, but Dam can retaliate by paying a quarter of the blood money to the neutral parents of the problem, but if both the killer and the victim are neutral, the victim will be retaliated against. It is difficult and obvious that female and male predominance is based on the same dominant gender. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        810 - Investigating the rule of masculinity over women from the perspective of biological differences
        batool doust mohamadi ali rafiee moghadam mohamad akbari
        10.30495/alr.2021.1941056.2176
        3 jurisprudential rules The authority of men over women is based on verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa ', which is the source of many rules and regulations in jurisprudence and law, especially in family law and male-female relations. Male domination over women in our system, in More
        3 jurisprudential rules The authority of men over women is based on verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa ', which is the source of many rules and regulations in jurisprudence and law, especially in family law and male-female relations. Male domination over women in our system, in cases such as the wife's obedience to her husband; Determining the location; The right of a man to oppose a woman's job; Citizenship; Husband's guardianship has affected children and many other cases. There have been different and sometimes conflicting interpretations of this verse. Some commentators in the interpretation of the verse "By the grace of God, some of them are Ali" some have mentioned more than ten cases in proving the superiority of men over women: Alimony and household expenses, and finally the divine decree. Some believe; The best interpretation of the above verse, according to the context of the verses before and after and even the beginning and the end of the verse, is related to the relations between men and women in the family. Others, by generalizing causes such as rational powers, have extended the ruling of the verse to society and believe in the guardianship of men over women. . However, there is strong scientific evidence that strongly denies the biological difference between men and women in sexual matters; But assuming the acceptance of the theory that in the real world, in the nature of human beings, Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        811 - The basis of human rights of exceptions to the protection of literary and artistic works
        Sara Hajizadeh Aboutaleb Koosha Hosein Sadeghi
        10.30495/alr.2022.1953522.2304
        Field and Aims: From the early  national and international  intellectual property  legislation for artistic and literary works, some exceptions such as personal use, use by libraries, educational institutions, as well as criteria such as the three-step te More
        Field and Aims: From the early  national and international  intellectual property  legislation for artistic and literary works, some exceptions such as personal use, use by libraries, educational institutions, as well as criteria such as the three-step test of the Berne Convention, were legislate on the material  rights of the authors of  artists and literary  works. As the purpose followed by the lawmakers of intellectual property  is to  protect the intellectual and material  rights of the authors, the question arises that what is the reason for the existence of these exceptions that lead to the use of intellectual property without the permission of the creator?      Method: This research has studied the relevant sources and collected information by descriptive-analytical method.           Findings and conclusion: With regard to reasons for anticipating these exceptions, it is concluded that  there are some grounds  for these exceptions ,including the human rights protection ,economic factors , welfare and social justice , technology development issues and  in Iran jurisprudential grounds. The present article concludes only by addressing one of these principles, which is the protection of human rights, that the human rights approach leads to maintaining the balance between the rights of the authors and the interests the society has in using these  literary and artistic works. Such human rights as the freedom of speech, access to the information and use of practical developments and participation in cultural life are among the basic grounds for imposing these exceptions on the intellectual property rights. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        812 - Love and Wisdom in the View of Ferdowsi
        Fahimeh Payam Asgari Mohammad Ziar
        This paper will investigate, through an analysis of the story “Zal and Rudabeh”, Ferdowsi’s views on love and wisdom. The story depicts a comprehensive and credible image of love, passion, wisdom and patriotism, which reflect Ferdowsi’s realistic More
        This paper will investigate, through an analysis of the story “Zal and Rudabeh”, Ferdowsi’s views on love and wisdom. The story depicts a comprehensive and credible image of love, passion, wisdom and patriotism, which reflect Ferdowsi’s realistic viewpoint and the lover’s interaction with and meditation on current problems. Thus, in a credible context, Zal, who is not an embodiment of physical beauty unlike in many romances, endeavors to reach his beloved through wisdom, perseverance and humanity. As the story unfolds, love and passion are represented along with pacifism, patriotism, and wisdom, and Ferdowsi takes the story beyond earthly love, transforming it to a profound, transcendental and beautiful notion which disseminates the message of interaction, wisdom, and compromise. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        813 - Ravandi influence of Shahnameh and Ravandi serve to correct Shahnameh in Rahat Alsdvr
        Yadollah BAhmani Motlagh
        Ravandi renowned historian and scholar transport the sixth and early seventh century with 594 bits of Shahnameh in Rahat - Alsdvr that all practical wisdom and writing a lot on weight and tone poems of Shahnameh in addition to proving his great epic , Ferdowsi's devotio More
        Ravandi renowned historian and scholar transport the sixth and early seventh century with 594 bits of Shahnameh in Rahat - Alsdvr that all practical wisdom and writing a lot on weight and tone poems of Shahnameh in addition to proving his great epic , Ferdowsi's devotion and interest ,because of the proximity of the development of all copies of the Shahnameh Shahnameh and Rahat Alsdvr that is closer to him , indirectly, to correct the Shahnameh has great service . As we know one of the ways to correct texts in order to counter the effect on other versions of a text with moveable lines close to the time of the poet's works . Shahkar‌Hay Shahnameh is one of the great Persian poet ever noticed that most of the writers , historians and poets have quoted many verses from it. In view of the plurality of movable lines Shahnameh and Ferdowsi Ravandi Rahat Alsdvr and coincidence, in this paper to examine personal lines and then the correction value of print-authentic way to deal with the Shahnameh and copies of them will be discussed. The results show that, firstly, all the verses cited in legal and ethical issues that our certainty about the use of the author of notes and entries already made, the more, Secondly, in the midst of this there are cases that lines of all extant copies Available Shahnameh is preferable. So it seems to be Shahnameh correct editors have special attention to this valuable work. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        814 - Cognitive study of metaphorical verbs in Holy Quran
        Ahmad Mohamadi Maryam Moradi
        The subject of this research is the study of metaphorical verbs in the text of Holy Quran and their semantic nature from the perspective of cognitive linguistics on the basis of Lakoff and Johnson’s theory of conceptual metaphors. This method examines the relatio More
        The subject of this research is the study of metaphorical verbs in the text of Holy Quran and their semantic nature from the perspective of cognitive linguistics on the basis of Lakoff and Johnson’s theory of conceptual metaphors. This method examines the relationship between the language of man, his mind and his physical and social experiences. Based on the contemporary theory of metaphor, a specific semantic domain is presented the context of an abstract-conceptual domain by experimental foundation mapping between the two areas of origin and destination. For example, the use of verbs such: “dominates” to express the abstract concept of “conquest”, the verb “extend” which is the spatial concept to express the abstract meaning of “time” and the verb “turning to” to express the abstract of “admission”. Considering the allegorical and metaphorical nature of the Quran’s language to facilitate the perception of spiritual concepts and the difficult meaning that could not be described directly to human beings, many of the verbs in Holy Quran have been based on human physical experiences of communicating with the world around them and providing areas for effective communication and perception of the verses. In this way, the study of the cognitive and conceptual domains of this verbs will provide new curable ways to achieve a systematic and precise semantic framework for the further perception of this spiritual treasures of human history. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        815 - برآورد تابع تقاضای بنزین در ایران طی دوره زمانی 1381 تا 1386 با استفاده از تکنیک پنل دیتا*
        علی امامی میبدی غلامرضا گرایی نژاد نگین دارابی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        816 - The Study of Chaos Phenomenon in TEDPIX of Tehran Stock Exchange
        محمد نمازی زهره حاجیها حسن چناری بوکت
          Abstract Complicated time series such as stock prices and their changes are commonly hypothesized as random and subsequently unanticipated parameters, while probably, these time series could the resultant of a chaos or a regular non–linear active process More
          Abstract Complicated time series such as stock prices and their changes are commonly hypothesized as random and subsequently unanticipated parameters, while probably, these time series could the resultant of a chaos or a regular non–linear active process and consequently they will be anticipatable. This article examines whether TEDPIX of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)are following the random walk process or evaluated by a chaotic process in the period of 1380-1392. For analysis of the hypothesis, unit root, BDS, autocorrelation and auto-regression were used. The results of the study indicate that TEDPIX is a chaotic and non–randomized parameter. These results are related to the inefficiency of the TSE market and subsequently showed that the TSE market has the potential of short–time predictability and there is a non–clearance information progress. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        817 - بررسی روش‌های تأمین مالی با رشد سود آوری شرکت‌های صنایع داروئی در ایران
        علی نعمتی مجتبی کریمی رویا وحیدی مولوی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        818 - The Merging and the efficiency of banking industry in Iran
        Hamid Shahrestani Soghra Ghobadi
        The main goal of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the efficiency of banking industry in Iran. Towards this ends, two methods namely, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) have been employed to investigate the issue in deta More
        The main goal of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the efficiency of banking industry in Iran. Towards this ends, two methods namely, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) have been employed to investigate the issue in detail. The data needed for this study covers the period of 1002 to 1002 and are compiled from balance sheets of commercial banks, specialized banks and also from private banks. The results obtained by the application of DEA method indicate that in terms of economic, allocation, and technical consideration, the average efficiency of banking sectors has been in the order of 265, 775 and 715, respectively. In the SFA method, the overall average efficiency of banking system is estimated to be around %45. the results of our model and its coefficient estimates indicate that the efficiency of banking industry is inversely related to the size of the banks, its overall assets and concentration index while factors such as number of bank branches, its skilled and educated labor force, loan to asset ratio, ratio of credit risk to asset, and e-banking index have a positive impact on efficiency index of banking industry. Promotion of efficiency in the banking sectors can be ensured only when the non viable banks are taking over by acquisition or merging practices Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        819 - تأثیر عوامل مؤثر بر جذب سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی با تأکید بر متغیرهای نهادی و ساختاری
        غلامرضا گرایی نژاد علیرضا دقیقی اصلی آذین سادات استاد رمضان
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        820 - Ranking of Environmental Problems and Obstacles in the Field of Domestic Goods Marketing Management with a Resistance Economy Approach Using the AHP Method
        arghavan yarahmadi Mohammad Reza Jaber Ansari
        10.30495/fed.2023.707992
        Abstract The current research has ranked environmental problems and obstacles in the field of domestic goods marketing management with a resistance economy approach. Among the statistical population of the research, 10 managers of electrical household appliances compan More
        Abstract The current research has ranked environmental problems and obstacles in the field of domestic goods marketing management with a resistance economy approach. Among the statistical population of the research, 10 managers of electrical household appliances company were selected by theoretical saturation method. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. Examining the results showed that in the structural-political dimension, priority is given to the indicator of failure to reduce dependence on oil. For the structural-economic dimension, the highest priority is with the index of fighting against economic corruptors and economic corruptions, for the structural-social dimension, the highest priority is with the tax payment index, for the structural-technological dimension, the highest priority is with the index of the change in the direction of the economy based on resources to an economy based on innovation. In the social-behavioral dimension, the highest priority is given to the index of consumption of domestic products in devices, for the behavioral-technological dimension, the highest priority is given to the indicator of the development of infrastructure required for the empowerment of the workforce, in the contextual-economic dimension, the highest priority is given to the index of creating a competitive environment in the production sector and Distribution is in some product groups. For the contextual-social dimension, the most priority is with the index of strengthening public trust between the government and the people in economic policies, and for the contextual-technological dimension, the most priority is with the index of the use of new technologies in the automobile industry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        821 - Investigating the relationship between economic freedom and social welfare in Iran, based on Amartya Sen of social welfare
        محمد جواد مهدی زاده راینی حمید محمدی ماشالله سالارپور سامان ضیایی
        10.30495/fed.2022.691511
        Abstract One of the macroeconomic goals of countries is to create the necessary conditions to promote social welfare. One of the factors affecting the welfare of economic freedom. In this way, the freedom of the economy through the use of a set of solutions seeks to ac More
        Abstract One of the macroeconomic goals of countries is to create the necessary conditions to promote social welfare. One of the factors affecting the welfare of economic freedom. In this way, the freedom of the economy through the use of a set of solutions seeks to achieve some goals that increase the level of welfare through these goals. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between economic freedom and social welfare in Iran using the ARDL model. This study was based on seasonal data during 2002-2019. The results showed that by increasing economic freedom by one percent, the social welfare index increased by 0.105 percent. and increasing per capita income increases the social welfare index by 0.142 percent. The effect of an increase in the unemployment rate by one percent reduces the social welfare index by -0.122 percent. The effect of a 1% increase in college education was followed by an increase in the social welfare index of 0.283. Also, as the population over 65 years of age, the social welfare index declines by -0.673 percent. The effect of increasing government size also reduces the social welfare index by -0.427 percent. Finally, the effect of increasing tax revenues by one percent, social welfare index by 0.361 percent. According to the results, it can be said that economic freedom can increase social welfare and equity by removing the constraints and limitations of economic pursuits. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        822 - Optimal inflation rate measurement for minimizing economic inequality: The dynamic stochastic general equilibrium approach
        Alireza Azizi Hashem Zare Abbas Aminifard Jalil Khodaparast Shirazi
        10.30495/fed.2022.697619
        AbstractFair distribution of income in countries is one of the development indicators of each country. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate policies for its improvement in order to identify the effect of effective factors on it. In this study, the importance More
        AbstractFair distribution of income in countries is one of the development indicators of each country. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate policies for its improvement in order to identify the effect of effective factors on it. In this study, the importance of determining the optimal inflation rate with the aim of minimizing income inequality by using the randomized dynamic equilibrium method in Iran between 1997 and 2020 is discussed. The results of the research indicate that the inflation rate is optimized to be 3.74 percent, so that the increase or decrease of inflation of this amount will increase income inequality. Therefore, the government should target its inflation rate with the aim of attaining the minimum inequality, so that the probability of fluctuations (increase or decrease) in inequality will exist. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        823 - Using wisdom to understand religious texts by looking at the thoughts of Al-Ghazali and Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
        amir tohidi Mahnaz Tahirgholi
        Abstract The relationship between reason and religion is one of the issues that Islamic scholars have been focusing on for a long time. The present essay examines this issue from the perspective of Al-Ghazali and Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid as two major Islamic thinkers and theo More
        Abstract The relationship between reason and religion is one of the issues that Islamic scholars have been focusing on for a long time. The present essay examines this issue from the perspective of Al-Ghazali and Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid as two major Islamic thinkers and theologians. The results obtained in Al-Ghazali's writings indicate that he has mentioned four meanings for reason, which are theoretical and practical reason and acquired and instinctive intellect. Al-Ghazali sees religious sciences precedent over intellectual sciences and prioritizes sharia over wisdom. And believes that reason is incapable of seeking divine knowledge. But Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid is a theologian with Intellectual foundation who explains theological and jurisprudential propositions through rational reasoning, and invites thinkers to argumentative faith. In his view, reason is considered as a source for defending the teachings of revelation. In addition to using wisdom in theological topics, he believes that in the narrative discussions, the conformity and opposition of the provisions of the hadith with reason is the criterion for the authenticity of the hadith. Since Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid finds the understanding of the hadith subject to careful and deep-seated rational attention, he has been opposed to “people of narrations” as a superficial intellectual current. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        824 - Enactment (Neheshtan) regarded as a new (Methodology) Domain-Nature
        Ali Marjouei Bahram Shahedi Marzieh Piravi Vanak Maryam Ghasemi Sichani
        The cognitive approach (4E), along with the logical reasoning of existentialism provides this opportunity to eliminate the common duality of metaphysics and provides new methodologies regardless of objective-subjective cognitive relation as the basis of quantitative and More
        The cognitive approach (4E), along with the logical reasoning of existentialism provides this opportunity to eliminate the common duality of metaphysics and provides new methodologies regardless of objective-subjective cognitive relation as the basis of quantitative and qualitative concepts. The need for such a design lies both in the human's existential feature and in the inadequacy of the existing methodologies in guiding the theoretical principles of fundamental researches and art. At the beginning of the present study, terminology will determine that all concepts indicate the enactment and establishment and the etymology of the term "methodology" also indicates that the suffix of “logy” is related to transcendence and emergence, and not cognition. Finally, the substitution of methodology which indicated the methods with the domain-nature concept represents a new domain-nature methodology called “Neheshtan”. In this domain-nature enactment, human beings are enacted as "Neheshta" and not “recognized” through enactment by non-human. This domain-nature enactment acquires its authenticity from its correlations with other things and does not have an atomistic view towards the phenomena. domain-nature Neheshtan does not presume knowledge as a possible thing or even impossible ideal, whereas it first presume that the separation of existence and cognition is impossible and then it replace the concept of observation with “Nehesh” assuming that knowledge is replaced and perception and humans’ existence are unified. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        825 - A Study of the Position and Necessity of Freedom in Hegel’s Epistemology
        Hamed Shivaei Shahla Eslami Shamsolmolouk Mostafavi
        The Hegel‘s philosophy of spirit is in the context and center of his philosophical system. Hegel, in spirit phenomenology, has attempted to investigate the spirit motion and its destinations within the history. According to Hegel, the world history is the history More
        The Hegel‘s philosophy of spirit is in the context and center of his philosophical system. Hegel, in spirit phenomenology, has attempted to investigate the spirit motion and its destinations within the history. According to Hegel, the world history is the history of spirit motion towards the rationalization. The spirit motion in the history is a rational and intellectual and we observe, in each part of history, the interaction of spirit with the real and objective history in the one hand and the individual history and freedom in the other hand. The interaction of these aspects is finally realized in the absolute spirit that is the freedom. Therefore, the real formation of the absolute spirit can be observed in the history. Hegel believes that the absolute spirit is a place in which all the eternal and historical facts achieve their final realization and prosperity. The absolute spirit is like a bird which flies freely over the plains and hills of the history. In Hegel’s philosophy, the absolute spirit loses the possibility to realize its real essence without freedom. Indeed, freedom is the critical and consolidating element of Hegel’s philosophy of spirit. Undoubtedly, in Hegel’s philosophy, all affairs have the relationship with freedom as the creator of the absolute spirit in historical dialectic. Therefore, in this descriptive research, in addition to attempt for describing the Hegel’s philosophy of spirit, especially the individual, objective and absolute spirit, the position and necessity of freedom in Hegel’s philosophy of spirit will be discussed.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        826 - Investigating the role of human nature in creating knowledge from the perspective of French Descartes and Ayatollah Javadi Amoli
        ebrahim abarsaji
        The existence of nature in humans and its role in knowledge have been discussed. Some scientists have taken its existence for granted and have talked about its extent and nature, while others have denied it. Among Islamic scholars, the existence of nature is considered More
        The existence of nature in humans and its role in knowledge have been discussed. Some scientists have taken its existence for granted and have talked about its extent and nature, while others have denied it. Among Islamic scholars, the existence of nature is considered almost certain and the talk is aimed at the influence and how it affects. Among Western,ers Descartes fully emphasizes the place and role of innate concepts in epistemology and its scope. In a brief comparison between what these two philosophers have said, we find out their differences and possibly their commonalities.From Descartes' point of view, man understands the existence of God, man and nature in a clear and distinct way that is characteristic of natural concepts. According to Ayatollah Javadi, human nature also knows the existence of God and his attributes such as monotheism, prophethood, and resurrection, and in general the principles of belief, morality, and even behavior.It has been objected to both philosophers that we do not find these natural concepts at the beginning of our life. By accepting the lack of innate concepts at the beginning of human creation, Javadi considers this type of knowledge to be intuitive based on the existence of nature and the single soul of man, but Descartes, without emphasizing on intuitive knowledge and merely mentioning intellectual intuition, found these innate concepts at the beginning of human creation. they know, but in a latent form that is revealed with the emergence of the background and discovers their intellect. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        827 - Domination of MetaphysicalIssues and its Challenges
        Moosa Malayeri Saeideh Saeidi
        Philosophyof science, among Muslim philosophers, embraces certain priory and crucial rules which the discursive-real sciences must take them as their logical structures. On the basis of the rules, each science should have its own subject and follow in the explanation, t More
        Philosophyof science, among Muslim philosophers, embraces certain priory and crucial rules which the discursive-real sciences must take them as their logical structures. On the basis of the rules, each science should have its own subject and follow in the explanation, the principles and rules of proof expand their domination in their determined boundaries, in their researches should intend the essential properties of subject as well. The later point has not been respected in the metaphysics and violated repeatedly by the philosophers. The subject of metaphysics is being qua being, and all predictions of issues must be essential accidents of the topic while many metaphysical predictions are not such. This methodological error has not been considered by most philosophers. Some others, representing certain solutions, having confessed and acknowledged this error. The most important solutions are two things: the first, the metaphysics has no specific subject. The second, the rules of the philosophy of science are preferable and unnecessary to be followed. The first solution which is the ancient one with a little revise has been accepted in this article as a modern solution. Accordingly, the different branches of philosophy which have their own specific and independent subjects and issues, in virtue of their method and basic issues, can be laid under general topic of philosophy as we can put the sciences under the title of experimental sciences. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        828 - Epistemology of prophetic theosophy in Avicenna’s metaphysics
        Enshallah Rahmati
        By prophetic theosophy here is meant the philosophical and thinking order which believes that the prophet and philosopher have been taking the light of their knowledge from one source and Light and the certain knowledge must be emanated by that source. Then at this arti More
        By prophetic theosophy here is meant the philosophical and thinking order which believes that the prophet and philosopher have been taking the light of their knowledge from one source and Light and the certain knowledge must be emanated by that source. Then at this article the quality of obtaining to the knowledge will be discussed. However the one reference will lead to the unity of prophecy and wisdom, but as it will be shown that it cannot be resulted to considering the prophet and theosophers have had the same level, rather the theosophers in the heist level imitate the prophet continuing their ways and teachings. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        829 - Eastern Wisdom and Mysticism from the Viewpoints of Iqbāl lāhūrī
        مسعود سرحدی عزیزالله سالاری
        Depending on his own intellectual system, Iqbāl stresses the eastern wisdom of eastern people and Muslims and challenges the western schools of thought including materialism and nihilism. His philosophy is composed of reasoning, mysticism, Quran, Hadith, love, spiritual More
        Depending on his own intellectual system, Iqbāl stresses the eastern wisdom of eastern people and Muslims and challenges the western schools of thought including materialism and nihilism. His philosophy is composed of reasoning, mysticism, Quran, Hadith, love, spiritual concern, self-consciousness, awakening, passion and includes transcendental theory and action. He believes that the western rationality must be regarded in terms of technique and information and it is empty of deep view and intuition. Iqbāl mentions that achievement of western culture and civilization leads to the development of technical reason and destruction of soul. Western wisdom has developed on the ruins of oppressed world and its satanic and demonic reason is accompanied by tyrannical and aggressive plans. This process has led to the transformation of original cultures of oppressed people and the destruction of eastern knowledge, spirituality and religious belief. For this reason Iqbāl ardently asks eastern Muslims to be attached to their own tradition, strength and knowledge, the knowledge that leads to salvation and truth.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        830 - Explaining the change and continuity of Saudi Arabia's foreign policy approach towards Yemen; The role and impact of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Alireza Mohammadinigjeh Hossain Daheshiar nozar shafiee
        Abstract With the onset of what is known as the Arab Spring, it was inevitable for Iran and Saudi Arabia to play a role. These two important countries in the region took completely different positions regarding the current developments in the crisis-affected countries, More
        Abstract With the onset of what is known as the Arab Spring, it was inevitable for Iran and Saudi Arabia to play a role. These two important countries in the region took completely different positions regarding the current developments in the crisis-affected countries, including Yemen. After Iran's support for Ansarullah, Saudi Arabia launched a military attack on Yemen in April 2014. After 6 years of war, Saudi Arabia shifted towards engaging in political dialogue with the Yemeni side. The main issue of this article is why this change occurred. In response to this problem, using the explanatory-analytical method, it is argued that factors at three levels of analysis - domestic (Saudi Arabia), regional, and international - led to the Saudi military attack on Yemen and subsequent changes at these three levels. It is mentioned that this caused Saudi Arabia to opt for diplomacy. Meanwhile, Iran's role is examined at the regional level of analysis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        831 - Dialectic and the Major Indicators of Political Thoughts of Ferdowsi
        Aliakbar Amini Aghil Goudarzi
        Abstract Shahnameh is a book that explains the battle between goodness and badness which is inspired from Mazdakian and ancient Iranian belief before emerging of Islam. In the period of myths and heroes to the end of Kianian authority, this war is constantly continued. More
        Abstract Shahnameh is a book that explains the battle between goodness and badness which is inspired from Mazdakian and ancient Iranian belief before emerging of Islam. In the period of myths and heroes to the end of Kianian authority, this war is constantly continued. The world view of Shahnameh is a good defend in front of badness. This defend is going too continued at the high level. The extent of Shahnameh is myth; story and history which attempt to compare faces, elements, thoughts and functions into two shapes of good and bad manner of behavior. This paper investigates the major indicators of political thoughts of Ferdowsi.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        832 - Freedom in the Position of Meaning
        Jahanbakhsh Izadi
        Abstract Freedom is a Sublime, illustrious, and unreachable concept, for reaching it man endured vast and extensive struggles and endeavors during the prolonged course of his history; Alas no trace of it! But this prestigious concept, incomparable to other homogeneous v More
        Abstract Freedom is a Sublime, illustrious, and unreachable concept, for reaching it man endured vast and extensive struggles and endeavors during the prolonged course of his history; Alas no trace of it! But this prestigious concept, incomparable to other homogeneous values, bears some conceptual and semantic problems which makes it to fluctuate between its nature and its boundary and territory; a fluctuation between subjectivity and objectivity. Sometimes freedom is defined as an inherent positive or negative concept, sometimes it is implied in confrontation with despotism, democracy, reality and fact and sometimes it is introduced as equality to human nature. In addition to formative and substantive examination of the above mentioned contexts, this article presumes that in its transition to modernity, the concept of freedom faces with complexity and intertwinement, which is on the one hand stemmed from multiplicity of productions, communications, and awareness of political – social demands, and on the other hand indebted to transmission and development of freedom from the primary meaning of inner-liberation and vice-redemption to freedom of organized official and non official external obstacles.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        833 - Necessity of Freedom and the Legal Government in Hayek's Thought
        Mohammad Tohidfam
        Abstract Friedrich Von Hayek was one of the deep thinkers and defenders of individual freedom and legal government .Freedom, ownership and law are the three main concepts of Hayek's thought .Legal government defend from freedom and individual necessarily and ownership a More
        Abstract Friedrich Von Hayek was one of the deep thinkers and defenders of individual freedom and legal government .Freedom, ownership and law are the three main concepts of Hayek's thought .Legal government defend from freedom and individual necessarily and ownership and law depend on together. Hayek believed on negative freedom which is lack of any kind of foreign compulsion or dependence to others will .He believed that in this case law is the only guarantor of freedom and the only way toward this kind of freedom is the equitable behavior .He believed that any kind of foreign compulsion is the enemy of individual freedom and legal government as well as each person related to confirmation of justly behavior. Hayek proposed legal government for this reason that governments did not introduce themselves beyond law. Hayek's legal government with using from deterrents law is a guarantor of individual freedom .This article through consider of Hayek's short biography, philosophical and economical epistemology, wanted to rethinking the strong relationship between freedom and legal government.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        834 - A New Cold War in Russian-US Relations
        Jahanbakhsh Mohebbinia Mansour Salehi
        After two decades of the Cold War between Russia and America, we can see also the rigorous arena of competition between the two powers over various issues which has rooted from competing view in the cold war that is not at the interaction and cooperation but also confli More
        After two decades of the Cold War between Russia and America, we can see also the rigorous arena of competition between the two powers over various issues which has rooted from competing view in the cold war that is not at the interaction and cooperation but also conflict idea to look at the issues surroundingand how to manage international politics. With the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, America launched the world's lone Greyhound and showed itself as the only power in the world to impose on other nations. Russia because of its nuclear power, its huge human capital, its skills in cyber technology, its proximity to Europe and potential alliance with China, as well as the resources at hand will be against the power of defiance to America. While issues such as the Syria issue and Iran's nuclear case, the "Magnytsky" and the "Dymayakvlvf" and Snowden case in recent years made challenges in relations between Russia and America and faced them in a critical point. These events increased differences between the two countries in broader aspects. Differences in the persistence of Cold War mistrust and rivalry between the two countries will rise. Russian officials in response to America's missile defense shield in Eastern Europe,the suspension of Russian membership in CFP, English diplomats expelled from Britain in retaliation, With America's competitiveness over the Arctic and start transcontinental Russian aircraft fleet, Show all new Russian policy toward global developments. Some explain these developments both inside and outside as a New Cold Warand of course, others disagree with this thinking. Some of these measures are a response to America's efforts to make the fundamental changes in the strategic balance between America and Russia. But whether the public relations can work toward a new arms raceand Strategic confrontation of the Cold War bring? Due to theabsence ofconflictingideology, RussiaandAmerica, an eraof competition andcooperation invarious fieldswill experienceacrisis 2 Email: mohebbinia@yahoo.com inUkraineis oneof them.With the onset ofthe crisisin Ukraine(March 2014) andoutofgovernmentcontrol andthe rule ofthe Crimean Peninsulabags,witnessinga new round ofpoliticalconflictbetween theWest, led by AmericaandRussiaare. According to the head of a MoscowWashington rivalry opening on such topics of missile shield plan, Libya, Syria, etc., some believe that the crisis in Ukraine should be divided as Berlin after World War II and the cold war as the vanguard of the new. In such a situation a global paradigm shift in control system and Russia play a major role in the formation of new international relations undertaken so that this article is trying to make Russia policy in conformity with the United States in the fields of policy reviews. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        835 - A comparative Study of Secularism from the Perspective of Turkish, American and French Thinkers: With Emphasis on the Justice and Development Party of Turkey
        Mehdi Lakzi Masoud Ghaffari
        Abstract Turkey, since its establishment by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, put one of bases and fundamental principle of its governmental system on the basis of secularism. One of the key factors of secularism in modern Turkey's Ottoman legacy is that government would supervis More
        Abstract Turkey, since its establishment by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, put one of bases and fundamental principle of its governmental system on the basis of secularism. One of the key factors of secularism in modern Turkey's Ottoman legacy is that government would supervise on religion institutionally. By establishment of Republic in 1923, the state defined its interest basis on secularization and various sectarian groups. The victory of AKP in November 2002 elections, as an Islamic party, has raised important questions about the future of secularism and Islamism in the country. The main characteristics of Turkish secularism is different from American and French one and Turkish people interprets the concept not only on basis of separation between government and religion but elimination of religion from public sphere. The major controversy in Turkey is about the definition of secularism and freedom of religion that resulted from fundamental principles such as the role of religion and government. The study of existing literature about Turkey shows the earlier researches mainly emphasize issues such as security, democracy and process of Turkey joining the Europe Union, and it seems they ignored the Islamists' approaches towards their concepts and identity, especially towards secularism. Accordingly, the authors would try to answer the following questions: what is the AKP' stance on secularism, as an Islamic party? The findings of article suggest the AKP intended to separate the religion from government by accepting the secularism as a governance model in order to guarantee the religious freedom. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        836 - The Role of Ethnicities in Search of Political New Federalism of Iraq
        Bijan Nayeri Mohamadamin Ansari
        Abstract Iraq after the overturn of Saddam and formation of new political institutions and recognition of all ethnicities and religions in the Constitution was affected by a dramatic social revolution. The features of political geography in Iraq led to its breakdown in More
        Abstract Iraq after the overturn of Saddam and formation of new political institutions and recognition of all ethnicities and religions in the Constitution was affected by a dramatic social revolution. The features of political geography in Iraq led to its breakdown into north, center and south, each with its own origin. In northern and Kurd-residing regions, their main concern is to establish federalism and adding Kirkuk (the area in conflict between Kurds, Sunni Arabs, and Turkmens, with 40% of Iraqi oil) Of course, making such a claim has led to riffles between Kurds and Arabs (Shiite and Sunni) and in these areas, Kurds are placed against Arabs. In southern mainly Shiite areas (60% of Iraq oil), affected somehow by Shiites in neighboring countries (mainly Islamic Republic of Iran), this has led to Conflicts between Sunni Arabs and Kurds against Shiite in charge of government. But in the central area which is host of Sunni Arabs, reasons such as bad climate and lack of appropriate soil for agriculture and lack of oil causes that whenever  Kurdish federalism and Shiite federalism   is proposed, Sunni Arabs against Kurds and Shiites. In Iraqi administrative system, undesirable management quality makes mangers be interested in their ethnic interests instead of seeking administrative system efficiency, and this creates hater in other groups and ethnicities. Another barrier against national unity, is the paradox in creating national government, as a barrier against security and democracy and makes governance patterns in the region affect that and add to this paradox. In this article, the inside of Iraqi society and the relationship between ethnicities and competitions inside the government to attain political power and seize governmental posts are studied.      Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        837 - Studying Biodiversity of Plant Associations in Mount On Ebn-e-Ali in Tabriz, Iran
        Tohid Ebrahimi Gagoti Raheleh Ostadhashemi Ahmad Razban Haghighi Naser Kasebi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        838 - Comparing Different Modeling Techniques for Predicting Presence-absence of Some Dominant Plant Species in Mountain Rangelands, Mazandaran Province
        Mansoureh Kargar Davod Akhzari Amir Saadatfar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        839 - Comparison of Measurement Indices of Diversity, Richness, Dominance, and Evenness in Rangeland Ecosystem (Case Study: Jvaherdeh-Ramesar)
        Negar Davari Mohammad Hassan Jouri Ali Ariapour
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        840 - Transcendent Wisdom: Foundations of the Social Sciences
        Mohammad Pezeshgi
        The purpose of this article is to show the continuity of the teachings of transcendent wisdom in the branch of philosophy of social sciences. This means that this philosophy has the philosophy of social sciences. Unlike some writers. Hence, the present article claims th More
        The purpose of this article is to show the continuity of the teachings of transcendent wisdom in the branch of philosophy of social sciences. This means that this philosophy has the philosophy of social sciences. Unlike some writers. Hence, the present article claims that transcendent wisdom can guide the social sciences as paradigmatic assumptions. The meaning claims that transcendent wisdom is used in the philosophy of the social sciences.In the present article, a philosophical argument based on polemical argument has been used to investigate the above claim, which is common in this type of discussion. The achievement of the present paper is that it can provide paradigmatic elements for the social sciences based on transcendent wisdom. Another achievement of this article is the introduction of the philosophy of Islamic-Iranian social sciences.The achievement of this article for other studies is that it can be used in theorizing in Islamic-Iranian social sciences and explaining the methodology of studies of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        841 - The concept of freedom and social justice and its connection in the discourse of Nahj al-Balagha
        قاسم محسنی مری سلیمان عباسی
        The concept of freedom and social justice is one of the ideal concepts that have a special place in social life and people want to define it in the individual and social arena. It seems that the concept of entitlement is one of the elements of social justice that by lea More
        The concept of freedom and social justice is one of the ideal concepts that have a special place in social life and people want to define it in the individual and social arena. It seems that the concept of entitlement is one of the elements of social justice that by learning in the society, people get their deserved rights. Freedom as a human right can be realized with justice. Therefore, the basis of social justice is the necessity of creating a civil society and determining the rules that are the understanding of people in the society as the attribute of rules, establishing, implementing and enforcing rules to regulate social relations to limit freedom to provide interests and interests of all. This study, with the descriptive-analytical research method based on library sources, seeks to formulate the relationship between social justice and freedom in various discourses and Nahj al-Balagheh and to explain the possibility of the realization of these two concepts in social life in these discourses. The way of approaching the discourses about the conflict between freedom and social justice is not the same. Some of them vote for the priority of freedom and some of them for social justice, but Nahj al-Balagheh considered interaction and presence of these concepts to be valid in the social arena. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        842 - Provide a model of random buying behavior tailored to internal and external factors and characteristics of customers using the Grounded theory method (Case study: Khorramabad Welfare chain store)
        seyed najmeddin mousavi maryam moumeni fatemeh akbari pasham
        The aim of this study is to provide a model of customers' random shopping behavior in accordance with their internal and external characteristics in the Khorramabad Welfare chain store. The peresent study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive- correlational in More
        The aim of this study is to provide a model of customers' random shopping behavior in accordance with their internal and external characteristics in the Khorramabad Welfare chain store. The peresent study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive- correlational in terms of data collection method and is of the exploratory redearch type. The statistical community of the research in the first stage qualitatively includes 30 experts familiar with the subject and in the quantitative stage also includes the customers of the Khorramabad Wefare chain store. Then, 100 codes were extracted using the GT method, , which consists of 20 basic themes and 5 organizing themes. Effective element analysis was performed using SPSS(22) software. After achieving the model, in the second stage study, a researcher- made questionnaire was used. In general, the research Result show; individual factors, psychological factors, environmental characteristics and socio- cultural factors have been identified as factors that affecting customers' random shopping behavior. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        843 - Measure the Wisdom of Adolescent high school Students in Isfahan
        mohammad ali salmani ardani mansure shahriari ahmadi
        10.30495/hpsbjourna.2022.1953161.1071
        Strengthening wisdom along with intelligence is essential for students' spiritual and scientific progress. Accordingly, the behavioral indicators and the level of wisdom of students should be measured with a valid tool and appropriate to Islamic culture. The aim of this More
        Strengthening wisdom along with intelligence is essential for students' spiritual and scientific progress. Accordingly, the behavioral indicators and the level of wisdom of students should be measured with a valid tool and appropriate to Islamic culture. The aim of this article assess the wisdom of adolescent students is written.This article is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population included all gifted and moderately intelligent students of the first year of high school in Isfahan in the academic year of 1997-98. Cluster random sampling method was used and 400 people were tested individually with a questionnaire to assess the level of wisdom of adolescent students.. Data were analyzed using Spss and AMOS software using correlation coefficient, heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis.The results of the analysis showed that the mean index in the gifted group is higher than the normal group and gifted male and female students have a higher score in the Wise Behavioral Indices Questionnaire. Eight factors with eigenvalues higher than one were able to explain 71.494% of the variance of items. The results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit index is at a desirable level. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated in terms of Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.895. The coordination between the factors with the total score is acceptable and the model fit index is at a desirable level, which indicates that the questionnaire is sufficient. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        844 - Structural Model of Wisdom based on Successful Intelligence with the Mediating role of self-Esteem in Middle Managers
        Somaye Salek Moghadam Anita Baghdasarians Fatemeh golshani
        10.30495/hpsbjourna.2023.1971534.1134
        AbstractThis research was conducted with the aim of providing a structural model of wisdom based on successful intelligence with the mediation of self-esteem in middle managers. The cross-sectional research method is correlational. The statistical population of this res More
        AbstractThis research was conducted with the aim of providing a structural model of wisdom based on successful intelligence with the mediation of self-esteem in middle managers. The cross-sectional research method is correlational. The statistical population of this research was made up of all the middle level managers of private banks, municipal organizations and Mahan Airlines in Tehran in 1399-1400, from among them, 300 people were selected by staged cluster sampling method. In this research, the tools of wisdom (Ardelt, 2003), successful intelligence (Sternberg, 2005), and self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965) were used, all of which are valid and had acceptable reliability. In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V19 and Lisrel-V8.80 software were used. Also, in order to respond to the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was used. The findings of the research showed that the model has a good fit. The results showed that successful intelligence had a direct effect on wisdom. In connection with the existence of an indirect effect of successful intelligence on the wisdom of middle managers through self-esteem, it is confirmed with 95% confidence. The results showed that successful intelligence had a direct effect on wisdom. Therefore, paying attention to the mentioned variables helps senior managers and researchers in order to apply the concept of wisdom, it is very important to identify and select middle managers in organizations and design more appropriate training packages and increase knowledge and designing more suitable for cultivating wisdom. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        845 - Promotion Methods of the Holy Jesus (PBUH) in Verse 125 of Nahl sura in the Holy Quran
        Majid Heidarifar Morteza Sazchini Abas Usefi
        This study deals with the religious advertisement methods of the holy Jesus in the holy Quran. In this regard, verses relevant to his position were extracted and then verses about his advertisement methods, according to verse 125 of Nahl sura, on the three axes of wisdo More
        This study deals with the religious advertisement methods of the holy Jesus in the holy Quran. In this regard, verses relevant to his position were extracted and then verses about his advertisement methods, according to verse 125 of Nahl sura, on the three axes of wisdom, good (hasaneh) preaching, and the best (ahsan) controversy, were analyzed. By advertisement, here, we mean crating positive interpretation about divine teachings in the society. In this study, only those verses referring to the holy Jesus' (PBUH) interactive state (a dialog between the Holy Jesus and people) are discussed. In these verses the holy Jesus tries to invite people to accept the divine religion and have faith in the Almighty God.  In this descriptive research, we concluded that the holy Jesus's advertisement methods are based upon wise revelations and inviting people to worship Allah. Such advertisement  is based on reason and rational argument and the acknowledgement of the Torah by Jesus, at the invitation of the people to faith, is an example of the best (ahsan) controversy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        846 - The Identification of the Modal Parameters of Orbital Machines using Dynamic Structural Approach
        Hossein Pirzadeh Alireza Mohammadion Armen Adamian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        847 - Optimal Placement and Scheduling of Switched Capacitor Banks Using Multi-Objective Hybrid Optimization Algorithm under Load Uncertainty Conditions
        Ehsan Akbari
        10.30495/ijsee.2022.1968418.1229
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        848 - Potential of Using Residential Scale Solar Heat in Pakistan: Finding the Best Station
        Mahshid Babaei Mehdi Jahangiri Rashid Riahi Farhad Raeiszadeh Habib Ur Rahman Habib
        10.30495/ijsee.2023.1968186.1228
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        849 - Optimal Placement of Substations Based on Economic and Technical Risk Management
        Amir Navakhah MahmoudReza Haghifam Soudabe Soleymani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        850 - Image Stitching of the Computed Radiology images Using a Pixel-Based Approach
        Mahan Sedehzadeh Farokhi Fardad
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        851 - Predicting the Next State of Traffic by Data Mining Classification Techniques
        S.Mehdi Hashemi Mehrdad Almasi Roozbeh Ebrazi Mohsen Jahanshahi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        852 - The role of important individually factors on improving work ethics
        maryam moghadam asil
        The principles of civilization and development will be held on work and human thought. Therefore, knowing all kinds and features of work cultures could be an important issue. The main question is finding the relation between some variables such as sexuality, health, hap More
        The principles of civilization and development will be held on work and human thought. Therefore, knowing all kinds and features of work cultures could be an important issue. The main question is finding the relation between some variables such as sexuality, health, happiness, freedom, education and creativity with work culture in Iran. Comparison between these variables in five different countries like Iran, china, japan, Malaysia and turkey could be add some positive value to this research. Research methodology on this research was a combination between minor and major issues on work ethics. The result of this investigation is Secondary analysis on global values. Some affecting factors such as the dependent variable linear and logistic regression methods, mean, standard deviation, variance analysis test, test, F, P and coefficient of determination were analyzed. Through all the factors, creativity is the most effective one. Influence of all the independent factors except academic degree could be positive on work ethics. Tests make it clear that work ethics in Iran compares to other four countries is significantly lower and based on the argument mentioned above the most important factors on work ethics would be decreasing the value of social capital and lack of feeling of freedom in either private or social life which could has serious effect on some factors such as happiness, health and creativity on work ethics and production Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        853 - The Universality of Intellectual Property Rights with an overview of Iranian Law
        ayoub milaki Mehdi Hadavand Mohammad Darabi
        Globalization has had its effects on all areas of human life, including various fields of jurisprudence. The globalization of intellectual property rights and their effects in the legal system of many countries can be exempted from this challenge, but in Iran due to the More
        Globalization has had its effects on all areas of human life, including various fields of jurisprudence. The globalization of intellectual property rights and their effects in the legal system of many countries can be exempted from this challenge, but in Iran due to the conflicting views of some jurists by limiting the scientific, literary and artistic fields and somehow monopolizing it to some extent, which presented a serious challenge in accepting this branch of science in the legal system. Recourse to universal methods for applying formal and substantive rules of intellectual property rights and the influence of modern legal systems on global legislative treaties and finally the texts that have forced this branch of law to follow the universal rules of intellectual property rights, is a fact that cannot be ignored. Therefore, the commitments of governments, including Iran, in terms of intellectual property rights are to the result that its tools have been provided for the states for many years with the joint cooperation of specialized institutions of the World Trade Organization. In this article the descriptive-analytic method was adopted, and we tried to clarify the concept of Globalization and its connection to intellectual property was explained, then after analyzing the reasons that advocates and opponents set out; we considered the obstacles in this area. In this regard, the Iranian government must abandon the old interpretations of jurisprudence and deal with a new understanding of the effects of globalization on intellectual property rights as a fact. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        854 - Modeling of Gold coin futures with stochastic differential equations
        Rahele Baqeri mohammadreza setayesh Reza Radfar
        The capital market is one of the financial markets that in a dynamic economy can pave the way for long-term economic growth.Futures contracts that derive their values from an underlying asset, are included these financial instruments.To enter the futures market, the inv More
        The capital market is one of the financial markets that in a dynamic economy can pave the way for long-term economic growth.Futures contracts that derive their values from an underlying asset, are included these financial instruments.To enter the futures market, the investor needs to anticipate future trends to cover his risk. For this purpose, the appropriate random differential equation has been selected to model the prediction of future coin contracts in the present study.Thus, after providing the necessary explanations about the necessity of using random models and as a result of new principles called random accounts, to introduce the most important stochastic differential equation in financial sciences including geometric Brownian, geometric Brownian with jump term, Heston and the explained model are discussed. Then, the appropriate model is selected, with a practical approach and based on the ability of each model to predict the price of futures contracts by assembling the Monte Carlo.The results of the fitness criteria regarding the predictive power indicate the superiority of the model explained in these contracts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        855 - Development of oil projects scheduling model and modification of project portfolio costs by balancing cost, time, quality and environmental impact objectives and solving it with metahistorical algorithms
        Sadegh Feizollahi
        Today, the use of new methods of project management and scheduling is an inevitable matter in oil projects. On the other hand, in classic scheduling case, the focus is on balance between time and cost of carrying out projects, which in such a situation, one of possible More
        Today, the use of new methods of project management and scheduling is an inevitable matter in oil projects. On the other hand, in classic scheduling case, the focus is on balance between time and cost of carrying out projects, which in such a situation, one of possible solutions to shorten time of implementing project is to accelerate activities. In addition to imposing more costs, this acceleration can also affect the quality of performance and environmental effects. Therefore, in this study, the environmental effects and the quality of the activities were also considered as new indicators the cost-time balancing issue of the project. A new mathematical model with four indicators; cost, time, performance quality and environmental effects are provided. Unlike the traditional models in which only one execution mode was considered to perform the activities and one type of prerequisite relationship between the activities, the execution modes of the activities are multi-mode and the dependency relationships between the activities are generalized from the type of prerequisite relationships and including these types of relationships, brings the issue closer to the real world. Because the problem is NP-hard in large dimensions, meta-heuristic algorithms were used to solve the model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        856 - Comparison of the performance of Merton and Heston models in predicting the price of gold coin futures contracts
        Rahele Baqeri mohammadreza setayesh
        Today, investing in gold markets is an important part of any country's economy, so estimating the price of gold is one of the most important topics of study for economists and financial analysts who have developed different approaches and perspectives. Naturally, method More
        Today, investing in gold markets is an important part of any country's economy, so estimating the price of gold is one of the most important topics of study for economists and financial analysts who have developed different approaches and perspectives. Naturally, methods can be durable and suitable for use that have the least investment error and risk. In developing countries such as Iran, due to inflation and uncertainty about the future, the demand for gold to cover the risk of inflation is high.The formation of the Bahar Azadi coin futures contract market in the Commodity Exchange in recent years has also helped to create an organized market to cover risk and also to use arbitrage opportunities in the gold market. The trading statistics of Bahar Azadi coin futures contract have grown significantly since the entry of its first symbol in the trading table of Iran Commodity Exchange, so that it has created an organized market with high trading volume and appropriate liquidity in the field of derivatives trading in the country. In this study, we decided to use two models of stochastic differential equations (Heston and Merton) to predict the price of futures contracts and compare the results. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        857 - Optimal stock selection using bat and random forest algorithm
        hosein rostamkhani behroz khodarahmi azita jahanshad
        The purpose of this study is to optimally select stocks using the bat and random forest algorithm. In this study, based on the analysis of 6 variables: stock price to earnings per share ratio, annual earnings growth rate, annual sales growth rate, return on assets, retu More
        The purpose of this study is to optimally select stocks using the bat and random forest algorithm. In this study, based on the analysis of 6 variables: stock price to earnings per share ratio, annual earnings growth rate, annual sales growth rate, return on assets, return on equity and free float shares extracted from 181 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, It has been used during the period of 1394 to 1398. Six scenarios are considered to estimate the accuracy of the two algorithms, so that for scenarios 1 to 6, the algorithms are asked to participate 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30, respectively. The results show that the nature of the random forest algorithm requires training and selection of features, which makes the algorithm faster and increases the convergence time. One of the main reasons for the higher accuracy of the random forest algorithm in scenarios 1 to 3 could be this. In scenarios 4 to 6, due to the increasing complexity of the problem, the accuracy of the random forest algorithm decreases, but due to the random nature of the bat algorithm, its accuracy does not differ much and it can maintain stability in its selection. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        858 - Applying Random Matrix Theory Approach for Making Portfolio Enable to Beat the Market
        N.S. Safavi Mobarhana Gholamreza Jafari Ali Saeedi
        We applied Random Matrix Theory making a portfolio enables to beat the market. On the basis of previous findings, the largest eigenvalue represents the influence of the entire market that is common to all stocks. We analyzed cross-correlation between returns of differen More
        We applied Random Matrix Theory making a portfolio enables to beat the market. On the basis of previous findings, the largest eigenvalue represents the influence of the entire market that is common to all stocks. We analyzed cross-correlation between returns of different stock market indices (S&p500, DJ USA, DAX Germany, FTSE100 England, HSI Hong Kong for efficient markets and TSE Iran, SSE180 China and MXX Mexico for emerging markets) for 730 trading days from May 2012 to October 2014 by using Random Matrix Theory (RMT). Looking at the largest eigenvalue and components (stocks) of the largest eigenvector (demonstrating market mode or trend) and calculating share of every stock in market trend, we could categorize stocks in terms of their impact on the trend in 3 groups: high, middle and low or no impact on market trend. Then we created 3 portfolio in this respect for Tehran stock market. The results shows the portfolio consisting of high impact stocks can beat the market return. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        859 - Development of Fuzzy Random Optimization Model Mean-Developing a fuzzy random portfolio optimization model Considering Investor's Risk Attitude
        Hosein Didehkhani Ebrahim Abbasi Amir Shiri Ghehi Mohammad Moshari
        The purpose of this paper is to solve the stock selection problem for a portfolio with the least undesirable risk by solving the mathematical programming model in random fuzzy conditions. For considering the vague and uncertain environment of stock price rate of return, More
        The purpose of this paper is to solve the stock selection problem for a portfolio with the least undesirable risk by solving the mathematical programming model in random fuzzy conditions. For considering the vague and uncertain environment of stock price rate of return, a mixed uncertainty procedure was applied. Also MAD was aaplied as the risk measure for optimizing the portfolio model. This research is based on the Mean-Absolute Deviation (MAD) model and assuming that the stock return is a fuzzy random variable, it considers the attitude of investors to risk in the form of risk-averse and risk-seeking investors and an efficient mathematical model for selecting Optimal portfolio are provided. Eventually, with the help of the genetic algorithm, an attempt was made to generate a quest for solving a given model. In the following, the Pareto optimal solutions are obtained according to the desired criteria, the optimal answer is obtained. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        860 - Predicting the Direction of Stock Market Prices Using Random Forest
        elham gholamian sayyed mohammad reza davoodi
        Stock market activists are the acquiring and using methods to predict future stock prices, increasing their capital gains. Therefore, it seems necessary that appropriate, correct, and scientific principles are used to determine the future price of the stock of investor More
        Stock market activists are the acquiring and using methods to predict future stock prices, increasing their capital gains. Therefore, it seems necessary that appropriate, correct, and scientific principles are used to determine the future price of the stock of investor stock options.stock price prediction is an important part of investment, and in most cases it is the field of research for researchers, because it ultimately leads to the choice of appropriate investment. Different methods have now been developed to achieve this goal. Have been introduced that are often statistical methods and artificial intelligence. In this research, using a randomized approach approach that is among artificial intelligence classification methods, along with technical indicators that include: power index Relative Price, Stochastic, Equilibrium Balance, Williams R%, Daily Returns, and Mac.d Series Markets, are looking for stock price trends. This model is compared with logistic regression method and completely randomized method (dice throw). The results of the research on daily data of Tehran Stock Exchange Index from 1393 to 1395 indicate that the accuracy of the proposed method in estimating market trend is 64%, which is more than two methods of logistic regressionand completely randomized method of accuracy Has a higher rate. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        861 - Investigate the Operation of Random forest and Deep neural networks on Statistical Arbitrage Strategy
        alireza Fazlzadeh Jafar Haghigha Faranak Pourkeivan vahid ahmadian
         In this research, the statistical analysis of random forest effects has been done. Also, to evaluate the performance of the random forest algorithm in the field of statistical arbitrage compared to other models presented in the previous research, the comparison of More
         In this research, the statistical analysis of random forest effects has been done. Also, to evaluate the performance of the random forest algorithm in the field of statistical arbitrage compared to other models presented in the previous research, the comparison of the results from the application of this algorithm with deep neural network algorithm has been done. The models are taught with stock price information and the output from this technique categorizes stocks according to the position of buying and selling. Using this strategy, profitable positions are identified in market shares for profit. The results showed that the model of random forest with less error classification than deep neural network model. Using this strategy, profitable positions are identified in market shares for profit. The results showed that the model of random forest with less error classification than deep neural network model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        862 - Application of Gireh on Free Surface Pattern with Recognition of Gireh Projection on Iranian Domes Surface in the Congruence Method
        Aref Azizpour Shoubi َAhad NeJad Ebrahimi
        10.30495/jsps.2023.1976429.1027
        Free surfaces are one of the requirements of contemporary architecture. Owing to the emergence of these surfaces, the configuration of Girehs in Islamic architecture became incompatible with them. The traditional structural principles of Girehs expand two-dimensionally, More
        Free surfaces are one of the requirements of contemporary architecture. Owing to the emergence of these surfaces, the configuration of Girehs in Islamic architecture became incompatible with them. The traditional structural principles of Girehs expand two-dimensionally, whereas free surfaces expand irregularly and three-dimensionally. Gireh-work is considered one of the original and identity-giving decorations in Islamic architecture. To identify and develop contemporary architecture and past architectural achievements, it is necessary to find a strategy for projecting Girehes on free surfaces based on historical authenticity. The Islamic architecture of Iran has had many valuable achievements that can be applied to contemporary architectural challenges. In Iranian Islamic architecture, the dome and Gireh decoration play a crucial role, so the Iranian architect has tried to match these two elements using the geometric features of the dome and Gireh. As part of a qualitative research process, two examples of Iranian domes have been selected and analyzed with a descriptive-analytical approach in order to answer the following question: how Gireh’s geometrical principles on domical surfaces can be applied to contemporary free surfaces? In order to project Gireh onto the dome, a network based on radial gore segments was used as part of the projection technique. Transferring Girehs based on this network causes congruence homogeneity. Topological models of free surfaces are based on NURBS lines, making it possible to discretize and define the points on them. This makes it possible to apply anisotropic congruence transformation to Gireh projections on free surfaces. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        863 - Presenting the developed model of Benish model with emphasis on the special characteristics of the company using neural network, vector machine and random forest
        Kiumars Pourgadimi Saeed jabbarzadeh Kangarloui Jamal Bahri Sales
        10.30495/jdaa.2023.698893
        AbstractAs the business process becomes more complex, the risk of financial statements being distorted increases with each passing day. In this regard, researchers have been looking for models to detect fraud in financial statements. Benish (1997) used a combination of More
        AbstractAs the business process becomes more complex, the risk of financial statements being distorted increases with each passing day. In this regard, researchers have been looking for models to detect fraud in financial statements. Benish (1997) used a combination of financial ratios and accruals to predict profit manipulation methods. since auditors are presented as external oversight in the corporate governance structure of the company's performance, in this study the model is developed based on the qualitative characteristics of the auditor, which include the auditor's size, auditor tenure, reporting delay, Auditor Class and Auditor Change.The fitting of the stochastic vector machine, random forest and neural network has been used to fit the extended model. The results show that the coefficients obtained from the random forest model are 99% and more than the two neural network and vector model 94%. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        864 - Analytical-Approximate Solution for Nonlinear Volterra Integro-Differential Equations
        M. Matinfar A. Riahifar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        865 - Random fixed point theorems with an application to a random nonlinear integral equation
        R. A. Rashwan H. A. Hammad
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        866 - A new Approximation to the solution of the linear matrix equation AXB = C
        A. Sadeghi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        867 - Numerical solution of a system of fuzzy polynomial equations by modified Adomian decomposition method
        M. Mosleh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        868 - A solution of nonlinear fractional random differential equation via random fixed point technique
        R. A. Rashwan H. A. Hammad
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        869 - Domination parameters of Cayley graphs of some groups
        F. Ramezani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        870 - Domination number of complements of functigraphs
        A. Shaminejad E. Vatandoost
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        871 - Hybrid linesearch algorithm for pseudomonotone equilibrium problem and fixed points of Bregman quasi asymptotically nonexpansive multivalued mappings
        M. H. Harbau B. Ali
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        872 - Topology and extensions of Mendelian inheritance
        H. Mirabdollahi B. Davvaz
        10.30495/jlta.2024.2002641.1601
        In this paper, we seek to provide an appropriate topology for a set of alleles of a gene that have arbitrary interactions between its alleles. For this purpose, we first define a suitable topology on a set of alleles between which there is a similar interaction. Next, w More
        In this paper, we seek to provide an appropriate topology for a set of alleles of a gene that have arbitrary interactions between its alleles. For this purpose, we first define a suitable topology on a set of alleles between which there is a similar interaction. Next, with the help of the topology on the set of alleles of a gene, we equip the set of phenotypes of the desired gene with a suitable topology. In addition, the final section will discuss the dependence relations between the alleles of a gene.‎ Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        873 - Numerical solution of Fredholm integral-differential equations on unbounded domain
        M. Matinfar A. Riahifar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        874 - Numerical solution of second-order stochastic differential equations with Gaussian random parameters
        R. Farnoosh H. Rezazadeh A. Sobhani D. Ebrahimibagha
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        875 - A Simple and Efficient Method for Solving Multi-Objective Programming Problems and Multi-Objective Optimal Controls
        Hajar Alimorad
        10.30495/ijm2c.2022.1933759.1218
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        876 - Solving Differential Equations by Using a Combination of the First Kind Chebyshev Polynomials and Adomian Decomposition Method
        hasan barzegar kelishami
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        877 - Partial pseudo-triangular entropy of uncertain random variables with application to portfolio risk management
        Seyyed Hamed Abtahi
        10.30495/ijm2c.2023.1976544.1264
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        878 - NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF BOUSSINESQ EQUATION USING MODIFIED ADOMIAN DECOMPOSITION AND HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHODS
        Sh. Sadigh Behzadi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        879 - ON THE ALMOSTLY SURE CONVERGENCE OF THE SEQUENCE D_P,Q
        Hamid Reza Moradi Einolah Deiri
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        880 - A MODIFIED METHOD TO DETERMINE A WELL-DISPERSED SUBSET OF NON-DOMINATED VECTORS OF AN MOMILP PROBLEM
        Ghasem Tohidi Shabnam Razavyan
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        881 - HAAR WAVELET AND ADOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD FOR THIRD ORDER PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ARISING IN IMPULSIVE MOTION OF A AT PLATE
        I. Singh S. Kumar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        882 - APPLICATION OF THE RANDOM MATRIX THEORY ON THE CROSS-CORRELATION OF STOCK ‎PRICES
        F. Sotoude Vanoliya A. Pourdarvish Heydari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        883 - ADOMIAN DECOMPOSITION METHOD AND PADÉ APPROXIMATION TO DETERMINE FIN EFFICIENCY OF CONVECTIVE SOLAR AIR COLLECTOR IN STRAIGHT FINS
        Tabet Ismail M. Kezzar K. Touafe N. Bellel S. Gherieb A. Khelifa M. Adouane
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        884 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on the Wisdom and Academic Persistence of Female Students of Amol Farhangian University
        Khadijeh Mousavi Shaban Heydari , Seyedeh Olya Emadian
        The present research was conducted with the aim of examining the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the wisdom and academic persistence of female students of Amol Farhangian University. The research was aplied and semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and a c More
        The present research was conducted with the aim of examining the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the wisdom and academic persistence of female students of Amol Farhangian University. The research was aplied and semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and a control and an experimental group. From among the statistical population of the study, a sample of 30 female students was selected through g power software in the academic year of 2021-2022. To collect the data, the five-factor mindfulness questionnaire of Baer et al. (2006) was used. Also, Ardelt's three-dimensional wisdom questionnaire was used to measure respondents’ wisdom. Additionally, Martin and Marsh's academic persistence questionnaire was utilized to measure academic persistence. Subjects of both groups completed questionnaires in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. After the pre-test was conducted, the experimental group was subjected to the educational intervention of mindfulness skills, while no such training was given to the control group. Descriptive and inferential statistics were run for data analysis via SPSS. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups that indicates the effectiveness of the training program. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        885 - Exploring the Causal Factors Affecting for Promoting Pedagogical Wisdom in Islamic Azad University
        Farshid Khanjanian Nadergholi Ghourchian , Kamran Mohammadkhani Parivash Jafari
        The current study aimed to identify underlying and intervening factors influencing the promotion of pedagogical wisdom in Iran's higher education system. The study analyzed data and evaluated underlying and intervening factors in promoting pedagogical wisdom in the high More
        The current study aimed to identify underlying and intervening factors influencing the promotion of pedagogical wisdom in Iran's higher education system. The study analyzed data and evaluated underlying and intervening factors in promoting pedagogical wisdom in the higher education system of Iran by using MAXQDA software and through employing a qualitative approach and relying on the Strauss and Corbin (2007) data theory strategy and using the open, axial, and selective coding style. The data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 16 experts and managers with relevant experience in the higher education system. This study employed theoretical and snowball purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. According to principles of grounded theory, the research identified local (structure of the higher education system, academic culture, adaptive university, intelligent academic leadership, and pedagogical knowledge) and intervening (personality traits, conflicting goals, cognitive complexity in university, academic inertia, knowledge sharing behavior in higher education and required competencies) factors in promoting pedagogical wisdom in Iran's higher education system. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        886 - Response of morphophysiological of maize to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Zinc fertilizer and irrigation interval
        Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi
        In order to study of water deficit stress and application of Zinc fertilizer and two strains of rhizobacteria including Pseudomonas putida (Sp) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) on morphophysiological traits and seed yield of maize, a expriment was carried out as a split More
        In order to study of water deficit stress and application of Zinc fertilizer and two strains of rhizobacteria including Pseudomonas putida (Sp) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) on morphophysiological traits and seed yield of maize, a expriment was carried out as a split plot-factorial design based on randomized compelate block with three replications at Mahvalat Razavi Khorasan provience, Iran in 2012.Irrigation intervals of 6, 9 and 12 days were as main plots and rhizobacteria (non inoculation, Sp and Sf) and Zinc fertilizer (0 and 50 kg Zinc sulphate ha-1) were as sub plots. Plant height, stem diameter, ear diameter and length, leaf rolling index, relative water content and seed yield were evaluated in this expriment. The results indicated that water deficit stress decreased significantly all mentioned above traits. Also PGPR inoculation increased all traits with except to leaf rolling index. Zinc sulphate application significantly increased plant height, ear length and seed yield. As irrigation interval increased from 6 to 12 days, leaf rolling index increased 3.2 times and seed yield decreased 57.3%, but zinc sulphate and Pseudomonas bacteria application significantly decreased leaf rolling index and significantly increased seed yield. Seed yield significantly affected by double interaction. In conclusion zinc sulphate application and seed inoculation by Pseudomonas can be recommended for maize cultivation, espically in semi-arid and arid conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        887 - Study the Impact of Various Levels of Phosphate Fertilizer and Plant Gtowth Promoting Bacteria on Availability of Some of Nutrients and Wheat Yield Indices
        Roya Babaei Mohammad Mirzaei-Heydari Masoud Bazgir
        In order to study the effect of plant growth promoting bacteria and phosphate fertilizers levels on nutrient availability and yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design in three replications in a fielf located in More
        In order to study the effect of plant growth promoting bacteria and phosphate fertilizers levels on nutrient availability and yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on completely randomized block design in three replications in a fielf located in Eyvan town, Ilam province. Studied factors include five levels of phosphorous fertilizer (control, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha phosphate fertilizer) and seed inoculation with bacteria at four levels (no-inoculation (Control), inoculation with Azotobacter, inoculation with Pseudomonas, and inoculation with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas. Results showed that 100 kg P/ha along with seed inoculation with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas showed greatest effect on increase in growth and yield and yield components of autumn wheat. Wheat grain nitrogen content significantly increased by inoculation with Azotobacter and therefore protein content of grain and consequently grain quality increased as well. Seed inoculation with plant growth promoting bacteria at 4th phosphate fertilizer level resulted to increase in grain N and P by 43.5 and 62.7 percent, respectively. Results showed that all fertilizer treatments increased wheat yield compared to control which of them 100 kg/ha P treatment along with inoculation with Azotobacter and Pseudomonas resulted in highest impact on studied growth parameters. Though by increasing P phosphorus level, studied traits increased as well, but the effect was more when applied with biological fertilizers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        888 - Effect of Separate and combined application of phosphorus and biofertilizer, phosphor barvar2, on vegetative characteristics, grain yield and essential oil content of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)
        Farzin Abdolahi Somayeh Rastegar Saber Arzani
        In order to study the effect of separate and combined application of phosphorus and biofertilizer, phosphate barvar2 on vegetative growth, grain yield and essential oil content of coriander, the factorial experiment was conducted as complete random block design with thr More
        In order to study the effect of separate and combined application of phosphorus and biofertilizer, phosphate barvar2 on vegetative growth, grain yield and essential oil content of coriander, the factorial experiment was conducted as complete random block design with three replications in research field of Giroft Azad University. The experimental factors were included three phosphorus levels (0, 75 and 150 kg triple superphosphate ha-1) and three biofertilizer, phosphate barvar2 levels (0, 100 and 200 g ha-1). Phosphate barvar2 biofertilizer improved coriander vegetative characteristics significantly. Maximum means of growth characteristics were obtained when 150 kg triple superphosphate ha-1 combined with 200 or 100 g phosphate barvar2 ha-1. With the exception of final biomass and stem diameter, in other vegetative traits no significant differences were observed between 75 kg triple superphosphate ha-1 + 200 g phosphate barvar2 and 150 kg triple superphosphate ha-1 + 100 or 200 g phosphate barvar2. Phosphate barvar2 biofertilizer, increased grain yield and yield components and essential oil content significantly when compared with control. Maximum means of these traits were obtained when 200 g phosphate barvar2 ha-1 was applied. Combined applications of phosphorus and phosphate barvar2 biofertilizer increased grain yield and yield components and essential oil content significantly when compared with their separate applications. The results of this study showed that use of phosphate barvar2 biofertilizer plays a significant role in increasing the quantative and qualitative yields of coriander and it can be used as an alternative for phosphorus fertilizer in sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        889 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on some traits of marjoram medicinal plant(Origanum majorana L.) under salinity stress
        M. Yosefirad A. Masoumi M. Asghari
        In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria )PSB( on marjoram plant under salt stress condition, a greenhouse examination was done as factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replication in 2013 in Q More
        In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizing bacteria )PSB( on marjoram plant under salt stress condition, a greenhouse examination was done as factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replication in 2013 in Qom salafchegan region. The first factor, salinity levels including control, 100 and 150 mM NaCl salt , the second factor in two level of non use and use of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae strains) and the third factor in two level of non use and the use of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens strain) was. Results of variance analysis showed that the main effects of salinity, mycorrhiza and PSB was significant on studied traits (P<0.01). As well as interaction of mycorrhiza and salinity on the flowers number per plant, number of branches, plant dry weight and oil percentage, interaction mycorrhiza with PSB on plant height, number of flowers per plant, number of leaves per plant, number of branches and dry plant and triple interaction of treatments on the number of leaves per plant was significant (P<0.05). According to the examination results, the studied traits decreased with increasing salinity so that 150 mM salt had the most negative effects on the plant. It was also observed mycorrhiza and PSB in favorable conditions and salinity stress improved studied traits. The results showed that the combined application of mycorrhiza and PSB had better outcome in different levels of salinity stress. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        890 - Investigation on the effect of seed priming with rhizobium bioinoculant and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on chlorophyll, nutrients and grain yield in lentil under rainfed condition
        Alireza Seyyed-Moradi Afshin Mozaffari
        To study the effect of seed priming with rhizobium bioinoculant and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on chlorophyll, nutrients and grain yield in lentil rainfed, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates More
        To study the effect of seed priming with rhizobium bioinoculant and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on chlorophyll, nutrients and grain yield in lentil rainfed, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates in Karazan districts of Sirvan located in Ilam province during 2016-2017. Experimental treatments include the application of PGPR consists of five levels: inoculation seed with Azotobacter, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas individually, inoculation of seeds with mixed PGPR (Azotobacter + Azospirillum + Pseudomonas) and non-using of PGPR, and rhizobium bacteria factor at two levels: seed inoculation with rhizobium and non-use of Rhizobium. Simple and interaction effects of Rhizobium bacteria and PGPR bacteria application on all studied traits (except for interaction effect of experimental factors on grain yield and chlorophyll b content) showed highly significant (P <0.01). In general, the results of the experiment showed that the use of Rhizobium bacteria with PGPR bacteria, in particular, combined consumption treatment (Azotobacter + Azospirillum + pseudomonas), increased the grain yield, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and chlorophyll a, b and a+b contents of leaf compared to Non-use rhizobium and PGPR bacteria. With regard to synergistic effects of Rhizobium and PGPR bacteria in improving the growth and grain yield of lentil plant, it is recommended to use the combination of Rhizobium and PGPR bacteria in the inoculum formulation used under arid and dry land areas. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        891 - The Inheritance of Some Quantitative Traits in the Chickpea through the Generation Mean Analysis
        Parviz Ghasemi ezzat karami reza talebi
        In order to study the type of action of genes and inheritance of traits in chickpea, the generation mean analysis was accomplished using the cross of six cultivars of chickpea called Pirouz, Bivanich, Flip51-87c, Iccv2, Kaka, and Azad. Parent seeds along with seeds of F More
        In order to study the type of action of genes and inheritance of traits in chickpea, the generation mean analysis was accomplished using the cross of six cultivars of chickpea called Pirouz, Bivanich, Flip51-87c, Iccv2, Kaka, and Azad. Parent seeds along with seeds of F1, F2, BC1, and BC2 were cultivated in a randomized complete block design with three replications, and eight traits including plant height, number of seeds per plant, number of pods per plant, number of hollow pods per plant, number of double-grain pods per plant, 100-seed weight, number of days to 50% flowering, and grain yield were evaluated. The variance analysis results indicated that the mean squares of generations were significant for all the traits, so the generation mean analysis for the studied traits was performed. Based on the results of generation mean analysis for all the studied traits besides the additive and dominant effects, epistatic effects were also fitted which indicates the complexity of the inheritance of these traits. The results also showed that the plant height was controlled by incremental and dominating effects. It was also determined that the dominant genetic effect has the most significant role in the inheritance of most of the studied traits.Key Word: Chickpea, epistasis, Gene action, effects additive, dominance Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        892 - Effect of plant growth promotiong rhizobacteria on growth and yield of Seed tubers of Potato Cultivars Mini-tubers
        mehdi panahyankivi yaghob raei null null Saeid Hokm Alipour
        In order to investigate the effect of plant growth promotiong rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield and yield components of seed tubers of cultivation mini-tubers Potato, a Factorial experiment was caried out by based on complete randomized design at agriculurtal and natural re More
        In order to investigate the effect of plant growth promotiong rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield and yield components of seed tubers of cultivation mini-tubers Potato, a Factorial experiment was caried out by based on complete randomized design at agriculurtal and natural resources research staition of Ardabil in 2016. The First factor included mini-tubers of three cultivars of potato: Agria, Khavaran, and Marfona:,The second factor included four treatments of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Azospirillum, Seudomonas and combination of two bacteria). Results showed that interaction of experimental factors was significant for all traits except biological yield and tuber diameter. Maximum of tuber yiled was observed in interaction effect of application of tow bacteria × cultivars. That did not have significant difference with cultivars of Agria and Khavaran. Maximum of number and weight of tuber were observed at Marfona×two bacteria. Maximum of tuber diameter was observed at Marfona. Maximum of plant height and number of main branch were observed at Agria, Khavaran and Azospirillum× Seudomonas bacteria. Maximium of biological yield was observed at combination of two bacteria. Minimum of this trait was observed in treatment without insemination. Maximum numbers of days to emergencation, number of days to stolon, formation, number of days to tuberization were obtined in Marfona and condition of application Azospirillum. Minimum of those traits were observed in Khavaran and condition whithout insemination. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        893 - Effects of putrescine and bio fertilizers on yield and grain filling components of wheat ‎‎(Triticum aestivum L.) under salinity condition‎
        alireza Mohseni Mohammadjanlou RAOUF SEYED SHARIFI Saeid Alipour
        In order to study the effects of putrescine and bio fertilizers on grain filling ‎components of wheat under salinity condition, a factorial ‎experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three ‎replications in research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and More
        In order to study the effects of putrescine and bio fertilizers on grain filling ‎components of wheat under salinity condition, a factorial ‎experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three ‎replications in research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, ‎University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018. Experimental factors were included salinity ‎in four levels [no-salinity as control, salinity 40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl], application of ‎bio fertilizers at four levels [no bio fertilizer, application of both Psedomunas and ‎Flavobacterim, mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and ‎Flavobacterim, mycorrhiza application] and putrescine foliar application ‎‎(foliar application with water as control, foliar application of 0.5 and 1 mM putrescine. ‎Results showed that application of both mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and ‎Flavobacterim and foliar application of 1 mM putrescine increased chlorophyll index ‎‎, yield and yield components under salinity conditions. Maximum of grain filling rate (0.00217 g.day), grain filling period and effective grain ‎filling period (24.1 and 35.57 days respectively), root volume and weight (0.71 g per ‎plant and 1.317 cm3 per plant) were obtained in application of mycorrhiza with ‎Pseudomonas and Flowobacterium under no salinity condition and the minimum of ‎values were obtained in the highest salinity level, no application of bio fertilizers and ‎foliar application of putrescine. Application of mycorrhiza with Pseudomonas and ‎Flavobacterium and foliar application of 1 mM putrescine at the highest salinity level ‎increased grain yield by 28.57% compared to no application of bio fertilizers and no ‎foliar application at the same salinity level. ‎ Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        894 - تعیین میزان غذا و هماوری مایسید( Indomysis nybini )موجود در استخرهای پرورش میگوی بندرکلاهی استان هرمزگان
        معصومه الماسی امیر هوشنگ بحری میر مسعود سجادی
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        895 - Genetic Analysis of Early Growth Characteristics in a Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Population Raised under Greenhouse Conditions for use in Breeding Program
        Hossein Dashti Asghar Rahimi Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Shirin Davoodian Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani
        10.22034/jon.2021.1884659.1074
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        896 - Investigating the impact of GDP on income distribution in selected Islamic countries
        reza rahimi AliAkbar Baghestany
        Distribution of income and wealth is one of the problems and issues that exist in developing countries. This research aims to identify the factors affecting income distribution in the group of Islamic countries of Iran, Malaysia, Egypt, Algeria and Turkey during the per More
        Distribution of income and wealth is one of the problems and issues that exist in developing countries. This research aims to identify the factors affecting income distribution in the group of Islamic countries of Iran, Malaysia, Egypt, Algeria and Turkey during the period of 2004-2017 using panel data method. The results of Limer's F test showed that it is a panel model at a probability level of less than 0.05.In this regard, the results of the Hausman test indicate the randomness of cross-sectional effects. The estimation results of the model indicate that the logarithm of the GDP with a coefficient of 0.14, the logarithm of the price index with a coefficient of 0.07 and the logarithm of the population with a coefficient of 0.43 have a positive and significant effect on the Gini coefficient.The positive relationship between GDP and the Gini coefficient indicates the necessity of income redistribution mechanism. Considering the positive effect of inflation on the Gini coefficient, it is better to apply appropriate monetary policies to reduce inflation in the countries under review. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        897 - Analyzing the Role of Central Bank Monetary Policies in National Economy
        Y. Dadgar R. Nazari
        Different countries apply two means including financial policy that is accessible for government and monetary policies that are at disposal of the Central Bank to regulate the economy and its balance. The Central Bank is designer of the monetary policies in each country More
        Different countries apply two means including financial policy that is accessible for government and monetary policies that are at disposal of the Central Bank to regulate the economy and its balance. The Central Bank is designer of the monetary policies in each country; of course, its successful performance is related to the consistent implementation with the financial policies of government. Assuming the existence of enough independence of the Central Bank, the monetary policies play a very impressive role on improving the national economy and achieving the economic development in today's world. This is why adherents of the monetary policies (monetarists) are considered among the most prominent scholars of the economy. On the other hand, monetary policies are under special attention of policy-makers due to short-term internal interruption as well. The approval of monetary policies does not require to a lot bureaucracy and thus is interested and accepted by economic policy-makers, but it is sometimes unexpected and unintended in addition to its impact on economic variables. To apply a successful monetary policy, it is necessary that the monetary authorities properly evaluate the time and the effect of these policies on economic variables. Turbulence of monetary and currency system has become a great problem for Iran’s economy in the past decade. High liquidity and its disproportion to monetary and production needs of the country, as well as its composition changes, inflation, and lack of control over the currency market reduce the efficiency of the Central Bank, and it is necessary that the independence of Central Bank to be seriously considered. Thus in this research, the variables of gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, liquidity, oil prices, and government expenditures have been used within an economic model by using the VECM method and quarterly data for the period from 2000:2 to 2012:1. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of monetary policies (taking into consideration the conditions of oil economy) on Iran's gross domestic product (GDP) and analyze the Central Bank policies in the last decade particularly period from 2000:2 to 2012:1. In this article, the process of gross domestic product (GDP) has been considered as representative of the national economy. The results show that monetary policy despite the different fluctuations has no a significant effect on national production in comparison to financial policy Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        898 - The Study of the relationship between Exchange Rates and the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) Growth: An Empirical Analysis Based On Panel Data in Selected Countries
        Mohammad Reza Shahab
        Productivity is one the important concepts and fundamental necessity for the economic growth and development of all countries of the world. Hence, the study and identification of variables and factors influencing it, is essential especially for appropriate policymaking. More
        Productivity is one the important concepts and fundamental necessity for the economic growth and development of all countries of the world. Hence, the study and identification of variables and factors influencing it, is essential especially for appropriate policymaking. The main objective of this study can be served as an investigation of the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on the TFP growth and to achieve this, the third class of endogenous growth theories have been considered in order to design hypotheses and model.To test hypotheses, the panel data methodology is employed for the period of 2000 to 2009 and the specified model is estimated for 7 selected countries of APO members including I.R Of Iran in deferent approaches and in order to determine the presence and type of effects, the Leamer and Hauseman tests are carried out.The results of estimations confirm our two hypotheses and statistically indicate that the significant relation between exchange rate fluctuations and TFP growth cannot be rejected so that the TFP growth will decline if the exchange rate increases and vice versa. Furthermore, the study has several consequences which are concerned with the effects of other variables on the TFP growth, such as the degree of openness to foreign trade and inflationary circumstances. Policy recommendations have been discussed in the terminal sector of paper.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        899 - The Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Domestic Private Investment in Iran (In Two Sectors of Building and Machinery)
        Roohollah Babaki Mahnaz Efati
        The effects of foreign direct investment in host countries are one of the topics discussed in economics. By studying of the impacts of foreign direct investment on economic development, a key question is that attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) has a positive eff More
        The effects of foreign direct investment in host countries are one of the topics discussed in economics. By studying of the impacts of foreign direct investment on economic development, a key question is that attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) has a positive effect on domestic investment or not; in other words, have they complementary or substitute effects. Therefore, in this paper, the impact of foreign direct investment on domestic private investment has been investigated in two sectors of building and machinery in Iran by using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method between 1970 and 2020. The results of this study show that the foreign direct investment has a positive and significant effect on private investment in both sectors of building and machinery. So, foreign direct investment could be a complement commodity for domestic private investment in Iran Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        900 - The Effects of Oil Price Shocks on Economic Growth In Iran and Japan Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL)
        S. Bahmanyar M. H. Fotros
        This paper aimed to analyze the impact of oil price shocks, both negative and positive, on economic growth in Iran and Japan using an autoregressive distributed lag model. In doing so, a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity GARCH(1,1) model has been More
        This paper aimed to analyze the impact of oil price shocks, both negative and positive, on economic growth in Iran and Japan using an autoregressive distributed lag model. In doing so, a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity GARCH(1,1) model has been fitted to real oil price during 1980 Q1-2006 Q4. After capturing conditional variable and analysis of the existence ARCH effect on this variable, oil price shocks are then computed. Four single models are used to estimate the impact of oil price shocks on gross domestic product growth. According to the results, since the existing coefficients are not statistically significant, it can not be clearly decided whether the relation between these two variables in Iran’s economy is symmetric or asymmetric . In Japan, the estimated coefficients prove the existence of an asymmetric relation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        901 - Effects of FDI and Institution Quality on Domestic Investment in Iran Outlook Document Countries
        Karam Jafari parviz khanloo
        According to importance of foreign direct investment effects on domestic investment financing, growth and development, countries attempt to attract foreign direct investment by creation of infrastructures. But literature indicates that foreign direct investment can affe More
        According to importance of foreign direct investment effects on domestic investment financing, growth and development, countries attempt to attract foreign direct investment by creation of infrastructures. But literature indicates that foreign direct investment can affect domestic investment negatively. However, a key question is whether foreign direct investment crowd in or out domestic investment, and how foreign direct investment affects domestic investment in good governance and political freedom situation? So that, the aim of this paper is to research effects of foreign direct investment and good governance and political freedom on domestic investment in IRAN outlook documents countries by GMM model in 1996-2016 periods. Detected results indicate that foreign direct investment has crowding out effects on domestic investment in model without good governance and political freedom and model with political freedom index. In the model with good governance index foreign direct investment has neutral effect on domestic investment in IRAN outlook documents countries.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        902 - لیپومای نکروتیک داخل شکمی در یک سگ تریر
        فرشاد باغبان مازیار منشئی محمد حسین سلجوقیان محمد صادق اشتری
        10.30495/jbcvm.2023.1986418.1042
        یک سگ تریر ماده عقیم نشده ده ساله به وزن 13 کیلوگرم، بعلت اتساع مزمن شکم, عدم کنترل ادرار و تکرر ادرار مشکوک به عفونت مثانه مراجعه نمود. معاینه فیزیکی یک فشار شکمی همراه با درد در ملامسه را نشان داد. سایر نشانه های بالینی در ررابطه با اندام های حیاتی در محدوده طبیعی بود More
        یک سگ تریر ماده عقیم نشده ده ساله به وزن 13 کیلوگرم، بعلت اتساع مزمن شکم, عدم کنترل ادرار و تکرر ادرار مشکوک به عفونت مثانه مراجعه نمود. معاینه فیزیکی یک فشار شکمی همراه با درد در ملامسه را نشان داد. سایر نشانه های بالینی در ررابطه با اندام های حیاتی در محدوده طبیعی بودند. آزمایشات هماتولوزی، بیوشیمیایی و آنالیز ادرار برای ان انجام شد. بررسی هماتولوژی افزایش در گلبول های سفید خون (/L109*6/27) به علت نوتروفیلی را نشان داد. سایر پارامترهای هماتولوژی در محدوده طبیعی بودند. پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی ازجمله آلبومین، پروتئین تام، کراتینین، گلوبین، آلانین ترانسفراز (ALT)، و آسپارتات آمینوترانسفراز (AST)، و اسید اوریک در محدوده نرمال بودند بجز آلکالین فسفاتاز (ALP) (IU/L 160)که از محدوده طبیعی بالاتر بود. رادیوگرافی و سونوگرافی، یک توده شکمی به اندازه (56*74*100 میلیمتر) نزدیک کولون نزولی را آشکار نمود. رادیولوژی شکمی - پشتی شکم، یک توده بافت نرم بیضی شکل با نواحی معدنی شده در خلف شکم نشان داد که کلون نزولی را به یک طرف جابجا کرده بود. لاپاراتومی اکتشافی برای خارج سازی توده چربی انجام گردید. هیستوپاتولوژی یک لیپومای نکروتیک کلسیفیه تا حدودی کیستیک را نشان داد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        903 - Assessment of effect of raw wastewater application on concentration heavy metals in olive tree (Olea europaea)
        Khosro Esteki Oregani Ebrahim Pazira Payam Najafi Abdol amir Moezi
        Use of municipal or domestic raw wastewater in order to irrigation is very important in arid and semi-arid regions. Application of municipal effluent, which was one of the pollution sources, as micro and macro elements has been used for a long time. The most factors for More
        Use of municipal or domestic raw wastewater in order to irrigation is very important in arid and semi-arid regions. Application of municipal effluent, which was one of the pollution sources, as micro and macro elements has been used for a long time. The most factors for making difficulties in irrigation of soil with municipal effluent is the presence of heavy metals like Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in municipal effluent and transformation of this pollution in food chain and threaten of healthy. The aim of the present study was to determine effect of irrigation with raw domestic wastewater effluent on concentration of young Olive plant (Olea europaea) and accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) in roots, and leaves of Olea europaea. In order to study the soil – plant complex effects as the transformation of these pollutants and  nutrients in soil as a result of irrigation with raw domestic wastewater, a series of lysimeter(120 cm height and 70 cm diameter) studies were carried out in Khoramabad region during 2008- 2009). The experiment was carried out factorial based on CRBD with three factors and six replications. Factors were considered as three irrigation treatment including drip irrigation with raw domestic wastewater (DI), subsurface drip irrigation with raw domestic wastewater (at depth of 15 cm, SDI15), subsurface drip irrigation with raw domestic wastewater (at depth of 30 cm, SDI30). The results indicate that treatment application significantly increased concentrations of   heavy metals. Maximum shoot concentrations of Fe, Cu, Ni and Pb were achieved by treatment SDI30.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        904 - Effects of different plant density on yield and yield components of sunflower oil in the region of Bam Roudab
        E. Mehrabi Gohari R. Taghizade Mehrjardi
              To study the effects of plant density and yield components of sunflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted in the city of Bam Rudab. The experiments using split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications was co More
              To study the effects of plant density and yield components of sunflower cultivars, an experiment was conducted in the city of Bam Rudab. The experiments using split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted where the density at three levels (30 = D3 and 20 = D2 or 10 = D1) as the main factor and Figures V1, V2, V3, V4, were examined as secondary factors. The results show that the compression performance of different varieties and plant height, seed weight, number of seeds per head, head diameter, yield per plant, yield per unit area, number of leaves per plant and leg diameter there is a significant difference so that the maximum performance of the D1 density of 709/3 and the variety V1 (Azargol) of 843/3 per acre and the lowest density of D3 443/3 and the number V4 (Mehr) of 162 / 3 tons per hectare allocated and the total density and cultivar effects on yield and some yield components were summed so that there is a significant difference between the characteristics and performance of the combined treatment, D2 V1 and D1 V2 are the majority with no statistical differences and the lowest yield of the treatment combination of D3 V4 04/3 tons per hectare is devoted to the treatment combination of a statistical analysis are D3V4. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        905 - Effect of Zinc Sulfate and Salicylic Acid on Biological Degradation of Phenanthrene in the Cd Polluted Soil under Sorghum Cultivation Inoculated with Pseudomonas Putida
        Amir Hossein Baghaie Aminollah Aghilizefreei
        10.22034/jchr.2020.1881868.1059
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        906 - The Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Blood Markers in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia)
        Mehran Arabi Hamid-Reza Naseri
        10.22034/jchr.2021.1937480.1379
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        907 - Immunomodulatory Effect of Propolis on IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-23 Production in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Treated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ag
        Farah Alaa Alwaeely Mohammad Abd kadhum Alsaadi Kaiser N. Madlum
        10.22034/jchr.2021.685425
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        908 - Presenting the developed model of benish model with emphasis on audit quality fea-tures using neural network, vector machine and random forest
        Kiumars Pourgadimi Jamal Bahri Sales Saeed Jabbarzadeh Kangarluei Akbar Zavar Rezaee
        10.30495/afi.2022.1949904.1098
        Purpose: As the business process becomes more complex, the risk of financial statements being distorted increases with each passing day. In this regard, researchers have been looking for models to detect fraud in financial statements. The purpose of this research is to More
        Purpose: As the business process becomes more complex, the risk of financial statements being distorted increases with each passing day. In this regard, researchers have been looking for models to detect fraud in financial statements. The purpose of this research is to present an expanded model based on the quality characteristics of the auditor.Methodology: Benish (1997) used a combination of financial ratios and accruals to predict profit manipulation methods. Since auditors are presented as external oversight in the corporate governance structure of the company's performance, in this study the model is developed based on the qualitative char-acteristics of the auditor, which include the auditor's size, auditor tenure, reporting delay, Auditor Class and Auditor Change. The fitting of the vector machine, random forest and neural network has been used to fit the ex-tended model.Findings: The results show that the coefficients obtained from the random forest model are 98.4% and more than the two neural network and vector model 93%. Also, the extended model is more accurate than the base model. Audit characteristics are influential in predicting fraud in financial statements and should be considered by capital market participants.Originality / Value: Research findings can be effective in improving the prediction of fraud in financial statements and also draw users' attention to the combination of financial statement information and the characteristics of the auditor's report in fraud prediction. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        909 - Ability of Machine Learning Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks in Predicting Accounting Profit Information Content Before Announcing
        Hossein Alizadeh Majid Zanjirdar Gholam Ali Haji
        10.30495/afi.2023.1962857.1137
        Purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate the capability of artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine and Random Forest, in predicting the information content of accounting profits before its announcement in a More
        Purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate the capability of artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine and Random Forest, in predicting the information content of accounting profits before its announcement in accepted companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2015 to 2020.Methodology: Daily data required for the research were collected using Rahnaward-e-Novin software, and a systematic random sampling method was used to select 88 companies. MATLAB was used for modeling artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms, and Python code was employed to calculate abnormal returns in neural networks and machine learning algorithms. The information content of profits was measured through the test of the relationship between profits and abnormal returns, based on the model by Porti et al. (2018). The input variables for artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms are technical indicators. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score metrics were used for performance evaluation.Findings: The results of predicting with three models of artificial neural networks, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest showed that Support Vector Machine and Random Forest had higher accuracy than artificial neural networks in predicting buy, sell, and hold strategies, and only Support Vector Machine had the ability to predict the information content of profits among the three models.Originality / Value: Designing a predictive model for stock price movements in the next trading day using artificial neural networks, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest as the main innovation of the research. The research findings can increase the speed of information dissemination to the market and attract it, which will reduce the impact of informational asymmetry and information-based trading and ultimately enhance market efficiency. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        910 - Designing a wisdom model in promoting crowd decision-making in the capital market
        Azizollah Askarzadeh Allah Karam Salehi saber Molla-Alizadeh-Zavardehi Reza Tehrani
        10.30495/afi.2024.1985075.1220
        Objective: This research was presented with the aim of designing a model of wisdom in promoting crowd decision-making in the capital market.Method: In terms of exploratory purpose and in terms of results, this research is part of developmental research and in terms of d More
        Objective: This research was presented with the aim of designing a model of wisdom in promoting crowd decision-making in the capital market.Method: In terms of exploratory purpose and in terms of results, this research is part of developmental research and in terms of data type it is part of mixed research. In the qualitative part, it has attempted to provide a wise model in order to promote crowd decision-making in the capital market using the theoretical analysis approach of the database, through interviews with 22 experts in the field of industrial and financial management, including university managers and professors. Then, in the quantitative part, with the participation of 80 professors, doctoral students, managers of different levels of the top 50 capital market companies, the qualitative model designed using structural equation modeling was evaluated.Findings: The results show that the wisdom of managers in line with the pluralism the values of shareholders and beneficiaries, affected by the risk caused by multiple information sources, in the field of cost-oriented components, like facilitating the access to organizational financial resources, market-oriented components, like facilitating the access to extra-organizational financial resources And in bio-based components, the global economy's turn towards circular economy is affected.Originality/scientific added : results show that the implementation of wise strategies to promote pluralistic social values can lead to increasing the legitimacy of the decision from the point of view of the stakeholders, the effectiveness of the competition, reducing the conflict of interest in decision-making and emphasizing the social dimensions Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        911 - The relationship between the predominant dietary pattern of pregnant women and the results of thyroid screening of their newborns
        Nasim Hasanzadeh Forouzandeh Dashti shahla Mohamadirizi Hosein Hajianfar
        10.30486/fch.2022.693488
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        912 - The Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Milk Production Trait in Holstein Cows in Mahdasht of Sari Using Test Day Records
        شهاب الدین قره ویسی روح الله عبدالله پور ذبیح اله کالاشی
        To estimategenetic parameters for milk production traits, test day records of first lactation Holstein cows during the years 2001 to 2009 Mahdasht Sari was collected, was used. The data examined in this study included 9782 test day records of 1140 holstein cows in milk More
        To estimategenetic parameters for milk production traits, test day records of first lactation Holstein cows during the years 2001 to 2009 Mahdasht Sari was collected, was used. The data examined in this study included 9782 test day records of 1140 holstein cows in milk and meat complex was Mahdasht Sari. Analysis of test day records was performed using the software DFREML. Fixed and random regression was according to the modelLegendrepolynomialsfrom days oflactation. The model fitted well with the 3 degree for genetic and environmental permanent factors. The minimum level of heritability (0.039) was related to,early lactation period and its value increased in late lactation and at about the ninth month of lactation to reach peak levels (0.280). Phenotypic variance of milk production traits during lactation are not the same and its value was higher in early and late lactation period. The maximum amount of genetic variance in the tenth month was 18.750 and the minimum in the early lactation period was 2.360.Residual variances for milk production trait were constant. The maximum amount of genetic and phenotypic correlations between adjacent days in milk was observed and correlated to the amount of this increase was reduced between days of lactation. Using test day records, increased accuracy of estimating genetic parameters. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        913 - The Comparison of Genetic Structure of Zagros tooth-Carp (Aphanius vladykovi( in Gandoman and Shalamzar Wetland in the Chaharmahall-o-Bakhtiari Province by Using Microsatellite Markers
        سیده آمنه حسینی علی شعبانی حمیدرضا رضایی
        Zagros tooth carp (Aphanius vladykovi) is a rare and valuable species. This is native fish in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiyari province of Iran and lives in springs and wetlands. In this study, to investigate the genetic diversity of this species, sampling was performed from Ga More
        Zagros tooth carp (Aphanius vladykovi) is a rare and valuable species. This is native fish in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiyari province of Iran and lives in springs and wetlands. In this study, to investigate the genetic diversity of this species, sampling was performed from Gandoman and Shalamzar wetland areas, 23 individuals from each region. 5 pairs microsatellite primer were used to investigate the genetic diversity and showed 100% polymorphism. The average observed heterozygosity was equal to 0.965 that is more than expected heterozygosity (0.867). The mean gene flow and inbreeding coefficient was 23.33 and -0/11, respectively. The result of Fst (%1) and Rst (%14) indicated low genetic differentiation between populations and adequate genetic variation within populations. Analysis of molecular variance indicated %1 differentiation between and % 99 variations within populations.Among the10tests, 5 samples showed following Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        914 - Bacterial Study of the Caudal Fin Rot in Brood Stocks of Salmo trutta caspius from the Propagation and Breeding Center of Shahid Bahonar of Kelardasht Region with Emphasis on Aeromonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp.
        علیرضا گلچین منشادی مهدی سلطانی رضا عصاره
        In order to study caudal fin rot with emphasis on Aeromonassp. and Pseudomonassp. in Salmo trutta caspiusfrom the salmonids propagation and breeding center of Shahid Bahonar of kelardasht region, One hundred and eighty brood stocks having fin damage symptoms were chosen More
        In order to study caudal fin rot with emphasis on Aeromonassp. and Pseudomonassp. in Salmo trutta caspiusfrom the salmonids propagation and breeding center of Shahid Bahonar of kelardasht region, One hundred and eighty brood stocks having fin damage symptoms were chosen. Two bacterial samples from each fish were cultured on Aeromonasand Pseudomonas specific media. After incubation biochemical tests for diagnosing isolated colonies of Aeromonassp. and Pseudomonassp. were performed.The results of biochemical tests showed that isolated bacteriaof Aeromonassp. were belonged to Aeromonas caviae and Aeromonas hydrophila (sub species anaerogenes) by 75% and 25%frequency respectively and bacteriaof Pseudomonassp. were belonged to Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas alcaligenes by 42.1% ,36.48% and 21.05% frequency respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        915 - Evaluation of the Effects of Methamphetamine Drug on Cell Growth of Stem cells Derived from Uterine Endometrial Tissue of Rats
        Zahra Goudarzi Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini ,Davood Mehrabani Sara Hashemi
        Methamphetamine is a hallucinogenic substance abused by millions of people all around the world. Cellular toxicity in some cell lines is one of the reported effects of this psychoactive substance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of methamph More
        Methamphetamine is a hallucinogenic substance abused by millions of people all around the world. Cellular toxicity in some cell lines is one of the reported effects of this psychoactive substance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of methamphetamine on the growth of adult mesenchymal stem cells extracted from uterine endometrial tissue in rats. In this experimental study, stem cells were extracted from uterine endometrial tissue in rats, and after cultivation, they were investigated in terms of being mesenchymal using flucytometry method and by CD34, CD90 and CD105 markers. In the third passage of cell culture, the effect of methamphetamine toxicity at a concentration of 0.6 mmol was investigated in a 1-8 day period on the growth of mesenchymal stem cells derived from uterine endometrial tissue by formula PDT= T× . Cells isolated from uterine endometrial tissue adhered completely to the floor of the flask 24 hours after being transferred to the cell culture flask. These cells were positive for non-hematopoietic surface marker expression (CD90, CD105) and negative in terms of hematopoietic marker (CD34) expression, so the mesenchymal identity of these cells was confirmed. The results of the cell count test also showed a significant reduction in the growth of cells treated with 0.6 mmol methamphetamine compared to the control group. The results of this study showed that the cells isolated from the uterine endometrial tissue were of the basic mesenchymal type. The results of cell counting revealed that methamphetamine can inhibit growth by inducing the effects of cell toxicity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        916 - Investigating the combined effect of endostatin along with ‎endometrial stem cells expressing TSP-1 anti-angiogenic gene on ‎angiogenic induce factors on the treatment of prostate cancer in rats
        hossein Attar shakeri Esmail Fattahi Mohammadreza Nowroozi Seyed Ali Momeni Abbas Piryai
        Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Androgen ‎deprivation therapy has been identified to induce oxidative stress in prostate cancer, ‎leading to reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Thus, antioxidant therapies ‎h More
        Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Androgen ‎deprivation therapy has been identified to induce oxidative stress in prostate cancer, ‎leading to reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Thus, antioxidant therapies ‎have gained attention as adjuvants for this cancer. Here, we report for the first time that ‎endostatin along with endometrial stem cells expressing TSP-1 anti-angiogenic gene ‎improved androgen- phenotype and genotype in rats prostate cancer cells.‎‏ ‏Forty male ‎rats (n=8) weighing approximately 95-100 g were purchased from Pasteur Inistitute of ‎Tehran . Animals were suffered to prostate cancer by injecting LNCaP cell line for 12 ‎weeks. Prostate cancer animals were immediately received endostatin for 28 days. ‎Prostate cancer animals were received stem cell containing the Tsp-1 anti-angiogenesis ‎gene. Histological examinations were measured. The levels of IL8 and VEGF serum ‎were assayed.‎‏ ‏In group receiving cells and drug, amount and height of acinus wall folds ‎decreased compared to the patient group and the shape of the vesicles was clear and the ‎epithelial lining were cohesive and regular. The levels of IL8 and VEGF serum were ‎significantly decreased in combination group than to prostate cancer group (P≤0.01). ‎ Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        917 - The Effect of Endometrial Stem Cells with Pomalidomide on Serum Glutathione and Lipids in 6-OHDA Induced Rat Model of Parkinson
        Elham Ghasemi deligani Maryam Khosravi Mahmoud Salami Zavareh Ramin Haji Khani
        10.22034/ascij.2022.1939521.1303
        Parkinson’s disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease with no identified effective treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of human endometrial stem cells with the anti-inflammatory drug pomalidomide on glutathion More
        Parkinson’s disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease with no identified effective treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of human endometrial stem cells with the anti-inflammatory drug pomalidomide on glutathione (GSH) and serum lipids (total cholesterol,TC and low density lipoprotein, LDL)) in the Parkinson’s model in male Wistar rats. Male rats were randomly assigned to five groups (8 animals in each group) including: control, Parkinson’s, and 3 experimental Parkinson’s groups receiving stem cells, pomalidomide, and a combination of stem cells and pomalidomide. Parkinson’s was induced by injection of 6-hydroxy dopamine (concentration 6 μg) in the striatum by stereotaxic method. In the fourth week after surgery, the three experimental groups were treated with  4 mg/kg/daily of pomalidomide, 100,000  stem cells through intranasal route, and a combination of pomalidomide at a dose of 4 mg/kg/daily and 100,000 stem cells. At the end of day 28, blood samples were taken from the groups and factors were measured. The results revealed a significant increase in glutathione among the treated groups compared to the Parkinson’s group. There was also a significant decrease in glutathione in Parkinson’s group compared to the control group. Comparison between Parkinson’s group and the group treated with pomalidomide and endometrial stem cells showed a significant reduction in cholesterol. Moreover, LDL levels showed a significant decrease in LDL levels in the treated groups compared to the Parkinson’s group. Considering the improvement of the measured factors in Parkinson’s rat, allogeneic stem cells can be used as a potential source along with pomalidomide in future research for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        918 - Investigating the Changes in Expression Level of FOXO1 and P27 Kip Genes in Endometrial Hyperplasia Tissue Samples Compared to Normal Tissue Sample
        Parvin Ghaderi Soodabeh Fallah Hamid Reza Khaledi Afsaneh Tehranian Fereshteh Rahmati Shahrzad sheikhhasani
        10.22034/ascij.2023.1976006.1451
        Endometrial hyperplasia is the irregular proliferation of endometrial glands and an increase in the ratio of gland to stroma compared to normal proliferative endometrium. Endometrial hyperplasia is one of the precursors of endometrial cancer, which is one of the most co More
        Endometrial hyperplasia is the irregular proliferation of endometrial glands and an increase in the ratio of gland to stroma compared to normal proliferative endometrium. Endometrial hyperplasia is one of the precursors of endometrial cancer, which is one of the most common cancers among women. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating changes in the expression level of FOXO1 and P27 kip genes in endometrial hyperplasia tissue samples compared to normal tissue sample. In this case-control study, samples of hyperplasia with normal marginal tissue were taken from the uterine endometrium of women who referred to the women's clinic of Arash Hospital with abnormal uterine bleeding or increased endometrial thickness. Marginal normal tissue sample and hyperplasia sample were considered as control and case, respectively. The relative expression level of FOXO1 and P27 kip genes was measured by real time PCR method after total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, and then the data obtained from the reaction was analyzed by RQ=2-ΔΔCT method. Data were analyzed using independent t-test. The relative expression level of FOXO1 and P27 kip genes in the hyperplasia tissue sample was not significantly different compared to the control group (P>0.05.( Although the results of some studies indicate that the expression level of FOXO1 and P27KIP genes can be changed in endometrial cancer, the results of the present study showed that, contrary to expectations, there is no significant change in relative expression level of FOXO1 and P27KIP genes in hyperplasia tissue compared to normal tissue. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        919 - Comparing the Effect of Galbanic Acid and Chitosan Gel on Pro-Inflammatory Factors in Intra-Abdominal Adhesions after Laparotomy in Rats
        Firoozeh Saghaei melika montazeri Mahsa Rezvan
        10.22034/ascij.2023.1991709.1514
        Abdominal adhesions are a common complication after laparotomy (abdominal surgery) that can cause intestinal obstruction, pelvic pain and infertility. Since inflammation plays an effective role in induction of intra-abdominal adhesions and galbanic acid has anti-inflamm More
        Abdominal adhesions are a common complication after laparotomy (abdominal surgery) that can cause intestinal obstruction, pelvic pain and infertility. Since inflammation plays an effective role in induction of intra-abdominal adhesions and galbanic acid has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects, in the present research, its effect on inhibiting of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β, in abdominal adhesions after laparotomy was investigated. For this purpose, after anesthetizing and opening the abdomen, adhesion was induced in male wistar rats and, adhesion was induced in male wistar rats, and in one group, 2 cc of chitosan gel was injected in the adhesion induction site and the abdomen was closed, and in one group, galbanic acid (10mg/ kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 7 days. At the end of 7 days, the abdomen was opened again and the abdominal adhesion was observed and a sample was taken from the adhesion sites. RT-PCR method was used to determine the gene expression of pre-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. The results of the study showed that intra-peritoneal injection of galbanic acid like chitosan gel effectively reduced the incidence of intra-abdominal adhesions after laparotomy. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β gene expression in both groups, which indicates the anti-inflammatory effect of these two natural substances. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        920 - Effect of Stem Cells Containing TSP-1 Gene along with Letrazole on ROS and VEGF Levels in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Induced by Estradiol Valproate in Female Wistar Rat Model
        masoumeh Rahimi maryam bananaj Ramin Hajikhani maryam akhavantaheri
        10.22034/ascij.2024.1952846.1364
        Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic, endocrine and metabolic heterogeneous disorder and the most common endocrine disease and metabolic disorder in children of reproductive age and the most important cause of infertility due to ovulation in women. Ther More
        Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex genetic, endocrine and metabolic heterogeneous disorder and the most common endocrine disease and metabolic disorder in children of reproductive age and the most important cause of infertility due to ovulation in women. There is a direct and close relationship between systemic and local inflammation and the rate of angiogenesis and PCOS. Stem TSP-1 and mice receiving letrazole and mice receiving concomitant TSP-stem cells and letrazazole were categorized and VEGF was measured by Real Time PCR and ROS by ELISA. Wistar female rats with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) had a significant increase in VEGF gene expression and tissue ROS levels compared to the control group, which was significant. The results showed a significant decrease in VEGF gene expression and ROS levels compared with PCOS mice. The highest reduction was observed in letrrazole-receiving mice with TSP-1-containing stem cells compared to the other two treatments in both VEGF and ROS. ROS and VEGF levels are associated with increased ovarian masses, and increased ovarian masses with hypoxia, androgens, insulin, and AMH may increase VEGF levels. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        921 - Investigation of Archetypes of Sayeh ( shadow ) and its comparison with the Story of Bashare Parhizkar ( virtuous man ) from Nezami's Haft Peykar based on Jung's school of psychology
        Vajiheh Torkmani Barandoozi
        Abstract         Sayeh ( shadow ) is one of Jung's archetypes. In this process of individuality he introduces some archetypes that are shared by many people. He believes that man can achieve prosperity and perfection through correct u More
        Abstract         Sayeh ( shadow ) is one of Jung's archetypes. In this process of individuality he introduces some archetypes that are shared by many people. He believes that man can achieve prosperity and perfection through correct understanding of these archetypes; one of which was introduced by Jung as shadow which is the dark dimension of the human being. Sayeh is an unbecoming feature that knowingly happens in man's behavior. This research intends to investigate the third dome of this archetype in the behavior of Bashar ( human being )in the well-known Nezami's Haft Peykar 's pious character.and shows how he becomes familiar with his sayeh in the spiritual journey and achieves individuality process ( prosperity ) after death. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        922 - The Analysis of Hegemonic Flow of Shamloo's Poetry and Thoughts with the Function of the Discourse Theory of Ernesto Laclau
        Kaveh Abbasi Jalil Tajlil Farhad Tahmasebi Abdolhossein Farzad
        Abstract           This passage has been written regarding the principles and the basis of the discourse theory extended by Ernesto Laclau. The essence of this theory is that the historical and social subjects are political. More
        Abstract           This passage has been written regarding the principles and the basis of the discourse theory extended by Ernesto Laclau. The essence of this theory is that the historical and social subjects are political. This essay differentiates between the antique and anthology level and has studied Shamloo's works in anthology books. Based on this, Shamloo's works on the freedom discourse implies that  political and social movement during the recent century have been considered as the aim and the identity of political movements in Iran. The strategy and method of this research is that some of the basic concepts, are explored in Shamloo's works and then his central concepts of ideas about liberty are chosen in this paper . Shamloo, in this essay, is called the poet of freedom. It is believed that most of the phenomena in society and literature are political and the content must be internally seen and evaluated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        923 - خیز و ارتعاشات آزاد پنل ساندویچی با هسته لانه زنبوری بر بستر الاستیک وینکلر
        یونس یوسفی حسین وحدانی فر رضا شیرانی محمد دهقانی
        . در این مقاله به بررسی خیز و ارتعاشات آزاد پنل ساندویچی پرداخته‌شده است. هسته ساندویچ پنل از نوع لانه‌زنبوری شش‌وجهی و رویه‌های آن از دو ماده متفاوت Carbon fiber reinforced plastic و K-aryl/epoxy در نظر گرفته‌شده است. معادلات حاکم بر پایه تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول More
        . در این مقاله به بررسی خیز و ارتعاشات آزاد پنل ساندویچی پرداخته‌شده است. هسته ساندویچ پنل از نوع لانه‌زنبوری شش‌وجهی و رویه‌های آن از دو ماده متفاوت Carbon fiber reinforced plastic و K-aryl/epoxy در نظر گرفته‌شده است. معادلات حاکم بر پایه تئوری تغییر شکل برشی مرتبه اول استخراج گردیده و برای حل معادلات از روش عددی دیفرانسیل مربعات تعمیم‌یافته استفاده‌شده است. جهت اعتباربخشی به روش دیفرانسیل مربعات به‌کاررفته در این مقاله از روش کلاسیک با حل گالرکین ارائه‌شده در مراجع استفاده‌شده و نشان داده‌شده که روش دیفرانسیل مربعات تعمیم‌یافته به کار گرفته‌شده دارای نتایج خوب با درصد خطای نسبی پایین نسبت به مقاله مرجع یادشده است. تغییر شکل ایجادشده در پنل ساندویچی به ازای دو نوع بارگذاری متفاوت موردبررسی قرارگرفته است. درنهایت فرکانس‌های طبیعی برای چهار مد اول برای دو ماده متفاوت رویه‌ها به دست آورده شده و تأثیر نسبت‌های متفاوت طول به ضخامت هسته و نسبت ضخامت رویه‌ها به ضخامت هسته لانه‌زنبوری بر مقدار فرکانس طبیعی بررسی‌شده است. همچنین تأثیر ضریب سختی فونداسیون برخیز ایجادشده و فرکانس طبیعی، ارائه گردیده است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        924 - برداشت انرژی الکتریکی از تیر نانو با لایه پیزوالکتریک تحت ارتعاشات اتفاقی
        حسین وحدانی فر رضا شیرانی محمد دهقانی یونس یوسفی
          در مقاله حاضر، برداشت انرژی الکتریکی از ارتعاشات اتفاقی تیر نانو اویلر- برنولی با دولایه پیزوالکتریک بررسی می‌گردد. تیر مذکور از یک ‌لایه آلومینیم و دو لایه پیزوالکتریک سرامیکی با نام اختصاری PZT 5A به‌عنوان لایه حسگر برداشت انرژی تشکیل ‌شده است. در روش پیش رو مع More
          در مقاله حاضر، برداشت انرژی الکتریکی از ارتعاشات اتفاقی تیر نانو اویلر- برنولی با دولایه پیزوالکتریک بررسی می‌گردد. تیر مذکور از یک ‌لایه آلومینیم و دو لایه پیزوالکتریک سرامیکی با نام اختصاری PZT 5A به‌عنوان لایه حسگر برداشت انرژی تشکیل ‌شده است. در روش پیش رو معادلات حاکم بر نانو تیر بایمورف به‌صورت تحلیلی با استفاده از تئوری کلاسیک تیرها به همراه اعمال ضریب اصلاحی ساختار نانو به دست خواهد آمد. سپس با استفاده از روش کانتروویچ معادلات سیستم به دست آمده حل خواهند شد. شرایط مرزی در نظر گرفته‌شده برای تیر نانو به‌صورت یکسر گیردار و جرم متمرکز انتهای آزاد تیرمی باشد و تابع تحریک ورودی سیستم جهت برداشت انرژی به‌صورت اتفاقی در نظر گرفته‌شده است. با توجه به اینکه در این پژوهش هدف بررسی میزان برداشت انرژی است بنابراین در قسمت نتایج نمودارهای ولتاژ و حداکثر قدرت خروجی تیر بایمورف نانو تحت تحریک اتفاقی و ورودی نویز سفیدو همچنین تأثیر خواص و ضریب مقیاس ذرات نانو بر میزان برداشت انرژی ارائه ‌شده است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        925 - Effect of wind speed on the drag force and wall shear stress of domes in historical mosques of Iran: a case study
        Iman Pishkar Mehdi Jahangiri Rouhollah Yadollahi Farsani Ayoub Khosravi Farsani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        926 - حل مساله ی غیرخطی نوسانگرهای سخت شونده و نرم شونده با روش تجزیه ی آدومین
        بهرام گل محمدی قاسم اسعدی کردشولی علیرضا وحیدی
        یکی از عوامل ایجاد اثرات غیرخطی در سیستمهای نوسانی، غیرخطی بودن تابع نیروی بازگرداننده است که طیف وسیعی از آن­ها با تابع چندجمله­ای درجه سه و انتخاب ضرایب مناسب مدل­سازی می­شوند. در این مقاله یک سیستم نوسانگر جرم - فنر تحت تاثیر چنین نیروی بازگرداننده&sh More
        یکی از عوامل ایجاد اثرات غیرخطی در سیستمهای نوسانی، غیرخطی بودن تابع نیروی بازگرداننده است که طیف وسیعی از آن­ها با تابع چندجمله­ای درجه سه و انتخاب ضرایب مناسب مدل­سازی می­شوند. در این مقاله یک سیستم نوسانگر جرم - فنر تحت تاثیر چنین نیروی بازگرداننده­ای درنظر گرفته­ شده و دو دسته پارامتر طوری انتخاب شده­اند که معادلات حرکت دو نوسانگر سخت شونده و نرم شونده از کاربرد قانون دوم نیوتن به­دست آیند. این معادلات دیفرانسیل غیرخطی مرتبه دو ابتدا با استفاده از روش تجزیه­ی آدومین حل شده­اند. در مرحله­ی بعد ابتدا معادلات به دستگاه معادلات مرتبه یک تبدیل و سپس مجددا با روش آدومین حل شده­اند. با توجه به این­که طرف دوم معادلات دیفرانسیل حل شده، برابر با صفر است، برای مقایسه­ی نتایج، پاسخ­ها در معادله قرارگرفته و انحراف آن­ها از صفر به عنوان خطا درنظر گرفته شده­است. مقایسه­ی نتایج نشان می­دهد که روش به­کار رفته برای هر دو مساله از دقت مناسب برخوردار است و همچنین تبدیل معادله به  دستگاه معادلات مرتبه­ی پایین­تر منجر به حصول پاسخ­های دقیق­تر می شود.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        927 - تحلیل واماندگی و آسیب خستگی یک میل موج‌گیر تحت آزمون خستگی
        محمد شرعیات امیر گنجی‌دوست
        تئوری‌های خستگی تا کنون بر روی نمونه‌های استوانه‌ای تحت بارهای خمشی، کشش- فشاری یا پیچشی آزموده شده‌اند. میدان‌های تنش پدیده آمده در این نمونه‌ها، عمدتاً یک یا دو بعدی بوده‌اند. میل موج‌گیر یا میله پادغلت، یکی از اجزای سیستم تعلیق خودرو است. میل موج‌گیر در عین داشتن مقط More
        تئوری‌های خستگی تا کنون بر روی نمونه‌های استوانه‌ای تحت بارهای خمشی، کشش- فشاری یا پیچشی آزموده شده‌اند. میدان‌های تنش پدیده آمده در این نمونه‌ها، عمدتاً یک یا دو بعدی بوده‌اند. میل موج‌گیر یا میله پادغلت، یکی از اجزای سیستم تعلیق خودرو است. میل موج‌گیر در عین داشتن مقطع ساده دایره‌ای، به دلیل داشتن خمهای متعدد، متحمل میدان تنش سه‌بعدی است. این قطعه همواره تحت بارگذاری نوسانی خمشی و پیچشی قرار دارد و مهمترین عامل در شکست و تخریب آن پدیده خستگی است. در مقاله کنونی با استفاده از تحلیل اجزای محدود و کد کامپیوتری نوشته شده، به تحلیل خستگی و محاسبه میزان آسیب انباشته در این قطعه بر پایه تئوریهای معتبر اصلاح شده صفحه بحرانی، با قابلیت به کارگیری تنش چند محوره پرداخته شده و مقایسه‌ای بین نتایج حاصل از این تئوری‌ها با نتایج حاصل از کار تجربی و آزمون خستگی به کار گرفته شده صورت پذیرفته است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        928 - A Review on National and International Legal Documents on Combating Sand and Dust Storms
        Manijheh Ganjalinejhad Farhad Dabiri Sahar Zarei Seyed Ali Salehpour
        10.22034/ap.2018.538375
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        929 - Evaluation of combining ability morpho-physiological properties of sunflower under optimum and limited irrigation condition
        Mehdi Zohdi Aghdam Farokh Darvish Kojouri Mehdi Ghaffari asa Ebrahimi
        Five CMS lines and four restorer lines (tester) were crossed in a line × tester designe in order to analyze general and specific combining abilities and gene effects in sunflower for some agronomic traits. Hybrids were evaluated in a randomized complete block desi More
        Five CMS lines and four restorer lines (tester) were crossed in a line × tester designe in order to analyze general and specific combining abilities and gene effects in sunflower for some agronomic traits. Hybrids were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, with three replications under optimum and limited water conditions in the Agriculture Research Station, Khoy, during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Plant height, head diameter, seeds per head, days to beginning of flowering, days to maturity, proline percent, protein percent, and Chlorophyll b were found to be controlled mainly by dominance effects. CMS lines AGK30 and testers RGHK25 and RGHK50 turned out to be the best general combiners for seed and oil yield. The highest positive and significant GCA for plant height, head diameter, and the number of seeds per head were achieved for RGHK25. The hybrid combination of AGK44 × RGHK56 showed high specific combining ability for seed and oil yield. At grain yield AGK30 line had the highest positive and significant GCA and AGK2 had the highest negative and significant GCA it trait. At evaluation of tester, RGHK50 tester had the highest positive and significant GCA and RGHK56 had the highest negative and significant GCA it trait. At evaluation of specific combining ability RGHK56×AGK44 hybrid had the highest positive and significant SCA and RGHK25× AGK110 hybrid had the highest negative and significant GCA it trait. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        930 - Evaluation of yield and its related traits in Wheat cultivars treated with fluorescent Pseudomonads under salt stress
        Dariush safari fatemeh jmali hamid reza nooryazdan farashteh bayat
        In order to Evaluation of yield and its related traits in Wheat cultivars treated with fluorescent Pseudomonads under salt stress , experiment desing was a split plot design with three repetitions in the year of 1394-95 in the research greenhouse at the Faculty of agric More
        In order to Evaluation of yield and its related traits in Wheat cultivars treated with fluorescent Pseudomonads under salt stress , experiment desing was a split plot design with three repetitions in the year of 1394-95 in the research greenhouse at the Faculty of agriculture and natural resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr was implemented. Salinity stress was considered as a major factor in four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mm NaCl), wheat cultivars (Kuhdasht, dehdasht, Karim and Bam) as a first sub-plots and four strains of fluorescens pseudomonads (WKZ1-93، 2-79، WB1-7 and WBO-3) along with a control treatment (no bacteria) were considered as the second subplots.. The results analysis of variance of the experimental data determined there was a significant difference between salinity levels in all studied traits except spike weight and spike number and the interaction of salinity × variety in all measured traits except for peduncle length and other simple and cross effects were significantly different in each trait. Results of correlation coefficient showed the highest correlation between grain yield and peduncle length (r = 0.58**).In stepwise regression, peduncle length, spike length, grain weight, plant height and number of grains per spike were entered the model and confirmed the 51% of the total yield variations. Path analysis for grain yield revealed a direct and positive impact of peduncle length, spike length and 1000-grain weight and indirect effect of 1000-grain weight through peduncle length and peduncle length through spike length on yield. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        931 - Investigation of Salinity Tolerance in Spring Rapeseed by Line × Tester Method
        Akbar Saberi Seid Zabihallah Ravari Ahmad Mehraban Hamid Reza Ganjali Hsan Amiri Oghan
        In order to evaluate the salinity tolerance of spring rapeseed varieties, 15 hybrids obtained from the intersection of 5 lines and 3 testers with their parents (total of 23 genotypes) in two conditions of normal and salinity irrigation in two randomized complete block d More
        In order to evaluate the salinity tolerance of spring rapeseed varieties, 15 hybrids obtained from the intersection of 5 lines and 3 testers with their parents (total of 23 genotypes) in two conditions of normal and salinity irrigation in two randomized complete block designs with 3 replications were studied in 2009-2010 at Kerman Agricultural and natural Resources Research Center. Significance of the effect of treatment on all studied traits (a total of eight traits) under two irrigation conditions showed that there was sufficient genetic diversity between crosses, which justified line × tester analysis. Decomposition of hybrids into their components based on line-tester analysis showed that the effects of lines, testers, and the effect of line-tester in terms of the studied traits were significant, and the lines had different reactions in combination with different testers. Estimates of more than one for the ratio of the mean squares of general combining ability to squares of specific combining ability showed that the additive action of genes has greater role in their genetic control. High values and low amplitude changes of broad sense heritability showed that genetic variance was greater than environmental variance. The lowest amount of specific heritability for the trait of 1000-kernel weight (58.74%), and the highest amount was related to grain yield (89.89%) under normal irrigation conditions. Crosses SPN179 × Dalgon and RGS003 × SPN179 are the best hybrids in terms of grain yield under normal and salinity conditions, respectively, with the highest values of specific combining and are recommended Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        932 - Structure of the Cultural Influence of the Domination System in Anti-Domination Systems
        ahmadreza habibi javad ostad mohamadi Rasoul Berjisian
        Due to the importance of the strategy of cultural influence of the domination system in the transformation or overthrow of anti-domination systems, it is necessary to examine the structure of cultural influence and recognize anti-domination systems. Therefore, the prese More
        Due to the importance of the strategy of cultural influence of the domination system in the transformation or overthrow of anti-domination systems, it is necessary to examine the structure of cultural influence and recognize anti-domination systems. Therefore, the present article uses analytical-descriptive method and library collection, and in response to the question of how the cultural influence of the domination system in anti-domination systems is done, it examines the structure of the project of cultural influence of global arrogance. For this purpose, the nature of the structure of cultural influence and its structural features including functional structure, normative structure and process structure have been studied.  The present study shows that the system of domination is based on a flexible, complex, informal horizontal structure, multifaceted and extensive cultural influence, and due to its effectiveness during the three processes of change in attitude space, change in action and change in objective space, it has to use cultural influence patterns, including belief war, Andalusianization, cultural alienation, human rights war, lifestyle change, and the Western model of civil society with the aim of changing values, beliefs, norms, promoting Western culture, and ultimately transforming anti-domination systems Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        933 - Designing the Explanation Model of Cultural Factors Effective on the Sense of Social Security in Kerman
        leila oshage khosroshahi mehrdad navabakhsh ebrahim motaghi Nowruz hashemzehi
        DOR:20.1001.1.17358663.1398.14.40.2.4
        Many people live in societies in which the “security” is placed at the top of human needs’ pyramid, and it is considered as the most essential condition to meet material and spiritual needs. The main question of the present study is to determine its ef More
        Many people live in societies in which the “security” is placed at the top of human needs’ pyramid, and it is considered as the most essential condition to meet material and spiritual needs. The main question of the present study is to determine its effectiveness on sense of social security by determining the cultural factors of citizens over 20 years old in Kerman. Several factors and elements are effective on the sense of social security that Identifying them requires a systematic approach. Research method of the present study from the perspective of purpose - applied; In terms of quantitative - survey and historically, it is a post-event that was developed by referring to scientific documents within the theoretical framework of research and then using a questionnaire as a method of data collection. The statistical population of the study included 632163 people over the age of 20 years in Kerman in 1398, 385 people were examined by cluster sampling method, including 10% of the possibility of non-final return of the questionnaires (400 people).The hypotheses of the components of cultural factors including religious adherence, the sense of freedom, security and social-cultural identity affect the sense of social security of the citizens of the workers in order to formulate the model. Regression, T and pathway analysis tests were applied for analysing  gathered information, and ultimately, SPSS and AMOS software were used for modelling the design of structural equations .In this study, after describing and explaining theoretical basics in the field of determination of social security, it was attempted to provide the dimensions and factors of the effectiveness on the sense of social security in the form of the model. The results of the research show that religious adherence variables, the sense of freedom, social-cultural identity and security have a direct, positive and meaningful impact on the creation of sense of security. Finally, the main hypothesis of the research was also confirmed through presentation of final model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        934 - The Role of Imam Khomeini's Cultural Capital in the Islamic Revolution of Iran
        Majid Ostovar
        The 1979 Revolution in Iran is one of those great historical events that is linked to the character of Imam Khomeini and without it, one cannot study all aspects of this revolution. For many scholars of the revolution, there is the question of how an elderly personalit More
        The 1979 Revolution in Iran is one of those great historical events that is linked to the character of Imam Khomeini and without it, one cannot study all aspects of this revolution. For many scholars of the revolution, there is the question of how an elderly personality was able to change the minds of the Iranian people and transform the minds of Iranians with unique characteristics. This article aims to understand the dimensions of Imam Khomeini's influence in the minds of Iranians, requires intellectual knowledge and dimensions of cultural capital. Therefore, this article uses the theory of cultural capital of "Pierre Bourdieu" and the application of the sociological method of phenomenology shows the linguistic and cultural characteristics of Imam Khomeini and the coordinates of the Iranian political field in the formation of comprehensive legitimacy of Imam Khomeini in people and groups. Politics played an important role in the Islamic Revolution. The findings of the study show that Imam Khomeini, using Islamic-Shiite elements against the modernist policies of the Pahlavi regime, mobilized the Iranians in support of revolutionary ideas. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        935 - بررسی اثر تزریق وریدی استامینوفن(آپوتل) در تسکین درد پس از عمل ابدومینوپلاستی
        Naser Sanjar Mousavi Rozita Khalili
        Background:Pain management is a crucial component in the postoperative care of patient.  Opioids,which have been the mainstay of  postoperative pain control for some time, are being used less because of significant adverse effects. Recently Intravenous acetami More
        Background:Pain management is a crucial component in the postoperative care of patient.  Opioids,which have been the mainstay of  postoperative pain control for some time, are being used less because of significant adverse effects. Recently Intravenous acetaminophen that is a analgesic and antipyretic drug  is used for reduce postoperative pain. Objective: Efficacy of  Intravenous Acetaminophen (Apotel) in control of pain after abdominoplasty. Methods: In this clinical trial 60 patients who underwent abdominoplasty and were willing to participate in this research project were randomly divided into two groups A and B.After the patient is awaked the pain based VLAS scoring system recording in the questionnaire, in A group we used intravenous acetaminophen 1000 mg , Acetaminophen was administered every 6 hours up to 4 times and the pain in injection time and three hours after injection was record. Due to ethical considerations and the rights of patients, despite taking acetaminophen if the patient still had pain we used other methods such as intramuscular injection of 10 mg methadone or 100 mg diclofenac suppository. In group B, conventional methods of pain relief in patients with an intramuscular injection of 10 mg of methadone and diclofenac suppository mg 100 was used. Assessment of pain in these patients during and three hours after injection were performed. Results: In general, pain was different in the two groups and greater pain reduction was observed in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (p=0/024). the total amount of opioid that was, methadone 70 mg in acetaminophen group and methadone 1200 mg in control group, be differed. Also taking diclofenac as an analgesic supplement distributed 30% in the acetaminophen group and 50% in the control group (p=0/114). After review of adverse events in both groups no significant difference was found between the two groups (p>0/05).Alpha Conclusion: According to the information obtained, Intravenous acetaminophen is effective in reduction of postoperative pain after abdminoplasty and reducing opioids consumption. Therefore can be appropriate and available alternative of opioids in postoperative relieving pain.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        936 - Assessing the impact of fluorescent Pseudomonas on properties of canola seedlings under drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol
        Somayeh Karami Chameh Massoumeh Namrvari Amin Fathi Sadegh Bahamin Fakher Kardoni
         Nowadays, drought stress and environmental pollutions due to irregular consume of chemical fertilizers, are the most important problems in agricultural productions. This study aimed to examine the bacteria Pseudomonas on vegetative characteristics of canola seedli More
         Nowadays, drought stress and environmental pollutions due to irregular consume of chemical fertilizers, are the most important problems in agricultural productions. This study aimed to examine the bacteria Pseudomonas on vegetative characteristics of canola seedlings under drought stress in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture University Ramin was conducted in 2011. A factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications and 12 treatments were performed. The first factor Pseodomonas fluorescence strains of bacteria at three levels: control (no inoculation with the seed), 108p and 169 p and the second factor, 4 levels of drought stress were including zero (distilled water), -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa. The results showed that the effects of drought stress was significant on all traits measured. Pseudomonas aeruginosa on length of shoot and root and shoot dry weight and had a significant effect. At the highest levels of stress (-0.9MPa), shoot dry weight was hot 0.9 amount compared to the treatment of stress was 62 percent. The inoculation of seeds with Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria p 169, shoot fresh weight to the value of 68g was found that compared to non-inoculated treatment was 15 percent.Generally, the use of fluorescent Pseudomonas strains of bacteria could reduce the effects of drought on the properties of canola seedlings.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        937 - Comparing Different Methodologies Used To Ensure the Security of RFID Credit Card: A Comparative Analysis
        Rohit Sharma Anuj Kumar Agarwal P.K Singh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        938 - Conceptual Model of Perceived Organizational Bullying and Burnout with the Mediating Role of organizational Maturity and Freedom of Expression in Staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth
        jalal shamlo alimohammad safaniya salahedin naghshbandi
         The purpose of this study was to examine the conceptual model of perceived organizational bullying and burnout with the role of mediating organizational maturity and freedom of expression in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. in terms of nature and met More
         The purpose of this study was to examine the conceptual model of perceived organizational bullying and burnout with the role of mediating organizational maturity and freedom of expression in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. in terms of nature and method, this research is applied research with descriptive-correlation method that data collection was done in the field. The statistical population of this study is all staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N = 800). Measuring instruments were organizational maturity, burnout, organizational bullying, and freedom of expression questionnaires. The face and content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by 11 faculty members. The reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. One-sample t-test, and structural equation modeling were performed for statistical analysis. The results showed that freedom of expression (2.45) in inappropriate status, organizational maturity (3.11) at a moderate level, burnout (3.30), and perceived organizational bullying (3.51) in the Ministry of Sport and Youth are significantly above average. Moreover, there is a positive and significant correlation between perceived organizational bullying and burnout (r = 0.57), a reverse and significant relationship between perceived organizational bullying and expression (r = -0.42) and organizational maturation (r=-0.30) among the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (sig = 0/01). As a result, two variables of organizational maturity and freedom of expression have reciprocal and significant effects on the relationship between perceived organizational bullying and burnout.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        939 - Comparison of gastrointestinal parasites in stray dogs from Tabriz suburb with domestic dogs from Tabriz
        tina daneshrad Hasanali Mahpeikar Arash Azadi
        Background: There are many zoonotic diseases between humans and animals that can be a threat to human health. These include gastrointestinal parasites in pets such as dogs and cats.Objectives: Because of the temperate climate in Tabriz city, severe parasitic infections More
        Background: There are many zoonotic diseases between humans and animals that can be a threat to human health. These include gastrointestinal parasites in pets such as dogs and cats.Objectives: Because of the temperate climate in Tabriz city, severe parasitic infections have been reported in animals of the region. These parasitic infections need further epidemiological study and identification of different species, to eradicate various parasitic diseases.Methods: July 2016 to March 2017, 63 stray dogs and 63 domestic dogs from Tabriz city were sampled. Then, using the flotation method, eggs and parasite cysts were identified in infected dogs.Results: By examining the eggs of parasites that were isolated from the feces of stray and domestic dogs, Toxocara in stray dogs with 49.20% and hookworms in domestic dogs with 14.28% had the highest rate of infection, and the lowest rate of infection in stray dogs was related to Cryptosporidium with 7.93%.Conclusions: According to this study, a lower parasitic infection rate was observed in the gastrointestinal tract of domestic dogs. These results refer to the importance of an appropriate living environment, healthy nutrition, and an anti-parasite treatment program. Attention to these issues in the clinic leads the veterinarian to the correct diagnosis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        940 - Infertility effects of Ephedra major aqueous extract on uterine histological parameters of adult female Balb/C mice
        مهسا Ghosi, پروین Torabzadeh, منیره Movahedi,
        Ephedra has been used for more than 5,000 years to treat conditions such as colds, fever, flu, headaches, asthma, wheezing, and nasal congestion. It has also been an ingredient in many dietary supplements used for weight loss, increased energy, and enhanced athletic pe More
        Ephedra has been used for more than 5,000 years to treat conditions such as colds, fever, flu, headaches, asthma, wheezing, and nasal congestion. It has also been an ingredient in many dietary supplements used for weight loss, increased energy, and enhanced athletic performance (especially in womankind). In Iran lots of documents were showed traditional usage of Ephedra major for stertility or abortion; so due to fnding any studies about this subject we decided to study infertility effects of the aqueous extract of Ephedra major on the uterus of adult female Balb/C mice. Aqueous extract of Ephedra major was provided in standard way of extraction. Final product of extract, containing the water soluble materials of 50mg Ephedra major powder per/ml. In this experimental study, adult females Balb/C mice (24-26gr.bw) were selected and divided randomly into fve groups: Control (Intact), distilled water injected (Sham), Receiving 100mg/kg.bw of extract, Receiving 200mg/kg.bw of extract, Receiving 300mg/kg.bw of extract. Intraperitonial (IP) injections were applied for 8 consecutive days. A day after the last injection, animals were killed, cupped and their uterus were fxed for histological studies. The experiments were repeated three times. Microscopic studies showed a signifcant decrease in large and small diameters of uterus, height of epithelium (P<0.001) and endometrium (P<0.05) at dose of 300mg/kg.bw and signifcant increase in epithelium (P<0.001) at the dose of 100mg/kg.bw. These experiments resulted that aqueous extract of Ephedra major has two kinds of effects: infertility (200 and 300mg/kg.bw) and fertility (100mg/kg.bw).   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        941 - Assessment of endometrial cytology to diagnose subclinical endometritis and its effects on fertility in repeat breeder dairy cows
        بهرام Salasel. A. Mokhtari تقی Taktaz. M. Khosravi.
        The objective of this study was to describe endometrial cytology to determine the prevalence of subclinicalendometritis (SCE) and iťs impacts on fertility in Repeat breeder dairy cows.Dairy cows parity 1 to 5 which were inseminated 3 or more times (the average number of More
        The objective of this study was to describe endometrial cytology to determine the prevalence of subclinicalendometritis (SCE) and iťs impacts on fertility in Repeat breeder dairy cows.Dairy cows parity 1 to 5 which were inseminated 3 or more times (the average number of AI in selected cows was3.8) were examined in 190±40 days in milk. Clinically normal cows (n=77) were selected based on the absenceof abnormal discharges on external inspection and also absence of abnormal fndings on transrectal palpation andultrasonographic examination.Endometrial samples were collected from the uterus using the lavage technique in the luteal phase of estrus cycle.Collected solution centrifuged and a drop of sediment was streaked on to a clean microscopic slide and stained withGiemsa. The percentage of polymorphonuclear cells(neutrophils) was counted for each specimen.Analyzed data showed that in the selected cows, the mean amount of neutrophils was 3/1 %(0-9) and the prevalenceof cytologically diagnosed SCE (based on more than 2% neutrophils) was 52/7 %(n=38).Cytologically diagnosed SCE was signifcantly associated with impaired reproductive performance.In this study, 25% of cows (n=18) became pregnant in the next service. Conception rate (in the next AI) was 5% forcows (n=38) with SCE (more than 2% neutrophils), and 47% for cows (n=34) without SCE(less than 3% neutrophils)(p=0.009).In conclusion, subclinical endometritis in repeat breeder cows which diagnosed by endometrial cytology wasassociated with reduced reproductive performance such as relative conception rate and increased risk of involuntaryor premature culling. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        942 - Invitro antagonistic effects of normal vaginal Lactobacilli isolated from healthy bitches on some pathogens related to bitch endometritis in comparison with some commonly used antibiotics
        مهرداد Jabarzadeh o. ataie amarloie f. moosakhani
        Nowadays the uterine infections are considered as one of the principal disorders of bitch’s reproductive system. Forthis reason, the utilization of lactobacillus spp. as probiotic and aimed at substituting in the uterus as an inhibiting factoragainst the uterine i More
        Nowadays the uterine infections are considered as one of the principal disorders of bitch’s reproductive system. Forthis reason, the utilization of lactobacillus spp. as probiotic and aimed at substituting in the uterus as an inhibiting factoragainst the uterine infections due to the production of metabolites such as hydrogen peroxide and lactic acid be usefuland should be investigated (13). For this reason, in order to isolate the lactobacillus spp. from the vaginas of healthybitches beings, an attempt was made to obtain specimens using double guard swab under sterile conditions from twentyhealthy bitches which had been primarily confrmed through radiograph, ultrasonography and clinical examinations.Subsequent to the acquisition of specimens, the swabs were immediately placed in MRS-broth medium and aftertransferring to laboratory they were incubated frstly for 48 to 72 hours in anaerobic condition under 37ºc. Thereafter,from the specimens grown on MRS-agar, cultures were prepared and further incubated under above conditions formore 48 to72 hours. Utilizing direct observation, biochemical tests and ultimately PCR and sequencing the genus oflactobacillus spp. was discerned from the colonies grown on the surface. Following this step, the lactobacillus spp.were subjected to isolation and propagation. On the other hand, in a bid to test the effect of isolated lactobacillus onregular pathogens occurring in uterine infections, a certain number of afflicted bitches beings referred to medical clinicsexisting all over Alborz province were selected for obtaining specimens of uterine secretions. In continuation, the degreeof created inhibition zone resulting from separate proximity of lactobacilli and antibiogram discs with main isolatedpathogens including Staphylococcus intermedius, E. coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcusaureus and Trueperella were compared. The fndings demonstrated that the Lactobacilli had a signifcant effect ona multitude of pathogenic bacteria for the creation of inhibition zone from growth in laboratory conditions. Most ofisolated pathogens (83.3%) in the vicinity of 2.5µl of fresh culture medium of Lactobacillus showed susceptibility whichindicates a signifcant difference in comparison with susceptibility of all antibiogram discs under investigation (34.16%).In the light of acquired results in laboratory conditions (in vitro), it seems that the application of Lactobacillus spp. in bitchvagina as a preventive factor from uterine infections or as a factor for mitigating the disposition to such infections shouldalso be surveyed under clinical conditions which might possibly be a suitable replacement for antibiotic treatments. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        943 - Discourse as an Effective Methodology in International Relations Studies
        Tayebeh Mohammadi kia عبدالمجید مبلغی
        Today Discourse is widely used in the social sciences. Discourse is generally known by Foucault name and as an Genealogy theory. But this theory has the same methodological applicability. This article studies the meaning of discourse, the views of influential thinkers a More
        Today Discourse is widely used in the social sciences. Discourse is generally known by Foucault name and as an Genealogy theory. But this theory has the same methodological applicability. This article studies the meaning of discourse, the views of influential thinkers and the Methodology of discourse. It also explains the possibilities of using Discourse as a methodology in the field of international relations. It discusses the methodology of Discourse as a Post-Structural Methodology in the international relations studying. This paper consists of two parts and each part includes different subjects. The first part, titled “Discourse as a theory and methodology”, includes subjects such as Foucault's Discourse and Genealogy and Archaeology. It also includes a methodological approach to discourse from the perspective of Laclau and Mouffe. The second part, titled "Using Discourse Methodology in International Relations Studies", includes the use of Discourse in the international relations Studies and the understanding of international relations from the Perspective of Discourse Methodology. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        944 - Investigating to establish a favorable government in the opinions of thinkers after the Islamic Revolution
        mojtaba akbareyan Ali Fallahi Seifodin
        10.30495/psq.2022.1950510.2139
        This article examines how to establish a favorable government، in the opinions of thinkers after the Islamic Revolution and how the relationship between religion and politics, And it seeks to raise the question of how with the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the e More
        This article examines how to establish a favorable government، in the opinions of thinkers after the Islamic Revolution and how the relationship between religion and politics, And it seeks to raise the question of how with the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the establishment of religious democracy, the question of understanding the nature of government and understanding the relationship between religion and politics, in establishing a favorable government and its requirements in the views of the post -Islamic Revolution, One of the most important and challenging issues in their field of thinking became , And what factors have caused the deep gap between the two groups, the farther we go, the deeper the gap, and in response to the questions and the hypothesis of the article, it is possible to answer that a group with a critical, pathology of the favorable government. Evaluated in the field of thought and action, and their shortcomings were explored from a new angle, Another spectrum, with the influence of religious interpretations, attempted to communicate between religion and politics, led the favorable government to this position and made thinkers aware of the realm of religion. In this article, we try to explain the views of each of them and the causes of Conflict and differences between modernist and traditionalist intellectuals, and finally, its pathology has been considered, which we have tried to study using a descriptive analytical method Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        945 - The concept of democracy and freedom in Islamic State from the prespective of Abdulkarim Soroush and Mesbah Yazdi
        Seyed Mohsen Ahmadi Abbas Salehi Najafabadi qhasem Torabi
        The attempt to integrate religion and democracy is one example of struggle between tradition and modernity.this debate over the issue of democracy and religious rule began with the rise of legitimate constitutional theory against the constitutional absolutist demand.as More
        The attempt to integrate religion and democracy is one example of struggle between tradition and modernity.this debate over the issue of democracy and religious rule began with the rise of legitimate constitutional theory against the constitutional absolutist demand.as thinkers have always argued over issues such as the authenticity of the people vote,confusion between right and obligation,legitimacy and acceptance.so Mesbah Yazdi ,with a religious perspective,and Soroush with a hermeneutic view were arranged their votes.Mesbah Yazdi regards as gruesome achievement of the story of saghifeh introduces theory of divine providence as the centerpiece of Islamic rule,while Abdule karim Soroush advocates the existence of Muslim democracy and in principle,freedom and equality are known as the essantial of his theory of democracy.this essay noticed the relationship between religion and democracy from Soroush and Mesbab Yazdi views. Key words;Islamic state freedom,legitimacy,democracy. the story of saghifeh introduces theory of divine providence as the centerpiece of Islamic rule,while Abdule karim Soroush advocates the existence of Muslim democracy and in principle,freedom and equality are known as the essantial of his theory of democracy.this essay noticed the relationship between religion and democracy from Soroush and Mesbab Yazdi views. Key words;Islamic state freedom,legitimacy,democracy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        946 - The crisis in the formation of Newsadriadrians political thought
        mohamad poorgorban حمید رضا تبشیری
        10.30495/psq.2022.1949063.2134
        The present paper examines the political thought of the newness, which is referred to as political and religious leaders in the Islamic Republic of Iran and a philosophical stream in contemporary Iran, and addressed whether the social crises are ten 20 Up to 57 (AH) had More
        The present paper examines the political thought of the newness, which is referred to as political and religious leaders in the Islamic Republic of Iran and a philosophical stream in contemporary Iran, and addressed whether the social crises are ten 20 Up to 57 (AH) had an impact on the formation of the political thought of the newness and, in the event of an impact, what did they see their community crisis? What did they know about? What kind of government did the alternative model for the political system? What are the solutions to the desirable community in their thoughts? The hypothesis of this article is that the crisis of ten 20 to 57 (H) He also saw his community crisis in issues such as lack of political independence, extreme Westernist, and introduce the cause of the angle of finding Mohammadi Islam. He knows the pattern for the political system for the formation of the Islamic Republic and the strategy of reaching the desirable community in the center of Islam in independence, religious democracy, and so on. Therefore, this paper aims to explain the political thought of newness in the interpretation method of crisis theory and using data analysis by library method. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        947 - A Comparative Study of the Ideas of Jean Jacques Rousseau and John Stuart Mill regarding the Concept of Freedom
        Khashayar Bourbouri Hossein-Ali Nowzari Reza Shirzadi
        10.30495/psq.2021.1871396.1607
        Freedom is one of the most valuable words that have existed in human minds up to now. Freedom is the most important index of human dignity and nobility. Many of the political thinkers believe that enjoying a value and identity called freedom is the greatest index of hum More
        Freedom is one of the most valuable words that have existed in human minds up to now. Freedom is the most important index of human dignity and nobility. Many of the political thinkers believe that enjoying a value and identity called freedom is the greatest index of human dignity and identity and lack of access to freedom is the major feature of animal identity of man. This is why Rousseau, the French thinker, has considered the slavery and colonialism to be against human nature and has equaled the lack of freedom to the lack of humanity. Rousseau`s is often associated with the irrational idealism of pure and savage nature as well as the primary nature of human being. However, beyond all features, he is a complicated political philosopher who has offered a determinate form of government which is the prerequisite of human freedom within the framework of a modern society. He insists that man is a man when he is free since this freedom provides the ground for his perfection. John Stuart Mill is another western thinker claiming that the lack of freedom is equal to the lack of reason. Hence, he states that there is a close relationship between the freedom and rationality. He regards the lack of freedom as the lack of reason. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        948 - Brexit and Special Relations in lieu of Global Britain idea
        Alireza Ghadrdoust Nakhchi Mehdi Zakarian Amiri Hamid Ahmadi
        10.30495/psq.2022.1947230.2163
        The results of the United Kingdom referendum to leave the European Union on Thursday June 23, 2016 was a big shock not for the UK but for the Europe and the rest of the world. In the plebiscite, 52 percent of the eligible voters chose leave, better known as Brexiteers, More
        The results of the United Kingdom referendum to leave the European Union on Thursday June 23, 2016 was a big shock not for the UK but for the Europe and the rest of the world. In the plebiscite, 52 percent of the eligible voters chose leave, better known as Brexiteers, to take the rest of the 48 percent out of the Union. Due to type, form and the nature of the UK relations with the countries, the effects of the vote is quite understandable. Moreover, the leave vote put a huge question mark on the on-going efforts of European integrations.Changing world conditions, emerging China as an effective power, along with Russian moves especially after annexation of Crimea, jeopardizes EU’s firm stance against international developments. On the other side of the Atlantic, occurring Trump phenomenon in 2016 in the United States changed deep-rooted “Special Relations” with the two Anglo-Saxon countries and the Europe, as well. In the aftermath of the Brexit, “Global Britain” strategy focuses more than ever on Britain’s role in the world. In this strategy, Britain away from EU can be an active player in the world arena.This paper based on integration theory will quest the answer to the question of do we face close UK-US relations in the post-Brexit? The findings show that the two countries will be closer and the UK needs the US to gain its goals in the Global Britain policy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        949 - Analysis and evaluation of the Iranian resistance from the arrival of the Arabs to the Umayyad caliphate: Its effect on the Identify of Iranians
        Afshin Eshkevar kiaei
        10.30495/psq.2023.1993853.2227
        This article examines the confrontation and resistance of the Iranians against the subjugation of the Islamic-Arab identity of the Arabs (especially the Umayyads) from the time of the arrival of the Muslim Arabs until before the Abbasids came to power. On the one hand, More
        This article examines the confrontation and resistance of the Iranians against the subjugation of the Islamic-Arab identity of the Arabs (especially the Umayyads) from the time of the arrival of the Muslim Arabs until before the Abbasids came to power. On the one hand, this study refers to the strategies of groups and currents that tried to escape from the relations and mechanisms of subjugation of Arab-Islamic identity with various forms of resistance, and on the other hand, it examines the results of these resistances on Iranian identity.The results of this study show that the resistance of Iranians was irregularly distributed among different currents and groups and the centers of resistance were different according to the time and place that occurred: Sometimes by relying on their own thoughts and ideas (like the Zonbilis) and sometimes by relying on non-Iranian forces such as the Kharijites; Others accompanied the Arabs and joined the Islamic army as infantry in the hope of trophy or fearing for their lives; Others, hoping for revenge on the Arab fighters, went to the support of any force opposed to the central caliphate so that they could resist the central caliphate and escape Arab domination. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        950 - Coordinates of freedom in the opinions of Mohammad Taghi Misbah Yazdi and Daud Firhi
        saeed alizadah hasan shamsini ghiasvand Mohamad Porghorban
        10.30495/psq.2023.1988908.2207
        The concept of freedom in Iran's intellectual field goes back to contemporary history. However, the jurisprudential-intellectual approach about it among Iranian thinkers is a newer phenomenon. Among recent Iranian thinkers and jurists, the mystery of freedom has always More
        The concept of freedom in Iran's intellectual field goes back to contemporary history. However, the jurisprudential-intellectual approach about it among Iranian thinkers is a newer phenomenon. Among recent Iranian thinkers and jurists, the mystery of freedom has always been the most challenging issue. The central question and purpose of this research is the jurisprudential-philosophical conflicts of Mohammad Taghi Misbah Yazdi and Dawood Firhi about freedom. Based on the analytical-descriptive analysis method, it can be said that both thinkers encountered freedom based on theological and jurisprudential intellectual foundations. . For this reason, such freedom thinkers consider the existence of freedom and will in human existence, which is necessary for the spiritual excellence of man. Misbah Yazdi's methodology is classical jurisprudence, but Firhi looks at Islamic texts and experience based on hermeneutic and postmodernist methods. Misbah Yazdi does not accept the assumptions of modern liberalism such as freedom as the goal of worldly life, rationalism and individualism as the bases of political-social freedoms, while Firhi emphasizes on external freedom and the implementation of the bases of political-social freedoms such as individualism. It emphasizes humanism, human rights and women's rights.. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        951 - Epistemological Opposition of Domestication Approaches in Humanities; A Case Study: Functional Indigenism Approach Epistemological Indigenism Approach
        Nurali Gholamhoseinnia samakosh Ali Akbar Amini
        Development process has some prerequisites in which the theoretical bases constantly play a significant and considerable role. However, this point is not clearly before us. The science itself needs to be developed. Therefore, the developing countries are confronted with More
        Development process has some prerequisites in which the theoretical bases constantly play a significant and considerable role. However, this point is not clearly before us. The science itself needs to be developed. Therefore, the developing countries are confronted with a cycle of development and science; and science development is one the solutions for the above-mentioned problem. Nevertheless, this involves numerous epistemological approaches. There are two main epistemological streams “functional indigenism” and “epistemological indigenism” in the discussions related to Humanities development. These two streams have always had approach opposition which has led to development reduction in Humanities. In this paper, it is aimed to address this question using a qualitative method and applying qualitative data collection tools. The main research question is how the opposition of functional indigenism approach and epistemological indigenism approach in domestication and development of Humanities can make this area efficient or inefficient. The main hypothesis in this paper articulates that the opposition of functional indigenism approach and epistemological indigenism approach slows the development process of Humanities and impedes operationalizing domestication in Iran and the solution is moving toward taking the integrative-synthetic approach in this area. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        952 - The scope of freedom of will in football employment contracts in the light of domestic and FIFA regulations
        Mostafa Soleimani Babadi محمد صادقی S.mehdi Mirdadashi
        The freedom of will in football contracts, similar to other contracts with distinct characteristics, is not absolute. In addition to general restrictive rules, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) has also imposed limitations on such contracts. Th More
        The freedom of will in football contracts, similar to other contracts with distinct characteristics, is not absolute. In addition to general restrictive rules, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) has also imposed limitations on such contracts. This article delves into examining the position of the parties' free will in football employment contracts. This research was done using descriptive analytical method. The predefined conditions in football contracts should not be merely considered ceremonial formalities; the objective of including such conditions is to establish contractual balance without interference from FIFA or the federation. If these regulations oppose the mandatory rules of a country, a judge may refrain from enforcing them based on the mandatory rules or laws related to public order. However, the primary challenge lies in the fact that football contracts benefit from their own enforcement mechanism, and generally, such disputes are not referred to public courts. The overarching approach is that no rule or provision should unduly restrict the parties' contractual will, and the principle of contractual freedom in football employment contracts, like other contracts, should be considered by the parties as a fundamental principle. Therefore, the parties' will enjoys legal validity as long as it does not contradict FIFA's mandatory rules, the mandatory rules of the country, or unilateral conditions against contractual goodwill. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        953 - Investigating and Extracting Elements of Organizational Wisdom and Evaluating It Using Fuzzy MCDM
        ghafoor ahmadi Farhad Najadirani Nadr Bohlooli golamreza rahimi
        Wisdom is one of the most complex and broadest human concepts. This concept reflects the growth of intellectual power and the development of human behavior. Insight and experience do not necessarily indicate wisdom; the reason for the wisdom is that the manager can come More
        Wisdom is one of the most complex and broadest human concepts. This concept reflects the growth of intellectual power and the development of human behavior. Insight and experience do not necessarily indicate wisdom; the reason for the wisdom is that the manager can come up with the best possible solution by making the right decision. Making decisions is one of the most important steps that managers can make prudent and predictable decisions by acquiring the necessary knowledge, empowerment and understanding of the surrounding environment. The purpose of the research is applied and in terms of method, it is a descriptive-survey research. In order to prepare and formulate theoretical foundations, the study records are used in the library method. Data collection is also used to measure and identify indicators and evaluate the field method. In order to analyze the data, after identifying the dimensions and variables of organizational wisdom, this work done to eliminate the unrelated factors and also to categorize them with the help of the factor analysis. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire with 34 items and priority is also given to fuzzy AHP. The results show that the variables and factors of organizational wisdom in the industrial enterprises of Kermanshah are as follows: 1.learning (continuous), 2.thinking (system and wise), 3.values and ethical actions, 4.creativity and innovation and 5.intelligence (based on experience). Also, the level of organizational wisdom was 3.91 which was confirmed with 95% accuracy and the amounts of 5 factors were confirmed with 95% confidence. Finally, the fuzzy hierarchy analysis method was used to prioritize the factors of organizational wisdom. The order and priority of each of the five factors is as follows: 1) Learning (continuous) 2) Humor 3) Creativity and Innovation 4) Ethical values and actions 5) Priority-thinking (system and wisdom). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        954 - The relationship between organizational silence and organizational forgetfulness with employee performance Ministry of Science, Research and Technology
        Fatemeh Rashid chehre bargh MAHBUBEH ABDOLLAHI
        This study aims to identify the relationship between organizational silence- organizational forgetting and employees’ performance. The statistical population includes 670 employees in Science and Technology Ministry, 244 people were selected by stratified random s More
        This study aims to identify the relationship between organizational silence- organizational forgetting and employees’ performance. The statistical population includes 670 employees in Science and Technology Ministry, 244 people were selected by stratified random sampling using Morgan Table. In order to collect data, standard performance questionnaire of Carry Hersey and Blanchard(1998), organizational silence by Vakula and Broadus (2005), and the questionnaire of organizational forgetting by Moshabbaki and et. al (2011) were used and their reliability and validity were confirmed.  The collected data was analyzed through SPSSS software and inferential descriptive statistics. Using Regression Test, it was proved that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational silence and organizational forgetting and employees’ performance; organizational silence and organizational forgetting cover approximately 46% of variations in employees’ performance rate. Performance decreases by the rise of quiet organizational silence, acquiescent organizational silence, and pro-social organizational silence. Also, performance decreases by the rise of intentional or accidental forgetting.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        955 - The Impact of Leaders’ Wisdom on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with the Mediating Role of Organizational Culture in Tehran Branches of Islamic
        farzaneh shahrokhi behzad shoghi shima sholekar
        The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of leaders’ wisdom on organizational citizenship behavior with the mediating role of organizational culture among Azad university faculty members of Tehran City. The research method was practical and descriptive typ More
        The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of leaders’ wisdom on organizational citizenship behavior with the mediating role of organizational culture among Azad university faculty members of Tehran City. The research method was practical and descriptive type and quantitative. The population consisted of 700 full time faculty members in Tehran Azad University that were selected through cluster random sampling method. To collect the data, three standard questionnaires were used: (a) organizational wisdom by Ardlet (2003), (b) organizational citizenship behavior by Organ and Kanofski (1996), and organizational culture by Dennison (2000). After collecting the data, they were desescribed in terms of the mean and standard deviation through SPSS-21 software and inferential statistics was carried out through structural equation modeling with the help of LISREL-v8.80 software. Technical characteristics of the questionnaires were assessed including reliability, validity, convergent and divergent validity. Path coefficient and significant ones were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the degree of appropriateness of the proposed model was ideal with regard to research components. Also the results of the study indicated that leader wisdom had significant impact on organizational citizenship behavior with the mediating role of organizational culture among Azad university faculty members.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        956 - The Impact of Organizational Wisdom on Effectiveness among staff of education in Markazi Province
        Farzaneh Shahrokhi Amir Navidi Bahzad Shoghi
          Abstract This study aimed to determine the impact of organizational wisdom on effectiveness among staff of education in Markazi Province in the years of 2015.  The research purpose method was applied and data collection methods were descriptive-survey. The p More
          Abstract This study aimed to determine the impact of organizational wisdom on effectiveness among staff of education in Markazi Province in the years of 2015.  The research purpose method was applied and data collection methods were descriptive-survey. The pollution of research was including 137 employees involved in education and training in Markazi Province and among whom, 101 people was considered as sample by using Cochran formula. Data collection was carried out through Brown & Greene (2006) standard questionnaire and Nedaee et al (2012) standard questionnaire. Technical characteristic of questionnaire including reliability and validity studied by using of various criterion, for example Alpha Chronbach method used as a one the methods of reliability assessment for this research, that reliability coefficient obtained for both standard questionnaires research variable more than 0.7. Also to test the validity of questionnaires used Content validity and construct validity. Data analysis was carried out through Smart PLS software in two aspects of descriptive (frequency, frequency percentage, mean, Standard deviation) and inferential (Structural Equation Modeling, Confirmatory Factor Analysis). In measurement model, Technical characteristic of questionnaire and loading factor have investigated, also, in structural model have investigated Structural Coefficients. The results showed that organizational wisdom and its dimensions (Self-Knowledge, Emotional Management, Altruism, Inspirational Engagement, Judgment, Life Knowledge, Life Skills, and Willingness to Learn) impact on effectiveness among staff of education in Markazi Province Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        957 - The Relationship between Behavioral Systems and Domestic Violence Against Women with the Intermediate Role of Self-Control and Resilience
        Bahman Shafiei Sashanbeh Mehdi Feiz Muhammad Solgy Ali Akbar Suleimani
           This study aimed to identify the relationship between behavioral systems and domestic violence against women with regard to the mediating role of self-control and resilience. The research method is descriptive (non-experimental) correlation design. The stat More
           This study aimed to identify the relationship between behavioral systems and domestic violence against women with regard to the mediating role of self-control and resilience. The research method is descriptive (non-experimental) correlation design. The statistical population of this study includes all married women who have been subjected to domestic violence and referred to judicial authorities. The sample size is 400 women who have been subjected to domestic violence and referred to judicial authorities. The donor was selected as the sample of this study. The instruments used were Domestic Violence Questionnaires against Haji Yahya (2001), Gray-Wilson Personality, Conner & Davidson Resilience (CD-RISC), and Tanji et al. (2004). Inferential statistics of structural equation modeling, regression and confirmatory factor analysis were used to investigate the research hypotheses. The results of the first hypothesis test show that age affects the domestic violence against the studied women; the second hypothesis test results show that education affects the domestic violence against the women studied; the results of the third hypothesis test show that the duration of marriage affects the domestic violence. Against the women studied; fourth hypothesis test results showed; resilience affects domestic violence against women; fifth hypothesis test results indicated; self-control affects domestic violence against women; hypothesis test results Sixth, the personality trait of deterrence over domestic violence against Moore women Study affects; Hypothesis test results show that personality traits of war and escape affect domestic violence against women studied; Hypothesis eight test results show activation personality traits affect domestic violence against women, as well as results Tests of the ninth hypothesis showed that self-control affects resilience. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        958 - Measuring and Comparing the Level of Wisdom of Gifted and Normal Adolescent Male and Female Students
        mohammad ali salmani ardani
        The aim of this article is the measuring and comparing the wisdom of gifted and normal adolescent male and female students. This article is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The st More
        The aim of this article is the measuring and comparing the wisdom of gifted and normal adolescent male and female students. This article is a part of development-applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey type in terms of data collection method. The statistical population included all gifted and ordinary high school students in Isfahan in the academic year of 1397-98. Cluster random sampling method was used and 400 people were tested individually with a questionnaire to assess the level of wisdom of adolescent students (WMQ). Data were analyzed using Spss and AMOS software using correlation coefficient, heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the mean index in the gifted group is higher than the normal group and gifted male and female students have a higher score in the Wise Behavioral Indices Questionnaire. Eight factors with eigenvalues greater than one were able to explain 71.494% of the variance of items. The results of the first-order confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit index is at a desirable level. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated in terms of Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.895. The coordination between the factors with the total score is acceptable and the model fit index is at a desirable level, which indicates that the questionnaire is sufficient. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        959 - Psychometric properties of the Domestic Violence Questionnaire in women
        Bahman Shafiee
        Introduction and goal: Domestic violence, a type of relationship between the sexes is unusual and unconventional. Domestic violence, a phenomenon in which the woman due to the force of the man placed his gender. With the recent popularity, cost and consequences need to More
        Introduction and goal: Domestic violence, a type of relationship between the sexes is unusual and unconventional. Domestic violence, a phenomenon in which the woman due to the force of the man placed his gender. With the recent popularity, cost and consequences need to address this problem is evident. Ineffective and inefficient methods of fighting against domestic violence, could be retaliation, angry a long time, leaving home and noted. And effective coping methods can be used to silence one of the parties, talking after relaxation, help seeking guidance from the elders visiting family counseling centers, bearing a mention. Questionnaire design how to deal with domestic violence on women is particularly important to reduce the side effects of domestic violence on women. This study aimed to determine the psychometric questionnaire designed to deal with domestic violence against women. Methods: In this study, the methodology, after a review of existing studies and literature, basic phrases and then design the questionnaire validity and reliability was determined using different methods. To determine the validity of the method of face validity, content validity and construct validity were used. The internal consistency reliability and test-retest methods through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: After reviewing the literature, the questionnaire's content validity. The results of exploratory factor analysis 69/34 Hara percent of variance explained. Reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0/82 and 0/81 Test-retest reliability coefficient. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of 32 words, how to deal with domestic violence against women was confirmed. This is a tool to measure how to deal with domestic violence on women used in other studies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        960 - The Impact of Leaders’ Wisdom on Happiness with the Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence
        shima sholekar Behzad Shoghi seyedyousef salehi
        The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of organizational wisdom on happiness with the mediating role of emotioal intelligence among Azad university faculty members of Tehran City.The method according to purpose was Practical, The method of data collection was More
        The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of organizational wisdom on happiness with the mediating role of emotioal intelligence among Azad university faculty members of Tehran City.The method according to purpose was Practical, The method of data collection was descriptive correlational, as well as the type of data was quantitative. The population consisted faculty members in Tehran Azad University that were selected 700 member by using Sample size calculation based on structural equation and cluster random sampling method as the sample size. All of them were full-time members. To collect the data, three standard questionnaires were used include leaders’wisdom by Ardlet (2003), Oxford happiness by Argyle, et al (1989) and emotioal intelligence by Mayer, et al(1999). After collecting the data, they were desescribed through the mean, standard deviation, by SPSS-21 software and data Statistical Inference was carried out through structural equation modeling with the help of LISREL-v8.80 software. Questionnaires technical characteristics were assessed including reliability, validity, convergent and divergent validity. Path coefficient and significant coefficients were used to examine the hypotheses. The results showed that the degree of appropriateness of proposed model was appropriate with regard to components research. Also the results of the study indicated that leaders’ wisdom has significant impact on happiness with the mediating role of emotioal intelligence among Azad university faculty members of Tehran City. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        961 - The position of education and globalization in the opinions of recent Iranian thinkers
        fatali hammati haji ali shiravand علی فلاح نژاد
        Education is the main focus of human life in all eras, especially in the era of globalization, because without education life in the third millennium is not possible. Of course, it should be said that education in the information age is defined by new characteristics su More
        Education is the main focus of human life in all eras, especially in the era of globalization, because without education life in the third millennium is not possible. Of course, it should be said that education in the information age is defined by new characteristics such as interactive, critical education, influence in people's lives and lifestyle. The central question and purpose of this research is to explain the place of education in the opinions of global thinkers, including Iranians, in the recent period. In order to explain this issue and with a discourse analysis, it can be said that globalization has certain effects on the lives of citizens in all dimensions, such as abandonment, the reduction of governments' sovereignty over the education of citizens, the role of modern media in the direction of people's lives, changes in people's lifestyles, The transformation in the nature of the job and the gelatinous identity. Therefore, it can be said that in the political thought of thinkers in the era of globalization, with characteristics such as the privatization of education, critical thinking, increasing the importance of non-formal education, the difference between university education and citizen life, the economicization of the education category, privatization and digitization. It is framed Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        962 - The interconnection of love and wisdom in the tale of Zal and Roudabeh based on the Choice theory and the Mandala figure
        Anahita Amini ghadamali Sarami Reza Ashrafzadeh
        AbstractThe present article looks closely into the tale of Zal and Roudabeh from the perspective of psychological approach. Employing descriptive analytic method with particular emphasis on the concept of love according to William Glasser, the purpose of this article is More
        AbstractThe present article looks closely into the tale of Zal and Roudabeh from the perspective of psychological approach. Employing descriptive analytic method with particular emphasis on the concept of love according to William Glasser, the purpose of this article is to explore one of the factors that connect love and wisdom in the tale.  Glasser equates love to commitment that in turn like many other man’s functions is a behavior shown under the influence of wisdom.  To achieve this end, apart from explaining Zal’s most vital need, the need for love and belonging the behaviors of the leading characters are revealed far from their habitual improper acts to throw light on their roles to attain utmost love. Zal, Roudabeh, maids, Sindokht, Sam, Manouchehr, and Mehrab all in turn with their committed behavior based on dialogues and wise conversations, and controlling their destructive habits, gradually managed to change the horizons of their ideal worlds and upon acceptance of unity of conflicts and oppositions could pave the way to take the journey within the inner circles of Mandala figure starting with the largest circle of love between Zal and Roudabeh and continue to take the path towards the unifying centre where lies the ultimate love.  Since in language, no two words are hundred percent synonymous, commitment is an element connected on one side to wisdom and on another to love.  Therefore, taking this tale as a model, one can regard commitment as one of the elements connecting love with wisdom.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        963 - Analysis of Female Character in the play “Pardeh khaneh” written by Bahram Bayzaii
        Kavous Hassan Lee Shahin Haghighi
        The play Pardeh Khaneh, is a dramatic work written by Bahram Bayzaii, in which woman plays a pivotal role.  The play talks about the life of women who have been captivated under a harsh, dictator regime.  In this work apart from analyzing some characteristic f More
        The play Pardeh Khaneh, is a dramatic work written by Bahram Bayzaii, in which woman plays a pivotal role.  The play talks about the life of women who have been captivated under a harsh, dictator regime.  In this work apart from analyzing some characteristic features of women in a male-dominated system, the different roles of women in such systems are highlighted.  Despite widespread attempts of male-dominated system to metamorphose the identity of women, killing their thoughts, and rob their body and soul, women in the light of consciousness, wisdom and tactfulness, could gain victory over this system and regain freedom and other rights denied them for so long.  Also this play lends itself easily to interpretations; woman in this play not only plays her real natural role in a male-dominated regime, but also borrows many tactics from Anahita, the mythical Goddess.  In this article, attempt is made to analyze and investigate the role, position, actions, and reactions of women in such system.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        964 - A Dragon Named "AZ"
        Mohammad Navid Bazargan
             Azidahak (zahhak) has always been a strange myth among the other mythological characters in pre-Islamic Literature. Is it possible to figure out a specific historical period for his life? Or as Avesta's image shows, we should consider him as a s More
             Azidahak (zahhak) has always been a strange myth among the other mythological characters in pre-Islamic Literature. Is it possible to figure out a specific historical period for his life? Or as Avesta's image shows, we should consider him as a semi-human, semi-monster notion with three ugly heads on his shoulder? This article tries to put this figure on the spotlight and illuminate his real face through a rigorous comparison between Domon of AZ and Azidahak. The research basically aimed to obvious similarities between them and shows that azidahak is a very suitable body which AZ (greed) can hide in it. Some of pre Islamix texts in pahlavi language, introduce some different kinds of Daeva (monsters) who can hide in human body and control his/her behaviors. In other words Zahhak (as Shahnameh and pre Islamic tales has revealed) is a very interesting symbol of AZ. This mythological king is a symbol of whom greed has occupied their soul and manipulate them for his own purposes.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        965 - Who is Aboolalaye Maani and what was his of thinking
        Mahmood moghtadai
        Aboolalaye Maarri was born in mid-third century and his name is well-known in Arabic literature and in the world literature, as well. Inspite of being sight impaired he possessed such brilliant memory and deft in reciting verse and composing Arabic prose. In this es More
        Aboolalaye Maarri was born in mid-third century and his name is well-known in Arabic literature and in the world literature, as well. Inspite of being sight impaired he possessed such brilliant memory and deft in reciting verse and composing Arabic prose. In this essay it is also tried to introduce his dynasty and his birthplace, acquisition, criticizing his notion and also his works and thoughts has been reviewed. This essay represents his abortiveness and his philosophy of life which has been shown in his colloctions of prose and verse. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        966 - Gender differences in the structural model of borderline personality, emotional regulation strategies and domestic violence
        Roya Aftab Ahmad Karbalayi Sadegh Taghilo
        In an emotional waterfall model, in order to avoid maladaptive emotional regulation strategies to externalization, people with borderline personality venture out on externalization of violence towards their spouse. Yet gender differences in this model is ignored. The pu More
        In an emotional waterfall model, in order to avoid maladaptive emotional regulation strategies to externalization, people with borderline personality venture out on externalization of violence towards their spouse. Yet gender differences in this model is ignored. The purpose of this study was to determine gender differences in the structural model in which borderline personality and emotional regulation strategies, thought rumination and suppression of thought is predicted in a form of domestic violence model. For this purpose, in a descriptive study, correlational type 311 married students were selected. They were tested in terms of conflict tactics, borderline signs, ruminative response styles and repression. Findings indicated that the study structural model fit with data of both groups of men and women in a different way. In this study, the relationship between borderline personality and rumination, as well as the relationship between borderline personality and domestic violence were stronger in women than men. It seems Neuroticism trait may be a factor causing women with borderline personality get more involved with different forms of violence, including domestic violence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        967 - The Effectiveness of Behavioral Activation Therapy on Rhubarb and Depression Disorders in Adolescents
        Reza Rahbaran Rana Karami Mahsa Shahmohammadi
        The women victims of domestic violence do not have a favorable situation in terms of psychological, emotional, marital and overall quality of  life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate  the effectiveness of cognition-based mindfulness therapy on social More
        The women victims of domestic violence do not have a favorable situation in terms of psychological, emotional, marital and overall quality of  life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate  the effectiveness of cognition-based mindfulness therapy on social anxiety, resilience and emotion regulation in women victims of domestic violence. During a pilot study, 32 women victims of domestic violence with social anxiety were selected by using available sampling. They were randomly placed in experimental (16) and control (16) groups. Therapeutic intervention was performed for eight sessions of 90 minutes on the experimental group, and the control group don’t have any training at this stage. The data were collected by questionnaires of domestic violence against women, emotional regulation, social anxiety and vibrational scales. Analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the experimental and control groups (p<0.01). Cognition-based mindfulness therapy has reduced social anxiety, increased resilience and emotional adjustment in women victims of domestic violence (p<0.01). It seems that cognitive-mindedness has a useful effect on reducing the psychological and emotional problems in violent women. It is important to pay attention to this method of treatment for women victims of domestic violence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        968 - The Effectiveness of Cognition-based Mindfulness Therapy on Social Anxiety, Resilience and Emotion Regulation in Women Victims of Domestic Violence
        mina taherifard nilofar mikaeili
        The women victims of domestic violence do not have a favorable situation in terms of psychological, emotional, marital and overall quality of  life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate  the effectiveness of cognition-based mindfulness therapy on social More
        The women victims of domestic violence do not have a favorable situation in terms of psychological, emotional, marital and overall quality of  life. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate  the effectiveness of cognition-based mindfulness therapy on social anxiety, resilience and emotion regulation in women victims of domestic violence. During a pilot study, 32 women victims of domestic violence with social anxiety were selected by using available sampling. They were randomly placed in experimental (16) and control (16) groups. Therapeutic intervention was performed for eight sessions of 90 minutes on the experimental group, and the control group don’t have any training at this stage. The data were collected by questionnaires of domestic violence against women, emotional regulation, social anxiety and vibrational scales. Analysis of covariance showed that there is a significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the experimental and control groups. Cognition-based mindfulness therapy has reduced social anxiety, increased resilience and emotional adjustment in women victims of domestic violence. It seems that cognitive-mindedness has a useful effect on reducing the psychological and emotional problems in violent women. It is important to pay attention to this method of treatment for women victims of domestic violence Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        969 - The role of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom on the feeling of social security mediated by spiritual intelligence
        aghil rastegari maryam hafezian
        Introduction and Objective: In this study, the effect of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in relation to the feeling of social security with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence was examined in the form of a causal model. Method:The statistical popu More
        Introduction and Objective: In this study, the effect of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in relation to the feeling of social security with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence was examined in the form of a causal model. Method:The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of the organization of the martyr Foundation of North Khorasan Province in 160 people who were selected by stratified random sampling of 113 persons according to Morgan's Curriesi Journal (1972). To collect data from social security questionnaires, self-sacrifice culture And martyrdom and spiritual intelligence were used. The reliability of the questionnaires was ./83, ./90, and ./92 respectively, indicating high validity and reliability of the questionnaire. In order to analyze the hypotheses of the research, the structural model method has been used with the help of Lisrel software. Findings: The results of the structural equation model showed that the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom with a value of 0.54 affects the feeling of social security and the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom with a value of 0.48 affects spiritual intelligence and spiritual intelligence with a value of 0.36 affects the feeling of social security. Conclusion: The results showed that by strengthening the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom, the feeling of social security has also increased, in which spiritual intelligence plays a positive mediating role. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        970 - Enforcement of civil judgments without the intervention of the winning party and its compatibility with aside of debt institution in Imamiyyah jurisprudence
        seyyed mohammad hossein hassanzadeh رضا زارعی iraj pourerfan
        One of the obvious aspects of the will of individuals can be found in the stage of enforcement of civil judgments from the complex processes of civil proceedings. The parties, both the winning and the losing, are not passive in the implementation of a legal or civil jud More
        One of the obvious aspects of the will of individuals can be found in the stage of enforcement of civil judgments from the complex processes of civil proceedings. The parties, both the winning and the losing, are not passive in the implementation of a legal or civil judgment, and each of them should be given an essential role. "The will of the losing person" in itself has value and respect in the enforcement of civil judgments; In such a way that sometimes, losing party by applying his will and taking advantage of legal opportunities, the fate of the implementation of a legal decision may undergo deviation or fundamental changes; or delay or accelerate the realization of the rights of the winning party. Therefore, parallel to the position of the winning party, it is necessary to address the role and central position of the losing party as another actor in this scene. In the present study, we will evaluate and examine the possibility of the initial request for the enforcement of the judgment by the losing party and its effects, and compare it with the institution of "aside of debt" in Imamiyyah jurisprudence and we will see that according to the legal rules and arguments, the possibility of such a request is available for the losing person, and this possibility is compatible with the foundations of the brilliant Imamiyyah jurisprudence. Manuscript profile

Sanad

Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages

The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024

Home| Login| About Us| Contact Us|
[فارسی] [العربية] [fa] [ar]