Testing a Causal Model of Domestic Violence Based on Mind Reading Through the Eyes and Childhood Psychological Maltreatment Mediated by the Quality of the Marital Relationship in Traumatized Women
Subject Areas : PsychologySajjad Basharpoor 1 , Matineh Ebadi 2
1 - Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Department of psychology, Ardabil, Iran.
2 - Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Department of psychology, Ardabil, Iran.
Keywords: quality of marital relationship, domestic violence, Traumatized women, Childhood psychological maltreatment, Mind reading through the eyes,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to test a causal model of domestic violence based on mind reading through the eyes and childhood psychological maltreatment mediated by the quality of marital relationship in traumatized women. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married women traumatized by domestic violence in Ardabil in 2021. The number of subjects was 300 who were selected via convenient sampling method and participated in the study online. The research method was descriptive and correlational. To collect data, Haj-Yahia Domestic Violence Against Women Questionnaire (2002), "Reading the Mind in the Eyes'' Test of Baron and Cohen (2005), Childhood Psychological Abuse Scale of Coates and Messman-Moore (2014), and the Marital Quality Scale of Basbi et al. (1995) were used. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the variables of mind reading through the eyes, childhood psychological maltreatment had a direct effect on domestic violence in traumatized women; And these variables through the quality of marital relationship had an indirect effect on domestic violence in traumatized women. The domestic violence in traumatized women causal model goodness of fit was also confirmed using various indicators.
Amiri Majd, M., & Kakavand, S. (2018). Relationship of abuse and violence in childhood with marital intimacy among discordant couples. Socialworkmag, 7(1), 29-36. [Persian] http://socialworkmag.ir/article-1-305-en.pdf
Aslani, K., Khodadadi andarie, F., Amanelahi, A., Rajabi, G., & Stith, S. (2020). The effectiveness of domestic violence–focused couple therapy on violence against women: Intervention in maladjusted couple relationships living in Ahvaz. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 9(2), 213-232. [Persian] https://fcp.uok.ac.ir/article_61447_en.html
Augsburger, M., Basler, K., & Maercker, A. (2019). Is there a female cycle of violence after exposure to childhood maltreatment? A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 49(11), 1776-178. URL: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/is-there-a-female-cycle-of-violence-after-exposure-to-childhood-maltreatment-a-metaanalysis/383F68DB2F596E9B19EC073FEFCF8B47
Baron-Cohen, S. (2005). The empathizing system: A revision of the 1994 model of the mindreading system. In B.J. Ellis & D.F.Bjorklund (Eds.) origins of the social mind: Evolutionary psychology and child development (468- 492). New York: Guilford Press. URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2004-21781-018
Basharpoor, S., & Herangza, M. (2020). The effect of childhood psychological maltreatment on obsessive-compulsive symptoms in nonclinical population: the mediating roles of the responsibility and cognitive fusion. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 12(1), 77-88. [Persian] URL: https://www.jcp.semnan.ac.ir/article_4585.html?lang=en
Busby, D. M., Christensen, C., Crane, D. R., & Larson, J. H. (1995). A revision of the dyadic adjustment scale for use with distressed and nondistressed couples: Construct hierarchy and multidimensional scales. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 21(3), 289–308.
Coates, A. A., & Messman-Moore, T. L. (2014). A structural model of mechanisms predicting depressive symptoms in women following childhood psychological maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(1), 103-113. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213413002925
Coyne, S. M., Nelson, D. A., Carroll, J. S., Smith, N. J., Yang, C., & Holmgren, H. G. (2017). Relational aggression and narital quality: A five-year longitudinal study. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(3), 282-293. URL: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-00083-001
Ebbert, A. M., Infurna, F. J., Luthar, S. S., Lemery-Chalfant, K., & Corbin, W. R. (2019). Examining the link between emotional childhood abuse and social relationships in midlife: The moderating role of the oxytocin receptor gene. Child Abuse & Neglect, 98(1), 104-151 URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014521341930328X
Frankel, L. A., Umemmura, T., Jacobvitz, D., & Hazen, N. (2015). Marital conflict and parental responses to infant negative emotions: Relations with toddler emotional regulation. Infant Behavior and Development, 40(1), 73-83. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0163638314200051
Goldfarb, M. R., & Trudel, G. (2019). Marital quality and depression: a review. Marriage & Family Review, 55(8), 737-763. URL: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01494929.2019.1610136
Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D. (2020). Domestic violence against women and the COVID-19 pandemic: What is the role of psychiatry?. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 71(1), 101594. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160252720300534
Haj-Yahia, M. M. (2002). Attitudes of Arab women toward different patterns of coping with wife abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17(7), 721-745. URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0886260502017007002
Hisasue, T., Kruse, M., Raitanen, J., Paavilainen, E., & Rissanen, P. (2020). Quality of life, psychological distress and violence among women in close relationships: a population-based study in Finland. BMC Women's Health, 20(1), 1-10. URL: https://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-020-00950-6
Hollist, C. S., & Miller, R. B. (2005). Perceptions of attachment style and marital quality in midlife marriage. Family Relations, 54(1), 46-57. URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.0197-6664.2005.00005.x
Hooman, H. A. (2017). Structural equation modeling using LISREL software (with modifications). Tehran: Samat Publications. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11006174/
Johnson, L., & Stylianou, A. M. (2020). Coordinated community responses to domestic violence: A systematic review of the literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 1(1), 1-17. URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1524838020957984
Kincaid, D., Shannon, C., Boyd, A., Hanna, D., McNeill, O., Anderson, R., Francis-Naylor, M., & Mulholland, C. (2018). An investigation of associations between experience of childhood trauma and political violence and theory of mind impairments in schizophrenia. Psychiatry research, 270(1), 293-297. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178117308752
LoCascio, M., Infurna, M. R., Guarnaccia, C., Mancuso, L., Bifulco, A., & Giannone, F. (2021). Does childhood psychological abuse contribute to intimate partner violence victimization? An investigation using the childhood experience of care and abuse interview. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(9-10), 4626-4652. URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0886260518794512
Maneta, E. K., Cohen, S., Schulz, M. S., & Waldinger, R. J. (2015). Linkages between childhood emotional abuse and marital satisfaction: The mediating role of empathic accuracy for hostile emotions. Child Abuse & Neglect, 44(1), 8-17. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213414002774
Nejati, V., Naserpoor, H., Zabihzadeh, A., Rashidi, M. (2015). A Study of theory of mind and empathy in convicts of penal courts: Evidences from reading the mind test through eye image. Social Cognition, 3(2), 7-18. [Persian] URL: https://sc.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_1349.html?lang=en
Peñuelas-Calvo, I., Sareen, A., Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones, J., & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2019). The “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” test in autism-spectrum disorders comparison with healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(3), 1048-1061. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-018-3814-4
Poormirzaei, M., Bagheri, M., & Fazilat-Pour, M. (2017). The Relationship between Mind Reading and Marital Satisfaction with Mediating Role of General Health. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 15(3), 299-305. [Persian] URL: https://rbs.mui.ac.ir/article-1-545-en.html
Rajabi, Gh., Kaveh Farsani, Z., A.,Amanolahi, A., & Khojasteh Mehr, R. (2018). Identifying the components of marital relationship: A qualitative study. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences, 7(2), 198-213. [Persian] URL: http://jqr1.kmu.ac.ir/article_90929.html
Riedl, D., Beck, T., Exenberger, S., Daniels, J., Dejaco, D., Unterberger, I., & Lampe, A. (2019). Violence from childhood to adulthood: The influence of child victimization and domestic violence on physical health in later life. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 116(1), 68-74. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022399918306767
Russell, T. (2009). Aspects of Social Cognition in Anorexia Nervosa: Affective and Cognitive Theory of Mind. Psychiatry Research, 168(1), 181-185. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165178108003983?casa_token=I9xG39jILWEAAAAA:_IlTIunriWjbhDwG5Z1BGIzGpdBsg6j0c-7_sYu9qT0IQS_ZuHYAiZnlaU5LHbBfXaUqlqNf_Q
Salehpour, P., Ahghar, G., & Navabinezhad, S. (2018). Comparing the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based On mind-aware and emotional-focused couple therapy on reducing the irrational beliefs and emotional divorce of married women referred to the counseling center of Tehran (Case study of the east of tehr. Revista Publicando, 5(14), 706-730. URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/236644705.pdf
Seidu, A. A., Aboagye, R. G., Ahinkorah, B. O., Adu, C., & Yaya, S. (2021). Intimate partner violence as a predictor of marital disruption in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis of demographic and health surveys. SSM-Population Health, 15(1), 1-7. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235282732100152X
Van der Put, C. E., Gubbels, J., & Assink, M. (2019). Predicting domestic violence: A metaanalysis on the predictive validity of risk assessment tools. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 47(1), 100-116. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359178918302076
Yoosefi, N., & Sohrab, A. (2011). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based family therapy and meta-cognitive family therapy for the enhancement of marital quality among divorce seeking clients. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 1(2), 192-211. [Persian] URL: https://fcp.uok.ac.ir/article_9439.html?lang=en
_||_