A Comparative Study on Execution of the Principle of Freedom of Contract in Conclusion of the Online Electronic Contracts Envisaged Under the Law of Iran and England

Subject Areas : Legal Studies of Cyberspace

MASOUMEH ALIPOUR ¹ , syed mohammad hady mahdavi ² , داود نصیران نجف ابادی ³

1 -
2 - university of lsfahan
3 - دانشکده حقوق ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد نجف اباد، نجف اباد، ایران

Received: 2024-11-18 Accepted : 2025-02-11 Published : 2025-06-08

Keywords: Freedom of Contract, Internet Contracts, Iranian Law, English Law, Consumer Protection,

Abstract :

The principle of freedom of contract is one of the fundamental principles of private law, which plays an important role in regulating contractual relations in different legal systems, especially in Iran and England. This article deals with the comparative study of the implementation of this principle in Internet contracts in Iranian and British law. In Iranian law, contractual freedom is recognized based on Article 10 of the Civil Code, but restrictions such as non-opposition to public order and mandatory laws are applied to it. On the other hand, in English law, freedom of contract is implemented based on the principles of common law and with an emphasis on transparency of information and contractual fairness. Iran's laws, such as e-commerce law and consumer rights protection laws, try to explain the framework of contractual freedom in the digital space while protecting consumers. In England, there are similar regulations Consumer Rights Act 2015 and Data Protection Act 2018 focus on guaranteeing the rights of consumers in internet contracts. One of the major differences between these two legal systems is the influence of Sharia considerations in Iran and secular laws in England. In sum, although freedom of contract is recognized in both legal systems, the differences in legal foundations and enforcement methods show that the English legal system is more flexible in regulating and monitoring Internet contracts. This article emphasizes the need to strike a balance between freedom of contract and protection of consumer rights and offers suggestions for improving laws

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