The role of "concept of freedom" in issuing sentences and moral values by relying on Sartre's phenomenological methodology.
Subject Areas : Philosophy of artzeinabsadat mirshamsi 1 , Negar Ezharijenekanloo 2 , Monireh sayyidmazhari 3
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Islamic Azad University of Karaj.
2 - Ph.D. student, Department of Theology, Philosophy and Islamic Theology, Islamic Azad University of Karaj.
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Theology, Philosophy and Islamic Theology, Islamic Azad University of Karaj.
Keywords: ethical values , ethical precepts , Sartre , freedom .,
Abstract :
The purpose of ethical view in existentialist is a better description of being human. Sartre philosopher of existentialist philosophers, as human is free and autonomous, so in ethics there is no general rule, so there is no fixed value and human is simply the source of value and moral code. According to such a view, the criterion for doing a verb as well as moral judgment is the individual himself, since the individual himself is the creator of his deeds because of his freedom. As well as his existentialist themes, Sartre also rejects the absolute morality that everyone is valid and replaces it with a moral that alone is valid for the individual. In the present article, we intend to study the nature of ethical values by relying on the concept of freedom from the perspective of Sartre in order to determine the role of moral values in how ethical judgments are issued.
# جعفری، مهدی (1386). نیاز انسان به اخلاق. مجله خُلُق، شماره 1.#
# ریچلز، جیمز؛ احمدی، ایرج (1383). «عینیت اخلاقی»، نشریه ناقذ، فلسفه و کلام، شماره4، صص127-154.#
# زمانی، مهدی؛ تقیان ورزنه، رضا (1394). «عینیت گزاره‌های اخلاقی از دیدگاه اعتبارگرایی جان رالز و توصیه گرایی هیر»، حکمت و فلسفه، سال11، شماره3، صص 112-97 .#
# شریفیان، فاطمه (1394). تأثیر باور بر انگیزش اخلاقی، دانشگاه قم، دانشکده الهیات.#
# کتابی، میرزا علی؛ شیروانی، علی و سیدمهدی سجادی‌فر (1399). «بررسی ابعاد وجودی انسان از دیدگاه شهید مطهری و ژان پل سارتر»، آیین حکمت، صص 168-145 .#
# Arthur C, Danto (1991). Sartre. Publisher, hammersmith/ London: fonton a press. pp.122-126.#
# Baard, Patrik (2019). “The Goodness of Means: Instrumental and Relational Values, Causation, and Environmental Policies”. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 32 (1), pp. 183-199.#
# Anderson C. Thomas (2013). Sartre's Second or Dialectical Ethics/@ Marquette. Philosophy Faculty Research and publications. Marquette University/ Philosophy, Department. Pp: 198-199.#
# Casali, Luisa (2020). “Morality Existentialism in Tim O'Brien's and Cormac McCarthy's ne Country for old men according to principles by jean-paul Sartre”. Marcel de Lima Santos. Scripta Alumni union draden. pp. 23, 2, 4.#
# Craig, In Edward (Ed.). (1998). Moral Judgement. The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy London.#
# Evans, WG. (2019). EThics, values and Practice. The South African Dental an association (SADA) private Bag 1. Houghton, Johannes burg, Gauteng ZA. S. Afr. den. J. South African Dental Journal. Vol: 74, P: 1.#
# Harris, N.G.E. (2014). “Creating Values: Sartre and archbishop William King”, history of philosophy quarterly. Vol 4, No: 1 (Jan, 1987) university of Illinois press. P. 53.#
# Humphreys, Julian (2018). Whose Values are you Living when you're Living your vales? An Existential approach to values clarification Coaching. Toronto, Canada philosophy of Coaching: an international Journal / JOL: 3 / No: 2. Pp: 73-87.#
# Klaus, hartmann (1925). Sartre's Ontology, a Study of Being and Nothingness in The Light of Hegel's Logic. Publisher: Evanston, north western university press. Trent- University. P: 79.#
# Manzi, Yvonne (2013). “Jean-paul Sartre: Existential "freedom" and Political”. #
# E- International relation. University of Kent. Pp: 1,9.#
# Narasimhan, Niranjan: Bahskar, Kumar; Prakhya, srinivas (2010). Existential Belife and Values. Journal of Business Ethics. Pp: 369-382.#
# Olivier, Abraham (2018). the freedom of fasiticity, fort have university. Article in religions.mdpI, p: 4-5.#
# Oyeshile Alabi, olatunji (2004). Freedom and Human Value in Sartre's Existentialism an appraisal. University of Ibadan. P: 122.#
# Pojman, Lowsp (2000). The Moral life: an Introductory reader in Ethics and Literscture. Publisher newyork: oxford university press. P: 18.#
# RajKhowa, Pelly (2018). “Concept of freedom in Sartre's philosophy. Research scholar”, Center for studies in philosophy Dibrugarh University, Assam /Volume 6/ issue21.#
# Sandler, Ronald (2012). In Trinsic Value, Ecology, and Conservation/ Knowledge project/ nature Education knowledge, 3(1.).4. P: 2.#
# Sartre (a), Jean-paul (1965). The philososophy of Jean-paul Sartre. New York, random house. The modern Library, New York. P: 122, 175.#
# Sartre (b), Jean-paul (1965). Essays in Existentialism. Publisher; Secaucus, N.j: Citadel press. P: 8, 58, 413.#
# Sartre (1956). Being and Nothingness: an Essay on Phenomenological Ontology. philosophical Library New York.#
# Sartre (1995). Truth and Existence. Publisher: The University of Chicago press. Chicage and London. P: 28.#
# Sartre (1984). The war diaries of Jean-Paul Sartre. November 1939-March 1940. Publisher New York: Pantheon Books, Collection inlibrary; printdisabled; internetarchivebooks, Digitizing. Sponsor Kahle/Austin Foundation. Pp: 21, 103, 50.#
# Sartre (2012). Existentialism is a humanism, being and nothingness (excerpts)/ Phil 101/prof.oakes/ mark givegory oakes, Pp: 1-3.#
# Schroeder, mark (2021). Value Theory, the Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy. Department of philosophy, Stanford University Library of Congress. Catalog. Pp: 1, 20.#
# Vanello, Danie (2019). Sartre's Theory of Motivation / the southern journal of philosophy. University College Dublin. Final Draft. Forthcoming in southern Journal of Philosophy.#
# Wilcocks, Robert (1988). Critical Essays on jean-paul Sartre. Boston, Massa chusetts, G.K. Hall & Co. Pp: 30-31.#
# Zimmerman, michaelj (2019). Intrinsics. Extrinsic Value. The Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy /Library of Congress catalog /Stanford University. Department of philosophy.#
# Warnock, Mary (1967). Existentialist Ethics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Secaucus: Springer. Collection inlibrary; printdisabled; internetarchivebooks, Internet Archive. #
