-
Open Access Article
1 - Examining job opportunities and job creation through sports for graduates of fields related to physical education in Golestan province
Mohammad Beheshti Farideh BeheshtiObjective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effective factors in the employment of physical education graduates from the point of view of experts and graduates of Golestan province. Methods: The statistical population includes elites and professional MoreObjective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effective factors in the employment of physical education graduates from the point of view of experts and graduates of Golestan province. Methods: The statistical population includes elites and professionals involved in sports in the public and private sectors and physical education graduates. To collect information, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to determine its validity and reliability in the target population. Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data, so that to describe the qualitative traits of percentage and frequency, and the quantitative traits of the indices of tendency to center and dispersion, and inferential statistics (T-test) for analysis, Data analysis and interpretation were used. Results: The results showed that among the 37 factors affecting the employment of graduates in the province, the factors of per capita increase in sports facilities, general interest and family orientation towards sports, the presence of a young population and rich talents in the province, the emphasis of the third, fourth and fifth development programs on development Sports, increasing women's interest in sports, establishing clubs for various sports fields, building new sports halls and spaces in the province, the desire of talented students to study in the field of physical education, expanding graduate education courses, holding coaching and refereeing courses while studying. Most media's support for sports has had the greatest impact on the employment of graduates, and of course the politicization of sports has had a negative impact on their employment. Conclusions: Therefore, it is suggested that according to the policy of the country's development programs that it is not possible to attract this number of graduates in government and education institutions, entrepreneurship education is very necessary to create a new job market and sports services for this group of students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Justification of aviation sanctions in the light of general international law and international air law (Concepts, basics, classification and legitimacy)
Mehdi AliyariAviation sanctions are among the most widely used and oldest international sanctions. Despite the wide variety and scope of these sanctions compared to other common types of sanctions in the aviation field, these sanctions are considered to be the most effective type of MoreAviation sanctions are among the most widely used and oldest international sanctions. Despite the wide variety and scope of these sanctions compared to other common types of sanctions in the aviation field, these sanctions are considered to be the most effective type of sanctions on the aimed country, which in some cases have led to the isolation and paralysis of aviation in those countries. However, from the law point of view, it has received less attention from scholars than travel sanctions. The purpose of this article is to describe and explain by analytical-descriptive methods aviation sanctions in two fields of Public International Law and International Air Law in order to explain the legal content and nature and the conditions of their legitimacy. But before that, the author tries to define and explain the aviation sanctions based on the procedure of the United Nations, as well as international political actors, including the United States and the European Union, and the rules of International Law. These kinds of sanctions are that adopted collectively by the United Nations or other the International Organization and unilaterally by governments. The final conclusion of the article indicates the incompatibility of unilateral sanctions in the field of aviation with the provisions of the 1944 Chicago Convention, which has the status of the constitution in the international aviation community because it leads to the violation of this international instruments, which in turn is perceived "abuse of civil aviation" according to Article (4) of the mentioned Convention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Recombinant lactococcus, a new approach for oral vaccines
علی شریف زاده sara arti fatemeh shayestehRecombinant probiotics are increasingly acting as carriers for the expression and targeted delivery of recombinant or natural molecules to mucosal surfaces in nutrition and health. Probiotics-mediated delivery systems eliminate the need to purify molecules to a large ex MoreRecombinant probiotics are increasingly acting as carriers for the expression and targeted delivery of recombinant or natural molecules to mucosal surfaces in nutrition and health. Probiotics-mediated delivery systems eliminate the need to purify molecules to a large extent and make it possible to deliver molecules to the mucosa. The concept of biological medicine is the oral administration of living recombinant microorganisms for the prevention or treatment of various diseases. Lactococcus lactis is a gram-positive bacterium from the group of lactic acid bacteria. Lactococcus lactis has been used for centuries in food fermentation, especially cheese, yogurt, sauerkraut and the like. Therefore, it is generally recognized as a safe situation by the Food and Drug Organization. In this review article, review articles related to lactococcus and its wide application in oral vaccine production from 1998 to 2020 were collected. Accordingly, the following databases were searched. Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The keywords used in this study included "immunity, Lactococcus lactis and vaccine". Lactococcus lactis is generally recognized as safe and can be widely used in the food industry. Live recombinant Lactococcus lactis, as a biological drug, is administered orally as a live vaccine that expresses viral and bacterial antigens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluation of the impact of informal institutions on the creation of opportunistic entrepreneurship using the GMM method
Mahdie Maveddaty Taghi Torabi Mahmood Mahmoodzade Abass MemarnejadGiven the role of entrepreneurship in the economic development, many studies have been conducted on this field in recent years. The role of institutional environment in the implementation of entrepreneurial activities is an important issue in the field of entrepreneursh MoreGiven the role of entrepreneurship in the economic development, many studies have been conducted on this field in recent years. The role of institutional environment in the implementation of entrepreneurial activities is an important issue in the field of entrepreneurship. A great number of previous studies have investigated roles of formal institutional factors in the entrepreneurship phenomenon. Therefore, due to the importance of an informal institutional environment, the present research investigated roles of informal institutions in implementing entrepreneurial activities and the creation of opportunistic entrepreneurship by an institutional approach according to North's point of view and also studied informal institutional factors affecting opportunistic entrepreneurship activities in two categories namely social norms and individual self-confidence through data of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) using the generalized method of moment (GMM) for sixty countries in two developed and developing groups during 2009-2017. Research results indicated that the creation of opportunistic entrepreneurial activities significantly depends on the qualitative status of informal institutions. Therefore, these informal institutional factors should be considered alongside formal institutional factors in the entrepreneurial research and also designed programs for developing opportunistic entrepreneurship at the national level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Identifying & Factors Influencing Innovation in Military Unit
mehdi samimi seyed hasan hosseiniPurpose: Today, organizations are witnessing rapid and unpredictable changes in the environment, and the change in workforce lies in the heart of these developments. The aim of this study identify and investigated factors affecting the innovation in military Units and C MorePurpose: Today, organizations are witnessing rapid and unpredictable changes in the environment, and the change in workforce lies in the heart of these developments. The aim of this study identify and investigated factors affecting the innovation in military Units and Company. The perspective of this research is concerned with identifying factors affecting technological innovation can policy making in order to improve innovation in Military Units. Design/methodology/approach: For this purpose, after reviewing the literature and interview with experts, the factors affecting the development of technological innovation were categorized in two categories: internal factors and environmental factors. Findings: The results of this study indicates that in internal factors, human capital, system performance evaluation, corporate strategy, internal research and development, organizational culture, knowledge management and in environmental factors, strong and expertise clusters, collaboration with Other military units, contacts with universities and research centers, financing institutions have most impact on technological innovation in Military Units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Identifying the effect of uncertainty criteria in evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities in technology - based ( Case study : Software industry )
Shiva Mehdizadeh Aghdam Jahangir Yadollahi Farsi Imanipour nargesBackground: The decision to choose a suitable opportunity in uncertain conditions is a common problem for entrepreneurs. Due to the time delay between evaluating and exploiting opportunities, entrepreneurs ' information about opportunities is inaccurate and minimal. The MoreBackground: The decision to choose a suitable opportunity in uncertain conditions is a common problem for entrepreneurs. Due to the time delay between evaluating and exploiting opportunities, entrepreneurs ' information about opportunities is inaccurate and minimal. Therefore, understanding the nature and resources of uncertainty is the basis for entrepreneurial decisions and the main focus of entrepreneurship.Purpose: This study aims to identify measures of uncertainty in assessing entrepreneurial opportunities in business-oriented businesses with a mixed approach.Methods: The statistical population of research includes experts in the field of the software industry. The sampling method in this section was purposeful sampling which showed the collection of information, semi-structured interview, and questionnaire. Data analysis is done in the qualitative data section by coding and quantitative data analysis by weighting and analysis of variance and multi-criteria decision making.Findings and conclusion: uncertainty markers in this research are subject to six uncertainty sources, customer, agent, competitive, technological and political, and 29 initial codes, a schematic model of each element. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A Critique of neo- Classical Community Indifference Curve
اکبر NafariNeo- classical economists think there exists a social consensus among Individuals of society about what to be produced. Moreover, in order to draw community indifference curves, neo-classical economists assume that aggregate demand is independent of income distribution MoreNeo- classical economists think there exists a social consensus among Individuals of society about what to be produced. Moreover, in order to draw community indifference curves, neo-classical economists assume that aggregate demand is independent of income distribution and individuals have identical tastes. In this paper we discuss that aggregate demand is not Independent of income distribution and individuals have different tastes. In other words, individuals have non- homothetic and non- identical preferences. In this situation, indifference curves do not exist. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Effect of Environmental and Managerial Factors on Investment Mutual Funds' Return in Iran
Z. Poorzamani A. Rohy A.M. SafariThe capital market as a mirror of economy has different functions. One is to improve liquidity in themarket, which provides security for investors. Financial innovations for managing risks are aim toachieve this goal. Accordingly, various kinds of funds have been design MoreThe capital market as a mirror of economy has different functions. One is to improve liquidity in themarket, which provides security for investors. Financial innovations for managing risks are aim toachieve this goal. Accordingly, various kinds of funds have been designed to collect money fromnonprofessional investors in order to reduce risk and make a profit. In this study, we gathered datafrom 13 authorized mutual funds during a 65-week period . To examine the effect of variables on fundreturns, the Fama-MacBeth multilateral regression model was used. The parameters were estimatedusing a mixed panel-data model. Seven fundamental hypotheses were tested; three were disproved;and the rest were confirmed. The results show a meaningful and positive correlation between funds’ex-fluctuations of returns, last period return, age, assets turnover rate, and acquired return. However,no positive or meaningful correlation was found between assets under funds managers’ control, fundfees and charges, rate of injection of new money to funds, and the funds’ acquired returns Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigating of the effect of Iran Accounting Standards on Earnings response coefficient
Mohamad Reza Shoorvarzy Afsaneh Afrouzmaneshbecause of importance of accounting standards and earnings response coefficient, in thisresearch, a model has been presented according to the Iran Accounting Standards for evaluationEarnings response coefficient. Earnings response coefficient is one of the criteria that Morebecause of importance of accounting standards and earnings response coefficient, in thisresearch, a model has been presented according to the Iran Accounting Standards for evaluationEarnings response coefficient. Earnings response coefficient is one of the criteria that isimportant in the quality of accounting information, also it is a way that we can evaluate theearnings quality. The earnings response coefficient has been examined in two separated time,five years before implementing of accounting standards ( 1996 to 2000) and five years afterimplementing of accounting standards ( 2001 to 2005). for testing hypothesis , we usedcorrelation analysis test and variance analysis test.The results show that there is a significant difference between earnings response coefficientof companies before and after implementing of accounting standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Auditing management
امیر MosaviImprovement and growth in the activities of all organizations entails applying effective managerial tools. This articles tries to explain to control and guiding organizational objectives listed in articles of Association, Annual budgeting, etc. In this new area we sho MoreImprovement and growth in the activities of all organizations entails applying effective managerial tools. This articles tries to explain to control and guiding organizational objectives listed in articles of Association, Annual budgeting, etc. In this new area we shows How Auditing Management could be applicable in every organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Conformally invariant spin-32documentclass[12pt]{minimal} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{wasysym} usepackage{amsfonts} usepackage{amssymb} usepackage{amsbsy} usepackage{mathrsfs} usepackage{upgreek} setlength{oddsidemargin}{-69pt} egin{document}$$frac{3}{2}$$end{document} field equation in de Sitter space–time
N. Fatahi -
Open Access Article
12 - Utilizes the Community Detection for Increase Trust using Multiplex Networks
Rahimeh Habibi Ali Haroun Abadi -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluating Entrepreneurial Opportunities with Bibliometric Analysis Approach (2000-2022)
Shiva Mehdizadeh Aghdam Jahangir Yadollahi Farsi narges ImanipourBackground: Many entrepreneurial decisions depend on opportunity evaluation, the cornerstone of entrepreneurship. Time constraints and limited resources indicate the need to evaluate opportunities for entrepreneurial success. Misdiagnosis leads to a waste of time, energ MoreBackground: Many entrepreneurial decisions depend on opportunity evaluation, the cornerstone of entrepreneurship. Time constraints and limited resources indicate the need to evaluate opportunities for entrepreneurial success. Misdiagnosis leads to a waste of time, energy, and resources and increases the likelihood of failure.Objective: By reviewing the previous literature, this article examines research topics and theoretical foundations to evaluate entrepreneurial opportunities and ways to pursue different concepts.Methods: To improve the structure and content of this field, a variety of different concepts is provided by bibliometric analysis.Findings: Creating new insights into evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities and how to study them and previous research findings with a systematic, quantitative and holistic review. Bibliographic analysis in this research is used for future research orientations for developing literature evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities and creating a future research program to promote this field.Conclusion: Our results are in two parts. First, we present the statistical analysis of the bibliographic data set and explain the effect of co-citation analysis and clustering. Second, we categorize and review the conceptual definitions of opportunity evaluation based on their approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Strategies for Developing Sports Entrepreneurship Opportunities at The Macro Level
Taghi ashouri Morteza dosti Seyed Mohamad Hosein Razavi Abolhasan HoseiniBackground: In general, studies in the field of entrepreneurship show the strategies of entrepreneurial activities mainly by focusing on the category of opportunity and competitive advantage. For this reason, the dominant thinking in the entrepreneurial literature is en MoreBackground: In general, studies in the field of entrepreneurship show the strategies of entrepreneurial activities mainly by focusing on the category of opportunity and competitive advantage. For this reason, the dominant thinking in the entrepreneurial literature is entrepreneurial opportunity and the essence of strategic entrepreneurship is entrepreneurial opportunities it show. investigating approach for the development of sports entrepreneurship opportunities in a macro level. Methodology: The present study is a mixed method with semi-structured interviews to reach theoretical saturation and consensus in the qualitative section: 40 academic experts in entrepreneurship and sports management participated with purposive theoretical sampling. In the quantitative section: 164 sports entrepreneurs and postgraduate students of sports management were selected by random sampling. The research tools were semi-structured interviews and researcher-made interviews to determine the categories and model fit. Data analysis was performed using the partial least squares method with the analysis of variance-based statistical software "Smart PLS (3). Results: The model at the macro level: with 5 categories (economic, social, legal, political and cultural), respectively, were identified and ranked and the relationship between categories with the macro level structure is positive and significant (T ≤ 2.58) and the model (GOF = 0.727) was evaluated as strong. Conclusion: Based on the interview conducted in the qualitative section, strategies for developing entrepreneurial opportunities with a macro-level approach have been reported in five categories: economic, social, legal, political and cultural. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - the policy of entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry of East Azerbaijan province
Ruhollāh Mahdiluy Soleyman Iranzadeh Farzin Modarres khiyabani Naser FeghhiObjective: The purpose of this study was to design a model for identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry of East Azerbaijan province in order to develop the entrepreneurial policy.Methods: The research method was from the point of view of practic MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was to design a model for identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry of East Azerbaijan province in order to develop the entrepreneurial policy.Methods: The research method was from the point of view of practical-developmental goal and from the point of view of the method of mixed method,. The main data collection tool in this section was interview. In this section, a group of experts is used for interviews. Sampling in this section is done theoretically and sampling is continued until the theoretical saturation is reached. In the quantitative part, based on confirmatory factor analysis, the validation of the main themes has been done through sub-themes based on experimental data. In the second step, the quantitative part, based on the main themes, the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) method has been used to design a pattern for identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the tourism industry. The data collection tool in this section was a questionnaire. The statistical population of this section includes all managers of industries related to the tourism industry. The statistical sample size was determined using the Krejcie-Morgan table of 234 people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Investigating the Involvement of Customer Decision Making by Reflecting on the Synergistic Backgrounds of Brand Value, Brand Love, and Brand Identity in Online Brand Communities
mohamad Hadi Asgari Ali EinyObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the conflict between customer purchasing decision making and reflection on the synergistic antecedents of brand value, brand love and brand identity in online brand communities.Method: The present study is a descrip MoreObjective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the conflict between customer purchasing decision making and reflection on the synergistic antecedents of brand value, brand love and brand identity in online brand communities.Method: The present study is a descriptive-survey study based on the applied purpose. Customers and buyers of Digi Kala online store products were considered as a statistical population. A total of 384 people were selected based on Cochran's formula and available sampling method as the sample size of the research. Standard questionnaires were used to measure the research variables. The validity of the research instrument was confirmed using face validity, content and factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 0.7 for different structures confirmed their reliability. . Data analysis was performed by structural equation modeling using LISREL software.Findings: The research findings showed that brand identity has a positive and significant effect on brand love, brand value synergy and customer purchasing decision involvement. Love for the brand has a positive and significant effect on customer conflict decision making conflict. Synergy of brand value has a positive and significant effect on customer purchase decision conflict.Conclusion: The results indicate that brand identity by considering the mediating role of brand love and synergy of brand value have a significant effect on customer decision making conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Ethnography of women`s Audiences of the Seri of Omre Gol Lale»
سمانه مهرپرورIn this Article the way of female audiences’ perception and analysis of watching “Omer Gol Laleh” series is studied. There are three main questions that the study answered to: “what are the female audience’s reasons and motivations of watch MoreIn this Article the way of female audiences’ perception and analysis of watching “Omer Gol Laleh” series is studied. There are three main questions that the study answered to: “what are the female audience’s reasons and motivations of watching the "Omer Gol Laleh" series?”,“What is the female audience’s perception of the text of this series?” to Answer these questions the theories of “Perception”, “Active audiences”, “Media consumption and daily life”, “Community concept” and “Ritualization of society” is used. To study the audiences’ sociological behaviors and watching patterns, the “qualitative research” method and “depth interview” technique is used. The statistic sample of this research consists of 20 persons from the 20to 50 years-old- female audiences. The results show that the audiences chose this serial with different reasons such as becoming calm, escaping from difficulties, entertaining, and getting familiar with other cultures. According to their daily habits, Female audiences have different perception from this series. Constant watching of this series has made some opportunities to them to talk to each other about the series. Female audiences, with the help of the stories’ characteristics, released from their routine life and entered to an ideal one. Cooperating with the ideal life of the story is enjoyable for the female audiences. The imagination that exists in this series entered to their lives and finally became their ritual habit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Users' right to electronic surveillance and privacy in the information society
Omid Ali MasoudiBackground and purpose of the research: Protecting privacy and ensuring the right of users to electronic surveillance, requires users to know about this right. The purpose of this research is how to realize the right of users to electronic control of their information a MoreBackground and purpose of the research: Protecting privacy and ensuring the right of users to electronic surveillance, requires users to know about this right. The purpose of this research is how to realize the right of users to electronic control of their information and privacy. Research method: This research has been done with the documentary method (library) and with the technique of data collection by taking notes of the available effects on privacy and electronic surveillance of cyberspace users. Research results: One of the main reasons for violating the rights of users in their rights to monitor information is the lack of media literacy. This space is completed and defined Also, by increasing adherence to religion, it will be more likely to prevent the underlying factors of cybercrime, that is, people who have more adherence to religion will eliminate more underlying factors for the occurrence of cybercrimes. The right of users to spontaneous surveillance is in fact the right that is defined in privacy, and the right of users to spontaneous surveillance is the copyright that others must respect. The link can explain to a large extent the status of the laws enacted in the communities. Research indicates that it is more appropriate to protect the rights of users in the future of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Evaluation of the Supreme Leader's Remarks about Cyberspace After the Formation of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace
Mohammed Alvandi Neda SoleimaniThis paper aims to identify the approach of the Supreme Leader in the virtual space after the formation of the Supreme Council of cyberspace and identify opportunities and threats in cyberspace looked require his and identifying strengths and weaknesses internal to the MoreThis paper aims to identify the approach of the Supreme Leader in the virtual space after the formation of the Supreme Council of cyberspace and identify opportunities and threats in cyberspace looked require his and identifying strengths and weaknesses internal to the virtual space of their eyes and prioritize these issues experts look, has been developed. The study was evaluation of quantitative content analysis. The population, including statements by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamanei after the formation of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace. The findings show that the attitude indicator leader in virtual space, the resulting number is 0.09, which indicates a positive attitude and a weak leader to cyberspace. This means that although the space is an opportunity but his statements implied that the cyber threats to our society is more chances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Comparative approach to media literacy in developing countries
Seyed Gholamreza FalsafiIn the present era of information and communication revolution pervades geographical boundaries and dramatic changes hasbeen created in the global arena, media can be such a useful tool to help the modern man have desired life, ideals and fruitfulusing the latest scient MoreIn the present era of information and communication revolution pervades geographical boundaries and dramatic changes hasbeen created in the global arena, media can be such a useful tool to help the modern man have desired life, ideals and fruitfulusing the latest scientific phenomena; furthermore, if the tool is used incorrectly or in bad faith can act as a devastating andcatastrophic force. To have audience will be able to protect themselves against media destructive consequences andchallenges in life alongside present plural media by enjoyment of well informed and actively media should create newliteracy that is called by the name of media literacy. Literacy media in addition to considerable ability in traditional literacythat is reading and writing skills creates the ability to analyze and evaluate messages and data transmission to others invarious formats and by different instruments in man. It also enables people to understand media work procedure and howmeaning it, i.e. the nature and purposes of media produced messages and effects and techniques of various media which makehim out of the mere consumerism and resist him against the damaging effects of the media.To clarify this issue, the study seeks to answer the question that what is approach of media literacy in developing countries?In this research, comparative study is used based on library and document method using information written resources,documents and valid scientific evidence needed to answer the research question were collected and presented. The author hastried to represent the approach of developed countries such as UK, Canada, Japan and the United States to promote medialiteracy in their communities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Comparing the Practice of Advocacy Planning with Reference to Community Development Plan in the United States of America, Britain and Iran
Roozbeh Zamanian Pouya Joudi gol lar Peyman Zadebagheri Mohamad Taghi PirbabaeiRadical analysts have interpreted planning an act of servin the interests of the capital and a disadvantage for community members. Planning has always been busy with making decisions between different goals and interests, private intrests against public intrests, short- MoreRadical analysts have interpreted planning an act of servin the interests of the capital and a disadvantage for community members. Planning has always been busy with making decisions between different goals and interests, private intrests against public intrests, short-term intrest against long-term intrest, economic intrest against social intrests and so on. Therefor to determine what provides the public intrests has always been a confilicting issue. Planning needs to have the ability to play a role as a government, groups and organization advocates or people who have suggestions for the future of the society in order to administer practical ways to achieve an idea future. This duty needs a collective decision making and participations of defferent groups in planning. Indeed planners are the social advocates that in the struggle of the forces and interests of different social groups move toward juctice and equality, which requires the public to provide the basics for the society to offer equal opportunities to all citizens. Therefor a need for intelligent planning that determines new economic goods and tools to achieve them is abrious and necessary. After the industry revolution and the physical changes of the cities, which was orginated from the new system of the social labor division and the necessity of organizing the undesirable conditions a targeted usage of the sources to control and guide the socirty was demanded. The speed and extent of developments in science caused the creation of a comprehensive belief in the field of rationality that was considered as a basic of concept of a scientific planning to control development. A method that based on logical reasoning knew that logical positivism is the basic of planning and accepted planning to be free of values like othere sciences. The goal of this article is to explain the advocacy planning approach and its themes of practice in Iran, United states and United kingdom and to compare their theoretical and practical experences on the advocacy planning approach. There are five stages to reach this gaol. The first stage explains the advocacy planning theory theory and compares it with the rational-cmprehensive approach, and studies its appearing themes and discusses the necessity of the thought of polarism in advocacy planning. The last stege is exploring the criticisms on the advocacy planning approach. The second stage is the study of the practice of advocacy planning, in the United States, and the reasons of the appearance of it in the United Statesis being tracked the programs based on the community development and their features are introduced. The Third stage is the study of the appearance of the advocacy planning in the United Kingdom and the reasons of the consideration of the aid planning in the planning and the social development programs of the United Kingdom, is explained. In the fourth stage studies, the thermes of the practice of advocacy planning approach in Iran and tracks its mechanism. And the last stage compares the mechanism and practices of the advocacy planning approaches explained in the last three stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Evaluation of Sense of Community in Residential Complexes (Case study: Saidyeh complex of Hamadan)
راضیه اسفندیاری صدق مهرداد کریمی مشاور گلرخ دانشگر مقدمAbstract Community architecture, as a novel approach in architecture, has changed throughout ages. This approach has many concepts which have increased and decreased during the times, but the main concept of community architecture has always been the indirect participa MoreAbstract Community architecture, as a novel approach in architecture, has changed throughout ages. This approach has many concepts which have increased and decreased during the times, but the main concept of community architecture has always been the indirect participation of people in designing. Also, public spaces and stability have recently been added to these new parameters. Among three approaches available in the architecture including political, social and psychological ones, the one that is strongly related to community architecture is a fundamental aspect named sense of community. Sense of community is often defined as a feeling of belonging to a group of members. A feeling that shows the members matter to one another and to the group, and a common faith that ensures that the members needs will be met through their commitment to a unity. Sense of community has two important parts. The first part is individual and the second part is collective. Gender, age, education, level of income and ownership are related to the individual level, while membership, influence, Integration and fulfillment of needs, shared emotional connection are related to the collective part. Public spaces are the most important spaces which could increase the sense of community. They are recognized as being accessible to all groups, providing freedom of action for users. Some changes in modern society may lead to a decrease in the sense of community in public spaces of residential complexes. For instance, most of the people do not like to be present in public spaces for participating and using of facilities of them, or technology and media prevent people from being together. In this new condition, the sense of community will slowly disappear. This is a big problem for all countries all over the world. Identifying and creating the conditions that foster and strengthen sense of community within public spaces of residential complex is an important task for us. We can make suitable conditions to encourage people for coming in public spaces of residential complex and share their needs and beliefs through designing methods. The reduction in this context could be empowered by the presence and participation of people. Thus, we classify our data in two tables. The first table shows design methods in community design with behavioral patterns and performance of spaces, and in the second table some methods for making better facilities to public spaces of residential complex presents have been presented. The only residential complex with public spaces in Hamadan is Saidyeh complex. We have divided the site of this complex into some parts, and observe them for 5 months. 65 persons were randomly selected and interviewed about their needs. A table is drawn according to performance of spaces, behavioral patterns, designing methods and style of investigation (interview or observation). This study aims at examining the collected information through a qualitative method and evaluates the selected samples (through targeted sampling) and compares them with table of designed parameters. As a result, we concluded that the climate and culture could affect community architecture in Hamadan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Spatial Orientation of the Manifestation of Unity in Multiplicity in the Architecture of Traditional Houses in Shoushtar: Case Study Aminzadeh House and Gazor House
alireza taghizadeh Vida TaghvaeiOne of the main trends of Iranian-Islamic architecture is unity in multiplicity that can be defined clearly in traditional houses in the particular relation between the part and the whole. In the Iranian-Islamic architecture, each element, form or space can be understoo MoreOne of the main trends of Iranian-Islamic architecture is unity in multiplicity that can be defined clearly in traditional houses in the particular relation between the part and the whole. In the Iranian-Islamic architecture, each element, form or space can be understood in isolation, or in combination as a concept. This is clearly reflected on the spatial organization of the Iranian houses as the principle of spatial orientation, which has been revealed in different ways in the architecture of the traditional houses in Shoushtar. The purpose of this research is to investigate the manifestation of unity in multiplicity in architecture that plays an effective role in creating the harmony between the fabric and meaning in the spatial organization of the houses in Shoushtar. This research has been conducted in two domains: the first covers the related topics of Islamic theoretical foundations such as the principle of unity, and the second includes the criteria and indices of spatial orientation in the spatial organization of the architecture of the houses in Shoushtar. The research has employed a mixed method with a qualitative approach which uses content analysis to systematically analyze texts and writings. In this way, library research has been used for collecting theoretical data. Accordingly, concepts such as the spatial orientation of the manifestation of unity principle have been analyzed as the theoretical basis of the research. In the second domain, the architecture of the houses in Shoushtar, including Aminzadeh House and Gazor House has been explained and analyzed in a table according to the theoretical foundations of the research, such as the spatial orientation. The results show that the single layer structure of the houses as the thermal element has been one of the main features of the main axis of the houses in Shoushtar, which has led to the presentation of a Shadadi Iwan as a space with various climatic, biological and communicational functions along the main axis of the house. Therefore, it is suggested that the future studies consider the central spatial system in the spatial organization of the traditional houses and the effect of light on the formation of open, semi-open and closed spaces around the main axis of the houses and its role in the way of space arrangement in the spatial organization of the modern houses so that the criteria derived from these studies would affect the development of the rules and guidelines for the design of house architecture in Shoushtar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Proposed Model of User Participation in Programming Process of the Community School (Case Study: Omolbanin Primary School at Mollasadra neighborhood in Isfahan)
leila afroozeh Mahmoud Reza SaghafiToday, community participation is a topic that has been considered globally, especially in the field of architecture programming. Participatory approaches in architecture have been noticed during the last two decades. Many studies show that paying attention to the use MoreToday, community participation is a topic that has been considered globally, especially in the field of architecture programming. Participatory approaches in architecture have been noticed during the last two decades. Many studies show that paying attention to the users' demands increases the chance of success in a design, because they are more aware of their needs than those who look situated outside of the story. A few research, have studied users' participation during the process of school design. Lack of knowledge about the benefits of this approach and the limitation of funds are the reasons that this approach has not been considered by responsible organizations in our country.The dissatisfaction of most users about school architecture and its disability to fulfill some of the educational needs in most of the schools shows the importance of utilizing this approach in Iran. Nowadays there is a gap between opinion of school users and its planners (and or designers). So it seems essential that school programming should achieve by accompany of the community. The aim of this study is to reach to participatory programming of the community school and presentation of users' participation, as a proposed model. In this regard, the users' opinion of Omolbanin primary school and residents of the Mollasadra neighborhood has been used by participatory tools; including participatory groups (parents, teachers & students), interview and questionnaire (13 questionnaire by teachers & 87 questionnaire by parents & residents). In the first stage, two questionnaires were set up. The number of completed questionnaires by teachers was 13. Of the 272 distributed questionnaires, between parents and residents, 103 completed questionnaires were delivered to the authors. Of these, 16 were not credible. Therefore, according to 87 questionnaires, information on architectural programming was obtained, such as identifying the needs of the community and identifying the shortages at the school and neighborhood. After analyzing and evaluating the questionnaire, the process of participation began through team working. These workshops were divided into three groups of parents, teachers and students. Each workshop was began with a brief overview of the goals and displaying photos of successful schools, trying to break down the usual forms of participants' mental imagery. At the main stage, they were asked to describe the elements of their desirable school with details, which resulted in the extraction of codes through relations of spaces and physical elements. According to the extracted codes at each stage and the matching of the participants' planning ideas with the educational environment criteria, the architectural programming table was set. This qualitative research using a descriptive-analytical method for data analysis, and a library method, as well as interview and questionnaire in field survey as tools for data collection. The findings leads to setting the table based on received factors. The result of this study is presentation of the proposed model of user participation in programming process of the community school that it can be effective in recognizing the actual needs of users and increasing user satisfaction in learning environment design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The Effect of "Type of Space Syntax" on "Socialization" of Social Centers from the Perspective of Levinas's "Face-to-Face" Moral Philosophy
Ali Asghar Malek Afzali Nahid Amini SoudkolaeiOne of the problems of today is the separation of different social groups from one another and is disregard to Ignore different social layers. Weakness that has the effect of increasing day-to-day living and reducing social life and communal ethics. The present study, u MoreOne of the problems of today is the separation of different social groups from one another and is disregard to Ignore different social layers. Weakness that has the effect of increasing day-to-day living and reducing social life and communal ethics. The present study, using Levinas's philosophy that emphasizes one's face-to-face with another, offers a kind of ethical phenomenology. What sort of spatiality can Levinas's desired socialization in design a social center to meet?The basis of ethics in Levinas's philosophy is the asymmetry of the moral relation between subjects and the prohibition of any moral debt. In a relationship asymmetry, not all matters are subject to the same principles and tasks. An infinite notion of the other is a model for the subject's right relationship with another and creates a countless sense of responsibility for him. Face-to-face with another human being is a rebirth and an unpredictable and transcendent experience for him. This face-to-face, if confronted visage-to-visage, which is inherently peaceful and friendly, leads to dialogue, to the teaching of reason, and to the community that Levinas is considering. Finally, general issues raised by Levinas's face-to-face thinking include intuitive perception, being evasive, and asymmetrically intersubjective.Attention to the relationships and interactions of different social groups is essential to understanding individual, social, and preternatural concerns and needs for growth and prosperity. The purpose of the research is to approach design qualities that incorporate them into social centers to enable interactions with daily life for a wider community. In this regard, the components of socialization as a dependent variable and the components of syntax as independent change are reviewed and based on Levinas's ethical perspective, three different scenarios of syntax components are designed in the virtual environment. Then, by formulating an observation and interviewing program based on the components of socialization, the data were collected at the sequential level from the group that navigated the virtual scenarios. They were analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. To construct scenarios, the syntax components include "relevance", "cohesion", "depth", "choice" and "control". The use of scenario building is based on the experience of Lange 3, which in its research for a possible future change of the current status of a pavement in a rural landscape, provides three scenarios of agriculture, recreation, and nature conservation as a virtual model and animates the participants. Finally, explored participants' viewpoints for their research on how to prepare and deliver simulations for stakeholder engagement (Longe & Longe, 2017).The results show that applying the formative qualities in Scenario 3, which has been attempted to be most consistent with Levinas's thought, can be efficient in enhancing the socialization of space. Scenario 1 also managed to gain some of the second ranks, but Scenario 2 is not recommended for sociable spaces. Thus, it turns out that a scenario in which the qualities of transactionality, complexity, and ease of use, disorder, and uncontrollability have been used, have greater potential for Levinas's desired socialization in social center designs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Toward a Theory of Community Capital
Hooshang Amirahmadi This paper argues that globalization has localized its polarization effects and operational requirements largely because of growing significance of information technology and the emergence of knowledge-based, or “learning,” communiti More This paper argues that globalization has localized its polarization effects and operational requirements largely because of growing significance of information technology and the emergence of knowledge-based, or “learning,” communities. This paper proposes “community capital” an organizing concept for the field of community development. While the concept of capital is not new, “community capital” is novel in that it is larger than the sum total of economic capital, human capital, social capital, physical capital, digital capital and the like. The concept brings together the core concepts of the four disciplinary pillars of planning – matter, value, institutions, and space -- into a single interdisciplinary conceptual framework. Thus, applying the concept of community capital helps resolve a key cause of the failure of territorial planning. The paper then examines the concept of “community capital” by underscoring its key advantages. First, “community capital” has a built-in spatial dimension, but here “space is community,” and as such it is an element of societal unity. Second, the societal concept of space allows for time-space integration, creating the context for material, social, institutional, and spiritual advancement of community life. And third, the built-in capital conception of “community capital” captures the significance of many otherwise underutilized and embedded community assets, including the non-codified knowledge that is often exchanged at various community places and gatherings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Evaluating the Degree of Relation of Residential Satisfaction with House, Neighbor Unit and Neighborhood Variables (Case Study: Farabi Physicians’ Residential Complex)
Mohammad Hadi Ghiyaei Sharareh Azimi Pooyanian ShahabianThe researchers of residential environments pay attention to three key factors of choice, satisfaction, and behavior. Among these factors, residential satisfaction is considered an important criterion affecting the life of people and in assessing the quality of the resi MoreThe researchers of residential environments pay attention to three key factors of choice, satisfaction, and behavior. Among these factors, residential satisfaction is considered an important criterion affecting the life of people and in assessing the quality of the residence. According to the results of different researches, the residential satisfaction theory has been formed around the difference between real life of families and what they wish as conditions and situation of residential units and their surrounding areas. In other words, the base and main essence of this theory is paying attention simultaneously to wishes, needs, and desires of the residents. Present study tries to review existing different theories and definitions and enumerate the important factors affecting the residential satisfaction which generally speaking consists of housing, neighbor units and neighborhood along with a list of less important variables and indexes. Then, Maria Amerigo and House Choosing Conceptual Model for determining the residential satisfaction questionnaire studied and after dealing with the objective and subjective features of residing area, the needed general topics for designing residential satisfaction questionnaire are explained. The world experience of Malaysia is analyzed and then, based on resulted variables, the degree of residential satisfaction of residents of Farabi Physicians’ Residential Complex is given in frame of three categories, namely, housing, common parts, and residential neighborhood. Finally, conclusions are presented and based on the conclusion; a combined definition of residential satisfaction is presented. The conceptual model is based on analytical, descriptive, and experimental methodology. Its content structure too consists of reviewing different presented definitions, theories and models and analyzing some cases related to residential satisfaction, ‘distributing questionnaires between 120 families residing in Farabi Physicians’ Residential Complex, analyzing the gathered information by using SPSS software, and using the gathered information for determining the factors and variables which are effective in explanation of a suitable definition of this concept. The type of research is fundamental of theoretical-experimental category. Furthermore, it must be noted that in section dealing with world experiment, the residential satisfaction resulted from low-priced residences of Malaysia has been analyzed for finding out other general and trivial variables which impact the degree of residential satisfaction, in selecting the studied case, intentionally a complex has been chosen that its residents ate enjoying social welfare. The conclusion will show the critical factors which affect the degree of residential satisfaction in the view of Farabi Physicians’ Residential Complex (objective and subjective perception of the residents) and will point at instances which may be neglected in questionnaires and library studies. According to the results, the important factors which affect the degree of residential satisfaction include individual and behavioural features of residing individuals, simultaneous attention to subjective and objective features of surrounding environment, social, cultural, and economic factors, physical features of houses and society, particulars of residential unit, neighbor unit, and surrounding area, and most importantly, the wishes and needs. Considering the commonality of some variables which affect the residential satisfaction degree, many of these factors follow the socio-cultural features of the studied country and society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Evaluating the Consideration of Signi!cance and Role of Sustainable Neighborhood Planning in Hierarchy of U.D.P (Case Study: Strategic/Structural Plan of Tehran)
rama Ghalambor DezfoolySustainability has been a ‘buzz’ word for the last three decades in the environmental and planning literature, conveying a multitude of meanings, that are often divergent, to a variety of individuals, professions, interest groups, governmental agencies and p MoreSustainability has been a ‘buzz’ word for the last three decades in the environmental and planning literature, conveying a multitude of meanings, that are often divergent, to a variety of individuals, professions, interest groups, governmental agencies and political leaders, NGOs and grassroots organizations. As the broad concept of sustainability has evolved, one of its derivatives is sustainable neighbourhoods. Sustainable neighbourhood is a systematic concept, inter-relating the social, environmental, economic, and governance aspects. In urban literatures, many reasons describe as community planning scale importance such as community as a cultural infrastructure and social capital. Also this scale of planning is the one most important subject in environmental psychology. But how to apply these concepts from theory to practice, in a correct and efficient way, remains to be the essential question. In recent decades, spatial planning and master plans seem to develop to maintain neighbourhood importance in planning and directing local development in this way into the new century. What mentioned above is sensible in urban plans statements of developed countries such as political leadership in strategic planning to provide a context for effective development; or integration between regional, urban and neighbourhood planning, and between strategic planning, development control and master planning. Currently, we have also a new paradigm in urban development plan for Tehran as the biggest city and capital of Iran. This plan has entitled as Tehran strategic/structural plan. But government and urban management in Tehran may confess to inefficiency of that plan in future if they don’t consider to the issues such as neighbourhood planning, local context and public participation. On the other hand, despite numerous efforts by experts and governments, in Iran we face with much inefficient urban plans, due to lack of consideration for people needs and the role of different interest groups. In this article objectives are threefold: The first is defining sustainable community and its characteristics for opening view to major subject of paper; the second is trying to define the role and importance of sustainable neighbourhoody planning in hierarchy of urban development plans based on literature produced at the international level and new paradigm of spatial planning. Thirdly with regard to the role of sustainable neighbourhoody planning play in the future try to evaluate Tehran strategic/structural plan from point of view of its role to set sustainable neighbourhood planning in its structure as a part of urban development plan. The paper concludes that governments must set and define appropriate role for neighbourhood planning in hierarchy of urban development plans. This is resulted from neighbourhood planning efficiency to improve qualitative parameters such as public participation, sense of place and identity. These parameters play important role in achieving sustainability of place and can be better sense in neighbourhood scale. Finally, in case of consideration of neighbourhood planning in a critical aspect about Tehran strategic/structural plan, features of this plan compare with new paradigm of urban development plans in the world,. This comparison shows that there is not enough consideration for neighbourhood planning in Tehran strategic/structural plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Study on the Approaches of Sustainable Concepts and Primary Paradigms In!uencing the Contemporary Community Designing
Maryam Singery Seyed Majid Mofidi ShemiraniThe hasty urbanism of twentieth century has been followed by various types of pollutions and present environmental changes that within this process, cities were both faulty and damaged. During the last years, the urban theoreticians and designers have thought of finding MoreThe hasty urbanism of twentieth century has been followed by various types of pollutions and present environmental changes that within this process, cities were both faulty and damaged. During the last years, the urban theoreticians and designers have thought of finding or identifying the possible sustainability backgrounds and sustainable developments in executable smaller scale, i. e. development of communities among which not only are regarded as refuges or shelters but also consists of a net of supports and social opportunities for a series of widespread leisure time, cultural and economic activities. A sustainable community seeks the increasing of social interaction and people involvement in affairs. Ecological approach toward the designing of residential spaces will originate novel views in the urban literature of twenty first century. Such a process strives for the settlement of an interaction among the human and nature-built residential complexes. It has been decided to seek in this article the answer to this problem that what criterions have been adopted toward the primary paradigms of community designing in modern cities or the redevelopment of the Brown fields and are theses paradigms in congruency with the concepts of sustainability. This is a documentary study of theories of primary paradigms, a comparative study of first and second half of the twentieth century which implies that the adopted process for the creation of the self-reliant residential complexes to form and settle the social institution has endured within the second half. Primary models of community have designed in the first half of the twentieth century which its idea was to create the residential complexes to shape and settle the social institution in an urban environment. Two conceptual models of this period were considered as the most common scales of community design up to the Second World War. They presented two different ways which were followed by one general goal and that were coming back to a self-dependent community. Primary models of community design in the second half of twentieth century Physical dispersion of cities social structure downfall, insecurity of the community unsuitable use of the earth and quality decline of urban environment are part of city problems within this period. Mutual function of these paradigms with protection of ecosystems brings up the paradigms based on sustainable development. It seems that sustainable concepts have been gone from the urban village movement and are completed by new urbanism model and the related models which have been manifested within the models of eco village and smart growth. The sustainable able scales are used in the models of eco village and smart growth and have direct relationship with the sustainable community principle. Energy index is one these scales based on the optimized used of fossil fuels and its replacement by type of renewable energies. Smart growth paradigms are combined with the principles of sustainability and are occasionally mingled with them. Considering the attitude toward globalization represent the adaptations of the community designing paradigms of the twenty-first century in the contemporary movements of eco village and energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Assessing Community Architecture Based on SCI (Case Study: Child-friendly City-BAM)
Hamed Kamelnia Seyed Gholamreza Islami Pirooz HanachiUser participation in many projects, couldn't reach to important outcomes and in spite of many researches, there is a real tendency for architects to do it. One of the most important reasons for this is lack of assessing and analyzing the participatory projects. Today, MoreUser participation in many projects, couldn't reach to important outcomes and in spite of many researches, there is a real tendency for architects to do it. One of the most important reasons for this is lack of assessing and analyzing the participatory projects. Today, usage of community architecture is broader than participatory architecture. Community architecture is a recent approach of achievements by community groups who have been effective in shaping their environment. The term community is used in different ways but two major use are more important: first is the territorial and geographical notion of community-neighborhood, town, and city. The second is relational concerned with quality of character of human relationship without reference to location. Community Architecture consider to cultural values and behavioral needs of community to improve the quality of the built environment. Different typology of participation exist through a participatory process:”self-mobilization”, “giving information”, ”consultative design”, ”functional participation”, ”interactive participation”, “regionalism” and “interpretive participation”. Current state of the literature shows tow approaches: first: sociological approach that searching for local community functioning and second: psychological approach that focus on psychological sense of community. Sense of community (SC) factor is a useful assessing tool to find out outcomes of community participation. SC (sense of community) factors have four elements: 1-membership; 2-influence; 3-integration & fulfillment of needs; and 4-shared emotional connection. One of the participatory projects in this case, is child-friendly City of BAM. The CFC project in BAM (after destroyable earthquake 2003 in BAM, IRAN) was searching the main factors that make a city child friendly. Based on this goal, some workshops were hold at 2004 and children participated in order to form their environment. The workshops focused on community participation, using children as key planners of their own environment from city planning to design a school .in these workshops, children participated with some tools such as drawing, role playing, puzzle, workshops, behavioral mapping, etc. After 5 years later, a POE was held to assessing on the projects (dream school). The result shows little relation between children ideas and the built school. Children priorities to design their school is differ to architect priorities and the built environment is not outcome of children participation and their needs and dreams but there is a relation between SCI factors and children participation. A correlation research method shows that there is a meaningful relation between SCI factors and participation of users (children) in design process of architecture. On the other hand, existing sense of community factors (in case BAM, this is because of earthquake) among users is a necessary condition to use participatory methods in architectural design process. Studies of child friendly city project in BAM (post earthquake) shows that we can reach the proper goals of community participation in the built environment, not only by accurate participatory tools, methods and levels, but also with existence of sense of community among the users. So, today new paradigms of community participation in design process is based on SC factors and fostering sense of community among users can provide better context to reach aims of community design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - An Analysis of the Influencing Factors on Dwelling System of the Fishing Community on the Bank of Karnaphuli, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Sarah Binte Haque Tandra Das -
Open Access Article
32 - An Analytical Study on the Principle of Unity in Historical Neighborhoods (Case study: Sarshoor Neighborhood, Mashhad City, Iran)
Amidoleslam Saghatoleslami -
Open Access Article
33 - Drivers of Gated Community developments in Urban Areas: The Case of Nairobi, Kenya
Juliet Muiga Robert Wambugu Rukwaro -
Open Access Article
34 - Emerging Mosque Architecture (New Architectural vocabulary in Secular Nepal)
Bijaya K. Shrestha Sushmita Shrestha -
Open Access Article
35 - Integrating Vertical Farms To Mixed-Use Commercial Residential Condominium To Establish Sustainable Vertical Communities In Davao City
Jean Marie Villamor Juanga -
Open Access Article
36 - Housing the Urban Poor in Nigeria through Community Participation Using Lessons from Nairobi Kenya
Olatunde Folaranmi Adedayo -
Open Access Article
37 - Community Participation: The Lost Link of the Rural Informal Settlements Relocation Projects, Kerman Province, Iran (Case Studies: Band-Chah-Reza Village, Chah-Dad-Khoda Village, Ghassem-Abad Village and Shahid-Karami-Shadab Village)
Seyed Amirhossein Garakani -
Open Access Article
38 - Evaluating the Satisfaction Rate of Low-Income Communities about Low-Cost Housing (Case Study: Abadeh Mehr Housing in Iran)
Seyed Kamal Aldin Shahriari Ali Karimzadeh Shahrzad Shahriari -
Open Access Article
39 - Investigating of Residents Empowering in Physical and Environmental Improvements in Informal Settlements (Case Study: Nodeh Community, Mashhad, Iran)
Behzad Alipoor Hadi Sarvari -
Open Access Article
40 - Unsustainability of Urban Community, An Analysis to Urban Heterogeneous Area in Urban Fabric (Case Study: North Parts of Tehran)
Farah Habib Arash Baghdadi -
Open Access Article
41 - Explaining theComponents of Sustainability in Urban Communities
Hamed Moztarzadeh Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Vahideh Hodjati -
Open Access Article
42 - Greenway Pedestrian Design in order to Rejoin the divided Urban Zones through the Brownfield Regeneration (Case Study: Tehran District 17- from Shahid Bradaran-e-Hosseini St. to Yaft Abad St.)
Yasmin Mirzai Fereshteh Habib Kianoush Suzanchi -
Open Access Article
43 - Marginalization and Urban Crisis in City of Ilam
Mir Najaf Mousavi Hasan Hekmat Nia Mohamad Maleki Mousa Maleki Pour -
Open Access Article
44 - The establishment of sports rights federation is the necessity of today's sports community
mohammadreza akhgar mohammad Nikravan Keivan Shabani moghadam Ezzatullah Shah mansuriReview:Considering the expansion and professionalization of sports activities as well as the access of the country's sports to international arenas and the legal imperialism of the CAC Court, which has accelerated all aspects of sports; It is necessary to protect the ri MoreReview:Considering the expansion and professionalization of sports activities as well as the access of the country's sports to international arenas and the legal imperialism of the CAC Court, which has accelerated all aspects of sports; It is necessary to protect the rights of the sports family at the national and international levels; As the Medical Federation provides medical services to athletes; An independent federation can support athletes by providing legal services in the field of sports activities inside and outside the country.Due to the legal problems surrounding the country's sports, which unfortunately oftenlead to the condemnation of individuals, teams and sports federations at the international level, and generally lead to excessive costs on athletes, coaches, managers and sports federations, and this is a threat. It has become a great sport for the country and its media coverage and fringes have provided the ground for despair and hopelessness among athletes and managers.It seems that this important thing will be achieved with the establishment of the Sports Law Federation; The Legal Federation will definitely plan and implement international sports laws and general laws of the country to identify crimes and violations and then provide preventive solutions such as holding training courses, explaining the rules, preventing violations, corruption in sports, etc. to develop a scientific culture in management Crime prevention and accident reduction.As the results of the present study introduce this important "necessity of establishing a sports law federation" as an effective and efficient institution is a necessity of today's sports community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Sharp bounds of the norm of pre-Schwarzian of some certain starlike functions
Hesam MahzoonLet $Delta$ be the open unit disc in the complex plane $mathbb{C}$, i.e. $Delta={zin mathbb{C}:|z|< 1}$ and $mathcal{H}(Delta)$ be the class of functions that are analytic in $Delta$.Also, let $mathcal{A}subset mathcal{H}(Delta)$ be the class of functions that have t MoreLet $Delta$ be the open unit disc in the complex plane $mathbb{C}$, i.e. $Delta={zin mathbb{C}:|z|< 1}$ and $mathcal{H}(Delta)$ be the class of functions that are analytic in $Delta$.Also, let $mathcal{A}subset mathcal{H}(Delta)$ be the class of functions that have the following Taylor--Maclaurin series expansionbegin{equation*} f(z)=z+sum_{n=2}^{infty} a_nz^nquad(zinDelta).end{equation*}Thus, if $finmathcal{A}$, then it satisfies the following normalized conditionbegin{equation*} f(0)=0=f'(0)-1.end{equation*}The set of all univalent (one--to--one) functions $f$ in $Delta$ is denoted by $mathcal{U}$. Also, we denote by $mathcal{LU}subset mathcal{H}$ the class of all locally univalent functions in $Delta$. Let $f$ and $g$ belong to class $mathcal{H}(Delta)$. Then we say that a function $f$ is subordinate to $g$, written bybegin{equation*} f(z)prec g(z)quad{rm or}quad fprec g,end{equation*}begin{linenomath}if there exists a Schwarz function $w$ with the following propertiesbegin{equation*} w(0)=0quad{rm and}quad |w(z)|0}$, $varpi(0)=1$ and $varphi'(0)>0$. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Ranking Decision Making units in Data Envelopment Analysis based on cooperative games
sanaz asadi rahmati Reza FallahnejadEvaluation of decision-making units is very importantin economic and management systems. Data envelopment analysis is one of the scientific and practical techniques for evaluating decision making units. In the conventional models of data envelopment analysis, the units MoreEvaluation of decision-making units is very importantin economic and management systems. Data envelopment analysis is one of the scientific and practical techniques for evaluating decision making units. In the conventional models of data envelopment analysis, the units are divided into efficient and inefficient categories, where the efficiency of each efficient unit is one and there is no distinction between efficient units.This study intends to propose a new way of ranking efficient units based on the concepts of cooperative game. The proposed method is that efficient units are considered as players of a cooperative game. A subset of these players is defined as the coalitionS.Then the sum of the efficiency of the inefficient units according to the production possibility set that is created by the inefficient units and the members of the coalitionS is defined as the characteristic function of S, which is used to determine the marginal effect of the efficient units in the various coalitions. Finally, the Shapley value is used to determine the cooperative game solution and rank the efficient units.In the same way that it is able to rank non-extreme units, inefficient units are also effective in ranking, alsois feasiblein any circumstances of return to scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Reflexivity of Cowen-Douglas Operators
Ali Kashkooly zahra fatahiFor a connected open subset Ω of the plane and n a positive integer, let B_n (Ω) be the Cowen-Douglas class of operators. In this article, for a special case of Ω, we show that if T∈B_n (Ω) and its canonical model is a Von Neumann operator, then T is reflexive.In t MoreFor a connected open subset Ω of the plane and n a positive integer, let B_n (Ω) be the Cowen-Douglas class of operators. In this article, for a special case of Ω, we show that if T∈B_n (Ω) and its canonical model is a Von Neumann operator, then T is reflexive.In the main theorem of this paper we assume that the adjoint of the canonical model associated with g.B.K is a Von Neuman operator. We may replace this by the assumption that ‖M_P ‖≤c‖P‖_Ω or ‖M_P ‖=c‖P‖_Ω for every polynomial P. Actually K is the reproducing kernel for a coanalytic functional Hilbert space K on which we can define the operator M_z^* of multiplication byz.Note that if K is stricly positive kernel function on Λ, it gives rise to a functional Hilbert space on Λ with reproducing kernel K.A bounded linear operator T is said to be Von Neumann if the C^*-algebra generated by T is a Von Neumann algebra. We must point out that the operators of Cowen-Douglas class is not reflexive in general, since every operator of this class is unitarily equivalent to the adjoint of non-reflexive operator multiplication by Z ̅. We need to impose the additional conditions for reflexivity of T. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Improvment Upper Bound of the Independence Nnmber of Maximum Independent Set in Unit Disk Graph
Gholam Hassan Shirdel mehdi jalinousiIn a unit disk graph two vertices are adjacent if the distance between them is less than or equal to one with a two-dimensional Euclidean meter. The size of the maximal independent set in a graph G is called the independent number denoted by α(G). The size of the MoreIn a unit disk graph two vertices are adjacent if the distance between them is less than or equal to one with a two-dimensional Euclidean meter. The size of the maximal independent set in a graph G is called the independent number denoted by α(G). The size of the minimal connected dominating set in a graph G is called the connected domination number denoted by γ_c^((G)). A subset S of vertices in a graph is called a dominating set if every vertex is either in the subset or adjacent to a vertex in the S. A dominating set is connected if it induces a connected subgraph. A connected dominating set is often used as a virtual backbone in wireless sensor networks to improve communication and storage performance. Clearly the smaller virtual backbone gives the better performance.However computing a minimal connected dominating set is NP-hard. In other hand relation between the size of the minimal connected dominating set in a graph G is very important. The aim of this paper is to determine two better upper bounds of the independence number dependent on the connected domination number for a unit disk graph. Further we improve the upper bound to obtain the best bound with respect to the upper bounds obtained thus far. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Estimating the half-life of stock price mean reverting: an application of Stochastic Differential Equations
hadi rahmani fazli ahmad molabahramiIn this paper we use stochastic differential equation for estimating the long run equilibrium of the stock prices, the speed of reverting to the mean of the stock prices and the half-life of the stock prices of the selected firms (about 24 active firms) in Tehran Stock MoreIn this paper we use stochastic differential equation for estimating the long run equilibrium of the stock prices, the speed of reverting to the mean of the stock prices and the half-life of the stock prices of the selected firms (about 24 active firms) in Tehran Stock Exchange. We use the stock price data of the selected firms to see if the stock prices of these firms have Unit roots tests. For firms which their stock prices are stationary, without unit roots, we follow an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic differential equation to estimate the half-life of the stock returns of the selected firm. For firms which their stock prices have got the unit root, we use Geometric Brownian Motion for estimation. The results show that most of the studied companies have a reversible behavior to a long-term average and a half-life of stock prices is estimated to be from 3 to 30 weeks. The estimation of the half-life of the stock prices of the selected firms will provide valuable information for the investors and other agents active in the stock markets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - An enhanced Russell model to measure aggregate efficiency of multi-period production systems
Mohammad Najari Alamouti Mohsen Khounsiavash Reza Kazimi Matin Zohreh MoghaddasPerformance evaluation of the production systems by considering data related to different time periods is one of the most important issues of production theory. In this paper, a new method for measuring the aggregative efficiency of multi-period production systems using MorePerformance evaluation of the production systems by considering data related to different time periods is one of the most important issues of production theory. In this paper, a new method for measuring the aggregative efficiency of multi-period production systems using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique is proposed. The provided approach could be considered as extension of the radial methods in the literature. An extended Russell based model is presented for the first time to measure aggregative efficiency with respect to the time intervals of the production stages. One of the useful features of the proposed model is that the inefficiency of the existing aggregative approach is detected in one step without need to account for the second stage of optimizing slack variables. Some properties and advantages of the new model is discussed. Finally, to illustrate the applicability of the new approach, two practical examples are investigated and analyzed. The results show the good performance of the proposed method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Resource Allocation in Data Envelopment Analysis on Fuzzy inputs and outputs
Esmat Noroozi Hamid SHarafiAbstract: Data envelopment analysis technique is used to evaluate the relative efficiency of a set of decision-making units that have been studied in different fields. One of the important issues in data envelopment analysis is sensitivity analysis. Many articles have b MoreAbstract: Data envelopment analysis technique is used to evaluate the relative efficiency of a set of decision-making units that have been studied in different fields. One of the important issues in data envelopment analysis is sensitivity analysis. Many articles have been presented in this field by researchers, sometimes managers are concentrating on issues that would be critical to allocate a fixed cost to decision-making units. Since in real problems the primary data are not precise but interval, ordinal, and qualitative therefore this study have been discussed this issue and present a model for assigning a fuzzy fixed cost to decision-making units. Moreover, the inputs and outputs of all units are assumed to be fuzzy and the allocation of new costs should be such that the highest number of inefficient units become efficient. At the end, this model has been utilized in two numerical examples and the results have been presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Probability-possibility DEA model with Fuzzy random data in presence of skew-Normal distribution
B. Mehrasa M. H. BehzadiData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical method to evaluate the performance of decision-making units (DMU). In the performance evaluation of an organization based on the classical theory of DEA, input and output data are assumed to be deterministic, while in th MoreData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical method to evaluate the performance of decision-making units (DMU). In the performance evaluation of an organization based on the classical theory of DEA, input and output data are assumed to be deterministic, while in the real world, the observed values of the inputs and outputs data are mainly fuzzy and random. A normal distribution is a continuous distribution which is extremely important in statistics because of its behavior.It is assumed in most cases that fuzzy random data are normally distributed, while such an assumption may not hold in practice. Therefore, using the normal distribution leads to erroneous conclusions. In the present study, we investigated DEA fuzzy random model under condition of probability -possibility, in the presence of a skew-normal distribution.In other words, this method embraced the previous methods in a specific state. Finally, a set of numerical example is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of procedure and algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - A Value Efficiency-Based Target Setting Approach in Data Envelopment Analysis
Nasim NasrabadiBasic models of Data Envelopment Analysis are intrinsically preference-free, in the sense that they consider all inputs and outputs and also all decision making units of the same importance. Although this property is beneficial in many ways, it has some drawbacks simult MoreBasic models of Data Envelopment Analysis are intrinsically preference-free, in the sense that they consider all inputs and outputs and also all decision making units of the same importance. Although this property is beneficial in many ways, it has some drawbacks simultaneously, as the decision makers’ preferences are not taken into account in the process of evaluating units. To overcome this drawback many researchers have developed several techniques for incorporating the preferences into the evaluation model. One of the underlying approaches is value efficiency analysis, which evaluates decision making units by comparing them with the most preferred unit. The most preferred unit is a unit which satisfies the decision maker most. On the other hand, the issue of benchmarking is an important aspect in data envelopment analysis, as it enables the analyst to choose a target for each inefficient unit. The target unit for each unit is located on the efficient frontier and determines the path of improvement for that inefficient unit. In this paper, the issue of target setting based on the concept of value efficiency is investigated. We aim to develop a target setting model which is able to determine target units that are not only efficient but also value efficient, as well. Moreover, the targets are determined based on closest distance from the evaluated unit. Some properties of the model are also discussed. Finally, we perform the proposed model on a real data set of 42 Spanish Universities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - finding the defining hyperplanes of production possibility set with variable returns to scale using the linear independent vectors
N. Rafati-‎Maleki M. Rostamy-MalkhalifehThe Production Possibility Set (PPS) is defined as the set of all inputs and outputs of a system in which inputs can produce outputs‎. ‎In Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)‎, ‎it is highly important to identify the defining hyperplanes and especially the s MoreThe Production Possibility Set (PPS) is defined as the set of all inputs and outputs of a system in which inputs can produce outputs‎. ‎In Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)‎, ‎it is highly important to identify the defining hyperplanes and especially the strong defining hyperplanes of the empirical PPS‎. ‎Although DEA models can determine the efficiency of a Decision Making Unit (DMU)‎, ‎but they cannot present efficient frontiers of PPS completely‎. ‎The notion of defining hyperplanes is crucial to marginal discussions‎, ‎marginal rates‎, ‎marginal rates of substitution‎, ‎sensitivity analysis‎, ‎returns to scale‎, ‎and in particular‎, ‎the efficiency analysis of DMUs‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we propose a new method to determine all strong efficient(Pareto-efficient) DMUs and strong defining hyperplanes of the PPS with variable returns to scale which strong efficient DMUs are located on them‎. ‎Furthermore‎, ‎we apply the proposed method to find the normal vectors or gradient of the strong defining hyperplanes of the PPS including strong efficient DMUs‎. ‎Consequently‎, ‎the equations of these hyperplanes are determined‎. ‎To illustrate the ability of the proposed method‎, ‎some numerical examples are finally provided‎. ‎Our method can be easily implemented using existing packages for operation research‎, ‎such as GAMS. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Methodology of International Law
علی اصغر KazemiIn this article, the author attempts to fill the gap arisingfrom the lack of attention to the methodology in the field oflaw. Through putting forth the discussion of the methodologyof international law, he paves the way for researchers andstudents of international law a MoreIn this article, the author attempts to fill the gap arisingfrom the lack of attention to the methodology in the field oflaw. Through putting forth the discussion of the methodologyof international law, he paves the way for researchers andstudents of international law and related fields. Studying thedominant methodological and theoretical currents in the fieldof international law, new outlooks, which were proposed inthe Methodology of International Law Symposium in 1991,are introduced and assessed. In this context, the first sectionof the article deals with the methodology in general. The othersections refer to the category of methods and methodology,and methodology in philosophy and legal studies. The authorfinally pays attention to the point that the understanding andcommand of the methods and approaches are necessary withrespect to the recognition of sources, incremental codificationand development, implementation, interpretation and judgmentat all levels of the study of international law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - International responsibility in environmental low
Seyed Abbas Poor Hashemi Maryamalsadat MoosaviAccording to the international law of responsibility, a state whose acts or omissions are against the international regulations is obliged to redress the damages to the injured state or states. In fact, breach of any obligation in the international law incurs responsibi MoreAccording to the international law of responsibility, a state whose acts or omissions are against the international regulations is obliged to redress the damages to the injured state or states. In fact, breach of any obligation in the international law incurs responsibility. The most important point regarding the international environmental law is its different aspects and expansiveness of the issues specifically issues with exterritorial nature like borderline pollutions and international destructions. The world needs a serious cooperation at the time of tremendous and sudden problems regarding the international environmental issues. Even today, the world`s leaders have transferred the environmental issues from marginal and sidelong sections towards their main political agenda. On the other hand, the international law researchers have been dealing with creating the rules regarding states` responsibility and commitments, especially on accountability regarding destruction and borderline pollutions and meanwhile the states have been dealing with issue according to the responsibility system by expanding the international agreements with the purpose of preventing the activities obnoxious for the environment. On the other hand, establishing the international criminal court is one of the considerable international activities in criminal support of the environment. But despite the fact that the international responsibility has a considerable position in the international law, this issue has been vague in the international environmental law and redressing the damages; however in the recent years it has been developing Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Position of the right to peace in the charter of UN with looking at the performance of the Security Council
عاطفه AmininiaUN in the last days of World War II, as an organization that emerged out of the nations, with the goal of international peace and security arose ideal. It is clear that the achievement of international peace and security requires good infrastructure in paragraphs 2 to 4 MoreUN in the last days of World War II, as an organization that emerged out of the nations, with the goal of international peace and security arose ideal. It is clear that the achievement of international peace and security requires good infrastructure in paragraphs 2 to 4 of the Charter has been mentioned, which is the realization of fundamental human rights. The realization of human rights, in turn, requires hospitalization of peace .this present paper intends to seeks position of the right to peace and assess the performance of the Council in this regard. Council in this regard, what is qualified and competent to truly ahead of this coming from. what is qualified and competent to make this truly is the threshold? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Relationship between Stock Liquidity and Investment Opportunities
حسین کاظمی عباس حیدریOne of risks which relevance with firm’s stock is stock liquidity. Stock with highliquidity for stockholders and investments have been attractive and increase demand forit. Increasing in demand and attractive for firm’s stock, leads to easy and inexpensivefi MoreOne of risks which relevance with firm’s stock is stock liquidity. Stock with highliquidity for stockholders and investments have been attractive and increase demand forit. Increasing in demand and attractive for firm’s stock, leads to easy and inexpensivefinancing and increase in firm’s expanding. More over decrease expected returns ofstockholders. Therefore in this article investigate relationship between stock liquidity andinvestment opportunities which liquidity measure with bid- ask spread, the period from1383 to 1389(Iranian calendar). Results show that there is a positive and relationsignificant between stock liquidity and investment opportunities. More overThere is a negative and significant between stock liquidity and expected returns. Onthe other hand liquidity is one of ingredient which increase firm’s opportunities anddecrease cost of equity capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Analyzing risky and no risky approach of investment opportunities levels on share return prediction ability
Leila Shirnejhad sina kheradyar ebrahim chiraniThe goal of this study is analyzing investors’ decision based on different levels of investment opportunities based on risky and no risky approach on share return prediction ability. In this study, concentration is on using three regression models with replacement MoreThe goal of this study is analyzing investors’ decision based on different levels of investment opportunities based on risky and no risky approach on share return prediction ability. In this study, concentration is on using three regression models with replacement ability on variable coefficient of investment opportunities levels that can analyze share return prediction ability from viewpoint of risky and no risky investors. Study sample includes 113 firms from accepted companies in Tehran stock exchange that includes a time period of ten years from the beginning of 2008 to the end of 2017. Results show that only when investment opportunities level is average, share return prediction ability based on risky approach exists, and against, when investment opportunities level is high and low, share return prediction ability is performed based on investment no risky return. Thus, investment opportunities level has important roles on basis of no risky approach on share return prediction ability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Investigating the Effect of Real Options Resulting from Flexibility on Stock Return
mostafa Heidari Haratmeh Shamsollah ShirinbakhshIn this study, evidence is presented that shows the positive stock return-volatility relationship at the firm level is due to firm's real options. In the real options theory, it can be deduced:A) that the positive stock return-volatility at the firm level for those firm MoreIn this study, evidence is presented that shows the positive stock return-volatility relationship at the firm level is due to firm's real options. In the real options theory, it can be deduced:A) that the positive stock return-volatility at the firm level for those firms with more real options is much stronger and that the level of the sensitivity of the firm's stock return in response to the changes in the stock return volatility is significantly reduced due to the use of real options.B) that, the relationship between return – volatility for companies that have fewer restrictions and greater capabilities to better respond to uncertain demands (greater flexibility) are much stronger. In the real options models, managerial flexibility leads to greater firm's value convexity function . Thus, according to the theory of Jensen's inequality, sensitivity of the firm's value due to volatility in firm's underlying assets, while increasing, it should help to strengthen the company's flexibility to the changes in investment decisions and operations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Clarifying the Relationship between the Return and the Simultaneous Volatility of Stock Returns Utilizing Investment Options Pattern
Rahnamay Roodposhti farydoon Hashem Nikoomaram Jafar JoolaThe aim of this study is clarifying the relationship between the return and the simultaneous volatility of stock returns utilizing investment options pattern. Covariance of return and volatility (based on standard deviation of stock return) as the dependent variable and MoreThe aim of this study is clarifying the relationship between the return and the simultaneous volatility of stock returns utilizing investment options pattern. Covariance of return and volatility (based on standard deviation of stock return) as the dependent variable and investment options, based on four measures including: firm size, firm age, sale revenue growth and market value to book value ratio, as the independent variable have been calculated. In the developed model of research, effects of two factors were studied as the control variable, including: flexibility of management decisions and performance of the Fama French model on the relationship between the return and the simultaneous volatility. The results of the multiple regression using data of 63 companies in the sample between 2006 and 2015 show, 95% confidence level, variables which affect real options and control variables, will also affect the relationship between the return and simultaneous volatility of return. More the amount of options for a company gives the stronger effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - A dynamic modeling of future pricing for investment asset with known income
Reza Tehrani Amirali Abbaszadeh Asl masoud FekriThere are different ways of system analysis. System thinking is a novel and very effective method in this field. Actually, system dynamic approach offers a dynamic model of a process in the real world and systematically analyzes related factors. In other words, it indic MoreThere are different ways of system analysis. System thinking is a novel and very effective method in this field. Actually, system dynamic approach offers a dynamic model of a process in the real world and systematically analyzes related factors. In other words, it indicates the influence of changes on each effective factor on the entire system in each moment. In this paper, primarily, a dynamic model is proposed by investigating different effective factors on future price of assets which include known income and the way of arbitrage opportunities with non-correct prices are simulated. Thus, scenarios are offered to illustrate the changes of different effective factors on system and arbitrage opportunities made as a result to these changes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Investigating the value content of different models of free cash flow by considering the growth opportunities and adequacy of the Corporate Governance
javad hosseini Rasoul Baradaran Hasanzadeh ahmad mohammadi mahdi zeinaliThe purpose of this study is to identify a certain criterion of free cash flow that has the most value content under the influence of growth opportunities and corporate governance system. In fact, the purpose of this study is to conduct research that can be effective in MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify a certain criterion of free cash flow that has the most value content under the influence of growth opportunities and corporate governance system. In fact, the purpose of this study is to conduct research that can be effective in improving the comparability of companies and thus the quality of financial reporting by identifying a specific pattern of free cash flow that has value content. To achieve this goal, 11 widely used free cash flow models were tested on a sample of 180 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2009 to 2019 using panel data regression to examine the value content. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that free cash flow based on the model of Lehn & Poulsen (1989) with a higher R2 than other models of free cash flow can explain changes in stock market prices under the influence of growth opportunities and corporate governance. . Overall, the findings show that the market gives more weight to the free cash flows of companies that have the opportunity for further growth and a strong corporate governance system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of Carbon Tax Using Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGE)
جمشید پژویان حسن معین نعمتیThis paper deals with environmental, welfare and employment effects of Carbon Tax. Carbon tax as a policy instrument, internalizes the external cost of air pollution in price of fuel. The very objective of carbon tax is not only to reduce fuel consumption and hence redu MoreThis paper deals with environmental, welfare and employment effects of Carbon Tax. Carbon tax as a policy instrument, internalizes the external cost of air pollution in price of fuel. The very objective of carbon tax is not only to reduce fuel consumption and hence reduce harmful emissions made by economic agents, but also to lessen the tax burden on wage earners and reduce labor cost which in turn provides incentives for job creation. This study uses Computable General Equilibrium Model which is revenue neutral, i.e. total tax income is taken constant in the model. The model is a non- linear equation system. GAMS as a Software along with input – output table pertaining to Iranian economy is used to solve the mode. The model was calibrated to base year 1378[1]. The findings in this study indicate that the use Carbon Tax as a policy instrument to alleviate the Burdon of tax on labor income, would improve qualitavely the environmental standards and reduce the environmental concerns besides to positive impact on employment and welfare gains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Unity within Diversity: Foundations and Dynamics of National Identity in Iran
Hamid Hamid Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
66 - Ranking and Analysis of Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Urban Neighborhoods and in the City of Mahabad
Edris Porvazn Zeynab Karkehabadi Abbas Arghan -
Open Access Article
67 - New Approaches to Urban Renewal in Tehran: Experience of Khazaneh Facilitation Office
Pooya Alaedini Zahra Eskandari Dorbati Neda Talebian -
Open Access Article
68 - A Study of the Relationship between the Components of Social Capital and Social Development
Esmaeil Kavousy Seyyed Davoud Hosseini -
Open Access Article
69 - The Dimensions of Community-based Programs in Kahrizak (According to Anderson's Health Behavior Model)
Malihe Shiani Mirtaher Mousavi Hannan Zare -
Open Access Article
70 - Gender Inequality in the Lived Experience of Social and Cultural Active Kurdish Women
Mostafa Azkia Saadat Pirani -
Open Access Article
71 - Enhancing Community Resilience to Floods in Iran: The Case of Post-Disaster Neka
Pooya Alaedini Mehrdad Javaheripour Elham Houminfar -
Open Access Article
72 - Sociological Explanation of the Process of Formation of New Reference Groups and their Effect on the Formation of Citizenship Ethics in Iran over the Last Three Decades
Masoumeh Bashi Seyfollah Seyfollahi Nayer Pirahari -
Open Access Article
73 - The Role of Government and Local Actors in the Tourism Industry Development in Iran: An Unsuccessful Intervention Model
Saman Yousefvand -
Open Access Article
74 - Explaining and Surveying the Pattern of the Globalization Process of Tehran Metropolis and the Requirement to Consider Opportunities
Leila Rezvani Ehsan Rahmani Khalili Reza Ali Mohseni -
Open Access Article
75 - Rural Women’s Experiences with Money and Developmental Intervention: A Case Study in Semnan Province
Soheila Alirezanejad -
Open Access Article
76 - Tourism Industry, Globalization, Encounter or Interaction
Delavrav Rahmat Shah Seyyed Ali Mousavi Noory Majid Akbari -
Open Access Article
77 - Typology of Obese Patients’ Attitude to Life and Their Decision-Making Process for Bariatric Surgery
Tayyebeh Mirzaahmadi Tahmoures Shiri Abbas Ebadi Bahram Gadimi RezaAli Mohseni -
Open Access Article
78 - Issues and Challenges to Socialization of Academic Norms in Scientific Communities in Iran
Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Mahmoud Ghazi Tabatabaei S.H. Marjaei -
Open Access Article
79 - Association between Resilience and Professional Commitment among Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units
Neda Gerami Nejad Zahra Ghorbani Moghaddam Rezvan Kazemi majd mahdi hosseiniIntroduction: Nurses who work in intensive care unit (ICU) are confronted with multiple stressful factors. Resilience is one of the most important human abilities that cause effectively adaptation with difficult situations and psychological stresses. This property can h MoreIntroduction: Nurses who work in intensive care unit (ICU) are confronted with multiple stressful factors. Resilience is one of the most important human abilities that cause effectively adaptation with difficult situations and psychological stresses. This property can help to improve nurses' professional commitment. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of association between resilience and professional commitment among nurses working in ICU. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 200 nurses working in ICU in hospitals affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences in South Khorasan province was enrolled with census method in 1397. Resilience questionnaire (CD-RISC) and professional commitment questionnaire (ATS) were used to data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis) were used for data analysis through SPSS version 16. Results: Most nurses reported a high rate of profession commitment (76%) and a moderate rate of resilience (70%). Also, there was a positive and significant relationship between resilience and profession commitment (r = 0/22 P=0/001). Conclusion: Regarding the significant relationship between resilience and professional commitment, it is recommended to put educational strategies for increase resilience in the nursing education program to increase the level of professional commitment in nurses. So, one of the biggest nursing challenges, that is shortage of nursing staff, can be reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Content Strategies in Social Media: Health-Oriented Brand Communities in Iran
kianoush nazari ameleh pejman jafari farhad ghaffariIntroduction: The rapid growth of social media has created many opportunities for health professionals to undertake a large part of their marketing activities in this area. The main objective of the current study is to fully understand the main factors of the content st MoreIntroduction: The rapid growth of social media has created many opportunities for health professionals to undertake a large part of their marketing activities in this area. The main objective of the current study is to fully understand the main factors of the content strategy in Instagram social media health clinics to increase the engagement of brand community members. Methods: The present study was done in two stages. In the first stage, through the investigation of previous studies and deep interview with 8 native experts the model has been designed. Second stage, relations between the variables of the model were investigated. In the method, a multiple case study, 1572 posts of Instagram, 8 health clinics, were coded and analyzed using a netnography method during a year. Results: At 95% confidence level there was a significant relationship between the content type (p<0.001( and hashtag (p<0.000( with the customer engagement variables and between the content agility (p<0.001( with the customer engagement (except of save post and discovery percentage), and between the content day (p<0.001( with the customer engagement variables (except of discovery percentage and impression), and relationship between content context (p<0.001( with customer engagement (except of profile visit and discovery percentage) and tone of voice (p<0.002( with customer engagement (with the exception of likes, discovery percentage and new folowers). Conclusion: The resulting factors help the health clinics to optimize the content of their brand community, which can increase the number of members of a brand community and engage them with content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Assessment of Technical Efficiency of Comprehensive Health Services Centers of Hamadan by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in 2019
aslani aslani farzaneh aslaniIntroduction: Organizations are not able to develop the effectiveness of their collective wisdom without the voluntary willingness of individuals to cooperate. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of hospital social responsibility on organizational MoreIntroduction: Organizations are not able to develop the effectiveness of their collective wisdom without the voluntary willingness of individuals to cooperate. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of hospital social responsibility on organizational citizenship behavior with the mediating role of identifying organizational opportunities and environmental performance. Methods: The research method is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this research was made up of managers and experts of a public hospital in Isfahan city (300 people), and some of them (164 people) were studied by simple random sampling method. The tool of data collection was a questionnaire, and the validity of the structure was examined through the professors and its reliability was examined by Cronbach's alpha test. Analysis of research data was done through structural equation modeling using SPSS and PLS software. Results: Based on the obtained results, the measurement indices of each of the scales used at the 5% confidence level were greater than 1.96, which indicates that the observed correlations are significant. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the findings, it is suggested that in order to gain the trust of the human force and strengthen the spirit of risk-taking, the managers should seek to reduce the factors that cause nervous pressure and reduce formal and completely political behavior to the lowest possible level. Accept differences of opinion easily in the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Factors Affecting the Provision of Safe Care in Pre-Hospital Emergency Units of Mazandaran Province
Mostafa Golchobi Leila Keikavoosi-AraniIntroduction: Providing safe care in accidents and crises by pre-hospital emergency aid units plays an effective role in reducing the burden of injuries and damages. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the provision of safe care MoreIntroduction: Providing safe care in accidents and crises by pre-hospital emergency aid units plays an effective role in reducing the burden of injuries and damages. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the provision of safe care by pre-hospital emergency units in Mazandaran province.Methods: This research was descriptive-analytical (cross-sectional). The statistical population of the research was operational personnel of emergency units of selected pre-hospital emergency bases in Mazandaran province (N=165) and sampling was done by census method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was used to check the quantitative content validity using the content validity index and the content validity ratio. Then the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by Cronbach's alpha method of 0.82. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20 software. The ranking and prioritization of factors affecting the provision of safe care in pre-hospital emergency units was done with Friedman's test.Results: From the point of view of operational personnel of pre-hospital emergency aid units of Mazandaran province, 5 factors were effective in providing safe care in pre-hospital emergency aid units, which is the motivation factor in the first place (with an average rating of 3.49) as the most effective factor and medical equipment in the fifth place (with an average rating of 5.49), was the least effective factor.Conclusion: Policy-making in the field of improving the motivation of the personnel of relief units and their training, providing the necessary manpower, managing relief units and improving medical equipment will improve the provision of safe care in pre-hospital emergency relief units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Luxury Tourism as a Community Economic Development Strategy in the Depleted Community of Gananoque and the 1000 Islands
D. Kirkby R. Alasadi -
Open Access Article
84 - Street Garment Vendors’ Contribution to the Economy and Local Community: An Empirical Study to the Street Garments Vendors in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
M. Hasan J. Alam -
Open Access Article
85 - Optimization of Hospital Layout through the Application of Heuristic Technique (Diamond Algorithm) in Shafa Hospital (2009)
Monika Motaghi Ali Hamzenejad Leila Riahi Masoud Soheili Kashani -
Open Access Article
86 - The Impact of Business Environment on the Survival of Small Scale Businesses in Nigeria
K. Agbolade Obasan -
Open Access Article
87 - The effect of social media on brand community markers, value creation practice, bran trust and brand loyalty (case study: comparison between Apple (Iphone) and Samsung’s (Galaxcy) mobile)
مریم کناره فرد سید علیرضا موسویThe combination of both brand community and social media leads to a concept that we call social media based brand community which is a subset of the broader concept of ‘‘virtual communities’’ or online brand communities; but the main differentiat MoreThe combination of both brand community and social media leads to a concept that we call social media based brand community which is a subset of the broader concept of ‘‘virtual communities’’ or online brand communities; but the main differentiator is their platforms. In this article, we explore whether brand communities based on social media (a special type of online brand communities) have positive effects on the main community elements and value creation practices in the communities as well as on brand trust and brand loyalty. For this purpose the users of Apple (Iphone) and Samsung (Galaxy) cell phones in Shiraz are considered as the statistical society which due to the unlimited statistical society and lack of access to all of them, two samples included 196 people has been selected randomly and studied in the third 3 months of year 91 by using the standard questionnaire of the researcher Michael Laroch et al. (2012). On the other hand in order to discuss the relation between the research variables the Pierson correlation and for the hypothesis test of research the path analyse are used to evaluate the structure of the recommended framework. In order to do this SPSS Amos16.0 software is used. This research has about twenty hypothesis which are after the hypothesis analyse and statistical analysis at the surety level of 95% for the Apple’s customer eighteen hypothesis were accepted and two of them were rejected, and for the customers of Samsung, sixteen hypothesis were accepted and four of them were rejected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - The role of social factors organizational to the exchange of tacit knowledge and marketing effectiveness of Sport Brand
Elham Moshkelgosha rasool nazari reza FardipoorThis study aimed to investigate the role of quality cross-functional communication and social opportunities as factors affecting the exchange of tacit knowledge and marketing effectiveness. Methods this descriptive correlation studies that were conducted through a surve MoreThis study aimed to investigate the role of quality cross-functional communication and social opportunities as factors affecting the exchange of tacit knowledge and marketing effectiveness. Methods this descriptive correlation studies that were conducted through a survey. The population of this research was sports Sellers. The data collection tool was questionnaire, and the sample of this research was 144 Sellers of Sports products. The collected data is analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Results shows that two variables of in trifunctional communication quality, and socialization opportunities has a positive and direct relationship with marketing development and a positive and indirect relationship through the mediating effect of tacit knowledge. This study to show mediate role of the exchange of tacit knowledge in relationship between the quality of cross-functional communication and socialization opportunities with marketing effectiveness theoretically, the body of knowledge adds. Also, in terms of applications the research implied to organization’s sales and marketing director, Strategies to improve marketing effectiveness through increased planning and investment on cross-functional communication and socialization opportunities and thus the exchange of knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The effect of entrepreneurial desire on the behavior of native businesses with the moderating role of national culture
kianoosh khosravi Hassan MajididizajObjective: Today, entrepreneurship plays an important role in the economic and social development of countries, and the creation of incentives for entrepreneurship and the development of entrepreneurial culture is fundamental. Researchers recognize the role of national MoreObjective: Today, entrepreneurship plays an important role in the economic and social development of countries, and the creation of incentives for entrepreneurship and the development of entrepreneurial culture is fundamental. Researchers recognize the role of national culture in this regard. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of entrepreneurial desire on the behavior of native businesses with the moderating role of national culture. Methodology: This research was a survey method and descriptive-applied in nature and purpose. The researcher-made questionnaire was designed as a five-item Likert scale. The statistical population of this study was all students of Management and Economics Faculty of Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch. According to statistics from the Education and Science Branch of the Azad University of Tehran, 9,000 undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral students are studying in the School of Management and Economics. According to Cochran formula, 370 people were selected as sample. The sampling method was available. After confirming the validity of the data gathering tool with Lavouche coefficient and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient the questionnaire was given to the respondent group and the alpha coefficient was 0.79. Data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive and inferential. At descriptive level, statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, median, standard deviation and tables and column diagrams were used. At the inferential level, regression was used to test the hypotheses. The software used was SPSS 24. Findings: entrepreneurial tendency has a positive effect on the behavior of new businesses with the moderating role of national culture. An entrepreneurial desire to positively influence the behavior of startups. The entrepreneurial tendency has a positive effect on the behavior of novice businesses with the moderating role of individualist attitudes. The entrepreneurial desire to address the emerging business with the moderating role of gender perspective is not affected. The entrepreneurial tendency has a positive effect on the behavior of the native business with the moderating role of the strategic approach. The entrepreneurial desire does not affect the behavior of novice businesses with the moderating role of power relations. An entrepreneurial desire does not affect the behavior of novice businesses with the moderator role of avoiding uncertainty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Branding co-creation through customers participation in digital media
Ali Akbar Khademi Ali Boromandnasab Hanieh FarazandehConsumers have the ability to influence brands through social networking sites, enabling consumers to actively create content on these social networking sites in relation to their companies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors of brand crea MoreConsumers have the ability to influence brands through social networking sites, enabling consumers to actively create content on these social networking sites in relation to their companies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effective factors of brand creation that include: participatory motivations of social networking sites, consumer participation, trust, brand loyalty and loyalty in social media brand communities among students of Azad University and Dezfol. This study is practical in view of purpose and according to Collection data method is descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study include students of Azad University in Dezfol. The Sample size according to Cochran formula is obtained 384 with available sampling method. The validity was confirmed by expert and reliability is confirmed with Cronbach Alpha. In order to analyze data is used SPSS and Amos software. The result show that the Motivations for social networking sites participation positively influence consumer participation and this in turn has significant effects on brand trust and brand loyalty. As a result, both brand trust and brand loyalty have a positive effect on branding co-creation. In addition, brand trust as a mediating variable between customer participation and brand loyalty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The Effect of Social Media on Brand Community Markers, Value Creation Practice, Brand Trust and Brand Loyalty (Case Study: Comparison between Apple (Iphone) and Samsung’s (Galaxy) Mobile)
S. A. Mousavi M. KenarehfardThe combination of both brand community and social media leads to a concept that we call social media based brand community which is a subset of the broader concept of ‘‘virtual communities’’ or online brand communities; but the main differentiat MoreThe combination of both brand community and social media leads to a concept that we call social media based brand community which is a subset of the broader concept of ‘‘virtual communities’’ or online brand communities; but the main differentiator is their platforms. In this article, we explore whether brand communities based on social media (a special type of online brand communities) have positive effects on the main community elements and value creation practices in the communities as well as on brand trust and brand loyalty. For this purpose the users of Apple (Iphone) and Samsung (Galaxy) cell phones in Shiraz are considered as the statistical society which due to the unlimited statistical society and lack of access to all of them, two samples included 196 people has been selected randomly and studied in the third 3 months of year 91 by using the standard questionnaire of the researcher Michael Laroch et al. (2012). On the other hand in order to discuss the relation between the research variables the Pierson correlation and for the hypothesis test of research the path analyze are used to evaluate the structure of the recommended framework. In order to do this SPSS Amos 16.0 software is used. This research has about twenty hypothesis which are after the hypothesis analyze and statistical analysis at the surety level of 95% for the Apple’s customer eighteen hypothesis were accepted and two of them were rejected, and for the customers of Samsung, sixteen hypothesis were accepted and four of them were rejected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - The Strategic Positioning of Saderat Bank Brand from the Viewpoint of Legal Customers – Manufacturing Units of Southern Khorasan Province
L. Mahmoodi S. A. R. Davoodi T. Sadeghi A. Kafashpor F. YosefzadehThis study aims to study the position of Saderat Bank Brand, Sepah, Mellat, Melli, Parsian, Eghtesad Novin, and Tejarat banks in attracting legal customers – manufacturing units. The study used a mixed/combined methodology. The positioning process and the perceptu MoreThis study aims to study the position of Saderat Bank Brand, Sepah, Mellat, Melli, Parsian, Eghtesad Novin, and Tejarat banks in attracting legal customers – manufacturing units. The study used a mixed/combined methodology. The positioning process and the perceptual map technique were applied. The population included senior managers and financial executives of manufacturing units in Sothern Khorasan Province, for which the data was gathered through surveying their opinions due to their limited number (fewer than 40). The focus group technique and the questionnaires were used at two times to collect the data. Analyses were done by analytic hierarchy process technique and non-parametrical statistics, clomograph and Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. The results indicate that Saderat Bank and Mellat Bank have the best position in terms of processes for the provision of manufacturing units with finance, the ease of processes for providing letter of guarantee and LC, and the provision of letter of guarantee and LC. Besides, Saderat Bank enjoyed the second rank – after Mellat Bank – on the minds of customers in this section of the market with regard to the negotiation and consultation services, and interaction between bank's managers and the senior managers of manufacturing units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Surveying the Effect of Automated Service Quality on Customer's Commitment in Banking Industry
H. Vazifehdoost R. OmidzadePurpose: Nowadays competition for improving service quality is well known as a key strategic issue for organizations that operate in service sector. To reach this, banks have tried to use the backgrounds that information technology provides for them in order to pursue t MorePurpose: Nowadays competition for improving service quality is well known as a key strategic issue for organizations that operate in service sector. To reach this, banks have tried to use the backgrounds that information technology provides for them in order to pursue the modern methods and improve the quality of their services. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the outcomes of automatic service quality in electronic banking. Methodology: The present research is descriptive research in terms of method and nature; and in terms of performance it is surveying and in terms of aims it is applicable and uses structural equation modeling and LISREL software for investigating the relationships between the parts of model. Population in this research consists of bank customers in Azna town during the year 1391. To reach the aims of the research 450 questionnaires were distributed among the bank customers of Azna and among them 384 questionnaires were analyzed. Findings: Result of the research show that dimension of service quality has an impact on trust, commitment and customer delight. Also existence of impact of the customer delight on trust was accepted, but existence of impact of the customer delight on commitment was not accepted. Research Limitations: not to be available of accurate statistics of the customers using automated service was among the restricting factors in this research. Managerial Implications: Finally it is suggested that bank managers by adopting programs to know the strengths of their competitors in area of encourage and excite the customers to use of their automated service and also, to know the weakness of themselves in this area, providing the best services to their customers so that customers will understand the quality in the way of offering services and the pleasure sense be improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Feasibility study of human resource accounting Case study at institute of international energy studies (iies)
Nasser Mirsepassi Farzaneh Heydarpour Roghyeh EbrahimiAnalysisof human resource accounting feasibility with monetaryappraisal method at research institutions, specially at Institute of International Energy Studies (IIES) is purpose of this research. In other word, analysis of organizational climate readiness for human reso MoreAnalysisof human resource accounting feasibility with monetaryappraisal method at research institutions, specially at Institute of International Energy Studies (IIES) is purpose of this research. In other word, analysis of organizational climate readiness for human resource accounting system installation and diagnosis method of suitable human resource accounting method at IIES is purpose of this research. For this purpose, three method of monetary appraisal include historical cost method, replacement cost method and opportunity cost of loss method be analyzed. In order to diagnosis of organizational readiness for human resource accounting installation, a questionnaire designed and distributed among researchstatisticalpopulation included 40 person of IIES managers and experts. Research hypothesis analyzed with single sample T-Student parametrical test.Research finding show that IIES organizational climate has readiness for human resource accounting system, and also,historical cost model among other method is more possible for installation in there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - An analysis of the association between firm investment opportunities and firm performance
دکتر محمدرضا شورورزی ایمان آزادوارInvestors aim at maximizing their wealth. Growth opportunities are a driving forcethat creates motivation and is considered rewarding for investors. Improvingprofessional knowledge in the field of investment along with the expansion ofinformation technology led the capi MoreInvestors aim at maximizing their wealth. Growth opportunities are a driving forcethat creates motivation and is considered rewarding for investors. Improvingprofessional knowledge in the field of investment along with the expansion ofinformation technology led the capital providers to invest their cash/capital incompanies where there is a better chance for profit. Thus capital has had a multi-facetmovement and increased greatly in recent years.In this study we analysis of the association between firm investment opportunitiesand firm performance by using data of firms listed in Tehran stock exchange weexamined 85 firms accepted in Tehran stock exchange 2003-2009 periods. Finally,regress model using for test hypotheses. The results demonstrate significant evidenceof an association between investment opportunities and firm performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Evaluation of the opportunity cost in Jam Petrochemical Company Projects
ابراهیم عباسی عیسی رستگارThe purpose of this paper is evaluating of opportunity cost in jam petrochemicalprojects. The hypothesis of this research were investigated by using of Kolmogrov-Smirnov test ,Paired samples test and the Pierson correlation. The results due thestudy of 4 projects that w MoreThe purpose of this paper is evaluating of opportunity cost in jam petrochemicalprojects. The hypothesis of this research were investigated by using of Kolmogrov-Smirnov test ,Paired samples test and the Pierson correlation. The results due thestudy of 4 projects that were started and finished during 2002-2006years demonstratedthat the real cost of all projects are over than their budgets. Also the opportunity costaverage of the projects are over than used expenditures. So the results demonstratedthat there is significant correlation among budget deviation , depreciation expense ,capital cost and opportunity profit with the opportunity cost. With study has beenconducted in JAM petrochemical companies projects can accept which reasonincrease of project's cost and tardiness is inexperience of internal contractor andnon-performance correct and complete map of project management Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Qualitative Methodology in Management Accounting Research with a Focus on Challenges and Opportunities
Mona Abednazari Hamed AradRecently, accounting research has moved towards qualitative methodology, and thus the researchers in the field have faced some challenges due to the development of the foundations and the extension of qualitative and behavioral ideas in the research context given the un MoreRecently, accounting research has moved towards qualitative methodology, and thus the researchers in the field have faced some challenges due to the development of the foundations and the extension of qualitative and behavioral ideas in the research context given the unknown and variable nature of behavioral components.Focusing on an archival approach and the use of multiple theoretical and practical resources, the present study aimed to investigate the structure and logic of qualitative research in the field of management accounting as well as the role of qualitative research that led to the presentation of management accounting theory and general guidelines and principles to carry out such research.The present study emphasizes the identification of common challenges and problems facing qualitative research in order to provide some solutions to improve the quality of such research. Criticisms such as 1) the abstract nature of statistics in contrast to the reality, 2) the use of simulation, 3) the failure to reveal the real aspects of phenomena, and 4) inaccuracy of quantitative methods and other issues such as the measurement of concepts, causation, generalizability, repeatability, and focus on people have made qualitative research gain popularity among the practical circles.The special capabilities of such research methodology such as qualitative thinking in research and in different situations can direct us towards the creation of a more coherent, valid, relevant, and emancipating body of knowledge in the field of management accounting, a theme that has received more prominent in our country over the last few years, and the quantitative growth of qualitative research in management accounting has been to the extent that it can be regarded as a new research paradigm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Assessment of the awareness level of local forest communities about the forests in the north of the country in Biliran, Amol
Hasan Nayim-Hasani Ali SheykholeslamiThe present study was conducted to assess the levels of awareness and sensitivity of forest dwellers on the northern forest issues in drainage basin number 53 located in Amol city (Blair forests). The study method in this study was the descriptive-analytical method thro MoreThe present study was conducted to assess the levels of awareness and sensitivity of forest dwellers on the northern forest issues in drainage basin number 53 located in Amol city (Blair forests). The study method in this study was the descriptive-analytical method through documentary research and field study. The statistical population of the study included 100 rural households in the forest basin as well as passengers (tourists) and a random sampling method with a questionnaire was used to collect data. The reliability of the measuring instrument was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.78). The main results of the study showed that the level of awareness for the benefits and environmental role of northern forests was 89.9% and the level of awareness for the economic benefits was 77.7% and was high. This study also showed that people's interaction with the region's forests is not very satisfactory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - Assessment and analysis of effective factors on firewood and charcoal smuggling in local communities of the central Zagros, Ilam Province
Ali Mahdavi Majid Gholamhosseini Mohamad SalavarziApproximately, 30 percent of rural residents of Ilam County and Holeilan division are engaged in smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal alongside agricultural and livestock activities. Such activities of smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal are the main causes o MoreApproximately, 30 percent of rural residents of Ilam County and Holeilan division are engaged in smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal alongside agricultural and livestock activities. Such activities of smuggling firewood and preparing charcoal are the main causes of the cutting of trees and deforestation in these areas. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting firewood smuggling and charcoal production in the local communities of Ilam County and Holeilan district and to survey the status of charcoal in the livelihood and income of the villagers in the study area. In this study, the data were collected through a library study and a questionnaire. In the interview section, the attitudes and factors affecting charcoal production were investigated by directly communicating with the studied households. According to the results of factor analysis and examination of items (variables) related to each factor and their factor loadings, three economic-social, legal, and cultural-social factors were identified. The results of factor analysis showed that the first factor (socio-economic) with a specific value of 7.45 had the highest share (62.15%) and the third factor (socio-cultural) with a specific value of 1.15 had the lowest share (9.63%) in total variance explanation. The results of the investigations regarding the status of coal mining in the livelihood system of the studied households showed that each charcoal mining household in the area of Ilam city had 10,800,000 Rials and in Helilan district 11,400,000 Rials on average from the sale of coal in 2019. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Economic valuation of damages to residual trees due to logging operations in Chafroud Forests of Guilan province
Farshad Keivan Behjou Zeynab Pour-GholiThe aim of this research was the introducing a method to convert technical data of logging operation damages to economic value to express the investment for improving logging operation. This study was carried out in parcels 228, 231 and 232 in Chafroud Shanderman waters MoreThe aim of this research was the introducing a method to convert technical data of logging operation damages to economic value to express the investment for improving logging operation. This study was carried out in parcels 228, 231 and 232 in Chafroud Shanderman watershed- Guilan. After selecting the sample trees, the condition and quality of residual trees after felling and skidding were investigated. The technical data to be converted and then were the economic value (Rials) using opportunity missed and replacement cost methods. The market value of different wooden products was used to measure the value per cubic meter of extracted wood in the Caspian forests of Iran. After that, felling and skidding average cost per cubic meter was subtracted from wood value. The results indicated that selective cutting can damage the residual trees to value of 947385000 Rials (6072981Rials/ha) due to the forest logging operations. Therefore, the current logging operations also need to be accompanied with careful monitoring by operation personnel and investigated the site status after the logging operations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Model of Cultural immunity indices for Implementation of the administrative reform Programs (Case of Study: Telecommunication Infrastructure Company)
sara najari majid JahangirfardThis research is based on the purpose and basis of the applied-development result, since, by identifying the cultural immunity indexes, the correct implementation of the plans for the development of the administrative system will be addressed. Research method is a surve MoreThis research is based on the purpose and basis of the applied-development result, since, by identifying the cultural immunity indexes, the correct implementation of the plans for the development of the administrative system will be addressed. Research method is a survey method. First, by analyzing the content of the interviews, the cultural immunity components are identified in the evolution of the administrative system and then approved by the instrument of the cultural immunity index. The statistical population in the qualitative study was 10 senior and middle managers of the organization. In the quantitative debate, the statistical society consisted of 220 experts and specialists working in the field of programs for the development of the administrative system, with 136 people to the Morgan table Sampling forms have been selected. Content validity was used for validity of the tool and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability. In order to analyze the information, structural equations were used that 71 cultural impacts were determined in the implementation of the programs. As a result, all indicators had a positive and significant effect on the implementation of the programs, and the index of meritocracy as the first and most important indicator in Implementing programs for the evolution of the administrative system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Research in cultural planning based on the network community in the national media of the Islamic republic of Iran
Akram Zeini سید محمد دادگران سید محمدرضا رسولیToday, societies are being transformed into a scientific civilization based on services, education and creative activities. This transformation is the result of the advancement and penetration of modern technologies, especially computer technologies. In recent years the MoreToday, societies are being transformed into a scientific civilization based on services, education and creative activities. This transformation is the result of the advancement and penetration of modern technologies, especially computer technologies. In recent years the concept of network society has become particularly important in information society theory.Networks in the network society are a good tool for various activities; for a capitalist economy based on innovation, globalization and decentralized density. The processes of social transformation that have been summarized in the ideal network society go beyond the social and technical relations of production and deeply affect the field of culture and power.Another aspect to consider is that our culture is derived from Islam and value-based, and in this culture communication cannot be neutral, and for cultural and communication systems such as broadcasting, the mission is conjectural and assumed, and goal-orientation and value must be Be visible and tangible in it. Hence, with regard to the transformation of sound programming and traditional programming rotation and the shift towards the production of interactive programs, issues in the field of culture, the present article discusses the benefits of using library methodologies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - The leadership model of the Supreme Leader in the Corona crisis
Mohsen ManteghiBackground: The Corona crisis has created widespread problems in people's current lives. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic, from the beginning of the formation of this crisis, according to the views of health experts, adopted a special model for crisis manageme MoreBackground: The Corona crisis has created widespread problems in people's current lives. The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic, from the beginning of the formation of this crisis, according to the views of health experts, adopted a special model for crisis management. The model of corona crisis management can be identified from His Majesty's orders and actions. Research Method: This study was conducted in a qualitative manner based on content analysis method with the aim of exploring the views of the Supreme Leader in the Corona crisis. Statistical population: A collection of lectures, messages, and actions of the Supreme Leader during 1399, which has been presented regarding the corona and has been compiled in a library collection manner. Conclusion: Based on the accepted approaches in crisis management and based on the study conducted in this study, the Supreme Leader, in three areas of psychological, socio-political, and technical-structural, have used six main components for crisis management, which are: Comprehensiveness of attitude, spirituality and piety, ethics, social empathy, intelligent behavior, and organizational reform. Identifying and understanding this pattern can be a good way to manage the crises of Islamic society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Outsourcing Projects Effectiveness in Islamic Azad University as a cultural institution; A case study Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch
دکتر سید احمد حسینی گل افشانی عبدالرحیم رحیمیIntroduction and research objective:Modern organization only pay critically significant activities and unessential activities implement with binding treaty of contracting by other corporation out of institute .it is termed outsourcing .Be along ,in general ,Islamic Azad MoreIntroduction and research objective:Modern organization only pay critically significant activities and unessential activities implement with binding treaty of contracting by other corporation out of institute .it is termed outsourcing .Be along ,in general ,Islamic Azad University and special south unit of Tehran ,were surrounded divisions of non strategic activities itself for example clarity, buffet , services , design and implementation of some building activities and so on .from aspect of effectiveness ,in this research major question is ,what extent outsourcing have been prosperous in south unit of Tehran Research Methodology: to achieve to given object in scientific base-and there is which barricades and problems in the way of this designs. This research is descriptive and field to get information from questioner and interview to analysis data has used from descriptive statistic of T .Test (by program of SPSS) statistic society include all managers who act as the controller ,used from statistic method ,surrender ,activities to contractor that because of few quantity of them. Findings: According to research findings, major hypothesis mean outsourcing was effectiveness in Azad University However, the hypothesis to be effectiveness of outsourcing with descriptive statistic of T-Test was supported Conclusion: there are many weak points like as database bank, mechanism and measure of standards to choose of contractors, continuum assess by their subjective measures and also assess of quality and cost and so on for more effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Social capital in virtual social networks (Social Networking)
غلامعباس توسلی امرالله امانی کلاریجانیIntroduction and Objective: social interaction is a fundamental element of any society. On the network, they are considered as social capital and personal relationships and connections through the network gains access to resources and support. The main objective of thi MoreIntroduction and Objective: social interaction is a fundamental element of any society. On the network, they are considered as social capital and personal relationships and connections through the network gains access to resources and support. The main objective of this research is to study social capital in virtual social networks. Given the importance of social interaction in virtual social networks, social capital in this study, structural dimensions (size and composition of the network), interactive (frequency of contact and intimacy) and functional (support) has been studied. Methods: This survey was conducted using questionnaires and the dimensions of social capital, the impact of social factors on social capital networks are examined. The research in Persian language is virtually all social networks. Sample size of 386 patients who were selected by snowball non-probability sampling. Conclusion: The results suggest that different dimensions of social capital and in every aspect of the building, which was interactive and functional results, may be differences of social capital in the real world. The effects of social and demographic variables on network social capital in this study confirmed the causal model and research hypotheses have been formed by the impact of impression and interaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - UNESCO’s Position in Cultural Planning & Development of Iran
دکتر سیدرضا صالحی امیری لیلی زمانی هرگلانیThis research explains UNESCO’s Position in Iran’s Cultural Planning &Development. To do so, culture and development have initially been explainedthrough UNESCO’s viewpoint; then, development theories have been studied andstable human development h MoreThis research explains UNESCO’s Position in Iran’s Cultural Planning &Development. To do so, culture and development have initially been explainedthrough UNESCO’s viewpoint; then, development theories have been studied andstable human development has been defined. Also, Iran’s cultural heritage has beenstudied to survey UNESCO’s activities according to UNESCO’s 4 CulturalDevelopment Aims. Finally, the aims and questions of this very research have beenstated and the conclusion has been explained according to the data collection andanalysis done through the questionnaires handed out to experts related to UNESCO.The result of this research is that UNESCO has had a leading role in protecting,distributing and reviving Iran’s cultural heritage, Iran’s cultural interchange with othercountries and Iran’s Cultural identity revival. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Study of Virtual Social Networks’ Efficacy on Social Capital (Case Study: Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch)
Seyed Bahram Mortazavi Oskouei Marzieh Sadat Akbari Sohelila Bourghani FarahaniIntroduction and Goal: One of the core element of each society is Social Interaction. According to the “networking theory”, the human interaction are considered social assets and anybody could get access to all the supporting factors available within the net MoreIntroduction and Goal: One of the core element of each society is Social Interaction. According to the “networking theory”, the human interaction are considered social assets and anybody could get access to all the supporting factors available within the network, according to Bastani. Regarding Bordio’s, Colman, Patna, and Fokoyama, such interactions are in the layer of group connections which includes elements such as relations, trust, norms, participations, and etc.Methodology: In this research, social asset is analyzed from the Networking Theory. The key research objective is to study the effect of the social networks on the social assets of the students in the Economic and Management School of Science and Research University, Islamic Azad University of Tehran. The hypothesis is that the main element of social assets (participations, trust, and teamwork) are effected by the online social networks. The methodology was correlative method and the sample size was 172 person, chosen from random method in accordance with the total size.Findings: The data’s analyses and research finding shows that the effect of social networks on the main elements of the social assets (participations, trust, community) of students of Science and Research University of Islamic Azad University of Tehran.Results: The main hypothesis shows that vitual social networks have partly strong effect on the variables of social assets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Development of Social Commerce and Analysis of Consumer Behavior
Mohamad hesam JahanmiriThe emergence of social commerce has made important changes in business and consumers. Hence, it is very important to understand consumer behavior in the field of social commerce for companies that intend to benefit better consumers from more powerful sites.In this stud MoreThe emergence of social commerce has made important changes in business and consumers. Hence, it is very important to understand consumer behavior in the field of social commerce for companies that intend to benefit better consumers from more powerful sites.In this study, we carry out a systematic review of social business studies to explain how consumers behave on social networking sites. We classify these studies, discuss significant considerations, and identify important research methods. Also, other goals of this project are to study the factors affecting the durability and customer satisfaction in the social space. Today, due to a lack of consumer confidence in the social space and lack of quality of content, customers are faced with great concerns about the Internet as the strongest media for the social business. Because the social behavior of customers is an important variable in the social space, it is imperative for a business community to maintain its current customers. Therefore, we study the factors affecting social commerce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - The Effect of Components of Mass Spaces on Social Participation of Citizens (Case Study: Farahzad neighborhood of Tehran)
hedieh dabiri leila zareCitizens' participation is an essential requirement for achieving the ideal neighborhood and leads to improved quality of life. The communal spaces at the neighborhood level have a significant role to play as gatherings for the gathering of people in life. The features MoreCitizens' participation is an essential requirement for achieving the ideal neighborhood and leads to improved quality of life. The communal spaces at the neighborhood level have a significant role to play as gatherings for the gathering of people in life. The features in the context of these spaces are attracting people, staying in space and shaping social participation among them. The purpose of this study is to investigate social participation at the neighborhood of Farahzad in Tehran. The method used in the research is descriptive-analytic and for collecting the required data, the questionnaire and field study tools have been used. The statistical population of the study consisted of all individuals aged 18 years and over in the Farahzad neighborhood. The sample size was 355 by using Cochran's formula. For further reliability, 360 questionnaires were selected and completed by simple random sampling. Data analysis was performed using Pearson tests and regression analysis using SPSS software. The results of Pearson correlation test show that there is a significant relationship between the amount of willingness to participate with the variables of the quality of the spaces, the satisfaction of the services in the spaces and the sense of belonging. The results of regression analysis also indicate that among the variables mentioned above, the variable quality of community spaces with a regression weight of 0.42 is the most significant effect in the social participation variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Comparison of the Viewpoints of Social and Political Scholars and Intellectuals and Population of Kurdistan on Fair Distribution of Opportunities and Amenities during 2017-2018
Foad mohmmadi Saifollah Saifollahi sayedmohammad sayedmirzaiiThe purpose of this study is comparison of the viewpoints of social and political scholars and intellectuals and population of Kurdistan on fair distribution of opportunities and amenities during 2017-2018. The method used in this research was documentary, surveying, an MoreThe purpose of this study is comparison of the viewpoints of social and political scholars and intellectuals and population of Kurdistan on fair distribution of opportunities and amenities during 2017-2018. The method used in this research was documentary, surveying, and Delphi. In this study there are two statistical populations. The first was all the male and female citizens of Kurdistan province aged 20 through 60 years of age. The second population was the informed, critics, and university professors of Kurdistan. This research utilized two different sampling methods. In Delphi, the targeted sampling, and in surveying, due to the extension and incongruent statistical population the cluster samplings were used. The results of the Delphi method showed that most of the major managerial positions in Iran are monopolistic and are dedicated to certain groups. The investment is Kurdistan is low the government has done nothing in this regard. In addition, the top opportunities and situations are dedicated to certain individuals. The qualitative results showed that the elites' variables of inaccessibility of power, lack of investments in the province, social blockage and unfair opportunities for governmental positions has had a meaningful impact on the fair distribution of opportunities and amenities in the province. These variables altogether have explained 28% of the changes, i.e. nearly half of the inequality of opportunities and amenities in Kurdistan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - Discovering Technology Entrepreneurship Opportunities in Nanotechnology
mehrdad navabakhsh Mehrdad Navabakhsh nosratollah shadnooshWith the discovery of the field of nanotechnology in the last two decades, there has been a tremendous field of entrepreneurship development, including technological entrepreneurship. The existence of very large markets and the interconnection of research and scientific MoreWith the discovery of the field of nanotechnology in the last two decades, there has been a tremendous field of entrepreneurship development, including technological entrepreneurship. The existence of very large markets and the interconnection of research and scientific fields has led to a lot of entrepreneurship. Meanwhile, the study of factors affecting the discovery of technological entrepreneurship opportunities can be of great importance. Because these factors can be strengthened, they have expanded the field for entrepreneurship in the field of nanotechnology. A review of studies has shown that such a model has not been studied in internal and external research. Therefore, the present study investigates the phenomenon of discovering technological opportunities for entrepreneurship in the field of nanotechnology. For this purpose, the present paper studies the basic views on the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities and the evolution of its theories. Then, 11 knowledge based companies in the field of nanotechnology were investigated. The analysis technique in this research is grounded in theory and the data collected from the interviews were taken in three stages and finally the final model was presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Designing a model for explaining the components of tendency to social networks with metacombination method
gholamreza tajbakhsh amin godarzi mohamad samianinConsidering the widespread presence of social networks and mobile phone software in families and the increasing use of this by family members, this research article aims to design a model to explain the components of the tendency to social networks. Is. The study popula MoreConsidering the widespread presence of social networks and mobile phone software in families and the increasing use of this by family members, this research article aims to design a model to explain the components of the tendency to social networks. Is. The study population of the research includes all the articles related to the research topic. In order to carry out the research, after designing the research questions, a systematic search was conducted based on relevant keywords, social networks, internet, virtual space from databases that include all valid domestic scientific-research publications from 1388 to 1396. There have been. The results of the review of 36 articles out of 72 primary articles of the researchers identified 8 dimensions as the main dimensions of the tendency towards social networks, which were mentioned in various domestic researches in the years 2018 to the end of 2016; have identified Based on these dimensions, the final integrated model has been presented and validated. This article, by identifying all the dimensions of the trend towards social networks in the available sources from 1388 to the end of 1396, can be used as a basis for identifying the causes of the trend towards social networks in Iran for researchers and other groups, such as the program Rizan and government administrators should be placed for community education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Opportunities and challenges of developing urban spaces for women (case study: women's centers and parks in Tehran)
Zahra ZareWomen's urban spaces are implemented as a solution for the development of women's activities, especially in the field of leisure and sports, so that women can use urban spaces more by reducing some customary and religious restrictions. This research tries to e MoreWomen's urban spaces are implemented as a solution for the development of women's activities, especially in the field of leisure and sports, so that women can use urban spaces more by reducing some customary and religious restrictions. This research tries to examine the field findings and the opinions of experts and informants to gain an understanding of the opportunities and challenges of these spaces. The research method is mixed and qualitative. Documentary methods and practical and collaborative research have been used. In the documentary part, the findings of 22 articles of the last ten years have been used, and in the practical and collaborative research, the opinions of 40 key informants in this field have been used. The branch of data analysis is qualitative content analysis and SWOT analysis. The findings show that women need and are interested in these spaces. However, there are some weak points such as: inappropriate location, insufficient description of services and program, and how to interact with participants and women. Weak public trust in the municipality and government institutions, not prioritizing women's issues and emphasizing sloganeering and advertising approaches and the desire for bisexual and family spaces are some of the challenges of these spaces Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The Evaluation of a Sense of Neighborhood Dependency and its Role in Social Participation (Case of Study: Ne’mat-abad Neighborhood)
Ahmad Naderi Ebrahim Shirali Sajjad Ghasemi Kafroudi -
Open Access Article
115 - The Position of Cultural Synergy in Social Development of the Country
Mohammadreza Dehshiri -
Open Access Article
116 - The Performance of the Social Security Organization in achieving Social Justice
Majid Badalivand Habibollah Karimian Soroush FathiSocial justice as one of the most important human ideals has long been considered by thinkers and experts and inequality or the feeling of inequality is the most important cause of injustice. Therefore, under the influence of theories and the will of nations to reduce I MoreSocial justice as one of the most important human ideals has long been considered by thinkers and experts and inequality or the feeling of inequality is the most important cause of injustice. Therefore, under the influence of theories and the will of nations to reduce Inequality and the realization of justice, especially in the modern world, various institutions and organizations have been created. The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of the Social Security Organization in the realization of social justice. The research method is survey and the statistical population is all insured persons of the General Department of Social Security West of Greater Tehran. A sample of 385 people was determined using the Cochran's formula and selected by simple cluster and random sampling. The information collected using SPSS software has been analyzed based on 12 services of the Social Security Organization. The most important obligations and services of the Social Security Organization are pension, disability pension, survivors' pension, unemployment insurance benefit, wage compensation. Sick days are maternity pay, medical allowances, marriage allowances and burial allowances. Data analysis shows that 6.2% of the respondents know that the performance of the Social Security Organization is very bad, 17.4% of the respondents are moderately bad, 34.4% of the respondents are mediocre, 27.4% are good and 14.5% are very good. Are considered moderate. Inferential findings confirm the fact that the impact of the role and position of social security (provision of insurance and medical services) on each of the indicators of social justice are: support system and redistribution (0.77), equal conditions for Access to opportunities and resources (0.71) and entitlement (0.64). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - A sociological survey on neighborhood relations in Residential complex of Tehran city (a case study of district No.2 )
Mehrdad Navabakhsh Maraym Rafei far -
Open Access Article
118 - The analysis of basic problems in scientific socialization in Iran universities
Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Mahmoud Ghazi Tabatabai Seyed Hadi Marjaie -
Open Access Article
119 - A survey about the factors affecting the prevention of relapse of addiction based on therapeutic community approach in Khomein city 2010-2011
Masoumeh Motlaq Hossein Hadavi Davoud Assadi -
Open Access Article
120 - The Evaluation of Citizenship Skills and their Effects in promoting Social Development (Case of Study: Region 3, 7 and 14 in Tehran)
Soroush Fathi Mehdi MokhtarpourCulture and citizenship skills are such concepts that human beings consider them as actions, states and phenomena attributed in their life. Citizenship skills is divided into a variety of economic, social, moral, political and cultural sections. Nowadays, the concept of MoreCulture and citizenship skills are such concepts that human beings consider them as actions, states and phenomena attributed in their life. Citizenship skills is divided into a variety of economic, social, moral, political and cultural sections. Nowadays, the concept of citizenship skills and ways to improve it in order to improve social development is one of the main priorities designers and urban planners consider in the branches of civil rights. This study is a case study and with an analytical approach. The theoretical framework of the study is based on documents and studies of other articles and academic sites related to the subject on one hand and also uses questionnaires and selection of a sample randomly, with 385 questionnaires containing questions about the research subject matter. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between self-awareness, empathy, decision-making, critical thinking, interpersonal relations and social development. The results of the regression analysis shows the variables in the equation, the variables of self-awareness, interpersonal communication, critical thinking, decision-making and empathy have the greatest impact on the promotion of social development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Effect of Mass Media on Youth’s National Unity and Their Devotion toward Iranian Identity
Fereydoun Vahida Habibollah Karimian Mohammad Koopai -
Open Access Article
122 - Sociological Analysis of the Impact of New Reference Groups on the Process of Citizenship Ethics Formation In Iran in the Last Three decades (Case Study: Professors and Students of Islamic Azad University, ,Central Tehran Branch and Science and Research Branch 2020)
Masoumeh Bashi Seifollah Seifollahi Nayyer PirahariThe present study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis of the effectof new reference groups on the process in formation of citizenship ethics in Iran in the last three decades in the educational year 2020. The study population were students of the Fa MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis of the effectof new reference groups on the process in formation of citizenship ethics in Iran in the last three decades in the educational year 2020. The study population were students of the Faculty of Social Sciences, units the Central Tehran and Research the Sciences in Islamic Azad University in Tehran. The theoretical framework was a combination of the theories of "Durkheim, Parsons, Habermas, Wallerstein, Giddens, Seyfollahi and Merton". Survey method, researcher-made questionnaire technique, cluster sampling and sample size were determined based on Cochran's formula (369 people). Data analysis was performed with Amos software. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient confirmed the positive and significant relationship between the external Community Factors, internal Community Factors and mass media and in formation of new reference groups affecting citizenship ethics. The results of path analysis also confirmed the positive effect of cyberspace in formation of new reference groups, and the most effect of this space was related to Instagram on celebrities as a new reference group. The results of path analysis also confirmed the positive and significant effect of new reference groups in formation of citizenship ethics in Iran. The most effect was also achieved on the indicators of respect for others, responsibility and acceptance of criticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Personal Unity of Being and its Reflection in the Knowledge of One in Plotinus
S. Morteza Hosseini Shahroudi Fatemeh EstesnaeiThere is no doubt that Plotinus believes in the intuitive unification, butfor some reasons such as totality and limitless of One, interpretation ofcausality to emission, non acceptance reincarnation and unity, nonindependence of Persons, knowing the manifolds as image a MoreThere is no doubt that Plotinus believes in the intuitive unification, butfor some reasons such as totality and limitless of One, interpretation ofcausality to emission, non acceptance reincarnation and unity, nonindependence of Persons, knowing the manifolds as image and ray, ofone can infer personal unity from his expressions and its reflection inhis theory about the knowledge f One. He, on the basis of various kindsof souls, emphasizes on the diverse stages of Knowledge. According toPlotinus the One is utterly unknowable both intuitively andintuitionally, and the only way to receive him is to transcend Intuitionwhich represents the duality of witness and witnessed. As a result in thestage which correspondence to mystical inexistence there is only onereality percept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Unity of Soul to Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas
نوشین عبدی ساوجیان محمد سعیدی مهرThe question of plurality or unity of human soul is among the topicswhich basically originate from Plato's and Aristotle's works. Platoconsiders the subject from two approaches and finally accepts theplurality whereas Aristotle deems it unreasonable to reckon the soul t MoreThe question of plurality or unity of human soul is among the topicswhich basically originate from Plato's and Aristotle's works. Platoconsiders the subject from two approaches and finally accepts theplurality whereas Aristotle deems it unreasonable to reckon the soul tobe plural and divisible and consequently admits the unity of the soul.Regarding these two theories (i.e. the unity of the human soul and theplurality of it), the philosophers have to either confirmed one theoryand reject the other at the same time. Therefore the two PeripateticIslamic and Christian philosophers, Avicenna and Thomas Aquinas areinclines toward the “unity of soul “theory. The difference of these twophilosophers is in that Avicenna’s requires clarifications due to someconflicting aspects in his theory. This conflict arises from therepeatedly emphasis on soul unity on one hand and in the meantimeattribution of human activities to three other souls. To integrate theseevidently clashing points it is possible to set forth two status namely“definition and realization” (essence and existence). Aquinas assessesthe subject more rigorously and in more detail comparing to Avicennaand while considering different views including Plato’s, proves thedominance of Aristotle's theory over Plato’s. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Restatement of Evolution in the Light of the Unity of Nature and Actuality of Species in Illuminationist Philosophy
Seyed Mohammad Ali Dibaji Ali Akbar NasekhianThe unity of the natural world has long been a subject of thought and interest for philosophers. In modern times, this has been studied by scientists in the natural sciences, including biology. Meanwhile, evolutionists believe that all kinds of natural beings in a desce MoreThe unity of the natural world has long been a subject of thought and interest for philosophers. In modern times, this has been studied by scientists in the natural sciences, including biology. Meanwhile, evolutionists believe that all kinds of natural beings in a descending continuum reach a single origin. In other words, all natural species emerge gradually from each other and finally from a common root. The evolutionists' statement of the unity of the natural world, requires that the nature of species is purely biological nature, and that this nature by itself, hasn’t any independent and actual feature. Such an exposition, as the evolutionists themselves have pointed out, is inconsistent with the theory of the illuminationist philosophers (such as Plato), who considered an independent and actual species. In this article, from the perspective of illuminationist philosophy, and especially Suhrawardi's viewpoint, the reasons of evolutionists' discussion of the unity of nature and the actuality of species has been reviewed. The results of this study show that in the illuminationist tradition, due to substantial increase of intensity, species can evolve in their own kind, but their independent actuality is provided not by material persons (sanam), but by lords of species and immaterial substantial lights Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The Problem of the Unit of Selection and the Ontic Structural Realist's Solution
ابوتراب یغماییThe variety of answers to the unit of selection problem threatensscientific realism both methodologically and ontologically. In thisarticle, I argue that the account developed by Elizabeth Lloyd justsolves the problem from methodological point of view and leaves theonto MoreThe variety of answers to the unit of selection problem threatensscientific realism both methodologically and ontologically. In thisarticle, I argue that the account developed by Elizabeth Lloyd justsolves the problem from methodological point of view and leaves theontological side unsolved. I will show that getting rid of mereologicalmetaphysics and replacing it with ontic structural realism solve theproblem ontologically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The Realms, Dimensions and Essence of Mystical Experience
على موحدیان عطارThis paper is an attempt to provide a clearer and deeper view ofmystical experience. First, it catches a glimpse of this concept fromabove and finds it possessed of different instances, realms, anddimensions. It then delimits the subject to the common applicationof this MoreThis paper is an attempt to provide a clearer and deeper view ofmystical experience. First, it catches a glimpse of this concept fromabove and finds it possessed of different instances, realms, anddimensions. It then delimits the subject to the common applicationof this concept in order to examine the four-fold dimensions of thisstate of disclosure, that is, the epistemic, epistemological,subjective, and emotional dimensions.Giving a brief survey of the descriptions of this state by some wellknownresearchers in this field such as James, Underhill, Suzuki,Stace, and Otto, the writer tries to show that the four features ofmystical experience, that is, epistemicity, intuitivity, subjectivity,and love-centeredness are together qualified as the essence of thisexperience due to their foundationality and universality.Employing a phenomenological approach, the writer tries to provethat the quintessence of middle-path mystical experience consists inthe immediate and direct knowledge of Reality( reality stripped ofall modes), while in the final step of mystical experience, it is thedirect and immediate knowledge of the unitary reality of being(Absolute Reality).The article has dealt with mystical experience from aphenomenological point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Al-Wahed (Unity) Rule: a Theological, Philosophical, and Interpretational Appraisal
maryam khoshnevisan sadredin tahery Babak AbbasiIslamic theologians and philosophers are disagree on the subject of issuing plurality from unity which is followed in Islamic philosophy under the title of the Al-Wahed or unity rule that says “no more than one is issued from the one”. Islamic theologi MoreIslamic theologians and philosophers are disagree on the subject of issuing plurality from unity which is followed in Islamic philosophy under the title of the Al-Wahed or unity rule that says “no more than one is issued from the one”. Islamic theologians based on theological criteria and the contents of narrated documents reject this rule. However, most of Islamic philosophers believe in the originality and correctness of this rule. In this article, first, the contents of the rule have been introduced and then the arguments of both sides debated. Two important theological arguments against the rule discussed more profoundly. First, the claim that this rule entails the denial of the will of God; second, this rule entails the denial of the power of God. Then, in evaluating the second argument, about twenty verses of the Holy Qur'an are categorized in four groups and it has been proved that the rule of unity, whether true or false, does not contradict the verses of the Holy Qur'an. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Ibn Sina on “Divine Attributes”
mohsen Ghasempour Seyed Abbas Zahabi Mohammad SeedimehrIn the history of human thought, no fundamental issue has made man think as much as the knowledge of God, which is not possible except through His attributes, and the answer to which has been a serious demand of thinkers of every age, especially philosophers. In Islamic MoreIn the history of human thought, no fundamental issue has made man think as much as the knowledge of God, which is not possible except through His attributes, and the answer to which has been a serious demand of thinkers of every age, especially philosophers. In Islamic philosophical thought, Ibn Sina's thought, as the most influential and stable ideas in the field of philosophy, which has caused profound intellectual changes, has special advantages. This article has tried to explain the relationship between the geometry of this sage's opinions in the basic axes of the discussion of divine names and attributes, ie “objectivity of essence and attributes” and “conceptual unity of attributes” by modeling this philosophical thought in the geography of Shiite thought. The final finding of the research emphasizes the fact that in Ibn Sina's view, “objectivity of attributes with essence” is in fact the basis of the theory of “conceptual union of attributes” and the connection between the two titles is necessary; Therefore, Ibn Sina, based on an accurate understanding of the “objectivity of essence and attributes” and subsequently, has proposed this specific theory in the “conceptual union of attributes”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - investingating the impect of Americas middle east policy in trump era on the process and structure of alliance and coalitions in the middle East
shahriar bayanThe historical review of the events and trends of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East from the past to the present shows that the duration of friendships and enmities in this region has never been so short; Therefore, the Middle East has entered a "new era MoreThe historical review of the events and trends of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East from the past to the present shows that the duration of friendships and enmities in this region has never been so short; Therefore, the Middle East has entered a "new era of uncertainty"; An era in which minimum cooperation and alliance and closeness of interests of countries are observed. In this regard, regional powers have contributed more than other regional actors in the formation of this rule and influenced the US policy process. In this regard, its main goal is to theoretically analyze the nature of the changing process of this alliance and regional coalitions (especially during Trump's presidency); And by raising the main question, what is the impact of America's Middle East policy in the Trump era on the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the East? Trump's Middle East policy is influenced by the grand strategies of American foreign policy, which was based on the motto "America first", the process and structure of alliances and coalitions in the Middle East based on strengthening the alliance between Arabs and Israel, and intensifying political conflicts and competitions between Arabs and Iran. , preventing the implementation and expansion of Ottomanism in the Middle East and the formation of a regional coalition around the soft power of the United States changed; In this regard, the research in its study process collects the necessary data, examines and analyzes the relationships of the said data, so that its theoretical, strategic and operational nature is more tangible by presenting suggestions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Challllenges and sttrattegiies off Tehran megallopollii devellopmentt case sttudy:: iisllamshah– robattkariim Diisttriict
Mohammad Allii Rajaeii Asghar Nazaryan Rahiim SarvarMetropolitan areas are One of the most important emerging phenomena in the past few decades, which have presented the different patterns of urbanization, settlement, city scaleEstimates indicate that the current problems in the region Tehran metropolitan, especially in MoreMetropolitan areas are One of the most important emerging phenomena in the past few decades, which have presented the different patterns of urbanization, settlement, city scaleEstimates indicate that the current problems in the region Tehran metropolitan, especially in the area of Islamshahr city of Robat Karim, such as unplanned and rapid development of population centers, the concentration of groups of low-income and poors, intensified separation of social groups, lack of economic and social diversity, absence of coherence and internal dynamics, increasing poverty, informal settlements, informal occupation, political - security problems, lack of infrastructure and, most importantly, the absence public participation in all aspects of the operation, in one hand and future prospects of the erea, on the other hand shows that using community-driven developments as an approach is important and necessary in order to rescue from the existing challenges and impasses and improving the quality of citizens life. Community-based development is an approach which can be a suitable solution for this issue. Community-based development is a process and a means of promoting participation and democratic governance which is appliable in various governance and socioeconomic fields.and implementation of its effectiveness amount in Tehran metropolitan, especially Islamshahr area – Robat Karim. The type of research is based on the Practical purpose, studying method and research nature. Moreover, bothe quantitative and qualitative data will be included. The main finding of this paper is on the basis of achieving social stability in Tehran metropolitan and its areas by considering and applying the community-driven development approach, not only, in serious policies and mechanisms used for reducing poverty and improving living standards, but also, in preventive policies for prevention of disorder production and distribution and naccessary attention to development approach and public participation as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Comparison of pyroclastic units (pumice & lahar) in mallar and reyneh valleys at Damavand volcano
Amirhoushang Shirazi Manuchehr FarajzadehMain objective of this research is comparison between pyroclastic of Malar and Raynah valleys in Yakhar basin in south-east of Damavand volcano. studing of pyroclastic is very important in recognition of Dmavand volcano.this research is based on descriptive &ndash MoreMain objective of this research is comparison between pyroclastic of Malar and Raynah valleys in Yakhar basin in south-east of Damavand volcano. studing of pyroclastic is very important in recognition of Dmavand volcano.this research is based on descriptive – analytical and using Rayneh Topographic map and Geological map of Damavand, G.P.S AND G.I.S Software.A characteristic of the Reyneh deposite is that clasts below 10 cm are mostly light grey and vescular when broken open, while most larger clasts are dark grey to black.Mallar deposite is whiter than Ryneh pumice most of mallar pumices are fall but most of reyenah pumices are flow. .volume of lahar is more in reyenah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The necessity to reform management of urban development in Tehran
A. Sayyaf Zadeh Mansoor Badri FarUrbanization and globalization of cities has been an essential feature of the recentdecades. This phenomenon is significant in developing countries like Iran which hasencountered a huge growth in urbanization. This condition has make crises in urbandevelopment managemen MoreUrbanization and globalization of cities has been an essential feature of the recentdecades. This phenomenon is significant in developing countries like Iran which hasencountered a huge growth in urbanization. This condition has make crises in urbandevelopment management and urban structures.This article investigates Tehran management system and determines challenges andopportunities in this system by investigating Tehran management system to analyzepublic traditional and multi-faceted management features in Tehran. Multi aspectmanagement, housing crisis, marginalization, ground source misuses, councils andmunicipalities are among the most important challenges of Tehran urban management.Considering such situations, management of urban development in Tehran has facedsocial-economical, managerial and incapable development plans and urbancivilization.These conditions necessitate a revelation in managerial system of urbandevelopment in Tehran which can not be accomplished easily and requires a processand “passing period”. This period involves changes in the current managerial systemtowards “planning approach paradigm” which covers progress, flexibility, andadaptability.Based on this planning approach paradigm and manipulated researches, some of themost remarkable approaches in reforming managerial system of urban development inTehran have been introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Review of Urban Quartering Process (The case study: Noshahr and Kelardasht)
احمد Poorahmad مصطفی Ghadami Gh JahanQuarter as a Socio – Physical Unit is one of the components of Urban Space thatcan be defined and distinguished on internal homogeneity basis. Distinguishing anddrawing the real boundries of Quarters and other Urban Spatial Units is used as a basisin Urban Landuse MoreQuarter as a Socio – Physical Unit is one of the components of Urban Space thatcan be defined and distinguished on internal homogeneity basis. Distinguishing anddrawing the real boundries of Quarters and other Urban Spatial Units is used as a basisin Urban Landuse Planning.This base is used to determine the distribution andallocation of Land uses and to determine the standards and Urban Capita. Fundingsthis Research show that regarding the emphsis of Urban Plans to quantity sides andform factors, especially edges and streets in the process of drawing the boundries ofUrban Spatial – Physical Units like Quartering, this process never results in determinigthe real boundries of Quarters and sometime makes the plans more ineffective.Thus inorder to know the real boudries of Quarters it is necessary to pay attention toQualatative Method and Process Factors as a necessity besides Quantative Methodswith an emphsis on Form Factors.This Article is concerned with the important ofQuartering in Urban Planning , critcism the present Quartering Methods and someSuggestion for preparation a Compound Method in The Urban Quartering Process.The mothod used is Analytical based on doucumentry and Field Studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Social Justice and Spatiale equity; An investignation and theoritical comparing of John Rowls and David Harvey
حسین Hataminezhad عمران RastiThe Justice as a popular and interested concept has been among a few conceptsthat are already debated by philosophers and social economic elites and there havebeen various theories about social justice. John Rawls is one of the famous politicalphilosophers in 20th centu MoreThe Justice as a popular and interested concept has been among a few conceptsthat are already debated by philosophers and social economic elites and there havebeen various theories about social justice. John Rawls is one of the famous politicalphilosophers in 20th century and David Harvey is most outstanding geographer insecond half of 20th century too. They have many philosophic approaches and articlesabout social Justice and spatial equity. This paper is going to investigate justiceconcept from point of their views and represent their common and differentiationviews. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Identify river geomorphic figures – part 1: Review of channel bed morphology (case study: northern catchments of central Alborz – Challos to talar )
M.M Hosseinzadeh رضا Esmaili صدرالدین MotevaliRivers are characterized by a continuum of morphological diversity. River geomorphicunits also based on their setting in channel and valley divide to four parts, includingchannel bed morphology, various mid channels, bank-attached and floodplain features.Two primary cha MoreRivers are characterized by a continuum of morphological diversity. River geomorphicunits also based on their setting in channel and valley divide to four parts, includingchannel bed morphology, various mid channels, bank-attached and floodplain features.Two primary channel-reach are recognized; bedrock and alluvium that theirfeatures including: fall, pothole, rapid, cascade, step-pool, plane bed (run), pool-riffleand sand ripple-dune. This paper provides a review of previous researches in rivergeomorphic units that samples and features produced from northern catchments ofcentral Alborz. The examination these river geomorphic units provide a simplyunderstanding of water and sediment transport regime and river behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The role of tourism in making job opportunities In the Cities of Iran (Seargh’s object: Mashhad)
معصومه Hafez-rezazadehToday, Tourism is considered as the biggest and the mist miscellaneous industryin the world-Also it has a special importance for some Countries that are seeking toachieve a stable growth. Tourism industry is not only a capable of making jobopportunities but also it can MoreToday, Tourism is considered as the biggest and the mist miscellaneous industryin the world-Also it has a special importance for some Countries that are seeking toachieve a stable growth. Tourism industry is not only a capable of making jobopportunities but also it can be as a outstanding role to make social equality in urbanincoming’s among the citizens of a place.The holy Mashhad, is Known as one of the great religious cities in the MiddleEast, and welcomes to millions of tourists and pilgrims for its religions, historical. Sothe following research has an intention to find some solutions in making jobopportunities for tourism planning in Mashhad.The result of the following research shows that the Mashhad has a very potentialcapability in making job opportunities and also absorbing foreign currency in cornsthrong tourism.The most main ways at making a job opportunities, in this city are to paving theways to welcome more number of internal and foreign religious tourists, developingand equipping the accommodation centers and entertaining institutes, developing bothAir transportation and Ground trans portative equipments, and also making aemployment offices, tourist information band and well-informed centers in the in sideand outside of country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Modeling of the Relation between Capability Approach and Community Based Approach Disaster Management
Armin Firoozpour Masoud daraei Ali Asghar SadabadiIntroduction and results: Frequent fluctuations of disaster management process in Iran and efforts in order to achieve an influential disaster management system and its successful conduct is still one of the existing challenges in this field. The presentation of the mod MoreIntroduction and results: Frequent fluctuations of disaster management process in Iran and efforts in order to achieve an influential disaster management system and its successful conduct is still one of the existing challenges in this field. The presentation of the modern approach of development entitled “the Capability Approach” by Amarty a Sen, the one and only Asian scientist who won the Noble prize for economics, on one hand and the acceptance of “the Community- Based approach” on the other hand, is considered as one of the newest theories of disaster management among the experts, which by exploiting the collaborative approaches and concentrating on stemming of vulnerability has placed emphasis on the achievement of stable development as its final goal. On the other hand, it caused efforts to be made in this article so while presenting a conceptual model, explain the mutual relation between these two approaches. Method: This project was shaped in the shadow of the hermeneutic approach, in which the researchers were seeking to present a phenomenological explanation in order to create a correct understanding of the two approaches of capability and community- based. For this purpose and to make a bond among abstract propositions in the process of this project and under the influence of rational epistemology, the analytical- logical method was applied and the final model of the project was rooted and extracted via applying research method. Findings: state the existence of a synergetic and interactive relation between these two approaches Conclusion: The results of the research state the existence of a synergetic and interactive relation between these two approaches. In reality, it can be stated that the community- based approach, is an effective tool and phenomenon for the expansion of the capability approach in the process of economic development. Mutually, the theoretic and philosophical depth of the capability approach can bring forth the optimum management and design of the community- based approach of disaster management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Facilitation and Flourishing of Local Capacities and Assets (Case Study: Jafarabad Neighborhood)
Sajjad Zangisheh hojt shekhi farhad bronkIntroduction: One of the most important missions of the facilitation is to identify the capacities and assets of the neighborhood and their flourishing in the direction of local community-based development and endogenous development. Social development is about putting MoreIntroduction: One of the most important missions of the facilitation is to identify the capacities and assets of the neighborhood and their flourishing in the direction of local community-based development and endogenous development. Social development is about putting human beings at the center of development theory. The social development approach emphasizes capacities and therefore empowerment is very important in it. In the transformation of planning approaches from the point of view of the need for base-based assets, attention has been paid to the capacities of the local community in order to empower the community. Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. To analyze the data and information, a combined method (quantitative and qualitative) appropriate to the subject has been used. Also, 461 questionnaires were distributed by simple random method and Cronbach's alpha value for the reliability test of the questionnaire was 0.874, which means that our scale has high validity and reliability. Questionnaire analysis was also performed using statistical methods in SPSS software. Findings: To focus on the assets of the Jafarabad neighborhood, one must first identify the assets. Accordingly, the key assets of the local community include influential people, local associations and clubs (CBOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), support-charitable centers, government agencies, physical assets (educational, sports facilities). And recreation, health and social services and other similar items (social relations, cultural assets, economic and financial assets, etc.) Accordingly, each neighborhood and local community has the conditions, capacities and assets that Relying on them, we can take steps to solve the problems of the neighborhood and the development of the local community.The research findings indicate the low capital and assets of Jafarabad neighborhood in all dimensions. Conclusion: To achieve local community-based development, identify and recognize the potentials and capacities of the neighborhood, the flourishing of local assets is a requirement. Also, by recognizing all the assets and capacities of the neighborhood and their prosperity, local community-based development can be achieved. They must be discovered and given wings and empowered to witness the flight of the neighborhood towards the ideals and goals of urban development. Unfortunately, in Jafarabad neighborhood, urban capacities and capitals have not been discovered and flourished, and this has caused the neighborhood to lag behind in development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The study of neighborhood division and rupture In District 1 Tehran municipality
Yousef Gorgi Mahlabani Mohammad Behzadpour Faranak Saeedifard masoome jafariObjective: The aim of this study was to study the trend of neighborhood subdivision changes in region1 of Tehran municipality especially in Darakeh and Evin neighborhoods and It ends with the creation of small neighborhoods with social and cultural cohesion. Research m MoreObjective: The aim of this study was to study the trend of neighborhood subdivision changes in region1 of Tehran municipality especially in Darakeh and Evin neighborhoods and It ends with the creation of small neighborhoods with social and cultural cohesion. Research methods: The present study was conducted with the practical purpose and refer to authoritative sources of theoretical foundations, the whole statistical population are people and Derekah neighborhood councilors. According to Cochran's formula, 383 people were found and 80 people were randomly interviewed. In this study, descriptive statistics such as concentration and dispersion indices were used to illustrate the status quo and data were analyzed using SPSS software using one-group T-test and Friedman test. The boundary changes are also illustrated with a graphical approach in the GIS environment. In this study, we return to the traditional development approach (neo-urbanism theory), utilizing sustainable development indicators to minimize environmental and social problems. Findings and Conclusion: The results indicate that the indicators of social cohesion and cultural homogeneity, the impact of social relations on the formation of ossification of old neighborhoods, neighborhood center as one of the physical elements of the neighborhood in the physical structure of the city, rules and administrative issues, change the pattern of use of roads and physical expansion of the city, and finally the economic indicators, and some suggestions have been made in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Analysis of citizen participation in community management Case Study: Jamaran Neighborhood
علی Shamaei پرویز Aghaei سامان HeidariIntroduction and purpose of research: The most important factor involved in the local community and effective urban management is to achieve sustainable development. In the development, people must be seen; be given the opportunity to participate which could take the pa MoreIntroduction and purpose of research: The most important factor involved in the local community and effective urban management is to achieve sustainable development. In the development, people must be seen; be given the opportunity to participate which could take the path of development. In the present study, Participation in the management of the neighborhood's residents Jamaran authors analyzed are And strategies to attract people's participation in community management are proposed Methods: This descriptive-analytic study and application-development is the goal. Two methods of data collection and library survey questionnaire was conducted. The sample size was based on Cochran formula, 360 patients were selected. Findings: The rate of participation in the management of neighborhood resident’s Jamaran, at a low level; While Willingness to participate in a high level. Among those who contribute more than 50 percent of the Advisory Physical and economic participation and contributions are allocated to the lowest level. Between social variables and participation in neighborhood management, a significant positive correlation was obtained this means that the increase in social variables, turnout will increase. Conclusion: The development of community-based people's participation. Infrastructure necessary to participate in the management of neighborhood residents in the Jamaran to come, the residents who are interested in participating and that seems to be the obvious potential of local communities especially in terms of participation used. Guidelines in this regard should be provided That people have the ability to participate and neighborhood management in particular those not and all the people involved in neighborhood management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - A survey of Gologicakl Factotes and Effective on Human Community(Case study: Varzaghan)
mohammad reza zandmoghadamIntroduction and Aim: The role and importance of geological factors in the studies and planning of land use and planning today has a special position and importance, therefore, in this research, the characteristics of geological factors and their effect on the human set MoreIntroduction and Aim: The role and importance of geological factors in the studies and planning of land use and planning today has a special position and importance, therefore, in this research, the characteristics of geological factors and their effect on the human settlements of the entire Varzeghan city are investigated. which is considered as the main goal of the current research, has been discussed. Method: The statistical population of this research was made up of 60 geological experts. Since the statistical population in this research is limited, sampling is done using the full enumeration method and the entire statistical population is considered as a statistical sample. In the literature section of the research, the necessary materials were collected using books and other information banks, and in the statistical section, the results obtained with the exploratory method of a questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale were collected. Findings: Then, by using geographic information software (GIS) and also by using geological maps and faults of Varzeghan region and city, the zoning of risks and geological phenomena has been done. Conclusion: Finally, the vulnerability of settlements to geological phenomena has been qualitatively investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - Investigating the Impact of Market Orientation (Centered) on Business Performance and Urban unit (Integrated) Management
ehsan almasi fereshteh shojaee mohamad taherirozbahaniIntroduction: In highly competitive markets, all the company's units should focus their attention on the customer's desired performance. Market orientation and its effect on business performance is one of the important and central topics in market and customer managemen MoreIntroduction: In highly competitive markets, all the company's units should focus their attention on the customer's desired performance. Market orientation and its effect on business performance is one of the important and central topics in market and customer management. A market-oriented approach causes companies to focus on continuous collection of information related to the needs of target customers and the capabilities of competitors and the use of this information in order to create superior value for customers.Method: The current research was conducted with the aim of market orientation (orientation) on business performance and management of an urban unit. The method used in this research is descriptive-survey method and applied in terms of purpose and from the field branch. The statistical population of the research is the most important executive bodies in the field of urban management that perform similar and overlapping activities in the field of urban management, such as: municipality, governorate, telecommunications company, water and sewage, gas and regional electricity distribution company; The target sample was selected from among the managers and vice-presidents of these companies and organizations who were familiar with the topic of inter-organizational relations and integrated urban management. According to the size of the statistical population (150 people), the sample size was 108 people using Morgan's table. The sampling method is simple random or systematic. In this research, the standard integrated urban management questionnaires made by Mohaghegh Babaei and Ebrahimi (2015), measuring the business process management with the questionnaire of Mohammadzadeh Ghalejoy and Bidarian (2016) and the standard questionnaire of market orientation by Naror and Slater (1990) were used. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha was calculated, which indicated the satisfactory reliability of the questionnaires. Findings: The results indicate that market orientation has a positive and direct effect on the business performance and management of an urban unit. (p>0.05) and the predominant response to all the items was "a lot". Conclusion: The results can be helpful for managers who intend to improve their organization's performance by adopting market-oriented strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Identification of Entreprenual Oppurtunities of the High Buildings Industriy in Tehran City
آیت اله ممیز حسن کمالو سیده عاطفه قاسمیIntroduction and Objective: Rapid and uncontrolled growth of population in major cities, and consequently the needs to large-scale housing, on the one hand and preventing the spread of the cities horizontal landscape, on the other hand, made the high-rise building const MoreIntroduction and Objective: Rapid and uncontrolled growth of population in major cities, and consequently the needs to large-scale housing, on the one hand and preventing the spread of the cities horizontal landscape, on the other hand, made the high-rise building construction as an essential solution to the land problem. Hence understanding the available opportunities in the construction industry, particularly in high-rise building construction could cause identifying favorable opportunities to develop entrepreneurial in upstream and downstream industries of high-rise building construction. This study seeks to answer the question of what entrepreneurial opportunities are in high-rise building construction industry, in the city of Tehran. Methods: This study used research methods of combination techniques and Morrison recitatif analysis.In the qualitative part, 20 experts were interviewed and focus group meetings were held. In the quantitative part, inorder to identify entrepreneurial opportunities in the the high-rise building construction industry in the city of Tehran, a questionnaire based on Ulwick model with two measures of "satisfaction" and "significance" was designed. After approval of relevant experts in the field, the questionnaires were distributed among industry participants and then collected. Findings: After approval of relevant experts in the field, the questionnaires were distributed among industry participants and then collected. the end, the results shows that entrepreneurial opportunities lies in "providing technical trainings for technicians and workers" , "providing professional trainings for senior-level project management and construction" , " Identifying and recommending the intelligent building management systems to industry participants" , "providing professional training for the operation and management of buildings", and " Development of business-oriented research and development (R&Ds) and introducing new specific technologies and equipments to high-rise building construction industry. Conclusions: The results show an increase in demand in the construction industry in today's society and the tendency of consumers to use the service, one of the sources of entrepreneurial opportunities are identified and Service. Each of these opportunities can lead to the development of many businesses. This employment staffing specialists, technicians, workers have contributed and ultimately will lead to economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Promoting Social Vitality with a Community-Based Approach in Informal Settlements (Case Study: Koshtargah Neighborhood-Urmia)
Rasoul Darskhan Nima BayramzadehPurpose: The main purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between descriptive variables and social vitality in informal settlements, which ultimately in order to promote social vitality with a community-based approach and using neighborhood and extra-neigh MorePurpose: The main purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between descriptive variables and social vitality in informal settlements, which ultimately in order to promote social vitality with a community-based approach and using neighborhood and extra-neighborhood potentials to propose strategies. Method: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The materials used have been collected in the form of documentary and field impressions. Data collection tools are in several forms: observation, questionnaire, interview and filing. The statistical population of the study is the residents of the Koshtargah neighborhood and and according to Cochran's formula, the sample size is 372 people. Data analysis will be done both quantitatively and qualitatively. In the quantitative dimension of statistical methods and in the qualitative dimension, the results of statistical surveys and questionnaires are analyzed. Findings: According to Spearman and Mann-Whitney U test, the results of this study indicate the existence of an average direct relationship between the variables of marital status, education level, employment status, income level and social vitality and there is little inverse relationship between age and social vitality Also, according to the average rank, women have higher social vitality than men. Results: In order to empower and promote social vitality based on the potentials, neighborhood assets and community-based approach in the Koshtargah neighborhood, four types of strategies:SO, WO, ST, WT have been developed and presented for the neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Spatial Analysis of Factors Influencing the Increase in Housing Prices in Tabriz Using Correlation and Regression Model
Shahrivar Rosraei Mohammad Reza Pour Mohammadi farzane darvishIntroduction and Objective: Price is the most important variable in the land and housing sector, which is responsible for providing economic resources, informing and providing the necessary signals to investors. The analysis of spatial performance of the housing m MoreIntroduction and Objective: Price is the most important variable in the land and housing sector, which is responsible for providing economic resources, informing and providing the necessary signals to investors. The analysis of spatial performance of the housing market is very important for the study of the city's social well-being. This study aimed to investigate the variables influencing the housing prices in two residential units, villas and apartments based on the literature and empirical studies in Tabriz were studied. These variables include four variable Socio - economic, physical, environmental and variable access housing units Were measured in all urban areas,s tabriz. research method: The variable data through questionnaires from households and housing prices is based on authentic and real estate agents. To analyze the relationship between the variables discussed as independent variables and housing prices as the dependent variable was used the Pearson correlation and regression model. Foun: According to the results of Pearson correlation test, there is a positive and significant relationship between independent and dependent variables. The results of the regression model show that the four variables have a direct and significant effect on the increase in housing prices in residential units and apartment buildings. In the villa oasis, the variables of access to residential units and socio-economic factors of the household and in apartment units, environmental variables (neighborhood) and access to housing alone have an impact on the rise in housing prices. Result: The results of this research show that in total villa and apartment units, the variable quality of the facade of the building, the area of the infrastructure, the number of rooms in the residential unit and the land area have had the greatest impact on the rise in housing prices in the metropolis of Tabriz. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Testing Citizens’ Electronic Readiness in Establishing E-Government, E-Municipality, and E-Banking
مهرزاد سرفرازیThe present research’s aim is examining and testing citizens’ electronic readiness in accord with utilizing IT and making use of e-governmental services, e-banking, and e-municipality in the citizens domiciled in Larestan, Grash, Evaz, Khonj, and Beiram. Sta MoreThe present research’s aim is examining and testing citizens’ electronic readiness in accord with utilizing IT and making use of e-governmental services, e-banking, and e-municipality in the citizens domiciled in Larestan, Grash, Evaz, Khonj, and Beiram. Statistical community of this research includes the citizens older than 17 that contain 8500 people. This research has been chosen based on the formula of the sample bulk haphazardly by making use of the cluster –sampling method. The research questioner includes 30 questions that have been written based on the research questions by the researcher. For narrative testing the questioner has made use of the narrative concerning its content and for accounting validity indices all the measurements in this research have been done by Kronbakh Alpha method. Analyzing the data in the present research has been conducted in both descriptive and deductive layers of statistics. The data in this research questions indicate that if the government provide the citizens with necessary foundations for rendering the services in IT and internet, the citizens are ready to accept and utilize electronic services presented by the banks, municipalities, and governmental organizations via internet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Evaluation of the Performance of Durable and Safe Houses Affiliated to Tehran Municipality in Order to Promote Community-Oriented Participation of Citizens in Crises
shahin Mozaffari Morteza shafiee Hamid Mamoodian AtaAbadiIntroduction and purpose: It is not possible to implement comprehensive programs in the field of crisis management without the conscious participation of citizens, and it is necessary to plan with institutional capacity building and their empowerment in crises. In this MoreIntroduction and purpose: It is not possible to implement comprehensive programs in the field of crisis management without the conscious participation of citizens, and it is necessary to plan with institutional capacity building and their empowerment in crises. In this regard, Tehran Municipality has started a popular and voluntary organization in the neighborhood house with the title of Durability and Safety House, so the purpose of this research is to provide a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of these Durability and Safety Houses affiliated with Tehran Municipality in order to promote community-oriented participation of citizens in crises. Method: The research method used in this research is applied in nature and its method is contextual-case. Also, a combination of two field and library methods has been used to collect data. In line with data analysis, the mathematical model of Rough Data Envelopment analysis has been used. Also, the statistical population of this research, in terms of examining the efficiency of durable and safe houses, includes 22 durable and safe houses, and in terms of determining the effective indicators in their selection, it includes 55 experts in crisis matters, and due to the limited nature of the society, all members of the society were considered as a statistical sample. Findings: The findings indicate that among the 22 durability and safety houses investigated, 11 areas are efficient and the rest are ineffective. Conclusion: Considering the central role of durability and safety houses and the participation of citizens in preventing the occurrence of crises, the need to stabilize and measure their performance and efficiency is of great importance. In this regard, it is necessary for the municipalities to cooperate as much as possible with the citizens and formulate coherent plans and implement them in durable and safe houses in order to reduce the scope of the crisis during and after it occurs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - Opportunities and Challenges for Councils and Council Assistances
احمد مسجد جامعیPhenomenon of councils in the religion of Islam is about 1400 years old and its importance is emphasized and clearly declared in holy Quran. One of the important developments in the social-political realm of the country was the formation of city councils in 1998. Today, MorePhenomenon of councils in the religion of Islam is about 1400 years old and its importance is emphasized and clearly declared in holy Quran. One of the important developments in the social-political realm of the country was the formation of city councils in 1998. Today, the local councils are the mechanisms that can create democracy at the local level, providing services and help the increase in social cohesion. Development of councils can cause the expanse of non-governmental organizations, increase in public participation in their own affairs and making the urban management institutions accountable. In this article the concept of the councils is defined initially and this concept is reviewed in the country and then various types of councils are stated. Afterwards, the position of councils in Islam and Legislation is explained and finally the internal and external problems of the councils are pointed and some solutions are offered to help to empower the council assistances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Factors affecting the possibility of developing Research and Development units in water users cooperatives in Lake UrmiaA case study of managers of East Azerbaijan province
Javad Mahmoodi Karamjavan masoud akbari asbaghthe present study aims to identify the status and prioritization of effective factors in the development and establishment of R&D units in East Azarbaijan water users Co-operatives. Questionnaire was used as the main tool for data collection and spss statistical sof Morethe present study aims to identify the status and prioritization of effective factors in the development and establishment of R&D units in East Azarbaijan water users Co-operatives. Questionnaire was used as the main tool for data collection and spss statistical software used for data analysis. The statistical population of the research includes 317 managers of water users cooperatives in the province, of which 175 people were selected as a statistical sample based on the Morgan table using a simple random method and quota. The results showed that the cooperative managers did not have a positive attitude towards development and creation of R&D units. Stepwise multiple regression results showed that four variables (income satisfaction, decision-making rate, managers' awareness of the benefits of R&D units, and marital status) accounted for about 81.6% of the variance in the factors affecting the rate. Explain the development of R&D units, as well as the findings of the research lacking confidence in the usefulness of R&D departments in cooperatives, the lack of managers' awareness of the benefits of R&D units, and the lack of coordination between relevant R&D Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Investigating the Effect of Carbon Sequestration Project on Local Community Empowerment: A Case of Tilabad Watershed in Golestan Province
Nafiseh Emami Amir Ahmadpour Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani Mohamad Reza ShahrakiEmpowerment of local communities is the most integral part of participatory plans in natural resources management. This research aimed to investigate one of natural resources participatory projects entitled Carbon Sequestration Project (CSP) in empowering local communit MoreEmpowerment of local communities is the most integral part of participatory plans in natural resources management. This research aimed to investigate one of natural resources participatory projects entitled Carbon Sequestration Project (CSP) in empowering local communities in Tilabad Watershed region of Azad Shahr county in Golestan province. The study population consisted of 1309 members of 100 small rural credit funds with at least two years of experiences in three villages of Vamanan, Sibchal and Kashidar. Using Krejcie-Morgan table, 298 samples were selected. Data were collected by a questionnaire that its validity and reliability were confirmed by faculty members and Cranach’s alpha coefficient respectively. Results showed that CSP had positive impact on empowerment of local communities. The impact was the highest on psychological dimension whereas impact on economic dimension was the lowest. The results also showed that there were no significant relationships between respondents' personal characteristics and different dimensions of empowerment. Furthermore, impact of this project was more for gardener, members of the cooperatives, recipient of loan and participants in extension education courses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Local Communities Attitudes towards the Construction of the Beheshtabad Reservoir Dam in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Esmail Karamidehkord Ladan Naderi Soleiman BahmaniConstructing reservoir dams for water storage and inter-basin water transfer is one of the main policies of recent decades in Iran for providing water that can have numerous positive or negative impacts on dam-affected local communities living in origin basin or people MoreConstructing reservoir dams for water storage and inter-basin water transfer is one of the main policies of recent decades in Iran for providing water that can have numerous positive or negative impacts on dam-affected local communities living in origin basin or people living in the receiving watersheds. This research aimed to investigate local communities' attitude towards the construction of the Beheshtabad reservoir dam in the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province using a survey methodology. A sample of 200 out of 3514 households of the origin basin who may be affected if the dam is constructed was randomly selected. The data were collected using the structured interview technique and a questionnaire confirmed in terms of validity and reliability measures. Local communities tended to have negative attitude towards constructing the dam, particularly that it would cause the destruction of the basin's environment and nature and escalating rural-urban migration and socio-cultural abnormalities of local communities. Regression analysis showed that the attitude is explained by dependency on natural resources, having agricultural occupation, land area, the number of days working as nonagricultural laborer, access to external services and facilities and income from handcraft production. The households with higher dependency on natural resources and with occupations depended on the area, particularly agriculture and sales occupation, had higher negative attitudes, while the households who worked outside the origin basin, specially nonagricultural workers, and the households with higher access to external services and facilities and resources less affected by the dam had less negative attitudes towards the dam construction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Explaining the Distinctive Professional Competencies Performance of Greenhouse Managers Production units in Southern Khorasan Province
Mohammad Motamedi Koroush roosta Asadullah Zamanipour Malihe FalakiPresent study conducted with the aim of explaining the distinctive Professional competencies performance of managers in greenhouse production units in Southern Khorasan. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlational in terms of colle MorePresent study conducted with the aim of explaining the distinctive Professional competencies performance of managers in greenhouse production units in Southern Khorasan. The research method was applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-correlational in terms of collecting data. The study was conducted through the survey method. The statistical population of the study was 141 greenhouse owners from greenhouse cucumber production Units who were selected through the census method due to the limited statistical population. The instrument used for collecting data in this study was a questionnaire. At the time of research, 117 active greenhouses and information were collected and the statistical analysis was using of the discriminant analysis. The results of the analysis showed that out of the 23 independent variables examined, only 8 variables including observing the technical principles of growing operation, observing ethical beliefs, observing managerial competencies, observing the basic/generic competencies, the method of preparing the planting bed, the number of extension-training courses, the method of preparing the terrace and the planting operation, and the experience in greenhouse cultivation could maximally differ between successful and unsuccessful managers of greenhouse cucumber production Units in order of priority based on focal correlation coefficient.Explaining the Distinctive Professional Competencies Performance of Greenhouse Managers Production units in Southern Khorasan Province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Finding Common Weights in Two-Stage Network DEA
Mohammad Reza Mozaffari mehrnoosh khazraei -
Open Access Article
155 - Performance Evaluation of Decision Making Units Using Data Envelopment Model and Artificial Neural Network (Case Study: Fars Regional Water Corporation)
Morteza shafiee Saeedeh Akbarpoor Sara Salari Dargi -
Open Access Article
156 - Malmquist Productivity Index Based on Means of Weights for Ranking of Decision Making Units in Data Envelopment Analysis
Sorena Jafarigorzin Iraj Asadi Talooki -
Open Access Article
157 - Using Multi-Objective Linear Programming (MOLP) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models in Non-discretionary Performance Measurement
Sahar Khoshfetrat Mojtaba Ghiyasi -
Open Access Article
158 - Evaluating Efficiency by Multiplier Method in Two-Stage Unit with Undesirable Outputs
Sepideh Vatani -
Open Access Article
159 - Identification of congestion in two-stage data envelopment analysis
Mohhamad Seyfpanah -
Open Access Article
160 - Predicting the Efficiency of Decision-Making Unit by Using Piecewise Polynomial Extrapolation in Different Times
G.R. Jahanshahloo M. Naghavi J. Saeidian H. Azada -
Open Access Article
161 - Computation of Output Losses due to Congestion in Data Envelopment Analysis
M. Khodabakhshi H. Zare Haghighi -
Open Access Article
162 - The Most Revenue Efficiency with Price Uncertainty
Samira Salehpour Nazila Aghayi -
Open Access Article
163 - Efficiency Evaluation and Ranking DMUs in the Presence of Interval Data with Stochastic Bounds
Hamid Sharafi Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh Alireza Salehi Mohammad Izadikhah -
Open Access Article
164 - Revise Approach to Measuring Congestion Based on the Comparison of Inputs
A.A. Nouraa E. Hosseini -
Open Access Article
165 - Evaluation of Unit's Performance in Presence of Subunits by Using GDEA
A. Ghasemikia Z. Iravani -
Open Access Article
166 - Satisfaction Function in Present Undesirable Factors
Zohreh Iravani Mohammad Mohseni Takaloo -
Open Access Article
167 - Data Envelopment Analysis with LINGO Modeling for Technical Educational Group of an Organization
Mohd Rizwanullah -
Open Access Article
168 - Presentation of a Novel Integrated DEA-BSC Model with Network Structure in Multi Objective Programmig
Kianoosh Kianfar Mahnaz Ahadzadeh Namin Akbar Alam Tabriz Esmaeil Najafi Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi -
Open Access Article
169 - Evaluation and Complete Ranking of Islamic Azad University Unit Golestan Province with DEA Approach and a New Way of OEP / AHP+
Sima Madadi Masoume Yazdanpanah Maryaki Mohammad Reza Moazami Goudarzi -
Open Access Article
170 - Data Envelopment Analysis with Sensitive Analysis and Super-efficiency in Indian Banking Sector
Q. Farooq Dar T. Rao Pad A. Muhammad Tali Yaser Hamid F Danish -
Open Access Article
171 - Measuring a Dynamic Efficiency Based on MONLP Model under DEA Control
K. Gholami Z. Ghelej Beigi -
Open Access Article
172 - Comparison of six different medicinal plants effects on humoral immune system performance of broiler chickens
سامان مهدوی، یوسف مهماننواز .The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of six different medicinal plants on humoral immune system performance of broiler chickens. 420 one-day-old male broilers (308 Ross strain) were used in a completely randomized design in 7 treatments and three replica MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of six different medicinal plants on humoral immune system performance of broiler chickens. 420 one-day-old male broilers (308 Ross strain) were used in a completely randomized design in 7 treatments and three replicates (20 birds per replicate) for 42 days. The treatment groups consisted of a control(Group1) assigned to the basal diet and experimental groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were basal diet supplemented with 1% Mentha pulegium L., 1% Thymus vulgaris, 1% Cicorium intibus, 1% Satureja hortensis, 1% Malva neglecta and 1% Urtica dioica of aerial parts powder in the feedstuff, respectively. B1 Newcastle vaccine was used in all groups of broilers at 10 and 25 days of age. Two birds from each replicate (6 birds from each group, totally)were randomly chosen and blood sample was taken on the 24th and 34th days of experimental period and Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test was performed on sera and the heterophil: lymphocyte ratio was calculated. Regarding HI test (Antibody levels against Newcastle virus vaccine), it didn’t show statistical significance in different treatment groups. Regarding heterophil: lymphocyte ratio, only the group that had received 1% Urtica dioica showed statistical significance in comparison with control group (P< 0.05) and other groups didn’t show any statistical significance.Probably, other amounts of these medicinal plants (separately or mixed together) may effectively improve the immune system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - The effect of combination of probiotic, lactase enzyme and special antibodies on humoral immunity and histomorphology of lymphoid organs in broiler chickens
Molakhah, H., Zakeri, A.* .The aim of this research has been to determine the effect compound of probiotics, lactase enzyme and antibodies on improving the histomorphology characters of lymphoid organs and improving growth humoral immunity of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 96 broilers (W- Ro MoreThe aim of this research has been to determine the effect compound of probiotics, lactase enzyme and antibodies on improving the histomorphology characters of lymphoid organs and improving growth humoral immunity of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 96 broilers (W- Ross 308) have been randomly divided into two groups of 48 with 4 replicates. For evaluation of humoral immunity, samples were selected from each replication randomly at 3rd, 23th and 42th day of production, and cc blood was got from wing vein and HI was tested. For evaluation of histomorphology of lymphoid organs at the end of period, randomly two slaughter samples were selected from each replication has been sent to the histology lab. The results of statistical analysis were shown that rate of antibodies was non significant at -day – old (p>0.05) and it was significant at days and days (p). Microscopic studies of lymphoid organs (Bursa of fabricius, spleen and thymus) were shown significant statistical difference (p<0.05) but non significant at other parameters. According to the results of using of the combination can improved humoral immune system and has no medicinal residue in poultry meat, it can be an appropriate substitute for growth stimulating antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Effects of different levels of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) essential oil on hepatorenal histopathology and biofunction, protein profile and immunity in broiler chickens
, S. Amini , F. Mohammadi . HR. ShahbaziThe current study was conducted to investigate the effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) essential oil on hepatiorenal histopathology and biofunction, protein profile and immunity in broiler chickens. A 42-day fully randomized trial was conducted using 180 male broi MoreThe current study was conducted to investigate the effects of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) essential oil on hepatiorenal histopathology and biofunction, protein profile and immunity in broiler chickens. A 42-day fully randomized trial was conducted using 180 male broilers (Ross 308) divided into 4 main groups (15 birds in each) with three replicates, supplemented with the different levels of herbal essential oil as follow: I) Control (basal diet only); II) basal diet + 250 ppm oil; III) basal diet + 350 ppm oil; Ⅳ) basal diet + 450 ppm oil. The following indices were evaluated: relative weights of liver and kidney, renal injury biomarkers including urea and creatinine, hepatic biomarkers including the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), protein profile including total protein, albumin and globulin and finally immunoglobulins A, G and M. Furthermore, histologic sections of liver and kidney were studied using a semi quantitative method. The obtained results indicated that clove could increase the levels of proteins and immunoglobulins dose dependently. However, the highest dose (450 ppm) could significantly alter hepatic and renal histopathology and biomarkers. Moreover, pathologic damages were more severe in liver compared to kidney. In conclusion, clove essential oil exerts beneficial effects on protein profile and immunity in broilers, however, it may damage liver and kidney in higher doses. Therefore, optimal and safe doses of the plant should be used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Providing a method for determining the flood producing regions based on the relationship between flooding index and morphometric
بهارک معتمدوزیری Masoumeh Gharib Hasan AhmadiRiver basin planning is an essential factor for sustainable development and land management. Therefore, sub-basins prioritizing and detecting morphometrically characteristics to identify the hydrological behaviors of watersheds and designing management strategies are ve MoreRiver basin planning is an essential factor for sustainable development and land management. Therefore, sub-basins prioritizing and detecting morphometrically characteristics to identify the hydrological behaviors of watersheds and designing management strategies are very important. The aim of present study is to prioritize the flooding of the basin by distributional method and provide a method for determining the flood generating areas in the Tangrah watershed. To this end, the inputs of the rainfall-runoff model were extracted and then the model was calibrated and validated. For this purpose, the inputs of the rainfall-runoff model were extracted and then modclark model calibrated and validated. In the next step, in order to determine the flooding of homogeneous units and sub-basins with unit flood response method, sequential removal and replacement of these units and simulation of flood hydrographs for designed rainfall were carried out at the Golestan National Park's rain gauge station. Then the effect of each homogeneous unit and sub-basin on the total output hydrograph in the watershed was calculated. Finally, for a flood with a return period of 50 years and 100 years for non-statistical watersheds, a correlated multivariable correlation between morphometric parameters and flood index was presented. The results of the potential runoff production map with the return period of 50 and 100 years showed that the runoff production potential was upward downstream of the basin, and the homogeneous unit 116 was recognized as the most effective unit in the high runoff potential, which is due to more rainfall as well as The steep slope and high (CN) in this homogeneous unit, the runoff production potential is nearer the outlet of the basin than the upstream areas. The results of this study showed that by integrating the GIS and hydrologic models, we can investigate the interaction of physiographic and climatic factors on the spill potential of watersheds. Considering the peak synchronization and the flood roughing role in the rivers, prioritized sub-areas as desired Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Investigation of some Soil Physico-Chemical along with Micromorphological Properties with Calcareous and Gypsiferous Parent Materials in Different Landscaping Units (Case study: Lorestan province, Alashtar)
kolsoum rahmansalari Mohamad Amir Delavar Mehrdad Esfandiari ebrahim paziraBackground and Objectives: The optimum and sustainable use of soil is only possible with a correct and complete understanding of its properties. This study was conducted to investigate of should be omitted some physical, chemical, and micromorphology properties of soil MoreBackground and Objectives: The optimum and sustainable use of soil is only possible with a correct and complete understanding of its properties. This study was conducted to investigate of should be omitted some physical, chemical, and micromorphology properties of soil formed on the should be added landscapes in the should be added semi-arid region of Lorestan province.Materials and Methods: For this study 5 profiles, a long, a should be omitted transect in the direction of slop (plateau, gravelly colluvial fan and pediment plain) were identified in the area, and divided into different physiographic unit based on the type of parent material. At each, physiographic units a profil was excavated, dissected sampled. Physicochemical together with micromorphological observations performed and Soil Taxonomy and WRB were used for soil classification.Results: The results showed that should be omitted low amounts of organic carbon in the surface and depths of the soil due to the high rate of decomposition of these substances in these areas. The equivalent calcium carbonate in all profiles showed an increasing trend with depth. Thin section investigation showed that there was not much difference between the horizons in terms of the type of voids and the relative distribution of large particles (C/F). Planar, vugh and cannel voids were the most dominant voids of the profiles. Accumulation of calcite was seen in various forms such as coating, infilling, needle- shaped calcite, and nodules calcite which indicates that secondary calcite, and caused a should be omitted crystallite calcite of kind b-fabric. Soil structure in most the horizons of kind angular blocky and sub angular blocky. Also, lenticular plates gypsum was observed on the Bky horizon on the of the gypsum physiographic units plateau. According According to the existence of pedogenic gypsum in the soils of the region, and the important of the gypsum horizon in the soil classification system and its important effect on plant growth. New great groups, and subgroups of Xerepts (Gypsic Calcixerepts) are suggested to be included in soil taxonomy.Conclusion: Results of the study showed raise in topography and parent material on the variability of soil properties in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - The Book of Isaiah: the Unity of Authorship or the Multiple Authorship
Mazaher AhmadtobiThe Book of Isaiah is one of the three books of the second part of the Nevi’im, the Major Latter Prophets, from three parts of the Hebrew Bible. Some of scholars believe that the entire sixty and six chapters of the Book of Isaiah are the product of a single autho MoreThe Book of Isaiah is one of the three books of the second part of the Nevi’im, the Major Latter Prophets, from three parts of the Hebrew Bible. Some of scholars believe that the entire sixty and six chapters of the Book of Isaiah are the product of a single author, the historical Isaiah of Jerusalem, by citing the linguistic, stylistic, and theological similarities. But majority of scholars divide it into three distinct parts, by citing the historical, linguistic, stylistic, and theological differences and assign them, respectively, to First Isaiah, Second Isaiah, and Third Isaiah. This article, written in descriptive and analytic way, deals with the historical background of the unity of authorship or the multiple authorship of this book, and the factors of the adherents of each of these views. Adherents of the unity of authorship consider use of the concepts such as a highway, Zion, the holy one of Israel, and pangs of a woman in travail throughout the book as justifying their views. Adherents of the multiple authorship respond to it by saying Second Isaiah, and Third Isaiah were the followers of Isaiah and then these similarities come from this point. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Similarity of Concept and Function of Good and Evil Forces in Ancient Iran and the Dead Sea Scrolls
طاهره حاج ابراهیمی علی قادری اردکانیThe manuscripts unearthed in 1947 between the border of Israel andJordan on the shore of the Dead Sea are known as The Dead SeaScrolls. They belong to Essenes who had cut off from the main body ofJudaism in opposition and constituted a community known as Qumran.There ar MoreThe manuscripts unearthed in 1947 between the border of Israel andJordan on the shore of the Dead Sea are known as The Dead SeaScrolls. They belong to Essenes who had cut off from the main body ofJudaism in opposition and constituted a community known as Qumran.There are interesting concepts in the Scrolls that are very similar toZoroastrian ideas. The main idea in the Dead Sea Scrolls is the war ofthe Sons of Light against the Sons of Darkness which is similar to thecontrast between Ahura Mazda and Ahriman in Zoroastrian mythology.The confrontation of the Good and the Evil leads to a universal warbetween angels and demons which finally by the victory of the Goodforces comes to an end. Moreover, in both traditions the Good and Evilforces are organized in a precise hierarchy. Since these concepts areabsent in the early Jewish traditions and Hebrew Bible, some scholarsbelieve that they appear in Jewish tradition under the influence ofZoroastrianism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Ibn Sab‘īn on the Ladder of “Unity of Being” or “Absolute Unity of Being”
فاطمه دوست قرینIn the history of Islamic thought, the conflicting views of the believersof “unity of being” have led to different interpretations, in as much as,some of these believers have claimed the novelty and uniqueness oftheir own theories. As a prominent example Ibn MoreIn the history of Islamic thought, the conflicting views of the believersof “unity of being” have led to different interpretations, in as much as,some of these believers have claimed the novelty and uniqueness oftheir own theories. As a prominent example Ibn Sab‘īn, a controversialAndalusian mystic, regards his theory of “absolute unity of being” asan essentially distinguished theory in the history of Islamic thought.Examining this claim, this article has arrived to the conclusion that it isnot true. In fact, his theory is the continuation of the tradition ofMuslim mystics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The Upanišadic Theology
M.J. ShamsPhilosophical inclinations of Vedic hymns are considered in Upanišads indetailed. Instead of Vedic commendatory hymns addressing Gods andGoddesses, searching the hidden Truth and finding a fixed and unchangeableprinciple within transitory and unstable phenomena i MorePhilosophical inclinations of Vedic hymns are considered in Upanišads indetailed. Instead of Vedic commendatory hymns addressing Gods andGoddesses, searching the hidden Truth and finding a fixed and unchangeableprinciple within transitory and unstable phenomena is viewable in Upanišads.While Vedic hymns speak of various and scattered divisions of the supremebeing, Upanišads suppose one concealed Reality more transcendent than allthe transitions and changes of the mundane world. The Vedic Gods aremessengers of the one light which is appeared as the universal creation. Byreferring to Upanišads, we encounter with an interesting transformation:transition from objective to subjective, from anxious wandering of theexternal world to a quiet meditation in depth and meaning of the essence andself. The Upanišads notice to the rout of the esoteric ascension extensively, aninterior travel by that, the individual selves would be able to acquire theUltimate Reality, the same reality which is within us. It is a supreme andAbsolute Truth which is completely different and far from the phenomenalworld and the whole cosmos; and on the other hand, is indeed identical withall the phenomena and universe Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Unity of Religion from the Rumi’s Point of View
عبدالرضا مظاهریAccording to the Sufis the relation between God and the world issimilar to the relation between sun and its rays so all prophets camefrom a single source of light; however lay people who have engaged inmaterial matters could not appreciate this unity, therefore, called MoreAccording to the Sufis the relation between God and the world issimilar to the relation between sun and its rays so all prophets camefrom a single source of light; however lay people who have engaged inmaterial matters could not appreciate this unity, therefore, called theprophets as Moses, Jesus and etc. Since people could not realize theessence of religion, they start interpreting it according to theirunderstanding, and as a result, fighting with each other. Rumi believesthat prophets are the representatives of God on the earth and by usingallegory he tries to explain the unity of the path of prophets. Accordingto Rumi, the mystery of the oneness of religion will be discovered onlyby cutting through the exoteric side of it. From his viewpoint the innateGod-given religion, or the real divine unity, and the devotional prayerare the essence of religion and if people understand this reality, theirconflict will be disappeared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Ahmad Jām’s Social Approach to his Contemporary Religious Guilds
محمود Sheikh Zahra AmirkhanIn the works of Shaikh Ahmad Jām (11-12 A.D), besides his attention to mystical and moral issues, he often considers the social problems. By employing content analysis method, this article tries to describe his approach towards his contemporary religious guilds. Accordi MoreIn the works of Shaikh Ahmad Jām (11-12 A.D), besides his attention to mystical and moral issues, he often considers the social problems. By employing content analysis method, this article tries to describe his approach towards his contemporary religious guilds. According to his works, one can distinguish three different classes in the religious community: firstly the sacred characters who are completely acceptable, such as ascetics, mystics and sages. Secondly, a group that consists of good and bad characters, such as Sufis and Dervishes. Thirdly a group that consists of hypocrites who just care about the outside elements of the religion. From this categorization, it is obvious that Shaikh Jām just preoccupied with religious community and did not pay attention to other classes of society, such as rulers and merchants. Moreover, he numerated the attributes of these classes from which one can guess his focus was on the ethics and spirituality and he did not concern about socio-political issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The Transformation of Human Love to Divine Love from Rūzbahān Baqlī's Viewpoint
زهرا Koshki انشاالله Rahmati GH Arya علیرضا EbrahimAccording to the doctrine of love in the Sufi worldview, the relation between human love and Divine love has always been the subject of debate and has made it a factor to explain the "hierarchy of monotheism". This paper, which is compiled in a descriptive-analytical an MoreAccording to the doctrine of love in the Sufi worldview, the relation between human love and Divine love has always been the subject of debate and has made it a factor to explain the "hierarchy of monotheism". This paper, which is compiled in a descriptive-analytical and phenomenological approach, shows that for Rūzbahān Baqlī, the relation between human love and Divine love is not from the viewpoint of “al-Majaz Qantaratu al-Haqiqah” but from the view that a genuine human love is God’s love. Rūzbahān, especially by highlighting the concept of "esoteric monotheism" versus "formal monotheism", reveals significant differences with its three contemporaries, followers of Shari'ah, outspoken Sufis, and most of the mystics of his time. Finally, by explaining the meaning of the two words Ighanah and Iltibas, He introduces the focus on "manifestations" of that eternal truth in the form of creatures, especially human beings, as the only way to understand the eternal beauty of God and to taste the love of communion and attainment of inner monotheism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Evaluation of Healthy Eating Index in Mashhad Central Prison in the year 2008se
Mohammad Safarian Shohreh Eshghi Niloofar Rajaee Mohsen Mazidi Habibollah Esmaeili Ali Babaie Mohsen NematiIntroduction: Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was first developed to assess and monitor nutritional status of Americans by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1989. HEI is one of the scoring systems in nutritional researches. Since prison is an isolated pla MoreIntroduction: Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was first developed to assess and monitor nutritional status of Americans by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1989. HEI is one of the scoring systems in nutritional researches. Since prison is an isolated place and prisoner’s state of health to some degree depends on the food consumed, therefore the nutritional status by this index might have some implementations for the policy makers.Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study 435 prisoners (48 females and 387 males) were recruited using stratified random sampling method proportional to the ward population. Food intake from different sources in prison was assessed by analysing prison food menu, measuring wasted foods and food bought and provided by prison supermarkets. Results: HEI score in Mashhad Central Prison was 80 percent of the total calculated score.Scores for consumption of fruit, meat and poultry, dairy products and food variety were 0, 4, 9.5 and 9 respectively. Other food groups concerned with vegetable and cereals had scores of 10. Sodium intake representing the salt consumption was not measured.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that eating pattern of prisoners is healthy but steps might be taken to improve the quality of the food consumed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Effect of Active Coating with Carboxy Methyl Cellulose and Tragacanth Containing Cloves Extract on Some Quality and Shelf Life of Eggs During Storage
R. Roudashtian Sh. Shabani G.H. AsadiIntroduction: Among foods, egg is noticeable due to its high content of proteins, essential amino acids and fat soluble vitamins. The presence of low amount of water and carbon dioxide inside the shell have direct effect in the freshness and quality of the egg. These tw MoreIntroduction: Among foods, egg is noticeable due to its high content of proteins, essential amino acids and fat soluble vitamins. The presence of low amount of water and carbon dioxide inside the shell have direct effect in the freshness and quality of the egg. These two elements may fade away during storage and therefore the quality may be diminished as the result. A novel method for preventing this phenomenon is the coating of relevant channels by biopolymeric materials. In this study, the effect of coating with CMC biopolymer reinforced with tragacanth containing clove ethanolic extract during storage were evaluated. Materials and Methods: The qualitative factors studied were percentage, weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index, albumin pH, shell resistancy in 30 days of room temperature. Results: The results that were counted out in triplicate orders indicated that 1.5% CMC, 1.5% tragacanth, 10% clove extract concentrations exhibited the best results. conclusion: It might be concluded that coating as mentioned earlier had a positive effect and meaningful difference with the uncoated samples improved and extended the storage shelf life of eggs at room temperature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Studing the Role of Education in Raising the Ecological Literacy of the Rural Community (Case Study: Aftabdar Village in Qazvin Alamut Region)
hossein medi Atefeh khani alamoutiBackground and Objective: By reviewing human activities during last decades, it seems that inappropriate human activities and changes in the environment caused immense ecological problems and sometimes it is irreparable. Ecosystems in the nature are so various and destr MoreBackground and Objective: By reviewing human activities during last decades, it seems that inappropriate human activities and changes in the environment caused immense ecological problems and sometimes it is irreparable. Ecosystems in the nature are so various and destruction of one gradually destroys the entire ecosystem and thus will disturb the ecology of the area. The result of this article is: Understanding Mechanisms and Construction Method in Mountainous Regions and Ecosystems, The training of environmental and animal sensitivities, attractiveness and attraction (rivers, lands, soils, etc.) and the energy available in the region to people, gardeners, agricultural technicians, etc., using new and appropriate methods instead of past Old and obsolete methods & The need to remind and show the damage that has been inflicted by people outside the area to the targeted area. Since there have been a few numbers of ecological studies in Qazvin, and even in Iran, and because of diverse animal and plant species and natural, lack of biological resources and abundant internal energy region of Alamout, recognition the species and finally to educate the results of the investigation to people are required. Method: Our research method is survey and the analysis of research hypotheses test is done by using the deductive method and SPSS software. Findings: Due to these requirements, the study is based on interviews with experts from the Department of Environment, Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center of Qazvin _ and several professors of Imam Khomeini International University and a group of experts and CEOs of cooperatives and even people in order to analyze the importance of Ecological education. Discussion and Conclusion: In the following sections, with review these statistics and the results achievement Descriptive and analytical analysis (Independent T-test and Levin, Cronbach's alpha, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Friedman test), in SPSS software it can be concluded that education is one of the key factors in the promotion of ecological knowledge In the rural community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Optimization of Drainage Design Parameters with the Aim of Reducing Environmental Damage in Steady-State C onditions
Hamed Mazandarani Zadeh Rahime Zadesh Pargo Peyman Daneshkar ArastehBackground and Objective: Diameter, insertion depth and spacing of drainage pipes are three crucial variables in the design of underground drainage network. Effluents have a great potential to leave lots of damage on the environment. The proper selection of design varia MoreBackground and Objective: Diameter, insertion depth and spacing of drainage pipes are three crucial variables in the design of underground drainage network. Effluents have a great potential to leave lots of damage on the environment. The proper selection of design variables can lead to reducing the environmental damage. The purpose of this paper is to provide a model for selecting optimal design parameters for underground drainage systems to reduce environmental damage, in a way that after the discharge of drainage to the river, river salinity concentration does not exceed the acceptable limit. Method: For this purpose, maximization of difference between drainage water salinity and acceptable limit was considered as the objective function. Genetic Algorithm (GA), kind of evolutionary algorithm, has been used to simulate the transmission and the salt Hooghoudt model was used also. In Hooghoudt model water transition to drainage is modeled in two upper and lower individual part. In order to evaluate the proposed model, an agro-industrial unit Salman Farsi was chosen as case study. Matlab software was employed to program the formula and algorithm which has been used in this research, including Hooghoudt salinity transfer simulation function and GA algorithm optimization. Findings: Results show that the pipe depth is complying with minimum allowable depth. In other words, since the objective function of the model is to achieve minimal environmental damage, the minimum depth of installation is generally chosen. Optimum diameter, insertion depth and spacing have been obtained 1.3, 0.1 and 34.3 respectively. The results of the sensitivity of the model to change of the two basic assumptions, minimum allowable depth and stabilize the water table depth stabilizing, shows by increasing the allowable minimum depth of installation, drainage spacing increases and reducing the depth of the water table stabilizing will increase the drainage intervals and leads to increasing the concentration of drainage water discharged to the environment. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study and by using information about the Salman Farsi agro-industry company, to reduce the environmental damage caused by drainage projects, installation depth of drainage should be equal to the minimum allowable depth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - The New observation of relation between community of law and protection of environment in Iranian legal system (by approach to claim-right)
Shahab Haeri Esfehani Ali mashhadiEnvironmental Law, enjoying a unique position in various legal systems of countries, is one of the significant majors of Public Law. The importance of the topic is due to the fact that Sustainable Development, as a fundamental concept, could only be achieved through its MoreEnvironmental Law, enjoying a unique position in various legal systems of countries, is one of the significant majors of Public Law. The importance of the topic is due to the fact that Sustainable Development, as a fundamental concept, could only be achieved through its relation with this legal filed. Great importance has been attached to this matter to the extent that it has been identified as a necessary process by international conventions. Recently, in Iran’s legal system, the Environment Law has been studied within the framework of Community Law breaching of which would be subject to criminal punishment. The main goal of the present study is to elaborate on the claim right essence of the Environmental Law and to provide required protective solutions. In this article, the legal foundation of the Environmental Law has been reviewed and it has been revealed that the legislative body of the country, in spite of its claim-right nature, has not been successful in this regard and it is also possible to recognize Environmental Law as a Sustainable Development right. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - The Study of Theoretical Approach of Natural Disaster Management in Iran using Meta-analysis
Mehdi Nojavan Esmail Salehi Babak Omidvar Shahrzad FaryadiBackground and objective: Population growth and unplanned urban development has led to increase the risk of disaster in urban areas. Achievement to knowledge and ways to deal with disasters, have attracted attention of residents and researchers to natural disaster manag MoreBackground and objective: Population growth and unplanned urban development has led to increase the risk of disaster in urban areas. Achievement to knowledge and ways to deal with disasters, have attracted attention of residents and researchers to natural disaster management. The number and variety of published scientific papers in the field of natural disasters is one of the reliable proofs for showing the trend of researchers to this field. The objective of this research is meta-analyzing the published papers in Persian scientific journals. Material and Methodogy: For meta-analyzing of theoretical approach of Natural Disaster Management in Iran, initially 29 journals are selected. Then 454 papers are selected among these journals. These papers have been published from 2002 to 2016. Finally, for analyzing the papers, the analyzing criteria such as research methodology, sampling method and planning model and approach are determined using the expert’s opinion. Findings: The map of studies distribution showed that Tehran, Khorasan-e-Razavi, and Azerbaijan-e-sharghi provinces have been considered in a lot of papers. Results showed that physical approach is the dominant approach in the studies which is a weakness in papers. Also disregarding the scientific principle of research methodology such as absence of sampling, reliability, and validity is the other weakness of studies. Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the dominant approach in the previous studies, studying and using the community-based and organizational approaches in the future researches is proposed. The policies of scientific journals in publishing applied papers is led to aggregation of these papers in the journals. So it is proposed due to importance of theoretical and fundamental studies and identifying indicators in the field of disaster management, scientific journals would have special attention to theoretical papers in this context and providing the condition to presentation of more theoretical and fundamental papers in this subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - The Impact of Policies on Domestic Waste Management (Case study: Region 8 of Tehran Municipality)
Sadegh Salehi Jila AhmadiBackground and Objective: Separation of waste from the source is one of the basic strategies in household waste management. To achieve this goal, different policies are adopted by planners and city managers, and the rate of achievement of goals can also vary depending o MoreBackground and Objective: Separation of waste from the source is one of the basic strategies in household waste management. To achieve this goal, different policies are adopted by planners and city managers, and the rate of achievement of goals can also vary depending on the type of policy. To investigate the impact of policies on household waste management in the form of facilities, opportunities and incentives, the present study was conducted in August 2015 in District 8 of Tehran Municipality.Material and Methodology: For this research, 400 samples of Tehran citizens were selected by quota-random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire and face validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to assess the validity and reliability of the questions. Data analysis was performed using Spss software version 16 and descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings: The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that the variable of facilities and opportunities for waste segregation is correlated with the behavior of waste segregation. But the economic incentive variable has no significant relationship with waste segregation and this hypothesis was rejected. Further investigation revealed that the tools of economic incentives through factors such as promoting the issue of waste segregation using sources such as writers, radio and television news, etc., as well as citizens' awareness of municipal policies and executive programs in the field of waste management (law Waste management, dry waste collection methods, how to communicate with the municipality, etc.) can be effective on waste segregation.Discussion and Conclusion: The findings suggest the complexity of identifying and determining the factors affecting the behavior of waste segregation and in general the need to consider a set of social factors in predicting environmental behavior. Emphasis on incentive tools and components alone can not affect waste segregation behavior or lead to citizen participation and cooperation. Lack of proper information to citizens regarding municipal programs such as the implementation of the waste segregation plan or lack of awareness about the waste management law are among the factors that have challenged the successful implementation of this plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Analysis of Sustainability in Urban Communities According to Urban Environmental Quality in the Old Geography of Tehran, (Case Study: Sanglag)
nabiollah kolbadi Farah Habib shirin toghyaniBackground and Objective: Today assessing the sustainability status is one of the best ways to measure the amount of desirability of urban Function. Due to neglection towards the role of old centers in promoting the social, economic and urban identity, the amount of urb MoreBackground and Objective: Today assessing the sustainability status is one of the best ways to measure the amount of desirability of urban Function. Due to neglection towards the role of old centers in promoting the social, economic and urban identity, the amount of urban issues and problems significantly increased and become more sever. The main purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between sustainability components and evaluate the impact of these components on the sustainability of urban nabourhoods in the old geography of Tehran. Method: The Sanglag district was selected as the case study. Research data was obtained through field survey. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data analysis was conducted with the use of Structural Equation Modeling and Smart Pls3 software. Findings: The findings of this study indicate that the average of sustainability component and also the contribution of each component in detrmining the sustainability of Sanglag district are different. The appropriateness and access components, has the least contribution in detrmining the sustainability of this district. Discussion and Conclusion: Contemporary changes, both in terms of content and procedure, have hade a significant effect on sustainability of each district. In old neighborhoods, the main focus is on the performance and macro issue consideration, and with the organic, integrated, closed, centralized, and dense context there is weaker homogeneous consistency with minimum open spaces and green spaces. In Sanglae, we can modify and renovate the district with a proper management and increase the utilization and efficiency of the neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Effect of physiographic factors on seed germination of wild Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) in Khajeh kalat Forest of Mashhad, Iran
Hadi Fadaei Vahid Etemad Gholamhosein MoradiBackground and Objective: Regarding to importance and widespread of wild Pistachio in arid and semi-arid regions and problems of germination, this study was conducted to identify effect of physiography on seed germination of Pistacia vera in Khajeh Kalat Forest, northea MoreBackground and Objective: Regarding to importance and widespread of wild Pistachio in arid and semi-arid regions and problems of germination, this study was conducted to identify effect of physiography on seed germination of Pistacia vera in Khajeh Kalat Forest, northeast of Iran (N 36°54' - 36°64', E 54°35' - 54°45'). Material and Methodology: To do so land unit map was provided and sampling was done based on land units. Then, sampled seeds from 23 sampling unites were transferred to seed physiology lab for operational experiments. After operational experience, germination percent, germination value and mean time to germination for each unit were determined. Findings: The results showed that germination percent of pistachio seeds has had significant positive correlation with altitude, but hasn’t had significant correlation with slope and aspect (p<0.01). Correlation between germination value and altitude wasn’t significant, while slope and aspect have had significant correlation with germination value (p<0.01). Discussion and Conclusion: Regarding to results, germination percent in high altitudes was more than low altitudes. Germination value in law altitude and 0-30 percent slope was more than other aspects and slopes. Seeds that were collected from north and south aspects and above 60 percent slope have had more germination value than other aspects and slopes. Mean time to germination for east aspect and 30-60 percent slopes were less than other aspects and slopes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Modeling of villagers' behavior in the face of drought risk in Lake Urmia (Case study: villages in Bonab County)
Alireza Soleimani Majid Parishan Ali Majnouni- ToutakhaneBackground and Objective: Perception of risk leads to the regulation of practical behaviors to deal with it. The purpose of this study is to analyze the experimental behaviors of villagers in Bonab city to understand the risk of drought in Lake Urmia. For this purpose, MoreBackground and Objective: Perception of risk leads to the regulation of practical behaviors to deal with it. The purpose of this study is to analyze the experimental behaviors of villagers in Bonab city to understand the risk of drought in Lake Urmia. For this purpose, a combination of individual and social approaches was used. Material and Methodology: The present study is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the study is residents over 15 years old in 29 villages of Bonab city, which is equal to 23653 people. Using Cochran's method and simple random method, 380 people were selected as the sample size. The tool used in this research is a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multivariate regression tests, and path analysis. Findings: The results of path analysis on the dependent variable showed that drought-tolerant crop, knowledge and skills, income, age, length of stay, participation in training programs, and modernization of irrigation canals have a direct effect on practical behaviors to reduce drought risk. Also, the results of path analysis on the dependent variable of intention to perform risk reduction behaviors in the future, showed that the variables of cultivation of drought-tolerant crops, self-efficacy, age, level of education, trust, previous experience, and responsibility have a positive effect and optimistic bias variables, income, and age. The risk perception variable had a negative effect. Indirect effects through the two variables of believes and income also affect the variable of intention to reduce the risk of drought. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the research results, the perception of drought risk by the villagers, this understanding has not yet changed the behavior of the rural community in practice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Definition of Ecotourism Development Strategies (Case Study: Shesh Roudbar Basin, Mazandaran Province)
mona nohtani ghorban vahabzadeh Seyed Ramzan MousaviBackground and Objective: Today, tourism and its development have attracted for of many societies and governments and are now one of the most profitable sectors of the global economy. Mazandaran Province is one of the provinces that annually accept many tourists nationa MoreBackground and Objective: Today, tourism and its development have attracted for of many societies and governments and are now one of the most profitable sectors of the global economy. Mazandaran Province is one of the provinces that annually accept many tourists nationally and internationally. The existence of suitable climate, pristine natural resources, forests and the Caspian Sea have natural and valuable potential to upgrade this.Material and Methodology: In this research, the potentials and capabilities of ecotourism development in Shash Rudbar region, located in Savadkuh city of Mazandaran province, were performed using descriptive-analytical method and field studies. The questionnaire was prepared and completed by local people and experts from the Tourism and Library Department. Then, using the combined strategy of strategic analysis of SWOT and the QSPM strategic planning model, the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats were prepared and prioritized. Ultimately, ecotourism development strategies were developed in the region. Findings: The results showed that in the study area there are 28 strengths and opportunities as facilities and advantages and 19 weaknesses and threats as constraints and bottlenecks and indicate the high ability of the region to develop ecotourism and attract tourists. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the matrix table of the SWOT model and the total weighting factor of each of the strategies, it follows that aggressive strategies (SO) that focus more on internal strengths and external opportunities as optimal strategies In the development of tourism industry in the area of six Roodbar should be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Assessing the effect of development management scenarios in mitigating the residential and agricultural land use conflict
Ali Asgarian Alireza Soffianian Saeid Pourmanafi Mohsen Bagheri BodaghabadiBackground and Objective: Residential land encroachment on agricultural areas presents a global challenge regarding land use management. Such a challenge needs crucial attention in Iran where agricultural activities suffer from resource shortage and land use management MoreBackground and Objective: Residential land encroachment on agricultural areas presents a global challenge regarding land use management. Such a challenge needs crucial attention in Iran where agricultural activities suffer from resource shortage and land use management practices are ineffectively planned and enforced. Material and Methodology: An attempt was first made to delineate agricultural land use suitability. Two scenarios namely Current Development (CD) and Environmental Development (ED) were mapped and transplanted to CA-Markov model to simulate urban growth up to 2030, 2040 and 2050. Finally, severity of conflicts was analyzed based on loss of the extent and the corresponding suitability of agricultural lands. Findings: The results showed that ED scenario is more successful in protecting suitable agricultural lands than CD scenario (nearly one thousand ha). Moreover, CD scenario is projected to occur in areas with relatively higher agricultural suitability values. The difference between the scenarios is not significant for near future (2030), but significant for the ending simulation period (2050). Discussion and Conclusion: ED scenario is more succeeded in protecting quantitative and qualitative agricultural lands. By implementing this scenario from now, it takes 35 years to significantly mitigate the conflict between the two land uses. However, the effectiveness of such scenarios requires simultaneous attention to socio-economic parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Evaluating the Resilience of Local Communities in Isfahan to Zayandehrood River and Madies’ Drying up
Melikasadat Amirzadeh Naser BarakpourBackground and Objective: Zayandehrood River is the largest river of central Iran, which passes through the city of Isfahan. This river has constantly contributed to the growth of Isfahan and, throughout the history, has provided the city with a green landscape, despite MoreBackground and Objective: Zayandehrood River is the largest river of central Iran, which passes through the city of Isfahan. This river has constantly contributed to the growth of Isfahan and, throughout the history, has provided the city with a green landscape, despite the hot and arid climate of the region. Moreover, Madies are neighborhood aqua-ducts from Zayandehrood, initially developed for agricultural purposes and, as the city developed, turned into greenways for urban fabric. These aqua-ducts have been one of the major infrastructural elements of neighborhoods with key ecological and social roles. Recently, Zayandehrood’s drying up has become one of the most important incidents with devastating impacts on Isfahan and its local communities. Madies’ drying up has had negative impacts on the neighborhoods’ sense of place as well as local communities’ lives. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the resilience of two local communities in the vicinity of Madies in Isfahan, namely Abbas Abad and Barazandeh districts.Material and Methodology: This research incorporated survey and secondary data analysis to evaluate the resilience of these communities. The research was conducted based on a pre-developed community resilience framework. Overall, 22 authorities and experts from the Municipality of Isfahan and 379 residents from the two local communities were surveyed. Afterwards, the resulting data was analyzed quantitatively through SPSS software.Findings: The findings show that the overall community resilience level is below the moderate level. The lowest score, belonging to local institutional/governance factors, is 1.7 and the highest score is 3.25, a few points higher than the moderate level. The latter score belongs to spatio-physical factors in Abbas Abad district.Discussion and Conclusion: Community resilience is not limited to the ability of communities in withstanding adverse situations. Although the local communities of Isfahan are apparently accustomed to the status quo, the overall score of community resilience of these communities is below the moderate level. Therefore, there should be strategies to enhance the resilience of local communities in the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Investigation on the Effect of Various Parameters on Optimum Performance of Engine Management System (EMS) based on DoE Method
Farideh Atabi Mostafa Khezri Hamid IraniOne of the major contributors of air pollution in large cities is the urban car traffic which imposes a huge financial and life expenses to the society. In order to reduce these expenses, car manufacturers keep adopting new innovation to decrease pollutants` level. In r MoreOne of the major contributors of air pollution in large cities is the urban car traffic which imposes a huge financial and life expenses to the society. In order to reduce these expenses, car manufacturers keep adopting new innovation to decrease pollutants` level. In recent years, direct injection engines have been introduced which electronically control fuel flow using Engine Control Unit (ECU). This goal has been achieved to some degree. Adjusting and calibrating the Engine Management System (EMS) becomes more important day by day. The most important task of EMS is to reach the optimum point in pollutant, fuel consumption and vehicle performance. In this study while calibrating EMS efficiently, the cost and time spent is reduced using DoE simulating techniques and the effects of various parameters on its performance are studied. Hence knowing all inputs such as speed, load and desired outputs such as pollutants and engine torque, MBC Model – module from MATLAB software – has been used. Another next module from MATLAB that is named CAGE is implemented to improve the above mentioned model. By using this method, the effects of EMS` calibration can be studied on different parameters and upon needs, change them. The new parameters are entered into ECU and from there new commands are released to actuators. Therefore achievement to optimal engine function like vehicle performance, pollutant and fuel consumption by minimum expenses and time with high accuracy will be performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Treatement of the Wastewater from E-PVC Unit in a Petrochemical Company Using Electrocoagulation Method
Hossein Hosseini Ali-Akabr Azemati Mohammad Reza Mousavinia Background and Objective: Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical process which is proven to be effective in water and wastewater treatment. In this research study, electrocoagulation method which was based on electron exchange, flocculation and flotation was us More Background and Objective: Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical process which is proven to be effective in water and wastewater treatment. In this research study, electrocoagulation method which was based on electron exchange, flocculation and flotation was used for the treatement of wastewater vrom E-PVC unit in Arvand Petrochemical Company. Method: Most of the contaminants from this unit contain suspended solids, dissolved solids and chemical oxygen. In this study, the batch and continuous units of electrocoagulation process were built. The experimental design was carried out by Design Expert 7 software. Findings: Results of the analysis show that density of flow, number of electrodes and PH are the most important parameters. Time and distance between electrodes are less effective than the original parameters listed. In addition, the increased or decreased effect on efficiency of the surface response is evaluated. Results showed that electrocoagulation process could conveniently remove major pollutants from the E-PVC unit. Discussion and Conclusion: The experimental analysis of the wastewater from the E-PVC unit indicate the proper operation of the electrical coagulation process. These results indicate that the electrical coagulation process can easily remove significant pollutants from the wastewater. The function of this process can be expressed as TSS removal: 84-95%, TDS: 51-80%, COD: 80-92%, OD: 80-95%, and TN and TP over 80%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Application of nonparametric method for optimization of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission in wheat production
Morteza Taki Yahya Ajabshirchi Ahmad GhobadifarBackground and Objective: Nowadays, increase of energy consumption in agricultural section has lead to some environmental problems and increase of final costs. In this study, the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the energy eff MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, increase of energy consumption in agricultural section has lead to some environmental problems and increase of final costs. In this study, the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate the energy efficiency and greenhose gas emission in the irrigated wheat farms in Silakhor plain of Lorestan province. Method: Data were collected through both questionnaire and interwiew surveys using 150 farmers. Results showed that the energy consumption for 0.1 up to 2, 2.1 up to 5 and over 5 hectares were 22134, 24128 and 25078 MJ/ha respectively, and the sum of grain, fertilizer and pesticides had the highest share of energy consumption in all levels. The results of DEA showed that technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies in the third level were 88, 93 and 94%and higher than the same amounts obtained in other levels. Results: Energy saving ratios in these levels were 6.83, 8.11 and 6.54 respectively. This indicates that 1512, 1957 and 1640 MJ/ha of total input energy can be saved, if the mentioned method is used. The results of greenhouse gas emission showed that diesel fuel has the highest share in the environmental pollutants. Optimization of energy consumption can totally decrease 6516.67 kg CO2 produced in wheat production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Presentation of the Strategic Management Plan for Ecotourism Development in Gheshm Island by SWOT Method
Sahar Rezaian Seyed Ali Jozi Asma PirastehAbstractThis Study had been Carried out within the period of Feb. 2006 till Sep. 2007 to present the StrategicManagement Plan for Ecotourism Development in the biggest Island of Persian Gulf (Gheshm).In the first Step we started to identify the Natural resorts, Cultural MoreAbstractThis Study had been Carried out within the period of Feb. 2006 till Sep. 2007 to present the StrategicManagement Plan for Ecotourism Development in the biggest Island of Persian Gulf (Gheshm).In the first Step we started to identify the Natural resorts, Cultural heritage and infrastructure in thisisland which was followed considering Iran's Ecological model. we had tried to determine localpotentials and ecological capability of recreational resources to establish the intensive and extensiverecreation’s land use on the scale of 1/50000. 65 questionnaire had been filled in the highseason(March 2006) to predict the regional demand of local visitors via Klawson method .The strategic management plan of ecotourism development had been suggested via SWOT method.This method is based on external alternatives (Weakness, Strengths points) and internal alternatives(Opportunities and Threats) of the studied environment. The above mentioned items were identifiedusing Delphi method (Expert's Choice). The results showed despite rich resources in this island whichcan transform this island to recreational pole, the lack of infrastructure and advertisement andappropriate marketing, has placed this island in strategic situation. Based on this result and analysisfour strategies had been suggested , considering the technological, economical, social and culturalsituation during the operation time. This was called the Attractiveness mark in SWOT Method, theStrategy of using the settlement Facilities and Services by Gheshm development organization toprovide basic short time services to the local visitors which can be the first and most effective strategyto reach better situation at present. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - Barriers of Social Participation of Citizens in Urban Environment Using the SWOT Method and Approaches for Improving Environmental Sustainability
Akramolok lahijanian ُShadi shiehbeikiBackground & Aims: Participation is a process that involves all people and groups actively. Participation by Abhouf and Cohen means decision-making, implementation, evaluation, since the division of profits. Based on the theory of H.C.Tree, all people are sharing in MoreBackground & Aims: Participation is a process that involves all people and groups actively. Participation by Abhouf and Cohen means decision-making, implementation, evaluation, since the division of profits. Based on the theory of H.C.Tree, all people are sharing in the profits. The aim of this research is investigation of barriers of public participation in environment by SWOT and presents some suggestions for promoting environment .This research is descriptive survey and the questionnaire was used to gather information Method: The population of the study area limits 4 (Neighborhood S. Smiley, Davoudieh), of Section 5 (Darrus neighborhood, Gohak) and the District 6 (Neighborhood cassock and Tavusiyeh) Tehran to 3,800 people. Sample size and sampling method, 380 cluster is estimated based on the theories of Weber's conceptual framework, Humez, Lerner, Guy, drama, Uccle and Marsiden and Parsons organize and design. Study the relationship between gender, employment status, marital status, education, satisfaction with municipal services, membership in social organizations and social barriers to the participation of citizens is examined. To test the hypothesis test is a sample of the T test is organized. Results: The results of the bivariate analysis revealed a significant association between these variables other than social participation. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the independent variables explain the dependent variables have different variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Identification and classification of Maroon Petrochemical Company Olefin Unit special residues based on BAZEL Convention Method
Zahra Moavi Forozan FarrokhianBackground and Objective: Technology fast growth, attaining to production new processes, replacement artificial materials with natural fiber and thousands synthesis of materials kind and chemical compounds, lead to increasing much amount of industrial wastes and in some MoreBackground and Objective: Technology fast growth, attaining to production new processes, replacement artificial materials with natural fiber and thousands synthesis of materials kind and chemical compounds, lead to increasing much amount of industrial wastes and in some cases it has leaded to producing dangerous solid and liquid residue. Accordingly, the aim of this research is identification and classification of residues and consumer chemical identification and classification of residues and consumer chemical materials in Maroon Petrochemical Company Olefin Unit. Material and Methodology: Method in this research includes library studies and field observations from Olefin Unit and finally residues classification was based on Basel Convention. Findings: Studies showed that unit has 18 non-dangerous and 9 dangerous residues all those have identified on solid, semi solid, and liquid phase. The most non- dangerous residue belongs to wastage flea with 60 tons and the least was cloth element with 0.144 in year. Also, the most dangerous residue belongs to heavy oil with 144 tons and the least was petroleum with 1 ton in year. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, by 1.900.000 tons in year of consumer raw materials for producing of product in Olefin Unit, there was 323.9 tons of dangerous residue production in year. It is suggested that the performance of the olefin unit should be controlled according to the designed conditions and the catalysts and absorbents in the unit should be replaced with better types with a longer useful life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Evaluation of Marvar No-Hunting Area to Designate It as a Protected Area
Mahdieh Yazdi Mahmoud Karami Mahmoud ShariatBackground and Objective: For protection of biodiversity and because of fast destruction of revocable national source which is becoming more challengeable every day, strengthening and expansion of protected area is the only proper way. In Iran, in addition to existence MoreBackground and Objective: For protection of biodiversity and because of fast destruction of revocable national source which is becoming more challengeable every day, strengthening and expansion of protected area is the only proper way. In Iran, in addition to existence of fourfold conservative area, there are no hunting areas as an example of natural areas. These areas are valuable and prepared for conservation of nature ecological balance and preventing the extinction of plant generation and animal species. This area "with an area of about of 81373 hectare" is located in the West of Meybod and North-East of Sadouq in Yazd Province. In this study, for the first time, the ecological land capability of Marvar, with perception of conservation according to IUCN criteria, was evaluated to be designated as a protected. Method: Systematic Analysis method, Makhdoum (2001) ecological models and GIS were used for evaluation of Marvar no-hunting area. In this study, at first regional resources (socio-economic & ecological) were found. Digital data along with attribute data were insetted to the ArcGIS system to make the data base. Therefore, by overlaying information layers in the mentioned system, the ecological details were mapped for the area and the table of characteristic unit was presented. The evaluation of capability and zoning were done and fertilized area for suitable uses was selected. Finally, baised on the obtained result for the protected area classification system, the area was introduced as a conservative area according to national and international criteria. Results: According to the obtained results for ecological and economical-social resource, six zones were identified in this area as wilderness/ecological zone:(4.25%), protected zone:(41.62%), extensive use zone:(26.3%), intensive use zone:(9.4%), spatial use zone:(1.25%) and land use zone:(17.18%), and nearly half of the area was allocate to protection use. The, small extent of this area with high vulnerability shows its capability to be placed in higher conservative class. Hence, evaluation of obtained results under the condition of protected area according to available criteria explain shows that Marvar no-hunting area with approximately broad extent, has a high ecosystem diversity (mountain, plain and hill), considerable species diversity (52 plant and 82 animal species) and also high wildlife values such as economical, biological, and science-training values. Moreower, tourism attractions have high conservative value and can introduce a protected area in classification of fourfold areas of Iran, as well as in fifth class of IUCN, including areas under management of protected landscape or Seascape. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Factors affecting enterprise risk management in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange
mohamad hosein pourahmadi Gholam Reza Farsad Amanollahi zahra LashgariEnterprise risk management can identify, measure, control, and monitor risk levels. The issue of enterprise risk management has been of interest to companies in recent years. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of enterprise risk management prog MoreEnterprise risk management can identify, measure, control, and monitor risk levels. The issue of enterprise risk management has been of interest to companies in recent years. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of enterprise risk management programs and then to examine the factors affecting the management of organizational risk 118 companies during the years 1388 to 1398. Factors such as firm size, growth opportunity, return on assets, financial leverage and dividends were also used as factors influencing the implementation of enterprise risk management. The test results of the hypotheses showed that the size of the company with 0.2853 and growth opportunity with 0.2349 multiplaiers is meaningful and positive. Also, financial leverage with -0.03935 and dividend with -0.01095 don’t have significance. In other words, at the 95% confidence level, firm size, growth opportunity, return on assets have an impact on enterprise risk management and financial leverage, dividend variables have no effect on enterprise risk management in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In other words, enterprise risk management can improve the operational performance and increase the value of the company, and companies that are exposed to high risk due to environmental uncertainty can prevent and control the adverse effects of risk Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - A study of the price bubbles in pharmaceutical firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
saeed khodabakhshzadehThe price bubbles in medical commodities and medications can interrupt the pharmaceutical market. The objective of the present study is to explore the occurrence of price bubbles in the pharmaceutical market of the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The presen MoreThe price bubbles in medical commodities and medications can interrupt the pharmaceutical market. The objective of the present study is to explore the occurrence of price bubbles in the pharmaceutical market of the firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The present work is of applied and developmental type conducted as an econometric study (time series). The statistical population was composed of 21 pharmaceutical firms listed in TSE for the period of 2012.03-2017.02. Recursive unit root tests (GSADF, RADF, and SADF) were applied for the discovery and date-stamping of the price bubbles. It was revealed that 95 percent of firms have experienced bubbles over the studied period, of which 22 percent were multiple and 78 percent were single. In 2013, 91 percent of the studied firms were encountered with bubbles while it was 62 percent in 2010. In contrast, the results of SADF refuted the existence of bubbles in 57 percent of the studied firms but confirmed that 43 percent of firms have experienced bubbles. Also, SADFG showed that 95 percent of firms have had bubbles over the studied period, of which 17 percent were multiple and 83 percent were single. In 2013, 86 percent of firms were struggling with bubbles, while in 2010, 57 percent have had bubbles.In the pharmaceutical market, we can mitigate the implications of bubbles and control the price of medical and pharmaceutical commodities by early recognition of the price bubbles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Investigating the mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and investment efficiency
Afshin shalchi Zadollah Fathi Hossein ShafieiAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and investment efficiency. Given that investing is the process of making a decision that managers use to identify projects MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of growth opportunities on the relationship between managers' overconfidence and investment efficiency. Given that investing is the process of making a decision that managers use to identify projects that add value to the company, managers' mental states, including those of managers' overconfidence, play a significant role in selecting investment projects. On the other hand, managers' over-confident influence on investment efficiency can be indirectly influenced by growth opportunities. This research is causal, post-event and applied. To conduct this research, a sample of 156 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2009-2018 was selected. Based on the combined data method and multivariate linear logistic regression analysis, the research findings showed that managers' overconfidence leads to increase / decrease of over / under investment. Also, according to Baron & Kenny (1986), managers' trust is influenced not only directly but also indirectly by growth opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Investigating the adjustment effect of corporate governance on the interaction of free cash flows and growth opportunities in synchronizing stock returns
Neda Rezaei asgar pakmaram Rasoul ABDI yaghoub aghdam mazraehConcurrent equity return is a relatively new field in financial and economic research that is closely related to economic development, financial market stability, and market efficiency .The overall purpose of this study is to investigate the role of corporate governance MoreConcurrent equity return is a relatively new field in financial and economic research that is closely related to economic development, financial market stability, and market efficiency .The overall purpose of this study is to investigate the role of corporate governance adjustment on the interaction of free cash flows and growth opportunities in synchronizing stock returns in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of this study is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2006 to 2017. The research method used in this research is applied in terms of purpose and correlation or consistency in terms of method and nature. The test results of the hypotheses show the quality of corporate governance on the interaction between annual stock returns , Interaction between ownership concentration, transaction turnover and stock return synchronization A significant effect But the quality of corporate governance depends on the interaction between the life of the company, the size of the company, the growth of the company, Liquidity and synchronization of stock returns It has no significant effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Investigation Institutional Investors Effect on Company Value Based on Managers Opportunities Behavior
Hamidreza Vakilifard Foad GhaderiThis paper examines the institutional investors effect on Company Value Based profit management perspective. The paper result show that companies group in growth will significantly to profit management.This paper examines the institutional investors effect on Company Value Based profit management perspective. The paper result show that companies group in growth will significantly to profit management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Evaluation of Pairs Trading Strategy Using Distance Approach at Tehran Stock Exchange
Masood Tadi Majid Abkar Vahid MotahariniaAlgorithmic trading has become one of the main strategies in financial industry. This kind of trading involves trading strategies based on computer programs to decide whether to send their orders. Pairs trading strategy is one of the most popular and however, most under MoreAlgorithmic trading has become one of the main strategies in financial industry. This kind of trading involves trading strategies based on computer programs to decide whether to send their orders. Pairs trading strategy is one of the most popular and however, most understandable strategies in algorithmic trading. To implement a pairs trading strategy we can utilize several approaches or a combination of them. In this paper the distance approach has been considered. In this approach the two stocks that have least square distance between their normalized prices are being chosen for pairs trading. In this study, in order to implement this strategy, shares pair of metallic ores mining industry and price data in the year of 1395 have been selected. The strategies and the test, performance test trading strategies buy and hold strategy compared. In this paper all of stocks are selected from mining of metal ore industry during the first 9 months of the 1392 SH. Finally, the performance of pairs trading strategy is compared with buy and hold strategy and after that the favorable range of threshold and optimum threshold size is calculated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - The Impact of Financial Decisions on Valuation of Firms with Excess Cash flow and Firms with Low Investment Opportunities in TSE
Ebrahim Abbasi Hossein Akhzari Elaheh PouralikhaniThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial decisions on the market value of firms with excess cashflow and firms with low investment opportunities. Financial decisions can be seen from three aspects, which are investment decisions, dividend poli MoreThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of financial decisions on the market value of firms with excess cashflow and firms with low investment opportunities. Financial decisions can be seen from three aspects, which are investment decisions, dividend policy, and debt policy. The data of 123 publicly traded companies in Tehran Stock Exchange were collected from the years 1383 to 1387. The hypotheses were analyzed, using panel data method and multiple regression models. The results indicated that in the firms with low investment opportunities, investments are understated, while debts are overstated. Moreover, in this kind of firms, shareholders were interested in more cash dividends. Analysis showed the same results for the firms with excess cashflow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - The Relationship of Earnings Management and Investment Opportunities with Emphasizing on Ownership Concentration
Vida Mojtahedzadeh Raziyeh SaadatThis research attempts to investigate the relationship of investment opportunities and earnings management with respect to ownership concentration. Earnings management is measured by using absolute abnormal accruals proxy through Ball and Shivakumar model (2006-2008). I MoreThis research attempts to investigate the relationship of investment opportunities and earnings management with respect to ownership concentration. Earnings management is measured by using absolute abnormal accruals proxy through Ball and Shivakumar model (2006-2008). Investment opportunities calculated as an independent variable through geometric growth, market-to-book asset ratio and factor analysis of these two indicators. Control rights and deviation between cash flow rights and control rights was considered as a measure for ownership concentration. Results indicate there is not any significant relationship exists between assets geometric growth and earnings management. Although, there is a significant relationship exists between high market-to-book ratio and factor analysis of these two indicators and earnings management. Furthermore, ownership concentration has not a significant effect on earnings management and investment opportunities and controlling shareholders do not use their monitoring role and their power to protect shareholders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Examining the chosen model of the United States of America in the face of Iran (confrontationalism and redesigning aggressive realism)
علی باقری زادهThe current research aims to analyze the type of strategic orientation of the United States of America in facing the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution. The dualism of liberalism and realism, or a policy of mutual punishment and encouragem MoreThe current research aims to analyze the type of strategic orientation of the United States of America in facing the Islamic Republic of Iran, especially after the Islamic Revolution. The dualism of liberalism and realism, or a policy of mutual punishment and encouragement, has been adopted in the face of J.A. Iran. A. Iran. In order to prove the hypothesis of the research, while using the theory of aggressive realism, the behavioral pattern of the United States will be examined. The main findings of the research show that the approach of the United States is of the type of liberalism of "encouragement, encouragement and maximum participation". Or the harmonious model of liberalism and realism is not "positive and negative". Rather, it indicates the continuation and consolidation of the approach of aggressive realism, of the type of acute discursive, geopolitical and geostrategic confrontation in the form of "threat, punishment, sanctions" in the form of "various and complex balancing". So that the conformity and consistency of aggressive realism propositions with the approach of the United States in the acute confrontation with Iran is clear and obvious. The authors conclude that the behavior pattern of the United States is in the fixed form of aggressive realism, without a paradigm shift to liberalism. And it doesn't even have a tendency to shift within the theoretical paradigm of defensive realism. The main goal of America is to turn Iran into an isolated and victimized actor in the field of international politics. They evaluate J.A.Iran in the form of a game with a negative sum. And they always have a pure compliance with the approach of slander and international politics in their agenda. based on strategic rationality and compliance with international law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Comparative Content Analysis of Mathematics Textbooks in first Grade Students of Elementary Schools in Iran, Japan and America
E. Reyhani M. Izadi -
Open Access Article
214 - Network Data Envelopment Analysis Models For Measuring Efficiency Of a Four-Stage Supply Chain With Returned Outputs
M. Vaez-Ghasemi Z. Moghaddas B. Rahmani -
Open Access Article
215 - انتخاب رهبران رای با استفاده از الگوریتم بهینه سازی گرگ خاکستری در شبکه های اجتماعی
صمد محمد اقدم فرهاد سلیمانیان قره چپق محمد مصدریسرویس های شبکه های اجتماعی دیجیتال همان شبکه های اجتماعی هستند که مردم به اصطلاح عامیانه از این واژه استفاده می کنند. پلتفرم های رسانه های اجتماعی و وب سایت هایی که انتقال دانش از طریق شبکه های اجتماعی را امکان پذیر می کنند، ابزارهای دیجیتالی هستند که برای ساخت شبکه های Moreسرویس های شبکه های اجتماعی دیجیتال همان شبکه های اجتماعی هستند که مردم به اصطلاح عامیانه از این واژه استفاده می کنند. پلتفرم های رسانه های اجتماعی و وب سایت هایی که انتقال دانش از طریق شبکه های اجتماعی را امکان پذیر می کنند، ابزارهای دیجیتالی هستند که برای ساخت شبکه های اجتماعی و توسعه آنها طراحی شده اند. علاقه و استفاده زیاد از شبکه های اجتماعی این محیط ها را برای فعالیت های مختلف از جمله اقتصادی، فرهنگی، سیاسی و ... مهیا کرده است. رهبران رای یکی از مهمترین مواردی هستند که در این محیط ها تأثیر زیادی بر سایر کاربران دارند. رهبران رای در شبکه های اجتماعی سودمند هستند و ما می توانیم با شناسایی آنها از توانمندی و نفوذ آنها استفاده کنیم. در این مقاله، ما رهبران رای را با استفاده از الگوریتم بهینه سازی گرگ خاکستری انتخاب کرده ایم. این روش سلسله مراتب رهبری و سازوکار شکار گرگهای خاکستری را در طبیعت تقلید می کند و شامل 3 مرحله اصلی شکاریعنی جستجوی طعمه، محاصره طعمه و حمله به طعمه است. بر اساس بررسی ها و نتایج حاصله، تعداد رهبران واقعی رای تشخیص داده شده توسط این الگوریتم قابل توجه است و مزیت روش پیشنهادی سازگاری با معیارهای مختلف و ارائه نتایج پایداری درروش های مختلف است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Review of the methods for evaluating congestion in DEA and computing output losses due to congestion
H. Zare Haghighi M. Khodabakhshi G. R. Jahanshahloo -
Open Access Article
217 - Efficiency Measurement in Two-Stage Network Structures Considering Undesirable Outputs
A. Amirteimoori A. Toloie-Eshlaghi M. Homayoonfar -
Open Access Article
218 - A nonlinear model for common weights set identification in network Data Envelopment Analysis
J. Pourmahmoud Z. Zeynali‎ -
Open Access Article
219 - New model for ranking DMUs in DDEA as a special case
J. Pourmahmoud -
Open Access Article
220 - Principles and Concepts to Achieve Successful Ecotourism
Seyedhamed Mirkarimi Sahar Saeidi Sepideh SaeidiTourism is now one of the most important economic, social and cultural issues. Development of ecotourism as one of the most attractive type of tourism could have had remarkable environmental impacts in addition to its economic, social and cultural effects. These effects MoreTourism is now one of the most important economic, social and cultural issues. Development of ecotourism as one of the most attractive type of tourism could have had remarkable environmental impacts in addition to its economic, social and cultural effects. These effects would have had destructive impacts on many aspects of human and natural environment if not carefully considered, and do not develop preventive measures in the form of guidelines, standards and continuous evaluations and would have caused instability in environment and consequently in ecotourism. However, ecotourism as an appropriate tool could have had a global or regional role in sustainable tourism. Unfortunately, ecotourism now is not properly managed and is defined in a way that is far from the standards which are discussed in this paper to achieve sustainable success. For example, community participation and satisfaction of native people in tourism activities is one of the necessities to achieve the goals of sustainable tourism. On the other hand, adopted tourism policies not only should have pay attention to the marketing and the number of visitors but also should considered to the visitors experience quality and the region integrity. The purpose of this article is to explain, interpret and differentiate the concepts of tourism and ecotourism and develop some of the required principles and policies to achieve the sustainable tourism using ecotourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Assessment and Providing Map of the Desertification Risk in Abu-Ghoveyr Plain, Dehloran, Ilam Province
Zahedeh Heidarizadi haji karimi SeyedAbdolhossein Arami Farzad AzadniaDesertification is a global phenomenon which can occur in any place and cause significant damages. Therefore, classification and generation of desertification intensity and risk map is a reasonable basis for planning. The present study aims to evaluate desertific MoreDesertification is a global phenomenon which can occur in any place and cause significant damages. Therefore, classification and generation of desertification intensity and risk map is a reasonable basis for planning. The present study aims to evaluate desertification risk in the Abu Ghoveyr Plain in Ilam province, using general risk equation. To this end, first, desertification hazard map was prepared using the Iranian 9-criteria model of IMDPA. For preparing this map, working units map (geomorphologic facies) was created using slope, geology, and land use maps. Using this method, working units were considered as the main unit of desertification then a map was generated for each index according to assigned weights, such that the qualitative map of the desired factors were obtained using the geometric mean of indicators. Then, through integration and determining the geometric mean of layers obtained from indices and finally classification of the obtained maps, map of the current status of desertification in the studied area was generated. Then, elements at hazard in each working units were identified and were transformed to a map. Considering the hazard class of elements, degree of vulnerability of elements was determined. Finally, desertification risk was prepared in 4 classes by combining the risk intensity map, frequency, and the degree of vulnerability of elements. The results suggested that 49.73% of the area was in the high and very high damage classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - Genesis and Mineralogical properties as influenced by topography and ground water table and Land Suitability Evaluation for Kaftar Region of Fars Province
Abolfazl Azadi S.Ali AbtahiGenesis, classification and study of physicochemical, mineralogical and morphological properties of soils of kaftar region in the north of Fars province (Eghlid), was conducted. This region has xeric soil moisture regime and mesic soil temperature regime and its area is MoreGenesis, classification and study of physicochemical, mineralogical and morphological properties of soils of kaftar region in the north of Fars province (Eghlid), was conducted. This region has xeric soil moisture regime and mesic soil temperature regime and its area is about 10,000 hectares. The mean annual rainfall and temperature were 508 mm and 12 degrees of Celsius, respectively. The main objectives of this investigation were study of physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of soils of the region, study of effective factors of formation and genesis of soils of the region and their classification and land suitability evaluation of land under cultivation of irrigated wheat, study of soil clay minerals and their effects on formation and genesis of soils of the region. Five physiographic units consist of five physiographic units, namely gravelly colluvial fans, Piedmont plains, Low lands, Mountains and Hills were identified. Topography and the underground water table changes were known as the most important factors of soil formation of this region. Entisols, Inceptisols,vertisols and Alfisols are four soil orders that have been found. Clay mineralogy studies showed the presence of chlorite, illite, smectite, interstratified minerals, and quartz (in clay size). Illite and chlorite have inheritance origin and are generally considered to be weatherable minerals and could be changed because of transformation reactions into interstratified minerals and smectite. The result for qualitative land suitabilities have been shown critical, unfit and fairly suitable for wheat cultivation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Analysis viewpoint of training among villagers to protect the environment in rural areas (Case Study: Rezvanshahr city)
Vahid Riahi Farhad Javan Neda DehghaniToday, the environment is faced with increasing challenges and dilemma. Much of the current environmental dilemma, rooted in a lack of awareness of villagers in dealing with the environment. In thil regwd, training can be an effective approach to promote environmental a MoreToday, the environment is faced with increasing challenges and dilemma. Much of the current environmental dilemma, rooted in a lack of awareness of villagers in dealing with the environment. In thil regwd, training can be an effective approach to promote environmental awareness. This will strengthen the culture of environmental protection in rural communities. The purpose of this paper is to Analysis viewpoint of training the villagers to protect the environment of rural areas: city Rezvanshahr. The aim of this research is applied and the method is descriptive-analytic. In this study, statistical population is 14 rural areas of Rezvanshahr with 4202 families (14664 persons). Based on revised Cockran Formula, sample size of 232 was determined and after measuring the validity and stability (alpha 0.764) questionnaires were distributed. In order to achieve the required data for study of variables used in research, we used survey methods and documents and to study and analyze information and data, we used Spearman correlation test and chi-square (x2) in softwares Excel and Spss.The findings show that with 95% confidence, education leads to rural empowerment in environmental protection toward sustainable development, and as so there is a positive and significant relationship with 95% confidence among interest in the environment, the environmental training, mass media environmental training and the role of villagers in protecting the environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - The Study of legal system of rural and tribal communities to exploit natural resources in Iran
Javad AlibeygiToday, regardless of the legal issues of natural resources and the environment especially in rural planning policy is not possible to achieve sustainable development in the debate over the country and to understand this fact that the natural resources in our country has MoreToday, regardless of the legal issues of natural resources and the environment especially in rural planning policy is not possible to achieve sustainable development in the debate over the country and to understand this fact that the natural resources in our country has been limited the process of renewable done slowly or sometimes cannot be restored because of degradation. Therefore, a set of different executive agencies in the development process should be done in accordance with commensurate with status of resources. This paper, With a view to past and present status of the country's natural resources, has tried in the laws governing the exploitation of these resources, especially in rural and tribal communities that has described the relationship between rural and nomadic farmers, livestock and natural resources, and the past and present these resources, including forests, grasslands, deserts and watershed management and land property rights system in Iran and then stated in detail the issue of transfer of land and its effect on the degradation of natural resources and the phenomenon of land speculation and finally referred to the Pathology department of natural resources legal policy in relation to rural and tribal society and its difficulties and problems of this sector and the weakness and ambiguity in these rules and need for its revision. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Introducing Community Garden and Its Role in Sustainable Urban Development
Sajjad Shamshiri Hassan DarabiUrbanization and urban development is accompanied by serious challenges. Achieving sustainability in this environment is very difficult due to the diversity of interest groups. Among this, occurred a small but effective movement during the same conflict evolved in urban MoreUrbanization and urban development is accompanied by serious challenges. Achieving sustainability in this environment is very difficult due to the diversity of interest groups. Among this, occurred a small but effective movement during the same conflict evolved in urban environments, a reflection of the aspects of sustainable development are considered. Community Garden endogenous movement, micro and limit the role and function at different scales is extremely diverse. Therefore to serve in the process of sustainable urban development. In this context, in attempts to analyze the literature survey, a systematic method based on lifecycle affected by attempts to investigate the nature, role and functions of the community gardens. Community-based survey shows that gardens are the multiple functions that reflect a range of strategies win – win. Community Garden are very affordable but very effective tool for urban administrators(economic, social, environmental) that can provide multiple functions will play their role in improving the quality of urban life.community gardens is clear example of achieve great changes in small movement, based on Chaos Theory that emphasizes the minimum conveniences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Surveying Green roofs’ Components
Elma Mohammadi Seyed hamed Mirkarimi Marjan MohammadzadehIn recent years, there has been a great attitude toward creating green roofs in the world and our country. To fulfil consumer expectations different green systems has being introduced. As a result, there are variety of ways in order to implicate green roofs that can mak MoreIn recent years, there has been a great attitude toward creating green roofs in the world and our country. To fulfil consumer expectations different green systems has being introduced. As a result, there are variety of ways in order to implicate green roofs that can make it hard to decide which one to choose. In this paper after surveying and introducing some of the most used ways of creating a green roof and their components, indispensable layers of a green roof were identified and a generalized scheme of them was introduced and shown. These essential layers were respectively: roofing membrane, waterproof membrane, drainage, soil filter, growing medium or soil, and plants. At the end, given that the cost of creating a green roof is one of the important obstacles in its’ propagation, some solutions were offered. Introducing variant layers and their applications will help to choose a suitable structure for a green roof. This choice must be taken according to local conditions like climate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - A Study of Mystical Components in the Texts of Islamic and Indian Schools (based on the views of Rumi and Mohammad Darashkooh)
ghasem ahmadi Fatemeh Lajavardi Mohammad reza adliThe roots of the cultural, literary and religious commonalities of Iran and India can be traced back to the distant past, and many of the themes and allegories used in Iranian and Indian mystical texts are similar. The similarities between Islamic Sufism and the mystici MoreThe roots of the cultural, literary and religious commonalities of Iran and India can be traced back to the distant past, and many of the themes and allegories used in Iranian and Indian mystical texts are similar. The similarities between Islamic Sufism and the mysticism of other nations of the world are undoubtedly very noteworthy. Although there are common features in the experiences of world mysticism, one should not expect them to be expressed in the same words always and everywhere. This article examines the similarities between some of the customs and rituals of the two mystical schools of Islam and India. From a careful study of Indian sources and Persian Sufi books, there are many similarities in educational methods and conduct, the most important of which are: the value of human existence and its importance in mystical literature of Iran and India, the manifestation of love and knowledge in mysticism Iranian and Indian, the multiplicity of houses and authorities of conduct, the value and importance of the position of the heart, the value of the position of old man and mentor, asceticism and austerity, struggle against the soul, the theory of annihilation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Annihilation “Fana” and Unity “Wahdat” in the Works of Rumi and Ibn-Faridh
Maryam Faridi Mehdi TadayyonIbn-Faridh was one of the greatest poets of Sufi poetry in Arabic literature. Rumi, on the other hand, has always been the leading lord of love and mysticism in Persian literature. Rumi and Ibn-Faridh both believe that annihilation would culminate in unity, and they bot MoreIbn-Faridh was one of the greatest poets of Sufi poetry in Arabic literature. Rumi, on the other hand, has always been the leading lord of love and mysticism in Persian literature. Rumi and Ibn-Faridh both believe that annihilation would culminate in unity, and they both seek divine union through annihilation. Both assert that, in order to obtain union, the spiritual seeker must first separate themselves from their physical beings, and must then be immersed in the Beloved so that there is nothing left of their own egos. Passing through such a stage, the mystic seeker will find his Eternal Beloved in a union of love. The great importance of this subject and the similarities between the beliefs of Rumi and Ibn-Faridh demands a thorough investigationofthe notions of annihilation in God(Fana), and total integration in God (baqa). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - A Comparative Study of Two Blood Droplets in Parvin’s poetry and Trilelo’s Three Droplets’ Debate
Mehdi Momtahen Mahboobeh BahmaniThis study aims to analyze the debate between two blood drops in Parvin poetry and then to compare it with Trilelo’s three blood droplets debate, which is said to be the inspirator of the Parvin’s debate and in this way to pick a cluster of Pa MoreThis study aims to analyze the debate between two blood drops in Parvin poetry and then to compare it with Trilelo’s three blood droplets debate, which is said to be the inspirator of the Parvin’s debate and in this way to pick a cluster of Parvin’s thoughts. Parvin has lived in the emotional and spiritual environment of the Orient, an environment in which the treasure could not be reached without toil. Eastern conduct is based on toil and for this reason Parvin’s poetry has been faced by prolixity, whereas in the poetry of Trilelo we face the brevity of western conduct. Stating his feelings, Trilelo only goes within an internal conduct, but Parvin in her debate, in addition of an internal conduct, tries to approach to a social content and to reach from mysticism to justice. In fact, her poetry is a loop of the chain of fight against the oppression. Therefore, the poetry of Parvin is more developed and has more profundity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Comparison and inviolability to God from the viewpoints of Sanā’ī and Ibn ‘Arabī
Hamidreza Ardestani RostamiMost of the time scientists and scholars have had viewpoints on human being, God and the universe. One might find shared points in the considerations of the scientists and scholars that have been influencedby each other or have lived at the same time. The pres MoreMost of the time scientists and scholars have had viewpoints on human being, God and the universe. One might find shared points in the considerations of the scientists and scholars that have been influencedby each other or have lived at the same time. The present research is on comparison and inviolability to divine characteristics (a matter of eloquence) in the works of two scholars. One is a philosopher poet wholived in Ghazna in Iranian territory and the other a poet philosopher who lived in Andalusia. They are namely Sanā’ī the 5th century poet and Ibn ‘Arabī the 7th century thinker. Although these scholars lived in two different eras they have had similar ideas on comparison and inviolability to divine characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Naturalistic view of Chubak and Zola in “Assomoir” and “Purple shirt”
Mahboobe Fahimkalam Mohammad Reza Mohseni Behzad HashemiEmile Zola is one of the prominent French writers in the 19th century and one of the famous figures in the field of fiction who is highly interested in describing the facts of his community and in presenting the documented and evil effects of social corru MoreEmile Zola is one of the prominent French writers in the 19th century and one of the famous figures in the field of fiction who is highly interested in describing the facts of his community and in presenting the documented and evil effects of social corruption, especially among the vulnerable. Among Iranian novelists, Chubak also tends more to show the ugliness of society.We aim in this study to deal with the main themes of these two writers’ works as well as their preferred language,their writing style and finally the outstanding features of their fiction characters to show the naturalistic view of both authors especially in the “Assomoir” and “Purple shirt”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - A Comparative Study of Two Blood Droplets in Parvin’s poetry and Trilelo’s Three Droplets’ Debate
Raheleh Abdollahzadeh BorzoThis study aims to analyze the debate between two blood drops in Parvin poetry and then to compare it with Trilelo’s three blood droplets debate, which is said to be the inspirator of the Parvin’s debate and in this way to pick a cluster of Pa MoreThis study aims to analyze the debate between two blood drops in Parvin poetry and then to compare it with Trilelo’s three blood droplets debate, which is said to be the inspirator of the Parvin’s debate and in this way to pick a cluster of Parvin’s thoughts. Parvin has lived in the emotional and spiritual environment of the Orient, an environment in which the treasure could not be reached without toil. Eastern conduct is based on toil and for this reason Parvin’s poetry has been faced by prolixity, whereas in the poetry of Trilelo we face the brevity of western conduct. Stating his feelings, Trilelo only goes within an internal conduct, but Parvin in her debate, in addition of an internal conduct, tries to approach to a social content and to reach from mysticism to justice. In fact, her poetry is a loop of the chain of fight against the oppression. Therefore, the poetry of Parvin is more developed and has more profundity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Comparative study of Islamic Awareness in Mohammad Iqbal and Abdullah Al-Baradouni's Poetries
Ismael Islami Safiallah KurdOne of the long-standing concerns of poets and writers around the Islamic world and Muslims is the idea of Islamic awareness in which each poet has worked in his or her own era completing his or her mission in various ways. This article concludes that similar ide MoreOne of the long-standing concerns of poets and writers around the Islamic world and Muslims is the idea of Islamic awareness in which each poet has worked in his or her own era completing his or her mission in various ways. This article concludes that similar ideas of two poets have led to their common goals of Islamic awareness, each one expressed it in its own way by studying Pakistani poet – Mohammad Iqbal Lahouri and Yemeni poet – Abdullah Al-Baradouni's with an analytical-descriptive approach; Abdullah Al-Baradouni depicts the Islamic awareness by composing poems with resistance literature concepts as well as Iqbal Lahori explicitly. Both poets consider unity among Muslims to be the most important secret and principle for the victory of Muslims over global arrogance and call on their followers to refrain from extreme patriotism and to consider all Islamic lands as part of their homeland. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Unity; Discourse in the Context of Sustainability Literature; with a Reflection on Persian and Arabic Contemporary Poetries
Farooq NematiInvitation to national unity and cohesion is one of the main themes in sustainability literature. Therefore, one of the most important discourses among the poets of the Islamic awakening in Persian and Arabic contemporary poetry is the issue of unity and public invitati MoreInvitation to national unity and cohesion is one of the main themes in sustainability literature. Therefore, one of the most important discourses among the poets of the Islamic awakening in Persian and Arabic contemporary poetry is the issue of unity and public invitation to solidarity and the formation of a single line against the enemies. This important socio-political category, the main sources of which are the guidelines of Holy Quran and the hadiths of the Prophet (PBUH), is widely reflected in the contemporary period and in the poems of bilingual poets; In a way, these poets consider the factor of unity in religious and national fields as one of the main factors of victory and success of Muslims in their political and social arenas. In this article, we will examine and analyze their views on the issue of unity by passing over the poems of the most important Persian and Arabic contemporary poets in the field of sustainability literature. The approach of this research shows that these poets, while enumerating the dangers of division, consider unity in its two Islamic and national spheres as the basis for achieving goals and defeating the conspiracies and plans of the enemy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - The unity of existence in the words of Imam Khomeini and its comparison with Davood Qaisari
Nematollah Behzadi Farajollah Barati Maryam BakhtiarDawood Qaisari is one of the famous mystics of the sixth century who has a great contribution in the development and growth of Ibn Arabi school. This book is undoubtedly one of the most prominent educational texts on theoretical mysticism, which testifies to the author' MoreDawood Qaisari is one of the famous mystics of the sixth century who has a great contribution in the development and growth of Ibn Arabi school. This book is undoubtedly one of the most prominent educational texts on theoretical mysticism, which testifies to the author's mastery in understanding and explaining the topics of Ibn Arabi's thought. The discussion of "unity of existence" is one of the important topics in this work, which is very interesting and has always been discussed by other mystics and thinkers of the Valley of Mysticism; For example, in the present era, Imam Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic, who, although entering the world of politics, does not hide his devotion and interest in Ibn Arabi's thought and his works, and especially in the discussion of the unity of existence. In the works of Daud Qaisari and Imam Khomeini, both of which are influenced by the teachings of the Ibn Arabi school, we find that they have similar views and opinions on the unity of existence and its bills, which are worthy of attention. Similarities such as: the unity of personal intuition, the first determination, the status of oneness and unity, etc. Although at first Imam Khomeini disagreed in some cases, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Validation of the Hadiths of the Virtues of Preserving the Quran in Shia Sources
zahra chenani mina shamkhi ghasem bostaniNumerous hadiths about the preservation of the Qur'an, the value and status of preservers, which have encouraging themes and motivate believers to memorize and recite the Qur'anic verses and act on it, have been found in the Shi'a narrative sources of infallible Shi'a. MoreNumerous hadiths about the preservation of the Qur'an, the value and status of preservers, which have encouraging themes and motivate believers to memorize and recite the Qur'anic verses and act on it, have been found in the Shi'a narrative sources of infallible Shi'a. These narratives are collected in most narrative and commentary societies. But the authenticity of these narrations and therefore the validity of their texts are not the same, and no general verdict can be made. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method, gathering information in a library-based manner, focusing solely on Shiite sources, focusing its study on the most important hadith societies and looking briefly at the history of this science and the developments it has gone through. , Has examined this, and shows that although some of the virtues of preserving the Qur'an are correct in content or in the authenticity of their document, this is not a reason for their correctness and relies solely on the document or text for correction. A news does not mean that it is correct. Whether or not the correct document is incorporated into the correct text may either imply unacceptable meaning or disagree with texts that have stronger truth implications. There were such problems in the hadiths studied that made them inaccurate and difficult to accept. Of course, although most of the hadiths of the virtues of preserving the Qur'an were weak, the Shi'a hadiths are legally bound to do so. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - Quranic and Traditional Principles of Judge’s Civil Responsibility and its Stream in Positive Law
Mahdi Bahrehmand Ahmad Reza Tavakoli Mohammad Hadi MahdaviThe present paper studies Quranic and traditional civil responsibilities of judges due to their mistakes and faults. According to the important position of judgment which is based on administration of justice and right, a judge should have specific characteristics in or MoreThe present paper studies Quranic and traditional civil responsibilities of judges due to their mistakes and faults. According to the important position of judgment which is based on administration of justice and right, a judge should have specific characteristics in order to play his vital role in administrating individual as well as social justice; to achieve this, judicial system needs informed and magistrate judges who are educated in legal and jurisprudence courses; they should be unbiased and judge only and only based on law, judge and equity. They also should be responsible for their mistakes and faults because of their decisions to prevent disappointment in juridical system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Strategic planning process of the Quran View
Alireza Heidarzadegan Fatemeh MashhadiabbasIn recent years, several reasons have caused intelligence managers to be aware of planning a traditional form is no longer able to solve the problems. It is therefore necessary to take advantage of strategic planning in governments, organizations and society. This wise MoreIn recent years, several reasons have caused intelligence managers to be aware of planning a traditional form is no longer able to solve the problems. It is therefore necessary to take advantage of strategic planning in governments, organizations and society. This wise design can be considered a strategic plan. In this paper an attempt has been made to consider the Qur’an as the best book of human conduct, will review a necessary component of the program is to attain prosperity. And with reference to verses in the Koran and the deeply profound understand how these verses are planning to provide to humans. In this paper an attempt has been made based on the Quran examined how the creator Strategic planning process will proceed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Fields of Solidarity, its Factors and Formation Strategies from Quran's Point of View
Gholamreza Shahraki FallahOne of the most important necessities of Islam school is Islamic solidarity. The present article intends to express solidarity fields and formation strategies in librarian method and by analyzing data. The solidarity issue is such important that it was paid attention si MoreOne of the most important necessities of Islam school is Islamic solidarity. The present article intends to express solidarity fields and formation strategies in librarian method and by analyzing data. The solidarity issue is such important that it was paid attention since the very beginning of Islam in a way that it has been mentioned implicitly in many Verses. Different types of solidarity are in three: human societies, religions and Islam. Sameness of punishment and encourage is the symbol in the field of religions as well as following Ibrahim's religion. In the field of Islamic solidarity, some factors such as Quran, Book, Towhid and … are the key roles. And solidarity among Islamic societies can be seen in the Verse below: "O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Using the term “Ummah” from the Linguistic View and Inclusion in the Holy Quran
hossain shams abadi mehdi momtahenAbstract Use of language as a social phenomenon and a social life necessity, is a feature of socialized human. Linguistic studies in the Arab began to appear world with the revelation of the Quran. Terms are a part of language and to study the emergence, growth and tra MoreAbstract Use of language as a social phenomenon and a social life necessity, is a feature of socialized human. Linguistic studies in the Arab began to appear world with the revelation of the Quran. Terms are a part of language and to study the emergence, growth and transformation, meaning and function of words is a part of linguistic knowledge. In this research we aim to clarify the position of the Holy Quran as a unique phenomenon among other linguistic phenomena from the perspective of linguistics. Use of this term presents the widespread view of the Holy Qur'an and it is considered a miracle in style and text that is special to the Holy Qur'an. On this basis, from the perspective of linguistic we look at the linguistic competence of the Holy Quran and we will study the use of the word “Ummah” and the symbols of its superiority in terms of its obligations and duties, and acceptance by the people, and eventually great commentators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - A Study on Holy Quran Principles about Enjoying Religious Differences
Abbas Bakhshandeh Bali Mohammad Ibrahim BakhshandehIt’s about centuries that enemies and arrogant countries set disunity and conflict amongst religions and Islamic tribes as their main strategy against Middle East; unfortunately war and Muslims’ slaughter news have been the main headline of the media all aro MoreIt’s about centuries that enemies and arrogant countries set disunity and conflict amongst religions and Islamic tribes as their main strategy against Middle East; unfortunately war and Muslims’ slaughter news have been the main headline of the media all around the world because of some Islamic nations and governments’ inattention and carelessness. Existence of differences and dissimilarities is natural and many advantages would be achieved because of these differences from Quran’s viewpoint. This research has been done with descriptive – analytical method and intends to study Quran’s principles on avoiding disunity among Islamic tribes and religions; it concludes that these differences are introductions and never should be the final aim; human’s duty is to decrease the differences and avoid disunity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Comparative Study of Unity of Acts from Quran and Sa’adi’s Viewpoint
Anwar ZiyaeiIslam is the religion of monotheism which is of supreme status amongst Islamic educations. Quran as the eternal patent of Islam, talks about monotheism and its various aspects. One of the human’s everlasting spiritual manifestations is worshipping and adoration se MoreIslam is the religion of monotheism which is of supreme status amongst Islamic educations. Quran as the eternal patent of Islam, talks about monotheism and its various aspects. One of the human’s everlasting spiritual manifestations is worshipping and adoration sense. Sa’adi is monotheism follower and intends to keep the unity of acts; he believes that all acts of human being are created and issued by Lord, even the words he says. The present research studies Sa’adi’s viewpoints about unity of acts in order to find out how much his ideas and beliefs conforms his religion about unity of acts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Time Management and Leisure Time of Students in Dormitory According to Quranic Learnings
Fahimeh MohammadpoorConsidering the importance of dormitories is within the scope of the social tasks of education, and that students spend much of their time outside the classroom and in their dormitories, this situation can be one of the best potentials for productivity. Relying on Islam MoreConsidering the importance of dormitories is within the scope of the social tasks of education, and that students spend much of their time outside the classroom and in their dormitories, this situation can be one of the best potentials for productivity. Relying on Islamic verses and hadiths, it is possible to obtain numerous and correct sources for spending leisure time, which are effective and useful for both the individual and society. Among the ways to spend leisure time according to Islamic sources and Quranic verses and hadiths and in line with time management in students, is worshiping God, reading books, sports, tourism, political activity and discussion. Thus, students, especially dormitory students, are different from others in terms of lifestyle, time spent. Therefore, by relying on these principles and considering the type and way of life of dormitory students, as potential forces for the growth and excellence of society, it is possible to help the progress and excellence of society by properly managing their leisure time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Studying and analyzing the elements of alienation and loneliness and comparing them in the poems of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Simin Behbehani
sa sa mahnaz bahraniNostalgia or the feeling of loneliness or sadness resulting from alienation from a psychological point of view is heartbreak and a person's longing for his past. This feeling appears as a manifestation of unconscious human behavior. Nostalgia, or feeling lonely and sad, MoreNostalgia or the feeling of loneliness or sadness resulting from alienation from a psychological point of view is heartbreak and a person's longing for his past. This feeling appears as a manifestation of unconscious human behavior. Nostalgia, or feeling lonely and sad, manifests itself within the framework of longing for home, lover, family, happy childhood and adolescence, and favorable political, social, economic, and religious conditions in the past. The result of this research shows that Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Simon Behbehani, as followers of the romantic school of contemporary literature (Arabic and Persian), used nostalgia as one of the basic and necessary foundations in their poetry and based on psychological sources and indicators are presented among the poets of nostalgia, although al-Bayati's words and feelings are more attractive and emotional Compared to Simin Behbehani. This research studies the poems of Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati and Simon Behbehani with an analytical and descriptive approach based on library sources. Its aim is to discover the components of nostalgia and to know the intellectual and poetic lines of these two poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Organic unity and Applied review of ode Altomanyneh Mikhaeel Noaimeh
Zinah Erfatpoor Mohammad Khosravi ChitgarIn the modern era, under the influence of the Western literary criticism has been highly spoken about Organic Unity in Arabic ode But many researchers and Critics is established incomplete concept of organic unity in their minds and think it mean MoreIn the modern era, under the influence of the Western literary criticism has been highly spoken about Organic Unity in Arabic ode But many researchers and Critics is established incomplete concept of organic unity in their minds and think it means the ode become confined to an Personal experience or a feeling and while they study it in the poetry they are amaze between logical unity and the unity of subject .So this essay express the concept of Organic unity and the unity of subject and the logical unity at contemporary Arabic poetry critics and schools and then the Organic Unity of the ode Altomanyneh of Mikhaeel Noaimeh that the Just to see what elements are applied to the organic unity between the components of the ode until the Organic unity is achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Analysis of the Quranic Function of Social Unity from the Perspective of Allamah Tabatabie
Sayed Mahdi Soltani Renani mohammadreza haji esmaeeli Muhammad Reza Sotudenia Sayed Mahdi LotfiOne of the social functions of Holy Quran in human life from Allmah Tabatabaie's point of view is the creation and expansion of social unity. He considers the unity as an element causing the honor and power of the Muslim community and regards it as God's gift. He believ MoreOne of the social functions of Holy Quran in human life from Allmah Tabatabaie's point of view is the creation and expansion of social unity. He considers the unity as an element causing the honor and power of the Muslim community and regards it as God's gift. He believes that Quranic suggestion for achieving this goal is to have plan for its expansion not just in words but in practice and adds that Quran besides designing and strengthening unity has mentioned the factors of schism as the social barriers of realizing unity. Quran has also tried to fight against the factors of schism and suggested practical solutions. The present study emphasizes the importance and situation of social unity in human life by highlighting Allamah Tabatabaie's views in al-Mizan and discusses about its Quranic functions, its barriers and solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Features free on criminal punishment for public service
Seyed Mehdi Hosseini سید محمود میرخلیلیWith regard to the ineffectiveness of short-term prison sentences, particularly in terms of deterrence and reform and the treatment of offenders Leaving the offender from society and acquaint him with the prison culture and considering the problems such as the spread of MoreWith regard to the ineffectiveness of short-term prison sentences, particularly in terms of deterrence and reform and the treatment of offenders Leaving the offender from society and acquaint him with the prison culture and considering the problems such as the spread of drugs in prisons,Outbreaks of infectious diseases and violence, countries are seeking to use alternative punishment to imprisonment as penalties community Known also fell, Iranian legislator in 1392. Non-custodial penalties into Islamic Penal Code, one Parts of this free public service institution or public utility services is the same court judges the conditions provided You can keep offenders in prison by the judge responsible for implementing sentences without the benefit of society without pay to work Them. According to some judges to implement the punishment should fit well in the context of the government and the judiciary, Administrative fields examined in society and be fully aware of the community. However, this institution is running in some provinces of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - A Glance at "Analogy" in the Sunnite and Imamiyyah Jurisprudence
Abolfazl AlishahiSunnis have recourse to "Analogy" (Qias) in their jurisprudential argumentation and generally regard it as a criterion, while Shiite jurists do not have an optimistic view about "Analog", though they have sometimes excluded some examples of analogy prohibited by t MoreSunnis have recourse to "Analogy" (Qias) in their jurisprudential argumentation and generally regard it as a criterion, while Shiite jurists do not have an optimistic view about "Analog", though they have sometimes excluded some examples of analogy prohibited by the legislator; however, the general viewpoint of Shiite jurists towards "analogy" is negative. "Analogy" is the inference of a partial religious decree from another. In other words, in a decree, one part is overgeneralized to another part. The question to be answered is whether the Imamiyyah Shiite negate the "analogy" wholly or accept it partially. This research, upon a survey of the Sunnite and Shiite viewpoints, has come to the conclusion that in Imamiyyah Shiite, some sorts of "analogy" are accepted in practice, in line with Sunnis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - The Consequences of Religious Extremism in the Middle East on US Foreign Policy during the Bush and Obama Times
hosein eslami mohsen eslamiThe purpose of this study is to examine the change in US foreign policy towards the Middle East in relation to religious extremism. In order to study this trend, consideration of structuralist theory as the basis of US foreign policy is needed. After the Soviet invasion MoreThe purpose of this study is to examine the change in US foreign policy towards the Middle East in relation to religious extremism. In order to study this trend, consideration of structuralist theory as the basis of US foreign policy is needed. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in the 1980s, the United States created, organized and supported al-Qaeda in order to confront this. But in the aftermath of 9/11, Bush introduced a new meaning to the Kurdish international system and expressed terrorism and al-Qaeda as the real enemy of the United States, attacking Afghanistan and Iraq to deal with it, and put unilateralism in foreign policy on the agenda. ; However, this policy was revised in the Barack Obama era. Accordingly, the main question of this study is that the rise of religious extremism in the Middle East has had an impact on US foreign policy towards the Middle East? In answer to this question, it has been assumed that the spread of religious extremism in the Middle East has increased the presence and military intervention of the United States in the region; however, over time, the responsibility to counter this phenomenon has been delegated from the United States to its regional and transatlantic allies in the Middle East. Is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Equality Opportunities and facilities in Political Justice Emphasizing the Holy Quran
سیدکاظم سیدباقریAbstract In political justice, the debate is about balancing, granting political rights, observance of law and the desired distribution of power among citizens, with the presence of this value, the active and free participation of individuals, the right to expression, MoreAbstract In political justice, the debate is about balancing, granting political rights, observance of law and the desired distribution of power among citizens, with the presence of this value, the active and free participation of individuals, the right to expression, the right to criticize, the formation of associations, the right to vote and the right to elect, It is provided to the citizens and the affairs are in proportion to the power, in proportion to their place. The main question of this paper is to examine the equality of opportunities and opportunities as one of the strategies for achieving political justice, with emphasis on the verses and logic of the Holy Qur'an, and in the hypothesis of the theoretical means such as equality in social situations, creation against human beings. These findings can be noted that for the implementation and achievement of the strategy of equality of opportunities and facilities, components such as the presence of legitimate power, the negation of privileges and judgment, and the law is equal, influential and fundamental, and can provide a platform for society to reach political justice. This research is based on descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - The War in the Hegemonic Theories of International Relations: Reflection of the War of Occupation of Iraq in a Hegemonic Behavior View
amin ravanbodThe discovery of the causes of the war for a better understanding of it and, if possible, avoiding it, is one of the factors driving knowledge of international relations. Hegemonic behavior and hegemonic governments are the main source of hegemonic international relatio MoreThe discovery of the causes of the war for a better understanding of it and, if possible, avoiding it, is one of the factors driving knowledge of international relations. Hegemonic behavior and hegemonic governments are the main source of hegemonic international relations theories for a better understanding of hegemonic wars, especially wars between the dominant hegemon and the challenging government calling for hegemony. In this regard, the main purpose of the present paper is to examine and criticize the hegemonic theories of international relations about the Iraq war in 2003 based on the hegemonic behavior or hegemonic governments, with an emphasis on the impact of US behavior as hegemony. The research method is library research and descriptive research. The research findings show that global hegemony, and in particular the United States hegemony, have two options because of the lack of a reference group of hegemons, where hegemony is fully, mutually and peacefully happens: first, hegemony can be exercised for the highest degree of dominance, authority, and leadership, through peaceful practices such as promoting new norms and exercising legitimate leadership based on standards accepted by others, or on a very different path in the traditional way of winning a major war or resorting to force in limited dimensions. Whenever the weight of the option of using force in hegemonic policies increases, the probable conditions of leading to war occur with a higher probability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Resistance Movements in West Asia and the Challenge of Iran's Leadership Role in the Axis of Resistance
Lotfi Mehdi Ali Shirkhani Mehdi Javadani MoghadamThis research, employing a descriptive-analytical method with a problem-oriented approach, examines the positive and ideological nature of the Islamic Revolution in the West Asian region as a unique phenomenon. It has managed to transform into an identity-giving model f MoreThis research, employing a descriptive-analytical method with a problem-oriented approach, examines the positive and ideological nature of the Islamic Revolution in the West Asian region as a unique phenomenon. It has managed to transform into an identity-giving model for the states and groups within the Axis of Resistance. The study adopts a developmental research approach, recognizing the Axis of Resistance as an unwritten security alliance among Shiite and non-Shiite resistance movements in West Asia and beyond, aimed at combating the Israeli regime and Western dominance in the Middle East, thereby advocating for the liberation of Palestine. From the early days of the Islamic Revolution's victory, Iran, by rejecting both Western and Eastern influences, proclaimed the formation of the "Party of the Oppressed" encompassing all the world's oppressed, positioning itself as an inspiring model for militant Muslims. Consequently, countries like Saudi Arabia, which seek to expand the Wahhabi ideology and lead the Arab world, accuse Iran of exporting the revolution and attempting to overthrow regional governments. Aligning with the West, they strive to portray Iran as a threat to regional countries, emphasizing its influence in four capitals (Beirut, Damascus, Baghdad, and Sana'a). On the other hand, the Zionist regime attempts to establish friendly relations with Iran's neighboring countries to implement its "Iranophobia" project. By infiltrating Turkey and Iraq in Iran's western borders, Azerbaijan and Central Asia in the northern borders, and the Gulf countries, especially Qatar, in the southern borders, Israel aims to encircle Iran and reduce its influence in leading the Axis of Resistance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Analysis Procedure of the Unilateral Sanctions of the United States and Their Impact on Employment and Development in Iran
Hamid Jamalpur KHerolah Parvin Maryam MoradiThe purpose of the present study is to review and analyze the unilateral sanctions of the US and their impacts on employment and development in Iran. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and an evaluation of the economic sanctions imposed against the Islamic Repu MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review and analyze the unilateral sanctions of the US and their impacts on employment and development in Iran. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and an evaluation of the economic sanctions imposed against the Islamic Republic of Iran with regulations and principles of the international law, proves the main hypothesis of this article that is the illegitimacy of such sanctions. Accordingly, the unilateral economic sanctions of the US against Iran have caused some limitations on different economic sections of the country, transfer of technical equipment and knowledge, foreign investment, transportation, payments, and so on. The results of the study show that one of the effects of the unilateral sanctions of the US against the Islamic Republic of Iran that has violated human rights, is the violation of the right of employment. Fluctuation in the process of employment in Iran following the sanctions, has caused the agitation and confusion of a lot of Iranian citizens. Lack of job and occupational security in the country, decline in production, inflation and … are some consequences of the sanctions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Exploring the Grounds for Arab Convergence with the Zionist Regime Against Iran Based on Stephen Walt's Balance of Threat Theory
Asghar Rajabi Deh Borzoei Mohammad BidgholiThe objective of the present research is to explore the grounds for Arab convergence with the Zionist regime against Iran, based on Stephen Walt's Balance of Threat theory. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the results indicate that the Arabs, emphasizi MoreThe objective of the present research is to explore the grounds for Arab convergence with the Zionist regime against Iran, based on Stephen Walt's Balance of Threat theory. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the results indicate that the Arabs, emphasizing Iran's security threats, have developed their relations with the Zionist regime for reasons including American support for normalizing relations, the Arabs' involvement in internal crises, the weakening of Iran's anti-Zionist ideology, the existence of rifts among Arab countries, and changes in the regional power balance through various military, political, and economic collaborations. They consider the behavioral pattern of threat balancing as the best approach towards the Islamic Republic of Iran. It seems that the normalization of relations between the Arabs and the Zionist regime, like other conspiracies by the Western-Hebrew-Arab triangle in recent decades, will ultimately fail. This plot will not be a concerning issue because sooner or later, it will lead to the disgrace of countries aligned with the Zionist regime and the collapse of these artificial relationships. Given that normalization of relations, at best, will not extend beyond the level of state relations with the Zionist regime, it is suggested that the Islamic Republic of Iran maintain active diplomacy to keep the issue of Palestine alive and remind the Arab governments to heed the voices of their peoples who oppose normalization with the occupying Zionist regime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Political Assessment of the Strategic Approach and Positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran Regarding the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Navid Nozaeem Seyyed Baqir Mirabbasi Mareyam Moradi Sohail Sohaili NajafabadiThe objective of this research is to politically assess the strategic approach and positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the findings indicate that the mutual MoreThe objective of this research is to politically assess the strategic approach and positions of the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the findings indicate that the mutual interests of Iran and the two major powers within the SCO, Russia, and China, in preventing American influence in Southwest Asia, particularly Central Asia, have brought them closer together within the framework of bilateral relations and also within the SCO. To counter American hegemony at the regional level and ensure its national interests against the security threats posed by the United States, the Islamic Republic of Iran has taken steps towards permanent membership in the SCO. Permanent membership in the SCO has provided structural opportunities for Iran, which, on one hand, can create a balance against American hegemony in the region with the support of the powers within this structure, and on the other hand, enhances Iran's political and security status in Central Asian equations and Middle Eastern developments. Therefore, with the aforementioned high capacities in the Middle East region, Iran has the necessary strategic capability to become a regional power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Investigating Ideological and Political Origins of the Houthis' Movement
Ahmad Jansiz Mostafa TarinThe purpose of the present study is to investigate and identify the political, ideological roots, motivations, and motives of the Houthi movement that has emerged in Yemen in recent years. In this study, the scientific and theoretical reasons of the Houthi movement have MoreThe purpose of the present study is to investigate and identify the political, ideological roots, motivations, and motives of the Houthi movement that has emerged in Yemen in recent years. In this study, the scientific and theoretical reasons of the Houthi movement have been taken into consideration by Dokmajian theory, and the role of Zaydieh and the actions of Yemeni rulers, especially Ali Abdullah Saleh and the ideas of Hussein Al Houthi have been noticed. This paper, using a descriptive-analytical method, shows that in analyzing the causes of the Houthi movement, some internal factors such as political, social, cultural and economic conditions are considered to be a factor for this movement and some other theorists believe external factors, international system and the effects of external events have contributed to this movement. The dynamics of the Houthi movement indicate that it will gain an important place in the political future of Yemen and in power position. Studying the intellectual roots of this movement has mostly political and ideological backgrounds that have fed the will of its followers. Combating oppression, American hegemony, Zionist influence, and the destruction of secularism have a particular place in these ideas, and they emphasize the legitimacy of the political system, justice and the renunciation of evil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - The Political Necessities of Unity of God Based on Ayatolah JavadiAmoli’s Viewpoints
Gholamreza Behrouzilak Hemmat Badrabadi Mohammad Hassan FallahModavariUnity of God is one of the most central belief issues in Islam. This issue in Islam is believed to contribute to the culmination of individuals a MoreUnity of God is one of the most central belief issues in Islam. This issue in Islam is believed to contribute to the culmination of individuals and the society; so that all the Islamic regulations and the human relations in the social life, such as the cultural and educational relations, commercial and economic contributions, and political and military contracts, are designed based on the principle of the unity of God. Therefore, one of the important issues for the political thinkers has been the way the unity of God influences the politics. To this end, the present article tries to find out what obligations are brought about in the realm of the Islamic politics by the unity of the Divine Essence and the Unity of Divine Acts. The findings reveal that the pluralities within the society and the political system and the position of the power in politics rely upon the Unity of the Divine Essence, which results in a kind of solidarity in the whole system and joins all the components of the ruling system together, and besides a Unitarian view it justifies the pluralism in the political system along its oneness. Furthermore based on the Unity of the Divine Acts, the origin of governance is the authority of God; the prophets, the imams and their deputies are the ones who have the authority of ruling, respectively. Therefore, the legitimacy of the power relies on the Divine permission, and even if it is assumed that the human intellect can come up with a perfect political system, acting in accordance with the necessities of that system somehow requires a manipulation in the power of the Most High God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Idea of Ummah in the Eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra)
ابوذر گوهری مقدم سید علی لطیفیRecognition of basic keywords in political thinking of Imam Khomeini (ra) is an important passage to desirably know the politico-mental system of a foundation he laid and memorably left behind legally and institutionally after revolution of Iran in 1357 (1978). “U MoreRecognition of basic keywords in political thinking of Imam Khomeini (ra) is an important passage to desirably know the politico-mental system of a foundation he laid and memorably left behind legally and institutionally after revolution of Iran in 1357 (1978). “Ummah” is known as a word that has Islamic nature and theme and it has been incorporated from religious literature into political thinking of Islamic thinkers, particularly the great leader of the Islamic Revolution. Research done on practical and theoretical works of Imam Khomeini (ra) indicates that the word keeping its religious originality and adopting its Quranic and narrative origin stands together with conceptual changes of the day like the words of nation and nationalism; it can reproduce itself in thinking of Imam Khomeini (ra) by making use of tools of Ijtihad with the time and space exigencies. The present article tries to make a study of idea of Imam Khomeini (ra) in this regard by means of analytic-descriptive method and library-based studies. By checking the old used word literature by Imam Khomeini (ra), one can draw the conclusion that concept of nation is found a marginal concept and in contact with concept of Ummah and he has never negated nationalism in the sense of rule of people or nation in his statements made about nationalism; rather, he has abandoned ethnicism and tribalism and their undesirable effects that result in division and disunity of Islamic Ummah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Religion as Viewed by Sufism
Mohammad Yousef Nayyeri Maryam ElahizadehAs with their other doctrines which are based on another world beyond this tangible one, the Sufis think of religion as having an inner nature in addition to its outward appearance. In their opinion, the outward appearance of the religion, cut off from its inner nature, MoreAs with their other doctrines which are based on another world beyond this tangible one, the Sufis think of religion as having an inner nature in addition to its outward appearance. In their opinion, the outward appearance of the religion, cut off from its inner nature, is a framework with no value in itself and can lead its believers neither to their destination nor to their goals. In their religious discourse, inner nature and appearance, principles and commandments, and theory and practice are blended together. They conceive the true meaning of the religion as revelatory certitude and serving people and put more emphasis on the latter, i.e. serving people. The writers, throughout this essay, are seeking to discover the true manifestation of religion. In conducting this research, the researchers have relied mainly on quotations and works of the greatest Muslim Mystics of 2nd to 5th centuries (AH) – Bayazid Bastami, Abul-Hassan Kharaqani, Abū Saʿīd Abi’l-Khayr, Imam Mohammad Ghazālī and Ayn-al-qożāt Hamadānī. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Unity of Creation; Bin Ma'ayet of Khosrawani's Wisdom in Manteqotteir Attar
Leyla Gholami Ahangar-Kolayi Mahmoud Tavousi Shahin Ojagh AlizadehKhosravani Hekmat is Philosophy and mysticism of ancient iran that In this research, the principle of unity of creation is considered as one of its important attributes in the works of Attar. According to the results, The poet was influenced by the principle of the unit MoreKhosravani Hekmat is Philosophy and mysticism of ancient iran that In this research, the principle of unity of creation is considered as one of its important attributes in the works of Attar. According to the results, The poet was influenced by the principle of the unity of creation, although under the influence of the human being in the wisdom of Khosravani, But, unlike its predecessors, The scientific analogy corresponds to the universe of the universe with the cosmic universe, which is equivalent to the analogy of the integrity of the thirty-sixth with the Simorgh. Particle and universe, ancient secrets, ordering, desirable city, number 30, Mount Ghaf, The victim of the sensual desire, the number seven, the simorgh and the famine are all the manifestations of the unity of creation in Manteqotteir that They originated from the wisdom of Khosravi. The unity of its existence in Manteqotteir is related to the integrity and integrity of the universe, the cosmic order, and the mythology of the perfection of the day. Between the above concepts, the equality ratio is in the quadruple rational ratios. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - An Analytical Comparative Study of the Myth of “Zal and Rudaba” in Comparison to Other Iranian and Egyptian Myths
maryam mahmoodi ahmad khademiThere is a symbolic interpretation of the myth of “Zal and Roudabeh” in its covert layers as it is in other Iranian and Egyptian myths. Zal and Simorgh are equal to the Sun, and are the symbols of godlike heroes. Rudaba is also the symbol of the gods associa MoreThere is a symbolic interpretation of the myth of “Zal and Roudabeh” in its covert layers as it is in other Iranian and Egyptian myths. Zal and Simorgh are equal to the Sun, and are the symbols of godlike heroes. Rudaba is also the symbol of the gods associated with water and the moon, and an icon of unconsciousness. These three characters are all eternal as their prototypes. The myth of Zal and Rudaba is abundant with dualities that are inclined to unite and exalt, i.e. Zal is to undergo metamorphosis in order to escape from that duality and transform into a godlike authority living close to Simorgh; and Rudaba – a female heroin – desires to be in union with Zal – a male hero. This paper has studied the myth of Zal and Rudaba and has compared it to ancient myths of Iran and Egypth regarding their structures and concepts. Finding the similarity between these myths the paper has given an archetypal and symbolic analysis of them Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - From Multiple Unity to Oneness Unity An Analysis of Attār Nīšābūrī’s Notion of The Truth of Monotheism
Hamidreza Shirali Malek Mohammad FarokhzadThe first consensually accepted theological, philosophical, and mystical principle among all Muslims and followers of Ibrahim’s religion is monotheism, and the belief in this unaltered principle, is undoubtedly the product of the truth of monotheism that governs a MoreThe first consensually accepted theological, philosophical, and mystical principle among all Muslims and followers of Ibrahim’s religion is monotheism, and the belief in this unaltered principle, is undoubtedly the product of the truth of monotheism that governs all the existence. However, it should not be ignored that ultimate knowledge about this solid and integrated principle is hardly achievable and rarely attainable, and according to the beliefs and sayings of all distinguished mystics of Islamic countries the perfect manifestation and the most justified form of monotheism is merely in the authority of the Perfect Man ever, who is the Excellency of the Master of Prophets, Mohammad (PBUH). On the belief of Islamic thinkers the knowledge about the boundaries between oneness unity and multiple unity is out of the toleration and understanding of all human beings; and what the knowledgeable masters believe as the “annihilation in God”, is indeed drowning in unbounded ocean of oneness unity; the unity that its only God will not let a twin whatsoever. The present research is undertaking the study of the monotheism in Farīd-al-dīn Mohammad Attār Nīšābūrī’s works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - Anti-wisdom during Safavid age
Hassan shamyan Mehdi Muhaghegh -
Open Access Article
264 - Unity and duality in Shahnameh and Mazdayasna religion
Iraj Mehraki Sara Ajali -
Open Access Article
265 - Social Thoughts as Seen from the Viewpoints of Rumi and Iqbal
Ali Mohammad Moazzeni Shiva Heydari -
Open Access Article
266 - Sociological explanation of the process of formation of new reference groups and their impact on the formation of citizenship ethics in Iran in the last three decades
معصومه باشی سیف اله سیف اللهیMasoumeh Bashi PhD in Sociology of Social Groups, Faculty of Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Seifullah Seifullahi Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Az MoreMasoumeh Bashi PhD in Sociology of Social Groups, Faculty of Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Seifullah Seifullahi Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. (Responding Author): rped_almizan@yahoo.com Today, with the intensification of the process of modernity and postmodernity, the production and growth of various technologies, followed by increasing changes in various areas of social, economic, cultural and .... Meanwhile, influential reference groups in the field of citizenship ethics have undergone important changes, including changes in their patterns, methods and values. The present study, with regard to this important issue and with the aim of "sociological explanation of the process of formation of new reference groups and their impact on the formation of citizenship ethics in Iran in the last three decades" in a qualitative way in the academic year 99-98 was implemented. The theoretical framework of the research was formed by combining the theories of "Durkheim, Parsons, Habermas, Giddens, Wallerstein, Merton and Saifullah's approach". Purposeful sampling was used and data were collected by interview technique and a semi-structured questionnaire. The study population was the professors of the two faculties of social sciences of Tehran Azad University and the center of science and research. The sample size was up to data saturation interview (21 people). Based on the findings, citizenship in Iran in the true sense was not formed and the situation of citizenship ethics in Iran was assessed as weak. Also, factors within the community, external factors, cyberspace and mass media have influenced the formation of new reference groups in the last three decades in Iran. New reference groups have also been influential in the formation of citizenship ethics in Iran over the past three decades. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - The Role of Neighborhood Development Institution in Realizing Sustainable Urban Regeneration Goals with Integrated Approach Case Study: (Rey Gateway Neighborhood in Qom)
Fahimeh Fattahizadeh Saeed Yazdani Alireza Shaykh al-Islami Giti Etemad -
Open Access Article
268 - Strategic Planning in Hotel Industry (Case Study: Parsian Evin Hotel)
Zeinab Rajabi Amin Pir Mohammad Zadeh Mina Zarepour Fatemeh Doozandeh Zibary -
Open Access Article
269 - A Comparative Analysis of 'Epistemology of the Nafs (Soul) in Masnavi' and 'post-Cartesian Thoughts of Spinoza
Robabeh Abbasi Sahebi Hosein Mansoorian Sorkhgarieh Reza ForsatiThis article is a comparative study of the “epistemology of the soul" from the viewpoints of Molāna and Spinoza. Research hypotheses indicate that there are substantial similarities between the mystical attitude of Molāna which is based on the “unity of the MoreThis article is a comparative study of the “epistemology of the soul" from the viewpoints of Molāna and Spinoza. Research hypotheses indicate that there are substantial similarities between the mystical attitude of Molāna which is based on the “unity of the existence” and Spinoza's believe in “the unity of the essence”. Despite Spinoza's adherence to the rationalism of Descartes, he had, unlike pluralist Descartes, a unitarian look in the field of the “essence of the existence”, that had common features with Molāna thoughts in Masnavi Ma’navi. For this reason, bearing in mind the hypothesis that nafs, is theoretically as well as practically, distinct from the soul, Spinoza's trans- cartesian attitudes in epistemology of the soul became the subject of comparison. This research which is in analytic-descriptive method, is done as an interdisciplinary comparative study, both philosophically and mystically, in response to the problems of: what is the nature and origin of the nafs? How can be controlled its insurrections? And what is the degree of the effect of djabr va ikhtyār (fatalism and free will) on the emergence of the selfish appetites? It concluded that there is not significant differences between two attitudes in nature, states and acts of the soul and its levels, restraint manner and the relation of the soul with human will, except in their methodology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - The Function of Narrative Plot in Formation of Organic Unity in Free Poetry: A Case Study of Badr Shākir al-Sayyāb and Mehdi Akhavān Sāles
Aliasghar Ghahremani Moghbel Fereshteh Yadegari Hojjat Rasouli Amir FarhangniaThe beauty of the literary work, especially free poetry, is due to the cohesion of its different parts in form and content, so that it appears to the reader as a coherent construction of harmonious units from the beginning to the end. Organic unity is one of the most pr MoreThe beauty of the literary work, especially free poetry, is due to the cohesion of its different parts in form and content, so that it appears to the reader as a coherent construction of harmonious units from the beginning to the end. Organic unity is one of the most prominent issues raised after the emergence of free poetry of which the plot is the most important element. In this article, the authors examine the organic unity of narrative plot and its importance in forming organic cohesion and coherence of the constituents of poetry through the comparison between the pioneers of Arabic and Persian free poetry, Badr Shakir al-Sayyab and Mehdi Akhavān Sāles, from a comparative view point and reliance on the American school. They are also examine how each of these poets uses these elements. The findings of the research show that Akhavan is more successful in applying narrative plot, including rising and falling action (gereh goshāei and gereh afkani), in formation process of organic unity, because his poetry is in a clear linear process that is materialized this by using rising and falling action as well as logical systematic sequences of thoughts in which the richness of the Persian heritage in fictional language has been effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - The Effect of Persian Culture on Islamic Culture of First Abbasid Period with a Review of Jahez's Works
Mohammad Ali Azarshab Azartash Azarnoush Ali AswadiTime of Abbasid I is considered as a cultural and scientific era which is due to the coexistence of different Muslim tribes and their cultural exchanges. In fact, this cultural participation in the Islamic world of the day on the one hand and Muslims endeavor along with MoreTime of Abbasid I is considered as a cultural and scientific era which is due to the coexistence of different Muslim tribes and their cultural exchanges. In fact, this cultural participation in the Islamic world of the day on the one hand and Muslims endeavor along with other tribes in enriching the Islamic culture all led the society's new needs into the appearance of a common civilization and culture. Of the cultural components in the new Islamic culture was the Iranian culture which served an important role in advancing the scientific and cultural aspects of the time. Jahez's writings are filled with components that originated from Iranian culture; his books are truly a reflection of the events of the time. This paper explores and analyzes these elements to prove the influence of Iranian culture and civilization on the Islamic cultural context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Analysis of Ode Form in Poems of Jarollah Zamakhshari
Hassan Dadkhah Tehrani Kheyrieh Ajrash Gholam Reza Karimifard Zohreh Azari Since the days of ignorance, ode in Arabic literature has been written based on a specified system and poets and critics have used this defined structure as foundation of their works. Arabic ode consists of several parts, each of which is an introduction to the n More Since the days of ignorance, ode in Arabic literature has been written based on a specified system and poets and critics have used this defined structure as foundation of their works. Arabic ode consists of several parts, each of which is an introduction to the next part; first verse of an ode is called matla'. After matla' are placed tashbib (to mention youth affairs) or nasib (soft poetry about women), taxallos (pseudonym) (escape of poet from lyricism to main theme), main theme (praise, glory, whimper, etc.), and maqta' (section) (prayer of approval and desire to immortality for desired person of the poem) respectively. This is the exact criterion which past poets obliged themselves to it and critics make future poets to follow it. Jarollah Zamakhshari is one of the poets that this paper analyzes his adherence to Arabic ode of ignorance period through investigating odes and methods applied in composing prelude, matla', pseudonym (connection of prelude with main purpose of the poem),final part and unity of subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Detect Stable Community in Dynamic Social Networks Using Influential Nodes
Taleb khafaei Alireza Tavakoli Taraghi Mehdi Hoseyn Zadeh Ali RezaeeSocial networks have found many applications in people's daily lives today so that identifying the behavior of members of these types of networks and associations within them is of particular importance. Due to the structure and the way of communication between the memb MoreSocial networks have found many applications in people's daily lives today so that identifying the behavior of members of these types of networks and associations within them is of particular importance. Due to the structure and the way of communication between the members of social networks, some members within this type of network have more important roles than other members. In this study, a method for identifying more important communities was discussed. For this purpose, new features were introduced using network centralization features and then the importance of this type of feature was investigated by Rough set theory. The experimental results showed that by increasing the number of popular nodes among a community where introduced in this study and at the same time decreasing the value of density, betweenness, and closeness centrality features of that community, it causes the effect of the number of popular nodes on the community will remain more evident. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Evaluation of Temperature, Disturbance and Noise Effect in Full Adders Based on GDI Method
Hashem Arfavi Seyed Mohammadali Riazi Roozbeh HamzehyanIn this paper, we limit our attention to full adders based on the GDI method, circuits that are commonly used in high-speed circuits and are more prone to noise. So far, a comprehensive review on noise immunity and ambient temperature change of full adders based on the MoreIn this paper, we limit our attention to full adders based on the GDI method, circuits that are commonly used in high-speed circuits and are more prone to noise. So far, a comprehensive review on noise immunity and ambient temperature change of full adders based on the GDI method has not been presented, and most of the studies have compared their proposed design with other full adders, which are mainly not based on the GDI method. These full adder cells were evaluated by various simulations such as supply voltage change, capacitive load change, ambient temperature change and process-voltage-temperature (PVT) changes in 45 nm CMOS technology. A noise immunity curve (NIC) was derived for full adder cells to identify better-performing full adder cells. The unity noise gain (UNG) was also investigated to evaluate the noise. Finally, a comprehensive comparison was made in terms of propagation delay, power consumption, power-delay product (PDP), voltage swing, sensitivity to process changes and noise for full adders based on the GDI method. The obtained results can be useful in the decisions of integrated circuit designers to choose the appropriate structure of the full adder based on the GDI method Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Participation of units taking into account the possible rotational storage and intermittent load
Amirhossein Babaali Mohammadali AmeliThis article discusses possible discussions in UC, where rotating and intermittent loading reservations are considered exploitation reservations. Expected Unsupplied Energy (EENS) is considered as a criterion for probability and a new method has been proposed to calcula MoreThis article discusses possible discussions in UC, where rotating and intermittent loading reservations are considered exploitation reservations. Expected Unsupplied Energy (EENS) is considered as a criterion for probability and a new method has been proposed to calculate this index in the presence of uninterruptible load. The credibility of issue 1Unit Commitment (RCUC) is expressed mathematically based on linear composition (MIP) programming. The most important economic constraint is the cost of energy. And technically, by considering intermittent loads and rotating reservations, with the help of possible topics, the amount of unsecured energy can be reduced and, of course, the reliability of the units' participation can be increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Analyzing critical parables in Farrokhi's and Forough poems with the approach of social influences
Hosein Mehrabibardar mohammadali sharifiyan rajab fakhraeiyanCritical parables are one of the last tools of elite thinkers and poets to protest against the atmosphere of suffocation and suffocation prevailing in the society. The importance of this research is to know that in a society reform is formed in the real sense and growth MoreCritical parables are one of the last tools of elite thinkers and poets to protest against the atmosphere of suffocation and suffocation prevailing in the society. The importance of this research is to know that in a society reform is formed in the real sense and growth and perfection are realized, that critiques based on reasoning from the intellectual class become common. The purpose of this research is to examine Farrokhi's allegorical-critical poems along with similar examples from the Holy Quran, Nahj al-Balagha and great poets, especially with a descriptive-analytical method based on library sources, and the critical view of Farrokhi in his allegorical poems according to the prevailing conditions. to be analyzed in the bowl of social literature on its own time. No background was found on the topic of critical parables of Farrokhi poems. The method of research was extracting allegorical-critical poems in Divan and analyzing them. The question is whether the allegorical criticisms of Farrokhi had an impact on the social developments of that time or not? He sees no other way than to express the facts in the form of plain and sometimes allegorical, metaphorical and ironic prose. Because he has tried the path of evangelism and gossip before, like all the freedom fighters of history, he knows the hard end, but he believes that he keeps the light of awareness on, and because his choice is a conscious courage, even if his life is on the line, he conveys his words and his message. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Transformation and modernity of Allegory in the Theory of Existence Unity and Intuition Unity (Focusing on Sanai and Fakhr al-Din Ibrahim Iraqi’s Masterpieces)
Ali Akhlaghi Maryam MahmoodiThe attitudes of famous mystics, facing epistemological matters and relationship between human being, the Creator, and the universe during eras and times, at any mystic level, differ from one another. Every thinking-mystic attitude is endowed with a particular analysis MoreThe attitudes of famous mystics, facing epistemological matters and relationship between human being, the Creator, and the universe during eras and times, at any mystic level, differ from one another. Every thinking-mystic attitude is endowed with a particular analysis of the mystic and enjoys the exclusive writing methods or special thoughts to express their mystical discoveries, which might have been the results of other famous mystics’ team works. Although investigating mystics’ masterpieces, sayings, and writing structures have many things in common, much attention and evaluation of this piece with the special and pure mystical factors and literary language may provide precise readers with delicate differences regarding vocabulary, imagination, and thoughts. Allegory is considered to be the best mimetic method for the mystics to express more about mystical experiences and in higher levels, mystical-instructional thoughts, which have different structures and images in the two big inclinations of intuition unity and existence unity. By comparing the masterpieces of two mystic poets as the samples of these two mystical thoughts – i.e. Hakim Sanai Ghaznavi and Fakhr al-Din Ibrahim Iraqi – the author has tried to analyze this issue in order to explain and express the same through evidences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - An allegorical approach to affection and anger in the Siah Galash legend
habiballah ghoamdoust ali mohammad moazani jahandoust sabz ali pour sourallah nouruziOne of the most mysterious beliefs among the ranchers of Guilan is the belief in a legend called Siah Galash which over time has been intertwined with reality and fantasy and has found a special place in the formation of their cultural identity. Because of his immortali MoreOne of the most mysterious beliefs among the ranchers of Guilan is the belief in a legend called Siah Galash which over time has been intertwined with reality and fantasy and has found a special place in the formation of their cultural identity. Because of his immortality and blessing power, the hero of this myth has been considered as equal as their religious leaders in the people's minds and there are different narrations about his actions in regulating the laws of hunting and production of dairy products and environmental protection. Accordingly, after a short speech in explaining the main identity of this living and active legend and expressing the differences and its narrative commonalities in different regions of Guilan as well as, for the purpose of, obtaining applied answers regarding the function of allegory in different narrations and finally, can allegory play a useful role in rehabilitating the thoughts of the listeners? Or can it be effective in organizing the implementation of social rules among the community of ranchers? And in the case of the existence of positive answers, how much can it be effective? Brief discussion about the nature of allegory in rhetoric, examination the allegorical approach of love and anger, which is considered to be one of the constituent elements of Siah Galash's personality, are also the objectives of this research. This research is new as it is not done before and it is done in a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Philosophical l Deviations of sheikh-ol-rais in imam khomeini''s instructions (GB)
Abdolreza JamalzadehIbnesina is a prominent and Muslim scientist has been introduced broadly in different sciences due to high intelligence and Genius. He is considered as a founder and creator which is unique in his era. Sheikh-ol-rais is head of peripatetic school in the Islamic e MoreIbnesina is a prominent and Muslim scientist has been introduced broadly in different sciences due to high intelligence and Genius. He is considered as a founder and creator which is unique in his era. Sheikh-ol-rais is head of peripatetic school in the Islamic era has influenced the schools and philosophies after himself, one of those who admires him but criticizes is famous scholar called Imam Khomeini. Imam reminds him as the greatest scientist who is unique in terms of genius but has a lot deviations and mistakes. In the paper we are to criticize and consider some philosophical problems of Ibnesina including bodily resurrection, essential motion , wise and sane unity and… in view point of imam Khomeini (GB) and sometimes we apply the opinions of others such as sadr-ol-hokamaye shirazi, although the goal is to prove and justify the continents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Express unity with the techniques of spiritual allegory
M. Nazarimystical literature Has a special place, Masnavi is like a miracle.Rumi's beautiful expression and use of allegory with various tips in the form of similes, metaphors, allusions, ancient and patterns ... to express Mystical object. Sports themes such as destruction, ann Moremystical literature Has a special place, Masnavi is like a miracle.Rumi's beautiful expression and use of allegory with various tips in the form of similes, metaphors, allusions, ancient and patterns ... to express Mystical object. Sports themes such as destruction, annihilation in Allah's attributes, Unity is a form of reasoning concepts with different purposes, To the mind of the decisions about what, in a decision about something else, because of the similarity between it creates Dvmqvlh­ The garlic. He believes that this property is Vjsmany material forms and templates, Which prevents see the truth because behind them nothing but unity does not exist. The only way to get to the truth except through Vastghraq on the right will not forget. Rumi, to prove the unity of spirits, of metaphorical allegories such as shades of light barrier Congress Nvrkh article speaks the truth. Inally, the Masnavi unity shops or anything other than God knows He knows apparent and unreal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Designing a Model to Online Shopping Behavior Based on the Quality of Sites
Mahmoud Naderi Bani Mahdi Al Husseini almodarresi adeleh dehghani ghahnavi Mohammad Mahdi afsharThe purpose of this research was to provide a comprehensive model of the determinants of online shopping behavior based on site quality. This research was descriptive and Applied Survey. The populaition of research was M.A students with entrance of 1393 in Yazd Universi MoreThe purpose of this research was to provide a comprehensive model of the determinants of online shopping behavior based on site quality. This research was descriptive and Applied Survey. The populaition of research was M.A students with entrance of 1393 in Yazd University. 212 sample were chosen based on Cochran formula and by classes sampling. The data collection instrument was questionnaire. data analysis was performed by little squares and by helping of Smart Pls2/0 and Amos23 softwares. Findings showed that technical, appearance and content quality of website Positive affect intention to internet purchase (P<0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Predicting the Organizational Commitment and their Components from Seven Personel and Organizational Variables
محسن گلپرور ـ سید حمیدرضا عریضی سامانیThe aim of this study was to predict the organizational commitment and their components (i.e Identificational, Exchange, and Affiliation commitment) from seventeen variables including participation to decision making, organizational citizenship behaviors, job perspectiv MoreThe aim of this study was to predict the organizational commitment and their components (i.e Identificational, Exchange, and Affiliation commitment) from seventeen variables including participation to decision making, organizational citizenship behaviors, job perspective, confidence in supervisor, pay satisfaction, promotion opportunity, internal motivation, supervising quality, desire to remain turnover intention, job attachment, work attachment and satisfaction with supervisor and coworkers. In order to reach the goals of the research, participants (male and female) were randomly selected from a public organization's personnel. Balfor and Wechsler's ( ) scale were used for measurement of the organizationa commitment and their components. The validity and reliability of the research instruments were investigated and verified. Stepwise regression analysis was used for data analysis. The results showed that in six steps: job attachment, participation in decision making, pay satisfaction, job perspective, promotion opportunity, and turnover intention were multiple correlation coefficient with identificational commitment and they are able to explain percent of this variable variance. The exchange commitment results showed that in six steps: supervision quality, job perspective, job attachment, pay satisfaction, satisfaction with coworkers and desire to remain have multiple correlation coefficient with exchange commitment and they are able to explain percent of this variable variance. For affiliation commitment, the results showed that in six steps: supervision quality, promotion opportunity, participation decision-making, pay satisfaction, desire to remain and satisfaction with coworkers had multiple correlation coefficient with affiliation commitment and were able to explain percent of this variable variance. For general organizational commitment, the results in eight steps: supervision quality, desire to remain, promotion opportunity, pay satisfaction, job perspective, satisfaction with coworkers, participation in decision making and job attachment had multiple correlation with general organization commitment and they were able to explain percent of this variable variance. Regression equations were also presented for predicting the indentificationa, exchange, affiliation and general organizational commitment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - The Influence of Rehabilitation Course of Psychological Services in Addicts Negative Self Concept, Anxiety, Depression and Self-Esteem in The Rapeutic Communing Center of Ahwaz
ساسان باوی محمد رضا برناThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of rehabilitation course of Psycho-logical services in negative self concept , anxie-ty, epression and self esteem addicted men in therapeutic community center of Ahwaz in 2007-2008. esearch plan is of quasiexp MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of rehabilitation course of Psycho-logical services in negative self concept , anxie-ty, epression and self esteem addicted men in therapeutic community center of Ahwaz in 2007-2008. esearch plan is of quasiexperimen-tal "pretest- posttest" with one group. The sam-ple of the research were 50 men from the well being – volantry in therapeutic community cen-ter in Ahvwaz.the tools of the research are Rogers's self concept test, Cattel's anxiety test, Beck's depression test and Copper Smith's self esteem test .the results show that the presenta-tion of the psychological services in therapeutic community center of Ahwaz reduced the mean of negative self oncept, depression, an-xiety and increased the mean of selt esteem in the addicted men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - The effectiveness of stress immunization training on the sense of agency, emotion regulation, the tendency to masturbate and Internet pornography in male 12th grade upper secondary school students in Ahvaz
Farideh Narimisaei Sahar Safarzadeh Fatemeh sadat MarashianThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stress immunization training on the sense of agency, emotion regulation, tendency to masturbate, and online pornography in male 12th grade upper secondary school students in Ahvaz. This study was a quasi-experimental MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of stress immunization training on the sense of agency, emotion regulation, tendency to masturbate, and online pornography in male 12th grade upper secondary school students in Ahvaz. This study was a quasi-experimental one with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The statistical population of this study included all male 12th grade upper secondary school students in Ahvaz in the academic year 2020-2021. Among them, 50 male students of the 12th grade of upper secondary school were selected using multistage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group (25 people in each group). The experimental group underwent Meichenbaum’s (2008) stress immunization training in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group received no intervention. The instruments used included Sense of Agency Scale (Polito et al., 2013), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-short) (Garnefski et al., 2002), Masturbation Tendency Questionnaire (Jozak, 2017), and the Pornography Craving Questionnaire (Kraus & Rosenberg, 2014). Data were analyzed using Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-23 software. The results of data analysis showed that stress immunization training had a positive effect on sense of agency, emotion regulation, tendency to masturbate, and Internet pornography in male students compared to the control group (P <0.001). The results in the follow-up phase were also stable. The results indicated the effectiveness of stress immunization training on the sense of agency, emotion regulation, the tendency to masturbate, and Internet pornography in male 12th grade upper secondary school students Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - The Relationship Between Language Teacher Immunity and Personality Type of Iranian EFL Teachers
Bahareh Khazaeenezhad Maryam Davoudinasab -
Open Access Article
286 - Investigating the Relationship between Teacher Resilience, Teacher Immunity and Emotional Intelligence among Iranian EFL Teachers
Fahimeh Rezapoor Aysheh Mohammadzadeh -
Open Access Article
287 - Investigating the oppertunities and threats, strengths and weaknesses of using smart innovations (case study: Isfahan highschool teachers)
Eshrat Zamani Ali Ghasempour Reza Homaei Setareh MousaviThe recent research was done to consider oppertunities and threats, strengths and weaknesses of using smart innovations (case study: Isfahan highschool teachers). The population included all the highschool teachers in fifth regions (N= 2608) in 2010-2011. 355 people wer MoreThe recent research was done to consider oppertunities and threats, strengths and weaknesses of using smart innovations (case study: Isfahan highschool teachers). The population included all the highschool teachers in fifth regions (N= 2608) in 2010-2011. 355 people were selected by using Morgan table and relative stratifid sampling.The used instruments were included the interview and demographic questionnaire. the findings was analyzed by using Spss. The findings showed that when new thechnology combined with teaching process, teaching could be more effective and satisfying. Also it increased not only professors’ abilities in teaching, but also it made teaching method easier. Finally this article was considered strengths and weaknesses of using smart innovations in teaching from Isfahan highschool teachers, perspectives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Identification of sexual education curriculum in the education system Iran
zohreh ghalavand parvin samadi parvin ahmadi Narges KeshtiaraySexual education is one of the most complex and sensitive areas of education. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the position of the country's high school sexual orientation curriculum in recent decades. This research employed a qualitative synthes MoreSexual education is one of the most complex and sensitive areas of education. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the position of the country's high school sexual orientation curriculum in recent decades. This research employed a qualitative synthesis approach. The corpus of this study consisted of all scientific articles published(magiran, sid, normags, etc ) about the implementation of Sexual education. From this corpus 268 papers were identified through constant searching of the scientific data bases and a total of 36 articles were selected for the final analysis. A researcher- made worksheet form was used for the purpose of reporting and submitting information. The obtained data were analyzed through six-step model for meta-synthesis Robert using Open and axial coding techniques. Findings synthesis indicate that the four themes of the double-edged sword are the concept of sexuality, threats – opportunities for sexuality education, sex education and culture in sexuality The results indicated that the sex education curriculum is a silent curriculum that can be clarified by policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Homeschooling; Apportunity or threat in Iran's education system?!
Bahare Soleimani Majid Aliasgari Ali Hosseinikhah Mohammad AttaranTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the concept of the homeschooling, its place inside and outside the country, and the aspect of the opportunity or threat thereof in Iran. To achieve this explanation, using a synthesis research methodology, a total of 127 stu MoreTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the concept of the homeschooling, its place inside and outside the country, and the aspect of the opportunity or threat thereof in Iran. To achieve this explanation, using a synthesis research methodology, a total of 127 studies were studied. Afterwards, 95 works including books, essays and theses were selected through systematic selection, content analysis and categorization. The criteria for selecting these studies were to study the above components for 1976-1976 for 60 external documents and 1991-2017 in 35 internal works. Then, a combination of findings was presented in accordance with the principles of integration, rethinking and re-mapping of data. At the end of each section, aggregate findings and general conclusions are presented as needed. The results showed that due to some educational factors such as lack of facilities, memory, lack of creativity, Axial book, etc., as well as value factors such as conflict of religious and social values, attention to the interests of children, the love of the homeschooling, and the use of This approach is an educational opportunity; it's over its threatening dimensions, such as lack of legalization, time consuming, lack of control tools, and so on. Considering the new educational approaches, breaking the monopoly of formal education and conducting applied research in this field, is presented as a suggestion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Assessment of Vivaldi Antenna Parameters for Biomedical applications
Emine AVŞAR AYDIN -
Open Access Article
291 - Identification of Communities on Static Social Networks
Maliheh Ghasemzadeh Mohsen Ashourian -
Open Access Article
292 - Estimation of sugarcane field temperature using Split Window Algorithm and OLI LandSat 8 satellite images
Shadman Veysi Abd Ali Naseri Saeid Hamzeh Poria MoradiLand Surface Temperature (LST) is one of important parameters that is measured using Remote-sensing tools and thermal bands of satellites. The importance of this issue is revealed when direct effects of temperature are shown on the increase and decrease of evaporation, MoreLand Surface Temperature (LST) is one of important parameters that is measured using Remote-sensing tools and thermal bands of satellites. The importance of this issue is revealed when direct effects of temperature are shown on the increase and decrease of evaporation, evapotranspiration and as a result, the moisture content changes in the plant. In this study, the temperature of sugarcane canopy cover was measured by LandSat 8 satellite data in 8 sugarcane fields out of Salman Farsi Sugacane Industry involving 5 points from each field (totally 40 points); these points were irrigated in different days and measured by the infrared thermometer. The points were selected at the edges of fields with the intervals of 30 m in order to avoid the combination of them with the pixels with no vegetation. To calibrate the Split Window (SW) algorithm, the input data of water evaporation, emissivity and transmittance as well as LandSat 8 satellite images were applied. Results have shown that the estimation of vegetation temperature of sugarcane fields in different days of irrigation was of an acceptable accuracy. Also, in the points with the same vegetation, irrigation is the main factor for the changes of temperature. In this research, Residual Mean Error Square (RMSe), and Mean Average Error for the measured field temperature and extracted one by the satellite images were given as 0.925 and 0.766 °C, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Identification and differentiating of geomorphology facies of Sabzevar region using Remote sensing and GIS
Esmaeil Silakhori Majid OwneghGeomorphological landscapes are the foundations of natural resources investigations of the watersheds. Because these landscapes are affected by many factors such as climate, soil, hydrology, ecology, geology and so on. In this survey, Sabzevar region with diverse geomor MoreGeomorphological landscapes are the foundations of natural resources investigations of the watersheds. Because these landscapes are affected by many factors such as climate, soil, hydrology, ecology, geology and so on. In this survey, Sabzevar region with diverse geomorphological processes from mountain to play is selected in order to be identified and classified using RS and GIS. For this purpose, a combination of both overlaying and photomorphic units visual interpretation methods was used. In the overlaying method, slope, elevation and geological maps were prepared and classified. In visual interpretation, the TM 5 sensor satellite images were used. After preprocessing of images, the PCA, OIF index, FCC, HS, NDVI index techniques was used to separate photomorphic units with the aid of the Google Earth. Finally, 4 units, 10 types, and 96 facies (in 261 replications) were separated. Statistical analysis using Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference at the 99% level among the area of desertification units, types, and facies the confirming suitable spatial separation of the area. Pediment unit (50.97%), lower pediment type (25.97%) and alluvial fan facies with tunnel erosion (375.43ha) had the highest spatial distribution in Sabzevar region. Finally, it can be concluded that the overlaying method is not suitable for deserts and using a combination of visual interpretation method can fix this defect and increase the accuracy of the output map. The mentioned map can be used for development and implementation of land capability, natural resources and combating desertification projects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Evaluation of different satellite image enhancement techniques in separating of geological units
Vadieh Barzegari dehaj Mohammad Zare Mohammad hossein Mokhtari Mohammad Reza EkhtesasiLithological studies and geological units' mapping are generally applicable to the many fields of natural resources management. Satellite remote sensing images have been widely used for separating of geological units which can generate accurate results, as well as time MoreLithological studies and geological units' mapping are generally applicable to the many fields of natural resources management. Satellite remote sensing images have been widely used for separating of geological units which can generate accurate results, as well as time and cost saving. This research aims at comparing the performance of different enhancement techniques in order to separate four geological units in the study area of Taft watershed, Yazd. In this study, Landsat 8 satellite images (OLI sensor) were used, analyzed and classified. Geological maps were also up to dated using google earth images. A comparison of the results of the satellites classified images and base geological maps, indicates the Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy of the classified supervised maps of the ration of b7/b5 have the highest values of 0.78 and 86.7%, respectively. To verify the accuracy of the comparison results, QQ plots were used to compare the percentage of areas. Comparing the percentage of areas, the oblique angle of the b7/b5 bands ratio was lower (i.e. better) than the other different ratio combinations. Finally, the values of accuracy assessment for the reflection of lithological units in the observation and estimation range of supervised classification map of the ratio bands of the b7/b5 in the geological units Ks, gd, Kt-1, and Qal were 0.993, 0.980, 0.948, and 0.985, respectively, indicates that the b7/b5 band ratio separate four different geological units of the study area more precisely, and easily than the other classification methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Investigating the role of new media capabilities (platform: Instagram) on e-commerce (intention to buy women's clothing) according to the role of brand attitude"
homa Doroudi Jafar RamakInvestigating the role of new media capabilities (platform: Instagram) on e-commerce (intention to buy women's clothing) according to the role of brand attitude Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of new media capabilities (platform: Ins MoreInvestigating the role of new media capabilities (platform: Instagram) on e-commerce (intention to buy women's clothing) according to the role of brand attitude Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of new media capabilities (platform: Instagram) on brand attitude and purchase intention (Case study: women's clothing). This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method, Is a survey method with a causal approach. The statistical population of the present study is the customers of Zanjan city masons who use social media to buy clothes. And is a statistical sample of 384 people who have been selected using Cochran's formula and in a simple random method. The primary data collection tool is the standard questionnaire of Wang et al. (2019), and its form validity and factor analysis method with KMO index (0.879) as well as their reliability were confirmed by reporting the total Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.905). Took. In data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. In descriptive analysis, SPSS software version 21 was used, and in inferential analysis and testing of research hypotheses, structural equations and LISREL 8.8 software were used. The results show that information experience, entertainment experience, relationship-based experience have a significant effect on the commitment of social media brand communities. Also, social media brand community commitment has a significant effect on brand attitude. Also, the commitment of social media brand communities has a significant effect on the purchase intention, and finally, the brand attitude has a significant effect on the purchase intention Keywords: experience of brand communities, commitment of brand communities, social media networks, brand attitude, intention to buy on social media Investigating the role of new media capabilities (platform: Instagram) on e-commerce (intention to buy women's clothing) according to the role of brand attitude Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of new media capabilities (platform: Instagram) on brand attitude and purchase intention (Case study: women's clothing). This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method, Is a survey method with a causal approach. The statistical population of the present study is the customers of Zanjan city masons who use social media to buy clothes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Increasing the accuracy of identifying overlapping communities using weighted edges
Iraj Teymouri Mehdi AfzaliIn recent years, several algorithms have been proposed for detection in complex networks. It should be noted that wuth regarding the features of these communities, one of the existing methods for identifying communities, is providing an algorithms for weighting the edge MoreIn recent years, several algorithms have been proposed for detection in complex networks. It should be noted that wuth regarding the features of these communities, one of the existing methods for identifying communities, is providing an algorithms for weighting the edges of the network as the weight of the edges of the communities are incresed and at the same time the weight of the edges between communities are reduced. Therefore the distinction between communities could be identified simply. In the proposed method with useing the process of weighting the edges, we distinguish between the nodes that are more similar to each other and the nodes that have slight similarity. i.e. by assigning the weight with using the proposed criteria in some algorithms, the edges with more weight will have a greater role in determining the population.According that there is a positive correlation between similarity measures and community structures, the results of the tests shows that using local similarity measures as the weight of edges for some algorithms, causes an increase in the accuracy of communities recognition. These algorithms use the degree of the nodes as one of the network characteristics for computing the cores absorbing ability for communities formation. For example, in the case of Real Networks, running WHD-EM algorithm on the High school network, discovers the communities with the NMI=0.6652 and the purity criteria equal to 0.9845. Also it should be noted that some algorithms such as CPM, OSLOM and LINK in terms of NMI criteria, are better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - The Effects of Common and Encapsulated Thyme Essential Oil with Fats on Blood and Immunity Parameters of Broilers with Diets Formulated with Normal and Low Crude Protein Levels
Mohsen Eyvaz zadeh Ali Nobakht Alireza Safamehr Yousef Mehmannavaz Ali ZanebureIntroduction & Objective: In the present experiment, the effects of normal and encapsulated thyme essential oil along with saturated and unsaturated fats on blood parameters and safety of broilers with normal and low protein diets were evaluated.Materials and Method MoreIntroduction & Objective: In the present experiment, the effects of normal and encapsulated thyme essential oil along with saturated and unsaturated fats on blood parameters and safety of broilers with normal and low protein diets were evaluated.Materials and Methods: In this study, 384 Ross 308 broilers in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial engagements with 8 treatments including (zero and normal and encapsulated thyme essential oil), (beef tallow and rapeseed oil) and common crude protein and 5% less than the recommended strain in 4 replications and 12 chicks per replication in 42 days and in the three experimental periods included starter (1 to 10 days), growing (11 to 24 days) and finisher (25 to 42 days) for investigation. Blood parameters and immunity of broiler chickens were tested by ELISA method and by spectrophotometer and using commercial biochemistry kits, in a completely randomized design.Results: In relation to the effects of experimental treatments on the biochemical parameters of the blood of chickens, the use of cow tallow, normal thyme essential oil and normal protein level, and rapeseed oil along with thyme essential oil and low protein diets, reduced the LDL level of chickens (P<0.05). The use of encapsulated essential oil of thyme and tallow increased the percentage of blood lymphocytes (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this research show that in Ras 308 broiler chickens, the use of unsaturated fat, along with encapsulated thyme essential oil and the level of crude protein recommended for the strain, improves blood parameters in blood LDL level and the immunity of chickens on the percentage of lymphocytes. It seems that the combination of these substances has synergistic effects and can strengthen each other's biological effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Effect of dietary supplemented biotronic top3 on growth indices, mucus and blood serum immunity and the expression of growth-related genes (GH, Ghrelin, IGF-1) in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)
Abdulsalam Hatami Hamed Paknejad Mohammad SudagarThe aim of this study was investigation of effects of biotronic top3 on some growth indices, mucus and serum immunity and expression of genes involved in growth of Persian sturgeon .240 fish (with an average weight of 104±1 g) were fed for 8 weeks under three exp MoreThe aim of this study was investigation of effects of biotronic top3 on some growth indices, mucus and serum immunity and expression of genes involved in growth of Persian sturgeon .240 fish (with an average weight of 104±1 g) were fed for 8 weeks under three experimental diets with different levels of biotronic top3, including: 2, 4 and 8 g / kg diet and a control group. At the end of the period, sampling was done randomly to evaluate the growth indices, mucosal and serum immunity as well as the expression of genes involved in growth.The results showed that the best growth performance and the highest expression of genes involved in growth (GH, IGF-1 and Ghrelin) were presented in the control group (P <0.05). The highest amount of alkaline phosphatase, total mucus protein and total serum protein and the lowest amount of serum alanine transaminase were presented in the treatment fed with diet containing 8 g biotronic top3 / kg of diet, which was significantly different from the control group (P <0.05). Diets containing biotronic top3 significantly increased and decreased serum lysozyme mucus and aspartate transaminase activity, respectively, which was significantly different from the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in serum glucose and alkaline phosphatase levels in all treatments with the control group (P <0.05).Diet containing 8 g of biotronic top3 / kg diet, despite not having an effect on growth indices, improved the mucus and serum immunity parameters in Persian sturgeon . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - The effects of adding essential oils (Thymus vulgaris L. and Mentha pulegium L.) and microbial phytase on intestinal microflora and immune level (humoral immunity (HI) and blood cells) in broilers
eslam Ghalandari alireza safamehr ali nobakht Yousef Mehmannavaz saman mahdaviBackground & Aims: Although medicinal plants have been used in different ways in feeding poultry, including broiler chickens, the simultaneous use of essential oils and enzymes, especially microbial phytase enzyme, has been used less. Thyme and Mentha are plants tha MoreBackground & Aims: Although medicinal plants have been used in different ways in feeding poultry, including broiler chickens, the simultaneous use of essential oils and enzymes, especially microbial phytase enzyme, has been used less. Thyme and Mentha are plants that affect the immune system. The positive effects of phytase have been documented in poultry. The purpose of this research is to investigate the mutual effects of essential oils and phytase enzyme on intestinal microflora and immunity level of broiler chickens.Materials and Methods: This experiment examines intestinal microflora and immune level (humoral immunity (HI test) and blood cells) using three levels of thyme essential oil, Mentha essential oil and microbial phytase with 8 treatments and 4 repetitions and a total of 32 test units for 42 days. It was done on broilers. Culture methods (MRS-Agar and EMB) and ELISA method and commercial biochemistry kits were used to check intestinal microflora and immune level, respectively.Results: Examining the main effects showed that the treatments that consumed thyme essential oil had lower coliform population and total aerobic bacteria (TAB) compared to other treatments (p<0.05). The level of humoral immunity showed a significant difference among different experimental groups (p<0.05). The treatments that did not receive essential oils of thyme and Mentha had the lowest ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the use of microbial phytase enzyme and thyme essential oil reduces the population of intestinal coliform bacteria and the use of thyme essential oil improves humoral immunity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - A Survey of Possible Integration of Romantic Mysticism and Pantheistic Mysticism
Abbass Gohari Aminreza NooshinRomantic (loving) mysticism changes the relationship between God and human being from the relationship between king and peasant and even the relationship between worshiper and deity to lover and beloved or beloved and lover, therefore, this is the best exhib MoreRomantic (loving) mysticism changes the relationship between God and human being from the relationship between king and peasant and even the relationship between worshiper and deity to lover and beloved or beloved and lover, therefore, this is the best exhibition of human being-God relationship. According to this mystical approach, human is the lover and the beloved of God that suddenly as the same time that the human is the beloved becomes lover with the help of divine love during a tremendous experience and in a special moment. Pantheistic mysticism is a type that is related to the experience of unity and it claims that during this experience the mystic pays attention to nothing except God and pays attention only to God. In this mystical school, the dualism between creator and creature has been mentioned; So Romantic (loving) mysticism can be added to this school. Pantheistic mysticism is also a mysticism that claims the mystic during the mystical experience achieves a knowledge about unity between creator and creature and the mystic understands that although, dualism has been happened between God and other creatures but this dualism is not a basic matter, So in this essay the romantic aptitude of pantheistic mysticism has been approved and then with the use of two reasons, that one of them is based on reality and the other one is based on reason, this claim that says “The unity between pantheistic mysticism and romantic (loving) mysticism does not exist” is rejected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Sanaees view about" the unity Of Existence
Felor valipour Chahardah cherik Reza ElahimaneshIn investigating viewpoint of Sanaee about "Unity of Existence", locality of God, World and Human in perspective of Sanaee are considered. God is unique Essence that is not dualism- bearer. By view point of Sanaee. He is outstanding, summary of all Existence – worlds an MoreIn investigating viewpoint of Sanaee about "Unity of Existence", locality of God, World and Human in perspective of Sanaee are considered. God is unique Essence that is not dualism- bearer. By view point of Sanaee. He is outstanding, summary of all Existence – worlds and containing ascending and descending arch that target of his creation is the insight of God. He entered from transcendental world (non- existence) to arena of world to reach to insight desert and unity with Right and survival by God. World of Existence also is manifestation Divine glory and shadow of Right (God). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Asiri Lahiji’s Outlook on the Unity Of Existence
Ali Akbar Afrasiyabpour Jalil MohammadiShams-Aldin Mohammad Asiri Lahiji, in whose poetry and verses, he tried to depict Gnostic notions in theoretical and practical terms is one of the Teymurian’s Shi’ite Gnostics (840- 912A.H.). The most fundamental premises, in his discussion, are the presentation of the MoreShams-Aldin Mohammad Asiri Lahiji, in whose poetry and verses, he tried to depict Gnostic notions in theoretical and practical terms is one of the Teymurian’s Shi’ite Gnostics (840- 912A.H.). The most fundamental premises, in his discussion, are the presentation of the “Unity of Existence” theory. Being impressed by Ibn Arabi and Sheikh Mahmood Shabestary, he proposes his ideas aesthetically. The “Unity of Existence” theory is considered as a kind of interpretation of Monotheism whose roots are in Islamic Gnosticism in the 2nd century that is analyzed by Ibn Arabi methodologically with a kind of philosophical interpretation. Asiri Lahiji is also considered as one of the proponents of the“Unity of Existence” theory while contemplating and implying Hafez and Molavi Gnostic concepts as well as Earlier Gnostics. He elaborates on the “Unity of Existence” proceeding to the “Perfect Universal Man.” The unique “God” is the genuine and gracious Absolute Unity, the sole eternal “light”, from whose essence all the other creatures are mere reflections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - The effect Of instruction on the dynamic and continuity Of Islamic theosophy in Iran
Mohammad Reza Karamipour Naqi kamaliTheosophy in a general sense and in a special one was taught through informal method by the elder to the young; it influenced on the people's minds and hearts. After the appearance of Islam, the great theosophers like Nasirradin Tousi, Avicena, sheikhe eshragh, molla sa MoreTheosophy in a general sense and in a special one was taught through informal method by the elder to the young; it influenced on the people's minds and hearts. After the appearance of Islam, the great theosophers like Nasirradin Tousi, Avicena, sheikhe eshragh, molla sadra were trained theoretically and practically and formal education was developed in Iran. Educational theories such as behaviorism, cognitivism, humanism and socialism have always been the guides to action for theosophers as instructors. Researchers by studying educational approaches and their applications have encouraged people to obtain knowledge and turn it into action to make peace in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - 'Ayn ul-Quzzāt Hamidānīs view on Unity Of Being
Morteza ShajariUnity of Being as a doctrine that says no other entity unless God can be described by Being, has been scattered all over the writings on Ayn ul-Quzzat. In Commenting this Quranic verse: "How! Are they still in doubt about the meeting with their Lord? Lo! Is not He surro MoreUnity of Being as a doctrine that says no other entity unless God can be described by Being, has been scattered all over the writings on Ayn ul-Quzzat. In Commenting this Quranic verse: "How! Are they still in doubt about the meeting with their Lord? Lo! Is not He surrounding all things?" (Quran; 41:54) he describe those who are in doubt about the meeting with the Lord, as blind. The blind men are who can not see God's sovereign encompassment over all existents including His Being, because in doing so, can undoubtedly observe that they, themselves, are among the numerous Divine manifestations. For him, God by His sovereign encompassment over the manifestations can be regarded both as centre and periphery. Therefore, God possesses Being truly not like the creatures that are of it metaphorically. They, i. e. creatures, are the various modes of the Unitary Being that from time to time, Hamadani calls them as temporal advents. God is eternal, to say, He is beyond the time, so that one can say as in the beginningless eternity God existed with no other thing accompanied Him, He exists in the present time and will exist in the endless eternity, too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Pantheism and its signs in mantegh al-teyr
Masoud PakdelAccording to pantheism theory in Islamic theosophy , what ever eyes see and thought records, is superficial and imaginary growth, and beyond that there is an unlimited and real existence. This growth is effect of that unique and unlimited existence. Attar uses compou MoreAccording to pantheism theory in Islamic theosophy , what ever eyes see and thought records, is superficial and imaginary growth, and beyond that there is an unlimited and real existence. This growth is effect of that unique and unlimited existence. Attar uses compound pun to explain imaginary growth and unique and real existence. Thirty birds and roc (simorgh). Roc which is byond the superficial senses really exists and it is only one , whereas thirty birds which ane on face of super ficial senses donot really exist, but in fact they are signs and realization of that single fact. The Roc is the mystery of God and thirty birds are mystery of humans. Roc is beyond the senses of other birds. in fact those thritl birds found out that Roc in themselves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Mystical Attitude Of IbnFarez
Mahmood Abdanan Mehdizaeh Abdolali DaylamiOne of the major differences between human being and other creatures including angels is that his mentality and emotions are always evolving and growing in a sense that the essential aspect of character will penetrate into his religious beliefs. Accordingly, his way of MoreOne of the major differences between human being and other creatures including angels is that his mentality and emotions are always evolving and growing in a sense that the essential aspect of character will penetrate into his religious beliefs. Accordingly, his way of praying whose philosophy is summarized in the verse of the Koran as “We created Jinni and other spirits to be praying” has also undergone a revolution in the form and content. In addition to keeping its essence which is worshiping God it is spiraled and engaged so much that through this kind of creature obliged to pray in different forms of life other creatures should find out and make a research on various aspects of different means of praying and spiritual journeys. Now we would like to recognize the means of spiritual journey and internal ways of praying by the Egyptian IbnFarez. He lived in an era that the praying of some devotees had exceeded the normal situation and turned into abstinence and wayward to God during the first century, then to spiritual journey at the outset of the second century, after which by the late third century toward a phenomenon of fatality and revelation and unity, and eventually to the monism or intuition and hidden concepts of that in the seventh century. Therefore, it is endeavored to study and analyze the mystical view of his. After the introduction on training Sufis and the available expressions used in that era, there will be some explanation on his mystical concepts and then the nature of his love and the procedures. In the end, the comments of some researchers on the nature of unity and his views on revelation and monism will be dealt with. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - An overview Of Ibn Arabi`s Influence on Sufism in the Malay World
Mahmoodreza Esfandiar Faezeh RahmanNo doubt Ibn-i Arabi is considered, one of the most prominent figures in history of Islamic thought and mysticism. Perhaps less character in the history of Islamic culture can be traced back to the circle of supporters and opponents widespread. His thought was spread to MoreNo doubt Ibn-i Arabi is considered, one of the most prominent figures in history of Islamic thought and mysticism. Perhaps less character in the history of Islamic culture can be traced back to the circle of supporters and opponents widespread. His thought was spread to anywhere in the Muslim world was controversial, both disciples and followers were loyal and tough opponents and critics found. In other parts of the Islamic world, such as Malay world also has been more or less in these circumstances. The people of this area of far from Islam homeland have been followed mystical Islam. Basically Sufis and Sufi orders had played a major role in the Islamization of the region.Some of these orders (such Qaderieh) very impressed by the school of Ibn-i Arabi, especially his theory of "unity of being". In the Malay world Sufism The unity of being also was very effective and found a lot of pros and cons. Hamzah Fnsuri, Shams Alddin Sumatrani, Abdulsamad Palimbani, Abdul Rauf Singkili and Raniri that were The influential personalities and sufis in the mysticism of Malay world, are considered proponents and critics of Ibn Arabi`s school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Study Of Semiotics in Mystical Loving Discourse in Rumis and Sa'dis Sonnets: Based on Matrix and Hypogram by Michael Riffaterre
Farhad TahmasbiThis paper is based on the semiotic pattern of Michael Riffaterre in reading the poems of Molavi and Sadi, his theory of descriptive poems (the matrix and hypogram) is explained in this paper for the first time. The discourse of love is then analyzed on the basis of thi MoreThis paper is based on the semiotic pattern of Michael Riffaterre in reading the poems of Molavi and Sadi, his theory of descriptive poems (the matrix and hypogram) is explained in this paper for the first time. The discourse of love is then analyzed on the basis of this pattern, including the following three: love, beloved and the lover, and their matrixes and hypograms are later elaborated. It aims at applying this pattern in ancient Persian poetry. It was indicated that the discourse of love is based on love and unity in Molavi’s sonnets whereas it is based on love and Carpe diem in Sadi’s sonnets. It confirms the traditional hypothesis that Molavi is a mystic and Sadi is a lover, through citations and methodologies. The course of descriptive poems related to the discourse of love leads from the love, beloved and lover to unity dynamically in Molavi’s sonnets, whereas this course leads from the unity of love and life to Carpe diem and the existential realism in Sadi’s sonnets Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Mysticism, Epic, and Dualities
Nasrin Mahdikhani Saeed Akbari PabandiAlthough there are radical differences between mysticism and epic in many sections, there are a lot of identical features found for both that through profound look at epic poetries one can find out that the mystical backgrounds are deeply rooted in the beliefs and ancie MoreAlthough there are radical differences between mysticism and epic in many sections, there are a lot of identical features found for both that through profound look at epic poetries one can find out that the mystical backgrounds are deeply rooted in the beliefs and ancient customs and the footprint of mysticism are evident in epic works. From this perspective the overall heroic works and writings have the potential to be studied just like Shahnameh, Garshasbnameh, Bahmannameh, Kooshnameh, Shahriyarnameh, Banoogashsbnameh, etc. In spite of the fact that dualities have on the surface strengthened the foundation of mysticism and epic, in deep down they have made essential interrelations. Good or bad, celebrating and mourning, being and striving, qualification and disqualification, darkness and lightness, Ahurah and Ahriman, angel and demon, and the like each one is a mixture of the other one, and by pursuing them one ends up with the other one. It is obvious that without making such a master key of thinking applicable, any entry into the mystical and epic minds in Iran is like beating a dead horse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Detachment in Eckharts and Rumis Viewpoints
Ghorban Elmi Fatemeh BababeyglooThe purpose of this paper is an analysis of "Detachment" from the perspective of Eckhart and Rumi, the great Sufi, Christian and Muslim, which uses library resources to study the concept and characteristics of "Detachment". One of the pivotal teachings of Gnostic philos MoreThe purpose of this paper is an analysis of "Detachment" from the perspective of Eckhart and Rumi, the great Sufi, Christian and Muslim, which uses library resources to study the concept and characteristics of "Detachment". One of the pivotal teachings of Gnostic philosophy among all mystics and mystical schools is "Detachment". Its dignity is so that Eckhart and the Rumi intends to invite everyone to gain it. From the perspective of Eckhart and Rumi, "Detachment" is the lack of belonging, freedom and leave; in this state, the mystic leaves the whole of his person and everything and achieves into the union with God is. From Eckhart’s view, without knowing, without possession and without desiring, one achieves "Detachment". In the same way, Rumi says that leaving of knowledge, belonging and will is necessary to achieves "Detachment". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Unity of existence in Mulla Sadra's idea
Afifeh HamediOne of the basic Sadrian mystics and philosophers opinions is the unity of existence .The most important issue in Islamic philosophy that has been discussed after discussion on principality of existence, and caused to form various sects of philosophical and mystical. Mu MoreOne of the basic Sadrian mystics and philosophers opinions is the unity of existence .The most important issue in Islamic philosophy that has been discussed after discussion on principality of existence, and caused to form various sects of philosophical and mystical. Mulla Sadra, the great philosopher of 16th century, also is one of the herald unities of existence. And after Jami is the only one that has become famous in this theory and according to many thinkers, he had been influenced by Ibn arabi. In his great book,( Al-asfar-al Arbae), he regarded existence according to proof, like phahlavi philosophers gradational,(tashkiki) i.e oneness reality that has different degrees .He in the same book(second part of first trip) manifested his final opinion in unity of existence on the basis of talent and mysticism, and has approved the individual unity of existence. So, he has named existence of possibilities ,dependent being. that whole are the reflex of one reality and the thought of independence and multiplicity of them is not real. In the end he has causation to dignity .In this research author has tried to obtain final theory of Mulla Sadra and to show oneness of unity of existence by hikmat-al motaliyah and mystical unity of existence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - A Comparative Analysis of Unity of Existence (Pantheism) from Meister Eckhart and Ibn Arabi Viewpoint
Kambiz SafiieBelieving in Unity of Existence (Pantheism) involves necessarily believing in existentialism. Essentialists argue that things essence and substance are fixed and invariable; and things vary in terms of their essences and truths. Existence or being is subjective and is b MoreBelieving in Unity of Existence (Pantheism) involves necessarily believing in existentialism. Essentialists argue that things essence and substance are fixed and invariable; and things vary in terms of their essences and truths. Existence or being is subjective and is being realized through creation of a substance in outside world or mind. Being could not be true, without realized essences. Also, philosophers argue that essences and truths of things are separate and their unity is subjective. And what are realized are different things and plural essences. The paper analyzes Ibn Arabi and Meister Eckhart’s views on unity of existence. Both of these mystics and thinkers belong to Abrahamic religions, but one of them is a Muslim and the other is a Christian and proponent of roman church. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - A New Look at the Relativity of Personal Unity and Dubious Unity of Existence
رحمتالله معظمی گودرزی علی شیخ الاسلامیThis paper seeks to present a novel perspective about the relativity between Personal Unity of Existence in mysticism and Dubious Unity of Existence in philosophy. To this end, relying on literature, principles and relevant different approaches, these two unity-oriented MoreThis paper seeks to present a novel perspective about the relativity between Personal Unity of Existence in mysticism and Dubious Unity of Existence in philosophy. To this end, relying on literature, principles and relevant different approaches, these two unity-oriented perspectives are considered not across one another but within two various insightful overlapping fields. Accordingly, these two subject matters are traces in the book written by the oriental well-known philosopher Mr. Sadrolmoteahhelin, and by presenting the beginning and the final works of him the writer underscores the equal acceptance of the above mentioned cosmological approach in his works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Ethics in the KhajooKermani’s Poems
Mahdieh Cheraghi Ahmad ZakeriKhajooKermani was a scholar whose poetry dealt with ethical issues. He was influenced by his master, Sheikh Kazerooni, and adopted the school of Morshediyeh-the school in which the followers believed in ethical values. He followed the school of ethics such as other cont MoreKhajooKermani was a scholar whose poetry dealt with ethical issues. He was influenced by his master, Sheikh Kazerooni, and adopted the school of Morshediyeh-the school in which the followers believed in ethical values. He followed the school of ethics such as other contemporary scholars including Attar, Molavi, and Ibn-Al-Arabi. They believed love is superior to logic and wisdom. He developed his conception of ethics to arrive at the knowledge of absolute fact-God. The purpose of this study was to review the Khajoo’s poems to discover the ethical concepts he reflected in his poetry. His poems showed that he passed the seven theological steps towards God and reached God’s knowledge which helped him merged with the absolute familiarity with God. This was made through efforts and exercises that any religious person should pass to make God satisfy. Hypocrisy and showing off could be the main obstacles of arriving at this position. He then followed the style of ethical meditation in which he merged in God. He believed that the universe was created based on the God’s love and the Holy Spirit. Thus we should try to follow ethical values in the world and with training and meditation leave the earthly world through seven stages of spiritual journey and settle in the spiritual world. This is the ultimate goal of human beings created by God. Therefore the follower may choose his own death and leave his earthly life to meet God’s throne and refer to the first place in which he dwelled before coming to this Earth. Human beings are carrying the God’s spirit and this can help them to return to their origin. They should cleanse their sprits through meditation and then go to the unity in which they become one again in front of God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Investigating the Thoughts of Borhanoddin Mohaghegh Termezi
Davood Vaseghi Mehdi Maleksabet Mohammadkazem KahdooiiBorhanoddin Mohaeghegh Termezi is one of the salient features in Islamic mystics and who comprehended the presence of Baha valade balkhi in his youth. He reached the higher degrees of mystics under his support. After the death of Bahaodin, Seyyed took the responsibility MoreBorhanoddin Mohaeghegh Termezi is one of the salient features in Islamic mystics and who comprehended the presence of Baha valade balkhi in his youth. He reached the higher degrees of mystics under his support. After the death of Bahaodin, Seyyed took the responsibility of guiding Molana Jalaledin and he guided him to mystic path and the destruction level in a way that he could tolerate the companionship of the king of lovers- Shams Tabrizi. Deep thinking in his education book reveals that he has great thoughts in mystic path and these thoughts made a huge improvement in the thoughts of great men like Molavi and Soltan valad. He is one of the mystics who understand the unity of existence and the regards multiplicity as invalid. Borhanoddin also knows sanctity as heart recognition with which everything can be a sign of God. Beside this, Seyyed Serdan explains about mortification, invocation of God and observing forty days seclusion which is an obvious reason for his maturity in mystics. In this study, after having a short look at the Borhanoddin’s life path, his most important mystic thoughts will be analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - A New Way of Proving the Content of Personal Unity of Existence
Vahid Vahed Javan Ali Ghasemi Sajad NikkhooMystics have attempted to prove the theory of "unity of existence" (waḥdat al-wujūd), which is the basis of mysticism, and they have presented various reasons. This paper seeks to elaborate on the meaning and content of the unity of existence in mysticism in order to r MoreMystics have attempted to prove the theory of "unity of existence" (waḥdat al-wujūd), which is the basis of mysticism, and they have presented various reasons. This paper seeks to elaborate on the meaning and content of the unity of existence in mysticism in order to represent a new method in proving the theory of the unity of existence according to the mystics' evidence. This research includes five steps to demonstrate all the content of the personal unity of existence: 1.Absolute existence is absolutely a part of the external realization 2.Existence is necessary by itself 3.Existence is necessary by itself, unit, not pluralistic and doubtful 4.The existence of creatures is not real 5.Creatures are the multiplicities, attributes, things, emersion, and indications of the real existence. In addition, for each one, an argument has been stated and after summarizing, all the content of the unity of existence has been proved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Exploring the Illuminated Wisdom in Yusuf Chapter in Respect to the World of Imagination as Viewed by Ibn Arabi
Somayeh Saffari Ahmadabad Ismail BaniArdalan Iraj Dadashi Mohammad Reza SharifzadehIn Ibn Arabi’s mind, light, as one of the many names of the God, contributes to the manifestation of the objects and creatures in the domain of the various presence statuses of the world through emitting and beaming its radiations into the levels of existence. And MoreIn Ibn Arabi’s mind, light, as one of the many names of the God, contributes to the manifestation of the objects and creatures in the domain of the various presence statuses of the world through emitting and beaming its radiations into the levels of existence. And, in line with this, every creature experiences a quality of existence according to the principle of the God’s existential manifestation in names and attributes based on its existential rank in the position of a shadow of this light in respect to the owner of the shadow and it can be perceived by means of the illuminated wisdom and gaining knowledge over the forms of the imagination.The final result was that the same way that the human imagination needs interpretation as isthmus between the worlds of soul and body, the disconnected imagination is also in need of interpretation in its isthmus rank between the divine and corporeal worlds as the place wherein the ethereal spirits and the soft bodies of the world of matter gather around; in parallel, the domain of the existence in the rank of absolute imagination and multiplicity of the shadows of the God need interpretation towards the unity of the essence. The knowledge over this method of approach towards the existence can be only acquired through illuminated wisdom that, as believed by Ibn Arabi, its perfect form has been entrusted in His Highness the Great Apostle of Islam (may Allah bestow him and his scared progeny the best of His regards) in His Highness’s rank of Yusuf. The present study’s method in this study is descriptive-analytical. The data collection instrument includes library research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Ibn Arabi's Unity Regime Effects on the Bubbling and Sonnets by Bidel Dehlavi with an Emphasis on Love
Abbas Bakhshande bali Aliakbar ShoubkalaeiOne of the issues raised up constantly through Mohiyeddin Ibn Arabi is the idea of unity of existence. Like other ideas, this thought has had a dramatic effect on some Indian thinkers, such as Bidel Dehlavi. One of the issues of the unity of existence is love in the Bei MoreOne of the issues raised up constantly through Mohiyeddin Ibn Arabi is the idea of unity of existence. Like other ideas, this thought has had a dramatic effect on some Indian thinkers, such as Bidel Dehlavi. One of the issues of the unity of existence is love in the Being that Ibn Arabi and, consequently, Bidl had in their works at its angles. This article is based on a descriptive-analytical method and citing library resources to explore the impact of Ibn Arabi on Biddle on the issue of love in the universe. The findings of the research are that Biddle has been dealing with the Islamic mystic system of Ibn Arabi by introducing discussions such as the series of love in the system of unity of existence, grief and love, virtual love, and martyr Love in the course of the Unity School of Being. The presence of love in the mysticism is exhilarating and exhilarating. From the perspective of Ibn Arabi and Bidel, love exists in all the mystical interpretation of existence based on mystery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Study of Spirituality and Faith on Strengthening Public Culture from the Standpoints of the Quran, Hadith, and Mysticism
Hossein Rahmani tirkalaii Mohammad Sadegh Jamshidi Rad Farhad Mohammadnejad Mahnaz RefieiIslamic-Iranian culture, despite its richness, has been damaged by the destruction of cultural boundaries and the invasion of the dominant Western culture. Promoting the general culture of the masses is the need of human societies today. The prevalence of harm and the l MoreIslamic-Iranian culture, despite its richness, has been damaged by the destruction of cultural boundaries and the invasion of the dominant Western culture. Promoting the general culture of the masses is the need of human societies today. The prevalence of harm and the lack of moral virtues are degrading societies. In Islamic Iran, the need to promote public culture in order to achieve a new Islamic civilization, invites us to know the principles and infrastructure of the original Islamic culture. Religion of Islam, Shiite religion and Islamic mysticism have given us the most complete divine commands and standards to build the best lifestyle with spirituality and have provided us with the teachings of the Holy Quran and revelatory teachings. But the prerequisite for it is faith and spirituality. Belief in God, acknowledgment of monotheism and resurrection, unseen and revelation, The mission of the Holy Prophet and the Imamate of the Imams, It is the basic duty of believers in a religious community. Since faith is the only cause of internal changes in society, by searching in valid religious and mystical texts, we extract and categorize topics, and we conclude that the more people's faith increases, the possibility of epistemological and social faith and achieving the most complete public culture. increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Unity of Existence in Jaami’s and Ibn Al- Arabi’s Thoughts
naser Gharehkhani Najmeh MahyaeiAbd-ul-Rahman Jaami is one of the poets who have been familiar with the works and thoughts of Ibn Arabi and has been influenced by him. One of the poems from Jaami’s ‘Haft Orang’ is the Tuhfat al-Abrar, which is based on the thoughts of Ibn Al-Arabi pa MoreAbd-ul-Rahman Jaami is one of the poets who have been familiar with the works and thoughts of Ibn Arabi and has been influenced by him. One of the poems from Jaami’s ‘Haft Orang’ is the Tuhfat al-Abrar, which is based on the thoughts of Ibn Al-Arabi particularly his ‘Unity of Existence’. Jaami is one of the first poets to provide explanations on the thoughts of Ibn Al- Arabi regarding unity of Existence and has been highly influenced by his thoughts. One of these effects is the oxymoron, i.e., unity and multiplicity, assimilation and dissimilation, the outer and the inner, etc. related to unity of Existence. In the present study, an attempt has been made to show Jaami’s perspective on unity of Existence and its exemplification (tashbih or attributing human characteristics to God) and tanzih (not assigning human features to God or differentiation between God and human), the world and human being, the inner and the outer (appearance, etc.) in the extended poem of Tuhfat al-Abrar. Although Jaami has acted paradoxically in this regard, he seeks to find a unified conclusion in his mind. The results of the present study showed that, he has been under the influence of Ibn Al- Arabi in reaching this conclusion and these two mystics (i.e., Ibn Al- Arabi and Jaami) express their thoughts and ideas paradoxically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Comparison of Trinity in Creation from Ibn Arabi's and Christianity Point of View
alila attar Abdolreza MazaheriAmong mythologists, Ibn Arabi, in his ontology, expresses some sort of Trinity in the creation of God, from which it is possible to explain the phenomenon of the proliferation of unity. Ibn Arabi, in addition to teaching subjects such as the truth of Muhammadyya and lov MoreAmong mythologists, Ibn Arabi, in his ontology, expresses some sort of Trinity in the creation of God, from which it is possible to explain the phenomenon of the proliferation of unity. Ibn Arabi, in addition to teaching subjects such as the truth of Muhammadyya and love, uses logical propositions such as Soghra and Kobra and the middle one to explain creation. Therefore, besides the subject, he can pay attention to one and make half of the creation dependent on his willingness. Knows To illustrate this, it refers to various examples, such as science and the universe. But in the Christian Trinity of Jesus, the agent of human salvation and the spirit of Alcudus is the agent of salvation with nature (Father). However, the belief in the divinity of all three entities in Christianity cannot be combined with Abrahamic monotheism, as it is explicitly rejected in the holy text of the Qur'an and belief in the divinity of Jesus (PBUH) is considered to be disbelief. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - A study on Mystical Thoughts of Attar Neyshaburi
Jafar Havasi Seyyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Farzaneh Yousef GhanbariSheikh Farid Al-Din Attar Neishaburi (618-540 AH) is the creator of some mystical masnavis such as Mantiq Al-Tayr, Mosibat Nameh, Elahi Nameh and Asrar Nameh. These works contain his mystical thoughts in a mysterious language. This article focuses on the mystical though MoreSheikh Farid Al-Din Attar Neishaburi (618-540 AH) is the creator of some mystical masnavis such as Mantiq Al-Tayr, Mosibat Nameh, Elahi Nameh and Asrar Nameh. These works contain his mystical thoughts in a mysterious language. This article focuses on the mystical thoughts of Attar and aims at explaining the views and opinions of Attar Neishabouri on various mystical issues. The existence of contradictions and paradoxes, the famous mystical thought of "Die before death", the mystical story of Sheikh San'an, the discussion of repentance, the likeness of the divine essence, the unity of the existence of all the mystical mysteries which are mentioned in the works of Attar, especially in the mentioned works. Attempts have been made to present a comprehensive discussion in the descriptive and analytical way of these mystical thoughts and topics, providing examples and poetic evidences and explaining them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Mystical Themes in Divan Fāni Khoei
Katayoun moradiFāni Khoei (deceased 1846) is a mystical poet and a comprehensive sage who shows in his written works, especially in his poems, that mystical themes have been his constant preoccupation. For this reason, he gives importance to precise points in theoretical and practical MoreFāni Khoei (deceased 1846) is a mystical poet and a comprehensive sage who shows in his written works, especially in his poems, that mystical themes have been his constant preoccupation. For this reason, he gives importance to precise points in theoretical and practical mysticism and defends the theory of the unity of existence with different expressions more than any other concept. Then, following the Khorasani and Iraqi style, and following Sana'i, Attar, and Molavi, he performs art in the field of divine love. It also follows the Sufi path by fighting against the ego and pluralistic thought and he looks at Imam Ali (a.s.) from a mystical point of view and gives more importance to poverty as well as death and survival in mystical authorities. It clearly expresses its dependence on Shiite mysticism and draws the philosophy of human life in love for the eternal beloved. For this reason, this wise poet can be considered one of the great Shiite mystics in Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - The Effect of Ibn Arabi's Theory ( Unity of Being) on Da'ei Shirazi’s Settah
Seyyedeh Shahnaz Soleimani Omidvar Malmoli Seyyed Ali SohrabnezhadMuhyiddin Ibn Arabi (538-638 AH), a great Islamic mystic, has introduced certain ideas into Islamic mysticism in the sixth and seventh centuries AH. Some of these ideas, under the title of Unity of Being, have a special character after him in many mystical texts. Shāh D MoreMuhyiddin Ibn Arabi (538-638 AH), a great Islamic mystic, has introduced certain ideas into Islamic mysticism in the sixth and seventh centuries AH. Some of these ideas, under the title of Unity of Being, have a special character after him in many mystical texts. Shāh Da’ei Shirāzi (870-870 AH), a poet and mystic of the ninth century AH, is one of those who has received many influences from Ibn Arabi. In his commentary on Golshan-e-Rāz by Sheikh Mahmoud Shabestari, entitled Nasa’em Golshan, he has dealt with Ibn Arabi's thoughts. In addition, there are many aspects of Ibn Arabi's thought, especially the issue of the Unity of Being, in the margins of his Divan and Settah. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. The information and data have been collected using the library documents and books. The result obtained from this research clearly shows that Shah Da'ei borrowed his idea of the Unity of Being from Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi and simplified it by using his allegories and explanations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Best Co-approximation and Worst Approximation by Closed Unit Balls
Hamid Tehrani -
Open Access Article
326 - Best approximation by closed unit balls
H. R. Kamali H. Mazaheri H. R. Khadezadeh H. ArdakaniWe obtain a sucint and nesessery theoreoms simple for compactness andweakly compactness of the best approximate sets by closed unit balls. Also weconsider relations Kadec-Klee property and shur property with this objects.These theorems are extend of papers mohebi and N MoreWe obtain a sucint and nesessery theoreoms simple for compactness andweakly compactness of the best approximate sets by closed unit balls. Also weconsider relations Kadec-Klee property and shur property with this objects.These theorems are extend of papers mohebi and Narayana. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - The Most Efficient Unit in Data Envelopment Analysis Using Genetic Algorithm
M. Matin Nejati Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh R. Kargar R. Mehrjoo -
Open Access Article
328 - Evaluating the effects of participation and commitment of the local community and sustainable security on the realization of balanced and sustainable urban development (case study: Naqdeh city)
Zahra Mohammadi Reza Valizadeh Ali PanahiOne of the most important steps to achieve balanced and sustainable development is identifying and adapting the city's capacities with balanced and suitable development capacities to utilize maximum capacity service capacities. The unbalanced development of Naqadeh city MoreOne of the most important steps to achieve balanced and sustainable development is identifying and adapting the city's capacities with balanced and suitable development capacities to utilize maximum capacity service capacities. The unbalanced development of Naqadeh city is a dynamic and continuous process and today has become one of the problems of urban spaces during which urban areas and their physical spaces in vertical and horizontal directions have caused the city to expand outside the city limits. Therefore, determining the direction and manner of physical expansion of the city to meet the current needs and forecasting for future needs is essential for urban planners and managers. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of participation and commitment of local community and sustainable security on the research of balanced and sustainable development of Naqadeh in the form of a correlation survey research project. The statistical population of this study was about 127,671 male and female citizens of Naqadeh according to the statistics obtained from Naqadeh governorate. According to the statistical population, the sample was calculated by multi-stage cluster sampling using Cochrane formula with 95% confidence level. The number was 383 (253 males and 130 females). Balanced development, sustainable development, participation and commitment questionnaires of local community, sustainable security were used to collect data. To analyze the data, structural equations (SEM) method with the approach of partial least squares and smartpls3 software has been used. In line with the aim of the research, it was concluded that according to the path coefficient of 0.098 and also considering the amount of T for the first part of the hypothesis (participation and commitment of the local community to the research of balanced and sustainable development) which is equal to 2.523. Also, considering the path coefficient of 0.809 and also considering the amount of T for the second part of the hypothesis (sustainable security on the basis of balanced and sustainable development) which is equal to 25.881. Based on the findings of the research, it can be claimed that the participation and commitment of the local community and sustainable security play an essential role in the realization of balanced and sustainable development of Naqadeh.Extended AbstractIntroduction: due to the increasing urbanization and vulnerability of individuals to environmental-environmental conditions, it is more necessary to pay attention to the issues and principles that provide comfort, security and tranquility for the residents of the city so that planners at the macro level for years not too long ago plan in accordance with the population pyramid. In this regard, considering the demographic conditions and lack of sufficient studies to study the indicators of balanced and sustainable development in Naqadeh city, the present study aimed to evaluate the indicators of balanced and sustainable development in this city. Accordingly, in this research, indicators of participation, commitment of local community, sustainable security and balanced and stable development have been used and the main hypothesis of the research is that participation and commitment of local community and sustainable security have an impact on the realization of balanced and sustainable development of Naqadeh city. It has been studied, evaluated and evaluated.Methodology:This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical method. The population of male and female citizens of Naqadeh city, based on the data of the Statistical Center of Iran and the last general census of population and housing in 2016, is equal to 127,671 people, which is the statistical population of the study. Based on cochran formula calculation and with 5% error coefficient, 383 subjects (253 males and 130 females) were selected as the statistical sample. To analyze the data, structural equations (SEM) method with the approach of partial least squares and smartpls3 software has been used. The research tool in the survey section is a questionnaire. The first part includes demographic information and the second part is related to the variables and items of the research. The questionnaire includes 49 questions.Results and discussion:Based on the scores obtained from the sample and performing the T-test, a sample of the results of the analysis is mentioned in Table 3. As can be seen, the Sig value, which is equal to 0.000, is smaller than α=0.05, and the T statistic value is 21.248, which is greater than +1.96. The overall result will be explained in such a way that in terms of balanced and sustainable development according to the average of the society (4.611) is in the desired situation. Standardized factor loads and T-statistics between all items and hidden variables are more than 1.96 and the significance level is less than 0.05.The coefficient of determination shows that more than 75% of the changes are dependent on The variable of sustainable security and more than 90% of the changes depends on the balanced and sustainable development variable and explains it, and the rest of these changes are dependent on other factors and components that In the model and research is not considered according to table 9, it is concluded that since the calculated t statistics is 19.963 and more than 1.96, therefore, the participation and commitment of the local community and sustainable security are significant in the respect of balanced and sustainable development.Conclusion:The findings show that the research model was accepted considering the extracted mean variance indices, compound reliability, Cronbach's alpha. Also, considering the amount of T for the first part of the hypothesis (the participation and commitment of the local community to the endowment of balanced and sustainable development) which is equal to 2.523. Also, considering the path coefficient of 0.809 and also considering the amount of T for the second part of the hypothesis (sustainable security on the realization of balanced and sustainable development) which is equal to 25.881 and based on the research findings, it can be claimed that the participation and commitment of the local community and sustainable security have an essential role in the realization of balanced and sustainable development of Naqadeh city. This hypothesis is confirmed at 99% confidence level Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Policy-making of Promotion the Local Management Status in Informal Settlements
Nima Bayramzadeh Amin Shahsavar Morteza Baghban Novini The main purpose of this study is policy is policy-making of promotion the local management status in informal settlements with community-based approach. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data c More The main purpose of this study is policy is policy-making of promotion the local management status in informal settlements with community-based approach. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection and information is survey. Two library and field methods have been used in order to study and formulate theoretical foundations related to the research topic. The SWOT model has also been used to analyze the data. Whereas the mechanism of the council's internal relations must move from "secretary-centered" to "council-centered"; The council and the municipality should have an efficient and transparent model, maintaining the independence of the supervisory body (council and council) from the executive body (municipality) in the type of neighborhood administration, considering the existence of three sides; The district municipality, the neighborhood house and the council in each neighborhood. Therefore, it seems that the project, due to its goal of empowering neighborhoods, can be effective in empowering and creating a communication channel between government organizations and neighborhoods. The results show that in order to improve the current situation of local management, certain combined strategies should be used, which are: Low-top planning with a combination of collective votes, Existence of a valid database in line with the requirements for neighborhood management, Increasing the participation of neighborhood residents with awareness in the field of neighborhood management and housing, Legal and constructive interaction of the urban management complex with the citizens and residents of the neighborhood.Extended AbstractIntroduction: In recent decades, with dramatic changes in the spatial structure of urban neighborhoods, their political, social and economic role has diminished and deficiencies such as environmental pollution, unemployment, poverty, marginalization, housing, socio-psychological and cultural damage, especially the loss of material and spiritual capital. In today's local society, citizen participation in the management of urban affairs has decreased and the level of local community participation in the design of urban neighborhoods has decreased, which has made the urban management system inefficient and so, it requires structural reform and maximum use of partnership management. The main purpose of local community development is to help the local community to build capacity and participation of residents for development, to solve economic, social, environmental and cultural problems and on the other hand, the purpose of local community planning is to improve the effectiveness of public services to meet people's needs. Local communities and improving the quality of life for all. In this regard, a people's aid-council was established with the aim of facilitating local problem-solving mechanisms with a participatory approach. Aid-Councilors at the neighborhood level through direct communication with local residents and through non-governmental organizations should identify the needs, shortcomings and limitations of the neighborhood, and since aid-councilors do not have executive guarantees, problems should be solved by interacting with executive bodies. Informal settlements are one of the main challenges of urban management and knowing the patterns in these settlements will help to manage this type of housing. Empowerment of local communities is a new approach to solving the problem of urban poverty, which no longer considers building engineering and injection of mere financial resources as the solution, but social engineering with the support and facilitation of the public sector and local and non-governmental organizations and active participation. The main purpose of this study is to present a proposed strategy to launch neighborhood management in informal settlements with a community-based approach that has sub-objectives; Assigning local decision-making to the local community, increasing the participation of local people, improving the conditions for effective communication with interventionist organizations, and empowering the mentioned neighborhoods. Given the importance of the issue, it seems that the existence of local management and neighborhood housing in informal settlements is effective in improving the current situation of the neighborhood economically, socially, physically and creating a channel of communication with city managers.Materials and Methods: The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection and information is survey. In order to study and formulate theoretical foundations related to the research topic, both library and field methods have been used. To achieve the objectives of this research will be done in two parts: documentary and field studies. Documentary study technique is based on taking notes from books and written works and will be used to know the opinions of experts in the field of concepts and based on content for theoretical issues related to the field of research. The SWOT model was also used to analyze the data, which ultimately provided strategies to improve neighborhood management. This model, provided fully implemented, will be an appropriate basis for policy-making.Results and Discsussion: The aid-council has been established in order to carry out the actions of the councils and the neighborhood management in order to carry out the interactions and instructions of the municipality.Also, the goal of both projects is to empower the neighborhoods and follow the bottom-up planning. Differences in the degree of solidarity and belonging of citizens to the place of residence as well as the diversity of socio-cultural context in traditional and modern societies should be considered more in participatory planning. Given that aid-councils and local management as a model of participatory management of cities, to facilitate citizen participation at lower levels, especially neighborhoods, should be paid attention in the stages of establishment and how to determine its members to issues such as socio-cultural context and citizenship and the internal structure of the neighborhood in every city. After finding the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the current management of the neighborhood, an evaluation matrix of external and internal factors of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities has been formed in order to obtain their weighted points. The obtained combined strategies from offensive, change direction, diversity and defensive strategies are as follows:Availability of physical site for neighborhood management and equipped with a valid database;Optimal interaction between neighborhood management and neighborhood residents with a trust building approach;Ability to use ICT for standard monitoring and regular reporting;Decentralized neighborhood management system and organic service process.Conclusions: The need for citizen participation to improve the physical and socio-economic situation of urban neighborhoods is tangible and sensible. One of the strengths of settlements is the existence of social capital, regardless of its degree, so that the sustainable local management can be formed by valuing the connecting social capital and seeking participation. On the other hand, production in a city requires resources, interest and actors. In a situation of economic-financial deficit, even revenues with specific purposes (limited funds) as well as other revenues are increasingly important in the relevant budgets for efficiency and effectiveness in the management of informal settlements. It should be noted that the physical structure of the neighborhood reflects its strengths and weaknesses and issues. According to the research of this work, informal settlements generally have heterogeneity and conflict in their socio-cultural and physical contexts, and therefore, the issue of unsociability and lack of interaction among residents is rippling and this, makes the management of such residential areas doubly difficult, in other words, special bed and tools are needed for the dynamic presence of residents in the local community and to establish constructive interaction. Whereas the mechanism of the aid-council's internal relations must move from "secretary-centered" to "aid-councilor-centered"; and the council and the municipality should be in an efficient, transparent, clean model and maintaining the independence of the supervisory body (council and aid-council) from the executive body (municipality) in the type of neighborhood administration, considering the existence of three sides; District municipalities, neighborhood halls and aid-councils in each neighborhood, therefore, it seems that the plan, due to the purpose of empowering neighborhoods, can be effective in empowering and creating a communication channel between government agencies and neighborhoods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - The aspects eloquence saibs ghazels
mohammadvali mardaniThe whole universe is germinated by a primary being that is the origin of the unity of existence. This axiom is a principal belief in Sufism vision of life. This primary being is incarnated in a vast array of abstractions and revelations; thus; the Holistic vision of Su MoreThe whole universe is germinated by a primary being that is the origin of the unity of existence. This axiom is a principal belief in Sufism vision of life. This primary being is incarnated in a vast array of abstractions and revelations; thus; the Holistic vision of Sufis enables them to discover the primary being as origin of unity of existence through its various manifestations. The Sufis has embarked on a spiritual journey towards an epistemological knowledge of the unity of existence. Saib’s poetry is the story of such a pilgrimage. The present study aimed at investigating Saib’s vision of unity of existence. This data collection in this analytic-descriptive study is done through library research. The findings of the study showed that Saib, holding a vision akin to that of Holistic Sufis, believes in the unity of existence and tries to discover the primary being through pondering on its revelations and embodiments in the Universe. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - A Study of Unity-Based Manifestations in Rumi's Masnavi
sedighe hashemi mohammad reza ghari mohsen izadyarMystical literature is the most extensive field of literature in Iran that plays an important role in fostering ethics and culture. Mystical poetry is a poem written by the Lord of Meanings in expressing spiritual principles and truths, and mystical poets have transmitt MoreMystical literature is the most extensive field of literature in Iran that plays an important role in fostering ethics and culture. Mystical poetry is a poem written by the Lord of Meanings in expressing spiritual principles and truths, and mystical poets have transmitted these teachings in the language of symbolism and symbolism. The researcher first refers to the definition of symbol and then introduces Rumi and his place in mystical literature to his view on unity.What can be considered about Rumi's poetry and thought is the development of mystical and moral thoughts in the works of this precious poet.In this research, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical (library) way, by studying the spiritual Masnavi, several stories were examined in which the importance of unity and love for the god and return to the main position is beautifully displayed using various symbols. Has been.Keywords:Mystical poetry, symbol, symbol in Masnavi, unity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - COMMUNITY DETECTION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS USING FREQUENT PATTERN MINING
Seyed Ahmad Mosavi Mehrdad Jalali Negin Misaghianrecently, the website social networks provide a rich resource of Heterogeneous data which the analysis of these data can lead to discover unknown information and relations in these networks. The discovery of community including “similar” nodes is a challengi Morerecently, the website social networks provide a rich resource of Heterogeneous data which the analysis of these data can lead to discover unknown information and relations in these networks. The discovery of community including “similar” nodes is a challenging issue in analysis of social networks data, and it has widely studied in the social networking community in the context of the structure of the underlying graphs. The online social networks, additionally having graph structures, include effective information of users within networks, which using this information can lead to improve the quality of communities' discovery. In this paper, for detecting community, a method is provided that in addition to the communication among nodes, to improve the quality of the discovered communities, content information is used, as well. This method is a new approach based on a frequent pattern and the actions of users in the network and in particular, is performed on social networking sites where users select their favorite acts. First, based on Interests and activities of users in networks, we discover some small communities of similar users, and then by using social relations, extend (those) communities. The F-measure evaluated results on two real-world datasets (Blogcatalog and Flicker) demonstrate that the proposed method leads to improvethe quality of community detection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - ارائه روشی مبتنی بر رتبهبندی و الگوریتم انتشار گرما برای استخراج جامعه در شبکههای اجتماعی
Malihe Ebrahimi nejad Samaneh Hasan Zadeh Mehrdad Jalali -
Open Access Article
334 - The Effect of Financial Distress on the Investment Behavior of Companies Listed on Tehran Stock Exchange
Roya Ahmadi Hamidreza Kordloei -
Open Access Article
335 - Firm Value, Tax Evasion, Tax Planning Opportunity and Financial Crisis of Firms
Navid Paidarmanesh Alireza Mehrazin Mohammad Reza Abbas zadeh Abolghassem MassihabadeeThe purpose of this research is to investigate the reasons for tax evasion in companies, which uses two independent variables (financial constraints and tax planning opportunities) and tow dependent variable (firm value and tax evasion by tax difference method) in the f MoreThe purpose of this research is to investigate the reasons for tax evasion in companies, which uses two independent variables (financial constraints and tax planning opportunities) and tow dependent variable (firm value and tax evasion by tax difference method) in the form of 13 models. The 11 indicators have been considered for the variable of financial constraints of companies, and the model is implemented for all these indicators. The research was conducted in the 5-year period from 2015 to 2019 in the Tehran Stock Exchange, and Eviews software was used to analyse the data and fit them for 3 research hypotheses. The results of the research show that the opportunity for tax planning has a negative effect on the value of the company, and the increase in the opportunity for tax planning and subsequently tax evasion causes a decrease in the value of the company. Also, the research results showed that there is a significant relationship between tax planning opportunity and tax evasion (by tax differences method) of companies, while there is no positive relationship between financial constraints and tax evasion (by tax difference method) in companies that have tax planning opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - The Survey Relationship between Growth Opportunities, Corpo-rate Risk and Changes in Cash Holdings
Zahra Amirhosseini Mahtab Nameni -
Open Access Article
337 - Internal Control Quality Assessment based on the Characteristics of the Entity and Auditor and their Expected Goals in the Firm's Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange
Saeed Alipour Asgar Pakmaram Rasool Abdi Jamal Bahri sales -
Open Access Article
338 - Estimating an appropriate sample unit for sampling programs of alfalfa aphids in alfalfa fields
]. Sabouri A. Mohseni Amin Sh. Goldasteh N. AlipanahiAlfalfa, Medicago sativa L. is the most widely used forage plant. In the recent decade, alfalfa aphids have become an important economic pests in some regions of Iran, including Borujerd the northern parts of Lorestan province. In this research, the appropriate sam MoreAlfalfa, Medicago sativa L. is the most widely used forage plant. In the recent decade, alfalfa aphids have become an important economic pests in some regions of Iran, including Borujerd the northern parts of Lorestan province. In this research, the appropriate sample units of alfalfa aphid populations were investigated in 2016. Comparison of six sample units, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of alfalfa stems revealed that there were significant difference among RV and RNP of aphid populations. Results showed that, the appropriate sample unit to estimate Acyrthosiphon pisum, Acyrthosiphon kondoi and Therioaphis maculate populations in alfalfa fields were 4, 4 and 3 stems, respectively. Based on the findings of this research, sample unit of 4 stems is recommended in the sampling for all alfalfa aphids populations in the field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Geochemical and Sedimentary Changes of the Mighan Playa in Arak, Iran
Feridon Ghadimi Mohammad GhomiThe Mighan Playa is the largest playa in Markazi Province. Sedimentary and soil structures show that during all phases the playa was ephemeral. The duration and frequency of flooding varied causing variations in the relative amounts of accumulation, and soil formation. MoreThe Mighan Playa is the largest playa in Markazi Province. Sedimentary and soil structures show that during all phases the playa was ephemeral. The duration and frequency of flooding varied causing variations in the relative amounts of accumulation, and soil formation. The clastic fraction of the playa sediment consists of quartz, mica and chlorite while the non-clastic evaporite fraction is dominated by gypsum, calcite, glauberite, thenardite and halite. Using the principle of chemical divides, such variations in mineralogy have been explained in terms of a change in brine chemistry from Na-Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl to Na-SO4-Cl type. It is also suggested that at an earlier stage, Mighan playa brine underwent evaporation under the conditions of Ca>alkalinity whereas in more recent times, the evaporite mineralogy has developed with alkalinity>Ca. The shallow depth cores are divided into distinct geochemical units based on elemental ratios. Units I and III reflect high chemical weathering whereas the middle unit, II, indicates relatively low weathering and enrichment in evaporates Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Nomenclature Review of the Rock Units in the StratigraphicLexicon of Yemen
Hamed A. El-Nakhal Abdulwahab S. AlaugThe nomenclature. development of the Phanerozoic rock units mentioned in the stratigraphic lexicon of Yemen is revised. Forms violating the nomenclature rules are corrected in accordance with the nternational rules of the stratigraphic nomenclature. The concerned forms MoreThe nomenclature. development of the Phanerozoic rock units mentioned in the stratigraphic lexicon of Yemen is revised. Forms violating the nomenclature rules are corrected in accordance with the nternational rules of the stratigraphic nomenclature. The concerned forms are categorized as: informally introduced, dropped, named or re-named units, all of these categories are discussed in detail. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - Relations between Deep and Shallow Stratigraphic Units of Northern Iraq during Cretaceous
Kamal H Karim Rabea K Al-Hamadani Sirwan H. AhmadThe studied area includes Sulaimani, Erbil and Dohuk Governorates where Cretaceous rocks are well exposed in the High Folded Zone of North and Northeastern Iraq. This area is part of the northwestern boundary of Arabian platform near to Iranian border. In these governor MoreThe studied area includes Sulaimani, Erbil and Dohuk Governorates where Cretaceous rocks are well exposed in the High Folded Zone of North and Northeastern Iraq. This area is part of the northwestern boundary of Arabian platform near to Iranian border. In these governorates, the study tries to clarify the relations between deep and shallow stratigraphic units (formation or facies) during Cretaceous. The result of the present study is mainly depended on the field lateral tracing of the lithologic changes and paleontological evidences for indicating the new age termination of the units. The result showed as a generalized and simple model of temporal and special relations between Cretaceous deep and shallow water formations. The Balambo (Kazhdumi in Iran), Kometan (Ilam), Shiranish-Tanjero (Gurpi) Formations (as deep facies) are indicated as lateral equivalent of shallow facies of Qamchuqa (Sarvak and Dariyian), Bekhme (has not equivalent in Iran yet) and Aqra Formation (Seymare or Tarbur) respectively. On the model, the transition zone is indicated where the deep facies, from the east, change to shallow ones at the west. The shallow facies consist of coarse grain limestone with fossils skeletons, bioclasts and intraclasts. The deep facieses are fine grain pelagic limestone with microfossils (panktonic forams and nanofossils) whiles the transitional facies (zones) generally consist mixture of the two as interfigering relation between the deep and shallow facies. As the changes of the lithology of transitional zones are relatively sudden, therefore, they are not designated as formation and not defined previously. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Using Wind Data to Predict the Risk of Volcanic Eruption: An Example from Damavand Volcano, Iran
M. Mortazavi R.S.J. SparksDamavand volcano is located 60 km to the East North- East of Tehran. It is a dormant stratovolcano outcrop in the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran and is the highest mountain (5670 m) in the Middle East and West Asia. Mazandaran Province, one of the most populous provi MoreDamavand volcano is located 60 km to the East North- East of Tehran. It is a dormant stratovolcano outcrop in the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran and is the highest mountain (5670 m) in the Middle East and West Asia. Mazandaran Province, one of the most populous provinces by population density, Semnan and Gorgan provinces further east are neighbours of the Damavand. Volcanism in Damavand goes back to at least 1 Ma year ago and the latest eruption occurred 7000 years ago. Tephra dispersal in volcanoes strongly depends on atmospheric information in particular wind direction and velocity in stratospheric and tropospheric levels. We present an analysis of wind data to assess the hazards that would result from tephra fall in the cities and provinces neighbouring Damavand. Atmospheric data were provided from the Meteorological stations at Mehr-Abaad airport, Wyoming University and global data sets. We examine wind data from 17 standard pressure levels which cover from 5700 meter (Damavand peak) to 31 km above sea level. If Damavand moved into a state of unrest then a major explosive eruption is a plausible scenario that should be planned for. The results confirm that the area to the south and east of volcano will be affected by tephra. Communities around the southern and eastern flanks of the volcano also have high hazard. Wind data also shows the effects of season on dispersal of tephra from a 25 km high eruption column. Tephra dispersal is dominantly towards the east in all seasons for eruption columns up to 20 km above sea level. Mazandran, Semnan and Gorgan providence could be affected in this case. At 25 km- high eruption column and during the summer there are easterly winds; therefore, the tephra would disperse toward the east. In this case Tehran could experience a tephra fall deposit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - A Study on Productivity Model of Supply Chain in Industrial Units by System Dynamic Approach
Farideh Bornaee Bojd Keyvan Shahgholian Bagher Kord -
Open Access Article
344 - Explain the physical features affecting residents' attachment to their homes and their persistence in new cities (case study: Binalood New city)
Atousa Ghannad Farah Habib Hossein Zabihi -
Open Access Article
345 - Analyzing the Obstacles to the Realization of Citizens' Participation in the Context of City Council Elections Law (Case Study: Tehran City Council)
Reza Kheyroddin Soodeh Hamzehlou -
Open Access Article
346 - Woman in Sanaei and Moulavi View Points As Unity with Exalted Right (GOD)
فلور Valipour chahardah-cherikThe prospect of pundit Sanaei and Moulana about woman as most high manifestation of unity with Right (God) can be known as sublime of woman position in current culture of the present era. These two Iranian elite poet and gnostic, by attributing the special characteristi MoreThe prospect of pundit Sanaei and Moulana about woman as most high manifestation of unity with Right (God) can be known as sublime of woman position in current culture of the present era. These two Iranian elite poet and gnostic, by attributing the special characteristic to the elite and merited women, defined those greats as model and pattern for all humans and considered the achievement to such a position possible for any human who put him/her-self in this route and path. Sanaei and Moulavi praised the women as mature human being and the intermediate between Right and the creature and discovered many Gnostic secrets by this way. They defined the woman as most high symbol of Divine beauty and love and also most comprehensive manifestation of Divine manes and having the attributes of creativeness and comprehensiveness and stated the whole and highness of Right (God) in the mirror of woman existence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Designing a Sustainable Development Model in the Iranian Automotive Industry Using the Fourth Industrial Revolution Approach
salar amini mojtaba ramazani Jafar Beikzad abasgholi sanginorporThe Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming the manufacturing and service industries around the world, especially the leading countries in this field. This phenomenon can simultaneously bring wide opportunities and threats to our country's industries. By formulatin MoreThe Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming the manufacturing and service industries around the world, especially the leading countries in this field. This phenomenon can simultaneously bring wide opportunities and threats to our country's industries. By formulating strategic plans in accordance with the strength and competitive advantages of Iran, while maintaining and promoting the level of competitiveness of the country's industries, this emerging space can be used optimally to optimize industrial development processes. Using the Industrial Revolution 4, this paper presents a model of sustainable development with the approach of in the automotive industry. In this study, we tried to identify and categorize the obstacles to sustainable development as well as the opportunities of the Industrial Revolution 4 in order to create sustainable development by examining the literature and the opinion of experts during the Delphi technique. Then, the interpretive structural modeling approach was used to level and determine the relationships between stability barriers. In the next step, the opportunities of the Industrial Revolution 4 were ranked by the fuzzy (AHP) method. Finally, using the opinion of automotive industry experts, proposals were made to allocate the opportunities of the Industrial Revolution 4 to remove the obstacles to sustainability. The results showed: 1. Political, technical and economic barriers have the greatest impact on sustainability and sustainable development in industry, respectively; 2. Environmental and social dimensions are most affected by political and technical barriers, respectively; 3. Among the opportunities of the Industrial Revolution 4 the information and technological opportunities of the Industrial Revolution 4 have the highest rank and the supply chain management has the lowest rank. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - A Data Envelopment Analysis Model with Interval Data Using TOPSIS Technique
Hossein Azizi Alireza Amirteimoori Sohrab KordrostamiData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a methodology for assessing the performances of a group of decision-making units (DMUs) that utilize multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. This paper introduces two virtual DMUs called ideal DMU and anti-ideal DMU into the inter MoreData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a methodology for assessing the performances of a group of decision-making units (DMUs) that utilize multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. This paper introduces two virtual DMUs called ideal DMU and anti-ideal DMU into the interval DEA. The resultant interval DEA models are, respectively, referred to as the interval DEA with ideal and anti-ideal DMUs. One evaluates DMUs from the viewpoint of the optimistic efficiency, while the other evaluates them from the perspective of the pessimistic efficiency. The two distinctive interval efficiencies are combined to form a comprehensive index called the relative closeness to the ideal DMU just like the well-known technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution approach in multiple attribute decision making. The relative closeness index is then used as the evidence of overall assessment of each DMU, based on which an overall ranking for all the DMUs can be obtained. We also present an example on evaluating the performance of twenty bank branches which shows that the proposed interval DEA approach is a simple, efficient, and practical method for performance measurement in real-life situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - The evoltion of the concept of love in the thought of the Muslim mystics
Tooraj AmiriAbstract; The evoltion of the concept of love in the thought of the Muslim mysticsIn Edifications of love come to mythological teachings and religions. Philosophers, too, spoke of the theories of love. with interest from the teachings of god - human and their loving exp MoreAbstract; The evoltion of the concept of love in the thought of the Muslim mysticsIn Edifications of love come to mythological teachings and religions. Philosophers, too, spoke of the theories of love. with interest from the teachings of god - human and their loving experiences, Points ,mystics have an important insight about their love and its mysteries. ,Rais to love ,inclination, agreed, devotion, in mystical behaviorcan lead to love, According to mystics, whether it is with the consciousness whether or not before or after that, despite the prohibition of love and Inexperience and its problems but because of the knowledge, the natural beauty, mysterious of its being manifestation appeared. Plain lawful mystical love with a sort of mystical understanding Was combined. In evolutionary satiety Slowly it shifted its place to an important Unity of existence. In spite of the Sufis that they had known of the the secret of love But in the course of its reign there was clearly no time to express and the peak of the acme of the thoughts Sufis and a new paradigm emerged in sufism . in this context, the narrative of the roots, the evolution of the concept of love and love n relation to the knowledge in islamic mysticism, comparative analysis has been studied. Keywords: hobb ,love , gnosis, mystics ,unity of existence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Studying the Role of National Epics in Naming the geographical phenomena inGhorveh
Teymoor Malmir Khaled SoltaniThe wide variety of ethnic groups and cultures in Iran has been a great advantage for this country, providing a rich substantial culture and a lively society. However, this variety and multiplicity has sometimes been used by the country's enemies as means for engenderin MoreThe wide variety of ethnic groups and cultures in Iran has been a great advantage for this country, providing a rich substantial culture and a lively society. However, this variety and multiplicity has sometimes been used by the country's enemies as means for engendering schism a diversion in the country. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, due to its richness and profundity, can play its traditional role of providing national identity and unity. In order to demonstrate the significant role of Shahnameh in providing Iranian groups with a single national identity, we considered the effect of Shahnameh on naming geographical phenomenon in Ghorveh with four towns and twelve rural areas. This research, registering geographical names and being impressed of Shahnameh, prevents this national unity from obliteration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - National Epic Reflex in Stories People of Ghorveh
Teymoor Malmir Khaled SoltaniThe wide variety of ethnic groups and cultures in Iran has been a great advantage for this country, providing a rich substantial culture and a lively society. However, this variety and multiplicity has sometimes been used by the country's enemies as means for engenderin MoreThe wide variety of ethnic groups and cultures in Iran has been a great advantage for this country, providing a rich substantial culture and a lively society. However, this variety and multiplicity has sometimes been used by the country's enemies as means for engendering schism a diversion in the country. Ferdowsi's Shâhnâmeh, due to its richness and profundity, can play its traditional role of providing national identity and unity. In order to demonstrate the significant role of Shâhnâmeh in providing Iranian groups with a single national identity, we have analyzed the Shâhnâmeh stories used among the people of Ghorveh, a west Iranian town in which a variety of ethnic groups live. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Creating Social Hope with the use of a comprehensive governance pattern
foud makvandi abdolkarim behzadisocial hope is targeted action via planning , responsibility , responsibility to create change to achieve the wish of progress and is one of the most important factors for realization of citizenship rights , society is tasked to inject hope to people . the purpose of th Moresocial hope is targeted action via planning , responsibility , responsibility to create change to achieve the wish of progress and is one of the most important factors for realization of citizenship rights , society is tasked to inject hope to people . the purpose of this study is to promote social hope using comprehensive governance model . in this context the main question is how to recreate the main values of social hope ? therefore , by analyzing qualitative content under the influence of triangulation process and deductive analysis as well as selective technique for data analysis , it can be concluded that : is it possible to create social hope by benchmarking comprehensive governance ? the statistical population of this study is related articles in the period between 1978 to 2009 . in the meantime , the paper was selected as a number of social hopes and few for the novelty and novelty of the paradigm of comprehensive governance . the main point is that four main components as the comprehensive governance model includes : opposition as opportunity , creativity and adaptive response , systematic and integrated performance , continuous dynamism in regeneration of four main components of social hope including : social solidarity , social resiliency , responsibility and accountability , targeting and planning . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Optimization of energy consumption in methanol unit using pinch technology and modification of heat exchanger arrangement
Payam Barzegar Amin Ahmadpour Hamid Kazemi Esfeh Mohammad Sharei S.M. PeyghambarzadehThe main goal of this paper is the use of pinch technology and revision in heat exchanger network layout to optimize energy consumption in a methanol unit of a petrochemical company. First of all, the process flow diagrams (PFD) and the current state of the heat exchang MoreThe main goal of this paper is the use of pinch technology and revision in heat exchanger network layout to optimize energy consumption in a methanol unit of a petrochemical company. First of all, the process flow diagrams (PFD) and the current state of the heat exchangers network were studied. Then, the necessary data were analyzed, process heat exchangers and their characteristics were compiled and the physical properties of the streamlines at different temperatures were calculated. Then, the target network was distinguished and the network was modified and pinch analysis was performed using ASPEN HYSYS software and ASPEN ENERGY ANALAYZER software. Finally, different scenarios based on pinch analysis were compiled and feasibility, computational, process and operational analysis was performed. Finally, by calculating energy efficiency in each scenario, only one scenario was selected and introduced as the best scenario. According to the selected scenario, the E-1001exchanger, which uses low pressure steam to heat the incoming feed gas, is transferred to another location in order to not only reduce the steam consumption, but also reduce the unit's power consumption by reducing the air fan load. The profit from this scenario was approximately equal to 1.5 billion tomans per year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Investigating the natural resources of Ardabil province with the approach of identifying positive opportunities for the development of local indigenous sports based on the culture and traditions of the community
Mehrdad Moharamzadeh Mohammad saivan Nouri farhad fathiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the natural resources of Ardabil province with the approach of identifying positive opportunities for the development of local indigenous sports based on the culture and traditions of the community. This research was quasi-ex MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the natural resources of Ardabil province with the approach of identifying positive opportunities for the development of local indigenous sports based on the culture and traditions of the community. This research was quasi-experimental and cross-sectional in terms of applied purpose. The statistical population included professors and elites and university specialists, graduate students, staff of Ardabil Youth and Sports Department, sports delegations especially public sports board, sports tourists, leaders, staff of tourism and handicrafts department, staff of hotels and inns. The statistical sample was randomly selected from the community. To collect data, the questionnaire of strategies for reviving, promoting and promoting traditional and local sports and games of Honarvar et al. (2014) was used. The items of this questionnaire are equal to 31 items. The reliability of Cronbach's alpha method was 0.93. The results of factor analysis showed that the structural model is well-fitted. The amount of χ 2 is a low and appropriate value. Also, P-VALUE index is less than 0.05, RMSEA index is less than 0.071. The GFI index was 0.91 and the AGFI index was 0.84. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Mystical revelation from the point of view of Mulla Sadra and Ibn Arabi
seyed rahmatolla mosavimoghadam Seyed Sajad Sadatizadeh ali sabriThe discussion of discovery and intuition in Islamic epistemology is one of the fundamental and essential issues in the mystic religion; So much so that the foundation of Islamic mysticism is based on revelation and observation of the unseen world. Mystical revelations MoreThe discussion of discovery and intuition in Islamic epistemology is one of the fundamental and essential issues in the mystic religion; So much so that the foundation of Islamic mysticism is based on revelation and observation of the unseen world. Mystical revelations are considered the most important epistemic source of theoretical mysticism as an ontological system. This article tries to first review the types of revelation among mystics, its basic features, its evaluation criteria and the background of revelation in the view of the founders of the Ashraq and Masha school of thought, and also the nature, nature, and levels of revelation in the view of Islamic philosophers and mystics, especially Sadra and Ibn Arabi, in detail; As the founder of transcendental wisdom, Sadra has openly claimed to develop some philosophical issues that are considered to be his special initiatives and has shown his dependence on the great mystic Ibn Arabi. The basic question of this article is whether the method of Mullah Sadra's revelations is like other philosophers and mystics or does he have a special style for himself? We can also pay attention to the question of whether Sadra'i intuition is influenced by Ibn Arabi or not. The findings of the research confirm the fact that Mulla Sadra has developed a tendency and used judgmental and debatable topics in processing taste issues; From this point of view, it is influenced by Ibn Arabi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - The theory of unity in Imam Khomeini's intellectual system based on his guidelines and cultural opinions
farkhondeh kornasidezfulicultural opinionsThe issue of unity and unity among the Islamic world has been a very important and necessary issue. Because the colonialists sought to divide and weaken the Muslims and in various ways sought to eradicate Islam and rule over the Muslims and plunder thei Morecultural opinionsThe issue of unity and unity among the Islamic world has been a very important and necessary issue. Because the colonialists sought to divide and weaken the Muslims and in various ways sought to eradicate Islam and rule over the Muslims and plunder their property and resources. Hazrat Imam Khomeini (RA) considered unity as a factor of strength and division as a cause of weakness in the foundation of religion, and the unity of the Islamic world was always considered a great ideal for him. But the realization of "unity" from his point of view requires conditions and the creation of necessary platforms, the most important and necessary of which is the design and creation of a single and common intellectual, cultural and ideological system, and the Imam was looking for that by proposing this intellectual system based on It is to strengthen the spiritual and cultural solidarity between Islamic societies. In this article, an attempt is made to firstly define unity and its underlying factors in the thought system of Imam Rahal, then while examining the concept of arrogance as the main factor in creating division between Islamic societies, by using a descriptive-citing method, the influence of the ideas of the culture of Imam Quds Sar, which is a reflection of his philosophical opinions; To explain the unity of the Muslims of the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Streamology of identity discourses; Emphasis on semantic conflicts and social developments in Iran
Vida Yaghouti Majid Tavassoli Roknabadi Ali Ashraf NazariA discourse leaving its own discourse order and entering the political discourse order takes place due to its stimulation by one of the active discourses in the political discourse order. The meaning of being provoked is that this inactive discourse is placed in an alie MoreA discourse leaving its own discourse order and entering the political discourse order takes place due to its stimulation by one of the active discourses in the political discourse order. The meaning of being provoked is that this inactive discourse is placed in an alienating relationship with the ruling discourse in the political discourse order, and the ruling discourse tries to find an identity by rejecting it. From the day of the constitutional revolution until today, different and conflicting narratives of the evolution of the concept of identity are presented. We are different types and forms of nationalism and sense of religious, cultural, ethnic and political belonging. IN this research, an approach and understanding of politics is presented in the form of the "discourse transformation" model, according to which, sociological developments and new orders in society and the liberation of the subject's abilities, which through the establishment of pre-identities Certain and completely objective social relations that have been suppressed. It is possible to appear. : Affected by the importance of central ideas in the field of individual and civil rights, as well as the centralization of new and critical thoughts regarding citizens' freedom and right to choose, witnessing an increase in the focus on citizens' individuality and subjectivity. [Individual] We are them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - The Role of Prevention in The "Responsibility to Protect" Doctrine with emphasis on the Primary Responsibility of States
Karim Mohammadi Hibatullah Nejandi Manesh Soudeh ShamlouNumerous deadly conflicts and human tragedies occur in the authority domain of national sovereignty. The doctrine of "responsibility to protect" (R2P) has primarily entrusted governments with the responsibility of preventing human crises by implementing some basic (stru MoreNumerous deadly conflicts and human tragedies occur in the authority domain of national sovereignty. The doctrine of "responsibility to protect" (R2P) has primarily entrusted governments with the responsibility of preventing human crises by implementing some basic (structural) measures, which, if carried out, will essentially prevent crises from happening or prevent their recurrence through a series of long-term structural adjustments. Many human crises stem from undue discrimination, poverty, and social, political, and economic inequality. A question rises here: what are the paramount fundamental preventive measures for which the government is responsible? The research findings show that the most important preventive measures to be taken by governments for good governance include respecting human rights, promoting social and economic development, promoting a sense of solidarity among ethnic groups, preventing environmental destruction, and boosting power regarding public security. Preventing conflicts and human disasters is not a mere local or national issue. Success in prevention generally requires solid support from the international community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Basics of Social Prevention in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
laleh akefi امیر ایروانیان امیر پاکنهادAbstract Crime prevention is one of the main strategies in criminal policy which has been always paid attention for the purpose of controlling the criminal activity. The significance of this strategy is so considerable that the prevention of crime has been officially r MoreAbstract Crime prevention is one of the main strategies in criminal policy which has been always paid attention for the purpose of controlling the criminal activity. The significance of this strategy is so considerable that the prevention of crime has been officially recognized beyond the Acts of Parliament i.e. constitutional law. Economic, social and cultural roots cause the emersion of the crime problem which the social prevention method seeks to identify and neutralize. This method is one of the best and most effective methods. Because fighting the cause is always better and more effective than fighting the effect. Social crime prevention is a strategy that in its current, simultaneously, with the recognition the basic social, economic and cultural rights of the citizen, prevention programs are enacted. The occurrence of prevention has requirements. Providing the basic rights such the right to engage in work, the right to adequate housing, the right to social security, the right to education and etc. are of these requirements. This article investigates the issue of social prevention of crime and its context in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran using descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Analyzing the legal status of high officials in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America
hedieh sadat mirtorabi ehsan aghamohamadaghaeeReferring to the legal structure of official and legal authorities in political systems is a question that can be answered by reflecting on the philosophical-political thought of the separation of powers and also by analyzing the text of the constitution of political sy MoreReferring to the legal structure of official and legal authorities in political systems is a question that can be answered by reflecting on the philosophical-political thought of the separation of powers and also by analyzing the text of the constitution of political systems. In the American presidential system, the president is considered as the embodiment of unity and has a clear superiority over other heads of state. Also, extraordinary power has been given to the president in the following matters: implementing laws and monitoring their good implementation, directing the country's foreign policy and commanding the armed forces. This is despite the fact that in Iran's legal system, according to the requirements of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the position of leadership is the highest official and political position of the Constitution. In the meantime, the texture and structure of the constitution has been composed in such a way that it is not only limited to the cases mentioned in principles 110 and 112, but also any matter of public affairs, provided that it is within the framework of Islamic standards and is subject to public interest. be included in the aforementioned authority. Considering the political structure of the two legal systems of Iran and the United States, this article evaluates these two authorities through the lens of the Constitution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Organizational processes effective in creating financial corruption
seyyed shahabeddin mostafavinejad Kheirollah Parvin emran naimiFinancial corruption, which creates a class divide and reduces public trust, is one of the problems that various factors have an impact on. In this research, some of the most important organizational processes, including the recruitment process of employees, lack of pre MoreFinancial corruption, which creates a class divide and reduces public trust, is one of the problems that various factors have an impact on. In this research, some of the most important organizational processes, including the recruitment process of employees, lack of prevention of financial corruption, lack of attention to organizational culture, and the weakness of supervisory authorities, have been taken into consideration And the aim is to identify the basis of financial corruption And as a result, she prevented it from happening. The question that can be raised is how organizational processes can lead to financial corruption.? In response to the mentioned question, it was said in a descriptive and analytical way If their requirements are not paid attention to in organizational processes, the creation of financial corruption in executive organizations will be facilitated. In order to eliminate corrupt organizational procedures, it is necessary to pay attention to some points, including: The principle of equal opportunities and consolidation of employment laws in a special law with minimal exceptions, Using legal capacities such as the law on promoting administrative health and combating corruption to prevent financial corruption by eliminating its shortcomings in the field of supporting corruption reporters, Promotion of organizational culture by paying attention to codes of conduct And finally, solving the defects of the selection regulatory bodies and administrative violations In the field of monitoring the selection of all employees on a periodic basis and redesigning the institution of administrative violations and its definition under the presidential legal vice Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - The function of regional organizations in cyber wars
Tajmohammad Sadeghi Leila raisi Alireza ansari mahyariWith the expansion of the cyber space, a new arena of threats has been created for governments in the form of cyber threats, and it has affected various aspects of national security, including social, economic, military and political security. It has affected internatio MoreWith the expansion of the cyber space, a new arena of threats has been created for governments in the form of cyber threats, and it has affected various aspects of national security, including social, economic, military and political security. It has affected international and regional security, which requires the necessary solutions to minimize the damage caused by this type of threats and maintain international security. Therefore, this article examines the role of regional organizations in preventing cyber-attacks by using the descriptive-analytical method, The hypothesis proposed in this research is that since governments are increasingly focused on unilateral policies and initiatives to deal with cyber threats, regional organizations should play an active role in shaping cooperation among members in the form of approaches focused on International and regional cooperation in the field of cyber security and prevention of cyber threats and the development of the global cyber security system. The findings of the research show that regional organizations such as NATO, the European Union, Shanghai, ASEAN, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Organization of American States have taken measures to reduce damages caused by cybercrimes and counter cyber-attacks, including They have started to increase knowledge and establish cyber laws, regional cooperation, information sharing, infrastructure strengthening and trust building Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - A comparative study of the rule of negation of mustache from the point of view of Imamiyyah and Sunni jurists
Hossein Bakhshi shahrokh abadi Alireza Askari Seyyed Mohammad Mehdi AhmadiIn this research, it is devoted to the study of "the application of the rule of negation of mustache from the viewpoint of Shiite and Sunni scholars".The findings of the research indicate that the rules and principles of the Imami jurisprudence and the jurisprudence of MoreIn this research, it is devoted to the study of "the application of the rule of negation of mustache from the viewpoint of Shiite and Sunni scholars".The findings of the research indicate that the rules and principles of the Imami jurisprudence and the jurisprudence of the four Sunni sects regarding the issue of the rule of negation of the mustache, the principle of adherence to agreements and treaties, the rule of invitation, the rule of intimacy and brotherhood in relation to Islamic countries, peace Izzat Madar, the principle of preserving the system, Dar al-Islam and Jihad, and the viewpoints and points of view and the quality of reasoning were mentioned along with the mention of their evidence, and to reach the views of the jurists of the two religions, drawing rules and principles for it is very helpful.The results of the research showed that the Sunni experts said about the concept of negation of the mustache, the meaning of the negation of the mustache is the negation of proof and argument for the unbelievers on the Day of Judgment. Some said that it is negating the power that can destroy the government and the faith of the believers. Some said it is negation of enemies' rule; provided that they do not advise each other to falsehood, and give up evil deeds, and repent of their sins, and some have expressed another meaning. In Shia, according to Ibn Abbas and Yasa Hazrami, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - The effect of leadership empowerment on the innovative behavior of employees and professional learning communities with the mediating role of psychological empowerment among nurses of Imam Khomeini Hospital (RA)
Tayyebe Vakili Mohammad Hassani Hassan Ghalavandi Reza FathiBackground and purpose: empowering leadership is one of the most important issues in organizations and departments today. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship of leadership empowerment on the innovative behavior of empl MoreBackground and purpose: empowering leadership is one of the most important issues in organizations and departments today. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship of leadership empowerment on the innovative behavior of employees and professional learning communities through the intermediary variable of psychological empowerment of nurses. Materials and methods: The descriptive research method is correlational. The statistical population consisted of nurses working in Imam Khomeini (RA) hospital in Urmia, and 310 of the 1500 employees were selected by stratified sampling. In order to collect information, questionnaires of Zang and Bartol's leadership empowerment (2010), Kanter's employees' innovative behavior (1988), Lee et al.'s professional learning communities (2011), Spriters and Mishra's psychological empowerment (1995) were collected. Exploratory factor analysis was used to check the validity of the research and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability of the research. The research data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method and using spss26 and Pls3 Smart software. Findings: The findings showed an acceptable correlation between all research variables and research hypotheses in the analyzed paths show that there is an indirect relationship between leadership empowerment and innovative behavior of employees and β=0.052. Also, there is an indirect relationship between leadership empowerment and professional learning communities. There is an indirect relationship (β=0.012). There is a causal and positive relationship between leadership empowerment and psychological empowerment (β=0.36). Psychological empowerment and innovative behavior of employees (β=0.58) There is a causal and positive relationship between psychological empowerment and professional learning communities (β = 0.36). Therefore, there is a mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between leadership empowerment and innovative behavior of employees and professional learning communities in The model is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - A Study on the Effects of Teaching Philosophy with Community of Inquiry Method on Questioning and Attitude to Creativity to the Blind Students
Leila Akrami Amir Ghamarani Sedigheh AghalarBackground: Philosophy for children have important role in challenging and creativity thinking for children. Objective: The aim of this research was to study the effects of teaching philosophy with method community of inquiry on questioning and attitude to creativity to MoreBackground: Philosophy for children have important role in challenging and creativity thinking for children. Objective: The aim of this research was to study the effects of teaching philosophy with method community of inquiry on questioning and attitude to creativity to the blind students with 9-11 age group. Some 28 blind girls and boys students were selected randomly to carry out the test. Method: Some 14 persons for experimental group and some other 14 persons for control group were selected with simple random sampling method. The samples were assessed by questioning and CAS questionnaire. To study hypothesis, experimental (pre-test- post- test) method was employed and then community of inquiry Lipman, Robert fisher and Philip cam thinking stories they were used to teach them. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: Findings showed that, philosophy for children with method community of inquiry caused improvement of questioning (0/001) and attitude to creativity (0/001) of blind girls and boys were improved. Discussion: Philosophy for children have important role, in reinforcement questioning, critical thinking and creativity for blind child. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Analysis of Relationship between Intellectual Capital Elements on the Different Behaviors of Entrepreneurs in the Process of Identifying Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Structural Equation Modeling
Shahrzad Barani Amir Hossein Alibeygi Background: Turning to small, entrepreneurial businesses, for their role in generating employment and wealth, is one of the key factors for economic growth and development in the modern era. Entrepreneurs in the process with identifying new opportunities, analyzi More Background: Turning to small, entrepreneurial businesses, for their role in generating employment and wealth, is one of the key factors for economic growth and development in the modern era. Entrepreneurs in the process with identifying new opportunities, analyzing customer requirements and the resources and assets will lead to the survival of entrepreneurial business. How to deal with the behavioral mechanisms of entrepreneurs in the process is a gap for studies. Objective: The paper examined the relationship between intellectual capital elements on the different behaviors of entrepreneurs in the process of identifying entrepreneurial opportunities. Method: The population of study was top producers of farming and agricultural entrepreneurs of Kermanshah (N=188). 106 were selected by simple random sampling. Findings: Structural equation modeling results indicated a positive and significant relationship between intellectual capital and opportunities. Knowledge and information, internal incentive, creativity and managerial experience were most important elements of intellectual capital. Entrepreneurs about recognition of opportunities were almost powerful and competitive review of opportunities, creating innovative solutions and actively seeking behaviors was approved as most important behaviors. Conclusion: Promotion of team work culture, strengthening of internal information systems, holding creativity techniques workshops and gaining business management experience, may be necessary to improve innovative behavior in identifying opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - The Effect of the Rate of Sensing and Responding to the Technological Changes on Business Opportunity of Corporates
Saeid Mortazavi Alireza AminiPurpose: This paper intended to study the relationships between the effects of the rate of sensing and responding to the technological changes on business opportunity of a corporates. Methodology: A descriptive research was used to investigate the relationship bet MorePurpose: This paper intended to study the relationships between the effects of the rate of sensing and responding to the technological changes on business opportunity of a corporates. Methodology: A descriptive research was used to investigate the relationship between variables under study. To collect data, a questionnaire (α= 0.821) was distributed among some 160 venders of products of SAMSUNG brand in Mashhad city. The structural equation modeling using maximum likelihood estimation was applied to test the hypotheses. Findings: The results revealed that marketing strategies of corporate and responding to technological changes had directly positive effect on business position of SAMSUNG Co. while marketing strategies plays a mediatory role on the relation between sensing to technological changes and SAMSUNG business position. Result: Sensing to technological changes and appropriate responding to it provides corporate’s prosperity in their business. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Facieses and depositional environment of cretaceous in south east of Tehran (north west of Bibisharbanoo mountain)
GH MohammadiCretaceous rock out crops in south east of Tehran and north west of Bibisharbanoo Mountains with120 m in thickness composed of compact white limestone rocks and light red limestone rocks withEchinoderms and Braciupods and at the end of sequence thickness white or red ca MoreCretaceous rock out crops in south east of Tehran and north west of Bibisharbanoo Mountains with120 m in thickness composed of compact white limestone rocks and light red limestone rocks withEchinoderms and Braciupods and at the end of sequence thickness white or red calcareous layer with alat of gastropods and foraminifer are completing this sequence. Field and microscopic (petrographic)studies led to tecognition 8 carbonate.Facieses A (bioclastice mudstone) with pelagic bioclasts.Facieses B (bioclastic wackston) with pelagic bioclasts.Facieses C (bioclastic packstone) with pelagic bioclasts.Facieses (A B C) indicates medium to relatively deep marine environments (open marine)Facieses D (bioclastic grindstone) and E (intraclastic grindstone )indicates high energy.Environment (barrier)Facieses F (bioclastic packs tone) with bentic bioclasts.Facieses G (bioclastic wacks tone) woth bentic bioclasts.Facieses H (peloid wacks tone) with bentic bioclast indicates lagoon environment.These facieses indicates a carbonate basinet in shape in shape homoclinal ramp. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Edible Insects, Challenges and Opportunities
Yahya Ostadi Gholamreza Yavari Mohsen Shokat Fadaei Majid Ahmadian Sohrab Imani5The current major challenge is how to make the world’s population in year 2050 reaches 9 billion saved from hunger? Along with recourse can strain’s. The price of food and protein has also increased and it causes a large number of people every day in the wor MoreThe current major challenge is how to make the world’s population in year 2050 reaches 9 billion saved from hunger? Along with recourse can strain’s. The price of food and protein has also increased and it causes a large number of people every day in the world to fall below the poverty line. Now this question arises to over count the problem of hunger of the earth’s population what the other sources are? Here the use of insect potential as a food and feed for humans and livestock and poultry can be a good solution for solving the global feed crisis and starvation. This research is a brief review of the history of edible insects in Iran and the world, nutritional value of insects, humans of food insects in worldwide and introducing some important species of insects and also challenges and opportunities ahead, and benefits and disadvantages of using insects as food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Investigating the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of the Shahab National Plan based on the SWOT Method
Maryam Asefi -
Open Access Article
371 - The relationship between food security and community health
Bijan Khurshidpour khadije maminejadAmong the factors that ensure the health of a society is a healthy nutrition pattern. Food security is the cornerstone of a developed society and the main element of intellectual, mental and physical health of that society. Food insecurity will seriously destroy the soc MoreAmong the factors that ensure the health of a society is a healthy nutrition pattern. Food security is the cornerstone of a developed society and the main element of intellectual, mental and physical health of that society. Food insecurity will seriously destroy the social capital reserve of the people included in it, as well as the significance of human and religious norms and values. Food security and the right to access sufficient and healthy food and freedom from hunger and malnutrition are the main axes of development, peace of society and the infrastructure of the future generation of the country. On the other hand, food insecurity and its global consequences are an issue that directly or indirectly affects all the countries of the world, and the physical, mental, psychological, economic and social consequences of this huge problem are affecting hundreds of millions of people. Food insecurity and malnutrition weaken people's ability to develop skills and reduce their productivity, and in the long term, they are gradually deprived of their abilities and cannot play a role in education, production, and economy. Access to sufficient and nutritious food is one of the most important priorities pursued by the international community, and all major government policies are in the framework of food security. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient and healthy food, so that their food needs and food preferences are met for a healthy and active life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - The role of social resilience in reducing damage caused by natural factors affecting desert areas (a case study of dust in Semnan city)
Seyyed Ebrahim Miremadi Mohammad Reza Zandmoghadam saeid kamyabiNatural hazards are a reality that has affected a significant part of the southern regions of Semnan today. Due to the fact that in some cases, it is not possible to prevent the occurrence of these natural hazards, therefore, it is very important to investigate the leve MoreNatural hazards are a reality that has affected a significant part of the southern regions of Semnan today. Due to the fact that in some cases, it is not possible to prevent the occurrence of these natural hazards, therefore, it is very important to investigate the level of resilience against natural disasters. Waghbar) is affected by desert areas, Semnan city.The current research is applied and analytical-descriptive in purpose. Using the fuzzy model, this research seeks to evaluate the resilience of the southern residents of Semnan city against dust, in this regard, 40 questionnaires were provided to experts and specialists, the reliability of the questionnaire was determined by Cronbach's alpha, and its validity was determined by the experts in geography and Urban planning and social sciences were approved. The questions included four dimensions (physical, social, economic and institutional) which were answered by experts.Findings: It indicates that: the main question of the research has been rejected at a significant level. And the maximum amount of resilience in the social, economic and organizational dimensions, the amount of resilience is significantly greater than the hypothetical average, so that the three sub-questions of the research are confirmed. they got.According to the research findings, there is no significant relationship between resilience and physical, social, economic, and institutional components. With the explanation that the lower the level of each of the components, the level of resilience also decreases, the results of analyzes and statistical tests show that the state of resilience of Shahr Semnan is not very favorable and resilience tends towards vulnerability. The resilience values of Semnan city are far from the standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Introduction and an Archaeological Study of Göyce Qala Catacombs
Hossein Naseri Some’e Ali Reza Pashaei Mohsen Sa’adatiCastle and village of Göyce Qala are located 46 kilometers southeast of Maragheh, with traditional structure and Rocky architecture. There is a catacomb in engraved rocks which was misinterpreted as storage for rainfall. Some scholars, local people, and internet ma MoreCastle and village of Göyce Qala are located 46 kilometers southeast of Maragheh, with traditional structure and Rocky architecture. There is a catacomb in engraved rocks which was misinterpreted as storage for rainfall. Some scholars, local people, and internet materials have wrongly identified it as a storage place for water. The authors attempt to reject such claim and identify the chronology and functions of the site by surveying the site and drawing its plan and comparing it with foreign and Iranian similar sites. The tomb consists of a main chamber with attached spaces and a symbolic square yard that is integrated with stony staircases that reach to them and can be presented as rocky Urartu tombs known as “integrated single unit”. Apparently, in Urartu, tomb types indicated the buried people’s status and since catacombs usually were for royal family and local governor, understanding and presenting can be profitable for a better realization of the region in Urartu period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - The Impact of Climate Changes on the Life Style of Hunter Communities in Bastak Region, Hormozgan Province (Case Study: Rock Paintings of Eshkaft-e-Ahou)
Hassan Afshari Parisa Nekouei Farida Forouzan -
Open Access Article
375 - Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units to Maintain CompleteObservability Considering Maximum Reliability by Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II)
bahman taheri Farzad Ghasemzade Payam Farhadi -
Open Access Article
376 - An Extended Louvain Method for Community Detection in Attributed Social Networks
Yasser Sadri Saeid Taghavi Afshord shahriar lotfi Vahid Majidnezhad -
Open Access Article
377 - Solving Security Constrained Unit Commitment by Particle Swarm Optimization
Shiva Alipour Ghorbani Hossein Nasiraghdam -
Open Access Article
378 - Appropriate Roadside UnitsPlacement in VANET Networks to Reduce Data Transfer Time
zinat Salehikiaa MohammadReza Salehnamadi -
Open Access Article
379 - Neural Networks in Electric Load Forecasting:A Comprehensive Survey
Vahid Mansouri Mohammad Esmaeil akbari -
Open Access Article
380 - Modified Harmony Search Algorithm Based Unit
اویس عابدینیا علی قاسمی نورالدین قدیمی -
Open Access Article
381 - A Critical View on New Urbanism Theory in Urban Planning: From Theory to Practice
Mitra Ghorbi Hamid Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
382 - The Situationist Urban Design; Rules and Principles
Shirin Izadpanah -
Open Access Article
383 - Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Increase of Liveliness in Community Spaces, from the Viewpoint of Architecture and Urbanism Intellectuals in Iran
Fateme Fereidooni Jamaleddin soheili -
Open Access Article
384 - A Statistical Meta-Analysis of the Neighborhood Design Elements on Social Capital
Mahdieh Seifikaran Marjan A. Nemati Mehr -
Open Access Article
385 - The emotional experience dimensions of the residents of apartment units during the coronavirus pandemic (case study: Tehran)
yeganeh khalili Ghasem MotalebiDuring pandemics, people are more susceptible to high stress,which is caused by the dread of disease, the consequences of home quarantine,the illness and death of family members, remote work activities, and virtual schooling.As this might not be the last outbreak, we ne MoreDuring pandemics, people are more susceptible to high stress,which is caused by the dread of disease, the consequences of home quarantine,the illness and death of family members, remote work activities, and virtual schooling.As this might not be the last outbreak, we need to be well-equipped with greater adaptability and resilience.The research purpose is to investigate and then rank the components affecting the user's emotional experience (increasing relaxation and reducing stress) in the communal space of residential apartments in Tehran during pandemics.The ranking was based on the extent and type of psychological effect.This research seeks to answer the main question:What architectural components of the communal space of the apartment houses(living room),during the period of the coronavirus pandemic have an impact on creating or enhancing relaxation and decreasing the stress levels of residents?The research method is descriptive-analytical. Initially home-associated comforting components and recommended components for the pandemic era were scrutinized by reviewing the research literature.Moreover, components suggested by the authors were examined.The research components were classified into three categories: physical components, ensory components,and personal components.The components were evaluated through a qualitative interview with 10 architectural professors to confirm the validity of the research.Then, the data were collected and ranked through a qualitative questionnaire (including demographic information and Panas standard questions based on positive and negative emotional poles on a 10-point Likert scale) from a sample size of 405 people.The collected data were analyzed by SPSS using Shapiro-Wilk, Friedman, one-way ANOVA, unpaired t, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests.The results show that the most important components affecting positive emotional experience include openable windows that facilitate the flow of fresh air, the entry of natural light, and a semi-open space (a terrace or balcony).However, partitioning and creating individual spaces and higher dimensions of proxemics to family members had the least priority on positive emotional experience Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - An Evaluation of Housing Quality in Two Types of Conventional Housing vs. Apartments, (Case Study: Haft Hoz Neighborhood and the 1st Phase of Ekbatan Community in Tehran)
Mohammad Reza Haghi Samira Samavati Anoosh Eskandari -
Open Access Article
387 - A Trivalent Approach to the Quality of the “Khoshk” River Landscape in Shiraz
Mehdi Khakzand Mohsen Faizi Abbas Azari -
Open Access Article
388 - Maraghe Observatory and an Effort towards Retrieval of Architectural Design of Astronomical Units
Javad Shekari Niri -
Open Access Article
389 - Detect barriers to consistency Thesis subject course Masters Educational Sciences The community needs From the perspective students
مهوش خسروی محمدرضا نیلی بی بی عشرت زمانیThe aim of this study is to identify barriers to create compatibility between threads supervision of Master of Education with the needs of society from the perspective of students. The study was descriptive-survey research methods. The study sample consisted of 500 stud MoreThe aim of this study is to identify barriers to create compatibility between threads supervision of Master of Education with the needs of society from the perspective of students. The study was descriptive-survey research methods. The study sample consisted of 500 students from different backgrounds Masters degree at the University of Isfahan, Azad University Khorasgan and Payam Noor of Isfahan in the academic year 1393 is 94. Use the sample table-Morgan 217 samples sampling stratified set volume Shdnd.abzar data collection questionnaire, with 24 questions was closed. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which indicates the validity of the instrument is 0/91, and its validity was confirmed by experts and experts in education. Analyze data on the level of descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted. In the description to determine the frequency and percentage of respondents score of mean, standard deviation, percent and inferential statistics and independent t-test one sample, analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc test was used Results showed that in terms students barriers economic, socio-cultural organizations in developing the thesis of Postgraduate Course consistency with the the needs of society are effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Opportunity for Opportunity in Imam Mohammad Ghazali's Works and Its Educational Implications
jahanbakhsh Rahmani rezaali norouzi seyedhashem golestani ghasem malihiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the confusion of opportunity in the works of al-Ghazali and to explain its educational implications for the educational authorities. His works and ideas in various fields of Islamic sciences such as jurisprudence, theology and MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the confusion of opportunity in the works of al-Ghazali and to explain its educational implications for the educational authorities. His works and ideas in various fields of Islamic sciences such as jurisprudence, theology and ethics have been left to him in more than seventy compilations. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method. Referring to the works of Abu Hamed Ghazali, the author studies and reviews those writings of this great thinker about the life, time, and related concepts. While emphasizing the importance of human life, al-Ghazâlî invites his audience to embrace the various opportunities of life that flow in the context of the eternal life, and his overall purpose in these recommendations is to know and obey God, to control one's airs, to serve one and only Lord. Bliss is in the Hereafter. Ghazali considers the exploitation of the opportunities of his life to be the most important in the course of his education, and he has repeated and emphatic advice on the seizure of opportunities, and he does everything he can to save time and waste opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - Representation of popular culture in Khorasan, according to the views of European travelers in the Qajar era
Reza Musabadi Batool fakhreslamIn the context of historical studies, travel logs are important because of their social and cultural content. Therefore, the present article seeks to explain how and why travel writers and European tourists look at the social and cultural status of Khorasan in the Qajar MoreIn the context of historical studies, travel logs are important because of their social and cultural content. Therefore, the present article seeks to explain how and why travel writers and European tourists look at the social and cultural status of Khorasan in the Qajar era. Using librarianship method, this article reviews and criticizes the opinions of these travelers about the reflection of the social and cultural situation of the Khorasan community in the Qajar era by referring to European travelogues and descriptive-analytical methods. The results of this research show that in a general outcome, features such as superficiality, Europeanism, colonial and humiliation, dominated by the majority of Western travel journalists, have led, in some cases, to the social and cultural situation of Khorasan by travelers The west is reversed and away from reality. Also, they sometimes ignored the multiple functions of social and cultural conditions in Khorasan and magnified their weaknesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Divine traditions and Rise and Fall of Civilizations
Hasan HosayniThis article is a survey of the factors of disintegration and the pride of society or the role of divine traditions in falling and rising of the civilization and the communications which well be discussed. Along with divine traditions, there are different phenrmen as t MoreThis article is a survey of the factors of disintegration and the pride of society or the role of divine traditions in falling and rising of the civilization and the communications which well be discussed. Along with divine traditions, there are different phenrmen as tools for testing human beings and the Muslims to be tested in order to associated with happenings and problems and reap pious The reasons for falling of some people in the past such as: Noah’s, Ad, Samood, lat, Saba, and so on … are dealt with in its proper place, as well. And then the most important factors which had basic roles in the rise and fall of civilizations are discussed. Attention to the point that some of the factors in falling all the civilisutions are common and some others are specific to a civilization an human gathering, in the article can be praiseworthy help for recognizing the causes of the falling and rising of civilizations. At the end after getting the conclusion from the discussion and presenting some suggestions. There will be a list of sources used in preparing this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Study of Challengesand Administrative of Regulations Barriers of Health, Safety And Environment in Oil and Gas Industry
Sattar Mohammadi Zohreh Ghazi TabatabaeiConsidering safety measures in industrial and chemical facilities is a fundamental issue. Statistical figures and facts display the great impact of industrial accidents on humans’ life as well as economic and environmental damages. Industrial accidents are amounte MoreConsidering safety measures in industrial and chemical facilities is a fundamental issue. Statistical figures and facts display the great impact of industrial accidents on humans’ life as well as economic and environmental damages. Industrial accidents are amounted to high percentages of accidents around the globe. In addition, some of these damages are irreversible. Therefore, discovering and preventing these damages and assessment of the risks which lead to these damages, requires specific strategies and guidelines in addition to risk analysis in industrial units. In this research paper, risk assessment and risk analysis of utility unit of Fifth Gas Refinery of South Pars Gas Complex has been studies. HAZOP Technique has been used for risk assessment of this Unit, which has been established to detect the procedural problems, so, the existing deviation has been assessed by HAZOP team. The result of the study showed the use of experts’ recommendations from HAZOP method for risk management and increasing safety and procedural measurements of the Unit. Based on compiled expertise, utility unit efficiency depends strongly on flow and compression for this unit, since the inflow stores in reservoirs initially and distributed in this unit with a proper pressure. Therefore, it is vital to regulate these parameters as far as possible and prevent their inadequate increase and decrease. The flow circulates in system with a normal procedural pressure rate and can prevent the probable damages such as lines break down due to high sensitivity against high tension and stopping pump and unit being out of service due to decrease of flow. the most important recommendations in this study include: installation of temperature and pressure alarms in unit. Therefore, based on the obtained results from this study, unit setup guidelines and policies have been reformed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Explaining Change in the Structure of International System Facing Iran
Hadiseh Koliaee Amin Ravanbod ali mohammad haghighiThe purpose of this article is to explain the change in the structure of the international system and examine the possible future structure of the international system that Iran will face. In the present research, the authors have investigated the main mechanism of the MoreThe purpose of this article is to explain the change in the structure of the international system and examine the possible future structure of the international system that Iran will face. In the present research, the authors have investigated the main mechanism of the change in the structure of the international system, i.e. the rise and fall of great powers, using the descriptive-analytical method. The authors believe that the current structure of the international system cannot be defined by the concept of polarity. The current structure of the international system includes a superpower (America) alongside China as a challenger and candidate to become a superpower in the future and several big powers (European Union, Russia, Britain and Japan) and this structure will continue in the short term.The Islamic Republic of Iran can be placed in a state of neither friend nor enemy in relation to other great powers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - The Emergence of International laws and Regulations of States against Terrorism from the Perspective of International Law
Amin Amini Zare AboMohamad Asgarkhani Maryam MoradiAmin Amini Zare[1],AboMohamad Asgarkhani[2]*,Maryam Moradi[3] Abstract: Terrorism has been the subject of considerable reflection and research in various fields of the humanities, including international law. The purpose of this article is to investigate the origins o MoreAmin Amini Zare[1],AboMohamad Asgarkhani[2]*,Maryam Moradi[3] Abstract: Terrorism has been the subject of considerable reflection and research in various fields of the humanities, including international law. The purpose of this article is to investigate the origins of international regulations of world gov­er­n­m­ents in the fight against terrorism from the perspective of international law, which is followed by a descriptive-analytical method. According to the results the contemporary era has witnessed a lack of agreement and collective success in c­o­untering and eliminating the phenomenon of terrorism. The reason for this can be attributed to the lack of relative unity in defining the nature of the terrorist act, which in turn confuses and inefficiencies the forms of confrontation with it and institutions such as the United Nations. Although, the structure of inter­n­a­tional law has not become fruitful and final solutions due to the use of power by powerful governments in their interests. [1].PhD student in Public International Law, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran. [2].Professor, Department of Law and Political Science, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran,Corresponding Author [3].Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law,Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Investigating the Jurisprudential, Legal, Theological, Political, and Unity of the Islamic Ummah Based on Jurisprudential Opinions
morteza pourmolaii Rahmat FarahzadiFrom the Islamic point of view, the "ummah" as a "human being" is first of great importance and secondly, it has moderate effects on human beings, such as death and life, happiness, and cruelty. On the other hand, unity and empathy are desirable for Islam and it calls o MoreFrom the Islamic point of view, the "ummah" as a "human being" is first of great importance and secondly, it has moderate effects on human beings, such as death and life, happiness, and cruelty. On the other hand, unity and empathy are desirable for Islam and it calls on Muslims to try to create it and avoid any division. In verses and hadiths, in addition to the rule of reason to praise the creation of unity and condemn division and separation, some jurisprudential rules can be used to prove this importance. The unity of the Islamic ummah is that all Muslims should act in a united, coordinated, and cohesive manner against their common enemies. According to the Qur’an, the necessity and importance of unity are one of the most fundamental social and religious issues of Muslims. The purpose of this article is to study the legal jurisprudential status of the unity of the Islamic ummah based on jurisprudential opinions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Determining the Strengths of Economic Development Policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the SWOT Model
Yousef Karimi Katayoonche mohamadhasan elahimanesh Ali MohseniThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the economic development policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the SWOT model and to present a favorable model. The main question of the research is what are the strengths of economic development policy in the Islami MoreThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the economic development policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the SWOT model and to present a favorable model. The main question of the research is what are the strengths of economic development policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran? Accordingly, the main hypothesis of the research is that according to the swot model, economic development policy has many strengths. After analyzing the research findings and according to the numbers obtained from the fourth chapter matrix and the scores of strategy attractiveness, the priorities of strategy implementation can be categorized based on environmental and internal factors. The results showed that establishing economic ties with neighboring countries that have strong monetary potentials, prioritizing neighboring countries, focusing on achieving all areas, and accessing to modern technology in the West Asian region are considered as the strategic advantages of Iran’s economic development policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Investigating the Characteristics of Fraud Statements and its Impact on Community Policies
Hossein Kamrani Bijan Abedini Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar Faeq AhmadiHossein Kamrani [1] Bijan Abedini [2] Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar [3] Faeq Ahmadi [4] Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of fraud in financial statements and their impact on community policies. Financial fraud involves any delibera MoreHossein Kamrani [1] Bijan Abedini [2] Mohammad Hossein Ranjbar [3] Faeq Ahmadi [4] Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of fraud in financial statements and their impact on community policies. Financial fraud involves any deliberate action by a company to mislead users of these financial statements, especially investors. Creditworthiness through the preparation and publication of financial statements contains a significant misstatement. It has a negative impact on various economic, cultural and social dimensions. Fraud, undermining the ethics and culture of society and government policies to safeguard the interests of the people and to deprive them of resources, is a major obstacle to promoting a culture of work and competitiveness of productive activities and to thwart efforts. They are aimed at reducing poverty and social discrimination. With the rise of fraud community declines due to the skepticism created. [1] -PhD student in Accounting, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran [2] - Assistant Professor, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Humanities, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran [3] - Assistant Professor, Department of Financial Management and Accounting, Faculty of Humanities, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran [4] - Assistant Professor, Department of Financial Management and Accounting, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - A Comparative Study of US, EU, and Iran Legal Approaches to Anti-Competitive Civil Liability
majid khalilpourgorgani javad niknejad behnam ghanbarporIn a free market economy, competitive rules are determined by the market itself. Competition causes the producer to improve the quality of the product, the consumer to provide it with the most suitable conditions. However, there are vertical and horizontal anti-competit MoreIn a free market economy, competitive rules are determined by the market itself. Competition causes the producer to improve the quality of the product, the consumer to provide it with the most suitable conditions. However, there are vertical and horizontal anti-competitive practices that are detrimental to this competition. The main question of the present study is what legal approaches at the level of the United States, the European Union and Iran to civil liability arising from anti-competitive practices? In the United States, there is currently a more legal approach to civil liability arising from vertical agreements. It is horizontally focused, while the European Union has the opposite position. Iran's legal approach can be considered as an intermediate approach according to the jurisprudential rules as well as the prevailing laws such as civil law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Historical Coexistence of National Identity and Ethnic Identities in Iran and the Need to Adopt a Policy of Unity in Plurality in the Current Era
Majid Abbaszadeh MarzbaliMajid Abbaszadeh Marzbali[1] Abstract: The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between national identity and ethnic identities in Iran and to introduce an appropriate identity policy-making model to strengthen the relationship between th MoreMajid Abbaszadeh Marzbali[1] Abstract: The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between national identity and ethnic identities in Iran and to introduce an appropriate identity policy-making model to strengthen the relationship between these identities and consolidate solidarity and national identity in the country. Accordingly, the key question of the research is that in the multi-ethnic country of Iran, the State of the Islamic Republic should adopt what kind of identity policy in order to strengthen the relationship between national identity and ethnic identities and consolidate solidarity and national identity in Iran? The hypothesis of the article is that considering the multi-ethnicity of Iran and the historical coexistence of national identity and ethnic identities in the country, the State of the Islamic Republic in order to strengthen the relationship between these identities and consolidate solidarity and national identity, should have an identity policy of unity in plurality. This policy can express national unity in the context of ethnic pluralism in the country. It should be noted that the research method of the article is descriptive-analytical. [1]. PhD in political Science, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Comparative Assessment of Drug and Psychotropic Crimes in Iran and the United Kingdom
Yahya Kamalipour Bagher ShamlooYahya Kamalipour[1] Bagher Shamloo [2] Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative assessment of drug and psychotropic crimes in Iran and the United Kingdom. In Iranian law, the criminal policy governing drug crimes is based primarily on MoreYahya Kamalipour[1] Bagher Shamloo [2] Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative assessment of drug and psychotropic crimes in Iran and the United Kingdom. In Iranian law, the criminal policy governing drug crimes is based primarily on government, official, and repressive responses. In English law, a relatively more flexible procedure has been adopted, and except in a few cases, the legislature has not resorted to punitive penalties, such as the death penalty, in response to drug offenses. Medium-term imprisonment is the main punishment for most drug offenses in the UK. However, in both legal systems, there are minimal similarities, including the widespread use of the power of imprisonment to respond to drug offenses. So the question is, what is the difference between punishing drug and psychotropic crimes in Iran and the United Kingdom? [1] - Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan Branch, Rafsanjan, Iran, yahya.kamalipour@mailfa.com [2] - Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Rafsanjan Branch, Rafsanjan, Iran Corresponding Author, bagher.shamloo@mailfa.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - A Comparative Study of the Impunity of Criminals in the Iranian Penal System and the Statute of the International Criminal Court
ali mansourlakoorak Asghar Abbasi ali ghorbaniThis study maintains that meantime computes obstacles impunity in international crimes, analyze methods of comparison against impunity; with this forward-supposition that the impunity of great international felonies cannot be an acceptable phenomenon so we decided to st MoreThis study maintains that meantime computes obstacles impunity in international crimes, analyze methods of comparison against impunity; with this forward-supposition that the impunity of great international felonies cannot be an acceptable phenomenon so we decided to study legal principles that impediment against these felonies punishment principles: sovereignty, localness if criminal law, nonintervention, immunity, the individualism of punishment and legality of crime and punishment; we pay due attention to the comparison with impunity cases from the Nuremberg charter to Rom charter and in this way analyze the relationship between the sovereignty of government and impunity and we pay attention to international criminal court and international criminal tribunal. Finally, we can say 1. There are some conflicts between Rom charter regulations, 2. Unfortunately, execution of criminal justice has been possible only in non-developed countries; meantime non-appropriate movement could be seen from the side of the Security Council. Leaning to the 7th chapter from the charter must be regarded from the side of permanent members of the Security Council. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Impunity for international criminals in international instruments
Ali Mansour Lekurj Asghar Abbasi ali ghorbaniAli Mansour Lekurj[1],Asghar Abbasi[2]*,Ali Ghorbani[3] Abstract:This study maintain that meantime compute obstacles impunity in int­e­r­n­a­tional crimes, analyze methods of comparison against impunity; with this forward-supposition that the im MoreAli Mansour Lekurj[1],Asghar Abbasi[2]*,Ali Ghorbani[3] Abstract:This study maintain that meantime compute obstacles impunity in int­e­r­n­a­tional crimes, analyze methods of comparison against impunity; with this forward-supposition that the impunity of great international felonies cannot be an acceptable phenomenon so we decided to study legal principles that im­­pe­diment against these felonies punishment e.g principles : sovereignty, localness if criminal law, nonintervention, immunity, individualism of pun­i­s­­­h­m­ent and legality of crime and punishment; we pay due attention to the comparison with impunity cases from the Nuremberg charter to Rom cha­rt­e­r and in this way analyze relationship between sovereignty of government and impunity and we pay attention to international criminal court and inte­rn­at­io­n­a­l criminal tribunal.Finally we can say: 1. There is some con­f­lic­ts between Rom charter regulations,2.Unfortunately execution of criminal ju­st­i­c­e has been possible only about non-developed countries; meantime non-appropriate mov­e­m­ent could be seen from the side of security council. Le­a­n­­ing to the 7th chapter from the charter must be regarded from the side of permanent members of security council. [1].PhD Student in Criminal Law and Criminology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Mazandaran, Iran[2]. Assistant Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Mazandaran, Iran ,Corresponding Author[3] - Assistant Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Mazandaran, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - An Integrated Temporal Partitioning and Mapping Framework for Improving Performance of a Reconfigurable Instruction Set Processor
Farhad Mehdipour Hamid Noori Morteza Saheb Zamani Hiroaki Honda Koji Inoue Kazuaki Murakami -
Open Access Article
405 - Fast Cellular Automata Implementation on Graphic Processor Unit (GPU) for Salt and Pepper Noise Removal
Afsaneh Jalalian Babak Karasfi Khairulmizam Samsudin M.Iqbal Saripan Syamsiah Mashohor -
Open Access Article
406 - Compressed Domain Scene Change Detection Based on Transform Units Distribution in High Efficiency Video Coding Standard
Navid Dorfeshan Mohammadreza Ramezanpour -
Open Access Article
407 - A New Multi-Agent Bat Approach for Detecting Community Structure in Social Networks
Saeed Alidoost Behrooz Masoumi -
Open Access Article
408 - Overlapping Community Detection in Social Networks Based on Stochastic Simulation
Hadi Zare Mahdi Hajiabadi -
Open Access Article
409 - Evaluation the Effect of life Cycle, Growth Option and Financial Reporting Quality in Mitigating the Constraining Effects of Dividend on Investment Decisions
Ali Naderi Mohsen Dastgir Farzad KarimiIn full capital market there is no relationship between dividend policy and investment decisions. However, frictions of capital market result in the appearance of negative effect of dividend on investment decisions. On way to modify this negative effect is qualified fin MoreIn full capital market there is no relationship between dividend policy and investment decisions. However, frictions of capital market result in the appearance of negative effect of dividend on investment decisions. On way to modify this negative effect is qualified financial reporting. This modifying effect is more prominent among adolescent firms and firms with high level of investment opportunities. Therefore, the final goal of this research is to investigate modifying effect of life cycle (adolescent firms) and growth opportunities on the negative relationship between dividend and investment decisions.Four hypotheses are considered for answering the above goal. In this way a sample consist of 105 firms listed in Tehran stock exchange were selected to test hypotheses. For estimating regression models, combined data were used during 1390 to 1398. The findings show that dividend has negative effect on the level of firm investment and this effect can be modified by high level of financial reporting quality. This modification effect is more prominent among adolescent firms and firms with high level of investment opportunities. According to these findings, the modifying effect of life cycle and growth opportunities on the modifying effect of financial reporting quality are confirmed empirically. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Presentation A Model for Exploiting Organizational Entrepreneurship Opportunities Via Social Networks
Mohammad Reza Jafarzadeh Masoumeh Hoseinzadehshahri Ahmad Rahchamani Iraj Saei ArsiThe Iranian have intention for entrepreneurship,but the comparative lack of opportunistic vision has made Iran not have a good rating in entrepreneurial activities. Many researchers consider the stage of recognition of opportunity to be the first step in setting up busi MoreThe Iranian have intention for entrepreneurship,but the comparative lack of opportunistic vision has made Iran not have a good rating in entrepreneurial activities. Many researchers consider the stage of recognition of opportunity to be the first step in setting up businesses. If entrepreneurs are successful in identifying opportunities, they will most likely succeed in creating and growing businesses. On one hand, the development of cyberspace and social networks, has made it easier to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities. the purpose of this research is Providing a model for exploiting organazational entrepreneurship opportunities via social networks. The research methodology of this study is qualitative and the grounded theory has been used to achieve the purpose of the research. After reviewing and interviewing the 10 active virtual networks that were selected through targeted sampling, the text of the interviews were categorized by coding in open source, axial and selective coding, and finally, 50 open codes were categorized into15axial codes. The dimensions of exploiting business opportunities are categorized in6categories or selected codes including causal conditions,main categories,strategies,contexts, environmental conditions,and outcomes via social networks and the final model of the research was extracted from the interviews. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Developing a Native Model for Recognizing and Exploiting Entrepreneurial Opportunities in the field of e-commerce
Mohsen Varzeshkar Morteza Mousakhani Ali Davari Kambiz HeydarzadehThe concept of opportunities and factors influencing the identification and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities is one of the central aspects of the subject matter of entrepreneurship as an interdisciplinary scientific domain. Awareness of effective factors an MoreThe concept of opportunities and factors influencing the identification and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities is one of the central aspects of the subject matter of entrepreneurship as an interdisciplinary scientific domain. Awareness of effective factors and methods of identifying entrepreneurial opportunities as a first step in the entrepreneurial process has a decisive role in choosing profitable opportunities and avoiding failures in the entrepreneurial process. Despite studies on this subject, however, due to its impact on environmental variables and indigenous conditions, ambiguities can be identified in this regard. Considering the need of many potential entrepreneurs to identify effective factors as well as understanding how to identify and exploit opportunities, this study aims to provide a native model that meets the ecosystem conditions of Iran to identify and exploit opportunities. In order to achieve the main and the secondary goals of the research, as well as the response to the research, the mixed method research has been used. So that at the first step, the qualitative method and deep interviews tools used for the generation of the model, and in the second step, the quantitative method and questionnaire tool is used to collect information from companies active in the field of e-commerce in order to validate the model. In This research, online retail is selected as the subject of study and its achievements in these types of businesses and in the context of Iran can be analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - Customer Social Interactions in Digital Media & its Impact on Discovering Corporate Entrepreneurship Opportunities
Ali Ghavami Asghar Sarrafizadeh Ali Badizadeh Akbar Alem TabrizWith the technological dominance of the contemporary living world, social and economic interactions have also changed and Digital Media has become an important platform for entrepreneurship, self-expression (branding), marketing and display of social character and lifes MoreWith the technological dominance of the contemporary living world, social and economic interactions have also changed and Digital Media has become an important platform for entrepreneurship, self-expression (branding), marketing and display of social character and lifestyle. in this kind of circumstances; Understanding the needs, feelings, tastes and behaviors of customers and also understanding their differences with the aim of optimally allocating resources to them, is the most important challenge of Corporate Entrepreneurship.The purpose of this study is to identify market needs (identifying entrepreneurial opportunities) by analyzing users' social interactions in digital media and meeting these needs by the corporate and the innovation used in it is Corporate Entrepreneurship by analyzing the actions and reactions of digital media users. Therefore, this research is "exploratory-applied and qualitative" after reviewing the literature and research background and using the Delphi technique; Provides a conceptual model for Corporate Entrepreneurship so that corporates can analyze the social interactions of their digital media users; Take action to improve CRM as well as discover entrepreneurial opportunities. Using this conceptual model, corporates are able to identify digital media users who have been influenced by published content to take advantage of these actions and responses to drive them to Corporate Entrepreneurship and product purchasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - Investment as an opportunity cost of dividend messaging
Amir mohammadzadeh alireza yousefnejad mahmood nasiriAbstract: Objective: This article examines the relationship between investment opportunities and the message of future stock profitability. Method: In order to investigate the subject and test the research hypotheses, linear regression models and 1500 data of company- MoreAbstract: Objective: This article examines the relationship between investment opportunities and the message of future stock profitability. Method: In order to investigate the subject and test the research hypotheses, linear regression models and 1500 data of company-year observations in the time return of 2007 to 1399 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange have been used. Findings: The results show that managers of companies with poor investment opportunities, instead of holding cash, distribute profits among investors. They invest positive value and distribute more dividends to shareholders next year to avoid the unintended consequences of reducing dividends. Also, changes in dividends in companies with strong and weak investment opportunities make it possible to predict changes in companies' future profits in the coming years, but the previous power is not significant. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that changes in dividends contain information about the amount of investment opportunities facing the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - Providing a High Performance Human Resources Management Model in the Police Force
seyedeh sepideh mousavi tatafi davood kia kojouri gholamreza memarzadeh tehranConsidering the necessity of adopting new HR methods in a way that ensures the high performance of police force employees, the purpose of this article is to present a high performance HRM model and evaluate it in the police force of Gilan. the research method is develop MoreConsidering the necessity of adopting new HR methods in a way that ensures the high performance of police force employees, the purpose of this article is to present a high performance HRM model and evaluate it in the police force of Gilan. the research method is developmental in terms of its purpose. Also, in terms of the nature of the data, the present research is a part of mixed designs. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part consisted of scientific texts in the field of the concept of HRM and in the quantitative part, it consisted of 12 experts from the police force, who were selected by a purposeful sampling method. In the qualitative part, by using the content analysis method, dimensions, components and indicators of high performance HRM were identified. In the quantitative part, after verifying the validity of the identified indicators using the fuzzy Delphi method, using the Mikhailov hierarchical analysis method, the priority of the dimensions, components and indicators of the model in the police force of Gilan province were investigate. The presented model of high performance HRM has 3 dimensions, 15 components and 65 indicators. In addition, the rank of each of the dimensions, components and indicators in the model was determined in the police force of Gilan province and the results were reported. The managers of the police force can use the results of this research in order to improve the management of high-performance HR in the Gilan police force. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - The Impact of new Venture Strategies on Diagnose Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Entrepreneur Firms
Seyed Mahdi Alvin Davood Hosseinpour Hamed Ganjizadeh MoradLoThis study with aim of the effect of new venture strategy on diagnosis entrepreneurial opportunities in parand entrepreneurial companies writen. This study is, functional and quantitative approach and the method of data collection, correlation. The study population will MoreThis study with aim of the effect of new venture strategy on diagnosis entrepreneurial opportunities in parand entrepreneurial companies writen. This study is, functional and quantitative approach and the method of data collection, correlation. The study population will all managers in the industrial township of Tehran Province (197 ceo) are the estimated number (125-CEO) to randomly selected and studied. The Data through software Smartpls and Spss analyzed. The results showed a positive and significant impact of new venture strategy is to diagnosis entrepreneurial opportunities in entrepreneurial companies and mean variables in the study population have been evaluated at an acceptable level. The effect of three components of the independent variable (product innovation, market breadth and marketing alliance strategy) on the dependent variable (diagnosis of entrepreneurial opportunities) factors of differentiation of marketing approval but was rejected. The dimensions are impressive, the market breadth has been more effective than others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Investigate the Relationship between R&D Costs and Profitability of Companies in Kerman Province Superior Companies
Mehdi Amirzadeh Ahmad Jafarnezhad Alireza Jashireh NezhadIn new developed world, the effect of critical parameter on companies improving has considered properly. one of important subject in companies owner view's is R&D cost. in current critical situation of country and our economic life considering to priorities of econo MoreIn new developed world, the effect of critical parameter on companies improving has considered properly. one of important subject in companies owner view's is R&D cost. in current critical situation of country and our economic life considering to priorities of economical unit’s is very Necessary. According to this subject we are see in the improved countries R&d is one of most important subject’s that has intentioned .unfortunately in our country this subject has Not considered properly and many industries didn't enter in this important Category as much as need. According to primary view we can guess that the relation between parameter of this paper is exist .however doing the scientific action by Governance organization as trade, mine and industry organization and declaring result to the industrial units can be the better way to maturate the industries owner. in this paper the kerman province Superior companies evaluation based on information from,2014 based on 2013 data's .the relation between R&D cost and primer profit has evaluated. Hypothesis test showed the Meaningful relation between R&D cost and companies profitability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Examine the Relationship Between the Use of ERP Systems and Increase Opportunities for Entrepreneurship
Mohammad Mehdi Movahedi Mohammad Reza Lotfi Sharzad Freydoni KhamenehThis study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between the use of ERP system (organization resources programming) and the increase in the organization entrepreneurship opportunities. With regards to an increasing trend of competition in global markets and comp MoreThis study is an attempt to investigate the relationship between the use of ERP system (organization resources programming) and the increase in the organization entrepreneurship opportunities. With regards to an increasing trend of competition in global markets and competitive atmosphere in organizations and firms, entrepreneurship plays a key role in economic advancement as well as organization progression. There are many factors contributing to the increase in the entrepreneurship opportunities in the organization investigated in the present study by the use of ERP system due to the importance of organization information as well as the integrity of the information. In this study organizational entrepreneurship, information integration and information adjustment as three crucial indexes are investigated. The findings indicate that using ERP system leads to different module integrity from information perspective and the increase in information adaptation as well as an increase in entrepreneurship opportunities. The mean of information integrated variable is more than two other variables. The mean of information adaptive variable and the mean of entrepreneurship are standing in next positions. All three hypotheses have been accepted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Presenting a Model for Evaluation of the Critical Success Factors of Community of Practice Based in Enterprises Knowledge Base
Keyvan Shahgholian Mojtaba Zarabadi PourIn the last two decades, scientists noted that the success of an organization linked to the emphasis of knowledge. In fact, dealing intelligently with knowledge resources, is important and influential factor in organizational success. This has prompted many organization MoreIn the last two decades, scientists noted that the success of an organization linked to the emphasis of knowledge. In fact, dealing intelligently with knowledge resources, is important and influential factor in organizational success. This has prompted many organizations to manage their knowledge and used it to the best possible day. Identify key success factors of communities of practice can help organizations advance their goals. Understanding these factors can successfully organizations in needs assessment, planning, execution and implementation of knowledge management help.The aim of this study is to identify and prioritize communities of practice success factors using fuzzy hierarchical analysis technique is a knowledge-based companies in Mapna Group. After reviewing the literature and conducted fieldwork fifteen influential factors in the success of communities of practice who thus were ranked into four major groups: First: management and human resources, second: organizational factors, Third: technological factors and technological and fourth: financial and economic factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - The Influence of Social Media on Brand Commitment and Brand Loyalty
Mohammad Ali Abdolvand Elham HonarisharifPurpose :Taking the perspective of the brand community building plus the brand trust, brand commitment and loyalty literatures, our goal is to show how brand communities based on social media influence elements of the customer centric model (i. e., the relationships amo MorePurpose :Taking the perspective of the brand community building plus the brand trust, brand commitment and loyalty literatures, our goal is to show how brand communities based on social media influence elements of the customer centric model (i. e., the relationships among focal customer and brand, product, company, and other customers), brand trust, brand commitment and brand loyalty among Novin-leather customers. Methodology – A survey was conducted based on empirical study with 334 respondents among Novin-leather customers from their platforms (http://www.novinleather.com/) In the spring of 1393. Findings : We find that brand trust has a fully mediating role in converting the effects of enhanced relationships in brand community to brand loyalty and brand commitment in social media. Originality/Value – On the base of customer centric model of brand community we show how this brand community could affect brand elements and loyalty and commitment in social media and we explain the effects of centric model’s elements on trust, commitment and loyalty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - Proposing a New model to Predict Performance of Decision Making Units Based on Fuzzy stochastic Data Envelopment Analysis
Ali Yaghoubi Elham qobadiOne of the most important tools for calculating the performance of the decision making units (DMUs) is the quantitative and powerful Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique which uses the past inputs and outputs of DMUs. Inability to estimate performance, using of def MoreOne of the most important tools for calculating the performance of the decision making units (DMUs) is the quantitative and powerful Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique which uses the past inputs and outputs of DMUs. Inability to estimate performance, using of definite inputs and outputs and inappropriate distribution of weights to inputs and outputs are the weaknesses of DEA. While in the real world, the DMUs are faced with more random parameters. So, this paper presents a new model to predict efficiency of DMUs based on stochastic data envelopment analysis in fuzzy environment, in which by integrating the random effects of environmental factors on inputs and outputs to resolve the problems. Finally, this paper presents a real application of the proposed model in banking industry for predicting the efficiency of branches. The results will be compared with the real efficiencies of branches. The high correlation between predicted and actual results indicates the accuracy of the proposed model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - Presenting a Joint Replenishment-location Model Under all-units Quantity Discount and Solving by Genetic Algorithm and Harmony Search Algorithm
Reza Abdollahi Sharbabaki Seyed Hamidreza Pasandideh -
Open Access Article
422 - Steam System Optimization at Palm Oil Mill: Case Study in Sabah, Malaysia
M D Ibrahim S A Najamudin S S Lam -
Open Access Article
423 - A Multi-Periodic Multi-Product Inventory Control Problem with Discount: GA Optimization Algorithm
Seyed Mohsen Mousavi Seyed Hamidreza Pasandideh -
Open Access Article
424 - Forming the Territorial Communities' Local Budgets in Ukraine Under Decentralization: Current Condition and Management Tasks
Khrystyna Patytska Olena Panukhnyk Nazariy Popadynets Irina Kramarenko -
Open Access Article
425 - Presenting a biological attitude model in order to improve community health using the data foundation method
Sara Firuzian Alireza Esmaeili Rahmat alh Amir ahmadi Mohammad reza NaeimiThe purpose of this study was to provide a model of biological attitudes in order to improve community health using the data foundation method. The foundation data method was used to achieve the research objectives. Statistical samples of the research were selected for MoreThe purpose of this study was to provide a model of biological attitudes in order to improve community health using the data foundation method. The foundation data method was used to achieve the research objectives. Statistical samples of the research were selected for in-depth interviews from experts and professors in the fields of sociology, geography and environment. In this study, the researcher collected the required data by conducting in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The biological attitude logo was designed to improve community health and explain how the relationship between the main components and sub-components in the form of research themes. The results of the model showed that according to the designed model, "bio-responsibility" as a central category based on causal conditions, "optimal use of natural resources, use of green technologies and experienced human resources" and through strategies of "educational policy in the field of biology" Environment, environmental stimuli and incentives, research on environmental development, strengthening institutional activities "with regard to" allocation of financial resources, continuous monitoring of the implementation of environmental programs and contextual and social factors "(as a model) researcher And leads to the realization of the consequences of "preserving the environment and promoting social awareness." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - Investigating the social factors associated with women's social deprivation (Case study of women in Urmia)
Maryam Seyyedzadeh Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Mahdavi Mostafa AzkiaSocial deprivation is a fact that some people are significantly more exposed to than others. Women's groups, meanwhile, are the ones most severely affected by social exclusion. Accordingly, this study examines the sociological deprivation of women in the city of Urmia a MoreSocial deprivation is a fact that some people are significantly more exposed to than others. Women's groups, meanwhile, are the ones most severely affected by social exclusion. Accordingly, this study examines the sociological deprivation of women in the city of Urmia and its related social factors. The theoretical framework of the research is the theories of Narayan, Bourdieu, Petrick, Giddens and Dahrendorf. This research is a cross-sectional survey in terms of control of research conditions, cross-sectional, expansive, and time-based. The community was studied by women in Urmia, and 430 people were questioned by sampling the possible quotas. The findings show that social deprivation has a negative and significant relationship with each of the variables of equal opportunities, participation, skill, decision-making power, social capital, social economic base and social network(p<0/001). Multiple regression was used to explain the dependent variable, and all variables remained in the regression model and had a significant effect on the dependent variable. The coefficient of determination indicates that about 38% of the variance of women's social deprivation is explained by the independent variables in the regression equation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - Sociological look at the death of languages
Narmineh MoeinianLanguages have been born, flourished, lived, and disappeared. But nowadays they are dying with unprecedented speed. Every year 10 languages are disappeared all around the world and linguists predicted that if this situation continues, 90% of languages will be disa MoreLanguages have been born, flourished, lived, and disappeared. But nowadays they are dying with unprecedented speed. Every year 10 languages are disappeared all around the world and linguists predicted that if this situation continues, 90% of languages will be disappeared. Since cultures depend on languages, flourish with languages and continue with them, so each culture will be disappeared with death of each language, too. On the other hand, each language prepares social, economic, and ecological situation for its speakers and also provides them a special worldview. Therefore, death of language implies death of all the necessary opportunities for social and cultural life. In this article it is tried to study the death of language as cultural problem and its reasons. The methodology is documentary and the thoughts and theories of linguistics and researchers of anthropology and sociology are used and also, the recent century changes (about death of languages) in the whole countries that faced with this problem have been considered. The result shows that different psychological, geographical, economical, political, and social factors affect the death of languages. These factors include some micro reasons such as preserving the mother tongue and some macro reasons such as decreasing number of native speakers, natural phenomenon, globalization, colonialism, and role of national states. So solving this problem needs attempts and changes in both macro and micro levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Expanding theNeighborhoodConcept through the Anatomy of Community Concept
Akbar Abdollahzadeh Taraf Mustafa Behzadfar Mohammad NaqizadehThe purpose of this paper is theoretical explanation of neighborhood concept though a sociological approach and based on anatomy of community concept. Neighborhood as one of the main constituents of urban areas needs to be explained theoretically with certain characteri MoreThe purpose of this paper is theoretical explanation of neighborhood concept though a sociological approach and based on anatomy of community concept. Neighborhood as one of the main constituents of urban areas needs to be explained theoretically with certain characteristics. The related sciences of the urban studies such as urban management, urban sociology, anthropology, politics, architecture, urban design, and planning attempt to explain this concept according to their theoretical basics. So this study attempts to expand this concept with anatomy of community concept. The methodology of study is descriptive. The literature about community was reviewed, then with critical reasoning, anatomy of community formulated to two mixed branches: "spatial issue" as container and "social issue" as content. The findings of this study show that anatomy of community concept in spatial issue, with center and boundary characteristics, and in social issue, with common characteristics, social interactions, sense of belonging, organization has objective instances. So the neighborhood concept can be expanded by anatomy of community concept. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - Studying Social Classification in Islam
Nazi Abdollahpour Fariba Eskandar JafarzadehIslam, as the last religion has responded to all human needs. One of men’s fundamental questions has concerned equality and inequality of human beings based on their race, color, religion, and etc. and one of the complexities of human societies is class distinctio MoreIslam, as the last religion has responded to all human needs. One of men’s fundamental questions has concerned equality and inequality of human beings based on their race, color, religion, and etc. and one of the complexities of human societies is class distinction among different social strata. However, the question is “What differences are there between the criteria of Islam and other religions?” In some religions such as Hinduism and Zoroastrianism, the social stratification is such that an individual’s mobility from one class to another is practically impossible, or in Judaism, due to their belief in racial superiority, extra-class inequality is quite common. What should be considered is that, the social classes in Islam are not based on wealth and biological traits, and they are based on human differences regarding their talents and capabilities. That is to say, the social classes exist in order to meet the society’s numerous needs, so that it can move toward perfection and prosperity. In Islam, factors such as chastity, knowledge, and etc. cause one group to be superior to another and lead to individual’s superiority in God’s presence as well as in after life. In addition, these factors resulted in assigning greater responsibilities while they don’t involve any social, economic and class privileges or advantages. In this article, by surveying the viewpoints of some religions and of Islam, it is tried to answer the important question, “Does the social stratification in Islam result in inequality in all fields and spoiling human beings rights?” To do this, descriptive method and library survey were used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - The Discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Area of Security with an Emphasis on the Component of “National Unity among the Islamic Schools of Thought”
keyvan heidarnejad babak pourghahramani jamal BeygiThe current study, which is descriptive and has been conducted according to the analytical-descriptive methodology, attempts to explain the discourse of the Iran in the area of security with a focus on the major and important component of “national unity among the MoreThe current study, which is descriptive and has been conducted according to the analytical-descriptive methodology, attempts to explain the discourse of the Iran in the area of security with a focus on the major and important component of “national unity among the Islamic schools of thought”. In this discourse, the component of “national unity among the Islamic schools of thought” has a significant importance and status and whether it can be fulfilled or not can have positive and negative consequences, respectively. First, according to the law, all the Islamic schools of thought are supporte Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Jurisprudential attitude to the role of white marriage and the place of temporary marriage in the evolution of the laws of the family system in the Islamic society
AZADEH ZEINALI masoud raei Mohammad Bagher ameriniaThe family is the most significant foundation affecting the identity and physical health of individuals in the community. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pros and cons of white marriage and to provide an alternative approach -permanent and temporary marriage MoreThe family is the most significant foundation affecting the identity and physical health of individuals in the community. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pros and cons of white marriage and to provide an alternative approach -permanent and temporary marriages- with their jurisprudential and legal implications. Cohabitation is an abnormal, illegal, illegitimate, and anti-Islamic phenomenon which has grown as white marriage between individuals. Temporary marriage has initially created a negative image, especially in the minds of women in society, but if its real causes, conditions, and benefits are examined, we find out that marriage and its existential philosophy are crucial to Islamic society. This marriage is for those who do not qualify for permanent marriage but still have physical and sexual needs.This research is a descriptive-analytical research which has attempted in a library-based way to address most of the jurisprudential and lawful aspects of white marriage and then, distinguishing these two issues is so significant. Due to lack of religious and social legitimacy despite its prevalence and negative consequences for individual and family, the necessity and the benefits of permanent and temporary marriages as alternatives in today's society are indicated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Jurisprudential documents on the necessity of the convergence of the Muslims of the world
Akram Hashemzadeh Hossein IzadiEver since the Prophet's mission and the presentation of Islam to humanity, the Qur'an and the infallibles have always emphasized the necessity of achieving convergence between Muslims, and reformers emphasized on its realization from the very beginning of Isl MoreEver since the Prophet's mission and the presentation of Islam to humanity, the Qur'an and the infallibles have always emphasized the necessity of achieving convergence between Muslims, and reformers emphasized on its realization from the very beginning of Islam. The necessity of convergence is due to the fact that, unfortunately, harm has been caused to convergence and that is; According to the reasons that have a much lower strength and jurisprudential identity compared to the reasons for convergence, people beat the barrel of divergence. The main question of the current research is what are the jurisprudential foundations of Muslim convergence. The present article tries to comprehensively explain the issue of convergence and its necessity by using the descriptive-analytical method and by collecting information in a library and by referring to the books and articles written in this field. The results of the research show that in the discussion of convergence, reference to the book (Qur'an), Sunnah and the use of the consensus of the discoverer of the Sunnah and finally, reference to reason and the use of independent and non-independent intellectuals are pervasive and inevitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - Monetary and financial contexts of Britain's exit from the European Union
Soraya Babaei Alireza Soltan Ardeshi Sanaei Hamidreza ShirzadAbstractThe election was one of the most important events since the formation of the European Convergence and Unification Project and the worst decision in recent years in the European Union. This is a European Heritage project by former British Prime Minister David Cam MoreAbstractThe election was one of the most important events since the formation of the European Convergence and Unification Project and the worst decision in recent years in the European Union. This is a European Heritage project by former British Prime Minister David Cameron. Britain's controversial move to leave the EU, which found strong supporters and opponents in parliament, parties and even among the people, began in 2015 and was completed in 2020. Accordingly, in this article, an attempt has been made to examine the monetary-financial contexts of Brexit. Thus, the authors of the article seek to answer the question based on the descriptive-analytical method, emphasizing the integration of the theory of convergence and divergence using the collection and analysis of the obtained information. Our hypothesis has also been that the roots of the election should be sought more in British nationalism, the desire for special relations with the United States, the financial crisis in Europe and the euro, and the ambiguity in the British economic future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - The approach of the International Criminal Court regarding the criminal immunity of high-ranking government officials
javad Hoseymikhah karam janipour ghavam karimiThe immunity of high-ranking government officials from the domestic courts of other countries has led to various international procedures and approaches to immunity, responsibility, the formation of mixed criminal courts, and the use of UN Security Council capacities to MoreThe immunity of high-ranking government officials from the domestic courts of other countries has led to various international procedures and approaches to immunity, responsibility, the formation of mixed criminal courts, and the use of UN Security Council capacities to establish criminal courts between Has created a special international. In parallel with the escalation of large-scale international crime, especially during World War II and the subsequent establishment of the Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals, the principle of immunity of high-ranking government officials from international crime faced many challenges, culminating in Considered the formation of criminal courts related to the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda and finally the adoption of the Rome Statute to establish the International Criminal Court. Although the legal and judicial procedure of the Court indicates the non-acceptance of immunity arising from official position due to the commission of international crimes, but the descriptive-analytical study of this issue shows the existence of serious challenges and limitations before the Court in performing its legal duties. They can be attributed to the role of political considerations, incompatibility in rulings with acts committed, non-cooperation of member states in cooperating with the Court for various reasons, limitations on the jurisdiction and type and timing of acts committed, as well as restrictions on the relationship between the Court and The UN Security Council noted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - Reconstructing the Liberalists and Communitarians Discourse over Sandel`s Criticisms of Liberal Democracy
Ali Asghar Kazemi Hasan BojmehraniThinkers like Charles Taylor, Michael Sandel, Alsadair Maclentyre and Michael Valdez, who are called communitarians, believe that liberal attitude of a person as a self-foundation and selective subject in nature cannot guarantee the understanding of communicative and co MoreThinkers like Charles Taylor, Michael Sandel, Alsadair Maclentyre and Michael Valdez, who are called communitarians, believe that liberal attitude of a person as a self-foundation and selective subject in nature cannot guarantee the understanding of communicative and connective status of the person with social traditions and culture. Presenting a disarranged picture from the relation between person and society can lead to inadequacy in defining the human values like justice, freedom, equality, and moral virtues. Furthermore, communitarian thinkers have criticized ideas like the notion of non-textual self, impartiality of government, and universality of liberalist ideas. As an example, Sandel has followed the roots of declining of American republican idealism in procedural liberalism as an immediate result of such idealisms. In contrast, liberalists have attempted to prepare an adequate response which has brought about this academic debate between these two groups. Hence, the first aim is to reconstruct Sandel`s criticisms of liberalism. Secondly, by presenting the liberalists and communitarians arguments, Sandel`s ideas and thoughts have been investigated from a theoretical and practical perspectives. Theoretically, Sandel has analyzed the notion of non-textual self of a person and has discussed about its incongruity and its deficiency. Government impartiality and procedural liberalism has been criticized from practical view point. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Permanent Membership of Islamic Republic of Iran
Alireza Rezaie Abbas SalehiShanghai Cooperation Organization with its two permanent members (Russia and China) of UN Security Counci, having more than one-third of the world population, vast territory and economic ability, heralds a potentially powerful coalition in the future. Islamic Republic o MoreShanghai Cooperation Organization with its two permanent members (Russia and China) of UN Security Counci, having more than one-third of the world population, vast territory and economic ability, heralds a potentially powerful coalition in the future. Islamic Republic of Iran, with its present observational role in this organization and the demand to become its permanent member, leads to certain implications which within the framework and opportunities of membership facilitate the analysis of Iranian foreign policy. In this article, we aim to assess Iranian membership in this organization on four dimensions of Iranian politics, security, economic and culture. On this basis, we, first apply theoretical explanation of the origin and continuation of Shanghai Organization. Having done that, we then study the effect of Iranian membership in this organization on four foretold dimensions. Finally, probability and improbability of permanent membership of Islamic republic of Iran will be discussed and suggestions are made to the Iranian diplomatic approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - صدای جامعه –بنیان استفان هاوکینگ: بررسی کارکردی ذکر خویش در نوشتار علمی استفات هاوکینگ
داود کوهی یاسمن علینژاددر سایه توسعه مفهوم فراگفتمان، امروزه به این درک رسیده ایم که نوشتار علمی صرفا به داد و ستد معانی محتوایی نمی پردازد: آنچه که از طریق گفتمان علمی داد و ستد می شود به شدت با تبادل معانی اجتماعی و بین فردی در پیوند است. بر اساس این دیدگاه، مطالعه حاضر با استفاده از Moreدر سایه توسعه مفهوم فراگفتمان، امروزه به این درک رسیده ایم که نوشتار علمی صرفا به داد و ستد معانی محتوایی نمی پردازد: آنچه که از طریق گفتمان علمی داد و ستد می شود به شدت با تبادل معانی اجتماعی و بین فردی در پیوند است. بر اساس این دیدگاه، مطالعه حاضر با استفاده از الگوی ارائه شده توسط تنگ و جان در سال 1999 به بررسی ویژگیهای ذکر خویش در کتب علمی نوشته شده توسط استفان هاوکینگ پرداخته است. یافته های این تحقیق نشان می دهد که از میان نقش های شناسایی شده توسط تنگ و جان، نقش بازنماگر پر تکرارترین نقش ذکر خود در گفتمان استفات هاوکینگ را تشکیل می دهد. بر اساس تعریف ارائه شده از این نقش چنین نتیجه گیری شده است که این دانشمند ، پذیرش اجتماعی استدلال های خویش را به عنوان یکی از مهمترین ابزارهای متقاعد نمودن خوانندگان خویش تلقی می نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - گفتگوکاویِ نحوه پرسش معلمانِ زبان انگلیسی و بسترسازی فضای یادگیری در تعاملات کلاسی
باقر یعقوبی فاطمه مظفریدانشگاه مازندران پژوهش های انجام شده در زمینه نحوه پرسش معلمان در تعاملات کلاسی،عمدتاً کمی و معطوف به شناسایی انواع پرسش ها و نقش آنها درمرتفع ساختن ابهامات مفهومی در یادگیری بوده است. پژوهش حاضر با بهره گیری از تئوری اجتماعی- فرهنگی ویگوتسکی و دیدگاه گفتگوکاوی، به بررس Moreدانشگاه مازندران پژوهش های انجام شده در زمینه نحوه پرسش معلمان در تعاملات کلاسی،عمدتاً کمی و معطوف به شناسایی انواع پرسش ها و نقش آنها درمرتفع ساختن ابهامات مفهومی در یادگیری بوده است. پژوهش حاضر با بهره گیری از تئوری اجتماعی- فرهنگی ویگوتسکی و دیدگاه گفتگوکاوی، به بررسی کیفی رابطه ممکن بین پرسشهای معلمان زبان انگلیسی وایجاد وبستر سازی فضای یادگیری می پردازد. جهت جمع آوری داده ها، میانکنش های یازده کلاس (هفت معلم) ضبط و تصویربرداری شد؛ سپس تعاملات ضبط شده به صورت نوشتاری تهیه گردید.تحلیل نوبت به نوبت تعاملات نشان داده است که صرفا تعداد اندکی از پرسشهای معلمان فرصت های مشارکت و فضای یادگیری موثری را برای زبان آموزان ایجادمی کنند. علاوه بر این، چهار نوع پرسش موثرشناسایی شد: پرسشهایی که پاسخگویی را آسان تر می کنند، پرسشهایی که ابعاد اساسی بحث را برجسته می کنند، پرسشهایی که نظر سایر زبان آموزان را می پرسند وپرسشهای متوالی که تعامل را ادامه می دهند. مشاهدات و تحلیل ها نشان می دهد که پرسشهای معلمان تنها برای یافتن پاسخ از سوی زبان آموزان نیست بلکه آنها ابزارهای تعاملی مناسبی در جهت درک و مشارکت بیشتر زبان آموزان درتعاملات کلاسی هستند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - میزان مصونیت شغلی معلمان زبان انگلیسی در مراکز زبان و مدارس دولتی ایران
مهرنوش حاجی جلیلی مهرداد سپهری سجاد شفیعیدر سالهای اخیر ویژگیها و نگرشهای فردی معلمان مورد توجه محققان مختلف قرار گرفته است. سطح مصونیت معلم یکی از مفاهیم جدید مطرح شده در این زمینه است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تفاوت بین سطح ایمنی معلمان زبان انگلیسی ایران در مراکز زبان و مدارس دولتی انجام شد. به منظور دستی Moreدر سالهای اخیر ویژگیها و نگرشهای فردی معلمان مورد توجه محققان مختلف قرار گرفته است. سطح مصونیت معلم یکی از مفاهیم جدید مطرح شده در این زمینه است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تفاوت بین سطح ایمنی معلمان زبان انگلیسی ایران در مراکز زبان و مدارس دولتی انجام شد. به منظور دستیابی به این هدف، 100 نفر از معلمان زبان انگلیسی که در مدارس دولتی (50 نفر) و مراکز زبان (50 نفر) در اصفهان تدریس می کردند، به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس برای شرکت در این پژوهش انتخاب شدند. سپس پرسشنامه سطح مصونیت معلمان برای آنها اجرا شد و با آنها مصاحبه شد. نتایج بهدستآمده نشان داد معلمان شاغل در مدارس دولتی در مقایسه با معلمان شاغل در مراکز زبان از سطح ایمنی بالاتری برخوردار هستند. این یافته می تواند پیامدهایی برای تصمیم گیرندگان در وزارت آموزش و پرورش ایران داشته باشد تا امکانات کافی برای بهبود مصونیت معلمان در مراکز زبان فراهم کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - Semantic Study of âZoorâ Testimony and Necessity of Community Notification of âZoorâ Testifier in Islamic Law
ahmad mortazi ali asghar mousavi adel sarikhani mohsen malek afzaliZoor†testimony is one of sins and offenses in Islamic criminal law that the holy legislator of islam punish its functor with community notification of his. of course, from the semantic view there is no same definition about the “Zoor†testimony but In different o MoreZoor†testimony is one of sins and offenses in Islamic criminal law that the holy legislator of islam punish its functor with community notification of his. of course, from the semantic view there is no same definition about the “Zoor†testimony but In different opinions is defined: “falsity testimony†or “invalid testimony†or “testimony not according to the truth†or “testimony despite knowing the untruthful†and from the viewpoint of this paper its exactly define is: “person knows the truth, testifies deliberately not according to the truth or person don’t knows the truth, testifies deliberately, no matter that conforms incidentally to the truth or untruthâ€. It is emphasized that: the perpetrator of such testimony, according to the narratives)Hadiths( and rational necessity to obtaining public good created, Should be introduced to all those who are exposed his deceptive testimony. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - Judicial Analysis in Loss of Opportunity Acceptance
Jamileh Jafari Mohammad hadi Mahdavi     Loss of chance theory that related to compensation of damages because of the loss of opportunity has been posed in the world legal community for about half of a century, but there is also the issue of vote violence in this field and there are no judicial prec More     Loss of chance theory that related to compensation of damages because of the loss of opportunity has been posed in the world legal community for about half of a century, but there is also the issue of vote violence in this field and there are no judicial precedents. In Iranian law efforts to achieving the criteria for a claim of damages resulting from lost opportunity has not been made. In today's world people`s valuable opportunities that could lead to profit or disposal of harmful in the future has been taken into consideration and waste of them should not be overlooked according to common law. This study aims to find the right solution by using general rules of Fiqh (Jurisprudence) such as rule of negation of loss, wastefulness and casualty and it is based on a rational foundation. By placing it among the most valuable, convertible to money and tangible assets of individuals, the existing doubt prove liability of missed opportunity has been set aside and proper steps has been taken to prepare the appropriate legal ground for acceptance of loss of opportunity as a claim for loss compensation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Reinvistigating the Validity of the Unit Notice Using Wise Men Citation Method
Maryam Aqaei Bajestani Mohammad Rohani Moghadam Zahra Trahomi Unit notice, as one possible reason, has been considered from two main aspects in the language of principles. One is the proof of its validity, and the other is the determination of its domain which acceptance of validity is supposed to be more More Unit notice, as one possible reason, has been considered from two main aspects in the language of principles. One is the proof of its validity, and the other is the determination of its domain which acceptance of validity is supposed to be more important. Referring to the arguments of the Arbaa reasons as well as the methods of wise men, the scholars of the principles have argued against the theory that does not fully consider the unit notice as valid and as the trigger of notice and practice. Meanwhile, some have fully understood the implication of the verses on this issue and faced the challenges of method of wise men with the drawback of retribution by the lawyer. On the other hand, some have considered the method of the wise men as the only reason for the validity of the unit notice, and by attaching related narratives as validity from the lawyer have tried to prove the authority of unit notice. Some others, while accepting the implications of the verse of Al-Naba Surah, have considered the method of wise men as one of the reasons for the authority of the unit notice. In this paper, we will examine the integrity of the rationale for the validity of the unit notice through examining the principles and searching for the status of the wise men in proving the authority of the unit notice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - Disqualification of a Public Authority Based on the Authority of a Unit News
vahid lavasani Abbasali SalehiThe unit news is considered as one of the suspicions of two directions for proving the proof and the realm of authenticity. Some, referring to the appearance of some quranic verses, consider following the unit news as the case for following the opinions of the quran whi MoreThe unit news is considered as one of the suspicions of two directions for proving the proof and the realm of authenticity. Some, referring to the appearance of some quranic verses, consider following the unit news as the case for following the opinions of the quran which is subject to the quranic verses. Well - known rulers have restricted the credit range of the unit news of the issues should be made by binet, in which justice and multiplicity are conditions. One of the most important applications of the unit is the study of public jurisdiction. The main question of this research is whether the general competences of individuals by citation of the most important applications of the unit is the study of public competencies. The main question of this research is whether the general competences of individuals are denied by the unit news? Research in the main sources and also on the basis of field research has been done, from the viewpoint of experts in the process of selection and implementation of qualifications, news of the unit lacks value and validity, but some of them consider the time and position required for the candidate. According to the conditions and characteristics of the narrator or the sources of research, they consider it as a symmetric and more investigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - The effect of nano-selenium particles and sodium selenite on humoral immunity indices of quails using foods contaminated with aflatoxin B1
Ebrahim Talebi Afsaneh Abedi Ehsan Rahimi Maryam KhosravinezhadThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of inhibition of aflatoxin B1 by various sources of selenium and to compare the effect of nano selenium and sodium selenite on humoral immunity of quails. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized desig MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of inhibition of aflatoxin B1 by various sources of selenium and to compare the effect of nano selenium and sodium selenite on humoral immunity of quails. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design (CRD) using six treatments and four replicates of ten quail chicks per replicate. Two hundred forty quails were divided in six groups vis. control: without aflatoxin B1 and without selenium. Group2: 1ppm aflatoxin B1 and without selenium. Group3: 1 ppm aflatoxin B1 and 0.3 ppm nano selenium. Group4: 1 ppm aflatoxin B1 and 0.3 ppm sodium selenite. Group5: 1 ppm aflatoxin B1 and 0.6 ppm nano selenium. Group6: 1ppm aflatoxin B1 and 0.6 ppm sodium selenite. To evaluate the humoral immunity response 0.2­ml of sheep red blood cell (SRBC) solution was injected into breast muscle of quails at day 35 and blood sampling was conducted after a week. Newcastle vaccine was injected at day 28 and the antibody titer was determined after two weeks. The highest level of titer of antibody against the SRBC solution was related to the group which received 0.06 ppm nano selenium (p<0.01). These results indicated that nano selenium in comparison with selenium selenite can improve humoral immunity and blood biochemical parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - A survey on the effects of passive immunity transfer in newborn calves fed with heated colostrum
masoud milandarreh saeed azimpourIn cattle, small quantity of immunoglobulins is transferred to fetus through the placenta, so their transfer from colostrum is very important. Failure of passive immunity transfer is one of the main factors causing the susceptibility of newborn calves to various disease MoreIn cattle, small quantity of immunoglobulins is transferred to fetus through the placenta, so their transfer from colostrum is very important. Failure of passive immunity transfer is one of the main factors causing the susceptibility of newborn calves to various diseases, especially diarrhoea. However, due to the presence of some pathogens, especially bacteria in colostrum, some researchers recommend the use of heated colostrum. The reduction of pathogenic bacteria in heated colostrum may increase immunoglobulins absorption. However, some evidence indicate that immunoglobulin absorption was reduced after heating colostrum. The aim of this study was to compare serumic levels of albumin, total protein, and total globulin in the blood of newborn calves, before and after feeding of heated colostrum at 63˚C for 30 minutes. For this purpose, 28 newborn calves were divided into two groups of control and treatment. Two liters of heated colostrum was fed to the treatment group twice a day and the same amount of normal colostrum was given to the control group. Blood samples were taken of all calves immediately after birth and 48 hours after that. The results showed a higher concentration of total protein and globulin in the control group in comparison to the treatment group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in albumin concentration. Lower concentration of total protein and globulin is probably due to denaturation of globulins. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Effect of supplementing ascorbic acid, vitamin E and betaine on the performance, immune response and blood parameters in broiler
S.M MotamediIn order to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E and betaine on performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted with completely randomized block design consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 30 chicks i MoreIn order to investigate the effects of vitamins C and E and betaine on performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chickens, an experiment was conducted with completely randomized block design consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates with 30 chicks in each replicate. The groups were assigned to receive the treatment diets as follows: diet with no feed additive (control); diet supplemented with vitamin C; diet supplemented with vitamin E; diet supplemented with betaine; diet supplemented with vitamin E and betaine; diet supplemented with vitamin E, vitamin C and betaine. Body weight, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality were determined over the course of the experiment. At 35 days of age, two birds per replicate were randomly selected and 2 ml blood sample was collected to measure plasma concentration of T3 and T4 hormones. IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC were also determined at 28 days of age. Body weight, FI and FCR were not affected by different treatments over the course of the study. Broilers fed diet supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E and betaine showed the highest survival percentage and production index as compared with the other treatments. But it was not significantly different with the control group. IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC, hematocrit percentage and plasma concentration of T3 and T4 also were not affected by different dietary treatments. The results of this experiment showed that there were no significant differences among the treatments in the performance, immune response and blood parameters of broiler chicken. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Comparative study of the effect of Immunowall and Avilamycin on antibody titre against Newcastle B1 vaccine in broiler chickens
افشین Zakeri سعید Charkhkar Sh Zakeri بهرام Reihani The purpose of the present study was to comparatively investigate the effect of Avilamycin and Immunowall on the improvement of humoral immunity in boiler chickens. In this study, 360 cobb broiler chickens were divided into three similar groups More The purpose of the present study was to comparatively investigate the effect of Avilamycin and Immunowall on the improvement of humoral immunity in boiler chickens. In this study, 360 cobb broiler chickens were divided into three similar groups of 120 chickens with four replicates of 30 chickens in each group. In the first and second experimental groups, 1 kg/ton of Immunowall and Avilamycin respectively were added to the basic diet while in the third control group only the basic diet was used. On days 9, 17 and 25 of the breeding period (corresponding to 1 day before and 7 and 14 days after the first Newcastle B1 vaccination), 40 chickens were randomly chosen in each experimental group, their blood samples collected, and then serum antibody titres of these chickens against the Newcastle vaccine were measured by HI test. After stastistical analysis using ANOVA and Duncans’s multiple range test, the results of serum antibody titres by HI test on day 9 of the breeding period was not statistically significant. The results of HI test on day 17 of the breeding period (5.01 ± 0.32, 5.27 ± 0.27 and 5.13 ± 0.20 in the control and experimental groups 1 and 2 respectively) was also statistically not significant. The HI test results on day 25 of the breeding period (5.04 ± 0.44, 5.87 ± 0.47 and 5.61 ± 0.41 in the control and experimental groups 1 and 2 respectively) indicated significant statistical differences (P<0.05) between experimental groups 1 and 2 and the conrol group. However, there were no significant differences between the two experimental groups although serum antibody titres in experimental group 1 (Immunowall) showed 0.26 log increase compared to experimental group 2 (Avilamycin). Immunowall as a natural product is notably capable of improving anti B1 antibody production in response to Newcastle B1 vaccine and as it does not leave any drug residues in poultry meat, it can be a suitable alternative to growth promoting generation of antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - Investigation on the effects of different levels of peppermint (Mentha piprita), thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and saturea (Satureia hortensis) medicinal plants on performance, egg quality, blood and immunity parameters of laying hens
علی Nobakht داوود Behshti جعفر PishjanghThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different mixtures of peppermint, thyme and saturea medicinal plants on performance, egg quality and blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. Experiment was conducted in a completely randomized de MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different mixtures of peppermint, thyme and saturea medicinal plants on performance, egg quality and blood biochemical and immunity parameters of laying hens. Experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 192 of laying hens in 4 treatments and 4 replicates (with 12 hen in each replicate) for 12 weeks and included: control group without using any medicinal plants, group 2 using 2% of medicinal plants (50% of peppermint, 25% thyme and 25% of saturea), group 3 (25% of peppermint, 50% thyme and 25% of sature) and group 4 (25% of pepermint, 25% thyme and 50% of sature). Results showed that the use of different medicinal plants mixture has significant effects on performance, biochemical parameters, percent of heterophils and ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (p<0.05). The overall results of the present study indicate that in laying hens with using the mixture of medicinal plants like 3 experimental groups, the improvement of performance, blood parameters and immunity level is possible Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - The effect of yeast beta-glucan on respiratory brust of heterophils in broiler chickens
علی Kargary Rezapour مهسا Ali-Hossein Maslak, سجاد Soleimany افشین ZakeriThe use of food additives to boost the immune system of broiler chickens is a new froutier for scientists. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted to study the effects of the yeast beta-glucan on respiratory burst potential (nitro-blue MoreThe use of food additives to boost the immune system of broiler chickens is a new froutier for scientists. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted to study the effects of the yeast beta-glucan on respiratory burst potential (nitro-blue tetrazolium test) of heterophils as an indicator of innate immunity in broiler chickens. This was done by using 162 one-day old broilers. Experimental factors were as following: beta-glucan levels (levels of 0, 0.04 and 0.08% of basal diet) and sex (male and female broilers). At the end of the study blood sample were taken from each replicate of every treatment and nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction test performed. The results showed that beta-glucan in a level of 0.04% of basal diet significantly increased nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction test of heterophils (p<0.05). The mean value of respiratory burst was also significantly higher in males compared to females (p<0.05). But, the interaction between two mentioned factors (beta-glucan and sex) was not statistically significant. Thus, considering the respiratory burst index, beta-glucan in a level of 0.04% of basal diet may improve innate immunity of broiler chickens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - Effect of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) herbs on immunity and some blood metabolites in broiler chicks
omid fanimakki ahmad ebrahimzade hossein ansarinik mahmoud ghazaghiThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of two herbs (Thyme and Milk thistle seed) on immunity and some blood metabolites in broiler chickens. In this study, 160 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were used. They were randomly assigned to four treatments, MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of two herbs (Thyme and Milk thistle seed) on immunity and some blood metabolites in broiler chickens. In this study, 160 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were used. They were randomly assigned to four treatments, with 4 replicates and 10 birds in each unit. The birds were reared on litter for 21 days. Group T1 was kept as a control, the other treatments received feed containing milk thistle and thyme seeds for 3 weeks, i.e. (T2) Milk thistle seed (200 mg kg-1); (T3) Thyme seed (200 mg kg-1); (T4) a combination of thistle and thyme seed added to the basal diet (200 + 200 mg kg-1). There were no significant differences in IgA, IgG, IgM, liver enzymes activity (AST, ALT and GGT), HI titer values against Newcastle, Influenza, Bronchitis and Gambru disease virus in broilers fed different levels of herbs after challenge with (sheep red blood cells-sRBCs) (8 Percent). The results showed that with combination of milk thistle and thyme seeds in poultry diets, some variables in serum (total protein, globulin, albumin and HDL) were increased and cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride were decreased compared to control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the lymphocyte and heterophil counts, were increased in birds fed a combination of diets (P < 0.05). In conclusion, use of thyme and milk thistle seeds, and particularly their combination had improved some blood metabolites and decreased harmful fatty acids in blood of broiler chicks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - Evaluation of the Curriculum Status of the Undergraduate Course in Elementary education at Farhangian University from a Community-based Perspective
Elham Hosseini nasab Mahnaz Jalalvandi Faezeh NateghiThe aim of the present study is Evaluation of the current status of the implemented curriculum of the Bachelor of Elementary Education of Farhangian University from the Community-based according to Harden's model which was carried out by the synthesis research method. I MoreThe aim of the present study is Evaluation of the current status of the implemented curriculum of the Bachelor of Elementary Education of Farhangian University from the Community-based according to Harden's model which was carried out by the synthesis research method. In the qualitative part of in this research, by searching and collecting the theoretical and research background on the subject, we tried to identify and represent the desired concepts through their combination and identify the subjects that are suitable for the community-based.The statistical population of the research includes professors, students, and graduates of the Bachelor of Elementary Education in Farhangian University campuses which was done with the cluster sampling method and with the principle of randomness, 4 provinces were selected as samples and data collection was done through a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the tool was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 the validity of the instrument was checked and confirmed by the opinion of experts and the findings of factor analysis. The research findings showed: In terms of Harden`s community based, is at a low level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Health and Effectiveness of School Administrators in Tehran
Mehdi ShariatmadariThis study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational health and effectiveness of school administrators in 5th district of Tehran Education Office. The target population of the project consisted of 3509 elementary, guidance and high school teachers of g MoreThis study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational health and effectiveness of school administrators in 5th district of Tehran Education Office. The target population of the project consisted of 3509 elementary, guidance and high school teachers of governmental school in 5th district of Tehran and according to Morgan Sample Size Table 346 teachers were selected as the sample of the study using a simple random sampling and a multi- stage cluster sampling. The research method of the study is correlation. For the purpose of data collection two questionnaires: the Organizational Health Institute (OHI) standard questionnaires and the Standard Effectiveness questionnaire were used. Content Validity and Reliability were obtained using existing resources and experts' opinions and by conducting a pilot study Cronbach Alpha was calculated 0.89 for OHI questionnaire and 0.91 for the Standard Effectiveness questionnaire. To study the aspects of organizational health, a model that divides organizational health to six parts: structuralizing, observation, supporting-source, morale, scientific emphasis and institutional unity was used ; based on the findings of data analysis in this research, all aspects of organizational health are correlated to each other. and to study effectiveness, a model was used which has six dimensions namely: leadership, assisting students, constructional relationship with parents, proper dealing with teachers and skills in evaluating personnel and administration of schools affairs from teachers viewpoint. Furthermore, the relationships between organizational health aspects and effectiveness dimensions were investigated in this study. The findings of the research indicate that there are significant relations between organizational health aspects and effectiveness dimensions. Therefore, if the administrators try to apply methods which could improve organizational health, effectiveness in all aspects would also improve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - Designing an Opportunity-Evaluating Model for Software Entrepreneurship in Conditions of Uncertainty: a Fuzzy Approach
Shiva MehdizadehAghdam Jahangir Yadollahi Farsi Narges ImanipourChoosing a suitable opportunity in conditions of uncertainty is a common problem for entrepreneurs. The software startup procedure is particularly vulnerable to extreme uncertainty and competition; therefore, analyzing opportunities and threats is critical for software MoreChoosing a suitable opportunity in conditions of uncertainty is a common problem for entrepreneurs. The software startup procedure is particularly vulnerable to extreme uncertainty and competition; therefore, analyzing opportunities and threats is critical for software entrepreneurs. Hence, the present study aims to identify the criteria of uncertainty in evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities in technology-driven businesses of the software industry with a fuzzy approach using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of the research includes experts in the software industry. In this regard, first, a theoretical basis was obtained by examining the background. Second, we performed semi-structured interviews and extracted and coded 115 phrases. Third, after combining the general and subsidiary phrases, we reached 84 phrases, and by combining similar phrases, we selected 29 phrases. Forth, after categorizing those phrases, we determined the six axes of uncertainty and used the fuzzy Ahp technique and Geometric Buckley averaging in Microsoft Excel to rank those six axes as follows: 1-uncertainty in resources, 2-uncertainty in competition, 3-technological uncertainty, 4-political uncertainty, 5-uncertainty in agents, and 6-customer uncertainty. Finally, the model of evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities in conditions of uncertainty was designed using a fuzzy approach in the software industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - The Analytical Study of Content Factors Affecting the Establishment of Knowledge Management in Iran National Oil Company’s Central Units
Adel Salavati Fereshte HaghnazarIn recent years, knowledge management has been an important and critical matter in the success of organizations to the extent that their effectiveness depends on their ability to establish, store, transfer, and use this knowledge. However, most of the organizations are MoreIn recent years, knowledge management has been an important and critical matter in the success of organizations to the extent that their effectiveness depends on their ability to establish, store, transfer, and use this knowledge. However, most of the organizations are not yet prepared enough for the successful application of Knowledge management. Content factors have a key role in the successful establishment of knowledge management in organizations. The purpose of this research is to study the content factors of knowledge management including organizational structure, organizational culture and information technology in the central units of Iran National Oil Company. In this regard, a questionnaire consisting of 56 questions was devised, and its validity was confirmed. The research sample consists of 240 staff members of the central units taken by random sampling. The results indicate that in the central units of Iran National Oil Company, organizational structure and organizational culture, compared to information technology, have less capacity to apply knowledge management Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - Recognition the risk roots in constructional projects and the methods of their management. (A case study)
Mansoor Khaksar reza shafei Bahare allah VisiThere are many ambiguous and unknown features in running and management of different projects especially in constructional projects. Which is called uncertainty? This study tries to recognize the uncertainty cases in constructional projects, then categorize them in risk MoreThere are many ambiguous and unknown features in running and management of different projects especially in constructional projects. Which is called uncertainty? This study tries to recognize the uncertainty cases in constructional projects, then categorize them in risk and opportunities to be analyzed so as to design a plan to encounter risks in a proper way and use the opportunities in time. It is a survey and field research. The statistical population was the consulting and construction corporations active in sanandije. The data was gathered through a questionnaire according the standards in risk management (in particular PMBok) and their steps were analyzed. The constructional project dimensions were explained by introducing nine duties of project manager. The findings showed 36 risk items in six categories: technical and technological, work conditions, economical and financial, organizational, sociocultural. The effect of each one of them on project objectives and the importance of each risk was measured. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - The Effect of Investment Opportunities, Growth and Capital Productivity on Firm Performance of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange
Heidar Mohammadzadeh SaltehInvestors seek to maximize their wealth. Growth opportunities are the driving force that give motivation and are considered bonus for investors. What in the current situation will lead to success is the optimum use of the available investment opportunities in order to i MoreInvestors seek to maximize their wealth. Growth opportunities are the driving force that give motivation and are considered bonus for investors. What in the current situation will lead to success is the optimum use of the available investment opportunities in order to identify the factors affecting the firm's performance. Timely and rational use of investment opportunities by business units has a significant effect on performance improvement. Firm growth, from the perspective of capital market and management is an important variable and can be effective on firm performance. Therefore, in this research, the effect of investment opportunities and growth on firm performance of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange has been studied. The statistical population includes the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange, out of each a statistical sample of 134 corporates was selected by systematic elimination sampling method. The period under review was a 5-year period (2007-2011) and the hypotheses in this research were tested by using combined data (panel). The results show that investment opportunities do not affect firm performance, and firm growth has a positive and significant effect on return on asset but does not affect market value added. Also, capital productivity has a positive and significant effect on firm performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - Investigating theFarelated to Job Satisfaction and the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Climate among the Staff of in Islamic Azad University, Damavand Branch
Pooya Saffari Samad Ayaz Mohammad Ali DoaeeThe main purpose of this study is to investigating the factors related to job satisfaction and the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational climate among the staff of Islamic Azad University, The study is a descriptive survey. The statistical population MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigating the factors related to job satisfaction and the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational climate among the staff of Islamic Azad University, The study is a descriptive survey. The statistical population imcludes 132 individuals of the staff of the Islamic Azad University, Damavand Branch. Because of the the limited number of the subjects all of them were selected as the research sample. The library method and a questionnaire were used to collects data. In order toanalyze the data and to measure the correlation we used spearman's correlation test and multi-variable regression test. For the statistical calculations spss Software was used. The results of data analysis showed that there is a correlation between the nature of the work, the managers' characteristics, salaries and benefits, the colleagues' characteristics, promotion conditions, and job satisfaction. Also, according to results, there is a significant relationship between satisfaction with the above variables and organizational climate. Finally based on research findinge some suggestions have been presented to increase the job satisfaction of the university saff. The research was carried out using the Islamic Azad University's research funds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - The Study of Personnel's Quality of Work Life in Islamic Azad University _ Tabriz Branch
AsadAllah Khadivi Hasan Aliye The basic purpose of this study has been to investigate the state and quality of the staff's work life in Islamic Azad university of Tabriz. The Research method is descriptive survey.The statistical population includes 851 people of regular and More The basic purpose of this study has been to investigate the state and quality of the staff's work life in Islamic Azad university of Tabriz. The Research method is descriptive survey.The statistical population includes 851 people of regular and contract staff ofIslamic Azad University of Tabriz. The sampling volume was 251 using Cochran formula, and sampling was carried out according to the proportional and partial random sampling method. The validity of the measurement tools of inquiry has been confirmed by the educational experts.In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbachs Alpha – test was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated as 0.93. The statistical test results showed: 1- The quality level of Tabriz Azad university staff's work life was rated mediocre. All components of the life state (such as: Adequate and Fair Salary ؛Safe and Healthy Working Conditions ؛ Opportunity for Continued Growth and Security, Constitutionalism in the Organization; The Social Relevance of Work life; Total Life Space) except the component of total life general space are mediocre and the last-mentioned component was rated as low. 2- There was no significant difference between their marital status and the quality of work life. 3- There was a significant relationship between their age and quality of work life. 4- There was a significant relationship between their work experience and the quality of work life. 5- There was a significant relationship between sex and the quality of work life. 6- There was a significant difference between the present and ideal status of the quality of work life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - Investigating the Relationship between Multiple Intelligence and General Self-efficiency of the Personnel in Producing, Commercial, and Industrial Units
Serus Fakhimi Azar Mohammad reza NoroziThe main purpose of the present research is to investigate the relationship between multiple intelligent and general self-efficiency of the personnel in the producing, commercial, and industrial units of East Azarbaijan Province. For this purpose, multiple intelligence MoreThe main purpose of the present research is to investigate the relationship between multiple intelligent and general self-efficiency of the personnel in the producing, commercial, and industrial units of East Azarbaijan Province. For this purpose, multiple intelligence based on Howard Gardner's theory including eight dimensions and Mathias and Ralph's theory of self- efficiency were chosen as the theoretical framework, and standard questionnaires were used for both theories. In this regard, one main hypothesis and eight sub-hypotheses were stated. The statistical population includes the personnel of the producing, commercial, and industrial units of East Azarbayjan Province, from among whom 100 people were selected as research sample. Also, for the analysis of the data collected from the standard questionnaires, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. In other words, descriptive statistical method was used for classifying, summarizing, and interpreting the statistical data, and inferential statistics was employed to test the hypotheses. The obtained results indicate the relationship between multiple intelligence and general self-efficiency of the personnel in the mentioned producing, commercial, and industrial units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - The Effect of Codification of General Policies for Service-Educational Benefit Organizations
Hamed Jafar Zanjani Hassan AkbariSome of the well-known or developing countries have distinguished status in the field of higher education in international competition. Most of the service-education institutes were pioneers in the past, but they are no longer very famous. Many of the experts in the sci MoreSome of the well-known or developing countries have distinguished status in the field of higher education in international competition. Most of the service-education institutes were pioneers in the past, but they are no longer very famous. Many of the experts in the science of management and planning, such as Fred R. David and Hangar believe that the solution to organizational challenges should be found in concepts such as goals, policy, mission and strategic policies of an institute. Planning is a process that has specified inter-connected stages for producing a coherent output in the format of a system of decisions. According to this definition, temporary and non-continuous decisions and policy-makings to lead the organization through the present and future time are not considered planning. Most plannings, based on the rational approach, have the following format: ideals and goals-projects and procedures-required resources. In models such as Brisson's Model, Hill's, BCG Model, and GE Model…, first of all, the ideals and goals of the organization are explained; then, the necessary projects and procedures are specified; and finally, the required resources are provided. Changes in the environmental conditions, policies, approaches, perspectives, structures, systems, etc. are the factors that can affect the ideals and goals of planning and ultimately changes the program. These conditions led to the thought that in planning, it should be possible to change the course of movement according to the changes, and to adopt a new route of action. With regard to the this approach, it will be possible to make organized decisions in order to attain strategic goals and to perform actions that will shape the nature of the organization, the type of the activities, and the reason for performing those activities by the organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - A Comparative Study of Traditional Costing and Activity – Based Costing in Iran Tractor Forging Co.
Rasool Baradaran Hasanzadeh Mirjavad Seyed nejhadIn this Research , Activity-Based Costing (ABC) system was used in the forging company and the similar companies for calculating the cost of the products and also presenting the proper information to help the managers take proper decisions. So, first of all, the availab MoreIn this Research , Activity-Based Costing (ABC) system was used in the forging company and the similar companies for calculating the cost of the products and also presenting the proper information to help the managers take proper decisions. So, first of all, the available costing of the company was analyzed and then the cost of the product was calculated according to the existing system of the company. After these steps, we proceeded to design the ABC system appropriate for the company. For this purpose,the various activities which were taken in the production and services units were identified and classified in four levels as the activity, the product unit , the product band and the factory. Afterwards,the cost of ptoduct was calculated according to ABC method,and the cost of product in both methods was compared. The results are as follows: The activity-based costing system causes more precise and accurate allotment of the overhead expenses in Iran Tractor Forging company. So, the cost of the materials and wages is directly allocated to the products as it is used in the traditional method. And another result which was obtained from this system is the difference in the gross profit for each product. The hypotheses of this research include : Main hypothesis : There is the possibility of ABC system use in the company. Secondary hypothesis 1: There is a difference between unit cost according to activity-based costing and traditional system. Secondary hypothesis 2: There is a difference between unit gross income according to activity based costing system and traditional system. In this research the statistical method T-test was used besides the results gained from the analysis and comparison of the ABC system and traditional system.The main conclusion is that the secondary hypotheses 1 and 2 are rejected,and the main hypothesis is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
462 - A Study on the Attitude of Students of I.A.U of Religion 11 on National Unity and Islamic Unification
Mostafa Baghbanian Borzo Morovat -
Open Access Article
463 - The Sociological Effects of Internet on Educational Opportunity among Students
Masoomeh Motlaq -
Open Access Article
464 - The Family Background of Inequality in Educational Opportunities (A case Study of female high school students in Ahar
Ali Ghasemi Ardahey Abolghasem Heydarabadi Nayyer Rostami -
Open Access Article
465 - Detection of Communities on Social Networks Based on Label Propagation Algorithm and Fuzzy Methods
Mohsen Chekin Amin MehranzadehThe proliferation of the web and social networks has made people more connected to their friends and neighbors than ever before. The desire of individuals to relate to similar tastes and choices in a social network leads to the formation of clusters or virtual communiti MoreThe proliferation of the web and social networks has made people more connected to their friends and neighbors than ever before. The desire of individuals to relate to similar tastes and choices in a social network leads to the formation of clusters or virtual communities. Such information can be useful for commercial, educational or developmental purposes and therefore a large number of algorithms for detecting communities have been presented. There are many algorithms for detecting communities on social networks. In this paper, using the label propagation algorithm and fuzzy Delphi method, an improved method is presented that can identify communities more accurately and quickly than other similar methods. Accordingly, in the proposed algorithm, instead of randomly selecting from the maximum labels of the neighboring nodes, the label with the highest weight is chosen. By doing this, random selection is eliminated, and stability and certainty in the outcomes of the algorithm are achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - The ideal person, community and city from the Perspective of Allameh Tabatabai
Roohollah Oshriyeh Hassan Sattari Sarbangholi Mohammadreza Pakdel Fard Aziz Javanpoor HerviUndoubtedly, Allameh Tabatabai is one of the greatest philosophers of the school of transcendental wisdom in the present, he tried a lot in explaining the theoretical framework and interpretation of this wisdom, and on the other hand, has thought and meditated a lot on MoreUndoubtedly, Allameh Tabatabai is one of the greatest philosophers of the school of transcendental wisdom in the present, he tried a lot in explaining the theoretical framework and interpretation of this wisdom, and on the other hand, has thought and meditated a lot on the social aspects and the relationship between society and the individual. It is remarkable. In most of his works, he expressed what and how the relationship between the individual and society is, which shows the importance of the subject for him. He believes that individuals and human society cannot be separated, and the necessity of being human is to be social, and a person reaches happiness, excellence and perfection when he is in society and has an active presence in it. This is important and vital for every member of the society regardless of whether they are men or women. This research with a qualitative approach, using the foundation's data conceptualization strategy, has examined the individual, society and the ideal city from the perspective of Tabatabai in the form of reviewing his authored books. The research method was qualitative and based on analytical-descriptive strategy based on library studies. Paying attention to the community while paying attention to the individual, social nature of man, attention to individual and social reason, cooperation and cooperation of society, the role and place of women in society and the collective movement towards perfection among citizens are some of the special issues of this philosopher's attention. Famous has been favorable for the individual, the community and the city. The main emphasis of the community and the ideal city in the thinking of this thinker is to monitor the progress of improving attention to the material and spiritual life of citizens and sufficient attention to spiritual and spiritual affairs in urban spaces Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - Evaluating and prioritizing new methods of marketing health products in the elderly community (Case study of AJA retirees)
MohammadReza Rostami Maryam Mosleh Babak Maleki -
Open Access Article
468 - Evaluating the Production Materials Suppliers of Saipa Industrial Group by Using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)
A. Javadinia A. Gholam Abri -
Open Access Article
469 - برنامه ریزی نیروی انسانی به روش زنجیره مارکوف (مطالعه موردی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد فیروزکوه)
ملیحه صحراییمقاله حاضر با هدف پیش بینی و تعیین عرضه خالص نیروی انسانی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد فیروزکوه برای یک دوره معین انجام شده است. لذا به کمک تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات گذشته منابع انسانی، از روش مدل زنجیره مارکوف استفاده شده است و در نهایت تعداد نیروی انسانی، ورود و خروج و همچنین Moreمقاله حاضر با هدف پیش بینی و تعیین عرضه خالص نیروی انسانی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد فیروزکوه برای یک دوره معین انجام شده است. لذا به کمک تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات گذشته منابع انسانی، از روش مدل زنجیره مارکوف استفاده شده است و در نهایت تعداد نیروی انسانی، ورود و خروج و همچنین کمبود و مازاد در هر یک از واحدها و پست های مختلف سازمانی برای 5 سال آینده ( از 1390 تا 1394) پیش بینی شده است و بدین ترتیب تصویر روشنی از وضعیت نیروی انسانی از لحاظ ارتقاء، تنزل، انتقال، استخدام و ترک خدمت کارکنان برای تصمیم گیری مدیران فراهم شده است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل کلیه کارکنان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد فیروزکوه میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - Economic and technical evaluation of ground skidding in the logs exploitation system with Timber Jack and Clark Ranger
farshad keivanbehjo zeynab poorgholiThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the economic (production and cost) and technical (limitations) of current exploitation is to provide suggestions for increasing productivity and reducing forest exploitation costs. This study was carried out in parcel 237 of C MoreThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the economic (production and cost) and technical (limitations) of current exploitation is to provide suggestions for increasing productivity and reducing forest exploitation costs. This study was carried out in parcel 237 of Chafroud, Shanderman watershed. For this purpose, the study of production and cost in the method of skidding system logs using two machines Timber Jack 450C and Clark Ranger 666 BDS was performed. The results of time studies and regression analysis indicate that each turning time of skidding with Timber Jack 450C have the greatest effect on the distance from the skidding distance, winching distance and interaction between skidding distance and skid slope, while each boat time using Clark Ranger 666 the greatest effect is from the interaction between skidding distance and loading volume, the interaction between the skidding distance and the slope of the skid trail and the slope of the winch. The study of the production rate of the two machines showed that the production rate of the Timber jack 450C and Clark Ranger 666 BDS were 22.93m³ and 19.29m³ per hour, respectively. The results of statistical comparisons of production rates and production unit costs in two machines show that there is a significant difference between the two machines (p = 0.04, p = 0.03). In addition, the results of a technical review of two machines suggest that the Timber jack 450C is more efficient than the Clark Ranger 666. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
471 - Channel bed unsteady analysis using critical shear stress and critical unit discharge (Case Study: Rivers Galali, Kurdistan)
میلاد رستمی Mohammad Mehdi HosainzadeOne of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different meth MoreOne of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different methods, most important of which are the average critical velocity, critical shear stress and critical unit discharge. To investigate the stability of the Galali river bed sediments in the according to river conditions used the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge methods. To determine initial move threshold sediment particles in the bed of the river were two cross-section of the river, two cross-section conditions were assessed. After that, the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge for four particle size D16, D50, D84 and D95 in each cross-section was calculated, and showed that in cross-section (1,2) in the bankfull discharge conditions all particles with sizes D16, D50, D84 and D95 begin to moving, and so in the bankfull discharge, sediment conditions will generally change. In cross-section (3) particles with a diameter D95 and the more it will be remain stable in the river bed, and other smaller particles of this size are starting to move. Due to further slope of the bed and width less active channel in the cross-section (1,2) has caused that all particles are unstable. Finally, the results from both methods were highly concordant, and this confirms that the use of these methods for stabilizes studies and sediment yield of river are appropriate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - River floor instability analysis using critical shear stress and discharge critical unit (Galali river case study, Qorve, Kurdistan)
Mohammad Mehdi Hoseinzadeh Milad RostamiOne of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. River sediment yield caused water turbidity, nutrients and pollution problems of water, buried in the water diversion facilities as well as filling the water MoreOne of the key issues of erosion and stability of the river is the beginning the movement of sediment particles. River sediment yield caused water turbidity, nutrients and pollution problems of water, buried in the water diversion facilities as well as filling the water storage lakes. Flow that will start moving particle, called the critical flow. The initial move threshold sediment particles has been investigated in several different methods, most important of which are the average critical velocity, critical shear stress and critical unit discharge. To investigate the stability of the Galali river bed sediments in the city of Qorveh, according to river conditions used the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge methods. To determine initial move threshold sediment particles in the bed of the river were two cross-section of the river, two cross-section conditions were assessed. After that, the critical shear stress and critical unit discharge for four particle size D16, D50, D84 and D95 in each cross-section was calculated, and showed that in cross-section (1,2) in the bankfull discharge conditions all particles with sizes D16, D50, D84 and D95 begin to moving, and so in the bankfull discharge, sediment conditions will generally change. In cross-section (3) particles with a diameter D95 and the more it will be remain stable in the river bed, and other smaller particles of this size are starting to move. Due to further slope of the bed and width less active channel in the cross-section (1,2) has caused that all particles are unstable. Finally, the results from both methods were highly concordant, and this confirms that the use of these methods for stabilizes studies and sediment yield of river are appropriate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - Estimation of water erosion and sedimentation content in Ala region of Semnan using PSIAC method
nahid alipour فاطمه Farzanehpey علی torabi سمیرا Bakhshinia طیبه Mesbah Zadeh سوسن SalageghehToday, soil erosion and sediment production in watershed are covered to a complicated environment, so preventing emergency of them is one of the most important conservation factors of natural resources. This research done in order to water erosion content estimation usi MoreToday, soil erosion and sediment production in watershed are covered to a complicated environment, so preventing emergency of them is one of the most important conservation factors of natural resources. This research done in order to water erosion content estimation using PSIAC method in Ala region of Semnan. PSIAC method investigates the effect of 9 important factors on water erosion process which these factors measured in each working units of under studied region. Results show that waterway working unit had the most effect on water erosion process with erodibility view it located in high class. Other working units including clay lands with Kalootak with score of 48, bare lands without cover with score of 45, clay plain with salts with score of 45, Marne lands without plant cover with score of 24, residential area with score of 93, lands covered with Haloxylon with score of 22, sand dunes covered with Haloxylon with score of 16 and agriculture lands with score of 15 placed in low to partial erodibility classes respectively that respect to their scores, they placed in further priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - Analysis the relationship between yield and area, animal unit and the number of exploiter in rangelands (Case Study: Isfahan Summer Range Management Plans)
raufiraad valiollah Gh heidari Setareh BagheriAbstract The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between rangeland area, the number of exploiter, and animal unit to Range Management plan. First, the list of summer range of Isfahan plans was prepared. Then, rangeland area, the rangeland yield, the n MoreAbstract The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between rangeland area, the number of exploiter, and animal unit to Range Management plan. First, the list of summer range of Isfahan plans was prepared. Then, rangeland area, the rangeland yield, the number of exploiter, and the animal unit were pulled out from the Range plans. Next, the number of existing animals in rangelands was counted. The number of samples was determined 90, among 226 Summer Range Management Plans, using Cochran's formula. Samples contain 45 plans of one exploiter and 45 plans of the group (plans which had more than one exploiter). Finally, the relationship between the rangeland area, the number of exploiter and animal unit (separately and commonly) and rangeland's yield were analyzed in both one exploiter's rangeland and group rangelands. Then, yield in two group's rangeland was compared. Also the number of existing animal and animal unit in each group (separately) were compared. Results indicated that a negative significant relationship was found between the yield and the rangeland area in both one exploiter rangelands (P≤ 0.01) and group rangelands (P≤ 0.05). A significant relationship was found between rangeland the yield and the animal unit in each two group's rangeland (P≤ 0.01). There is no significant difference (P≤0.05) between yields in two group's rangeland. Finally, a significant relation was found between the number of existing animal and animal unit in each two group's rangeland. Hence, sustainable rangeland management can be achieved by the selection of the number of animal unit based on rangelands area and yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - Toward a local Community Governance:An effort to introduce key concepts and componentsCase Study: Darake Neighborhood
jamile tavakolinia Mohammad Kazem Shams PouyaLooking at the urban management and administration trends shows that planning is not possible without paying attention to participatory approaches and local scale. In this regard, the local community governance was proposed as a model for effective and efficient adminis MoreLooking at the urban management and administration trends shows that planning is not possible without paying attention to participatory approaches and local scale. In this regard, the local community governance was proposed as a model for effective and efficient administration in the local community. Local community governance has the high potential for local community participation in decision-making. Basically, governance refers to the process of decision making and the process by which decisions are implemented. In this paper we analyze the components of the local community governance such as accountability, responsibility, rule of law, transparency, effectiveness and efficiency and interaction between participation and institutional trust in the Drake neighborhood. It should be added that the local community participation is considered as key to the success of community-based planning and local community governance also, trust has importance in many measures including institution-building and capacity development as well as improving governance. Also, accountability is a key requirement of good governance and can be considered as the key to the success of many initiatives and programs. Indeed, when the established mechanisms of accountability work, corruption is reduced. In this context, the theoretical and library studies and in the field a survey of 100 questionnaires were used. The results showed that the components level of the local community governance in the Drake neighborhood is lower than the average level. Furthermore, it was found that there is a direct correlation between the local community governance components, institutional trust and participation. Therefore, the local community governance and institutional trust rating will be reduced when participation rate is reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - Measurement And evaluation Resiliency Institutional and physical-environmental Urban communities to reduce natural disasters, Earthquake(Case study: Kerman city)
Ali Asghar Abdollahi Hojatollah Sharafi Yasser SabahiNatural disasters potential to bring this terrible disaster risk reduction systems become absenc. Recently, resiliency, as one of the effective measures for crisis management, Community-Based Approach to promote urban communities in times of instability due to disasters MoreNatural disasters potential to bring this terrible disaster risk reduction systems become absenc. Recently, resiliency, as one of the effective measures for crisis management, Community-Based Approach to promote urban communities in times of instability due to disasters. The main objective of this study is assessing the resilience index and constructive citizens (Institutional and physical - environmental) and determine the contribution of the factors resilience and their capacity to mitigate against natural (earthquake) in Kerman city.The research method is descriptive and analytical the type of relationship.The data required for analysis collected using a questionnaire which its validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha 887/0 formally approved. The population studied was the citizens of the city of Kerman.Finally, according to the terms of resiliency factors considered, the Institutional and physical - environmental indicators and factors that are mentioned in the above, And also utilizes software (spss) and statistical,one-sample t (One Sample T- test), Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis techniques are Also for weighting the criteria and sub-criteria of Shannon entropy and four municipalities in the ranking to assess the resilience of techniques and models ( WP,SAR) is used.Our results show that there is a significant relationship between the resiliency of citizens Institutional and physical – environmental components citizens against natural disasters, especially earthquakes. In this study, we hypothesized that the relationship between independent and dependent variables are the same approval and showing a high resiliency citizens about natural disasters with emphasis on earthquake. Finally, based on the techniques listed and ranked in order of zones, Zone 1, Zone 3, Zone 2, Zone 4 in terms of resiliency ranked. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - The Impact of Street Accessibility on Community Relations and Health in Residential Neighbourhoods (Case Study: Penang, Malaysia)
Massoomeh Hedayati Marzbali Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki Mahsan ZareeiIncreasing community relations in residential neighbourhoods is part of mechanisms of improving residents’ health and wellbeing. It provides a great opportunity for designers and planners to achieve high quality and sustainable residential developments. Certain ch MoreIncreasing community relations in residential neighbourhoods is part of mechanisms of improving residents’ health and wellbeing. It provides a great opportunity for designers and planners to achieve high quality and sustainable residential developments. Certain characteristics of the neighbourhood can affect residents’ behaviour in the neighbourhood environment. The current study focuses on the impact of street permeability and accessibility on residents’ social cohesion and health in a sample of 271 residents in Penang, Malaysia. The study is quantitative in nature and is based on both descriptive and inferential statistics. The required information was collected based on on-site observation and a questionnaire survey. Four research hypotheses were advanced and tested using the structural equation modelling on a priori hypothesised conceptual model. We also investigated the mediating effect of social cohesion on the relationship between permeability and health. This study employed the structural equation modelling approach to analyse the data using SPSS and AMOS software. The results of analysis indicated that permeability has significant impacts on social cohesion and health. Findings also indicated that social cohesion mediates the relationship between permeability and health. Residents living in highly permeable streets are more likely to receive a low social cohesion and health, meaning that those living in cul-de-sacs perceived higher levels of social cohesion and subsequently, higher health than those living in through roads. This suggests that road hierarchy in residential areas has positive impact on social cohesion and health. Therefore, based on the study findings, we suggest that local planning authorities need to pay attention to some important matters of neighbourhoods such as street permeability and road hierarchy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - Evaluating Good Urban Governance for Iranian Cities (A Case Study of Ahvaz)
Heydar Kazemi Bijan RahmaniUrban Management is a decisive factor for improving the life quality for people for which various approaches have been adopted so far. Good governance is the last approach in urban management which concentrates on participation, transparency, responsibility, law force, MoreUrban Management is a decisive factor for improving the life quality for people for which various approaches have been adopted so far. Good governance is the last approach in urban management which concentrates on participation, transparency, responsibility, law force, justifying and accountability in governing. This approach in urban management can produce the desired outputs for organizations and people. Municipality and Islamic council of Ahwaz which are the two important organizations in urban management in Ahwaz can use good governance approach in fulfilling their duties. In this article, the researchers use people’s judgment in a sample community about the performance of municipality and Islamic council to study how much compatibility exists between the performances of these public organizations with good governance principles. The researchers also use a questionnaire for collecting people’s judgment.The results of this survey showed that the average of citizens’ judgment about the consistency of municipal and city council performance with good governance values are 1.41 and 1.22. Respondents say that municipality and council performance in index of rule of law (with average 1.66) is low and in index of participation (with average 0.98) is very low. If we accept the respondents’ judgments about municipality in districts of Ahwaz municipality in this study, judgments show that the performance of municipality management in district 3 with an average of 1.26 has low compatibility with good governance values and municipality management in district 1 with an average of 0.94 has very low compatibility. Generally, the performance of municipality and council in terms of compliance with the principles of good governance, (with average of judgment about 1.31) in a range of 4 values between bad and good, is weak. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - Urban Decay: Opportunities or Threats for Sustainable Urban Management (A Case Study of Urban Decay in Nahavand)
Mostafa Khazaee Mohammad Taghi Razavian Rehabilitation and renovation are of the major challenges with which urban management is facing in developing countries. Identifying physical and functional status of these textures is import More Rehabilitation and renovation are of the major challenges with which urban management is facing in developing countries. Identifying physical and functional status of these textures is important for planning, managing, and maintaining them. Urban decay in Nahavand covers an area of 166 hectares consisting of seventeen dead tissues in the neighborhoods. The areas, despite the capabilities in physical, socio - economic and cultural – historical matters, are deficient somehow. In this study, SWOT analysis was used in order to assess the situation of urban decay in Nahavand. The research method used in this article was analytical and documents - literature and field observations were used in order to obtain the necessary data. The results of this study showed that the urban decay of Nahavand because of being ignored by officials and authorities of the city has turned into a serious problem experiencing disorder in social, economic, infrastructural, and bioenvironmental grounds. The city officials have not had any contribution to remove the existing problems either. It seems that any change in their approaches toward the mentioned texture, not as a threat but as an opportunity, most of the problems in the city can be removed and the potentials of Nahavand can be realized to develop this city fundamentally. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Explaining and Analyzing the Stability of Community Spaces and Measuring the Effective Factors (A Case studyof Mahabad Family Park)
siamand maroofi qader bayzidiThe necessity of urban public spaces is undeniable as one of the main pillars of sustainable development in everyday life. Nevertheless, we are witnessing the lack of attention paid to urban planning and design criteria in urban development projects. In the meantime, th MoreThe necessity of urban public spaces is undeniable as one of the main pillars of sustainable development in everyday life. Nevertheless, we are witnessing the lack of attention paid to urban planning and design criteria in urban development projects. In the meantime, the park is one of the spheres that provides lodging for community visits, spending leisure time , citizens’ participation, and improving the city's social life. According to the present study which was carried out in the family park of Mahabad in 2018, using descriptive-analytical method and data gathering through a survey method, the stability of the understudy space based on indicators such as sustainability of the space, as well as the measurement was investigated. The most important factors affecting the promotion of sustainability in this space have been discussed. Measurement done by Cronbach's alpha test, reliability of the questionnaire, and the results of KMO and Bartlet tests confirmed the adequacy of the sample size as well as the internal and structural validity of the questionnaire. The results of statistical analysis indicate the unstable condition of space in all of the studied components (except in the components of socialization). Also, the results of structural equation modeling using PLS software showed that components related to comfort and mental image, which refer to comfort, tranquility, and physical and psychological security of space users, have the greatest impact on sustainability improvement in the understudy space. Therefore, in order to organize and strengthen the space, these categories of components will be prioritized and implemented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Constructing the Basic Urban Study Units Based on MAUP (A Case Study of Demographic Zoning of Zanjan)
Hassanali Faraji Sabokbar marzieh sedaghatkish Alireza RahmatiIn any type of geographic data analysis defining the primary unit has direct effect on the results. The key point in spatial studies is the exact definition of areal units. The necessity of defining the basic unit of study is that for instance if once we examine the rel MoreIn any type of geographic data analysis defining the primary unit has direct effect on the results. The key point in spatial studies is the exact definition of areal units. The necessity of defining the basic unit of study is that for instance if once we examine the relationship between income and crime rate in the neighborhood unit and again in the level of urban area, different results will be obtained. This problem originates from the fact that raw data (e.g. census) are shown in the census block format. So we have to aggregate this data into neighborhood units and urban areas or any other basic unit for our study. Since the choice of these basic units does not have any rule and is arbitrary, different results will be obtained. In fact results of statistical analysis are not independent of the scale at which analysis has been done. This problem was first identified by Gehlke and Biehlin as modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). The purpose of this study is to identify the basic areal units which make the least bias in raw data after data aggregation in the unit. We have applied a comparative research method and layers of census blocks are utilized for statistical analysis. In this article, we have selected three basic units based on urban network, urban locality and fishnet as well as using twenty demographic indicators and measures of central dispersion and correlation to examine the effect of MAUP. The results indicate that rectangular base unit is less affected by the MAUP. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - Analysis of Effective Factors in Increasing the Resilience of Urban Communities against the Corona Epidemic with a Community-Based Disaster Risk Management Approach) the Case of Zanjan (
mohsen ahadnejad reveshty Hossein Tahmasebi moghadam mohamad taghi heydariDuring the pandemic and spread of Corona Virus, human life, and cities were exposed to a difficult risk, which has exposed urban societies in all their elements, more than just local and topical damages. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze the effective fact MoreDuring the pandemic and spread of Corona Virus, human life, and cities were exposed to a difficult risk, which has exposed urban societies in all their elements, more than just local and topical damages. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze the effective factors that increase social resilience to the Corona epidemic through social crisis management. This research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of its purpose. Based on an analysis of the theoretical foundations of the research and a Delphi method with experts in urban planning who belong to research centers and universities as panelists, the research components were identified. This research used a library method and a survey method in the form of a questionnaire to collect the required data. In the analysis section of the confirmatory factor analysis model in the form of structural equation modeling in AMOS software, the type of components was analyzed according to the impact and effectiveness on other components. The analysis of the structure of the identified effective factors using confirmatory factor analysis shows that the identified factors have a significant structural relationship in creating resilient communities against Corona in Zanjan. The results also show that participation and social networks factor (F1) with a factor load of 0.89, social capital factor (F2) with a factor load of 0.88, knowledge and skills (F3) with a factor load of 0.85, and awareness (F4) with a factor load of 0.75, have the greatest effect in creating resilient societies against the corona disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - Theoretical Model of an Age Friendly Community with an Emphasis on the Aging in Place
Mina Harandi Mojtaba Rafieian Hamid Saberi amirhosein shabaniFactors contributing to increased life expectancy and a low fertility rate, leading to an aging population, were initially observed in the developed countries during the mid-20th century and are now extending to developing nations. Given the impending consequences of th MoreFactors contributing to increased life expectancy and a low fertility rate, leading to an aging population, were initially observed in the developed countries during the mid-20th century and are now extending to developing nations. Given the impending consequences of the aging crisis in our country, research on aging is of paramount importance. Notably, the relationship between the presence of the elderly in the community and the concept of age-friendly communities is crucial. This study aims to identify factors influencing age-friendly communities and elucidate theories regarding the presence of the elderly in the community, with a specific focus on aging in place. Employing a qualitative approach, this research utilizes grounded theory within the framework of the Strauss and Corbin methodology. The research data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 31 individuals aged 60 and over, selected from two-day care centers: Rangin Kaman Sepid, Bozorgan Sahebdel, and Kolbeye Noor in Isfahan, continuing until theoretical saturation was achieved. The study highlights that the contextual condition for an age-friendly community is the residence of the elderly in their respective neighborhoods. According to the findings, the creation of an age-friendly community is fostered by the connection between the community and the elderly in everyday situations, adapting to their needs and enabling aging in place. This involves interactive contexts related to event orientation, leisure, socialization, and neighborhood accessibility for the elderly, providing opportunities for self-expression and social support. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - Analysis of Military, Political, and Economic Equations between Iran and the United States in the Persian Gulf Region
Sajjad Alifarja heidar lotfi Majid vali Shariat Panahi aliasghar esmailpor roshanThe Persian Gulf region has always been subject to the turbulence of political, economic, and military strategies pursued by regional and extra-regional countries. The aim of this article is to analyze and examine the military, political, and economic equations between MoreThe Persian Gulf region has always been subject to the turbulence of political, economic, and military strategies pursued by regional and extra-regional countries. The aim of this article is to analyze and examine the military, political, and economic equations between Iran and the United States in the Persian Gulf region. The main question of this article is that what are the military, political, and economic equations between Iran and the United States in the Persian Gulf region are. A descriptive method was used to gather theoretical and conceptual literature for the research, and a hierarchical analysis method was employed to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire. Also a survey method was used to test the hypotheses. A preliminary sample was used to examine the reliability of the questionnaire, and with the obtained Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87, the questionnaire's reliability was confirmed. The final questionnaire was then provided to the experts in the field of regional security. Opinions of 25 experts were collected and analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. The results of the article indicate that the geographic location of the region has specific sensitivity for both countries. However, what is important for the United States in this region is the continuity of its consumption role and the enhancement of its cultural and ideological position. Conversely, for Iran, strengthening cultural and ideological influence and reducing dependence on military and industrial consumption have greater significance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - The Analysis of Developmental Opportunities in an Old Urban Texture (Case Study: down town Kermanshah)
Leila MosaviDarAmrodi Majid Shams Nowzar GhanbariThe Population increase, as well as, the limitations of physical expansion and development in large cities reminds the necessity of improvement and innovation of the old urban texture of these cities. The aim of this study is to identify the potentials and internal limi MoreThe Population increase, as well as, the limitations of physical expansion and development in large cities reminds the necessity of improvement and innovation of the old urban texture of these cities. The aim of this study is to identify the potentials and internal limitations of urban texture of Kermanshah. Moreover, the study tries to show the external opportunities and threats of these areas. Furthermore, the feasibility of using developmental opportunities and promotion of environmental activities in old texture areas and central part of Kermanshah are analyzed too. The research is an applied one and the methodology of this research is descriptive- analytic. The relevant information was collected through library method and note-taking, a questionnaire, and field studies. Descriptive and inferential statistics along with SWAT model were used to analyze the data. Based on the results of four factors of the SWOT technique analysis, the district of the study has 12 advantages, 10 potentials,12 vulnerabilities, and9 threats. To draw the SWOT matrix, the top final score index of four factors (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) were used. Based on this matrix in a logical framework the external main opportunities and threats can be compared with internal weakness and strength to determine compatible development patterns with external and internal situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - Rural population of Tehran ,opportunities & challenges (Case Study : Solaghan District)
Bijan Rahmani Hamideh AghamiriTrend of rural migration towars Tehran (as capital of Iran) has dramatically changed both social and economic structure of this city. In fact attractions exist in Tehran vis a vis to rural part of country are the main cause of current situation. The presence of rural MoreTrend of rural migration towars Tehran (as capital of Iran) has dramatically changed both social and economic structure of this city. In fact attractions exist in Tehran vis a vis to rural part of country are the main cause of current situation. The presence of rural population in Tehran is not totally negative. In case of good management of human resources of Tehran, it is possible to transforme entire population of Tehran to constructive factor that not only is not harmful for city but can help to devlpment of Tehran and other cities which have the similar problem. In This paper we try to study different aspects of prensence of rural population in Megapole of Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
487 - Iranian EFL High School Teachers' Perceptions of Virtual Learning System Opportunities, Challenges and Threats
Seyyed Jaffar Rafiee Parviz Alavinia Mehdi Sarkhosh -
Open Access Article
488 - Teacher Immunity in English Language Institutes and Public Schools: EFL Teachers’ Perception in Focus
Mehrnoosh Haji Jalili Mehrdad Sepehri Sajjad Shafiee -
Open Access Article
489 - From Importer of Knowledge to Researcher of the Self: Exploring the Utility of Collaborative Action Research in Distance Second Language Professional Development
Farzad Mashhadi Reza Biria Ahmadreza Lotfi -
Open Access Article
490 - Pros and Cons of Dancing in the Dark: Enhancing EFL learners' oral proficiency in an unplugged learning community
Elahe Solimani Ahmad Ameri-Golestan Ahmadreza Lotfi -
Open Access Article
491 - Impact of Googling Techniques on Deaf and Hearing-Impaired Students’ L2 Writing Performance
Asma Qoreishi kolaqani Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi Hadi Salehi Omid Tabatabaei -
Open Access Article
492 - Impact of Intercultural Movie Clips on EFL Learners’ Social and Cultural Identity in Virtual Communities of Practice
DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.37.14.2
Azadeh Nematzadeh Mehry Haddad Narafshan Masoud Tajadini -
Open Access Article
493 - Phenomenological analysis of the challenges and opportunities of decentralization of high school curriculum with emphasis on multiculturalism and cultural heritage
zahra Ansari Parvin Samadi -
Open Access Article
494 - The Role of the Naqshbandi Scholars in Social Affairs in 9th century AH with an Emphasis on Secularism in isolationism
Milad Parniyani Monirh kazemirashed Vali Dinparast manijeh sadriNaqshbandiyah is one of the Sufi cults in the Timurid era whose leaders tried to interfere in social affairs. Their proximity to the governing body made it suspicious that they had strayed from the Sufi structural principles and turned to worldly affairs. So the first q MoreNaqshbandiyah is one of the Sufi cults in the Timurid era whose leaders tried to interfere in social affairs. Their proximity to the governing body made it suspicious that they had strayed from the Sufi structural principles and turned to worldly affairs. So the first question is whether the Naqshbandi scholars have considered their actions to be against the Sufi worldview? If yes, what is their justification or interpretation? The findings of the study emphasize a particular type of ijtihad that establishes the principle of balancing Material and spiritual tendencies. In this mechanism, every soul has its share of material and spiritual, by its capacity and rank. In the meanwhile, the Naqshbandi scholars themselves (as elites) felt this attachment to communicate with the most material part of society and to guide them in obtaining the right of the people. It was only in this way that provide conditions for the development of the outside and the inside world came together. By the nature of the subject, the research method in this study is historical-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - The formation of the Tudeh Party and its efforts to transfer the North's oil concession to the Soviet Union
Azim RafizadehIn examining the impact of oil on the relations between the two countries of Iran and Russia, it turns out that they were trying to reach the Iranian oil resources in some cases, one in 1299/1921and the other in 1920/1941. At the time of Iran's occupation of the Second MoreIn examining the impact of oil on the relations between the two countries of Iran and Russia, it turns out that they were trying to reach the Iranian oil resources in some cases, one in 1299/1921and the other in 1920/1941. At the time of Iran's occupation of the Second World War, the Russians, though at every turn did not succeed in their goals, during the occupation of Iran in September 1941 by the Allies they used all the necessary tools. For example, they used the Tudeh Party, the first and most organized Leftist party in Iran, to achieve its oil targets. At this stage, the Russian Foreign Ministry Deputy Foreign Minister, Sergey Kavtaradze came to Iran and formally requested for a license to exploit North Oil. The Tudeh Party, while previously opposed to any transfer of privilege to foreigners, when the Soviet Union- their spiritual and co-professional supporters came out, by providing the Balance Scheme they granted the southern oil share to the British and the North Sea's privilege to the Soviet Union. Because the American companies were set to exploit the oil scorecard in northern Iran, immediately the Soviet Union entered the scene and the Tudeh party also met with them. In this context, the efforts of the Tudeh Party to satisfy the Iranian government and parliament in order to agree with the Soviet demand for oil in their own way can be considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - Imam Reza's(AS) cultural polocies in uniting and synchornizing Islamic religions
Ali Asqar Khosravi Hafshajani hoseyn khosravi Ali Elhami Sohrab EslamiThe Islamic World is facing a variety of challenges nowadays. It is therefore necessary to pave the path for making the Islamic branches closer together in order to overcome the challenges. There is no doubt that all faithful Muslims know that one of the reasons of the MoreThe Islamic World is facing a variety of challenges nowadays. It is therefore necessary to pave the path for making the Islamic branches closer together in order to overcome the challenges. There is no doubt that all faithful Muslims know that one of the reasons of the greatness of Islam is the closeness and unification of Islamic religions despite the differences and disputes. The stronger this unification among Islamic branches including Shias and Sunnis get, there will be more chances and opportunities prepared for the Islamic world to face their enemies. But what is worrying is the ignition of adversaries, hostilities and spiting among different branches and cults of Islam. Actually the disputes in religious jurisprudence and some of the nonfundamental issues which are the natural result of free thought and the practice of religious jurisprudence are not innately dangerous and the goal of religious unification is not diminishing and destroying the differences themselves but its most important goal is not to let these differences cause adversaries and let brotherhood and closeness replace disputes and separation. The sayings, books and behavior of Imam Reza(AS) show that during his fruitful life he carried out serious efforts to unite the religions. The theory of this research is the effectiveness of Imam Reza’s teachings in religious unification according to holy Quran, sayings and his debates. This descriptive analytical research starts first by notetaking from different sources, then categorizing them and at last analyzing them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - Recognizing the Periods of Developing and Collapsing Multi-Price Bubbles in Housing Market: Case Study of Tehran City
Roozbeh Baloonejad noori hamzeh safariAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and collapse of price bubbles of housing market in Tehran by the data of housing rents, land price during 1995:Q1-2014:Q1. Based on the critiques to the common methods of evaluating the price bubbles MoreAbstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the development and collapse of price bubbles of housing market in Tehran by the data of housing rents, land price during 1995:Q1-2014:Q1. Based on the critiques to the common methods of evaluating the price bubbles and the possibility of happening more than one bubble in the time period under consideration, in this study, Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey–Fuller is used. By this method, it is possible to determine the development and collapse periods of price bubble in addition to test multiple bubbles,. The results represent that in the period under review, the ratio of price - rent as an indicator of return on assets, has no rational price bubbles. However, by the abruptly and explosively changing in defining the price, there will be a price bubble in housing during 3 periods including 2001:Q1- 2002:Q1, 2004:Q1- 2004:Q2, 2006:Q2- 2007:Q2 and 2006:Q2-2007:Q2 and so in land real prices during 3 periods including 2000:Q2-2001:Q2, 2006:Q2-2007:Q2 and 2012: Q1-2013:Q2. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - Khalaji Language change in contact with Tehrani Persian
majid fatahipourThe Khalaji dialect is known as one of the ancient Turkish dialect in Iran. Due to its location of spoken area, among the Persian speaking zone, it has no interaction with other Turkish dialects. For this reason, the Khalaji dialect accepted wide linguistic adaptations MoreThe Khalaji dialect is known as one of the ancient Turkish dialect in Iran. Due to its location of spoken area, among the Persian speaking zone, it has no interaction with other Turkish dialects. For this reason, the Khalaji dialect accepted wide linguistic adaptations due to the coexistence and social intercourse with critical Persian language. The purpose of this study is to investigate the involved factors in the dialect change among immigrants living in Tehran, as well as, the lexical change and speaking style of immigrants in the Tehran language community. Qualitative analysis indicated that some Khalaji phonemes are significantly similar to the critical Persian language. The quantitative analysis investigated many items like gender, social class, education, occupation, age, immigration age, length of residence, and place of residence in Tehran among which the age arrival is the most significant factor related to the Khalaji's change Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - The comparison between Kurdish and Persian proverbs
seyed ahmad parsaThe object of this study is to make a comparison between proverbs of two languages: Kurdish and Farsi. Recognition of common affairs of these languages is considered as another aim for this research, a matter which can improve human communications within two languages; MoreThe object of this study is to make a comparison between proverbs of two languages: Kurdish and Farsi. Recognition of common affairs of these languages is considered as another aim for this research, a matter which can improve human communications within two languages; for, the knowing of common cultural affairs including proverbs will provide a suitable basis for understanding each other and subsequently it can help improve national unity and conformation. In this course 3000 Kurdish and Farsi proverbs have been gathered and compared with each other through a systematic sampling method. To fulfill the research these references have been selected: "Kurdish bywords" by Qadir Fattahi Qazi, "12000 Persian proverbs and their equivalents" by Ibrahim Shakourizadeh Boluri; because the above references are more comprehensive than the others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - Simulation and Analysis of the New Brake System according to Changing of the Spring and Vertical Acceleration of the Wheels
Bahman Karami Pirmohammadi Mehdi Tajdari -
Open Access Article
501 - Performance Evaluation of Banking Organizations Using the New Proposed Integrated DEA-BSC Model
Kianoosh Kianfar Mahnaz Ahadzadeh Namin Akbar Alam Tabriz Esmaeil Najafi Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi -
Open Access Article
502 - Evaluating the Effect of Financial Health Indexes from the Aspect of Inhibiting and Opportunistic Behaviors of Income Management in Companies with Different Investment Opportunities
Omid Sabaghiyan Toosi Zahra Moradi Shohreh YazdaniThis research has compared effect of financial health indicators from the perspective of deterrence and opportunism in income management behaviors, based on the analysis of data from 320 companies during the years 2010-2020 using Eviews software in companies with differ MoreThis research has compared effect of financial health indicators from the perspective of deterrence and opportunism in income management behaviors, based on the analysis of data from 320 companies during the years 2010-2020 using Eviews software in companies with different investment opportunities. To test the hypotheses of the statistical population using the middle of 4 methods MEQLDTA, MB, PPEQGMEQLD and GrowthPPE, and classified into two groups of companies with high and low investment opportunities. Hypotheses tested in OLS and ARMA methods. Then, based on the cumulative analysis of financial health factors, these variables were weighted. The results show that the variables of ROA with weight of (-7), RER with weight of (-4) and LDR with weight of (-3) were respectively effective in playing the role of deterrent from income management motivation. On the other hand, variables of LEV with weight of (+6), DLOSS with weight of (+5) and INDIR with weight of (+4) were respectively recognized as effective factors on the opportunistic behavior of income management in companies with different investment opportunities. In companies with low investment opportunities that are separated by MB method, based on the optimal value of the coefficient of determination and the negative relationship of financial health indicators, it is more likely that this group has high financial health based on the inhibition of income management’s motivation. On the other hand, the findings show that in companies with low investment opportunity separated by the Growthppe method, the opportunistic behavior of income management is more evident. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - Right to “Self-Defense” against Cyber-attacks with an Emphasis on the Attacks of the United States of America
Saeid Eid koshayesh Hossein Sorayaii Azar jahangir bagheriHostile actions and resorting to coercive force in the cyberspace fields are very important issues that could challenge fundamental principles of the international law. Many States consider the cyberspace as a battlefield and intend to inflict damages through it to thei MoreHostile actions and resorting to coercive force in the cyberspace fields are very important issues that could challenge fundamental principles of the international law. Many States consider the cyberspace as a battlefield and intend to inflict damages through it to their opponent states. United States is considered an avant-garde in these issues. The United States possess many advanced technologies in cyberspace field. In this respect, the necessity of self-defense (legitime defense) against cyber-attacks seems inevitable, although from “treaty law” point of view it lacks the basic internationally supported legislations. It remains to be clarified whether the 51th Article of the United Nations Charter could be used as a legal base for cyber self-defense or not and if that could be entitled self-defense or not. This study employs descriptive-analytical method through data analyzing system. Findings of this study indicate that in the event of a cyber-attack by a State or its agents, a cyber-self-defense could be legally justifiable provided that the legal conditions of the self-defense such as compatibility of self-defense with the attacks and some other international law principles (principle of non-use of force for example) are met, Of course, in the path of self-defense, the principle of proportionality must be observed as the main rule, and as soon as the Security Council effectively intervenes in the crisis, the defense must be terminated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - Optimal Unit Commitment for Thermal Power Plants using Combined Fuzzy Logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm Method
Hasan Barati Esmaeil Fathi Mohammad NasirOptimal Unit Commitment for Thermal Power Plants using Combined Fuzzy Logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm MethodIn this paper, the thermal unit commitment is solved by using combined fuzzy logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, in which the minimum and maximum MoreOptimal Unit Commitment for Thermal Power Plants using Combined Fuzzy Logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm MethodIn this paper, the thermal unit commitment is solved by using combined fuzzy logic and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm, in which the minimum and maximum generation constraints, minimum up/down-time constraints, starting time, spinning reserve,and so on are considered. Fuzzy logic is used to reduce the production time of the ON/OFF cycle durations of each unit in the feasible solutions. Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm is used to optimize the results. Using the proposed method reduces the computation time and also the generation cost. The simulation has been done in the MATLAB software environment, and as its results compared with some other intelligent algorithms including Lagrange Relaxation (LR), Integer-Coded Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Bacterial Foraging (BF) for improvements in generation cost and problem solving time is shown. This method has the ability to develop solving unit commitment in different dimensions with considering constraints and limits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
505 - Optimal Design of Residential Microgrids with Regard to Fault Occurrence and Possibility of Power Outage
Mehrdad Movahedpour Sirus Mohammadi Mohammadjavad Kiani Taher Niknam Mahmoud ZadehbagheriOne of the issues which has attracted a lot of attention in the power grid in recent years is the emergence of microgrids. An optimized microgrid design includes choosing the best combination of the available options (distributed generation units, energy storage systems MoreOne of the issues which has attracted a lot of attention in the power grid in recent years is the emergence of microgrids. An optimized microgrid design includes choosing the best combination of the available options (distributed generation units, energy storage systems, and load response programs) to supply the microgrid so that the total costs of the microgrid development plan is minimized. In this article, a comprehensive modeling has been conducted for the problem of optimal design of residential microgrids considering the renewable distributed generation units, energy storage systems and controllable loads. This model takes into account the intrinsic stochastic behavior of renewable energy and the uncertainty involving electric load prediction, and thus proper stochastic models for them has been chosen. In order to find the optimal solution, the problem of microgrid design is modeled as an optimization problem with the goal of minimizing the total costs of the microgrid development plan and the optimal response is determined via ant colony optimization algorithm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
506 - Provide a Novel Two-Step Approach for Self-Healing Restoration of Smart Distribution Network
Hasan Keshavarz Ziarani Seyed Hossein Hosseinian Ahmad FakharianSelf-Healing is the most essential feature for smart distribution network Restoration when a fault occurs. Islanding of the fault zone can be done both offline and online. Using the online islanding method to restoration the service in the fault zone, the boundary of is MoreSelf-Healing is the most essential feature for smart distribution network Restoration when a fault occurs. Islanding of the fault zone can be done both offline and online. Using the online islanding method to restoration the service in the fault zone, the boundary of islanding micro-grids and the number of islands can be determined optimally during the fault. In this study, a novel two-step mathematical method for self-healing restoration after the fault is presented. In the first layer, the optimal arrangement of the system in the faulty area is determined by a new mathematical model. In the first layer, the boundary of island-operating MGs is determined after the fault, which leads to decreasing load shedding and operation costs of the distribution system. Then, in the second layer, the unit commitment problem in the smart distribution system is solved. The load shedding or outage, non-dispatchable distributed generation (DG) resources rescheduling, and optimal planning energy storage systems (ESSs) are determined. Low execution time and the optimal solution are the most essential advantages of the pro­po­s­ed scheme. Tools such as smart load shedding and demand response Programs (DRP) have also been used for optimal system restoration. The IEEE 33-bus distribution system is used to validate the prop­osed method. The results of case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - Design of a Dual-Beam End-Fire Antenna using the proposed Metamaterial Structure for 60 GHz MIMO Applications
Narges Malekpour Mohammad Amin HonarvarIn this paper, a dual-beam end-fire Bow-tie antenna for millimeter-wave applications over 57–64 GHz is designed. By introducing a new structure in the decoration of metamaterial slabs in the horizontal plane of the Bowtie antenna, a dual-beam generated at 60° MoreIn this paper, a dual-beam end-fire Bow-tie antenna for millimeter-wave applications over 57–64 GHz is designed. By introducing a new structure in the decoration of metamaterial slabs in the horizontal plane of the Bowtie antenna, a dual-beam generated at 60° and 120°. The proposed antenna is composed of a 2×3 array of metamaterial unit cells, which leads to a considerable gain enhancement and generates a dual-beam pattern. To create a dual-beam in the E-plane, the array of metamaterial slabs integrated vertically in front of the Bowtie antenna and tilted by 15o with regard to the antenna axis to tailor the radiation beam. These unit cells are capable of creating two resonances that can play an important role to improve the gain in a wide frequency band. The resulting dual-beam radiation in the E-plane has maxima at +60 and 120 degrees with a maximum peak gain of 9.5 dBi at 60 GHz. The final design simulated with a parametric study, and the best configuration provided despite the maintenance of other radiation characteristics of the antenna.Keywords: End-Fire Antenna, dual-beam Antenna, ENZ Metamaterial unit-cell, Millimeter-Wave, High-Gain Antenna. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - An Improved Method for Online Fault Location Based on the Phasor Measurement Unit in Transmission Lines Considering the Thermal Limit
Mohammad Reza Rezaei Seyed Reza Hadian Amrei Mohammad Reza MivehIn this paper, an improved online method for simultaneous estimation of parameters and fault location in transmission lines based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) installed on both sides of the transmission line is proposed. Unlike offline methods, the proposed method MoreIn this paper, an improved online method for simultaneous estimation of parameters and fault location in transmission lines based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) installed on both sides of the transmission line is proposed. Unlike offline methods, the proposed method does not depend on the geometric characteristics of the lines, the fault resistance and the impedance of the equivalent Thevenin sources. The most important application of line modeling is to estimate the thermal rating of transmission lines, which limits the power transmission capacity. Offline methods cause part of the power transmission capacity to be unused and create unrealistic congestion in the transmission system. Therefore, the estimation must be determined in a way that is online and has the appropriate accuracy and speed. Calculating the thermal rating is a complex task that requires estimating the parameters of the lines, calculating the temperature of the lines and determining the climatic conditions of the environment around the studied lines. Therefore, a new method based on a combination of direct conductor temperature monitoring method and method based on climatic conditions is proposed in this paper. In this method, first, the parameters of the transmission line are estimated and then using these parameters and the weather conditions of the desired line, the thermal rating is calculated online. In this paper, the Nonlinear Least Squares (NLS) method is used to perform the process of simultaneously estimating the fault location and line parameters. The simulations were performed in the MATLAB software environment on a standard series capacitor-compensated transmission lines. The simulation results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and speed and can play a significant role in increasing the speed of line repairs and system reliability and reducing social and economic losses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - Economic Design of Renewable Hybrid System Based on Hydrogen and Thermal Storages Considering Electrical and Thermal Energy Management
Reza Sepahvand Akbar Asgharzadeh bonabThis paper presents the optimal planning of renewable hybrid systems including wind turbines and bio-waste energy units according to hydrogen and thermal storages considering feeding of electrical and thermal energies. Bio-waste unit is based on the operation of the com MoreThis paper presents the optimal planning of renewable hybrid systems including wind turbines and bio-waste energy units according to hydrogen and thermal storages considering feeding of electrical and thermal energies. Bio-waste unit is based on the operation of the combined power and heat system, which produces electrical and thermal energy at the same time. Hydrogen storage is hybrid of an electrolyze, hydrogen tank, and fuel cell. The proposed scheme minimizes the total annual investment and maintenance costs. It is subject to the operation model of the mentioned elements. In the operation model of sources and storage, renewable sources supply loads of energy, then storage uses to cover the gap between the load and renewable power profiles. This paper uses the hybrid solver of the Gray wolf optimizer and the sine-cosine algorithm to obtain a reliable optimal solution with a low standard deviation in the final response. Finally, based on numerical results according to Espoo in Finland data, the proposed scheme's capability is confirmed in the Economic extraction of a 100% renewable island hybrid system suitable for simultaneous supply of electrical and thermal energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - Day-Ahead Coordination of Vehicle-to-Grid Operation and Wind Power in Security Constraints Unit Commitment (SCUC)
Mohammad Javad Abdollahi Majid MoazzamiIn this paper security constraints unit commitment (SCUC) in the presence of wind power resources and electrical vehicles to grid is presented. SCUC operation prepare an optimal time table for generation unit commitment in order to maximize security, minimize operation MoreIn this paper security constraints unit commitment (SCUC) in the presence of wind power resources and electrical vehicles to grid is presented. SCUC operation prepare an optimal time table for generation unit commitment in order to maximize security, minimize operation cost and satisfy the constraints of networks and units in a period of time, as one of the most important research interest in power systems. Today, the relationship between power network and energy storage systems is interested for many researchers and network operators. Using Electrical Vehicles (PEVs) and wind power for energy production is one of the newest proposed methods for replacing fossil fuels.One of the effective strategies for analyzing of the effects of Vehicle 2 Grid (V2G) and wind power in optimal operation of generation is running of SCUC for power systems that are equipped with V2G and wind power resources. In this paper, game theory method is employed for deterministic solution of day-ahead unit commitment with considering security constraints in the simultaneous presence of V2G and wind power units. This problem for two scenarios of grid-controlled mode and consumer-controlled mode in three different days with light, medium and heavy load profiles is analyzed. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the presence of V2G and wind power for decreasing of generation cost and improving operation indices of power systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - Analysis of rural resident vision about environmental – economic and cultural effects (case study: Fash village, Kangavar province)
زهرا شفیعی bizan rahmaneToday; tourism leaves from different social-cultural; economic and environmental aspect of dramatic effects on rural life. Awareness is important from the perspective of the host society as a supplier of tourism products . THE study was a survey and descriptive-analytic MoreToday; tourism leaves from different social-cultural; economic and environmental aspect of dramatic effects on rural life. Awareness is important from the perspective of the host society as a supplier of tourism products . THE study was a survey and descriptive-analytical approach to the effects of Fash rural tourism city Kangavar. THE population of the villagers as statistical society and the sample size were selected the method a systematic random sample with Cochran formula 226 person . Likert scale and questionnaire was used for data collection and software spss18 for data analysis. The findings show, there is effects of tourism significance positive and negative in this area. As in economic field cause create new jobs, increasing income, optionally service jobs, increased cost of living and the income gap and in the field of social-cultural, cause increase communication and public awareness reduced security for women and girls, increasing crime and also in the field environmental, cause environmental degradation and also high expectations and awareness of villagers in connection with environmental protection . Thus systematic planning and taking part villagers Fash in the tourism sector could change the economic and cultural - social aspects life of the rural population and reduce the negative environmental impacts of tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - Development of Tourism in the Middle-earth City of Khoy and Analysis of Challenges From the Viewpoint of the Local Community (Case Study: Shams Tabrizi's Tomb in Khoy)
Mehdi pashazadeh Hosein Nazmfar Bakhtyar EzatpanahThe development of tourism in urban areas plays an important role in diversifying the economies of local communities andis one of the sources of job creation and making money and the basis for sustainable developmentof urban economics.Tourism development depends on prov MoreThe development of tourism in urban areas plays an important role in diversifying the economies of local communities andis one of the sources of job creation and making money and the basis for sustainable developmentof urban economics.Tourism development depends on providingconditions that will make the industry cycle more secure.Themain purpose of the research is to identify and analyzethe problems of thedevelopment of the tourism industry inthe middle of the Khoy region from the point of view of the local communitywith anemphasis onthe role ofShamsTabrizi'sTomb inthis regard.The current research is descriptive-analytic anddata collection through library studies andobservation Field(distribution of questionnaire)is doneThe statistical population of the study was383 local residents in1396,which was used todetermine the sample size using Cochran's sampling method.For analyzing andcategorizing the extracted data from the questionnaire and testing the main hypothesis,one-samplet-test was used for SPSSsoftware.Findings ofthe research indicate that from theperspective of the local community,thecity of Khoy,with the presence ofMazar-e Shams,has the capabilities and potential of tourism development and becoming one of the tourism centers of the province and country.But in this context, there are a number of challenges, barriers and problems such as indicators of infrastructure facilitiesand public infrastructure,health and quality of the environment,tourism attractions and urban management.The effect and influence of these factors on tourism development and tourist attraction are positive and positive.Theresults of the hypothesis test indicate that these factors are oneof thechallenges of tourism development from thepoint of view of the local community andthe physical activities undertaken to developtourism through ShamsTabrizi have not been sufficient. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - Measuring the level of satisfaction with respect to the quality of services provided by the local tourist destination (Case of Study: Mashhad City)
Rostam SaberifarTourism managers in Mashhad claim that the city's tourism planning process is now emphasizing on the revealed needs rather than expressed needs, and this has increased the satisfaction of tourists in the city. In order to test this assumption, the purpose of this survey MoreTourism managers in Mashhad claim that the city's tourism planning process is now emphasizing on the revealed needs rather than expressed needs, and this has increased the satisfaction of tourists in the city. In order to test this assumption, the purpose of this survey was to determine the degree of satisfaction with the quality of services provided in the city. The research method is descriptive and analytical. The required information was obtained through a researcher-made questionnaire from a sample of 670 people. Collected data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman, Chi-square and single-sample t-tests. The findings indicate that tourists are largely satisfied with the socio-cultural and environmental conditions and infrastructural facilities and tourists with different educational backgrounds have the same views regarding satisfaction of tourism conditions. Also, there is no significant relationship between the length of stay of tourists and their level of satisfaction with tourism conditions. The level of satisfaction of domestic tourists is high with respect to the host society and there is a significant difference between the attitudes of tourists in this regard. Moreover, tourists with different educational backgrounds have different views on how to deal with the host community. Based on these results, the authorities' claims regarding the evolution of the service delivery system to tourists cannot be ignored. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - Tourism and sustainable development barriers .sterategy
sepideh gorbanigolzari karim Hosseinzadeye dalir bashir beygbabayiToday, tourism industry has a high status in the economies of the country and plays an active and effective role in promoting the economic, social and cultural structure of countries, especially in the developing countries. Although tourism is just one industry, tourism MoreToday, tourism industry has a high status in the economies of the country and plays an active and effective role in promoting the economic, social and cultural structure of countries, especially in the developing countries. Although tourism is just one industry, tourism has the most cultural interactions. The tourism industry plays a major role in the growth process and this is where Iran has the right advantages. The present research which is descriptive-research, has been conducted using library practices and practical studies and, in addition to identifying strengths, examines the weaknesses of tourism growth in the current situation of tabriz and the capabilities and limitations of tourism growth in the city and mentioned to matrix of external factors affecting the growth of tourism in tabriz city . These results indicate the inadequacy of the urban transport system for the growth of urban tourism, low attention to cultural and artistic attractions, lack of adequate and adequate parking in the historical context, attention to urban furniture, as well as beatification of tourist attractions, lack of management and planning Suitable for tourism related issues by urban organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
515 - Evaluation of Malayer County's Ecotourism Arrangements with Emphasis on Manisan Target Village Using SWOT Model
mitra refahi dahrThe purpose of this research is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of ecology, to study the status of ecology resorts and to determine the ecological ecosystems in Malayer. The research will be applied and will be descriptive-analytical in nature and method. The u MoreThe purpose of this research is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of ecology, to study the status of ecology resorts and to determine the ecological ecosystems in Malayer. The research will be applied and will be descriptive-analytical in nature and method. The use of documents, documents and reports and other parts has been collected through the analysis of Swat and its strengths and weaknesses. The SWOT technique is used for field analysis. Developing laws and standards appropriate to the local tourism industry, providing training to local tourism activists, supporting investors to enter the field and closely monitoring the activities of local tourism companies, with the presence of relevant authorities. He wants. The development of the local economy and the active involvement of the private sector in the tourism industry are among the opportunities that the tourism industry can bring to the country's sustainable development of the tourism industry. Ecotourism policies must also be integrated into a systematic, integrated approach to macroeconomic, political, cultural, and social areas with a view to protecting the environment, which is a common legacy of today's and tomorrow's generations, and fostering public participation in the field. Developing infrastructure, infrastructure, and revenue from this business - reviewing the types and patterns of benefits and benefits from public and private partnerships. B The eccentricity of canvas pointed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - Investigating the Effects of Tourism on the Quality of Life of Villagers from the Perspective of the Host Community (A case study of the villages of Efraineh, Paran Parviz, and Valiasr in Poldakhtar)
sajjad bazvand tahmibeh daniyali bahram azadbakht simin armaghanThe purpose of the current research is to investigate the effects of tourism on villagers’ life quality from the perspective of the host community in the villages of Afarineh, Paran Parviz, and Valiasr in Poldokhtar. The statistical population of the research incl MoreThe purpose of the current research is to investigate the effects of tourism on villagers’ life quality from the perspective of the host community in the villages of Afarineh, Paran Parviz, and Valiasr in Poldokhtar. The statistical population of the research included the local people of Afrinah, Paran Parviz, and Valiasr villages which according to the census of 2015 was estimated to be 4084 people. To select the sample size, Cochran's formula was used based on which 351 people were sampled. One-sample t-test and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the research findings. The obtained results showed that the effects of tourism in the economic, social, environmental, physical-spatial, and health and individual welfare dimensions with averages of 3.539, 3.469, 3.592, 3.562, and 3.562 respectively were desirable. The results of the regression analysis showed that tourism had the greatest impact on the economic, social, spatial physical, individual health and well-being, and environmental dimension with beta values of 0.355, 0.278, 0.239, 0.183, and 0.113 repectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - Explaining the Role of Social Participation Components of Local Residents in Reducing the Negative Effects of Rural Tourism (A case study of villages in the central part of Fereydoun County)
ahmad momeni elnaz asherigafshe behnaz ghasemiradTourism is a community-based industry, and the participation of residents is crucial for its success and long-term sustainability. This research aims to explore the role of social participation components of local residents in reducing the negative consequences of rural MoreTourism is a community-based industry, and the participation of residents is crucial for its success and long-term sustainability. This research aims to explore the role of social participation components of local residents in reducing the negative consequences of rural tourism in the central part of Faridan. The research is of an applied type, and in terms of research method, it is a descriptive-survey type based on a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research includes the residents of villages in the central part of Faridan, which according to the last census of 2015, is equal to 14,050 people and 4,673 households. Using Cochran's formula, a sample size of 375 people was sampled. A researcher-made questionnaire was used as the measuring instrument and the face validity was verified by a panel of experts. Its reliability was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha formula, ranging between 0.963 and 0.776 for different components. The questionnaire was randomly distributed among the residents based on the distribution of the village population. The findings suggest a positive and significant relationship between all the effective components of the research (social participation) and the socio-cultural variable. In the regression test, it was found that the educational level had a more significant effect compared to other variables in improving rural tourism. Therefore, increasing participation through social capital can lead to the improvement of tourism and the reduction of the social consequences of tourism in the villages of the studied region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - Assessing the Responsibility of Tourism Industry Stakeholders in Responding to the Coronavirus Crisis: A Case Study of Catering Units Located in Tourist Routes in the County of Binalood
amin faal jalaliThe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected various sectors, including tourism activities. The social responsibility of stakeholders in the tourism industry towards tourists has become crucial, with adherence to health guidelines being a key motivat MoreThe outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected various sectors, including tourism activities. The social responsibility of stakeholders in the tourism industry towards tourists has become crucial, with adherence to health guidelines being a key motivation for the use of catering units. Tourism serves as a solution to mitigate the economic losses caused by the pandemic, particularly in small-scale areas, and social responsibility plays a vital role in the sustainability of the industry and its impact on communities. This research aims to investigate the level and extent of social responsibility compliance among government institutions, local organizations, and catering unit managers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. A questionnaire was utilized to collect data, with 280 questionnaires distributed and completed by tourism sector professionals and experts. The reliability of the data was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha test in the SPSS, and correlation tests and T-tests were conducted for data analysis. The findings indicate that restaurants demonstrated the highest level of compliance with social responsibility against the COVID-19 pandemic, with a rating of 4.25. Conversely, Lamkadeh and resorts exhibited the lowest ratings of 2.55 and 2.77, respectively. Overall, the research reveals that tourism professionals, experts, and officials are aware of their responsibility towards incoming tourists in hospitality complexes and diligently follow health protocols to combat the spread of the COVID-19 disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - Analysis of the Role of Community-Oriented Police in the Light of Restorative Justice (with an Emphasis on the Criminal System)
SEYYED SAJJAD razzaghi mousavi mehrdad rayejianasliReceive Date: 2023/01/01 Revise Date: 2023/04/30 Accep MoreReceive Date: 2023/01/01 Revise Date: 2023/04/30 Accept Date: 2023/05/07 Police institutions, which have a long archaism in different societies, were formed with the main purpose of maintaining public order and preventing crime occurrence. This institution, like public order, has evolved over the past decades in accordance with the evolution of the society's understanding of the criminal phenomenon and has shifted from traditional approaches to the new and community-oriented approaches. Nowadays, countries have faced an increase in crimes, which has caused insecurity and mistrust to the police in the society. In order to deal with this insecurity and mistrust, the governments decided to decentralize the police and also assign an important role to the society in fighting against crimes. Also, according to the current society's need for a police model which is different from the traditional police model, a restoration police was formed to respond to these needs. By using the descriptive-analytical method, the following article acknowledges the important and influential role of the police in resolving disputes and criminal issues as one of the actors of the criminal justice system. Among the most important preventive strategies of community-oriented police, we can point out the realization of interactive police instead of repressive police, the realization of ethical police instead of forceful police and playing the role of warning police instead of chasing police. On the other hand, changing the strategy from violent policies to participation-oriented criminal policies and also moving in the direction of community-oriented police model governance are among these requirements. In other words, the implementation of rehabilitation programs in the police organization requires the trust of the victims in the police as well as dignified behavior towards the victims. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - Historical-discourse reading of the Hadith of the Golden Dynasty
yahya Mirhoseini zahra hashemiThe "Golden Chain" is the most important and famous speech of the eighth Shiite Imam; The sentence was issued in 200 AH in Neishabour, at the request of a large number of non-Shiites, especially the companions of hadith. Due to the reflection of the narration in Shiite MoreThe "Golden Chain" is the most important and famous speech of the eighth Shiite Imam; The sentence was issued in 200 AH in Neishabour, at the request of a large number of non-Shiites, especially the companions of hadith. Due to the reflection of the narration in Shiite and Sunni sources, the Golden Dynasty has been much debated. A review of the many researches that have been organized on this hadith shows that ideological concepts such as monotheism and Imamate have been the most emphasized. The present article tries to explain the purpose and intention of Imam Reza (as) from the selection and retelling of this hadith by the method of historical analysis and considering the discourse conditions and emphasizing the author-oriented hermeneutics. The results of the research show that this choice was completely purposeful in order to invite Muslims and beyond the monotheistic religions to converge and ask them to stop excommunicating each other. In order to prove this hypothesis, we showed that the completion of the hadith in Shiite narrations that rely on the condition of Imamate is different from the first part in terms of narrator and purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - New Surface Marine Microplastics for Colonization, Biofilm Formation and Biodegradation
Nahid Masoumi Seyed Reza Hosseini Doust Morteza Azizollahi Maryam MianabadiWe have known that microplastics (MPs) in the ocean are carriers of microbial-dominated assemblages and are rapidly colonized by microbes when released into the ocean. However, the role of microbial interactions with microplastics in marine ecosystems has been investiga MoreWe have known that microplastics (MPs) in the ocean are carriers of microbial-dominated assemblages and are rapidly colonized by microbes when released into the ocean. However, the role of microbial interactions with microplastics in marine ecosystems has been investigated in detail recently. The presence of microplastics in the marine environment has been raising global attention. Microparticles transport biofilm communities that are distinct from the surrounding environment. Although plastic-colonizing microorganisms are important for the fate of MPs in different ecosystems their influence on the fate of microplastics is largely unknown. In this review, we focused on the establishment of plastic-specific biofilms (plastisphere); the enrichment of pathogenic bacteria coupled to a vector function of microplastics; and the microbial degradation of microplastics in the marine environment. In addition, providing a better understanding of plastisphere and biofilm expansion in marine environments, and discusses plastic biodegradation. Also, the identification of potentially pathogenic in the plastisphere is considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
522 - Islamic Lifestyle with the Focus on Verse 34 of Surah al-Nisá
Seyed Mohammad Razavi Marziyeh SaemiLifestyle in Islamic culture is a set of beliefs, values, dos and don’ts that originates from the two sources of the Qur'an and ʿItrat. The general principles and characteristics of an Islamic culture that helps the transcendent lifestyle are generally stated in t MoreLifestyle in Islamic culture is a set of beliefs, values, dos and don’ts that originates from the two sources of the Qur'an and ʿItrat. The general principles and characteristics of an Islamic culture that helps the transcendent lifestyle are generally stated in the verses of the Qur'an and its details have been explained by the infallible Imams and with its divine centrality gives direction to all aspects of life, the end of which is the individual and social transcendent of the community. The most controversial verses of the holy Qur’an is: “Men are the protectors and maintainers of women”, which in the legal system of Islam has been cited as a significant criterion in expressing the legal rules; the present study is based on the descriptive-analytical method acquiring a lifestyle based on holy verse, the author after examining the meaning of guardianship and expressing other points with regard to this holy verse, and the expression of the Islamic view (Qur'an and narrations), it has concluded that Qawwāmiyat means to have the right to manage, to protect, to be the head of the family, and it doesn’t include the meaning of Wilāyat and to have authority, in the lifestyle, especially the Islamic lifestyle, because, men have priority over women in intellect and tact, and they have more endurance in severe hardships and problems and women are emotional and emotional, so due to these bestowed and acquired virtues, men have priority over women in protecting them, and this becomes the cause of the transcendent lifestyle, while Many verses of the Holy Qur'an considers the men and women peers and remind the perfection and imperfection of both them at the same time and explicitly describes their unity, so Islam considers no difference between them in moving and traveling to God and the path to God is possible by pious thinking and acting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - Fuzzy AHP for Determining the Optimal Location of Schools: The Case of Pastoral Communities
Abdella Ali -
Open Access Article
524 - Criticism of the article "Planet and Star" by Paolo Konitch
ali tardastAbstract: The scientific references of the Holy Quran have long been of interest to Muslim and non-Muslim Quran scholars, especially Orientalists. It seems that their extensive studies are based on scientific assumptions that have not yet been fully confirmed. In the a MoreAbstract: The scientific references of the Holy Quran have long been of interest to Muslim and non-Muslim Quran scholars, especially Orientalists. It seems that their extensive studies are based on scientific assumptions that have not yet been fully confirmed. In the article "Stars and Planets" by Paulo Konitch, he mentioned several verses about stars and planets and the seven heavens, but on the other hand, alienation from Scientific issues and lack of proper understanding of the appearance of the verses and ignoring linguistics and words in the interpretation and explanation of the verses have led to wrong conclusions. With the use of interpretive knowledge and the evolution of the precise tools of experimental and definitive science, the secrets of the divine verses and their wonders are revealed, and a correct insight and understanding of the verses of the Holy Qur'an emerges. In this article, an attempt has been made to criticize this orientalist's point of view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - The relationship between the community of inquiry and the students' learning outcomes in e-learning environments
Fatemeh Narenji Sani niloufar amoee Samane HejaziThis study aimed the relationship between the community of inquiry and the outcomes of learning among students in an e-learning setting, and the statistical population of this study included students of MehrAlborz Higher Education Institute and the University of Tehran MoreThis study aimed the relationship between the community of inquiry and the outcomes of learning among students in an e-learning setting, and the statistical population of this study included students of MehrAlborz Higher Education Institute and the University of Tehran in 3 fields of study. The data were collected online through the Survey of Garrison et al., 2000 and then analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Also, to evaluate the achievement of students' learning outcomes, the weighted average of their first two semesters was considered as a criterion. The validity of the questionnaire was estimated based on the validity of the content, and its reliability was based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.83. The results of data analysis showed that in terms of cognitive presence and social presence, students of MehrAlborz Higher Education Institute are at a higher level compared to the University of Tehran, but no difference was observed between the two groups in terms of teaching attendance. On the other hand, there is a positive and significant relationship between cognitive, social, and teaching presence with the students' learning outcomes at the Mehralborz Higher Education Institute. Finally, cognitive, presence has the highest correlation with the students' learning outcomes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
526 - A Phenomenological Approach of Virtual Education in the Education System: Opportunities, Challenges and Solutions
Kamyar Azemi yaser garavand hasaan jafariVirtual education refers to an approach to teaching and learning that uses information and communication technologies to communicate and collaborate in an educational environment. The aim of this study was to identify the opportunities and challenges of virtual educatio MoreVirtual education refers to an approach to teaching and learning that uses information and communication technologies to communicate and collaborate in an educational environment. The aim of this study was to identify the opportunities and challenges of virtual education. The research design was qualitative and of the phenomenological approach. The participants included 18 teachers, principals and technology experts working in education in Lorestan province who were selected by purposeful sampling method in the academic year 2020-2021. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi''''s method. The accuracy of the data was obtained through the methods of triangulation, peer review and respondent validation. The results showed that 10 main themes and 26 sub-themes were identified. Increasing effectiveness and quality of education, flexibility and expansion of education opportunities, improving interaction and communication, and economic savings were classified as the most important virtual education opportunities. In addition, the key themes of virtual education challenges included issues related to students, teachers, content delivery and quality of education, culture, infrastructure and technology, and social interaction. In general, this study provides a deep understanding of the opportunities and challenges of virtual education in the Iranian education system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
527 - The Reflection of the Roots of Iran and the United States Conflict in International Arena from the Viewpoint of American Media Diplomacy (The Case Study: The Movie 300, the Rise of an Empire)
Bashir Esmaeili Seyed Hassan Malaekeh Alidad KeymasiAbstract: In recent decade Hollywood cinema is increasingly has paid attention to producing films and serials with the political contents relating to Iran. The set of movies called “300” is trying to exclusively deal with the difference of political thought MoreAbstract: In recent decade Hollywood cinema is increasingly has paid attention to producing films and serials with the political contents relating to Iran. The set of movies called “300” is trying to exclusively deal with the difference of political thought of ancient Iran and ancient Greece. Meanwhile the movie 300 tries to simulate the confrontation of ancient Iranian thinking and Greece thinking with the present confrontation of Islamic Republic of Iran thought and the United States. The article first examines the principle of the thinking projected in the movie “300: the Rise of an Empire” and then explains the basis of the contending thought. The hypothesis of the article is that, the movie “300” wants to infuse this point that the political foundation of thinking of East and West had been different form the ancient time and the political elevation of West against the political obstruction and despotism of the East had been continuing ever since. Therefore, the conflict between Iran and the United States in international scene is a confrontation between freedom and democracy and despotism which has their roots in ancient time. The methodology used in the paper is a mix of Van Dyke’s discourse and Roland Barthes analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - Security Strategies of China against Geopolitical and Geostrategic Actions of the United States
Mohsen ZamaniAbstract: The relations between China and the United States may be the most complex and the most controversial relations among the big powers. These relations are affected by numerous variables and in many cases have been opposite and unpredictable. China is a represent MoreAbstract: The relations between China and the United States may be the most complex and the most controversial relations among the big powers. These relations are affected by numerous variables and in many cases have been opposite and unpredictable. China is a representative of the newly emerged powers and the United States is the representative of traditional powers. They have been considered as two rival and conflicting powers in world policies of the twenty first century. These complicated relations and China's emerging as a world power and the consequent repercussion of it is important in international system. Understanding the security strategies of these two countries in geostrategic and geopolitical region of the world will guide us about future prospect of international system. The present article tries to use an analytical model that is a moderation of the model of structural realism of Kenneth Waltz and raises this question that "what is China's security strategy against the geopolitical movements of the United States in geostrategic areas?" It is seen that China's security strategy is having four behavioral models of hard and soft balance, hard trail and soft trail which is based on relative strength, relative security and relative ideology. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical based on library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
529 - Actions and Interaction of Ethnic Groups in Cyberspace: Opportunities and Challenges
علی اشرف نظری مجتبی قلی پورAbstract The profound changes that have occurred in information technology, communication, industrial technology and internet have great impact on human individual and social life. Nowadays understanding the world politics, culture, economy and society is not possible MoreAbstract The profound changes that have occurred in information technology, communication, industrial technology and internet have great impact on human individual and social life. Nowadays understanding the world politics, culture, economy and society is not possible without understanding the role of internet. That is why researchers and writers in various disciplines of knowledge are doing serious research about the impact of internet on different aspects of life. The impact of this technology on the emergence and spread of new forms of social interaction between different groups of a society is very important. The present article tries to explain why different groups of the society have welcomed interaction in cyberspace. The paper also examines the facilities and opportunities as well as threats and challenges which have been created by the use of internet. This question finds importance in view of subjects like principle of national identity, national solidarity and national sovereignty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - Crisis of Decision Making in North Korea Nuclear Crisis
Saeed EslameeAbstract The aim of the present article is to examine the strategies and decisions taken by the United States and North Korea and their outcome during North Korea nuclear crisis. In this direction the article has made use of John Bram’s Theory of Moves. From 1993 MoreAbstract The aim of the present article is to examine the strategies and decisions taken by the United States and North Korea and their outcome during North Korea nuclear crisis. In this direction the article has made use of John Bram’s Theory of Moves. From 1993 when the issue of North Korea nuclear program was considered as a crisis for world community, strategies and counter strategies were made by the United States and North Korea. These moves eventually led to production of nuclear weapon and nuclear tests by North Korea in the years of 2006 and 2009. Consequently the United States cut its economic aid to North Korea and imposed extensive economic sanctions against North Korea within the framework of the security council of the United Nations. From the viewpoint of the article each decision (move) taken by each side was for maximizing of interests and minimizing the threat. Of course these decisions had a close relation with the decision taken by the opposite party. Therefore, the strategies of the two countries were fluctuating within the framework of compromise or hardline position. The finding of the study shows that initially the aim of North Korea by producing nuclear weapon was not deterrence but, taking some concessions (security guarantees, fuel, and food) but taking into consideration what North Korea was considering as the United States obstructionism, led to hard decision of making nuclear weapon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - An Analysis of the Security Crisis in Yemen: the Causes and Context
سید امیر نیاکوئی احسان اعجازیAbstract The present paper wants to explain the causes of security crisis of Yemen after the Arab Spring by the help of theories of security. Yemen which faced internal conflicts in the past after unification plunged into widespread insecurity and civil war after the A MoreAbstract The present paper wants to explain the causes of security crisis of Yemen after the Arab Spring by the help of theories of security. Yemen which faced internal conflicts in the past after unification plunged into widespread insecurity and civil war after the Arab Spring. Taking into consideration the present condition of Yemen, the present paper wants to answer this question that “what factors prepared the ground for the formation of security crisis in Yemen”? The paper uses descriptive-analytical method and the toll for collection of data is library sources. The finding of the study shows that complicated multi-layer mixtures of internal and external factors which strengthen each other have led to the formation of Yemen security crisis. The paper argues that Yemen is moving towards chaotic rule and the military intervention of Saudi Arabia in support of pro-Saudi tribes and groups has exacerbated the insecurity and conflicts. The article explains the Yemen’s development from the viewpoint of Little theory of security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - The United States Media policy against Russia: Hollywood and New Cold War and Revival of Russia Phobia
Bashir Esmaeil Seyed Hassan MalaekehAbstract: During the Cold War besides arms and ideological competition between the United States and Soviet Union which was based on balance of power, the United States supremacy in cultural production especially in the form of Hollywood cinema was used as a soft war ag MoreAbstract: During the Cold War besides arms and ideological competition between the United States and Soviet Union which was based on balance of power, the United States supremacy in cultural production especially in the form of Hollywood cinema was used as a soft war against the latter. After the disintegration of Soviet Union, gradually the focus of media war of the United States changed from communism to Islam and the Middle East region. This trend was intensified after September 11, 2001 incidents. A large wave of cultural products was produced with Islam phobia content. Meanwhile by the expansion of the influence of Russia in some regions of the world and formation of a new balance of power and rivalry which some observers interpreted it as new Cold War, the media war of America against Russia has been revived. The main question raised by the article is whether the developments in relations of the United States with Russia have affected media policy of America against Russia?” The finding of the study shows that after some of Russia’s success in strategic places of the world the United States media policy after a period of propaganda against Islamist and the Muslims they are now focusing on Russia phobia policy. The methodology used in the paper is comparative and interpretative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - A Study of the Power Structure in West Asia Region with Emphasis on Five Littoral States of Persian Gulf (Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirate, Kuwait, Oman)
hosein mirzaei mostafa madaniAbstract: For the examination of national power it is necessary to evaluate and calculate different economic, social, political, territorial and cultural factors of a country. Understanding and measurement of the national power of countries for determining their status MoreAbstract: For the examination of national power it is necessary to evaluate and calculate different economic, social, political, territorial and cultural factors of a country. Understanding and measurement of the national power of countries for determining their status and geopolitical weight has been the focus of attention of scientists and political observers. It can be said that there is a direct relation between the national power of a country and their participation in international scene. The purpose of the present paper is to study and evaluate the national power (both hard and soft power) of the five littoral states of Persian Gulf neighboring Iran. They are the United Arab Emirate, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman and Bahrain. The main question raised by the paper is “what is the power structure of these five countries neighboring Iran. The hypothesis is that the national determinants of power of the selected countries of the West Asia region keeps these countries at three levels; namely United Arab Emirate-Qatar, Kuwait-Oman and Bahrain. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical based on library materials. The finding of the study shows that the power structure of the five selected countries places them at three levels of power, in the first level of power is United Arab Emirate and Qatar, and in the second level is Kuwait and Oman and at the third level is Bahrain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
534 - The United Strategy and the Regional Order of the Middle East: From Classic Hegemony to Moderate Hegemony
ali mohammadi zia mohammad sotodeAbstract: The Middle East is a region with significant geostrategic and geopolitical place. This region is having great source of energy and for this reason it has been the focus of attention of extra-regional powers. The United States as the sole big power of the world MoreAbstract: The Middle East is a region with significant geostrategic and geopolitical place. This region is having great source of energy and for this reason it has been the focus of attention of extra-regional powers. The United States as the sole big power of the world has paid special attention to this region and tries to pursue its objectives through different strategies. The present article by a documentary method and referring to documents of national security of the United States wants to know the strategy of the United States within the framework of regional orders. The underlying hypothesis is that the strategy of the United States for creating regional order in the Middle East has undergone change from classic hegemony to moderate hegemony. The finding of the study shows the new strategy of the United States is based on cooperation with the Middle East countries with minimum common interest of them. For this purpose the United States seeks legitimacy and support for the exercise of its power and actions in the region and the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
535 - Iraqi Kurdistan and Islamic Republic of Iran in an Era of interdependence: Opportunities and challenges
Hossein Masoudnia Ali Ebrahimi Mojtaba RezazadehAbstract: Undoubtedly the geopolitical location of Iran and Iraq and their economic, political and cultural ties has intertwined in history and in an era of interdependence one can witness the interactions of the above spheres. One of the regions where has great importa MoreAbstract: Undoubtedly the geopolitical location of Iran and Iraq and their economic, political and cultural ties has intertwined in history and in an era of interdependence one can witness the interactions of the above spheres. One of the regions where has great importance in new Iraq is the autonomous region of Kurdistan. This region has great geopolitical significance and it is necessary to know that what opportunities and challenges it has for the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present article by adopting mutual interdependence as its theoretical framework wants to answer this question as to what potentials and factors Iraqi Kurdistan have to influence Islamic Republic of Iran. The underlying hypothesis is that the relations between Iran and Iraqi Kurdistan in issues like culture, terrorism and regional security, economic activities and the issue of energy can create opportunities and challenges for Islamic Republic of Iran. The present article by a qualitative method and descriptive-analytical approach deals with the problem. The finding of the study shows that the right understanding of the importance and place of Iraqi Kurdistan can help to achieve Iran's interests and contain the threats from the latter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
536 - The Geopolitics of Ukraine and its Role in the Competition of Russia and the United States of America
Asghar Safari Saeed VosoghiAbstract On 21st November 2013 the Ukrainian president Victor Yanukovych in a meeting in Lithuania cancelled the agreement on trade and cooperation with European Union and refused to sign it. This led to widespread protest in Ukraine and five people were killed in the MoreAbstract On 21st November 2013 the Ukrainian president Victor Yanukovych in a meeting in Lithuania cancelled the agreement on trade and cooperation with European Union and refused to sign it. This led to widespread protest in Ukraine and five people were killed in the ensuing unrest. After this incident Ukraine entered one of its most serious political turmoil after Orange revolution in 2004. As in similar crisis like Syrian crisis in 2011, Russia and the United States took side in favor of the government and protesters and this led to the confrontation of the two. The question raised here is what is the importance of Ukraine for Russia and the United States? The present article argues that the main root cause of confrontation of Russia and the United States in Ukraine is geopolitical importance of Ukraine and geopolitical competition of Russia and the United States in post-Cold War era. Ukraine is one of the most important strategic regions of Eurasia and Eastern Europe. The purpose of the present research is to examine the most important determinants affecting the attitude of Russia and West in Ukraine crisis. For analyzing the above issue, geopolitics theory has been used and the research methodology is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
537 - The impact of women's rights in the foreign policy of the united states towards the Islamic Republic of Iran
Elham satari Gholam Hossein BolandianAbstract Women like men are entitled to fundamental social, cultural, economic and political rights, but the question that these rights and their bases are different in Islam and West is a debatable issue and is worth study and scrutiny. The main question raised by the MoreAbstract Women like men are entitled to fundamental social, cultural, economic and political rights, but the question that these rights and their bases are different in Islam and West is a debatable issue and is worth study and scrutiny. The main question raised by the present paper is "what is the impact of women’s right on the United States foreign policy vis-à-vis Islamic Republic of Iran"? The underlying hypothesis is that women’s rights has affected the United States foreign policy against Islamic Republic of Iran and it is one of the key factors for continuation of hostility and imposing pressure by the United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Although there are conventions and rules in the West with slogans like equality and women’s right and responsibility of women is the Islamic Republic of Iran on the basis of gender justice, taking into consideration the ability of women their share and role in decision-making and politics is still low. This can be an excuse for the United States to exert pressure against the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and historical, using library tool. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
538 - The United States and Promotion of Democracy in Latin America: The Case of Venezuela
Ahmad Sabouri Nejad Akram TahaDemocracy promotion is one of the most important US strategies after the cold war to keep its dominance and influence in Latin America. Accompaniment and the appropriateness of this policy with the formation of the third wave of democratization caused American politicia MoreDemocracy promotion is one of the most important US strategies after the cold war to keep its dominance and influence in Latin America. Accompaniment and the appropriateness of this policy with the formation of the third wave of democratization caused American politicians to use it as a tool to promote their plans in the region. By considering democracy promotion (William Robinson’s view) in Latin America with focus on Venezuela as its basis, this article tries to investigate on the basis of what criteria and mechanisms has US applied democracy promotion to Latin America? The results of this study show that over the last quarter, US government has made endless efforts and planning in Latin America to let those elites, who agreed with neoliberal economic system and free market, come to power. Therefore it tried to prevent people, groups, nationalist and left-wing parties and totally, those who opposed neoliberal economic system from coming to power. To this end, destabilization of left and nationalist governments in the target countries was of the most important mechanisms in democracy promotion policy in Latin America; A policy which was pursued during all Hugo Chavez administration and even after that. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
539 - Analysis and Critique of Obama’s Foreign Policy
Hossein KarimifardAbstract After Obama came into power as president, there has been a shift in the United States foreign policy orientation. While during George Bush unilateralism and emphasis on achieving security and interest through hardware method was on the agenda, Obama based his MoreAbstract After Obama came into power as president, there has been a shift in the United States foreign policy orientation. While during George Bush unilateralism and emphasis on achieving security and interest through hardware method was on the agenda, Obama based his foreign policy on multilateralism, soft power, public diplomacy, democracy and international norms. The present article first summarily examines Obama’s foreign policy then the criticism to his foreign policy in the Middle East and Ukraine crisis are reviewed. The article by relying on specialized articles on the United States foreign policy and by analytical explanative method wants to prove the hypothesis that the critics blame Obama for backing out, isolationism, weakening the position of the United States in world affairs and losing the position of leadership. The critics are also of the view that the United States has lost her self-confidence and is not in a position to take firm stand for supporting her allies. For this reason the United States allies have lost their faith in her position as a world leader. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
540 - A Study of the Potentials and Challenges of India to Become a Major Power with a Futures Studies Perspective
Ebrahim TaheriAbstract: The position of countries like England, China, Russia and France as big powers in international system shows that for becoming a great power one has to activate the domestic, regional and international potentials and the absence of any of these components can MoreAbstract: The position of countries like England, China, Russia and France as big powers in international system shows that for becoming a great power one has to activate the domestic, regional and international potentials and the absence of any of these components can impede the process of becoming influential power in international arena. This is also true about India and its position in international system. Although India has an important place in technological field, the world largest democracy and the world second largest population but in terms of economic, political and socio-cultural dimension face serious problems. For example more than 400 million people of the population live with one dollar a day. At the regional level India faces serious challenge from China and Pakistan and there are complicated border problems with these countries which are not resolved easily. Internationally also India is not an influential country. The present paper wants to evaluate the opportunities and challenges facing India to become a great power taking into consideration the economic, political, military and security determinants. The methodology used in the paper is futures studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - The Energy Security Policy of the United States and Geopolitics of Iran’s Energy
عنایت اله یزدانی بهمن ربیعی نیا حسین مهدیانAbstract: The energy relations of Iran and the United States are having a different pattern comparing to energy relations of Iran with other energy consumers of the world. Iran is the second largest country with hydrocarbon reserves and the United States is the biggest MoreAbstract: The energy relations of Iran and the United States are having a different pattern comparing to energy relations of Iran with other energy consumers of the world. Iran is the second largest country with hydrocarbon reserves and the United States is the biggest consumer of energy in the world. The energy relations of both the countries are related to the existing political problems between them and are based on confrontation. At present the most important determinant affecting the energy relation of Iran is political obligations. The strategic place of energy security for national security of both Iran and the United States and Iran’s high vulnerability about the energy relations and an economy mainly based on the sale of oil and the existing political hostility between the two have caused more sensitivity towards each other’s policies. The present article by a descriptive-analytical method wants to examine and analyze the impact of energy policy of the United States on geopolitics of energy of Iran in the contexts of energy sanctions (sale, foreign investment and energy pipelines) and the increase of world production. The place of both the countries in geopolitical structure of world shows this fact that in most cases the actions of the United States is in the direction of limiting the geopolitical place of Iran and Iran’s reaction to the above said policies is to neutralize or reduce the impact of the policies of the United States. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
542 - Confrontation and Competition of Iran and the United States in Afghanistan after 11 September 2001
Morteza Mossadeghi Seifolah FazlinejadAbstract: Afghanistan’s developments are important for Islamic Republic of Iran which is having long borders with that country. The September 11th events and the invasion of the United States to Afghanistan and overthrow of Taliban added to sensitivity and importa MoreAbstract: Afghanistan’s developments are important for Islamic Republic of Iran which is having long borders with that country. The September 11th events and the invasion of the United States to Afghanistan and overthrow of Taliban added to sensitivity and importance of this country. Iran and the United States had common interests in overthrowing Taliban but this periodic understanding was marred after the United States president George Bush Junior declared Iran as “Axis of Evil” in January 2002 and hostility between the two countries further increased. After Obama came into power in 2009, the possibility of military confrontation lowered. The signing of strategic treaty between the United States and Afghanistan added to Iran’s security concern and mutual concern continued and in some stages Iran was accused of helping Taliban. The withdrawal and the departure of American troops provided another opportunity for interaction with Iran. The United States after a decade of unsuccessful intervention in Afghanistan should realize that Iran is a good partner for improving the prospect of peace and stability in Afghanistan. Both the countries have common interests in many issues in Afghanistan including helping Afghan government, fighting smuggling of narcotic drugs, dealing with crisis of Afghan refugees, helping strengthening Afghan security forces and creating suitable atmosphere for national reconciliation but the tensions in relations of Iran and the United States have hindered attaining these objectives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
543 - Future Studies of the Middle East over the Next Three Decades; Analysis of the Trends of Fight against Terrorism at the International Level
محمدعلی بصیری زهرا آقامحمدیAbstract: The Middle East is one of the most important regions of the world that has been affected by terrorism as one of the most serious security threats for the future of the region. Although the states in the region have adopted different strategies to fight his phe MoreAbstract: The Middle East is one of the most important regions of the world that has been affected by terrorism as one of the most serious security threats for the future of the region. Although the states in the region have adopted different strategies to fight his phenomenon yet these strategies have not been able to effectively resolve the problem in the region and at the international level. The present article takes the help of English school theory of international relations and wants to answer this question as to what desirable and probable trend will exist in future for dealing with terrorism at the international level? The finding of the study shows that a scenario with characteristic like the solidarity of international community in fight against terrorism, more serious leadership of the United Nations, commitment to human rights while fighting against terrorism, formation of a coherent operational strategy, accepting the jurisdiction of International Punitive Court for punishing the agents of terrorist acts and strengthening equality and justice, will be the most favorable and probable outlook for fight against terrorism in the international arena in coming three decades. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the threats coming from terrorism and the opportunities for fighting against it with coming three decades with the cooperation of international community under the leadership of the United Nations. The methodology used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and futures studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
544 - A Comparison of the Unilateral and Multilateral Approaches of the United States towards the Nuclear Program of Iran
Hamed Ameri Golestani Behroz ShojaeeAbstract: Iran’s nuclear program is one of the major issues in the relationship of Iran and the United States after the Islamic Revolution. The United States different and ambiguous positions towards the nuclear program of Iran have played a significant role in pr MoreAbstract: Iran’s nuclear program is one of the major issues in the relationship of Iran and the United States after the Islamic Revolution. The United States different and ambiguous positions towards the nuclear program of Iran have played a significant role in prolongation and ups and down of the problem. The two approaches of unilateralism and multilateralism are among the most important positions. During George Bush (Junior) presidency, the United States was pursuing unilateralist policies and playing the role of a hegemon. In the last years of Bush administration due to weak policy in the Middle East, it changed into multilateralism. With the arrival of Obama into White House, the United States pursued multilateral policies in various areas including Iranian nuclear program. The outcome of this policy was negotiation with Iran on nuclear program and cooperation with the 5+1 group of countries and a change in Iran’s position. The present article by a comparative approach wants to compare the two approaches of the United States. The main question of the article is “how can we compare the approaches of Bush administration and Obama administration about Iranian nuclear program?” The underlying hypothesis is that the comparison of the policies of the two administrations shows that hegemony and militarism is the indicators of unilateralism and international cooperation and institutionalism are important indicators of multilateralism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
545 - Donald Trump Foreign Policy Survey in the Middle East (Objectives and Interests)
saeed jahangiri Alireza Azghandi naser garusiThe main objective of this article is to examine US foreign policy with the pioneering government of Donald Tramp and seek to rethink the presence of the United States and its interests in a region of major importance for the Middle East. The paper also examines Tramp's MoreThe main objective of this article is to examine US foreign policy with the pioneering government of Donald Tramp and seek to rethink the presence of the United States and its interests in a region of major importance for the Middle East. The paper also examines Tramp's declared policy on the Middle East and the challenges it faces. The main question of the article is that what is the foreign policy of Tramp in the Middle East based on? In response to the hypothesis of the article, there are several factors involved in US decision-making and foreign policy, and Donald Trump's government, in pursuit of the goals of the United States and its government, contrary to its propaganda slogans and its opposition to policies The former president, as well as the decisive factors such as the pressure of the Zionist lobbies, Saudi Arabia dollars and other factors, have withdrawn from their declarations and inevitably forced them to follow the policies of the past (in the Middle East) And even seeks to increase tensions in the region Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
546 - Examining the opportunities and Threats of the European Union presence in the Central Asian region
zahra akbari hadis bagheriniaThe end of the Cold War marked the beginning of a new era for the European Union in Central Asia the ,, law and respect for human rights. The present study, based on the SOWT model and using descriptive-analytical methods, examines the opportunities and threats of the E MoreThe end of the Cold War marked the beginning of a new era for the European Union in Central Asia the ,, law and respect for human rights. The present study, based on the SOWT model and using descriptive-analytical methods, examines the opportunities and threats of the European Union in the Central Asian region. The main question of this research is what opportunities and threats does the EU's presence in Central Asia pose to this EU? According to this question, the two-part hypothesis of the research is: A) Opportunity: Central Asia's need for investment at various levels and high capacities of the European Union will lead to the presence of this union in the region and the achievement of its political and economic goals; B) Threat: The EU's overemphasis on liberal goals and the promotion of democracy and human rights in Central Asia will fail the EU to achieve its goals. The results of the study show that on the one hand, the EU's great attention to European values and on the other hand, the lack of unity on human rights issues in the EU have led to threats for the EU. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
547 - Trump's foreign policy in the Middle East
Abdolreza Yousefi Mianji Hossein daheshiar Nozar shafiee Rahmat HajiminehTrump's victory in the 2016 presidential election was an unexpected event. The main purpose of this article is to examine Trump's foreign policy in the Middle East. The main question of this article is: What are the determining factors and components of US foreign polic MoreTrump's victory in the 2016 presidential election was an unexpected event. The main purpose of this article is to examine Trump's foreign policy in the Middle East. The main question of this article is: What are the determining factors and components of US foreign policy in the Middle East? In response to this question, various factors of US foreign policy in the Middle East have been examined. The research findings show that the theory of aggressive realism, while fundamental-theoretical in nature, has a practical nature. This theory has given a good answer to the behavior of the actors of the international system. According to the study, Trump's foreign policy seeks to maintain its position in the region and prevent the emergence of a regional hegemon that could destabilize the balance of power and challenge US hegemony in the world. This study is theoretical-fundamental and has been done by descriptive-analytical method and library resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
548 - The role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in softening Russia's balance with the America
محمود علیپور گرجی Abdul Majid Seifi Mohadeseh RozbahaniCompetition and balancing were the major features of the Cold War era. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the international system has undergone a change and has crossed the bipolar stage, and the United States became one of the areas of the international distribut MoreCompetition and balancing were the major features of the Cold War era. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the international system has undergone a change and has crossed the bipolar stage, and the United States became one of the areas of the international distribution of power structure, and the other actors were marginalized. After Georgia and Ukraine crises, Russia began new balancing with the United States, but, it has not the power and influence of previous years and cannot balance directly with the United States, so it has turned to indirect opposition. In this soft balancing, Russia considers the states like Islamic Republic of Iran which have anti-hegemonic approach in their foreign policy. This consideration is caused to this question: what is the status of Islamic Republic of Iran in Russia’s soft balancing against the United States of America? This article investigates the status of Islamic Republic of Iran in Russia’s soft balancing against the United States. This article has been conducted using descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
549 - The Confrontation of Law and Power: A Comparative study on Applaying the Responsibility to Protect in Syria and Libya Crises
Najva hazeri ghodrat ahmadian farzad rostamiThe international arena has always been the site of competition for state actors. After World War II, the will of the international community to internationalize and legalize internationally formed bodies such as the United Nations was to peacefully resolve its crises a MoreThe international arena has always been the site of competition for state actors. After World War II, the will of the international community to internationalize and legalize internationally formed bodies such as the United Nations was to peacefully resolve its crises and issues through collective action. To be solved by the international community. Due to the growing need for human rights, civil laws were developed in the field, one of which was the principle of responsibility for responding to human rights abuses in Rwanda, Kosovo and Bosnia. This principle was defined as a timely and decisive response to acts of violence by the Security Council on behalf of the international community. The question here is: Why does the Security Council doctrine of responsibility for support in Libya but not Syria? In response to this question, it is suggested that the consensus of the great powers in the application of the doctrine of responsibility for protection in Libya and the lack of consensus of the great powers in the absence of this principle in Syria overpower Has led to the law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
550 - Analysis of the Corona crisis in the United States with emphasis on the crisis of legitimacy of the Donald Trump administration
sayed ghasem zamani Ali MohammaddoustThe main issue in this regard has been Trump's policies and approaches to the fight against and control of the coronavirus on the one hand, and the support of various sections and classes of the American society, including medical, economic, and so on. An issue that did MoreThe main issue in this regard has been Trump's policies and approaches to the fight against and control of the coronavirus on the one hand, and the support of various sections and classes of the American society, including medical, economic, and so on. An issue that did not materialize in practice and led to protests from a wide range of people, giving him a broad functional legitimacy for Trump and the neoconservative administration. In this article, the authors attempt to answer the question: what impact the Corona crisis has had on the functioning and legitimacy of the Trump administration, and what is the possible future for the US socio-political system? The authors' hypothesis in this article indicates the intensification of the Trump administration's crisis of legitimacy during the outbreak of the Coronavirus in this country, and the findings of the article show that the use of written descriptive and analytical methods, the use of written and library resources indicate the possible occurrence of three It will be a major consequence for Trump. First; Defeat in the upcoming US presidential election; Second, the deepening of bipolarity in the United States and, ultimately, the emergence of security crises in the United States Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
551 - Scrutinizing the probabilities of breaking out a war in the wake of China's rise into arena of great powers
Mahdi NasrChina alone has questioned lots of presuppositions of the world system after the cold war, those which were in America's benefit. Now the question is whether China's rise, just as status quo, will traverse a peaceful trajectory. To answer this question, we should consid MoreChina alone has questioned lots of presuppositions of the world system after the cold war, those which were in America's benefit. Now the question is whether China's rise, just as status quo, will traverse a peaceful trajectory. To answer this question, we should consider different suppositions. The first supposition is piece in the meaning of Chinese surrendering to U.S. and the acceptance of American intentions in East Asia and in other regions in the world. The second one is China's confrontation with the United States and entering into war with U.S. in regions dominated by this country, especially eastern Asia. But there is a mediocre third supposition. In this supposition, one country can neither go to immediate war, nor do its interests and power allow it to compromise. Our hypothesis is that China follows the third logic, i. e. neither war nor piece. But if China's rise continues, disputes will grow notably in eastern Asia. This essay uses "offensive realism" as a theoretical framework to be applied on this subject. The results are going to be shown according to history and experimental considerations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
552 - Changes in US Middle East Presence Methodology: Reasons and Contexts
amirhossein nemati Jalal Torkashvand alireza naeejDue to its high geopolitical and geostrategic capacities, the West Asian region has always been considered and intervened by global and trans-regional powers, and a significant part of the security structure of this region and its transformation also depends on the entr MoreDue to its high geopolitical and geostrategic capacities, the West Asian region has always been considered and intervened by global and trans-regional powers, and a significant part of the security structure of this region and its transformation also depends on the entry and exit and the type of action and strategy of trans-regional powers. has it. The United States has always been the most important and influential trans-regional power in West Asia since World War II. The country has always offered interest-based approaches in its foreign policy in line with the changes in politics and power in the region. Following the developments in West Asia in 2011, the foreign policy approach of US governments, as the largest intervening trans-regional power, has undergone more fundamental changes than in the past, and US leaders appear to be seeking a new methodology for US presence in West Asia. Given the importance of the country's role in the global equations, especially the equations of the West Asian region, this article is a percentage with a descriptive-analytical approach and using the theoretical framework of Randall Schuller's balance of interests to answer the important question What is the United States of America in West Asia? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
553 - Offshore Balancing and the United States Foreign Policy toward ISIS
محمود علیپور گرجی Abdul Majid seifi Sanaz YousefiIn recent years, the formation and enlargement of the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham (ISIS) lead to new dynamics in Middle East politics. It regards to the US foreign policy toward the ISIS impact on the new structure of relations, coalitions and disintegrations in the MoreIn recent years, the formation and enlargement of the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham (ISIS) lead to new dynamics in Middle East politics. It regards to the US foreign policy toward the ISIS impact on the new structure of relations, coalitions and disintegrations in the region. In the basis of offshore balancing grand strategy, the United States tries to prevent in formation any regional hegemon in the Middle East. The main question of this article is: what we can explain the United States foreign policy toward the ISIS(From 2013 to 2017) in the Middle East? The hypothesis of this article is: «the United States by using of offshore balancing grand strategy, in one hand, buck-passing the liability of control of the ISIS to Iran, Syria and Iraq, and the other hand, using ISIS as an instrument for balance of power in the Middle East». The present study is an applied research in a descriptive-analytical method. The findings of the study indicate that the United States in 2013-2017 is trying to curb ISIS on the one hand and increase its influence on the other hand at the expense of the government to which it has been transferred. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
554 - Scenarios of regional order with the withdrawal of American troops from the Middle East (from the perspective of the TAIDA model)
Ebrahim Meraji Hossein Daheshiar Mohammadreza DehshiriProper planning based on future trends to advance national security goals and national interests is one of the most important tasks of strategists in each country.Considering the importance of scenario planning in strategic studies, present paper attempts to use the res MoreProper planning based on future trends to advance national security goals and national interests is one of the most important tasks of strategists in each country.Considering the importance of scenario planning in strategic studies, present paper attempts to use the research methodology of the future research and using the TAIDA model, which focuses on the five approaches of " Tracking, Analyzing, Deciding, and Action", The author seeks to examine possible scenarios for regional order in the event of the withdrawal of US troops from the region. With this statement, the main question of the present study is: What will be the possible scenarios regarding the regional order of the withdrawal of American troops from the region?Scenarios include: - The vacuum of power and the development of the activities of non-governmental forces such as ISIS and the resulting disorder.- The possibility that some countries in the region will prevail and its order will be formed based on their interests.- Formation of regional convergence for security by the countries of the region.Finally, the author will try to express the desired scenario from the point of view of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
555 - Artificial intelligence; The new arena of power competition between China and the United States
Mehdi Hedayati Shahidani Javad Ramezanpour ShalmaniNew technologies in the post-industrial revolution era have the ability to change the balance of power. Artificial intelligence is no exception. This technology has the ability to penetrate all areas from economy, business and services to security and defense issues. Ac MoreNew technologies in the post-industrial revolution era have the ability to change the balance of power. Artificial intelligence is no exception. This technology has the ability to penetrate all areas from economy, business and services to security and defense issues. Accordingly, none of the major countries and powers want to be left behind in this field. The main research question is, what effect has artificial intelligence had on the competition between China and the United States? Based on the findings, despite the increased competition and challenge between Beijing and Washington in artificial intelligence and related technologies and the imposition of sanctions by the United States against China in the field of hardware related to artificial intelligence, there is significant cooperation between the scientists of these two countries in the field of producing articles and scientific research. There is. Also, Beijing has been able to overtake the United States in the production of scientific articles, patents related to artificial intelligence and big data. The United States is also a leader in the production of hardware and chips and is trying to use this advantage to stop China's progress. This article is done using descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
556 - Security strategies of the United States of America regarding China and its impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)
hossein mozneb Mohammadreza Ghaedi reza simberThe impact of American national security strategies on other countries has always been the focus of international relations researchers. Some theorists believe that the all-round growth of China in the last twenty years has threatened the interests of many countries, es MoreThe impact of American national security strategies on other countries has always been the focus of international relations researchers. Some theorists believe that the all-round growth of China in the last twenty years has threatened the interests of many countries, especially the United States. This research seeks to answer the question, what effect has the security strategy of the United States of America regarding China had on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)? In response to the proposed hypothesis that "according to the strategic security threats of the United States against China, this country has been looking for new alliances between important regional players, which has led to a strategic alliance between China and Iran". After examining the sources of the first category (economic and security strategies) with a descriptive-analytical method, the results showed: the national security strategy of the United States of America, from 2001 to 2021, has always mentioned China and Iran as an international threat, to The way that China's role is more pronounced and Iran's role in the next stages are in these strategies. According to Stephen Walt, when two or more states face an imminent common threat,... Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
557 - Britain’s European Policy Discourse: A Metaphoric Analysis (Text in Persian)
Homira Moshirzadeh Fatemeh HamoeiThe relations of Britain and European Union have always been one of the important and controversial issues in domestic political scene of Britain for the past fifty years due to negative attitude of Britain towards European integration and unity. The question which the MoreThe relations of Britain and European Union have always been one of the important and controversial issues in domestic political scene of Britain for the past fifty years due to negative attitude of Britain towards European integration and unity. The question which the present article wants to examine is how this skeptical and stressful attitude of Britain towards European unity has shaped and what circumstances have helped shaping this outlook? The present article wants by making use of “perceptual-cognitive theory” of Lakoff and Johnson and metaphoric documentation analysis method of Millikan and also by examining the language used in speeches، statement of politicians and foreign ministers of Britain in relation to European integration، extract and analyze metaphors، signs، premise، symbols and systems indicating this discourse and explain the possibility of this attitude in foreign policy، the process of shaping British and European identity and also the common custom of this country towards European policy and the dynamic of such interpretation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
558 - The United Kingdom and Europe Foreign Policy Discourse Analysis (Laclau and Mouffe Model)
Ahmad Naghibzadeh Fatemeh HamoeiBritain as a European power is always famous for her opposition to deepening integration in Europe and Europeanization. In fact this country is one of the staunchest opposition of converting the European Union into European federation. The observers are of the view that MoreBritain as a European power is always famous for her opposition to deepening integration in Europe and Europeanization. In fact this country is one of the staunchest opposition of converting the European Union into European federation. The observers are of the view that it is only the economic compulsion that has made Britain join the process of integration and this country is having a supra Atlantic outlook. The present paper by taking the help of discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe wants to identify and analyze the signs (signifier and signified) present in foreign policy discourse of European Union which is articulated by Britain as an important member of the union and also examine the formative discourse atmosphere in order to explain the process of making British and European identity and to make possible the tense approach of Britain foreign policy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
559 - Futures Research and sudies about the Process of Integration and Unity in Islamic World
Mohammad Reza Ghaedi Alireza GolshaniAbstract: The present article tries to describe the internal and external challenges to the unity of Islamic world. In this direction the existing processes in the Islamic world have been explained to find out whether the present situation is an integration or disintegr MoreAbstract: The present article tries to describe the internal and external challenges to the unity of Islamic world. In this direction the existing processes in the Islamic world have been explained to find out whether the present situation is an integration or disintegration. The present research by taking into consideration the realities of international system and the existing process in the Islamic world, wants to know whether the unity of Islamic world is possible in future? The finding of the study indicates that by examining the existing situation in the Islamic world one comes to the conclusion that due to contradiction of the Islamic states, in short term we cannot witness the unity of Muslims. For solving this problem, first a plan of Islamic world unity should be prepared and this plan should initially bring about a consensus among the governmental and intellectual elite. Then practical measures and common programs should substitute hostility and contain extremism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
560 - AIPAC and its Influence on the United States of America’s Election
Reza Simbar kianoush NazariAbstract: The decentralized and distributed political structure of the United States has led to a situation that many groups and organizations have been able to affect the complicated process of decision making. Although the Jews comprise only three percent of the Unit MoreAbstract: The decentralized and distributed political structure of the United States has led to a situation that many groups and organizations have been able to affect the complicated process of decision making. Although the Jews comprise only three percent of the United States population yet they have been able to become the most influential ethnic minority in the power structure of the country. The American Jews have created prominent set of different organizations for influencing the United States foreign policy. In this regard the role of American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) as the most powerful and known American Jewish organization is quite conspicuous. The present article wants to know what role AIPAC plays in elections of the members of American Congress and President. The underlying hypothesis is that the majority of congressional and presidential candidates try to attract a positive view of this organization and benefit from its extensive financial support and propaganda. In exchange AIPAC by offering these facilities to candidates wants to shape public opinion and influence foreign policy making institutions to achieve its goals which are mobilizing support for Israel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
561 - The Impact of Iraqi Kurdistan Geopolitics on Foreign Policy of the United States in Iraq (2003-2012)
Seyyed Jalal Dehghani Firouzabadi Khezr Khadiri VarikThe developments of the 2003 of Iraq have totally changed the political chessboard of this country as compared with the past. The United States with the aim of establishing a united secular central government implemented the first step of her policies but later it had t MoreThe developments of the 2003 of Iraq have totally changed the political chessboard of this country as compared with the past. The United States with the aim of establishing a united secular central government implemented the first step of her policies but later it had to change her approach and implemented the second step of her policies (pursuing objectives through Cohen’s entrances). In this direction the Kurds due to their geopolitical and geostrategic importance attracted the attention of the United States policy makers. The present article by a descriptive analytical method wants to answer this question that what has been the impact of Iraqi Kurdistan geopolitics after the fall of Saddam on the United States foreign policy towards Iraq? The finding of the study shows that the geopolitical features of Iraqi Kurdistan have facilitated the United States ability to influence Iraq’s policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
562 - The Structure of Government in the Middle East
Seyed Javad Emamjomehzadeh Jaafar NaghdiIn the developed world of post-Westphalia era whatever we pass from the past to present we notice the regular reduction of the power of government in favour of non-governmental actors. The Middle East also as one of the regions of the world has such characteristic. In o MoreIn the developed world of post-Westphalia era whatever we pass from the past to present we notice the regular reduction of the power of government in favour of non-governmental actors. The Middle East also as one of the regions of the world has such characteristic. In other words the process of formation of government in the Middle East and the emergence of several elements along with the government shows that the power of the government is reducing in favour of nongovernmental actors. This subject is being studied by making use of three traditions of English school( international system, international community and the world community) and comparing that with structure of the government in the Middle East and the move from international system towards world community. The present article shows that the structure of the government in the Middle East consists of elements which fall within three said traditions category. While we witness the increasing power of the governments and very little interaction of them with each other (international system) there are common intergovernmental institutions (international community) simultaneously supra-national movements of relatively popular nature like Pan Arabism and Pan-Islamism show themselves (world community) . Nevertheless, the process of move is in a direction which one can notice the regular transition from international system towards existing world community in developed world (West) and similar transition is happening in the Middle East. In fact that is seen in recent developments of the Middle East and North Africa although the tradition of international system in the Middle East is more powerful as compared to other two traditions (international community and world community). Therefore the main purpose of the present article is showing the trend of the move of the structure of the government in the Middle East from the tradition of international system toward international community and world community. Alongside this transition the quality of the interaction is also of great importance in forming the structure of government in the Middle East. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
563 - China’s Rising Power and the Reaction of the United States and India to it
Abomohammad Asgarkhani Mohammad Javad GhahramaniAbstract After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Chinese leaders realizing the change of international system to a multi-polar state and decrease of the power of the United States tried to balance their power against the United States. China’s cooperation w MoreAbstract After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Chinese leaders realizing the change of international system to a multi-polar state and decrease of the power of the United States tried to balance their power against the United States. China’s cooperation with Russia at this period was the manifestation of this perception. But after Kosovo crisis and the failure of Russia to show suitable reaction, China admitted the unipolarity of international system. As a result China tried to strengthen her position internally. The adoption of this policy resulted into increasing power of China in all dimensions. Naturally this evoked the reaction of other neighbouring countries and powers that are having difference with China. The major neighbor of China is India, which is growing and developing fast and claims to play an important role in international system. The question raised by present article is “what are the reaction of the United States as an important power pole and India to the rising power of China?” the article also wants to answer this question as to why the United States with the cooperation of India wants to balance China at a time that China does not want to externally balance them? The article argues that the rise of China’s power will have repercussion for the United States and India. The United States does not want that China should become a hegemon in Asia. India feels threatened by China’ increasing military power and influence in South Asia and close relations with Pakistan. The underlying hypothesis is that the increase in power of China has forced the United States and India to come closer and balance Chinese power and protect themselves from the consequences of the rise of power and influence of China. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
564 - Preemptive Legitimate Defense: the Legitimacy of Resorting to Force or Frequent Breach of the United Nations Charter (Text in Persian
Mohammad Javad Zarif Mohammad Ahani AminehAfter the Second World War and formulation of the United Nations’ Charter, the main founding principle of international security for the post war period was laid and that was prohibition of the use of force in international relations. The founder of the United Nat MoreAfter the Second World War and formulation of the United Nations’ Charter, the main founding principle of international security for the post war period was laid and that was prohibition of the use of force in international relations. The founder of the United Nations’ Charter taking into consideration the experience of the League of Nations in which the governments within certain conditions had the right to resort to force, this time strictly prohibited the use of force in international relations and considered it illegal and illegitimate. Nevertheless, for this rigid and inflexible rule there were two exceptions viz collective security derived from chapter seven of the United Nations Charter and referring to right of self-defense or legitimate defense based on Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. Except these two exceptions any resort to force in international relations was prohibited and considered illegal. In question of the criteria of implementing collective security there was not serious debate. But after 11 September events the question of preemptive legitimate defense was brought about from theoretical Pandora box of American leaders and on that basis the United States strategy of countering terrorism formed. On the basis of this concept which had its origin in customary international law; despite of the clear emphasis which the United Nations Charter put on occurrence of military aggression for referring to the principle of legitimate defense, stated that there was no need for military aggression and mere existence of direct and immediate threat which have the sign of imminent aggression from enemy, allows the governments to attack the threating center and eliminate the source of threat. The present article wants to examine whether such a preemptive strategy of the United States is having legal legitimacy based on the United Nations’ Charter or it is an action to justify and legitimize the application of force in international relations? Therefore, the articles by looking into different legal and political aspect of this rule, examines the legitimacy or lack of legitimacy of the United States measures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
565 - Explaining the Security Strategy of the United States of America vis-à-vis Saudi Arabia in Post-Cold War Era (Text in Persian)
Ali Adami Elaheh PirozianThe present article is examining the security strategy of the United States vis-à-vis the Saudi Arabia during post-cold war period، the 11 September events and the recent uprising of the Middle East region. What is famous as the alliance، friendship and cooperati MoreThe present article is examining the security strategy of the United States vis-à-vis the Saudi Arabia during post-cold war period، the 11 September events and the recent uprising of the Middle East region. What is famous as the alliance، friendship and cooperation between the United States and Saudi Arabia had not been free from serious tensions. The Saudi Arabia’s expectations to receive arms and the US no support of Israel and the United States expectations about observance of human rights in Saudi Arabia and providing air base and supply of oil are among the factors that have given serious stress and strain to the cooperative and friendly relations of the two. Unlike what it appears، the cold war between the United States within the framework of combination of realism and idealism had always been problematic. From the viewpoint of both sides، these relations are a necessary alliance but they are quite fragile. The present article is trying to support this hypothesis that the security strategy of the United States vis-à-vis Saudi Arabia after September 11 events had undergone certain changes. It changed from tense cooperation into the policy of containment-suppression. But this strategy did not last long and it could not also continue. After calming down of the post 11 September emotional eruption due to the objectives and interest of the United States it changed from an aggressive position to more moderate form which existed before. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
566 - Economic and Military Take off of China and its Security Impact on Islamic Republic of Iran
محمدعلی بصیری معصومه رشیدAbstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran a MoreAbstract Islamic Republic of Iran and China can be considered as revisionist state in current international system. Economic and commercial relations between the two have prepared the ground for close and friendly relations. In the question of nuclear program of Iran and Syrian crisis both the countries have had similar stand. What will be the security consequences of the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States for Islamic Republic of Iran? The present article wants to examine the consequences of this event within the framework of Barry Buzan security approach. The Underlying assumption is; that after the rise of China as a stronger power than the United States the international system undergoes change and the United States no longer be able to dominate or put pressure on Iran or jeopardize Iran's security. The methodology used by the article is descriptive-analytical and collection of data is library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
567 - The Impact of Geopolitical Challenge on National Solidarity: Case Study about Triple Islands
Morad Kavianirad Tahmores Heidari MoselloAbstract: Some parts of the political behavior of international actors is reflected through geopolitical challenge in relations of political units, the aim of which is to impose their will or increase the material and spiritual cost of the rival country. The Pers MoreAbstract: Some parts of the political behavior of international actors is reflected through geopolitical challenge in relations of political units, the aim of which is to impose their will or increase the material and spiritual cost of the rival country. The Persian Gulf geopolitical region is witnessing confrontation of two belief and identity systems among the littoral states, i.e. Iranian Shiite identity and Arab Sunni identity. In this context the differences of Iran and the United Arab Emirate on the three Islands (the Lesser Tunb, the Greater Tunb and Abu Musa) have created diplomatic and media row. The Iranian people are historically very sensitive about national and territorial integrity. In a way that all political groups not withstanding their ideological tendency are united on the question of national and territorial integrity. The present article with a descriptive analytical method and using library data wants to answer this question that what intention the United Arab Emirates is pursuing? What consequences do the territorial claims by UAE will have for Iran? The finding of the study shows that the United Arab Emirates on the one hand wants cover up her own basic weakness of national cohesiveness of seven emirates and on the other hand by posing a geopolitical challenge to Iran and internationalizing the problem makes the principle of non-negotiability of the issue of the three islands more costly for Iran. Contrary to this expectation this UAE challenge has led to more solidarity and national integration among the Iranian people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
568 - A Study of the Possibility of Demanding Ecological Reparation of Iran-Iraq War from International Court of Justice
Sayed Abbas Poor Hashemi Ali Faghieh HabibiEvery country can refer one’s own dispute with another country to international court of Justice. Neither international nor the legal proceedings of the court have any regulation to restrict the non-members of the court to refer their dispute to the court. Accepta MoreEvery country can refer one’s own dispute with another country to international court of Justice. Neither international nor the legal proceedings of the court have any regulation to restrict the non-members of the court to refer their dispute to the court. Acceptance of the jurisdiction of the court by members of the court is defined in article 36 of constitution and the events and circumstances described in it. The examination of the behavior of the court in cases that resort to force had taken place shows that the court as a legal organ has tried to obtain its jurisdiction within the framework of declarations and efforts and studies the legal aspect of each issue or international dispute including resort to force. Although on this issue, many jurists disagree and are of the view that resort to force can be politically interpreted and the court should not have absolute authority to examine the cases. The International Court of Justice otherwise have obligatory jurisdiction on cases which compulsory international norms (jus cogens) are violated and the court on cases that the sovereignty of a member of the United Nations is violated by another member can declare the aggressor as responsible and the latter must compensate the loss. In the case of Iran-Iraq war enormous damage were inflicted on eco system as well as human beings and these losses have so far not been compensated. Present article by referring to norms of international law wants to find out the possibility of demanding ecological compensation by suing a case in International Court of Justice Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
569 - Foreign Policy of Emerging Powers toward America: Accompanying or Balancing? (Case Study: BRICS)
Seyed Ahmad Fatemi Nejad Samaneh Shafi Zadeh Fatemeh DaneshvarAbstract: BRICS is a group of emerging powers consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa who are pursuing a revisionist foreign policy in challenge to the United States unilateralism in international relations. This group of countries is trying to stre MoreAbstract: BRICS is a group of emerging powers consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa who are pursuing a revisionist foreign policy in challenge to the United States unilateralism in international relations. This group of countries is trying to strengthen economic, political and demographic potentials of themselves and can constitute the as main poles of a multi-polar structure of future world. Meanwhile the attempt of this group of countries for creating a multilateral system is a usual practice in international relations which is based on their potentials. The question raised by the present article is what is the foreign policy of BRICS towards the unilateralism practiced by the United States in international relations? The underlying hypothesis is that BRICS has chosen a kind of revisionist policy based on soft balancing against the United States unilateralism. The theory of soft balance should be a suitable approach to examine the hypothesis through two variables, i.e. “disparity of power” and “economic dependency”. Finding of the study shows that BRICS is indirectly trying to strengthen multilateralism in international relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
570 - Islamic Awakening and Globalization: the Repercussion or Answer
Hossein MasoudniaThe occurrence of the third industrial revolution called digital revolution in the field of communication in the last decade of twentieth century led to a development which is called globalization. There is no consensus among the researchers regarding the definition, na MoreThe occurrence of the third industrial revolution called digital revolution in the field of communication in the last decade of twentieth century led to a development which is called globalization. There is no consensus among the researchers regarding the definition, nature and consequences of this development. Nevertheless the globalization has different consequences in political, social and cultural areas which among them are the diminishing importance of borders and governments instead the nations have become nearer to each other. One of the important developments in the global age is the formation of social movements in the past one year in Islamic countries, right form the Persian Gulf region extending till North Africa. Most of these movements have a coalition nature and one of the dominant discourses in them is religious discourse and emphasis on revival of Islamic identity. The strong presence of religious discourse in social movements of Islamic countries led to this point that many researchers consider these movements as Islamic awakening. The formation of Islamic awakening movements in globalization era raised an important question whether the return of Islamic nations to religion for defining their identity is the consequence of globalization or it is an answer to challenges posed by global culture to religious identity of Muslim nations? A thought in the pace of developments and events shows that the answer to both questions is positive, in the sense that the recent Islamic awakening on the one side is the repercussion of globalization and on the other hand it is an answer to the challenges posed to the spiritual identity of the Muslim nations from global culture. The purpose of writing the present paper is giving answer to above questions and verifying the given hypothesis with a descriptive-analytical method by using library material and documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
571 - Analysis of the Opportunities and Challenges of Iran’s Observer Membership of African Union (Text in Persian)
Nozar Shafiee Saideh SahriatiThe question of membership or observer membership in regional and international organizations has important consequences and implication on economic and political interest of the countries. The African Union is one of those organizations that its observer membership has MoreThe question of membership or observer membership in regional and international organizations has important consequences and implication on economic and political interest of the countries. The African Union is one of those organizations that its observer membership has put opportunities and challenges before the foreign policy organization of Islamic Republic of Iran. The present article wants to examine Iran’s observer membership of African Union. What are the opportunities and challenges or Iran’s membership of this organization? The underlying hypothesis is that this membership is having dual effect. On the one hand، it can create several opportunities and on the other hand، it can have certain challenges. Therefore، the Islamic Republic of Iran should avoid the probable negative implications and by assessing these challenges، should avail herself the interests and opportunities derived from the observer membership to full extent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
572 - America's Response to China's Rise: Restoring Balance Strategy
Sajad Bahrami MoghadamAbstract: The United States as a regional hegemon does not want the formation of rival hegemon for herself in other parts of the world. Therefore, after establishing her regional hegemony in Western Hemisphere tried to prevent rival great powers to gain control of Asia MoreAbstract: The United States as a regional hegemon does not want the formation of rival hegemon for herself in other parts of the world. Therefore, after establishing her regional hegemony in Western Hemisphere tried to prevent rival great powers to gain control of Asia and Europe. Some of the great powers like Japan and Germany before 1945 and later the Soviet Union had the potential to become regional hegemony. Presently China after four decades of modernization of the country's vital elements of power is in a position to become a regional hegemon in Asia Pacific in a way that the United States has to reconsider its calculations about China. The present article wants to answer this question why the United States wants to be present in different regions of the world and what factors has affected the United States strategy in Asia Pacific? The underlying hypothesis is that the United States nation security is affected by balance of power in other regions and the presence of the United States in several regions of the world is a response to rise of regional hegemons and the new strategy of the United States in Asia Pacific is a response to rise of China's power. The above hypothesis has been explained with an explanative method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
573 - Integrative and Disintegrative Factors in Iran and Turkey’s Relations after Coming into Power the Islamist Party of Justice and Development in Turkey (2002-2009
Jalal Derakhsheh Majid DivsalarThe present article examines the relations of Iran and Turkey from the time of coming into power of the Islamist party of Justice and Development in Turkey from 2002 till 2009. For this purpose the paper lays emphasis on variables such as the quest of the two country to MoreThe present article examines the relations of Iran and Turkey from the time of coming into power of the Islamist party of Justice and Development in Turkey from 2002 till 2009. For this purpose the paper lays emphasis on variables such as the quest of the two country to become a regional power، the attitude of the two countries towards the Middle East، nuclear issue of Iran، the Kurdish problem in relations of the two countries، the important factors in expansion of the relations of the two countries، the impact of the United States and Israel relations with Turkey on Iran، the economic cooperation between the two countries and the interaction of these variable on each other. The question، which is raised by the article، is that، what are the factors contributing to integration and disintegration between Iran and Turkey? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
574 - The Sign of Unity in Diversity in Indian Society (Text in Persian)
Hojatollah DarvishpourThe aim of the present article is to study unity in diversity in India. The assumption of the article is that India is a country with diversity. The article examines the unique aspect of diversity in Indian society. These aspects of diversity in Indian society are relig MoreThe aim of the present article is to study unity in diversity in India. The assumption of the article is that India is a country with diversity. The article examines the unique aspect of diversity in Indian society. These aspects of diversity in Indian society are religion، ethnicity، language etc. The underlying hypothesis is that despite this diversity India is a united entity. In this regard the uniting factors are enumerated and examined also in this direction the elementary and secondary uniting principles and foundations are discussed and their roles in uniting the Indian society are underlined. In the third part the factors that threaten the unity of Indian society are discussed. These factors are Hindu nationalism، religious conflicts، regionalism، state-centre conflicts; and the central government is trying to control them. The finding of the study shows that despite the presence of certain factors which threaten the unity of India، the unity in diversity is prevailing. In other words notwithstanding diversities، the unity is the dominating aspect of Indian society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
575 - A Study of the Place of Hollywood Cinema in Media Diplomacy of the United States: Representation, Cultural Hegemony and Furtherance of Foreign Policy Goals
Majid Tavassoli Roknabadi Bashir EsmaeiliIn recent years there has been an increase on emphasis on terms like media diplomacy, soft power, soft war etc. in political literature. On this issue besides several conferences and lectures, lot of written works has analyzed the furtherance of foreign policy goals thr MoreIn recent years there has been an increase on emphasis on terms like media diplomacy, soft power, soft war etc. in political literature. On this issue besides several conferences and lectures, lot of written works has analyzed the furtherance of foreign policy goals through media diplomacy. Among the existing literature the term representation has extensive theoretical backing by international politics theoricians and it has not been addressed sufficiently. The present article wants to answer this question that on which theoretical bases Hollywood as a device of American media diplomacy help furtherance of the United States foreign policy? The underlying hypothesis is that representation can explain the relation between media diplomacy and furtherance of foreign policy goals. Among the American media Hollywood has been selected as case study and the time span is Cold War era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
576 - An Explanation of the Relations between Iran and USA in Imam Khomeini’s Foreign Policy Discourse
Rahim Afsharian Seyed Asadolah AthariAbstract: The political orientation of states determines the quality of their relationship. Foreign policy is basically an outcome of the identity theories and their actors cannot act efficiently and in a sustained manner unless they achieve a unified theory and ideolo MoreAbstract: The political orientation of states determines the quality of their relationship. Foreign policy is basically an outcome of the identity theories and their actors cannot act efficiently and in a sustained manner unless they achieve a unified theory and ideology. Imam Khomeini considered “Islam” as a different entity so that “others” can be identified in his political identity and perception. Language and ideology emphasizes on justification, production and reproduction of hegemony and unequal power relationship and consider the aim of criticism paying attention to most profound aspect of power in society through exposing the hypocrisy of language. Critical discourse analysis from philosophical point of view is based on social constructivism which by emphasis on human factor reduces the reality to human structure. The aim of critical analysis is to show ideological belief and values which has reflected itself as common sense. Everyone knows that the United States has the role of “hostile” and “other” in Imam Khomeini’s discourse and this role remains until America does not change her behavioral pattern. In response to this question “What are the conditions for normalization of relations between the two countries in Imam Khomeini’s discourse?” factors like “mutual respect” and “change of confrontationist and hostile policy” are recognized. The article by a descriptive method based on library material examines Islamic ideas of Imam Khomeini, his critical discourse analysis in foreign policy and then tests the article’s hypothesis, to prove the general principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
577 - Evaluating of US Anti-Iranian Sanctions Under the context of Defending Human Rights
Mahmood Jalali Setareh Sadeghi Mohammadi Mojtaba BabaeiAbstract Human rights as one of the main features of civilization and development of human community enjoy special significance in international relations. However, ambiguity in its definition and the instrumental use of this concept are considered as major challenges MoreAbstract Human rights as one of the main features of civilization and development of human community enjoy special significance in international relations. However, ambiguity in its definition and the instrumental use of this concept are considered as major challenges for the promotion of the current status of human rights in the World. Under such conditions, the West particularly the US, intervening in the internal affairs of other countries on the pretext of defending democracy and human rights, has launched propaganda against many countries through its public and media diplomacy. From 1993 to 1996, the US imposed over 61 unilateral sanctions on 35 countries which covered 42% of the world’s population. The extraterritorial nature of the unilateral sanctions by the US has caused a controversy. Many states believe that such sanctions violate their sovereignty rights as independent nations. Since the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the US has always considered 'sanctions' as one of the tools to change Iran’s approach. Washington has highlighted human rights sanctions as 'smart sanctions', imposed under human rights claims to pressure Iran to give concessions and adopt an inactive diplomacy in political fields particularly in nuclear issue. This paper seeks to study the role of human rights sanctions in the US strategy against Iran and find proper and practical approaches to manage the challenges and opportunities facing Iran in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
578 - Nuclear Terrorism: Conceptual Explanation within the Framework of the United Nation’s Performance
Alireza Golshani Haydar Babanasab Ali Bagheri MahmoudabadiNuclear terrorism is one of the most dangerous and terrible menace for human society and therefore, a serious threat and danger for peace and international security. The United Nations in the direction of fighting and containing nuclear terrorism and maintaining peace a MoreNuclear terrorism is one of the most dangerous and terrible menace for human society and therefore, a serious threat and danger for peace and international security. The United Nations in the direction of fighting and containing nuclear terrorism and maintaining peace and international security has taken several legal steps. The occurrence of September 11, 2001 terrorist events and the possibility of committing similar terrorist acts with nuclear material added urgency to the fight against this kind of terrorism. The Security Council of the United Nations in resolution number 1540 in the year 2004 obligated all the governments to take necessary measures to control and protect nuclear material and prevent the proliferation and expansion of nuclear weapons, and in this way stop nuclear terrorism. Besides this one of the important measures taken in this regard with the initiative of General Assembly and International Atomic Energy Agency was the approval of a convention in 2005 in the General Assembly of the United Nations with a unanimous vote. On the 7th July 2007 after the receipt of twenty second approval document as the thirteenth international anti-terrorist convention put into effect and is binding on all the members. In this convention which includes 28 articles, the legitimate right of all countries for exploitation and peaceful use of nuclear energy was reiterated. This convention is the most important convention of the United Nations about terrorism. The authors of the present article want to describe the legal steps which have been taken in these international institutions, like the measures taken by General Assembly, Security Council and International Atomic Energy Agency, in the direction of flight against terrorism and maintaining peace and international security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
579 - A Study of the United States Foreign Policy in Afghanistan: State Building with Emphasis on Reconstruction of Armed Forces (Text in Persian)
Ali MohammadianFrom the time of military attack on Afghanistan by international coalition led by the United States in 2001، a decade has passed. The consequence of this attack was the fall of the extremist regime of Taliban. After that، the holding of Bon 1 conference on 5th December MoreFrom the time of military attack on Afghanistan by international coalition led by the United States in 2001، a decade has passed. The consequence of this attack was the fall of the extremist regime of Taliban. After that، the holding of Bon 1 conference on 5th December 2001 drew the process of development before Afghanistan for a decade. From that date many developments have taken place which major part of them had security and military nature. Parts of the agreement of Western countries were reconstruction of military and security organs of Afghanistan. In this regard the presence of the United States and its allies within the framework of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has been more prominent. They are determined to seek the support of other countries and several international agencies to proceed with the project of state building، to build a strong and stable central government and sustained society in Afghanistan. Certainly taking into consideration the peculiarities of the exclusive society of Afghanistan the formation of security organs and their functioning can be a key lever of central government in bringing stability in Afghanistan. The present article intends to examine the policy of state building in Afghanistan and formation of the structure of a new armed forces and the impact of these measures in creating security and stability in that country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
580 - The Conceptology of Nation and Ethnic Nationality as an Element of Political Community (along with Scientific Indexes for Distinguishing the Level and Intensity of Ethnicity)
Taghi DashtiThe ambiguity in the meaning of the concept of ethnicity and ethnic minority has made the interaction of governments with ethnic group a difficult task. In other words the basic measure for wise determination and normative rights of ethnic minorities in a political comm MoreThe ambiguity in the meaning of the concept of ethnicity and ethnic minority has made the interaction of governments with ethnic group a difficult task. In other words the basic measure for wise determination and normative rights of ethnic minorities in a political community is explaining the concept and conceptual framework of the concepts like ethnos, ethnicity, ethnic group and ethnic minority. The present article first defines the concept and meaning of the word ethnicity and its background then it gives different accepted definitions about ethnicity. After that the article chooses a suitable and comprehensive definition about ethnicity (as a challenging fact in modern political community). It also gives a table (perhaps for the first time) which includes indexes for determining the degree and intensity of ethnicity. In this direction for better explanation of the concept of the ethnicity it states different degrees of ethnicity and eventually by combining two words of ethnicity and minority; the ethnic minority is also defined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
581 - The Role of Geopolitics of Islamic Republic of Iran in Security of World Energy on the Basis of SWOT Strategic Management Model
Alireza Golshani Hamid Reza SohrabiThe security of energy is one of the strategic issues in world politics which all countries give special attention to it. Islamic Republic of Iran is located in the center of a region which is called “strategic oval of energy” which is having important role MoreThe security of energy is one of the strategic issues in world politics which all countries give special attention to it. Islamic Republic of Iran is located in the center of a region which is called “strategic oval of energy” which is having important role in production and transit of oil and gas in a way it functions like a heart for the world and for this reason and significance it is having a geopolitical role. The aim of the present research is to study and analyze the geopolitical role of Islamic Republic of Iran in security of energy. It also wants to know ways for better use of this geopolitical position, also understanding the threats and making maximum use of this geopolitical opportunity. The theoretical framework for this research is a strategic oval of energy of Jeffery Kemp which is examined in strategic management model framework. The finding of the study shows that the increase in demand of energy sources in industrial countries of the world like the United States, European Union and the countries of Asia like India, and China has led to activation of this strategic oval of energy in international politics which centers around Islamic Republic of Iran. Taking into consideration the need of great powers for oil, the United States tries to make use of energy as a weapon for the management of world affairs and attaining its hegemonic system. In present situation the world market for energy needs an inclusive approach based on international security and a win-win game towards security of energy. This approach takes into consideration the interest and proportionate share of all actors in world energy market. Thus the security of world energy needs the creation of “collective security”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
582 - Idea Centric Order: the United States of America's Pattern of Order in Post Cold War International System
Alireza RezaeiWhen the power structure changes in international politics in that situation the possibilities and ground for cooperation and new challenges are created and the pattern of relations among the actors will be adjusted out of traditional structure. In transition from bipol MoreWhen the power structure changes in international politics in that situation the possibilities and ground for cooperation and new challenges are created and the pattern of relations among the actors will be adjusted out of traditional structure. In transition from bipolar structure the Americans considered themselves as the triumphant of the cold war and tried to establish their position in international system. The post cold war era created a suitable ground for the implementation of strategic objectives of the United States as the remaining pole of the world order. This referred to the effort of the United States leaders for consolidating their hegemony in post cold war international system. The question which arises is that how can we explain the United States pattern of international order in post cold war era? The underlying hypothesis is that the United States pattern of order in post cold war international order is within the framework of "idea centric order". In idea centric order the hegemony of the single pole designs and manages the world، regional and local dynamics. The idea centric order is based on certain norms، ways، patterns، rules، and criteria which the dominant player formulates، implements and justifies in the direction of its own national interests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
583 - The Formation of New Cold War in the Competition of the United States and Russia in Caucasus (Text in Persian)
Esmaeil Shafiee Ali Karam SafariThe study and measurement of the presence and effectiveness of the United States and Russia in Caucasus region shows the important new development which is taking place in the region. It seems that the United States is having a grand plan to bring change in technology a MoreThe study and measurement of the presence and effectiveness of the United States and Russia in Caucasus region shows the important new development which is taking place in the region. It seems that the United States is having a grand plan to bring change in technology and economic structure of the countries of Caucasus region. Its aim is substituting free market model economy and capitalism with centrally planned and state economies. In this way facilitate the necessary ground for expansion of its influence and also controlling the political structure of the newly independent republics. It also aims at containing regions and forces that challenge the United States. On the other hand Russia which considers itself the Godfather of this strategic region calls this region “the near abroad” and is determined to contain the United States expansion of influence in the region. In the present article by a descriptive analytical method, an attempt is made to raise this question whether a new cold war has started in the Caucasus region after the end of cold war? The underlying hypothesis that the paper examines, is that, with the presence of the United States in Caucasus region, a new cold war has started. On the whole it seems that by increasing the economic, political and strategic and military attractions of the region the possibility of conflict also increases considerably. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
584 - The Impact of Iranian Nuclear Program on Regional Security System of the Middle East (Persian Gulf) with Emphasis on Offensive Realism Theory
Masoud Jafari Nejad Fidafeh MadabadiAbstract: In the past thirteen years the question of nuclear issue of Iran has become one of the important issues in the Middle East. Iran, the United States and the littoral states of the Persian Gulf are the actors who are concerned with security repercussions of the MoreAbstract: In the past thirteen years the question of nuclear issue of Iran has become one of the important issues in the Middle East. Iran, the United States and the littoral states of the Persian Gulf are the actors who are concerned with security repercussions of the nuclear issue. The position of the United States and the Arab countries of the south of the Persian Gulf is opposition to peaceful Iranian nuclear program. The question raised by the present article is why the United States tried to emphasize that the nuclear program of Iran is a threat to the countries of the region and there existed security problem? The underlying hypothesis is that the securitization of the nuclear issue of Iran along with Iran phobia project can ensure the United States strategic interests in the Middle East particularly the Persian Gulf region. The impression of the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf region has also shaped on the basis of these propagandas. The present article examines the above issue within the framework of aggressive realism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
585 - The Possible Crises in the United States Relations with China
Hamed Mohagheghnia Jahanbakhsh MoradiThe foreign relations of countries always depend on a set of intentions, objectives, interests, interpretations and interactions which are the outcome of decision making centre in internal structures and international limitations and its repercussions are also seen in d MoreThe foreign relations of countries always depend on a set of intentions, objectives, interests, interpretations and interactions which are the outcome of decision making centre in internal structures and international limitations and its repercussions are also seen in domestic and external sphere. The bilateral relations of the United States and China are not an exception to this rule. The United States and China expanded their relations from 1971. They had a successful record in interaction with each other in many field especially in economic field but this does not mean that there are no differences between the two. There are always threat and danger of tension and crisis in relations of the two world powers. The most important possible crises in relations of the United States and China are the problem of Taiwan and also the presence of the United States of other powers in sphere of influence of China and the ensuing tensions in that direction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
586 - بررسی تأثیر رابطه معلم - دانش آموز و دانش آموز - دانش آموز بر احساس کلاس درس از جامعه و مشارکت دانش آموزان در کلاس درس
نیما یمرلی حامد ضرابی نادیا قرنیهدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر رابطه معلم-دانش آموز و رابطه دانش آموز-دانش آموز بر احساس کلاسی از جامعه و مشارکت کلاسی دانش آموزان در بین زبان آموزان ایرانی دبیرستانی بود. بدین منظور 300 دانشآموز نوجوان از دبیرستانهای مختلف استان گلستان به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی برای شرکت Moreهدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی تأثیر رابطه معلم-دانش آموز و رابطه دانش آموز-دانش آموز بر احساس کلاسی از جامعه و مشارکت کلاسی دانش آموزان در بین زبان آموزان ایرانی دبیرستانی بود. بدین منظور 300 دانشآموز نوجوان از دبیرستانهای مختلف استان گلستان به روش نمونهگیری تصادفی برای شرکت در پژوهش انتخاب شدند. برای جمعآوری دادهها، سه پرسشنامه (مقیاس رابطه معلم و دانشآموز و مقیاس ارتباط دانشآموز-دانشآموز، مقیاس احساس جامعه در کلاس و مقیاس مشارکت کلاسی دانشآموزان) بین شرکتکنندگان توزیع شد. در مجموع به 57 مورد 6-Likert توسط دانشجویان پاسخ داده شد. با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی (EFA)، همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل میانجیگری، مشخص شد که بین رابطه معلم و دانشآموز و رابطه دانشآموز و دانشآموز و درگیری کلاس و احساس جامعه کلاسی رابطه معناداری وجود دارد. علاوه بر آن، مشخص شد که احساس اجتماعی کلاس درس تأثیر مستقیم و معناداری بر مشارکت دانشآموزان دارد. پیامدهای این مطالعه عمدتاً برای معلمان است که با دانشآموزان خود و خود دانشآموزان رابطهای دوستانه برقرار کنند تا بتوانند برای درگیر شدن در فرآیند یادگیری احساس آرامش و امنیت کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
587 - شناسایی دسته های پیش بینی همپوشان : تمرکز بر کتب درسی زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه
فرحناز بهلولی اسگوییمفهوم "پیش بینی" به عنوان یک ابزار بلاغی آینده نگر در بهبود توانایی های خواندن زبان آموزان در حوزه زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه بر پایه این فرض اهمیت ویژه میابد که وقتی ساختار بلاغی متن توسط زبان آموز درک شود، وی می تواند از آن برای پیش بینی نوع اطلاعات پیش رو بهره ببرد. Moreمفهوم "پیش بینی" به عنوان یک ابزار بلاغی آینده نگر در بهبود توانایی های خواندن زبان آموزان در حوزه زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه بر پایه این فرض اهمیت ویژه میابد که وقتی ساختار بلاغی متن توسط زبان آموز درک شود، وی می تواند از آن برای پیش بینی نوع اطلاعات پیش رو بهره ببرد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی امکان مرتبط کردن سیگنالهای متنی " مقوله های پیش بینی" با دانش محتوای متن بود. برای این منظور، یک پژوهش توصیفی کیفی بر روی داده ها مشتمل بر 10 فصل از 5 کتاب درسی در رشته مهندسی عمران با استفاده ازمدل تحلیلی طراحی شده توسط "تادرس" بر پایه مفهوم پیش بینی اتخاذ شد. شش دسته"مقوله پیشبینی" معرفیشده توسط تادروس که زیربنای این مدل هستند، شامل شمارش، برچسبگذاری پیشرفته، گزارش، بازپیدایی، فرضیه سازی و سؤال ، بهطور مداوم در متون انتخاب شده بررسی شدند. یافتههای این مطالعه یک دسته پیشبینیکننده جدیدی به نام «مقولههای پیشبینیهمپوشان» را نشان داد که در آن دو یا سه دسته مقوله های پیشبینی، دقیقاً روی یکدیگر همپوشانی دارند.بر مبنای نتایج بدست آمده از این مطالعه ، آگاه سازی زبان آموزان ، معلمان و طراحان کتب آموزشی در مورد وجود چنین مقوله های پیش بینی میتواند مزایای قابل توجهی برای همه اعضای جامعه زبان انگلیسی با اهداف ویژه به همراه داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
588 - Investigating the Factors Affecting the Social Cohesion of Andimeshk (Case Study; Citizens of Andimeshk in 2016-2017)
Shahla Sohrabi samire مهرداد نوابخش Zahra Hazrati someehThe main purpose of this study is to explain the sociology of social cohesion among the citizens of Andimeshk by descriptive and explanatory survey method. The statistical population of the study included all male and female citizens aged 15 to 65 years in Andimeshk. Ac MoreThe main purpose of this study is to explain the sociology of social cohesion among the citizens of Andimeshk by descriptive and explanatory survey method. The statistical population of the study included all male and female citizens aged 15 to 65 years in Andimeshk. According to the population living in the city of Andimeshk (135,000 people), the Cochran's formula was calculated for 384 people by multi-stage cluster sampling and simple random sampling. Findings showed that from the perspective of citizens of ethnic groups 43.2% ability to explain, religious communities 38.3% ability to explain, social media and cyberspace 21.7% ability to explain, political events ability to explain 6/6 22% had social classes on the social cohesion variable equal to 0.722 of the changes in social cohesion. Given the positive sign of the regression coefficient, it can be said that ethnic groups, social classes, religious communities, social media and cyberspace, and political events have a positive and direct effect on social cohesion. The variables in order of influence are: ethnic groups (0.484), religious communities (0.451), political events (0.407), social classes (0.382), social media and cyberspace ( 356/0 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
589 - Identifying the Challenges and Strategies for Institutional Capacity Building in Neighborhood Communities: A Qualitative Study
Reza Shadanfar Amirhosein Pourjohari Hosein ImanijajarmiIntroduction: Institutional capacity building in neighborhood communities can be used as a tool to empower neighborhood communities to play a role in the process of urban development of the neighborhood. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges and strat MoreIntroduction: Institutional capacity building in neighborhood communities can be used as a tool to empower neighborhood communities to play a role in the process of urban development of the neighborhood. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges and strategies of institutional capacity building in neighborhood communities with emphasis on the Tehran. Methods: The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was document review. At this stage, while reviewing the theoretical literature and research background, the general framework of study questions for the second phase of the study was determined. The second phase of the study was a qualitative research with a conventional qualitative content analysis approach. Participants, who were selected by purposeful sampling method with data saturation criteria, included 20 experts in various fields related to the city and related issues. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by the proposed method of Granheim and Landman. In order to increase the credibility and quality of the results, the four criteria of Guba and Lincoln were observed. Results: The results were categorized into 2 main categories, 13 subcategories and 284 codes. The main categories were: Challenges and barriers to institutional capacity building, capacity building strategies. Conclusion:Institutional capacity building as a participatory process requires empowerment of local people and communities. Properly performing this process is overcoming the challenges and obstacles of capacity building. Overcoming these barriers requires the cooperation and coordination of capacity building elements,including non-governmental organizations, government agencies, and popular activists Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
590 - The Relationship between community Development Planning and Quality of Life in Mehriz City
SeyedAlireza Afshani Naeime AhmadiEach country needs to plan for the development of its inhabitants. One of the areas that can be considered in Planning is neighborhood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between community development planning and quality of life among citizen MoreEach country needs to plan for the development of its inhabitants. One of the areas that can be considered in Planning is neighborhood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between community development planning and quality of life among citizens. Symbolic interaction theory and structural functionalism were utilized to form the theoretical framework of the study. The method used in this research was of survey type. Data was collected using a questionnaire and, using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, 385 citizens living in Mehriz city were selected as the sample. Validity of the tool was determined by content validity method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess the reliability of the questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The findings of the research indicated that there was a direct and significant relationship between the level of community development planning and quality of life and its different dimensions. Structural equation modelling showed that the variance of community development planning explained 24% of the variance of quality of life and fit indices also indicated the utility of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
591 - Presenting a paradigm model of poverty and its sociological explanations in deprived areas of Khuzestan province (case of study: Hamidiyeh and Indika cities)
Masoumeh Bagheri Ali Budaghi Sajad Bahmani Marzieh ShahriariThe data of this study were collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews and purposive-theoretical samplingThis qualitative study was conducted with the aim of presenting a paradigm model of poverty and its sociological explanation in the deprived cities of Andika MoreThe data of this study were collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews and purposive-theoretical samplingThis qualitative study was conducted with the aim of presenting a paradigm model of poverty and its sociological explanation in the deprived cities of Andika and Hamidiyeh in Khuzestan province. Gronded theory and purposive sampling method were used and the number of participants was 40. After coding, nineteen main categories emerged. The dimension of conditions included the challenge of financing through public and private sector funding, weak work ethics and skills training among young people (government-oriented mentality), disregard for meritocracy in city management, lack of special support for deprived regions of the province, lack of self-confidence in young people as a result of deprivation (psychological acceptance of the culture of poverty), unfair distribution of opportunities due to corruption, dissatisfaction with government support and liquidity problems in starting small, home and high-yield enterprises, weak social capital of young people of urban areas. The action-interaction dimension included employment; skills training with an entrepreneurial perspective, creation and strengthening of industrial towns, allocation of national and special funds, meritocracy and selection of specialized, jihadi and effective managers, community-based capacities, support for elimination Poverty. The dimension of consequences included sectarian and ethnic conflicts and tensions as a factor in intensifying the cycle of poverty, powerlessness and social alienation, reduction of quality of household goods and food price inflation (erosion of people's purchasing power index), feeling of social despair, erosion of social trust (social harms) that revolves around a core category called "poverty." that are formed in connection with the deprivation of opportunities in the countryside and slum areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
592 - Sociological analysis of cultural implications of the development of medium - sized cities in Iran in 1397 – 1396 (Case of study: MARAND)
hoorieh mahgsoudi Mehrdad Navabakhsh Seyed Mohammad Seyedmirzaee صدیقه محمد اسماعیلIn order to achieve sustainable urban development, certain conditions should be provided to pave the way for sustainable human development and the improvement of social welfare, which in turn can strengthen social solidarity structures such as social commitment and acco MoreIn order to achieve sustainable urban development, certain conditions should be provided to pave the way for sustainable human development and the improvement of social welfare, which in turn can strengthen social solidarity structures such as social commitment and accountability, strengthening of urban spaces and improving the sharing of civic spaces and enhancing the satisfaction of urban spaces and enhancing the satisfaction of civic environment and urban landscape. This study aims to do a sociological analysis of the cultural implications of the development of medium-sized cities in Iran over the last ten years and the case of study is the city of Marand during the years of 1396 and 97. The research population consisted of people over 15 years in Marand during the years 96 - 96. A stratified and cluster sampling method was used to select the sample. In total, 2600 questionnaires were completed. Freidman test results showed that the following needs have priority for residents: the need for social interaction with each other (rank 7.34), the need for facilities and welfare amenities (rank 7.18), the need for security (rank 4.26), and belonging to the city (rank 2.74). Other needs were in the intermedium range. Overall, the results suggested that the establishment of public spaces as a platform for social interaction is a pressing request. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
593 - Community-based Urban Public Space in Talebov's Utopian Ideas
Seyedeh Aida Hoseini Mahsa SholehThe rapid pace of change in cities has led to disparities in social, economic, managerial, and spatial structures, which are evident in public spaces. These public spaces serve as an indication of a city's biodiversity, and developing sustainable public realms is crucia MoreThe rapid pace of change in cities has led to disparities in social, economic, managerial, and spatial structures, which are evident in public spaces. These public spaces serve as an indication of a city's biodiversity, and developing sustainable public realms is crucial in addressing urban challenges. This study aims to explore Talebov's utopian perspective on community-oriented public spaces and compare it with the viewpoints of sociology and urban experts to devise an effective strategy for sustainable public spaces. The study utilizes a descriptive-analytical methodology with a qualitative approach, focusing on fundamental research goals and employing a post-exploratory strategy within the explanatory paradigm. Data collection was conducted in a library and analyzed using Atlas software. The findings revealed similarities between Talebov's idealist approach and the realist theories in terms of management, social dynamics, and economic aspects. However, Talebov specifically emphasizes the visual dimension and places importance on aesthetic values. According to Talebov's theory, religion can be one of the primary philosophies underlying the stability of a country or a city; other theories have only suggested the existence of this element. Based on Talebov and other theorists, if these five dimensions are applied harmoniously in public spaces, it will result in their sustainability, which is where today's cities progress and improve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
594 - Identifying the Challenges and Strategies for Institutional Capacity Building in Neighborhood Communities: A Qualitative Study
Reza Shadmanfar AmirHosein Pourjohari Hosein ImanijajarmiInstitutional capacity building in neighborhood communities can be used as a tool to empower neighborhood communities to play a role in the process of urban development of the neighborhood. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges and strategies of insti MoreInstitutional capacity building in neighborhood communities can be used as a tool to empower neighborhood communities to play a role in the process of urban development of the neighborhood. The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges and strategies of institutional capacity building in neighborhood communities with an emphasis on the city of Tehran. The study was conducted in two phases. The first phase was document review. At this stage, while reviewing the theoretical literature and research background, the general framework of study questions for the second phase of the study was determined. The second phase of the study was a qualitative research with a conventional qualitative content analysis approach. Participants, who were selected by purposeful sampling method with data saturation criteria, included 20 experts in various fields related to the city and related issues. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by the proposed method of Granheim and Landman. In order to increase the credibility and quality of the results, the four criteria of Guba and Lincoln were observed. The results were categorized into 2 main categories, 13 subcategories and 284 codes. The main categories were: Challenges and barriers to institutional capacity building, capacity building strategies.In conclusion, it could be said that institutional capacity building as a participatory process requires empowerment of local people and communities. Properly performing this process is overcoming the challenges and obstacles of capacity building. Overcoming these barriers requires the cooperation and coordination of capacity building elements,including non-governmental organizations, government agencies, and popular activists Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
595 - ادغام واحدهای تصمیم گیرنده بر پایه مفهوم تحلیل پوششی داد های معکوس
الهه زین الدین سعید قبادیدر این مقاله، ما یک روش جدید برای پاسخ سوال زیر بر اساس برنامه ریزی ریاضی چند هدفی ارائه می نماییم: اگر در میان یک مجموعه از واحد های تصمیم گیرنده زیر مجموعه ایی از آنها ملزم به ادغام و تشکیل یک واحد جدید با ورودی (خروجی) خاص و سطح کارایی از پیش مشخص شده ایی باشند آنگاه Moreدر این مقاله، ما یک روش جدید برای پاسخ سوال زیر بر اساس برنامه ریزی ریاضی چند هدفی ارائه می نماییم: اگر در میان یک مجموعه از واحد های تصمیم گیرنده زیر مجموعه ایی از آنها ملزم به ادغام و تشکیل یک واحد جدید با ورودی (خروجی) خاص و سطح کارایی از پیش مشخص شده ایی باشند آنگاه میزان خروجی ( ورودی) این واحد ادغامی به چه میزانی بایستی باشد. این سوال بر اساس مفهوم تحلیل پوششی داده های معکوس پاسخ داده شده است. شرایط کافی برای تخمین ورودی (خروجی) از واحد ادغامی بوسیله برنامه ریزی چند هدفی تاسیس شده است. یک مثال عددی با داده های واقعی برای گویایی اهداف این مقاله آورده شده است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
596 - ارتقاء واحدهای ناکارا (با داده های منفی) در جهت وزن های مشترک در تحلیل پوششی داده ها
حسین عباسیانهدف اصلی این مقاله، ارتقا و بهبود واحد های ناکارا به وسیله ی وزنهای مشترک به دست آمده از همه ی واحدهای مورد مطالعه می باشد. در واقع وزن های مشترک ورودیها و خروجیهایی که شامل داده های منفی است را به وسیله حل یک مدل برنامه ریزی خطی به دست می آوریم و بردار وزن ها را به عنو Moreهدف اصلی این مقاله، ارتقا و بهبود واحد های ناکارا به وسیله ی وزنهای مشترک به دست آمده از همه ی واحدهای مورد مطالعه می باشد. در واقع وزن های مشترک ورودیها و خروجیهایی که شامل داده های منفی است را به وسیله حل یک مدل برنامه ریزی خطی به دست می آوریم و بردار وزن ها را به عنوان جهتی در نظر می گیریم که واحدهای ناکارا در آن مسیر ارتقا می یابند. روش شناسی این تحقیق به این صورت است که، مدل شعاعی نیمه ماهیتی را مد نظر قرار دهیم و می خواهیم از دوال این مدل برای یافتن وزنهای مشترک ورودیها و خروجیهایی که برخی از آنها منفی هستند، استفاده کنیم. برای این منظور یک مسأله چندهدفه ی تولید وزنهای مشترک ارائه می دهیم و برنامه ریزی آرمانی را برای حل آن بکار می بریم که این منجر به تولید یک مسأله ی غیرخطی می شود که برای این مسأله ی خاص، توسط یک روش خطی سازی، آنرا به یک مسأله ی برنامه ریزی خطی تبدیل می کنیم. چون شرط لازم و کافی برای کرانداری مدل شعاعی نیمه ماهیتی در ماهیت ورودی (خروجی) این است که یک ورودی (خروجی) با حداقل یک مقدار مثبت موجود باشد، پس ما این شرط را در اینجا رعایت می کنیم. سرانجام روشمان را با ذکر یک مثال، بیشتر توضیح می دهیم و نکته قابل توجه در روش ارتقا دادن در تحقیق حاضر این است که داده ای منفی به صورت داده ای منفی ارتقا و بهبود می یابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
597 - DESIGNING AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR PREVENTING THE WASTE TIME IN THE ACTIVITY CYCLE OF AN ORGANIZATION
م. طالقانی ی. مدبریان -
Open Access Article
598 - Comparing and contrasting on "like a thirsty pot" poem (An analysis based on New Criticism)
Hojjatollah RabieiThis article seeks to use the proposed new critique method to study the poetry of " sabue teshne ...The Thirsty cebu" by Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, while explaining some of the key words and components underlined by the new critique, such as "tension" , "Subject" and "aironi MoreThis article seeks to use the proposed new critique method to study the poetry of " sabue teshne ...The Thirsty cebu" by Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, while explaining some of the key words and components underlined by the new critique, such as "tension" , "Subject" and "aironi ", to use them as an applied critique of this poem. Aiming to this , by reading precisely the poetry and examining the contradictions and inconsistencies and referring them to the main line of the poem, how the effect is configured. In this process, the audience is introduced step-by-step through a practical action critique from the perspective of new critique. The result of this research is that the components of the work are organized in harmony with each other and with the internal unity, and beyond the contradictions, poetry is the integrity and unity of organism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
599 - تأثیر مکمل تریپتوفان در جیرههای با کمبود پروتئین بر عملکرد، توسعه دستگاه گوارش و پاسخهای ایمنی در جوجههای گوشتی
م. فاطمی م. طغیانیتحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر مکمل کردن تریپتوفان در جیرههای با کمبود پروتئین خام بر عملکرد، توسعه دستگاه گوارش و پاسخهای ایمنی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. بدین منظور تعداد 420 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (راس 308) در میان 6 تیمار با 5 تکرار و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی ت Moreتحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر مکمل کردن تریپتوفان در جیرههای با کمبود پروتئین خام بر عملکرد، توسعه دستگاه گوارش و پاسخهای ایمنی در جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. بدین منظور تعداد 420 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (راس 308) در میان 6 تیمار با 5 تکرار و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی توزیع شدند. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارتند از: 1) جیره شاهد (CTL) (جیره بر اساس نیاز توصیه شده کاتالوگ راس 2014 تنظیم شد)، 2) جیره شاهد + 15/0 درصد تریپتوفان، 3) جیره با کاهش سطح پروتئین خام 1 (LCP1) (10 درصد پروتئین کمتر از نیاز توصیه شده راس 2014)، 4) LCP1 + 15/0 درصد تریپتوفان، 5) جیره با کاهش سطح پروتئین خام 2 (LCP2) (20 درصد پروتئین کمتر از نیاز توصیه شده راس 2014) و 6) LCP2 + 15/0 درصد تریپتوفان. وزن بدن، مصرف خوراک روزانه و ضریب تبدیل جوجهها در دورههای مختلف آزمایش مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. اندامهای هضمی در روز 28 و انتهای آزمایش مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. ریختشناسی روده کوچک در روز 28 آزمایش بررسی شد. تست ترس در روز پایانی آزمایش انجام گرفت. جوجههای دریافتکننده جیرههای با کاهش سطح پروتئین خام، وزن بدن و افزایش وزن روزانه پایینتری در انتهای دوره آغازین داشتند (05/0>P). مکمل نمودن تریپتوفان در جیرههای LCP1 کاهش عملکرد رشد آنها را جبران نمود (05/0>P) اما تأثیری پس از افزودن به جیرههای LCP2 نداشت. چربی محوطه شکمی در جوجههای دریافتکننده جیرههای + Trp تمایل به کاهش نشان داد. جوجههای دریافتکننده جیره LCP2 در ژوژنوم و ایلئوم عمق کریپت بیشتر و نسبت طول پرز به عمق کریپت کمتری در مقایسه با گروه شاهد داشتند (05/0>P). تغذیه جوجهها با جیرههای LCP2 وLCP2 + 15/0 درصد تریپتوفان نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت را در جوجههای گوشتی افزایش داد در حالیکه تأثیری بر طول زمان تست ترس نداشت. به طور کلی، مکمل نمودن تریپتوفان در جیرههای LCP1 کاهش رشد جوجههای گوشتی را در مقایسه با جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیرههای کم پروتئین کاهش داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
600 - تأثیر مکمل عصاره هسته انگور بر عملکرد، فعالیت آنزیم آنتیاکسیدانی و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجههای گوشتی تحت تنشگرمایی
ح. حاجاتی ا. حسن آبادی ا. گلیان ح. نصیری-مقدم م.ر. نصیریپژوهشهای حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر استفاده از عصاره هسته انگور به صورت مکمل با جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، پاسخ فعالیت آنزیم آنتی­اکسیدانی و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: شاهد (بدون افزودنی)، عصاره هسته انگور در سه سطح 1 Moreپژوهشهای حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر استفاده از عصاره هسته انگور به صورت مکمل با جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، پاسخ فعالیت آنزیم آنتی­اکسیدانی و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: شاهد (بدون افزودنی)، عصاره هسته انگور در سه سطح 150، 300 یا 450 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم، ویتامین C در سطح 300 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم به عنوان کنترل مثبت به پرنده­ها از 1 تا 42 روزگی تغذیه شد. تنش گرمایی مزمن (دمای 1±34 درجه سانتی­گراد روزانه به مدت 5 ساعت) از 29 تا 42 روزگی القا شد. مکمل کردن عصاره هسته انگور تا سطح 300 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم جیره افزایش وزن روزانه جوجه­های گوشتی را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد قبل از تنش حرارتی افزایش داد (28-1 روزگی). حین شرایط تنش گرمایی، مکمل عصاره هسته انگور در سطوح 300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره ضریب تبدیل غذایی را بهبود داد. مکمل کردن عصاره هسته انگور در سطح 300 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره تیتر ایمونوگلوبین G به عنوان پاسخ اولیه و ثانویه به تزریق گلبول قرمز گوسفندی را افزایش داد. به علاوه، پرندگان تغذیه شده با عصاره هسته انگور (150، 300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره)، یا ویتامین C (300 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) سطوح بالاتری از تیتر ایمونوگلوبین G به عنوان پاسخ ثانویه در برابر گلبول قرمز گوسفندی داشتند. مکمل عصاره هسته انگور در سطوح 300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره درصد هتروفیل، نسبت هتروفیل/لمفوسیت را کاهش و درصد لمفوسیت جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی را افزایش داد. مکمل کردن جیره با عصاره هسته انگور (300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) فعالیت آنزیم گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز را در پرندگان تحت تنش گرمایی افزایش داد. مکمل عصاره هسته انگور یا ویتامین C تأثیری بر پاسخ حساسیت پوستی و وزن نسبی طحال و بورس فابریسیوس جوجه­های تحت تنش گرمایی نداشت. اما مکمل کردن جیره با عصاره هسته انگور (300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) یا ویتامین C (300 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) وزن نسبی تیموس پرندگان تحت تنش گرمایی را افزایش داد. بنابراین، مکمل عصاره هسته انگور بهتر از ویتامین C توانست اثرات مضر تنش گرمایی را در جوجه­های گوشتی کاهش دهد و برای اهداف اقتصادی و سلامت ارجحیت دارد زیرا بخشی از پسماندهای جانبی طبیعی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
601 - Economic Opportunity Survey of Small Dairy Farms in the Southwest Part of Iran
M. Vatankhah M. Faraji A.A. Gharadaghi A.R. Aghashahi -
Open Access Article
602 - آثار مکمل جیرهای اسیدهای ارگانیک القاءکننده ایمنی محافظتی بر علیه کوکسیدیوز
آ.ی. عبدوالهی ایکس.جی. یو ی.کیو. فو م.و. وانگ ن.اس. کی م.اچ. گیزا اس. کالون و.د. پان ایکس.ل. شی ی. فانگ اس. ویو و. هو ل.پی. تان کا.ایکس. لی ز. وانگ جی.جی. زو د.ی. فنگ جی.کیو. لیاین مطالعه آثار سه محصول از اسیدهای ارگانیک جیرهای (Acidomix® AFG؛ Activate® AD و Lacplus) روی ایمنی محافظتی بر علیه کوکسیدیوزها را ارزیابی کرد. 280 جوجه 1 روزه گوشتی به طور تصادفی درون 8 گروه شامل 5 تکرار (7 پرنده به ازای هر تکرار)، شامل 2 کنترل (منفی=N؛ مثبت Moreاین مطالعه آثار سه محصول از اسیدهای ارگانیک جیرهای (Acidomix® AFG؛ Activate® AD و Lacplus) روی ایمنی محافظتی بر علیه کوکسیدیوزها را ارزیابی کرد. 280 جوجه 1 روزه گوشتی به طور تصادفی درون 8 گروه شامل 5 تکرار (7 پرنده به ازای هر تکرار)، شامل 2 کنترل (منفی=N؛ مثبت=P) و 6 گروه مکمل اسید ارگانیک (1 درصد AFG، 1 درصد DA، 1 درصد Lacplus، 2 درصد AFG، 2 درصد DA و 2 درصد Lacplus) تقسیم شدند. به استثنای کنترل N (آلوده نشده) ، تمامی 7 گروه به طور خوراکی با 105 × 8 از اووسیتهای هاگآور شده Eimeria tenella در روز 12 بعد از هچ به چالش کشیده شدند. نمونههای خون، طحال و روده کور در روز 22 و 35 بعد از هچ جمعآوری شدند. رشد وزنی بدن، خارج شدن اووسیت مدفوعی، درجه تخریب، نرخ مرگ و میر و pH سکوم بررسی شدند. تست ELISA برای تشخیص خوشه مولکولهای سلول T افتراقی (CD4+ و CD8+) استفاده شده و واکنش زنجیرهای پلیمراز رونوشتبردار معکوس (RT-PCR) برای تشخیص کموکاینهای پیش التهابی (INFγ) و بیان سایتوکاینها (IL-8، IL-15 و IL-17) بکار گرفته شدند. نتیجه نشان داد که مکملسازی اسیدهای ارگانیک به طور معنیداری رشد وزنی بدن را افزایش، ضریب تبدیل خوراک را بهبود، و درجات جراحات و شاخص اووسیت (0.05>P) در مقایسه با گروه کنترل P (آلوده شده غیر مکمل) را کاهش داد. نرخ مرگ و میر در گروه کنترل P بالاتر بود. pH روده کور معنیدار بود (0.05>P) و حداکثر در گروه کنترل P مشاهده شد. جوجههای تغذیه شده با 2 درصد DA و 1 درصد Lacplus درصد بالاتری از مولکولهای سلول T CD4 داشتند، اما مولکولهای سلول T CD8 کمتری داشتند، که ارائه کننده یک عملکرد محافظتی از این زیرمجموعههای سلول T در پاسخ ایمنی ذاتی در مقابل عفونت E. tenella است. کموکاینهای روده کور و طحال و بیان mRNA سایتوکاینها شامل INFγ، IL-8، IL-15 و IL-17 سطوح بالاتری از رونویسی در مقایسه با کنترلهای N و P نشان دادند، که نشان میدهد محصولات اسید ارگانیک ممکن است با بهبود تولید آنها آثار محافظتی خود را اعمال کرده باشند. نتیجه گرفته شده که Activate® DA در سطوح 2 درصد و Laxplus در سطوح 1 درصد هم در روز 22 و هم در روز 35 بعد از هچ بهترین آثار ضدکوکسیدیال را نشان دادهاند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
603 - Effects of Hydrolyzed Cottonseed Protein on Growth Performances, Carcass Traits, Immunity, Microbial and Morphological Responses of the Small Intestine and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Serum, and Small Intestine in Broiler Chickens
N. Landy F. Kheiri -
Open Access Article
604 - Effect of Dietary Melatonin and L-Tryptophan on Growth Performance and Immune Responses ofBroiler Chicken under Experimental Aflatoxicosis
Patil Patil J.S. Tyagi M. Sirajudeen R. Singh R.P. Moudgal J. Mohan -
Open Access Article
605 - Effects of Different Levels of Dried Lemon (Citrus aurantifulia) Pulpon Performance, Carcass Traits, Blood Biochemical and Immunity Parameters of Broilers
A. Nobakht -
Open Access Article
606 - The Effect of Selenized Glucose with Probiotic on Broiler Growth Performance, Immune Response, Intestine Microflora and Morphology
A. Shokrinejad Gerdin M. Afsharmanesh M. Salarmoini M. Khajeh Bami -
Open Access Article
607 - آنتیبادی زرده تخم مرغ علیه اشریشیا کلی انتروتوکسیژنیک K99 در سرم و زرده تخم مرغ مرغان تخمگذار ایمن شده
ا. کرم زاده-دهاقانی آ. توحیدی م. ژندی ن. مژگانیای. کلی انتروتوکسیژنیک K99 به عنوان یکی از مهمترین عوامل بیماریزای مرتبط با اسهال در گوسالههای نوزاد شناخته میشود. ایمنوگلوبینهای زرده تخم مرغ (IgY) به عنوان یک جایگزین ارزان برای آنتیبیوتیکها جهت پیشگیری و درمان از عفونتهای باکتریایی و ویروسی استفاده شده Moreای. کلی انتروتوکسیژنیک K99 به عنوان یکی از مهمترین عوامل بیماریزای مرتبط با اسهال در گوسالههای نوزاد شناخته میشود. ایمنوگلوبینهای زرده تخم مرغ (IgY) به عنوان یک جایگزین ارزان برای آنتیبیوتیکها جهت پیشگیری و درمان از عفونتهای باکتریایی و ویروسی استفاده شده است. هدف از این مطالعه، تهیه IgY اختصاصی علیه ای. کلی انتروتوکسیژنیک K99 و بررسی اثربخشی آن در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بود. به این منظور ای. کلی K99 در محیط TSB کشت داده شد و باکتری توسط فرمالدهید غیر فعال شد. 30 قطعه مرغ لگهورن سفید به دو گروه مساوی کنترل و تیمار تقسیم شدند. یک میلیلیتر از سوسپانسیون باکتری یا سرم فیزیولوژیک استریل تهیه شد و با ادجوانت کامل فروند مخلوط شد. سوسپانسیون بدست آمده به مدت دوهفته در عضله سینه به ترتیب در مرغان گروه تیمار و کنترل تزریق شد. نمونه خون هر دوهفته یکبار از ورید بال مرغان گرفته شد و تخم مرغها به صورت روزانه جمعآوری شد. کل IgY با استفاده از پلی اتیلن گلایکول 6000 در زرده تخم مرغ مرغان ایمن شده خالصسازی شد. مقدار پروتئین در IgY خالص بوسیله روش بردفورد اندازهگیری شد. SDS-PAGE جهت تجزیه و تحلیل زنجیرههای IgY خالص مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیتر IgY اختصاصی در سرم و زرده تخم مرغ به وسیله روش الایزای غیرمستقیم اندازهگیری شد. آزمون مهار رشد در شرایط آزمایشگاهی برای IgY اختصاصی و غیر اختصاصی در غلظتهای 100 و 200 میلیگرم در میلیلیتر ارزیابی شد. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده از الیزای غیر مستقیم، غلظت کل IgY در سرم و زرده تخم مرغ در گروه کنترل نسبتا ثابت بود در حالیکه در گروه تیمار به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت (05/0>P). سطح فعالیت باند کنندگی IgY اختصاصی در سرم و زرده تخم مرغ در مرغان ایمن شده نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش یافت (0.05>P). IgY اختصاصی برای مهار رشد باکتری در غلظت 200 میلیگرم در ملیلیتر بیشترین مقدار بود. این نتایج میتواند نشان دهد که IgY تهیه شده علیه ای. کلی K99 میتواند از رشد این باکتری در شرایط آزمایشگاهی جلوگیری کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
608 - مکمل کروم مخمر و / یا مانان الیگوساکاریدها در جیره بلدرچینهای در حال رشد
L.D. Abd-Elsamee I. El-Wardany N.G. Ali O.M. Abo-El-Azabدر این آزمایش ارزیابی اثرات جیره­های مکمل شده با کروم مخمر یا مانان­ الیگوساکاریدها روی عملکرد تولیدی، صفات لاشه و سیستم ایمنی گزارش شده­ است. جیره­ها مورد استفاده عبارت بودند از: 1) جیره پایه (شاهد)، 2) جیره پایه مکمل شده با 600 میلی­گرم کروم مخمر د Moreدر این آزمایش ارزیابی اثرات جیره­های مکمل شده با کروم مخمر یا مانان­ الیگوساکاریدها روی عملکرد تولیدی، صفات لاشه و سیستم ایمنی گزارش شده­ است. جیره­ها مورد استفاده عبارت بودند از: 1) جیره پایه (شاهد)، 2) جیره پایه مکمل شده با 600 میلی­گرم کروم مخمر در هر کیلوگرم، 3) جیره پایه مکمل شده با 1200 میلیگرم کروم مخمر در هر کیلوگرم، 4) جیره پایه مکمل شده با 1 گرم مانان ­الیگوساکارید در هر کیلوگرم، 5) جیره پایه مکمل شده با 600 میلی­گرم کروم مخمر و 1 گرم مانان ­الیگوساکارید در هر کیلوگرم و 6) جیره پایه مکمل شده با 1200 میلی­گرم کروم مخمر و 1 گرم مانان ­الیگوساکارید در هر کیلوگرم. جوجه بلدرچین­های تغیه شده با جیره­های 2، 4 و 5 وزن نهایی و افزایش وزن مشابهی داشتند ولی هر دو در مقایسه با گروه شاهد وزن بالاتری داشتند. ضریب تبدیل خوراک تمایل نشان داد تا با مکمل جیره­ای بهبود پیدا نمود. صفات لاشه در میان تیمارها تفاوت نداشت. پاسخ­های اولیه و ثانویه ایمنی هومورال بلدرچین­های تغذیه شده با جیره­های حاوی مکمل در مقایسه با شاهد بالاتر بود. مجموع پروتئین پلاسما و تری­آیدوتیروزین توسط مکمل­های جیره­ای افزایش در حالیکه مجموع لیپیدها و کلسترول کاهش یافت. در نتیجه، مکمل جیره­ای حاوی کروم مخمر (600 میلیگرم در هر کیلوگرم) و مانان ­الیگوساکارید (1 گرم) عملکرد تولیدی و ایمنیت را بهبود و محتوای کلسترول را در بلدرچین­های ژاپنی کاهش داد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
609 - تعیین ساختار جمعیت میکروبی شکمبه در بزهای سانن سازگار یافته به جیرهای با فیبر بالا در شمال شرق ایران
س.ه. ابراهیمی ر. ولیزاده و. حیدریان میریبز سوئیسی سانن نژادی است که در گلههای تجاری سراسر جهان یافت میشود. در مقاله حاضر، ساختار جمعیت میکروبی بز سانن که به جیرههای حاوی علوفه خشبی عادت کرده بودند با استفاده از تکنیک پایروسکوئنسینگ مطالعه شده است. نمونه محتویات شکمبه از تعداد 4 رأس بز با استفاده از لوله شک Moreبز سوئیسی سانن نژادی است که در گلههای تجاری سراسر جهان یافت میشود. در مقاله حاضر، ساختار جمعیت میکروبی بز سانن که به جیرههای حاوی علوفه خشبی عادت کرده بودند با استفاده از تکنیک پایروسکوئنسینگ مطالعه شده است. نمونه محتویات شکمبه از تعداد 4 رأس بز با استفاده از لوله شکمی پس از چرای صبحگاهی گرفته شد. پس از خشک کردن نمونههای فوق با روش فریز درایر و استخراج دیانای، ژنهای 16S rRNA باکتریایی و آرکهای و 18S rRNA پروتوزوآیی با واکنش زنجیره پلیمراز تکثیر شدند و پس از توالییابی با روش پایروسکوئنسینگ تیتانیوم 454، با نرم افزار کیمه آنالیز شدند. تجزیه دادهها نشان داد که در سطح جنس، پریوتلا که در شاخه باکتریودتز قرار دارد با غالبیت نسبی 41/29 درصد کل باکتریها اکثریت جنس باکتریایی شکمبه را تشکیل داده بود. جنس طبقهبندی نشدهای از گروه باکتریودالز در همین شاخه (باکتریودتز) با سهم 01/11 درصد جمعیت باکتریایی به عنوان باکتری غالب دوم تعیین شد. شاخه غالب دوم باکتریایی در شکمبه بزهای سانن فرمیکوتس بود و 3 جنس طبقهبندی نشده رده کلستریدیالز ذیل این شاخه جمعا 42/21 درصد جمعیت باکتریایی را به خود اختصاص داده بودند. غالبترین جنس پروتوزوآیی انتودینیوم بود که 78/46 درصد کل جمعیت پروتوزوآ را به خود اختصاص داده بود. پس از آن، اپیدینیوم و افریسکولکس با سهم 37/12 و 92/11 درصدی از کل جمعیت پروتوزوآ در رتبه دوم و سوم قرار داشتند. توالیهای مرتبط با متانوپلاسماتالز به عنوان آرکه غالب جمعیت میکروبی در شکمبه بزهای سانن شناسایی شدند. متانوبرویباکتر گوتسچالکی کلید و متانوبرویباکتر رمیننتیوم کلید با فراوانی به ترتیب 79/35 و 36/13 درصد دومین و سومین گروه تولیدکننده متان بودند. نسبت توالیهای طبقهبندی نشده بالا در نمونههای محتویات شکمبه بزهای سانن در شرایط این مطالعه نشان میدهد باید مطالعات بیشتری بر اساس روشهای مبتنی بر کشت در خصوص شناسایی گونههای مربوطه که احتمالاً در هضم فیبر نقش مهم و اساسی دارند انجام شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
610 - Performance, Morphological Responses of the Small Intestine, and Humoral Immunity of Broilers Fed Oak Acorn (Quercus brantii) as a Substitution for Antibiotic Growth Promoters
A. Afiouni M. Toghyani N. Landy -
Open Access Article
611 - تأثیر اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس بر عملکرد رشد، خصوصیات لاشه، صفات تخم و پاسخ ایمنی بلدرچینهای ژاپنی
ح. حاجاتی م. زاغریدر مطالعه حاضر، 2 آزمایش جهت ارزیابی تأثیر اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس بر عملکرد رشد، خصوصیات لاشه، صفات تخم و پاسخ ایمنی بلدرچین­های ژاپنی طراحی شد. در آزمایش 1، تعداد 180 قطعه جوجه بلدرچین یکروزه به طور تصادفی به 6 گروه، 3 تکرار با 10 جوجه بلدرچین در هر تکرار اختصاص داده Moreدر مطالعه حاضر، 2 آزمایش جهت ارزیابی تأثیر اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس بر عملکرد رشد، خصوصیات لاشه، صفات تخم و پاسخ ایمنی بلدرچین­های ژاپنی طراحی شد. در آزمایش 1، تعداد 180 قطعه جوجه بلدرچین یکروزه به طور تصادفی به 6 گروه، 3 تکرار با 10 جوجه بلدرچین در هر تکرار اختصاص داده شد. جیره­های آزمایشی شامل جیره پایه (بدون افزودنی)، جیره حاوی پروبیوتیک، و جیره­های حاوی 4 سطح اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس (5/2، 5، 10، 20 گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) بود. در آزمایش 2، تعداد 250 قطعه بلدرچین ژاپنی تخمگذار به طور تصادفی به 5 گروه، 5 تکرار با 10 بلدرچین تخمگذار در هر تکرار اختصاص یافت. جیره­های آزمایشی شامل جیره پایه (بدون افزودنی)، و جیره­های مکمل شده با 3 سطح اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس (1، 3 یا 5 گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) بود. در آزمایش اول، استفاده از 5 گرم اسپیرولینا در هر کیلوگرم جیره سبب افزایش وزن بدن بیشتر و افزایش شاخص کارایی تولید اروپایی طی 35-1 روزگی شد (05/0P<). استفاده از اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس در سطوح 5/2 یا 5 گرم/کیلوگرم جیره درصد سینه را افزایش داد (05/0P<). درآزمایش دوم، استفاده از سطوح مختلف اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس ضخامت پوسته، ارتفاع آلبومن، واحد هاو و ارتفاع زرده را در بلدرچین­های تخمگذار کاهش داد (05/0P<). استفاده از سطوح مختلف اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس به طور خطی رنگ زرده تخم را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد افزایش داد (05/0P<). مکمل­سازی اسپیرولینا در سطوح 3 و 5 گرم/کیلوگرم جیره سطح کلسترول به ازای هر گرم زرده را کاهش داد (05/0P<). سطوح مختلف اسپیرولینا سبب افزایش عیار آنتی­بادی تام علیه گلبول قرمز گوسفند و ایمونوگلوبولین G شد (05/0P<). بلدرچین­های تخمگذار تغذیه شده با 3 یا 5 گرم اسپیرولینا/کیلوگرم جیره، 12 یا 24 ساعت بعد از تزریق فیتوهماگلوتینین حساسیت پوستی بیشتری نشان دادند (05/0P<). در نتیجه کلی، ما استفاده از اسپیرولینا پلاتنسیس را در سطوح 5 و 3 گرم/کیلوگرم جیره به ترتیب طی دوره رشد و تخمگذاری بلدرچین ژاپنی توصیه می­کنیم. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
612 - Effects of Different Forms of Cattle Colostrum for Broiler Chickens
M. Arjomand A. Nobakht Y. Mehmannavaz -
Open Access Article
613 - تأثیر عصاره الکلی آویشن و مرزه خوزستانی بر عملکرد و ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی
ح. سوری ع. خطیبجو ک. طاهرپور ا. حسن آبادی ف. فتاح نیا م. عسگریاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر عصاره الکلی آویشن (Thymus vulgaris) و مرزه خوزستانی (Saturejakhuzestanica) در آب آشامیدنی بر عملکرد، متابولیتهای خونی و پاسخ ایمنی جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. سیصد جوجه یکروزه سویه راس 308 به صورت طرح بلوکها کامل تصادفی در قالب فاکتوریل Moreاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر عصاره الکلی آویشن (Thymus vulgaris) و مرزه خوزستانی (Saturejakhuzestanica) در آب آشامیدنی بر عملکرد، متابولیتهای خونی و پاسخ ایمنی جوجههای گوشتی انجام گرفت. سیصد جوجه یکروزه سویه راس 308 به صورت طرح بلوکها کامل تصادفی در قالب فاکتوریل (2×3) به 6 تیمار، 5 تکرار و 10 جوجه در هر تکرار اختصاص یافتند. فاکتورهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از 2 سطح عصاره الکلی آویشن (0 و 1 درصد) و 3 سطح عصاره الکلی مرزه (0، 1 و 2 درصد). وزن بدن (BW)، خوراک مصرفی (FI) و ضریب تبدیل خوراک مصرفی (FCR) در انتهای آزمایش اندازهگیری شد. گلوکز سرم، پروتئین کل، تری گلیسرید، کلسترول- LDLو کلسترول- HDL در 42 روزگی اندازهگیری شد. ایمنوگلوبولین G و M نسبت به تزریق گلبول قرمز خون گوسفند در روزهای 23 و 30 و خونگیری 6 روز بعد از هر تزریق، اندازهگیری شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که عصارههای گیاهی تأثیر معنی داری بر وزن بدن، خوراک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل، وزن نسبی بورس، تیموس و طحال نداشتند (05/0P>). افزودن عصاره مرزه به طور معنی داری موجب افزایش تری گلیسرید خون، کلسترول کل و کلسترول- HDLنسبت به گروه شاهد گردید (05/0>P). پاسخ ایمنی همورال جوجههای گوشتی علیه گلبول قرمز خون گوسفند تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). در مقابل، افزودن عصاره مرزه (2 درصد) به تنهایی و عصاره آویشن (1 درصد) به تنهایی و یا در ترکیب با عصاره مرزه (1 درصد) در مقایسه با گروه شاهد به طور معنی داری باعث افزایش درصد هتروفیل و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت گردید در حالیکه درصد لنفوسیت را کاهش داد (05/0>P). رنگ (a*, b* and L*) و pH گوشت تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار گرفت به طوریکه افزودن عصاره مرزه (1 و 2 درصد) به ترتیب باعث کاهش pH گوشت ران در 24 ساعت پس از کشتار و شاخص رنگ گوشت (a* و b*) ران گردید (05/0>P). عصاره آویشن (1 درصد) و عصاره مرزه 1 و 2 درصد باعث افزایش pH گوشت سینه گردید (05/0>P). به طور کلی به نظر میرسد تحت شرایط این آزمایش سطح پایین این عصارهها موجب کاهش درصد هتروفیل و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت گردید و ممکن است در بهبود ایمنی جوجههای گوشتی سودمند باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
614 - تأثیر تراکم گله و سطح متیونین بر عملکرد رشد و ایمنی جوجههای گوشتی
س. حیدری م. طغیانیآزمایش حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر تراکم گله و سطوح افزایشی متیونین بر عملکرد، پاسخ ایمنی، ویژگیهای لاشه و اندامهای گوارشی جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. در این آزمایش 390 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (راس 308) به صورت کاملاً تصادفی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل 2 Moreآزمایش حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر تراکم گله و سطوح افزایشی متیونین بر عملکرد، پاسخ ایمنی، ویژگیهای لاشه و اندامهای گوارشی جوجههای گوشتی انجام شد. در این آزمایش 390 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (راس 308) به صورت کاملاً تصادفی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل 2 × 3 با 6 تیمار و 5 تکرار اختصاص یافتند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 3 سطح تراکم گله (12، 16 و 18 جوجه در مترمربع) و 2 سطح متیونین (100 و 120 درصد توصیه شده برای سویه راس 308) در 42 روز آزمایش استفاده شدند. نتایج نشان داد که تراکم 18 در کل دوره پرورش وزن بدن، افزایش وزن بدن و مصرف خوراک را کاهش و ضریب تبدیل غذایی را افزایش داد (05/0>P). در سن 42 روزگی در سطح 120 درصد متیونین وزن بدن تمایل به افزایش داشت. تراکم گله به طور معنیداری وزن نسبی پیش معده، پانکراس، سنگدان و دئودنوم را تحت تأثیر قرار داد (05/0>P). جوجههایی که سطح 120 درصد متیونین دریافت کردند، وزن نسبی ژژنوم و طول ایلئوم آنها به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت (05/0>P). تیتر آنتیبادی علیه سلولهای قرمز خون گوسفند (SRBC)، ویروسهای نیوکاسل و آنفلوانزا، نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت و ارگانهای لنفوئیدی به جز طحال تحت تأثیر تیمارهای آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند (05/0>P). در مجموع، تراکم جیره اثر منفی بر عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی داشت و سطوح متیونین اثر قابل توجهی بر عملکرد آنها نداشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
615 - تأثیر به کارگیری پودر مریم گلی (Salvia officinalis) بر عملکرد، سلول های خون، تیتر ایمنی، فراسنجه های بیوشیمیایی و ریخت شناسی روده باریک در جوجه های گوشتی
م. فرهادی م. هدایتی م. منافی س. خلجیاین آزمایش به منظور مقایسه سطوح مختلف پودر گیاه دارویی مریم گلی بر عملکرد، پاسخ­های ایمنی، سلول­های خونی، فراسنجه­های بیوشیمیایی و ریخت­شناسی روده باریک در جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گرفت. تعداد 200 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 (مخلوط نر و ماده) در قالب طر Moreاین آزمایش به منظور مقایسه سطوح مختلف پودر گیاه دارویی مریم گلی بر عملکرد، پاسخ­های ایمنی، سلول­های خونی، فراسنجه­های بیوشیمیایی و ریخت­شناسی روده باریک در جوجه­های گوشتی انجام گرفت. تعداد 200 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 (مخلوط نر و ماده) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار گروه آزمایشی و پنج تکرار و 10 قطعه جوجه در هر تکرار، از سن یک تا 42 روزگی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. گروه آزمایشی 1 به عنوان گروه شاهد دریافت کننده جیره پایه و گروه­های آزمایشی 2، 3 و 4 به ترتیب 0.2، 0.5 و 1.2 درصد پودر مریم گلی همراه با جیره پایه دریافت کردند. در این بررسی مشخص شد که بیشترین میزان وزن­گیری و کمترین ضریب تبدیل خوراک در کل دوره به طور معنی­دار در گروه 5/0 درصد پودر مریم گلی مشاهده شد. از طرفی بیشترین خوراک مصرفی در گروه شاهد مشاهده شده که معنی­دار بوده است. هم­چنین میزان 2/0 درصد پودر برگ مریم گلی در افزایش معنی­دار (P<0.05) سلول­های ایئوزینوفیل، مونوسیت و هتروفیل و بهبود تیتر ایمنی هومورال علیه نیوکاسل و آنفلوانزا به طور معنی­داری مؤثر بوده (P<0.05) و کمترین این موارد در گروه شاهد مشاهده شد. گروه آزمایشی 2/0 درصد پودر برگ مریم گلی به طور معنی­داری در کاهش کلسترول سرم خون، تری­گلیسرید و لیپوپروتئین با چگالی کم و در افزایش لیپوپروتئین با چگالی زیاد مؤثر بوده است (P<0.05). در ریخت­شناسی روده، میزان 0.2 درصد پودر مریم گلی در افزایش ارتفاع پرز و تعداد سلول­های گابلت روده و بهبود شاخص سلامتی ایلئوم مؤثر بوده است. با توجه به مطالعه حاضر مصرف پودر مریم گلی در جیره جوجه گوشتی در میزان 0.2 تا 0.5 درصد در بهبود صفات عملکردی، فراسنجه­های ایمنی، خونی و بیوشیمیایی و بهبود شاخص سلامتی روده اثر معنی­داری داشته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
616 - بررسی اثرات بهبود دهنده افزودن روغن ضروری گیاه آویشن به جیره بر عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی جوجههای گوشتی تحت استرس گرمایی
ک. رافت خفار ع. مجتهدین ن. رستگار م. کلوانی نیتلی ع. الفتیاسترس گرمایی به عنوان تغییر دهنده عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی شناخته می­شود. گیاهان دارویی به عنوان بهبود دهنده رشد و ایمنی استفاده می­شوند. بنابراین، این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات بهبود دهنده افزودن روغن ضروری گیاه آویشن به جیره بر عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی جوجه& Moreاسترس گرمایی به عنوان تغییر دهنده عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی شناخته می­شود. گیاهان دارویی به عنوان بهبود دهنده رشد و ایمنی استفاده می­شوند. بنابراین، این آزمایش به منظور بررسی اثرات بهبود دهنده افزودن روغن ضروری گیاه آویشن به جیره بر عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی جوجه­های گوشتی تحت استرس گرمایی طراحی گردید. جوجه­های گوشتی به پنج گروه تقسیم شدند؛ 1) جوجه­ها جیره پایه دریافت کرده و تحت شرایط دمایی نرمال قرار داشتند، 2) جوجه­ها جیره پایه دریافت کرده همراه با شرایط استرس گرمایی، 3، 4 و 5) جوجه­های گوشتی به ترتیب جیره پایه شامل 100، 150 و 200 میلی­گرم روغن ضروری آویشن/کیلوگرم وزن بدن دریافت کرده و تحت شرایط استرس گرمایی قرار داشتند. جوجه­های گوشتی در روزهای 35 و 42 آزمایش از جهت بررسی تولید آنتیبادی علیه گلبولهای قرمز گوسفند مورد ارزیابی واقع شدند. همچنین در روز 42 آزمایش از جوجه­های گوشتی به منظور بررسی پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی خون نمونه تهیه شد. استرس گرمایی میزان ضریب تبدیل غذایی و نرخ مرگ­ و ­میر را افزایش و باعث کاهش نرخ رشد و مصرف غذا گردید (05/0P<). افزودن روغن ضروری آویشن در سطوح 150 و 200 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم وزن بدن موجب بهبود اثرات منفی استرس گرمایی بر عملکرد رشد شد (05/0P<). استرس گرمایی باعث افزایش سطوح سرمی کلسترول، تری گلیسرید، کورتیکواستروئید، مالون دی آلدئید و میزان هتروفیل خون گردید (05/0P<)، و همچنین باعث کاهش تولید آنتیبادی علیه گلبولهای قرمز گوسفند، میزان لنفوسیت خون و وزن ارگان­های لنفاوی شد (05/0P<). افزودن روغن ضروری آویشن به جیره در سطوح 150 و 200 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم وزن بدن باعث بهبود اثرات منفی استرس گرمایی بر پارامترهای بیوشیمیای خون و پاسخ­های ایمینی گردید (05/0P<). روغن ضروری آویشن به جیره در سطوح 150 و 200 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم وزن بدن می­تواند به عنوان بهبود دهنده عملکرد رشد و پاسخ­های ایمنی در پرورش جوجه­های گوشتی در مناطق گرمسیری توصیه شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
617 - Effects of Bovine Bile and Savory Essential Oil Supplemented Diets on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Parameters and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens
S. Farajollahzadeh A.R. Safamehr A. Nobakht Y. Mehmannavaz -
Open Access Article
618 - Relationship between Immunoglobulin Concentrations in the Ewe's Serum and Colostrum, and Lamb's Serum in Lori-Bakhtiari Sheep
M. Vatankhah -
Open Access Article
619 - اثر پودر ضایعات گوجه فرنگی روی عملکرد تخمگذاری، کیفیت تخم مرغ، محتوای پروفایل لیپید و کاروتن تخم مرغ در مرغان تخمگذار
M. Habanabashaka M. Sengabo I.O. Oladunjoyeاین مطالعه در طی 8 هفته و برای بررسی اثرات استفاده از پودر ضایعات گوجه فرنگی در جیره مرغان تخمگذار روی عملکرد تخمگذاری، کیفیت تخم مرغ و پروفایل لیپید تخم مرغ و همچنین برای کاهش هزینه خوراک و تولید انجام شد. چهار جیره تخمگذاری حاوی پودر ضایعات گوجه فرنگی در چهار سطح 0، 3 Moreاین مطالعه در طی 8 هفته و برای بررسی اثرات استفاده از پودر ضایعات گوجه فرنگی در جیره مرغان تخمگذار روی عملکرد تخمگذاری، کیفیت تخم مرغ و پروفایل لیپید تخم مرغ و همچنین برای کاهش هزینه خوراک و تولید انجام شد. چهار جیره تخمگذاری حاوی پودر ضایعات گوجه فرنگی در چهار سطح 0، 3، 6 و 9 درصد به طور تصادفی به چهار گروه 40 قطعهای از مرغان در یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی اختصاص یافتند. هر تیمار شامل چهار تکرار و هر تکرار شامل 10 قطعه مرغ بود. دادههای جمعآوری شده توسط رویه GLM بسته نرمافزاری SASآنالیز شدند. نتایج تفاوت معنیداری برای سطوح 0، 3 و 6 درصد از پودر ضایعات در مورد تولید تخممرغ، پروفایل لیپید زرده و محتوای کاروتن آن نشان نداد (به ترتیب 30/68، 80/67 و 10/68 درصد) اما در سطح 9 درصد استفاده از پودر ضایعات کاهش معنیدار در این تولید (45/63 درصد تولید روز مرغ) مشاهده شد. ضریب تبدیل خوراک در سطح 9 درصد به طور معنیداری بالاتر بود. وزن تخممرغ، واحدهاو و شاخص زرده توسط تیمارهای جیرهای تأثیر نپذیرفتند. رنگ زرده به طور معنیداری با افزایش سطح ضایعات در جیرهها افزایش یافت. محتوای لیپیدزرده (از جمله کلسترول) در کمترین مقدار در سطوح 6 و 9 درصد بود. محتوای کاروتنوئید زرده (از جمله لیکوپن) در مرغان تغذیه شده با پودر ضایعات به طور معنیداری با افزایش محتوای ضایعات افزایش یافت. نتیجه اینکه، استفاده از پودر ضایعات گوجه فرنگی تا سطح 6 درصد میتواند بدون اثر سوء روی کیفیت تخم مرغ و میزان تولید تخم مرغ در جیره مرغان تخمگذار استفاده شود. این سطح از پودر ضایعات همچنین نشان داد که از طریق افزایش شاخص رنگ زرده و غلظلت لیکوپن و همچنین کاهش محتوای کلسترول زرده تخممرغ میتواند مفید نیز باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
620 - Selenium Supplementation Efficacy in Small Ruminants: A Review
A.B. Amin R. Audu A.A. Ibrahim M. Dalha M.T. Aleem A.I. Abdullahi -
Open Access Article
621 - اثربخشی استفاده از پروبیوتیک چند سویهای در عملکرد، پاسخهای ایمنی و جمعیت میکروبی سکوم در جوجههای گوشتی پرورش یافته در شرایط استرس گرمایی
ن. لندی ا. کاویانیاین پژوهش جهت بررسی اثرات استفاده از پروبیوتیک چند سویهای (پریمالاک) در عملکرد، پاسخهای ایمنی و جمعیت میکروبی سکوم در جوجههای گوشتی پرورش یافته در استرس گرمایی انجام شد. در این آزمایش 96 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (سویه راس 308) بهطور تصادفی به 8 گروه 12 قطعهای تقسیم Moreاین پژوهش جهت بررسی اثرات استفاده از پروبیوتیک چند سویهای (پریمالاک) در عملکرد، پاسخهای ایمنی و جمعیت میکروبی سکوم در جوجههای گوشتی پرورش یافته در استرس گرمایی انجام شد. در این آزمایش 96 قطعه جوجه گوشتی یکروزه (سویه راس 308) بهطور تصادفی به 8 گروه 12 قطعهای تقسیم و سپس با وجود 2 تیمار آزمایشی هر 4 گروه بهطور تصادفی به یکی از تیمارهای آزمایشی اختصاص داده شدند. در طول دوره آزمایش (42-0 روزگی)، جوجههای گوشتی جیره پایه (کنترل) و جیره پایه مکمل شده با 9/0 گرم پریمالاک در کیلوگرم خوراک را دریافت کردند. میانگین مصرف خوراک روزانه، ضریب تبدیل غذایی و افزایش وزن روزانه در سنین 14، 28 و 42 روزگی تعیین شدند. جمعیت میکروبی لاکتوباسیلوسها و کلیفرمها در سکوم اندازهگیری و محاسبه شدند. در سن 28 روزگی نمونه خون از ورید بالی برای اندازهگیری عیار پادتن بر علیه نیوکاسل، برونشیت، و گامبرو گرفته شد. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که استفاده از پروبیوتیک بهطور معنیداری (05/0P<) باعث افزایش عملکرد در جوجههای گوشتی گردید، بهطوریکه وزنبدن و متوسط افزایش وزن روزانه افزایش و ضریب تبدیل خوراکی کاهش یافت. جمعیت میکروبی لاکتوباسیلوسها در جوجههای مکمل شده با پروبیوتیک بهطور معنیداری افزایش یافت و جمعیت کلیفرمها بهطور معنیداری کاهش یافت (05/0P<). همچنین استفاده از پروبیوتیک عیار پادتن تولیدی بر علیه ویروس نیوکاسل، برونشیت و گامبرو را افزایش داد. از جمعبندی نتایج این تحقیق چنین بهنظر میرسد که مکمل کردن جیرههای جوجههای گوشتی پرورش یافته در شرایط استرس گرمایی با 9/0 گرم پریمالاک در کیلوگرم خوراک اثرات مطلوبی را در عملکرد، پاسخهای ایمنی و جمعیت میکروبی سکوم القا نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
622 - پلی ساکارید جینسنگ (Panax ginseng) میتواند در جوجههای گوشتی ایمنی علیه ویروس آنفلوانزای طیور H9N2 را بهبود دهد
اس. کالون آ.ی. عبدالهیظرفیت ایجاد ایمنی هومورال پلی ساکاارید جین­سنگ (GPS) علیه ویروس آنفلوآنزای طیور H9N2 در جوجه­های گوشتی بررسی شد. اثرات تیمار قبل و در طی آلودگی با ویروس آنفلوانزای طیور H9N2 در فیبروبلاست جنین جوجه­ها (CEF) توسط MTT (3(4 و 5-دی متیل تیازول)-2 و 3- دی فتییل Moreظرفیت ایجاد ایمنی هومورال پلی ساکاارید جین­سنگ (GPS) علیه ویروس آنفلوآنزای طیور H9N2 در جوجه­های گوشتی بررسی شد. اثرات تیمار قبل و در طی آلودگی با ویروس آنفلوانزای طیور H9N2 در فیبروبلاست جنین جوجه­ها (CEF) توسط MTT (3(4 و 5-دی متیل تیازول)-2 و 3- دی فتییل تترالیوم­بروماید) و تجزیه کمی MHC با روش RT-PCR و بیان سیتوکین تعیین شد. درصدهای سلول­های TCD3+، CD4+ و CD8+ در لنفوسیت­های خون احشایی و تیترهای آنتی­بادی سرمی در آزمایشگاه تعیین شدند. بیان بالای MHCII و سیتوکین­های IL-2، IL-4 و IL-10 در تیمارهای CEF و GPS قبل و در طی عفونت با H9N2 مشاهده شد. این نتایج مشخص نمود که فعالیت ضد­ویروسی GPS توسط پیش تیمار CEF افزایش یافت و اینکه GPS پاسخ­های ایمنی هومورال اولیه را در جوجه­های جوان تسریع میکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
623 - اثر کلسیم، فسفر و روی در جیره پایه گندم بر عملکرد، ایمنی و پارامترهای استخوانی جوجههای گوشتی
م. عسگری ع. خطیبجو ک. طاهرپور ف. فتاح نیا ح. سوریاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر مکمل روی (Zn) و سطوح مختلف کلسیم (Ca) و فسفر (P) بر ایمنی، عملکرد و پارامترهای استخوانی جوجههای گوشتی انجام گردید. برای این منظور از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 تجاری به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 3 سطح مکمل ر Moreاین آزمایش به منظور بررسی تأثیر مکمل روی (Zn) و سطوح مختلف کلسیم (Ca) و فسفر (P) بر ایمنی، عملکرد و پارامترهای استخوانی جوجههای گوشتی انجام گردید. برای این منظور از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس 308 تجاری به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 3 سطح مکمل روی و دو سطح کلسیم به فسفر، به صورت 6 تیمار، 5 تکرار و 10 جوجه در هر تکرار استفاده گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 1) جیره پایه (شاهد)، 2) جیره پایه + 50 میلیگرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی، 3) جیره پایه + 70 میلیگرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی، 4) جیره دارای کلسیم-فسفر پایین (6/0 به 3/0 درصد)، 5) جیره دارای کلسیم-فسفر پایین + 50 میلیگرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی و 6) جیره دارای کلسیم-فسفر پایین + 70 میلیگرم درکیلوگرم مکمل روی. میزان کلسیم-فسفر جیره شاهد در دوره رشد و پایانی به ترتیب 9/0 به 45/0 و 85/0 به 42/0 درصد جیره بود. تغییر کلسیم و فسفر جیره تأثیری بر وزن بدن، خوراک مصرفی، ضریب تبدیل خوراک یا کلسیم و فسفر سرم نداشت (05/0P>) درحالیکه مکمل روی خوراک مصرفی جوجهها را افزایش داد (05/0P<). افزودن 50 میلیگرم روی به هر کیلوگرم جیره باعث افزایش فسفر سرم گردید (05/0P>) درحالیکه بر تیتر آنتیبادی علیه گلبول قرمز خون گوسفند تأثیر معنی داری نداشت (05/0P<). بالاترین درصد لنفوسیت و کمترین درصد هتروفیل و نسبت هتروفیل به لنفوسیت در جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی کلسیم و فسفر استاندارد همراه با 70 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم مکمل روی مشاهده گردید (05/0P>). جیرههای آزمایشی بر طول استخوان، ضخامت و نیروی شکست استخوان تأثیر معنی داری نداشتند (05/0P<). در مقایسه با جیره شاهد، تغذیه جیره کم کلسیم-فسفر باعث کاهش میزان خاکستر استخوانهای نازک نی و درشت نی گردید (05/0P>). به طور کلی جیرههای کم کلسیم-فسفر تأثیر مخربی بر عملکرد، فراسنجههای خونی و استخوانی جوجههای گوشتی نداشتند و مکمل کردن جیرهها با روی نتوانست فراسنجههای مذکور را در جوجههای تغذیه شده با جیرههای کم کلسیم بهبود دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
624 - ارزیابی شاخص های خونی و ایمنی هومورال مرغ های تخمگذار تجاری تغذیه شده با جیره های حاوی کنجاله پنبه دانه و بنتونیت سدیم
A. Gilani ح. کرمانشاهی ا. گلیان ع. طهماسبی م. اعمی ازغدیهدف این تحقیق ارزیابی اثرات کنجاله پنبه­دانه عمل­آوری شده با بنتونیت سدیم بر برخی ترکیبات خونی و پاسخ ایمنی مرغ­های تخمگذار تجاری بود. این پژوهش بهصورت ترتیب فاکتوریل 3 × 3 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه سطح 0، 1 و 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و سه سطح 0، 10 Moreهدف این تحقیق ارزیابی اثرات کنجاله پنبه­دانه عمل­آوری شده با بنتونیت سدیم بر برخی ترکیبات خونی و پاسخ ایمنی مرغ­های تخمگذار تجاری بود. این پژوهش بهصورت ترتیب فاکتوریل 3 × 3 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه سطح 0، 1 و 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و سه سطح 0، 10 و 20 درصد کنجاله پنبه­دانه در جیره انجام شد. این آزمایش با 9 تیمار و 4 تکرار 8 قطعه­ای مرغ تخمگذار هایلاین واریته 36W- از سن51 تا 63 هفتگی اجرا شد. نمونه­های خونی برای آنالیز سلول­ها و ترکیبات در انتهای دوره از سیاهرگ بال به­دست آمدند. بنتونیت سدیم، کنجاله پنبه­دانه و اثر متقابل آنها تاثیر منفی بر سلول­ها و ترکیبات خونی نداشتند. گلبول قرمز گوسفند بهعنوان آنتی­ژن برای سنجش پاسخ ایمنی استفاده شد که به دو پرنده از هر تکرار در 60 هفتگی تزریق شد. نمونه­های خونی 7 و 14 روز پس از تزریق گلبول­های قرمز گوسفند از هر مرغ گرفته شده و تیتر anti-SRBC،IgG وIgM تعیین شدند. هیچ اثر معنی­داری از بنتونیت سدیم، کنجاله پنبه­دانه و اثر متقابل آنها بر کل پادتن تولیدی بر ضد گلبول­های قرمز گوسفند مشاهده نشد، اما IgG با استفاده از میزان20 درصد کنجاله پنبه­دانه در جیره در روز 7 پس از تزریق و با 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم در 14 روز پس از تزریق به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. میزان IgG در مورد اثرات متقابل نیز در تیمار حاوی 2 درصد بنتونیت سدیم و 20 درصد کنجاله پنبه­دانه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد 14 روز پس از تزریق به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت. در نتیجه، ترکیبات خونی به­طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر جیره­های آزمایشی قرار نگرفتند، اما پاسخ ایمنی تغییر کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
625 - The Effect of Colostrum Powder Supplementation on Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Blood Biochemical Parameters, Immunity and Antioxidant Status of Broilers
M.H. Gorbannejhad Parapary A. Nobakht Y. Mehmannavaz -
Open Access Article
626 - Does Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) Can be Considered as a Functional Additive in Japanese Quails̓ Diets?
ح. حاجاتی R. Negarandeh -
Open Access Article
627 - Investigating the nature of foams produced in water treatment process units after pre-ozonation operation
Bahman MasoomiThe aim of this study was to determine the nature of the foam produced in the process of water purification operations after the pre- ozonation which on a real scale on the pre-ozonation unit of Kuh Sabz water treatment plant in Fars province with has been done by chang MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the nature of the foam produced in the process of water purification operations after the pre- ozonation which on a real scale on the pre-ozonation unit of Kuh Sabz water treatment plant in Fars province with has been done by changing the dose of ozone injection and sampling of the foams. The results showed that the foam formed in the ponds they are mainly composed of two parts, hydrophobic and hydrophilic which contains compounds such as turbidity, suspended solids, dissolved organics, surfactants, fats, nitrates, phosphates, cyanobacteria and chlorophyll a. Analysis of foam forming factors in process units showed that aromatic and aliphatic structures of compounds unstable due to reaction with other chemicals added to water and due to the lack of suitable conditions for coagulation and flocculation causes the formation of foam in water treatment process units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
628 - Determination of River Regime Equations Based on Stream Power Equation
ali bagheri mohamad sadegh ghorbaniIn this paper, river regime equations through developing of unit stream power equation and based on data of babolrood River were derived. For this purpose, with the review of previous research, the principles and concepts of regime and hydraulic geometry of the river is MoreIn this paper, river regime equations through developing of unit stream power equation and based on data of babolrood River were derived. For this purpose, with the review of previous research, the principles and concepts of regime and hydraulic geometry of the river is mentioned. then, methods and out-comes of former researchers are classified. On the next step, based on dimensional analysis, unit stream power as a function of river flow parameters including suspended sediment load and specific gravity of particles is developed. Using the unit stream power equation and babolrood River' data, regime equations are derived for these rivers. Finally, the results derived from regime equations are compared with the field data and regime equations of the other researchers. A good agreement was observed between field data and values resulted from developed regime equations in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
629 - Unity and sympathy in the poems of Sa'eb Tabrizi
Hossein Faghihi arezo JavadiUnity and sympathy as meaning to spread humanitarianism and deep human ties are among the topics that included the Persian language and literature. They have reflected in the poems of famous poets which has been expressed coherently and eloquently. Sa'eb is one of the p MoreUnity and sympathy as meaning to spread humanitarianism and deep human ties are among the topics that included the Persian language and literature. They have reflected in the poems of famous poets which has been expressed coherently and eloquently. Sa'eb is one of the poets that with respect to the importance of human dignity and value has examined one of the biggest needs of human; namely, The unity and solidarity. He acknowledged that the real comfort belongs to those who advocate the voice of kindness and helping others and think about love and friendship. the Poet for achieving this goal encouraged everyone to preserve ethical values such as love, philantropy tolerance and patient, tendency to the human nature, reason and foresight, humor, sympathy and companionship, kindness and generosity, service to fellow man, logical talking and avoid bad traits such as Greed and selfishness, haughtiness and arrogance, oppression and injustice, cramped mood, carp, luxury-oriented and obscene remarks and impermissible. He respcted all religions and envited them to the tolerance and respect their views and avoid any selfishness, coarse, double vision and distorted thinking. He and to And it also depends on what the world counts for unity, because respect considers it as a factor for global unity and solidarity because respecting religions on the one hand ends massacres and religious wars end on the other hand it causes friendship and collaboration for achieving humanitarian goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
630 - The social and intellectual basisin the thoughts ofseizing the opportunity in The Persian quatrains
Saeid HatamiHuman predilection to enjoy happiness and inner tranquility, depending on the intellectual and social situation in the Persianquatrains in the form of phrasesconnected with taste and ethical teachingshas been manifested. As this doctrine has always been one of the centr MoreHuman predilection to enjoy happiness and inner tranquility, depending on the intellectual and social situation in the Persianquatrains in the form of phrasesconnected with taste and ethical teachingshas been manifested. As this doctrine has always been one of the central didactic themes in the poem. This article intends to contemplateon the Iranian most popularquatrains, tillthe 8th century,in order to not only understanding the quality ofdistinct reflections of the teachings in their work, and findingthe social and intellectual fundamentals of the idea of inviting the audience to use every opportunity, lenienceand joyfulness,but alsofindingthe quality of the idea being impressedbyemotional and intellectual society situations. According to the study, ethical teachings in thesequatrains, being profoundly impressed by current thoughts and political situations, despite thesimilarities to the idea of hedonism in the attitude of the meaning of happiness, peace, and strategies to achieve,have benefitted fromthe deep intellectual supports, independent ofthe school of hedonism, which arerooted in their humanistic worldview and attitude. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
631 - An Optimized Firefly Algorithm based on Cellular Learning Automata for Community Detection in Social Networks
Hasan Rabani Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh -
Open Access Article
632 - A Fast Block Size Decision For Intra Coding in HEVC Standard
Mohammadreza Ramezanpour Reihaneh Khorsand -
Open Access Article
633 - An Improved Symbiotic Organisms Search for Community Detection in Social Networks
Yahya Ghanbarzadeh Bonab -
Open Access Article
634 - On the Evaluation Effects of the Implementation of Rural Guiding Plans and its Role in Rural Development from the Local Community Point of View (Case Study: The Central Part of Ize City)
Sedigheh Karaminasab Siavash Molaei PardehNowadays, rural guiding plan as the most important management tool, considered as the first organized and national comprehensive effort for spatial organization of villages in the country, which can play a fundamental role in the integrated development of rural areas. & MoreNowadays, rural guiding plan as the most important management tool, considered as the first organized and national comprehensive effort for spatial organization of villages in the country, which can play a fundamental role in the integrated development of rural areas. Now, after more than three decades of developing and implementing rural plans and pooling valuable experience in the field of space-related change, we need to know what the consequences of these actions have been. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of its role in rural development plan and the rural areas of the central part of Ize city. This is a descriptive - analytical study, and data were gathered through library and field study. The population of the study were residents of 7 villages in central part of Izeh city (3466 households) who have spent more than 10 years since their implementation of rural guiding plan that based on the Cochran formula, the sample size was estimated at 346 individuals. The study's tool was a questionnaire for residents of the villages involved in the plan and the validity of this study was confirmed by some experts. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.85) was used to determine the reliability of the main scale of the questionnaire. Also, SPSS software was applied for data analysis. The results of this study indicated that the means of the two dimensions (Physical and Social) had better performance than the economic and environmental dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
635 - The Study Indicators and Opportunities of Entrepreneurship Development in Rural Settlements in Boyer-Ahmad County
mohammad eskandari ahmad taghdisi yousof GhanbariUndoubtedly, Trying to reduce the problems of rural areas and their proper deployment in the development cycle require special attention. Today, attention to the development of entrepreneurship in these aUndoubtedly, Trying to reduce the problems of rural areas and their proper deployment in the development cycle require special attention. Today, attention to the development of entrepreneurship in these a Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
636 - The effect of Menarid International Project on the development of local communities (Case study: Hamoon Sistan project)
NAZANIN NAIMABADAI HAMID Jalaliyan vahid riyahi mahmud reza mirlotfiThe main goal of this project is to empower local communities, i. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of this project on the development of local communities in Hamoon area. The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied purpose and in t MoreThe main goal of this project is to empower local communities, i. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of this project on the development of local communities in Hamoon area. The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of applied purpose and in terms of data collection and analysis methods. . Field data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and collected by survey and interview. The results showed that this project in the social dimension only in the areas of (increasing self-confidence in the abilities of people in rural areas, increasing the participation of women in rural development, solidarity and mass communication between women in rural areas, the existence of networks Social and economic for girls and women in the countryside, social security suitable for the movement of women and girls), in the environmental dimension in items (promotion and implementation of training classes by regional promoters, training of various crops in the field ) Has had favorable effects in terms of infrastructure in items (access to various agricultural inputs, access to rural cooperatives) and in other economic and physical dimensions has not had a favorable effect in any of the items. Also, the results of spatial analysis of local community development by development dimensions in Hamoon area showed that Kikha village has the highest rank in dimensions (economic, social, physical, infrastructure, environmental) in terms of the impact of the Menarid project. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
637 - Evaluation of the Livelihood Levels of Nomads Settlement Centers in the Central District of Boyer Ahmad County
سید امیر توفیقیان اصل vahid reyahi abbas Bakhshandeh Nusrat hamid jalalianOne of the tribal community development planning strategies is settling, which has been implemented with the goals of servicing, construction and development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the livability of nomadic settlements in the central part of Boyer Ah MoreOne of the tribal community development planning strategies is settling, which has been implemented with the goals of servicing, construction and development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the livability of nomadic settlements in the central part of Boyer Ahmad County by descriptive-analytical method. The research approach is a combined approach (quantitative - qualitative - quantitative). Required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, observation and semi-structured interviews based on grounded theory. The statistical population of the study consisted of four nomadic settlements with a total of 272 households. Data analysis was performed using Path Analysis and TOPSIS methods. The results show that employment and income criteria have the most significant direct effect on livability. Nomadic families living in a quiet, safe, balanced and stable residential environment with higher social welfare have a higher quality of life. Also, there is a statistically significant direct relationship between population size and proximity to the top urban centers with the livability of the centers. Also, the causal relationship between optimal water and pasture management indicates a significant indirect effect on livelihoods, meaning that livestock-based households pay little attention to environmental impacts and make the most use of nature. Moreover, from the point of view of the residents, Mansourabad has the first highest level of livability and the Talkhdan settlement is ranked second with the right points and the least difference, and Hosseinabad and Dali Bajak are in the third and fourth levels, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
638 - Analysis of strategies for adaptation of local communities to the effects of 120-day winds in Sistan (Case study: villages of Nehbandan county)
Tahereh Sadeghloo sakineh arabIntroduction: Today, due to the increase in the potential of natural hazards to cause major social, economic and environmental damage, as well as the intensification of climate change, adaptation and coexistence with hazards has become a guiding principle for reducing i MoreIntroduction: Today, due to the increase in the potential of natural hazards to cause major social, economic and environmental damage, as well as the intensification of climate change, adaptation and coexistence with hazards has become a guiding principle for reducing its damage, preparation, response and recovery throughout the world.Creating compatibility and adaptation with natural phenomena and hazards and coexisting with them as one of the ways to deal with and manage their adverse effects as well as using the positive potentials of these phenomena are important strategies in hazard management.Some of the natural processes in integration and engagement with other events and behavioral patterns of communities become more risky than the sustainability and survival of communities depend on management and the proper response to them. The 120 - day northeast winds of the country are the natural processes that have persisted long. climate change and drought due to it have fueled the effects of 120 - day winds on different aspects of local communities.Methodology: the aim of this study : the present study examined the effects of these winds in 10 villages of Nehbandan county and also the analysis of the most important actions of 187 families from residents in the region to cope with these effects .Geographical area of research: villages of Nehbandan County Results and discussion: to determine the most important effects and measures of villagers for adaptation, first half structured interview with a number of experts and experts involved in the issue has been made and after analyzing the interviews, indexes and variables are extracted and the basis of designing a structured questionnaire is used to evaluate the effects and actions of local communities.Conclusion: the results indicate that the most impacts on environmental dimension ( 88 / 88 ) and the most important measures to deal with social - cultural dimension ( 47 ) have been done .keywords: local communities, risk management, 120 - day winds, adaptability, Nehbandan county. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
639 - Development of employment opportunities on geotourism (Case study: Julfa in east Azerbaijan)
آیت اله ممیز مهدی عباسی سیده عاطفه قاسمیToday, many development planners and policy makers, mention tourism as the main pillars of sustainable development. Geotourism is one of the specialized nature tourism. One of the prone areas on geotourism in Iran is East Azarbaijan province. Julfa region in MoreToday, many development planners and policy makers, mention tourism as the main pillars of sustainable development. Geotourism is one of the specialized nature tourism. One of the prone areas on geotourism in Iran is East Azarbaijan province. Julfa region in North West of East Azarbaijan province is the case study for this paper. As one of the richest areas in terms of tourist attractions, Julfa has suitable places for tourism planning based on the geotourism. The purpose of this study is to develop of employment opportunities in the field of geotourism in Julfa region. This study is based on a descriptive survey. Statistical population of this study was 100 people and the data collection was based on interviews, observation and questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha approach and the validity of the views of scholars and professors have been used for reliability of the questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS software and The Friedman nonparametric test has been used for testing and prioritization of variables. The results show that the tendency to create new opportunities besides existing natural opportunities would cause increase and enhance on employment opportunities in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
640 - Analysis of Socio-Economic and Physical Environmental Effects of Second Home Construction in Tourism Villages, Based on Host Community point of view (Case Study: Barase Village - Tonkabon Township)
gharib Fazelniya akbar kiani mehdi ramezan zadeh elham afsharIntroduction The second home is one of the reasons that tourists notice to villages. Also, those often built because of spending leisure time in rural areas. The second home phenomenon is growing in developing countries rapidly. Also, it is a respond to r MoreIntroduction The second home is one of the reasons that tourists notice to villages. Also, those often built because of spending leisure time in rural areas. The second home phenomenon is growing in developing countries rapidly. Also, it is a respond to rural crises that caused by change in agricultural methods. In addition, this phenomenon augmented by the climatic and geographic differences, Rural and urban migration, Environmental Pollution, Population and overcrowding in cities, improve of way communications, Increase the benefit of personal car. Over all, developing of such kind of tourism has social, economical and environmental consequences. Research Methodology The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of second home on tourism rural structure of Baraseh village in Tonkabon Township. This study focused on economic, social and physical environment aspects. The descriptive analytic research method was based on documental library studies, documental resources, finding fields and questionnaire surveying. Results The results indicated that the host community satisfaction was less than average, in economic domain, social and physical-environment factors. In this study accounted significant level of alpha 0.05 considered and it was equal to 0.000.this result shows that there is significant agreement between answers. The most important positive outcomes were an increase in job opportunities, sale of local products, improvement in the quality of the services and village's streets and reconstruction of the old houses and reconstruction. The negative consequences are increasing of land and house price, Conversion agricultural gardens to home gardens , increasing of the non-Native ownership of rural land and housing, destroying the rural landscape and the higher construction rate. Conclusion Tourist attractions in potential regions provide an opportunity to develop rural areas, especially tourism villages, which provide people for relaxation and comfort on one hand and on the other hand have deep consequences for the towns themselves and brings opportunities as well as dangers for rural societies. Tourism and second home construction in Berse rural area is Spontaneous and it has no predetermined plan. In fact, it has negative and positive consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
641 - Assessment of Tourism Sustainability and Determining an Optimal Strategy of Tourism Development in Bandar-e-Anzali
hassan esmaeilzadeh yaghoub esmaeilzadehTourism has always been important throughout history, but what has given a certain dimension to this activity is the potential of this activity in the field of employment and sustainable economy. That tourism has advantages and great potentials, it has the disadvantages MoreTourism has always been important throughout history, but what has given a certain dimension to this activity is the potential of this activity in the field of employment and sustainable economy. That tourism has advantages and great potentials, it has the disadvantages as well, such as precariousness of moral principles and destruction of natural habitats. Bandar-e-Anzali as one of the cities in north part of the country, has numerous tourist attractions, and is the destination of a great tourists every year. This results in many positive and negative aspects in this city. The main objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics and potentials of tourism in Bandar-e-Anzali. The method is developmental and descriptive-analytic. The data have been collected by library and field methods. Data analysis was performed by means of stability barometer, and in designing the questionnaire, the Likert scale has been used. The population consists of Bandar-e-Anzali tourists that comprise 384 participants according to Cochran formula. The results of the research show the average capacity of Bandar-e-Anzali's tourism with the score of 65.04, which the most effective components affecting tourism are environmental and structural components with the score of 65.04. Finally by using SWOT model, for tourism development of Bandar-e-Anzali, suggestions like potential advertising of Bandar-e-Anzali were presented in order to attract foreign tourists, collaboration with residents to preserve the natural and man-made attractions, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
642 - Determinants of Opportunity Recognition in the Pattern of Agricultural Tech Startups in Northern Provinces of Iran
Mohammad Okhli Hossein Didehkhani Mohammad Sharif Sharifzadeh Seyed Mohammad Reza Hosseini -
Open Access Article
643 - Understanding Livelihood Status of Fishing Communities to the Impact of Climate Change in The Coastal Areas of Bangladesh
Shahali Mitul Fakir Huda Md. Asaduzzaman -
Open Access Article
644 - Ethnic Communities Own Agrobiodiversity Richness (A Case of Triyuga Municipality of Udayapur District In "epal)
Pawan Singh Bhandari -
Open Access Article
645 - The Moderator Effect of Community Size on Suffering from Social Problems among Rural Youth in Egypt
Mokhtar Abd-Ella Huda El-Lethee Mohammed Ebad-Allah -
Open Access Article
646 - Employment Limitations and Constraints for Iranian University Graduates in Agricultural Majors
Reza Movahedi Mahdi Mantashloo -
Open Access Article
647 - Sociological Investigation of limitations of Ethnic Diversity Affecting the Sense of Belonging to the National Community (A Case Study of Ahwaz Metropolis)
Bahram Sarvestan Ahmad Azin sayed naser HejaziThe aim of this study was to investigate the sociological limitations of ethnic diversity affecting the sense of belonging to the national community. The data of this study were collected by a survey method from a sample of 500 participants selected by stratified random MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the sociological limitations of ethnic diversity affecting the sense of belonging to the national community. The data of this study were collected by a survey method from a sample of 500 participants selected by stratified random sampling method from the population of 331556 people who were households living in Ahwaz metropolis. The research tool used to collect data was a structured researcher-made questionnaire the face validity which were confirmed by the most respected professors in the field of sociology. The construct validity of the test was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability was established through Cronbach’s alpha in an introductory study (α=0.75). Data were analyzed by using SPSS and AMOS software and by analysis of structural equals model in descriptive and inferential levels. Findings of this study show that the variables of relative sense of deprivation with a coefficient of -%48 and significant level of .000, social distrust with a coefficient of -%21, and significance level of 0.00, racist with a coefficient of %13 and significance level of 0.002 were confirmed and these variables had the most effect on the sense of belonging to the community successively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
648 - Sociological analysis of lawyer's defense immunity in Iranian law
Abdul Ali Kodabakhshi karim salehi Mahdi DehshiriDefense immunity of lawyers as one of the most important pillars of the Iranian judicial structure includes guarantees related to defense in the constitution. The institution of advocacy also plays a role as one of the fundamental rays of normal proceedings in the judic MoreDefense immunity of lawyers as one of the most important pillars of the Iranian judicial structure includes guarantees related to defense in the constitution. The institution of advocacy also plays a role as one of the fundamental rays of normal proceedings in the judiciary. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis of the defense immunity of a lawyer in Iranian criminal law by descriptive documentary method. For theoretical literature, the views of Parsons, the Legislature, Durkheim's oversight, Habermas Civil Society, Marshall Civil Law, Bourdieu Institutional Trust, Kant & Rawls Justice, Popper, Berlin, and Sartre have been used. Documentary findings from the analysis of existing texts have shown that the defense immunity of lawyers in two main areas of sociology and law has been examined. In the sociological field, the findings show that the categories of rule of law, oversight, public sphere, civil society and institutional trust with social and theoretical mechanisms have led to the defense immunity of lawyers and government institutions using the separation of powers and creating free space in the development of individual freedoms And civil can create grounds for increasing legal powers to enhance the defense immunity of lawyers. In the legal sector, the lawyer is in a position to defend the respect and security of judicial employees, and in this way, with the strategies of the principle of dignity, protection of rights, realization of rights along with increasing oversight and guaranteeing judicial authority, defense immunity is achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
649 - روابط قیمتی و اثرات سرریز نوسانات قیمت در بازار برنج ایران
محمد کاوسی کلاشمی محسن کاوسی کلاشمیبرنج اهمیت ویژهای در سبد غذایی خانوار ایرانی دارد. نوسانات قیمت این محصول طی سالهای اخیر موجب نارضایتی مصرفکنندگان شده است. این تحقیق با استفاده از الگوی خود توضیح واریانس ناهمسان شرطی تعمیم یافته (GARCH) و دادههای دوره زمانی ماهیانه 1392-1378، به بررسی اثرات سرریز Moreبرنج اهمیت ویژهای در سبد غذایی خانوار ایرانی دارد. نوسانات قیمت این محصول طی سالهای اخیر موجب نارضایتی مصرفکنندگان شده است. این تحقیق با استفاده از الگوی خود توضیح واریانس ناهمسان شرطی تعمیم یافته (GARCH) و دادههای دوره زمانی ماهیانه 1392-1378، به بررسی اثرات سرریز قیمت برنج صدری ممتاز (در دو سطح خرده فروشی و عمده فروشی) در بازار استان گیلان می پردازد. براساس نتایج حاصل از آزمونهای ریشه واحد میتوان ادعا کرد که سری زمانی ماهیانه قیمت عمده فروشی برنج صدری ممتاز و سری زمانی ماهیانه قیمت خرده فروشی برنج صدری ممتاز، دارای ریشه واحد در فراوانی صفر بوده یا (I(1 میباشند. با توجه به مقادیر آماره محاسباتی اثر و حداکثر ریشه مشخصه وجود رابطه بلندمدت بین دو سری زمانی ماهیانه مورد بررسی تأیید میشود. ضرایب حاصل از نرمال سازی بردار همگرایی نشان داد که با افزایش (کاهش) یک درصدی قیمت خردهفروشی، انتظار میرود قیمت عمدهفروشی 0.99 درصد افزایش (کاهش) یابد. نتایج حاصل از برآورد الگوی GARCH نشان داد که سرریز نوسانات از قیمت خردهفروشی به عمدهفروشی و بالعکس وجود دارد. همچنین، نوسانات قیمت محصول برنج در سطح خردهفروشی و عمدهفروشی اثر مثبت و معنیدار آماری بر نوسانات خود دارند. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش طراحی بستههای سیاستهای مناسب در طرف عرضه و تقاضا توصیه میشود Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
650 - تاثیر عوامل بازاریابی درونگرا برعملکرد بازاریابی (موردکاوی: صنعت رستوران درشهرستان رشت با تأکید بررستوران های بنانهاده شده برنامه های گیلکی)
مهدی محمدی کوچصفهانی محمد جلیلی محمود نوراییهدف این پژوهش تاثیر عوامل بازاریابی درونگرا بر عملکرد بازاریابی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را کلیة مشتریان شش رستوران بناشده با نام های گیلکی فعال در فضای مجازی شهر رشت تشکیل دادند. بر این اساس با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری دردسترس، نمونهای به حجم 400 نفر انتخاب شدند. مقیا Moreهدف این پژوهش تاثیر عوامل بازاریابی درونگرا بر عملکرد بازاریابی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را کلیة مشتریان شش رستوران بناشده با نام های گیلکی فعال در فضای مجازی شهر رشت تشکیل دادند. بر این اساس با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری دردسترس، نمونهای به حجم 400 نفر انتخاب شدند. مقیاسهای استاندارد پژوهش مدیریت قابلیتمشاهده، گوشدادن فعال، ساخت انجمن، قصد تبلیغ دهانبهدهان و قصد خرید بودند. تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری با نرم افزارAmos نسخه 24 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ضرایب تعیین متغیرهای وابستة پژوهش نشان میدهد که گوشدادن فعال، ساخت انجمن، مدیریت قابلیتمشاهده و قصد تبلیغ دهانبهدهان توانستهاند 49 درصد از واریانس قصد خرید مشتریان را پیشبینی کنند. همچنین گوشدادن فعال، ساخت انجمن، مدیریت قابلیتمشاهده توانستهاند 28 درصد از واریانس قصد تبلیغ دهانبهدهان مشتریان را پیش­بینی کنند. بنابراین میتوان نتیجه گرفت که حضور فعال رستورانها در بستر آنلاین ارتباط مستقیمی با قصد تبلیغ دهانبهدهان و قصد خرید مشتریان دارد وتوجه به ابزارهای بازاریابی درونگرا نقش بسزایی در موفقیت کسب وکار آنها دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
651 - تأثیر ابعاد تغییر اقلیم برتشخیص فرصتهای کارآفرینی در بخش کشاورزی
مژگان خوش مرام نعمت اله شیری مسلم سواریتغییر اقلیم یکی از مهم­ترین چالش­های قرن جاری به شمار می­رود که بخش کشاورزی را بیش از سایر بخش­ها تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد، اما کشاورزِ کارآفرین تغییرات و چالش­های محیطی را همچون یک فرصت می­بیند. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی اثرات ابعا Moreتغییر اقلیم یکی از مهم­ترین چالش­های قرن جاری به شمار می­رود که بخش کشاورزی را بیش از سایر بخش­ها تحت تأثیر قرار می­دهد، اما کشاورزِ کارآفرین تغییرات و چالش­های محیطی را همچون یک فرصت می­بیند. در این راستا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی اثرات ابعاد تغییر اقلیم بر تشخیص فرصت­های کارآفرینی در بخش کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل کلیۀ کارآفرینان بخش کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه بود که به روش تصادفی ساده تعداد 102 نفر از آن برای انجام پژوهش انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده­ها، پرسشنامۀ محقق ساخته­ای بود که روایی و پایایی آن با استفاده از پانل متخصصان و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و کودر- ریچاردسون به تأیید رسید. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که کارآفرینان مورد مطالعه، فرصت­های کارآفرینی موجود در بخش کشاورزی را به درستی و موفقیت­آمیز شناسایی نموده­اند؛ چرا که در سطح بالایی امکان­پذیری، تناسب و مطلوبیت آن را مورد بررسی قرار داده­ بودند. افزون بر این، یافته­های پژوهش بیانگر آن بود که بیش از نیمی از پاسخگویان، تغییرات اقلیم را در سطح بالایی درک کرده و در راه­اندازی کسب و کارهای خود لحاظ نموده بودند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون حاکی از آن بود که ابعاد تغییرات اقلیم (خشکسالی، گردوغبار، افزایش دما) قادر به تبیین 41 درصد از تغییرات واریانس تشخیص فرصت­های کارآفرینی در بخش کشاورزی استان کرمانشاه بودند. یافته­های این پژوهش می­تواند به سیاستگذاران، برنامه­ریزان و مدیران در جهت ارتقای قابلیت تشخیص فرصت در میان کشاورزان به منظور تبدیل تهدیدهای محیطی به فرصت­های کارآفرینی کمک کند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
652 - طراحی مدل شایستگیهای حرفهای مدیران واحدهای تولید محصولات گلخانه ای خراسان جنوبی در ایران
محمد معتمدی کوروش روستا اسدالله زمانی پور ملیحه فلکیپژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدل شایستگی­های حرفه­ای مدیران واحدهای تولید محصولات گلخانه­ای خراسان جنوبی در ایران انجام شده است. روش تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر گردآوری داده­ها توصیفی – همبستگی است و به روش پیمایش انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق Moreپژوهش حاضر با هدف طراحی مدل شایستگی­های حرفه­ای مدیران واحدهای تولید محصولات گلخانه­ای خراسان جنوبی در ایران انجام شده است. روش تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از نظر گردآوری داده­ها توصیفی – همبستگی است و به روش پیمایش انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق 117 نفر از مدیران واحدهای تولید محصولات گلخانه­ای بوده که بدلیل محدود بودن جامعه بصورت سرشماری مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. ابزار گردآوری داده­ها در این پژوهش، پرسشنامه بود و برای تحلیل داده­ها از نرم­افزار SPSS و Smart PLS استفاده شده است. برای همه شایستگی­ها آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی بیشتر از 7/0 بدست آمد. تحلیل معادلات ساختاری با حداقل مربعات جزئی pls دلالت بر تایید همه فرضیه­ها دارد. در نهایت مدل شایستگی­های حرفه ­ی با هفت شایستگی شامل شایستگی مدیریت، فردی، محیط کسب و کار، اعتقادی- اخلاقی، فنی و تخصصی، آکادمیک و عمومی شناسایی شده است که از دید مدیران بیشترین اهمیت مربوط به شایستگی­های مدیریتی و فردی بوده است. از این رو پیشنهاد می­شود مدیران برای تصمیم­گیری صحیح در برخورد با مسائل جدید و متغیر، می­بایست دائماً مهارت­ها و معلومات خود را در زمینه مدیریت اصلاح و بهروزرسانی کنند تا بتوانند به اهداف غایی تولید دست یابند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
653 - فرصت های کسب و کار برای مناطق روستایی استان ایلام
همایون مرادنژادی مرجان واحدیاین پژوهش با هدف شناسایی فرصتهای کسب و کارهای خانگی برای مناطق روستایی استان ایلام به انجام رسیده است. روش شناسی پژوهش، جزو روشهای ترکیبی کیفی و کمی است. روش پژوهش در مرحله اول، کیفی و با استفاده از مصاحبه های نیمه ساختارمند و بحث گروهی متمرکز و مرحله دوم، کمی و به رو Moreاین پژوهش با هدف شناسایی فرصتهای کسب و کارهای خانگی برای مناطق روستایی استان ایلام به انجام رسیده است. روش شناسی پژوهش، جزو روشهای ترکیبی کیفی و کمی است. روش پژوهش در مرحله اول، کیفی و با استفاده از مصاحبه های نیمه ساختارمند و بحث گروهی متمرکز و مرحله دوم، کمی و به روش توصیفی–پیمایشی انجام شده است. در این پژوهش شرکت کنندگان به صورت هدفمند از میان دهیاران، کارشناسان دفتر هماهنگی امور اقتصادی استانداری، کارشناسان سازمان جهاد کشاورزی، کارشناسان اداره کل میراث فرهنگی و کارشناسان سازمان صنعت، معدن و تجارت انتخاب شدند. گردآوری داده ها با مشارکت تعداد 72 نفر در قالب 9 جلسه شش تا 11 نفره به صورت متمرکز و به روش FGD ( Focus Group Discussion) به انجام رسید. تحلیل داده ها در روش کیفی از راهبرد مقایسه مداوم و همزمان Corbin و Strauss و در سه مرحله کدگذاری و در مرحله کمی از نرم افزار spss استفاده شد. در پایان، کسب و کارهای خانگی دارای اولویت در زیربخش های کشاورزی، صنایع تبدیلی و صنایع دستی برای هر کدام از شهرستان های استان ایلام، معرفی شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
654 - بررسی رفتار فصلی و پیش بینی قیمت ماهانه گوشت مرغ در ایران
آزاده فلسفیان هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی رفتار فصلی قیمت گوشت مرغ در ایران و پیش بینی مقادیر آتی می باشد. بدین منظور، از روش­های خودرگرسیونی دوره­ایی (PAR)، مدلهای جمعی فصلی و باکس-جنکینز فصلی (SARIMA) بهره گرفته شد. نتایج کار نشان داد رفتا More هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی رفتار فصلی قیمت گوشت مرغ در ایران و پیش بینی مقادیر آتی می باشد. بدین منظور، از روش­های خودرگرسیونی دوره­ایی (PAR)، مدلهای جمعی فصلی و باکس-جنکینز فصلی (SARIMA) بهره گرفته شد. نتایج کار نشان داد رفتار فصلی قیمت گوشت مرغ از یک الگو دوره­ایی تبعیت نمی­نماید، لذا مدل PAR(q)، مدل مناسبی جهت الگوسازی رفتار فصلی قیمت گوشت مرغ در ایران نمی­باشد. نتایج آزمون ریشه واحد فصلی موید آن است که قیمت­های ماهانه گوشت مرغ در ایران از یک فرآیند فصلی تصادفی ناایستا پیروی نموده و مدل پایه-رگرسیونی جمعی فصلی، چارچوب مناسبی برای پیش بینی مقادیر آتی آن فراهم می­نماید. یافته مطالعه بیانگر این مطالب است اگرچه مدل SARIMA کاندیدی مناسبی برای این الگوسازی است ولی نتایج معیار RMSE از خطاهای پیش بینی در افق های زمانی متفاوت حکایت از مناسب بودن مدل پایه-رگرسیونی دارد، لذا پارامترهای برآورد شده این مدل می تواند برای پیش بینی مقادیر آتی قیمت ماهانه گوشت مرغ در ایران بکار گرفته شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
655 - Investigations about lithology, geochemical composition and alteration of gold deposits in Kooh-e Zar Damghan and the process of gold mineralization in this area
Hamid Aghajani Mehrdad Soleimani Behnam Babaei -
Open Access Article
656 - The Relationship between Psychological empowerment and Organizational Entrepreneurship by Examining the Intermediate Role of Identifying Entrepreneurial Opportunities
mahboubeh soleimanpour omran behrang esmaeili shad fatemeh Mortazavi KiasariThe purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of identifying entrepreneurial opportunities. The research is an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between psychological empowerment and organizational entrepreneurship with the mediating role of identifying entrepreneurial opportunities. The research is an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive and correlational type. The statistical population consisted all employees of the general directorate of cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare of North Khorasan province with 150 people. Using Cochran formula, 108 people were selected randomly. Two types of library and field studies have been used to collect information. The research tool was Spritzer's psychological empowerment questionnaire (1995), Moghimi Organizational Entrepreneurship questionnaire (2011) and Poohaka's entrepreneurial opportunities identification questionnaire (2006). The validity of the tool was of a form and content that was approved by professors and experts. Reliability of cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.75, 0.81 and 0.82, respectively. Structural equation method was used for statistical analysis using Lisrel version 8 software. Statistical findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the psychological empowerment of employees and organizational entrepreneurship with the role of mediator identifying entrepreneurial opportunities. Organizational entrepreneurship development requires identification of effective strategies that can provide the necessary conditions for it to be realized. Based on the findings of this study, organizational entrepreneurship can be improved with the psychological capabilities of employees and the ability to identify entrepreneurial opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
657 - Performance enhancement for crystallization unit of a sugar plant using genetic algorithm technique
P C Tewari Rajiv Khanduja Mahesh Gupta -
Open Access Article
658 - Cooperative aggregate production planning: a game theory approach
Ashkan Hafezalkotob Samaneh Chaharbaghi Tahmineh Moradi Lakeh -
Open Access Article
659 - Roadmap for Lean implementation in Indian automotive component manufacturing industry: comparative study of UNIDO Model and ISM Model
J. R . Jadhav S. B. Rane S. S. Mantha -
Open Access Article
660 - Ideal and anti-ideal decision making units: A fuzzy DEA approach
A Hatami-Marbini Saber Saati A Makui -
Open Access Article
661 - Technical Note: An opportunity cost maintenance scheduling framework for a fleet of ships: A case study
O.E Charles-Owaba A.E Oluleye F.A Oyawale S.K Oke -
Open Access Article
662 - A new approach to determine efficient DMUs in DEA models using inverse optimization
GH.R Amin -
Open Access Article
663 - The impact of brand communities based on social media on community elements and brand trust and loyalty (case study: Adidas brand)
Ali Asghar Rashid Siavash Khodaparast Vahid BakhshalipourObjective: The development of social media is a global phenomenon in the current generation, as consumers engage in social media platforms and develop relationships with brands. Therefore, social media applications consider new marketing concepts as vital for thematic d MoreObjective: The development of social media is a global phenomenon in the current generation, as consumers engage in social media platforms and develop relationships with brands. Therefore, social media applications consider new marketing concepts as vital for thematic development. For this reason, this research was conducted with the aim of the impact of brand communities based on social media on the elements of society and trust and loyalty to the Adidas brand.Methodology: The statistical population of this research was 400 people of Instagram social network and the questionnaire of brand communities based on social media was used (Larouch et al., 2012) and Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis were used to analyze the data using SPSS and LISRELL was done.Results: Based on the results, social communication network practices on brand trust (14/46), social interaction methods on brand trust (14/86), perception management on brand trust (15/68), brand usage has a positive effect on trust in brand (15.39) and brand trust and brand loyalty (13.43) were obtained, which shows that there is a statistically significant relationship between the research variables (p˂0.001).Conclusion: The results of the research indicated that social media marketing activities both directly and indirectly affect brand loyalty and trust. The effect of brand communities based on social media on the elements of brand community and brand loyalty through brand trust was shown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
664 - The feasibility study of implementation of “5s” system in the repository and reference division of the National Library of Iran
shokouh tafreshi Zainabe SafaviPurpose: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of applying “5s “system in resources and reference unit of information division of National library of Iran. Methodology: In this research data are Collected through measuring. MorePurpose: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of applying “5s “system in resources and reference unit of information division of National library of Iran. Methodology: In this research data are Collected through measuring. The society of this research is resources and reference unit of information division of National library of Iran. Data collected through 5 checklist that were designed and customize with 5s system standard checklist. Collected data from each s analyzed by k2 test and median test. Findings: Evaluation shows that 14.9 % of total cases doesn't observe the 5s system. 12.04 % is in poor level, 13.8% is in significant level, 20.8 % is in well level and 38.3 % is in complete level of observing 5s system. Conclusion: resources and reference unit of information division of National library of Iran are in a relatively good situations regarding to applying 5s system. There is possibility of applying 5s system in level below (the error) 0/05 as error in information division of National library of Iran and the hypothesis of this research confirms. Also managers should pay more attention to S5 and learning conceptions of that among employees of resources and reference unit of information division of National library of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
665 - A Survey of Fars Islamic Azad University Faculty members use and Familiarity with technical databases of the related fields study
mojtaba Asadi Anjileh abdalhamid moaref zadeh noorallah karamiThis research aim is surveying and analysis of familiarity and use of faculty members of Azad Islamic university of Fars province with database in related field. Research method is descriptive and means of data gathering is questionnaire. Analysis of data is made by des MoreThis research aim is surveying and analysis of familiarity and use of faculty members of Azad Islamic university of Fars province with database in related field. Research method is descriptive and means of data gathering is questionnaire. Analysis of data is made by descriptive and with help of SPSS. Result of this research shows that more than 80% of faculty members are familiar with the database of related field. But among familiarity of different educational group the only meaning full difference were between human science and engineering science group that shows that with increasing the average of engineering group it was recognized the engineering group is more familiar with their related database. Also among 11 factors affecting on not using of faculty members, low speed of internet with 85.8% and not having enough time.with 70.8% are among the most important factors. 76.3% of faculty staff participating in classes and workshops are familiar with their database. 52.8% declared that translation and writing of books and essays are cause of their use. 77.7% reference to their related database for full content of essays. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
666 - The Accountability Levels of Saudi Arabia towards United Nations Mechanisms (2009-2016)
Farzaneh Mostofi-far Fatemeh Hashemi Seyed Mohammad Kazem Sajadpoor -
Open Access Article
667 - The Role of the Europeans in the Midst of the US-Iran Crisis in January 2020: the Dilemma of being a Normative Power in an Amoral World
سزار کاستیا سمانه کچوئیAbstract: EU's foreign policy instruments have been mainly designed with a normative approach to contribute to stability and peace in a changing political landscape. However, EU foreign policy faces different challenges that constantly test its ability related to confli MoreAbstract: EU's foreign policy instruments have been mainly designed with a normative approach to contribute to stability and peace in a changing political landscape. However, EU foreign policy faces different challenges that constantly test its ability related to conflict resolution, international understanding, and the defence of its Interests, such as the crisis between the US and Iran in January 2020. This research will answer the following question: What were the failures of the EU's foreign policy in the middle of the crisis between the US and Iran in January 2020? This paper aims to determine the shortcoming of the EU foreign policy affecting its role as a Global Power during the US-Iran crisis in January 2020. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
668 - Third Millennium US Military Strategies in the Persian Gulf Region and National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Ali Asghar Ghafari Charati Hassan Khodaverdi گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی -
Open Access Article
669 - Geopolitical Changes and Crises in The Caucasus
Parvin Dadandish Mohmood VaeziThe Caucasus has seen numerous crises since the region gained independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Some of these crises have not been resolved yet as evidenced by recent Russia-Georgia conflict. This paper seeks to analyze such crises within the fram MoreThe Caucasus has seen numerous crises since the region gained independence following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Some of these crises have not been resolved yet as evidenced by recent Russia-Georgia conflict. This paper seeks to analyze such crises within the framework of significant geopolitical changes unfolded by the collapse of the Soviet Union. The author argues that in the post-Soviet era, the Russians lost much of their control over the region due to their own domestic problems, but it seems that Moscow is not interested in withdrawing further from the region. The author concludes that under current conditions, it seems that as long as all regional and trans-regional powers fail to consider the interests of other powers or try to pose threats to them, the crises will continue to unfold in the Caucasus, while there is no agreed dispute settlement mechanism in the region as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
670 - Recent Developments in Geopolitics of Energy and their Effects on the Political and Economic Future of the Middle East Countries
Ali Bagheri Dolatabadi Mohammad Reza Dehshiri Hassan Abediny Kashkoiyeh -
Open Access Article
671 - The Verbal Strategy of the United States in the Process of Securing Iran's Nuclear Program (2001-2021)
Morteza Alikhani Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin Mohammadreza Ghaedi -
Open Access Article
672 - Human Rights in US Foreign Policy
Jila Ahmadi Afshin Zargar -
Open Access Article
673 - Evaluation of Possibility Assessment of Russia - China Cooperation on Atlanticism (2011-2021)
Miad Sadeghi گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی Mohammadreza GhaediThe expansion of NATO to the East under the policies of Atlanticism is one of the current issues of international relations, which has a lot to think about for the countries involved in this policy, their neighbors and the international order. After the expansion of NAT MoreThe expansion of NATO to the East under the policies of Atlanticism is one of the current issues of international relations, which has a lot to think about for the countries involved in this policy, their neighbors and the international order. After the expansion of NATO to the east, what will happen in the spheres of influence of NATO and the neighboring countries of those spheres and the conditions created, causes predictions in this field; One of them is the evaluation of the feasibility of cooperation between China and Russia with their own special conditions against this action, that is, Atlanticism. After experiencing many ups and downs in China-Russia relations, these two countries have gradually expanded their comprehensive cooperation since the mid-1990s. In the meantime, the expansion of NATO to the east is one of the important political, military and security issues that has led to the expression of common concern. And at the same time, the cooperation and positions of the two countries have come closer, especially towards the policies and actions of America and even Europe. Russia's concern about the presence of NATO in its borders and China's concern about the close military cooperation of the West with Taiwan have caused the two countries to work harder for mutual cooperation and their development fields. The concept of new Atlanticism provides a framework for analyzing security and normative challenges facing Europe and the world. This work and many similar works emphasize the fact that the behavior of America and its allies in the international system has become the basis for the creation of various coalitions and alliances. From the perspective of this research and emphasizing the threat balance theory, when the hegemon country and its allies create threats, or show threatening behaviors; They will create coalitions and alliances. In this article, an attempt was made to discuss the feasibility of expanding cooperation between China and Russia against Atlanticism by using the theoretical framework of threat balance. And the topic of these cooperation was examined according to the concepts, general capabilities such as (population, economic power, military power, etc.), geographical proximity, offensive capabilities and offensive intentions from the perspective of the threat balance theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
674 - Investigating the Impact of President Joe Biden’s Government on the Relations between Saudi Arabia and Qatar, Emphasizing the Role of Iran
Khalill Janami Hamed Mohagheghnia Hossein Karimifard Hamed Ameri GolestaniThe crisis in Qatar's political relations with Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries took place on June 5, 2017, which followed the talks of the Emir of Qatar regarding the importance of Iran and interaction with it, and the severance of diplomatic relations between Qat MoreThe crisis in Qatar's political relations with Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries took place on June 5, 2017, which followed the talks of the Emir of Qatar regarding the importance of Iran and interaction with it, and the severance of diplomatic relations between Qatar and the four Arab countries led by Saudi Arabia. In the wake of this crisis, the Trump administration took a middle position and encouraging Qatar to accept Saudi’s conditions, especially regarding relations and interactions with Iran. It also undertook a wide diplomatic effort to reduce the crisis, but the differences in the positions of American officials such as Trump, Tillerson, Pompeo and other officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs brings to mind a kind of passivity and lack of determination in order to secure the strategic interests of the United States in the region. With the defeat of Trump in the 2020 presidential elections and the ascension of the Democrats to power and the change of priorities in the Persian Gulf region, especially in relation to Iran, it seems that the performance of the Biden administration regarding the crisis in the relations between Saudi Arabia and Qatar is different from that of the Trump administration. The signs of this change can be seen in the change of crisis level and reduction of tensions. This article aims to examine the diplomatic crisis between Saudi Arabia and Qatar from the perspective of the role of Iran and the view of the new administration of the United States of America and Joe Biden himself on this issue and to answer the basic question of how the variable of Iran can affect the role of the United States of America, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar have an impact on the diplomatic crisis that began between Qatar and Saudi Arabia in 2017, and what direction will the future crisis between the two countries go in the Biden administration, and what will be the impact of other influential factors in the Persian Gulf region? In this article, using the analytical-explanatory method and using library sources, it shows that the change in the approach of the Biden administration towards Iran will cause the position of Saudi Arabia to become softer towards Qatar, and accordingly, the tension between Saudi Arabia and Qatar, one of the main parts of which was Qatar's relations with Iran, to move towards the mitigation of the crisis and the resumption of relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
675 - The Strategies for Realizing the Strategy of Unilateralism in the US Foreign Policy in the Trump Era
Mohammadreza Asl Javadian Seyed Ali Tabatabaei PanahWith the formation of the new world order after the Cold War under the leadership of America, the foreign policy of this country has fluctuated between the two traditions of unilateralism and multilateralism. From this point of view, interacting with different countries MoreWith the formation of the new world order after the Cold War under the leadership of America, the foreign policy of this country has fluctuated between the two traditions of unilateralism and multilateralism. From this point of view, interacting with different countries, joining regional alliances and coalitions, interacting with international institutions and organizations as the axes of multilateralism and avoiding alliances and coalitions, pessimism towards organizations and international institutions and ignoring issues such as America's role in promoting human rights and democracy are considered as axes of unilateralism. However, the changes that have taken place in the foreign policy of the Trump era have indicated a tendency towards unilateralism and paying more attention to the national and domestic interests of the United States. Based on this, this article raises the question that which solutions influenced unilateralism as one of the strategies of the Trump administration. In other words, what are the solutions to realize the unilateralist strategy of the United States of America in the Trump era? The hypothesis of the article is: Isolationism instead of interactionism, pessimism and non-cooperation with regional and global institutions and organizations, and the pursuit of America first policy and the priority of America's national and economic interests over the costs of this country, are the solutions to realize the unilateralism strategy in the Trump era. The findings of the article show that based on the approach of realism, Trump, by withdrawing from regional and global agreements, put the government's sovereignty at the top of the globalized order, defend the American identity, emphasize national interests, cost Considering America's support for democracy and human rights and reducing America's military role in the world and military and commercial alliances, it has supported the approach of unilateralism through increasing the internal power of the United States of America. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
676 - Opportunities and Challenges Facing the Track Two Diplomacy in Iran-US Relations (With an Emphasis on Sports Diplomacy)
Soudabeh Mokhtari گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی Arsalan Ghorbani Sheikhneshin -
Open Access Article
677 - Opportunities of Virtual Social Networks for Critical Infrastructure of National Security (From the Point of View of Political and Virtual Media Experts)
Marjan Karami گارینه کشیشیان سیرکی محمد توحیدفامVirtual space and the associated social networks, like many other emerging phenomena, have both positive and negative consequences in various aspects of life. The undeniable impact of this space is particularly significant in the national security of countries, as it ca MoreVirtual space and the associated social networks, like many other emerging phenomena, have both positive and negative consequences in various aspects of life. The undeniable impact of this space is particularly significant in the national security of countries, as it can create numerous opportunities for national security along with the changes and developments it brings about. This research aims to identify the opportunities that social networks create for the infrastructure of national security. Data were collected through grounded theory and in-depth interviews with 16 experts in the fields of politics and virtual space. The data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding methods, employing the Strauss and Corbin approach. The research results indicate that virtual social networks can provide unique opportunities for national security by strengthening the infrastructures of social, political, cultural, economic, and environmental security. The research results are presented in the form of a paradigm model of opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
678 - The concept and application of resilience in a resistance economy with a human capital approach
Mohammad Javad SalehiDespite the recent popularity and frequent use of the resilience concept in the academic, research, and policy programs, there is a limited theoretical understanding of this concept. For instance, it is not clear how this concept should be operationalized and what its d MoreDespite the recent popularity and frequent use of the resilience concept in the academic, research, and policy programs, there is a limited theoretical understanding of this concept. For instance, it is not clear how this concept should be operationalized and what its determinant factors are or how they can be measured. This paper is an attempt to develop a conceptual and methodological framework for the analysis, measurement, and mapping of resilience. The paper specifically intends to archive three objectives. Firstly, it examines the general definitional issues of the concept of resilience with a focus on human capital. Secondly, it reviews the frameworks that are currently used to measure community resilience. Thirdly, it evaluates the existing methods that are used to develop resilience indices, and based on this review, a methodology on how to measure community resilience is proposed. Finally, it summarizes the limitations and recommendations for further improvement of the methodology. The major core of this article is on the Community and resilience economy emphasizing on human capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
679 - The challenges of Applying Global Jurisdiction in Dealing with Cyber Terrorism
Hasan MovassaghiUndoubtedly, one of the crimes that threatens the peace and internal security of countries and the international community in a mysterious and widespread way is the crime of terrorism, which has caused deep concern for almost all the nations and states of the world, and MoreUndoubtedly, one of the crimes that threatens the peace and internal security of countries and the international community in a mysterious and widespread way is the crime of terrorism, which has caused deep concern for almost all the nations and states of the world, and dealing with it as a Erga Omnes obligation Inclusion is demanded from all countries and because some Countries do not have the experience of threats and terrorist attacks, they have no desire and inclination to cooperate with the international community to eliminate the crime of terrorism And this seemingly simple issue has caused the continuation of terrorist attacks in the world. In this research, we will deal with the obstacles of applying the principle of universal jurisdiction in the fight against terrorism and we will provide guidelines for its acceptance and application. The research method in this article is descriptive and comparative, and the findings of the research show that the governments act completely monopolistically in the field of jurisdiction of the domestic courts, and it does not go too far to exercise global jurisdiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
680 - Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host Cities
زهرا نوبخت رمضانیImpact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host CitiesAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors on sport tourism in host cities. This research is a cross-sectional survey based on applied purpose and data collect MoreImpact of Socio-Economic Factors on Sport Tourism in Host CitiesAbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors on sport tourism in host cities. This research is a cross-sectional survey based on applied purpose and data collection method. Also, since the field method is used for data collection, this research is a survey type. The statistical population of the study consisted of sport management and marketing professors, experts from Tehran Province Cultural Heritage and Tourism Bureau, experts from Tehran Bureau of Sport and Youth Affairs, Orumieh, Semnan and business owners and hotel managers, including 151 persons. The purposive non-random sampling method was used as the statistical sample and the questionnaire was distributed among them randomly. The research questionnaire was developed by a researcher whose validity was confirmed by 10 professors and experts using Laosche's coefficient (0.62) and also by exploratory factor analysis. Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha for all factors above 0.7. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used to represent demographic information (frequency tables, dispersal and central indices) and inferential statistics were used to respond to the research hypotheses. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine normality of data distribution, KMO test to determine data adequacy, exploratory factor analysis to analyze data and identify key factors, then confirmatory factor analysis method was used to estimate significance, factor loadings and The most important indicators were used. SPSS software version 23 was used to calculate descriptive data and Smart PLS3 software was used for inferential data and confirmatory factor analysis was used to measure the relationships between variables. The results showed that social factors include cultural model, social relationships, safety and security, customs, living standards of local communities, environmental and economic factors including investment, price of goods and lands and various markets, ease of travel and infrastructure development. The most important social factor was the cultural pattern (3.55) and the least important factor was the living standards of the local communities (3.31). The most important economic factors were investment (3.50) and the least important factor was ease of travel (2.47).The result is that awareness of the economic and social impacts is one of the factors that reduce the unwanted disruption to the life of the host community and maximize the positive economic and social impacts on sport tourism and also create a greater incentive for volunteer communities to earn a host score. income have more impact on the host city. Medium and under development and infrastructure factors had less impact than average. In general, sport tourism has both an economic and a societal impact on the host community. The cultural model was the least important one.Keywords: Sport tourism, social impacts, economic impacts, host community Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
681 - Investigating the Impact of Innovation Strategy Management on Performance: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition
Hojat shamsi Hamid Kakaee mehdi fotouhi mohammad khezriThe present study aims to investigate the impact of innovation strategy management on performance with the mediating role of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. In terms of the purpose of applied research, it is a descriptive survey in terms of the nature of the re MoreThe present study aims to investigate the impact of innovation strategy management on performance with the mediating role of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. In terms of the purpose of applied research, it is a descriptive survey in terms of the nature of the research and quantitative in terms of the type of data. The statistical population of the study includes the 220 managers of knowledge-based companies located in the Science and Technology Park of the University of Tehran, that using stratified random sampling method and Cochran's formula, 140 people were selected as a statistical sample. Data were collected using standard questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that the management of innovation strategy has a positive and significant effect on the performance and recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities of knowledge-based companies. Entrepreneurial opportunity recognition also affects the performance of companies. Another result suggests that entrepreneurial opportunity recognition can mediate the relationship between innovation strategy management and the performance of knowledge-based companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
682 - Identify the opportunities and challenges of blockchain technology in industrial business economics
mohammad ali hassani ashraf shahmansoury ghasemali BazaeeToday, the blockchain, Due to its emphasis on security and trust, the demand for blockchain applications in various business sectors has increased. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the economic opportunities and challenges of businesses based on block MoreToday, the blockchain, Due to its emphasis on security and trust, the demand for blockchain applications in various business sectors has increased. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the economic opportunities and challenges of businesses based on blockchain technology. In this research, the mixed method (qualitative / quantitative) was used. Phenomenology was used in the qualitative part and structural equations were used in the quantitative part. Qualitative participants Twelve technology experts were purposefully selected for in-depth interviews. Data analysis using open and centralized coding. In the quantitative section, 232 IT specialists were selected by simple random sampling. Their opinions were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by variance-based structural equations. The results show that the emphasis of experts on the economic opportunities of businesses includes: digital transformation (transparency, reduction of errors and fraud, elimination of intermediaries and non-elimination and manipulation of data), innovation (startups, smart tracking and business flexibility) And competitive advantage (participation in decision making, building trust and decentralization). Emerging, acceleration, conflict of interest, GDRP privacy, interoperability, extensive changes, disregard for rules and regulations are also the most important challenges of this technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
683 - تاثیر مصونیت معلمین آیلتس بر تدریس لغت به سبک شخصی سازی
فاطمه محمد جعفری Alireza Ameri Parviz Behrouziاین مقاله یک قوم نگاری مقایسه ای را توصیف می کند که چگونگی تأثیر مصونیت معلمان بر آموزش واژگان به سبک شخصی سازی در دوره های آمادگی آیلتس را بررسی می کند. ایده این مقاله زمانی مطرح شد که مفهوم اساسی CLT که به یک رویکرد اساسی آیلتس تبدیل شده است ، برای برخی از معلمان خارج Moreاین مقاله یک قوم نگاری مقایسه ای را توصیف می کند که چگونگی تأثیر مصونیت معلمان بر آموزش واژگان به سبک شخصی سازی در دوره های آمادگی آیلتس را بررسی می کند. ایده این مقاله زمانی مطرح شد که مفهوم اساسی CLT که به یک رویکرد اساسی آیلتس تبدیل شده است ، برای برخی از معلمان خارج از هدف شده. بنابراین ، این مطالعه شروع به پر کردن خلائی برای توصیف و مقایسه سطح شخصی سازی آموزش واژگان آیلتس در پنج معلم از دو موسسه کرد. براساس مفاهیم اصلی ، این مطالعه چارچوبی را برای تجزیه و تحلیل و طبقه بندی آموزش واژگان شخصی آیلتس ارائه داد. این طرح همچنین با استفاده از مدل سازی کیفی Retrodictive طراحی شده است که از طریق آن محققان از مصاحبه های نیمه ساختاریافته و مباحث غیررسمی برای کاوش در الگوهای معلمان استفاده می کنند ، سپس آنها برای دلایل از مشاهدات کلاس بهره مند می شوند. نتایج به دست آمده از تجزیه و تحلیل نشان داد که آن دسته از معلمان با نوع مصونیت تطبیقی دارای بالاترین آموزش شخصی سازی در سطح مبتنی بر شناخت هستند و معلمی که نوع مصونیت ناسازگار داشت بالاترین عملکرد را در سطح شخصی سازی تقسیم شده داشت که باعث شد دانش آموزان آنها عملکرد تقریبی در تفکر انتقادی داشته باشند. همچنین ، معلمان با نوع مصونیت تولیدی عملکرد قابل توجهی در شخصی سازی Whole-Person داشتند که دانش آموزان آنها در استفاده از کلمات و عبارات انتقادی در آیلتس مهارت داشتند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
684 - رابطه خودکارآمدی و هوش هیجانی با ایمنی معلمان: مورد موسسات زبان و مدارس دولتی ایران
Mehrnoosh Haji Jalili Mehrdad Sepehri Sajad Shafieeدر دهه گذشته موضوع مصونیت معلمان و ارتباط آن با سایر عوامل تأثیرگذارمورد توجه برخی از مربیان و پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین رابطه بین هوش هیجانی و خودکارآمدی با ایمنی معلمان مراکز آموزش زبان ایران و مدارس دولتی انجام شد. برای دستیابی به این هدف، 100 Moreدر دهه گذشته موضوع مصونیت معلمان و ارتباط آن با سایر عوامل تأثیرگذارمورد توجه برخی از مربیان و پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین رابطه بین هوش هیجانی و خودکارآمدی با ایمنی معلمان مراکز آموزش زبان ایران و مدارس دولتی انجام شد. برای دستیابی به این هدف، 100 نفر از معلمان زبان انگلیسی که در مدارس دولتی (50 نفر) و موسسات آموزش زبان (50 نفر) دراصفهان تدریس میکنند، به روش نمونهگیری در دسترس برای شرکت در پژوهش حاضر انتخاب شدند. سه پرسشنامه خودکارآمدی، هوش هیجانی و ایمنی معلمان به آنها داده شد و نمرات به دست آمده مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. نتایج بدست آمده نشان داد که در موسسات زبان، خودکارآمدی و هوش هیجانی نمیتواند مصونیت معلمان را پیشبینی کند. اما بین نمرات معلمان از سه پرسشنامه رابطه معناداری وجود داشت. این یافتهها میتواند پیامدهایی برای تصمیم گیرندگان در وزارت آموزش و پرورش جهت فراهم کردن تسهیلات مورد نیاز برای بهبود مصونیت معلمان داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
685 - Social functions of the Khaksari method in the Safavid and Qajar periods
zahra ebrahimiThe khaksariyeh method, which gained strength in Iran from the Safavid period onwards, was the source of many social developments in this period and after that, and interacted with various institutions of the society. The members of this Shiite method contribute to the MoreThe khaksariyeh method, which gained strength in Iran from the Safavid period onwards, was the source of many social developments in this period and after that, and interacted with various institutions of the society. The members of this Shiite method contribute to the promotion of Shiite culture by chanting and chanting prayers, and oppose the Shiite movements (such as Babbitt). While promoting tolerance and non-violence ethics among the people, they strengthened the relationship between Iranian nations and preserved and transmitted their important cultural heritages with tools such as poetry, calligraphy, music, painting, and veil reading.By writing practical and mystical treatises (such as fatutnamehs), in addition to literary activity, they tried to institutionalize mystical ethics among guilds and professionals and present Sufism in their form.Khaksariyyah consider themselves Twelver Shia. In their texts, they mention Shiite imams with respect and appeal to them. Therefore, he should be considered among the strengtheners of the tradition of invocation, a tradition that has often been objected to by Shia opponents.Key words: Khaksariyyah, Safavid Sufism, Qajar Sufism, Asnaf, Ahl Fatut Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
686 - Analysis of the concept of wine in the poems of Sadr al-Motealehin Shirazi
saeed mohammadi kishSadr al-Din Muhammad bin Ebrahim Qavam Shirazi or Molasadra, is a divine sage and philosopher, mystic and poet of the 11th century AH and the founder of transcendental wisdom. In his Masnavi, he has expressed some mystical, philosophical and ruling opinions. The aim of MoreSadr al-Din Muhammad bin Ebrahim Qavam Shirazi or Molasadra, is a divine sage and philosopher, mystic and poet of the 11th century AH and the founder of transcendental wisdom. In his Masnavi, he has expressed some mystical, philosophical and ruling opinions. The aim of the current research is to investigate the attitude of the poet in expressing the term May with various interpretations, which is done in a descriptive-analytical way. From the findings of this research, we can refer to the concepts of May in this Masnavi. Mulla Sadra calls for the flame whose fire is like a burning flame and can erase the mystic's ego in the stage of annihilation in God. According to Mulla Sadra, the perfect mystic is in the fire of love, freed from the ego and intoxicated to observe the mysteries. is achieved When he is not drunk, he does not consider the possibility of an independent and separate existence. It is because the heart is the eternal place of his spiritual light, just as the dark house of the heart has been transformed into a glade of meanings due to the light of that wind. The wine that Sadrul Matalhin wants is the wine of knowledge of the negation of existence and lack of validity, and by drinking it, the mystic realizes the knowledge of absolute existence, which is indeed the secret of unity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
687 - Abdelkader El Djezairi: The Brave Mystic and the Founder of Resistance Poetry of Algeria
Nazanin Farzad Abdolhosein FarzadFrom the first centuries of Islam, many great Sufis have been involved in protecting the borders of Islamic territories to stand against the enemy attack. During the Timurid and Safavid periods, Sufis, as one of the most important forces against social injustice, abando MoreFrom the first centuries of Islam, many great Sufis have been involved in protecting the borders of Islamic territories to stand against the enemy attack. During the Timurid and Safavid periods, Sufis, as one of the most important forces against social injustice, abandoned seclusion and were directly involved in political affairs. In recent centuries, when European colonialists invaded and occupied Islamic countries, especially North Africa, many leaders of the resistance movements were piouses and Sufi masters. Algeria was under the brutal rule of the French for nearly a century and a half (1830-1962). Among warriors in Algeria, it must be pointed to Abd-el-Kader El Djezairi who was a prominent poet, mystic, warrior and outstanding politician that even his enemies admired his chivalry. In the present article, the thoughts of Abd-el-Kader Djezairi as the first resistance poet-mystic of Algeria in 19th and early 20th centuries are studied. One of the important parts of Abd-el-Kader's mysticism is uprising against cruelty and injustice. In other word, the mysticism of Amir Abd-el-Kader El Djezairi is a bravery and revolutionary mysticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
688 - The Stages of Suluk from the Perspectives of Attar and Shabestari; Based on Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr and Gulshan-i Raz
Mālek Shoāee Seid Mohammadreza Hosseininiā Mehri Pākzād Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr (The Conference of the Birds) and Gulshan-i Raz (Rose Garden of Secrets), written about a century apart, are based on suluk (mystical journey). The authors of these two books consider mystical path (tariqat) as a difficult path; Farid ud-Din Attar More Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr (The Conference of the Birds) and Gulshan-i Raz (Rose Garden of Secrets), written about a century apart, are based on suluk (mystical journey). The authors of these two books consider mystical path (tariqat) as a difficult path; Farid ud-Din Attar in Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr calls it "valley" and Mahmud Shabestari in Gulshan-i Raz speaks about "obstacles". Gulshan-i Raz speaks about four obstacles to suluk and, in Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr, Attar believes in seven valleys: request, love, knowledge, detachment, Unity, wonderment and finally poverty and annihilation. If the stages of suluk put forth by these two mystics are analyzed based on seven valleys in Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr and forty stages of suluk (as mentioned by the Muslim mystics), it becomes clear that Shabestari puts forth "repentance" and not " request" as the first stage of suluk. In contrast to Attar, Shabestari proposes concepts for stages of "love" and "Unity (tohid)" which are accompanied by shaṭḥiyyāt and tamat (ecstatic sayings), but Attar considers wonderment as necessary for Unity. The fourth valley in Attar’s suluk, “detachment”, like the stages of love (mohabbat), patience (sabr), exertion (jahd), worship (ibadat), and obedience to God (taslim), is not present in Shabestari’s poetry. Similarly, the stages of piety (vara), sincerity (ikhlas), and saintship (vilayat) are present in Shabestari’s poetry while they are nowhere to be seen in Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr. The two poets cite 27 common stages and both of them do not mention a number of stages. In this descriptive-analytical study, seven valleys of Attar and the forty stages of suluk, as basis of the research, are evaluated in Manṭiq uṭ-Ṭayr and Gulshan-i Raz, and common and controversial concepts and terms are outlined in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
689 - Light and Darkness in the Poems of Adunis; A Mystical Approach
Sabikeh Esfandiyār Rezā RezāeeAn examination of Adunis' poems shows that the contrary opposites have a special status in his thinking; they play a crucial role in conveying the poet's new and favored concepts. One of the most important oppositions, which is found at high frequency in his poems, is t MoreAn examination of Adunis' poems shows that the contrary opposites have a special status in his thinking; they play a crucial role in conveying the poet's new and favored concepts. One of the most important oppositions, which is found at high frequency in his poems, is the opposition of light and darkness. By using analytical-descriptive method, the present article attempts to evaluate two opposite and commonly used concepts of light and darkness in Adunis's poems based on mystical analysis. In this way, Adunis' special view about the nature and objects becomes clear, revealing aspects of the mystical thoughts in his poetry. The results show that concepts such as good and evil, inward and outward worlds, guidance and deviation are reflected in these two concepts. According to Adunis, one must abandon the intrinsic nature of them and unite darkness with light and reach a point where all opposing elements and multiples are united. To achieve this goal, the poet puts away material things and relies on a particular concept called "madness", and in this way, reveals the Truth and provides the knowledge of the ultimate nature of being. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
690 - tion of the Unity beyond the Manifestations (The Case Study: Ghazels of Saib Tabrizi)
mohammadvali mardani Roghayeh Rezaee Hesam Ziyaee Existence originates from a first source that is the origin of the universe. This first source (the Unity) manifests himself in all phenomena and a holistic mystic, by observing these manifold of phenomena, reaches the source of the existence or the Unity. With th More Existence originates from a first source that is the origin of the universe. This first source (the Unity) manifests himself in all phenomena and a holistic mystic, by observing these manifold of phenomena, reaches the source of the existence or the Unity. With the eyes of the heart, he/she sees the First Principle in all corners of the universe. Is this view, which was formed by Ibn Arabi, also visible in Sabk-e Hindi (Indian style)? Was Saib Tabrizi, as one of the pillars of the Indian style, fascinated by this view? The data of the research show that Saib Tabrizi has considered the unity of being in his Divan and has introduced it as a way to the true gnosis and theoretical knowledge. The present research has been done by analytical-descriptive method and its data is collected from library sources. The results of the study show that Saib Tabrizi, like the mystics who believe in the unity of being, considers the world of plurality as a symbol and manifestation of a single truth and seeks to discover this first source (the Unity). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
691 - Exploring the Types of 'Sahv' in the Mystical Worldview of Ruzbehan Baqli Shirazi
fatemeh toobaie Mohammad Yusuf NayyeriThe term "Sahv" (spiritual sobriety) is referenced in the teachings of Bayazid Bastami and Junayd of Baghdad. Ruzbehan Baqli Shirazi, akin to many Sufi masters and elders, has explored this concept along his spiritual journey (suluk), delving into its nuances and pres MoreThe term "Sahv" (spiritual sobriety) is referenced in the teachings of Bayazid Bastami and Junayd of Baghdad. Ruzbehan Baqli Shirazi, akin to many Sufi masters and elders, has explored this concept along his spiritual journey (suluk), delving into its nuances and presenting a fresh perspective on Sahv. This study elucidates the precise meaning of Sahv within the mystical framework of Ruzbahan, categorizing its types, exploring their origins, and delineating their implications within his his intellectual system. Notably, a unique form of Sahv is introduced, exclusive to Ruzbehan Baqli and hitherto unmentioned in Sufi discourse, termed "Ruzbehanian sahv". This form occurs in the spiritual realm of "ain jam" (essence of unity), where one retains sobriety amidst a state of intoxication, exhibiting awareness of this paradoxical state and exercising control over it. Ruzbehan attributes the emergence of this distinct sobriety to the experience of "pure unification" and the spiritual stage of "ain jama", highlighting its divergent outcomes such as unity with the eternal Beloved, expression of ecstatic utterances (shatahāt), and comprehension of Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr - the enigmatic language exchanged between God and prophets/saints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
692 - Unity of Being in Sanā'ī and Ibn Arabī’s works: A Comparative Study
خدابخش اسداللهی بهنام فتحی The aim of the present article is to examine the concept of Unity of Being (Tohid) in the thoughts of Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (died around 1131), one of the earlier Sufi poets. The article primarily strives to show that the concept o More The aim of the present article is to examine the concept of Unity of Being (Tohid) in the thoughts of Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (died around 1131), one of the earlier Sufi poets. The article primarily strives to show that the concept of Unity of Being (Tohid) in Sanā'ī's thought is associated with intuition. Next, it is indicated that Sanā'ī, like Ibn Arabi, believes that knowledge of God is based on assimilation and disconnecting God from creation. And finally, it is shown that according Sanā'ī, realization of Tohid is based on removal of Individualities, sincere devotion (Ekhlās), Trust in God (Tavakol), inward solitude (Tafrid) and outward separation (Tajrid). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
693 - The Phenomenon of Night in the Thoughts of Jalāl al-Din Rūmi
Khodābakhash Asadollahī Behnām Fathī In the present article, based on Masnavi Manavi and Divan Shams, “the phenomenon of night” will be looked at in four parts. In the first part, which is called “nights and its appurtenances” the relationship of night and day, the crack of More In the present article, based on Masnavi Manavi and Divan Shams, “the phenomenon of night” will be looked at in four parts. In the first part, which is called “nights and its appurtenances” the relationship of night and day, the crack of dawn, sleeping, calamity occurring in the night, keeping nightly vigil are studied. Jalāl al-Din Rūmi believes Eternal beloved manifests himself in the night and at dawn and the calamities occurring in the night prevents the manifestation of the beloved. In the second part, “the features of night”, the following themes are considered: superiority of night over day, purity of night, and night as the place of manifestation of God. Rūmi believes, by contemplating and staying away from hypocrisy, man can understand the Divine Oneness at night. In the third part, we consider the mystical meanings of “night” from Rūmi’s point of view. And finally, in the fourth part, the Blessed Night (Shabe Qadr), night of Ascension (Shabe Meraj), as the special nights that the mystic can reach union with the Beloved, is considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
694 - The Influence of Ibn Arabī’s Thoughts on Seyyed Mohammad Noorbakhsh
جمشید جلالی شیجانی Seyyed Mohammad Noorbakhsh (1392-1464), Khorasanian mystic and the founder of Noorbakhshiyye Order, is influenced by Ibn Arabī (1165-1240), the famous Islamic mystic. The present article, by considering the thoughts and discussions of Seyyed Mohammad Noorbakhsh More Seyyed Mohammad Noorbakhsh (1392-1464), Khorasanian mystic and the founder of Noorbakhshiyye Order, is influenced by Ibn Arabī (1165-1240), the famous Islamic mystic. The present article, by considering the thoughts and discussions of Seyyed Mohammad Noorbakhsh, tries to show the very influence of Ibn Arabī on the subjects of "unity of Being", "the Seal of saintship" and "the Perfect Man". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
695 - The Idea of “Unity of Being” in the Rubā'iyāt of Bidel Dehlavi
masuode rohani siyavash haghjo ali akbar shobaklaiiIbn 'Arabi's idea of “unity of being” grew slowly in Islamic lands, especially in Iran and then in India. One of the important ways of promoting the idea was the literary-mystic texts. The idea of “unity of being” has been manifested in the rubā' MoreIbn 'Arabi's idea of “unity of being” grew slowly in Islamic lands, especially in Iran and then in India. One of the important ways of promoting the idea was the literary-mystic texts. The idea of “unity of being” has been manifested in the rubā'iyāt (quatrains) of Bidel Dehlavi. In his rubā'iyāt, the issues of tashbih and tanzih (transcendence and immanence), inward and outward, unity and diversity, and the like are discussed. He believes firmly to the idea of “unity of being” and explains, in a stable manner, the related topics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
696 - Immortality Instinct: A Mythical Approach
Majid Mansoori hamid gholamiImmortality and undeterminity of myths cause them to have continuity in human unconsciousnessthrough the passage of time, and to be considered as one of the inseparable parts of human life. Indeed, it seems that, semantically, continuity of human life is not possible wi MoreImmortality and undeterminity of myths cause them to have continuity in human unconsciousnessthrough the passage of time, and to be considered as one of the inseparable parts of human life. Indeed, it seems that, semantically, continuity of human life is not possible without myths because myths provide a deep response to one of the great challenges of man, that is, immortality instinct. By using the analytic-documental method, the present article tries to study the main themes giving rise to the immortality instinct and reasons of using the same structures in the different cults and ethnic groups. The theme of immortality can be found in mythical motifs like eternal return, myth of fertility, resurrection, the days of childhood, return to unity and myth of becoming a writer. The processes of formation of these motifs are the same, because the mythical mind (collective unconscious) has common function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
697 - 'Unity of Being' in the Thoughts of Jāmi and Shabestari: A Comparative Analysis
Batool Mahdavi Shahlā Khalilollāhi Monireh EidiThe present article attempts to compare the idea of 'unity of Being' in the thoughts of Ibn Arabi, Jāmi and Shabestari. Ibn Arabi has a key role in formation this idea. Among the poets and writers of 7th and 8th A.H. centuries, Jāmi and Shabestari played an important ro MoreThe present article attempts to compare the idea of 'unity of Being' in the thoughts of Ibn Arabi, Jāmi and Shabestari. Ibn Arabi has a key role in formation this idea. Among the poets and writers of 7th and 8th A.H. centuries, Jāmi and Shabestari played an important role in enforcing and developing the ideas of Ibn Arabi. Like Ibn Arabi, they believe that there is nothing in the universe other than the Truth (God) and all of the pluralities are the different manifestation of God. The present research shows that Jāmi and Shabestari, like Ibn Arabi, believe that all things are manifested in God; they use rhetorical mediums like sea and its manifestations, number, mirror and light, and glow of light through the colorful mirrors for explaining the idea of 'unity of Being'. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
698 - Habitat Classification of Hormuz Island Based on Surface Geological Structure
Nabiallah Kheirabadi Z. AnsariThis study was conducted to introduce and classify the costal habitats of Hormuz Island. In the initial survey, the natural and anthropogenic features of the coastline were recorded by GPS and then seven stations were designated. The results showed that the coast line i MoreThis study was conducted to introduce and classify the costal habitats of Hormuz Island. In the initial survey, the natural and anthropogenic features of the coastline were recorded by GPS and then seven stations were designated. The results showed that the coast line is divided into three main geological substrate types: rocky-sandy (52%) with total of 19.76 km length of coastline, rocky and muddy, with 40% (15.2 Km) and 8% (3.04 Km) of total coast line, respectively. Furthermore, all the coastline’s and station’s geomorphologies were surveyed independently and 20 different coastline habitats were identified. The results also showed that, Hormuz Island shoreline is divided into north and south major substrates because of sedimentation activities. The main hard substrate is located in the south coasts and the main soft substrate is located in the north. Shoreline habitat’s opportunities and threats were investigated and the results indicated that, the sensitive coastline habitats in this island require management, control and biological assessments under a purposeful management plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
699 - Macro invertebrate benthos of Kalarood River as water quality index
M. Shapoori A. Vosooghi M. Babazade S. VatandoostIn this research, water quality of Kalarood River of Babol was studied by identification of Macro invertebrate benthos. The result of this study was compared by ratio of EPT to Chironomidae and HFBI index. Six stations were selected and sampling was done seasonally for MoreIn this research, water quality of Kalarood River of Babol was studied by identification of Macro invertebrate benthos. The result of this study was compared by ratio of EPT to Chironomidae and HFBI index. Six stations were selected and sampling was done seasonally for one year. Arthropoda and platy worm are the main branch of invertebrate benthos; in four class, eight order and eleven families. Maximum and minimum of diversity and density was observed in spring and summer in all stations, respectively. Also maximum and minimum of diversity was measured in station one and six, respectively. The relationship between physical and hydrological parameters were significant (p<0.05) in different season but it was not significant in different stations (p>0.05). HFBI index showed that minimum, maximum and average of this index was 3.99 in fall, 4.62 in spring and 4.33 respectively. The result of this study indicated that the water quality in the upstream was in normal range (good to medium condition) but in the other hand downstream and middle stream was in good condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
700 - Integrating Wind Farms and Pumped Storage Plants in Power System Unit Commitment Using Modified Particle Swarm Optimization
Hassan Siahkali -
Open Access Article
701 - Estimation of the Bistatic Echolocation from Underwater Target Using Ship Noise based on Normal-Mode Model
Mojgan Mirzaei Hotkani Seyed Alireza Seyedin Jean Bousquet -
Open Access Article
702 - Design and Implementation a Single-Phase UPS Based on Microcontroller with AVR at Input and Full-Bridge Inverter at Output for Improving Sinusoidal Output Voltage
Ahmad Omrani Majid Dehghani Mohamad Reza Yousefi -
Open Access Article
703 - Small Signal Study Generating Units Dynamic Behavior with Reheat Steam Turbine and Transient Droop Hydraulic Turbine
Mahdi Sharifi Homa Movahednejad Mohammad Reza Yousefi Ghazanfar Shahgholian -
Open Access Article
704 - The effect of recombinant IpaB protein on the develoment of immune responses against Shigella dysenteriae in Guinea Pig
Seyed Akbar Arianzad Mehdi Zeinoddini Azam Haddadi Shahram Nazarian Reza Hasan SajediBackground & Objectives: Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by Shigella dysenteriae and threatens the lives of millions of people worldwide annually. IpaB protein, which is part of the Shigella type III secretion system (T3SS), it can elicit a favorable imm MoreBackground & Objectives: Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by Shigella dysenteriae and threatens the lives of millions of people worldwide annually. IpaB protein, which is part of the Shigella type III secretion system (T3SS), it can elicit a favorable immune response against the bacterium. The aim of this study is experimental evaluation of the immunogenicity of a recombinant protein containing immunogenic regions of IpaB as a subunit recombinant vaccine candidate against Shigella dysenteriae. Material & Methods: The gene encoding immunogenic protein that cloned into pET28a expression vector was transformed in the bacterial host E.coil strain Rosetta (DE3) and induced by IPTG. The purified protein was achieved using nickel chromatography column and injected into guinea pigs for immunization. The produced antibody titer was assessed by indirect ELISA assay and finally animal challenge was performed using the Sereny test in guinea pigs.Results: A 36 KDa band as IpaB protein was observed in SDS-PAGE which was confirmed by western blot. The immunological analyses showed production of high titer of specific anti-IpaB antibody (1:102,400) in immunized Guinea pig. The absence of any keratoconjunctival inflammation in immunized guinea pigs in Sereny test indicated high level protection against virulent Shigella dysentriea.Conclusion: The results showed that IpaB can elicit high titer of antibody and protection against Shigella dysentriae in Guinea pigs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
705 - Designing of HIV P24 Antigen assay kit using human monoclonal Antibody
Masoomeh Hashemi Seyed-Mehdi Butorabi Reza Haji-Hoeini Ali Mir-JaliliBackground and Objective: Several days after infection with HIV and before serum changes in the stage that there is RNA HIV in the blood, the antigen P24 of the HIV is measurable in the blood. The studies done show that in the primary stages of the infection, antigen p2 MoreBackground and Objective: Several days after infection with HIV and before serum changes in the stage that there is RNA HIV in the blood, the antigen P24 of the HIV is measurable in the blood. The studies done show that in the primary stages of the infection, antigen p24 appears sooner than antibody; therefore, the evaluation of antigen p24 can be an appropriate index for diagnosing the infection in the first stages of the disease. Materials and Methods: 300 negative samples from blood donor were tested with the third-generation kit for determining the antibody against HIV. 30 positive samples were collected from the AIDS Research Center and the patients confirmed with Immunoblot and NAT methods. All the samples were investigated with the designed kit for antigen p24 in Elisa method. From among the samples, the samples of serums the antibody test of which were positive, pretreatment with different solutions including 1.5 molars of Buffer Glycin with PH=2, hydrochloric acid 0.5 N, Trition X-100 with a concentration of 0.1% , alkaline buffer No.1 and 2 for removing the probable interventional effect of antibody against antigen p24. Result: From among 30 positive samples, 21samples of antigen tests were positive in the kit designed by human monoclonal and 18 cases in the kit designed by mouse monoclonal antibody before pretreatment samples with Glycin (the diagnostic sensitivity is 70% and 60% respectively). After pretreatment, 28 samples in the kit designed by human monoclonal antibody and 27 samples in the kit designed by mouse monoclonal were positive.( the diagnostic sensitivity were 93% and 90% respectively). In the kit designed for detecting antigen p24, the cut off was determined on the basis of optical density of the negative samples 0.15(equal to 2 pg/ml of antigen P24). The difference between the average of optical density of the positive and negative samples in antigen test was significant statistically(pConclusion: This test has high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing HIV and is more simple, fast, accurate, and economical in comparison with other diagnostic methods. This test may be used for screening newborns from the mothers with positive HIV and the taking decision about the cases for whom the fourth-generation of Elisa Tests are positive but Western Blot Test has not confirmed it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
706 - Immunity of state property in international law Looking at the seizure of Iranian oil exports by the United States
Abdul Samad Bahrani Sohrab Salahi Mohsen DiyanatField and Aims: Iran has been under unilateral US sanctions for years, and the scope of these measures is increasing every day. From the seizure of Iranian property and assets to the threat of seizure of Iranian oil tankers shows the growing tensions. In this regard, th MoreField and Aims: Iran has been under unilateral US sanctions for years, and the scope of these measures is increasing every day. From the seizure of Iranian property and assets to the threat of seizure of Iranian oil tankers shows the growing tensions. In this regard, the main purpose of this study is to examine US actions in imposing sanctions and seizing Iranian oil tankers from the perspective of international law. Method: This is a qualitative and applied research in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and studying international documents, sources related to the subject and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically. Findings and conclusion: The rule of judicial immunity The government has accepted exceptions following changes in the international legal system, including the exemption of tenure and the adoption of the doctrine of limited immunity. Regarding the imposition of unilateral sanctions, there is no explicit text in the Charter of the United Nations that states agree to exert pressure through sanctions in various fields, and therefore, these actions of the United States have no legitimacy. Regarding the US action in seizing Iran's export oil, it should be said that this measure lacks legitimacy in terms of the principle of equality of states, in terms of international rules of the law of the sea and in terms of the principle of protection of state property from seizure by domestic courts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
707 - Jurisprudential and legal study of the right of termination in partial invalidity of the contract with a comparative study of common law
Ali Eslami panah Asiyeh AlaeeBackground and Aim: Annulment has its own characteristics, coordinates and principles that are fundamentally different from other cases of termination of the contract, such as termination, etc. This annulment may occur only in a part of the contract and lead to its part MoreBackground and Aim: Annulment has its own characteristics, coordinates and principles that are fundamentally different from other cases of termination of the contract, such as termination, etc. This annulment may occur only in a part of the contract and lead to its partial annulment. . In order to protect the rights of victims from minor invalidity, different solutions have been proposed in different legal systems. The right to terminate the right part of the contract is one of the solutions that is accepted in the jurisprudential and legal system of Iran and is referred to as the "option of discrimination". Is to examine the acceptance of such a right for the victim of a minor invalidity of the contract and its conformity or non-conformity with justice and fairness and legal principles.Method: In this research, analytical and descriptive methods have been used.Findings and Results: The right of termination is not only not contrary to the "principle of necessity of contracts" but also in accordance with the important jurisprudential rule of "no harm" and also in accordance with justice and fairness. Of course, the absoluteness of this right can be contrary to the above rules, and it is necessary to imagine restrictions such as "desirable unity" and "desirable plurality" for it. The option of segregation discrimination is not provided for in Iranian law, but it can be reconciled with some cases of termination right provided for in British law. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
708 - The Study of Chaos Phenomenon in TEDPIX of Tehran Stock Exchange
محمد نمازی زهره حاجیها حسن چناری بوکت Abstract Complicated time series such as stock prices and their changes are commonly hypothesized as random and subsequently unanticipated parameters, while probably, these time series could the resultant of a chaos or a regular non–linear active process More Abstract Complicated time series such as stock prices and their changes are commonly hypothesized as random and subsequently unanticipated parameters, while probably, these time series could the resultant of a chaos or a regular non–linear active process and consequently they will be anticipatable. This article examines whether TEDPIX of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)are following the random walk process or evaluated by a chaotic process in the period of 1380-1392. For analysis of the hypothesis, unit root, BDS, autocorrelation and auto-regression were used. The results of the study indicate that TEDPIX is a chaotic and non–randomized parameter. These results are related to the inefficiency of the TSE market and subsequently showed that the TSE market has the potential of short–time predictability and there is a non–clearance information progress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
709 - Structural equations relationship between asset growth, profit continuity, profit management and investment opportunities with profit sharing and company value
Abdolrasoul Rahmanian Koushkaki Hossein TaheriAbstract The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between assets growth, profit continuity, profit management and investment opportunities with profit sharing and company value among companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical MoreAbstract The main purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between assets growth, profit continuity, profit management and investment opportunities with profit sharing and company value among companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical sample of the research includes 113 active companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2015 to 2019. Structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) was used for statistical analysis. The findings of this study showed that assets growth, profit continuity, investment opportunities and profit management have an effect on dividends. There is also a significant relationship between earnings management and dividends. Finally, the distributed profit, assets growth, and the continuity of profit affect the company's performance. Finally, the distributed profit, the growth of assets, and the continuity of profit affect the company's performance. Finally, the distributed profit, profit growth, and the continuity of profit affect the company's performance. When investors determine the value of the company in terms of accounting data, it is necessary to consider the growth rate of assets. When the company does not have a shortage of available cash, the manager does not face a serious problem in allocating resources between investment opportunities and profit distribution. The growth of assets creates value for a company. Managers mostly proceed with profit continuation; Because the amount of profit and its fluctuation is important from the point of view of the company's shareholders and it affects the value of the company. Using investment opportunities and adopting favorable debt and profit sharing policies, which are among the tools of financial decisions, can improve the position of the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
710 - Rise of China and India- US foreign policy toward each other from 2001 to 2019
naser Hadian -Jazy MEHDI BAZVANDAbstractSince 2001, the relationship between India and the United States has been witnessing a fundamental shift from both sides. Many analysts see the rise of China as one of the main reasons for the positive shifts in the foreign policy of the United States and India MoreAbstractSince 2001, the relationship between India and the United States has been witnessing a fundamental shift from both sides. Many analysts see the rise of China as one of the main reasons for the positive shifts in the foreign policy of the United States and India towards each other. Given this point, this study seeks to answer the question of why the rise of China has led to a rapprochement between India and the United States. The results of this study show that as China increasingly seeks to undermine India's national interests, balancing strategy has become a requirement for India's foreign policy toward China. On the other hand, the choice of off-shore balancing by the United States to prevent the emergence of a regional hegemon in East and South Asia has led to a rapprochement between the United States and India. Under such circumstances, the United States could reduce its costs of dealing with the emerging power of China by burden sharing with its partners Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
711 - EU-Iran relations in the light of transatlantic relations (Case study of the Obama and Trump eras)
Ebrahim Bagheri seyed Davood AghaeeThe present study seeks to answer the question why the European Union, despite its political will to expand relations with Iran and in particular its efforts to maintain BRICS within the framework of the designed mechanisms, failed to exercise its strategic independence MoreThe present study seeks to answer the question why the European Union, despite its political will to expand relations with Iran and in particular its efforts to maintain BRICS within the framework of the designed mechanisms, failed to exercise its strategic independence and fulfill its obligations within BRICS. The findings show that the EU's lack of strategic independence is due to the EU's transatlantic dependence on three levels of institutional security deficit, asymmetric interdependence in the economic sphere, and the preferences of EU transnational corporations in relation to US markets. At the level of the institutional security deficit; Given the United States' security umbrella and lack of military-defense independence, the European Union is forced to adjust its approaches to US interests and goals. At the economic level; The interdependence of economic, trade, and investment interactions on both sides of the Atlantic and the asymmetry of this relationship (US strategic economic superiority) have severely limited the possibility of EU economic action independence. The third level concerns the preferences of the market and the private and transnational corporations of the European Union and the rational and risk-taking pattern of companies under secondary US sanctions, which has been a major obstacle to the independence of the EU approach to Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library. In this regard, books, articles, documents, Internet resources and comments of relevant officials have been used to collect data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
712 - Persian Gulf Arab Lobbies in the United States:Mechanisms and Goals
Alireza Madadi Hossein karimifard lena abdoulkhane Shiva JalalpourThe decentralized and pluralistic nature of power in the United States has allowed for a diverse and influential role for a diverse range of ethnic lobbies.Meanwhile, the Arabs of the southern Gulf have focused on lobbying as a reliable foreign policy tool and influenci MoreThe decentralized and pluralistic nature of power in the United States has allowed for a diverse and influential role for a diverse range of ethnic lobbies.Meanwhile, the Arabs of the southern Gulf have focused on lobbying as a reliable foreign policy tool and influencing US decision-making and policy-making.The scope and dimensions of lobbying and lobbying have increased significantly in recent years.In this connection, the main question of this study is: "What mechanisms and goals have been pursued by the Arab Gulf lobbies in the Persian Gulf since its inception?The findings of the paper suggest that the Arab Gulf lobbies of pluralistic trends and mechanisms such as embassies, foreign-registered lobbyists, individual lobbyists, oil companies, and sponsoring American thought toward goals such as Two-States solution their economic goals and interests, have been confronted with negative agendas, against positive portrayal of themselves, and ultimately with Iran.The present study is a descriptive-analytical one And information collection has also been done in a library-style way and through online resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
713 - Deterrence as a Security-defense Strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Challenges, Requirements, and its Strategic Model
Masomeh Ansarifard امیر محمد Haji-YousefiSince the collapse of the bipolar system and the change in "system arena" and "issues in the new world system", the Middle East has changed into one of the main bases for implementing the new deterrence strategy. Thus, the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is located in t MoreSince the collapse of the bipolar system and the change in "system arena" and "issues in the new world system", the Middle East has changed into one of the main bases for implementing the new deterrence strategy. Thus, the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is located in the disputed region of the Middle East, has highlighted deterrence to ensure its security. The present qualitative study aims to see whether Iran's current strategy is consistent with the components of the “new deterrence” by considering identity-, authority-, and interest-based approaches in national, regional and international levels. In this regard, the main hypothesis raised is Iran's security-defense strategy is inspired solely by the military component of deterrence, not all of the new components of deterrence. In other words, the synergy of all dimensions including the military, political, and economic dimensions of Post-Cold War Deterrence did not exist in the strategic equation of Iranian deterrence,and deterrence for Iran has been a military response to deterrent actions of extra-regional adversaries and their regional allies.In this regard, the present study seeks to achieve a comprehensive understanding of deterrence and its evolution with a pathological approach in order to explain the appropriate model of deterrence in Iran. Based on the results, Iran's performance is more based on the requirements of asymmetric warfare than deterrence due to the increasing impact of both regional and international environments on the national environment.Further, the success of Iranian deterrence relies on the use of "deterrence with denial" versus "deterrence with punishment." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
714 - International Organizations and Democratization: A Case Study of Afghanistan
Arezou Ravansetan Nozar Shafiee Hossain Daheshiar Rahmat HajiminiehAbstractIn democratization approach, the root of war and insecurity in the international system is the lack of democracy. Therefore, democratization of the governments has changed to an important procedure in the cold postwar world. This important issue is in progress s MoreAbstractIn democratization approach, the root of war and insecurity in the international system is the lack of democracy. Therefore, democratization of the governments has changed to an important procedure in the cold postwar world. This important issue is in progress sometimes in the form of process, and sometimes in the form of project, by the international organizations that have legitimation and universal acceptance. The objective of this research is to analyze the role of the international organizations on democratization of the governments that are in non-democratic status. Hence, by focusing on the role of the UN as one of the most effective public international organizations, this question is raised that what is the role of the international organizations, especially UN, in democratization of the governments? Hypothesis of the research, which is conducted in descriptive- analytical method, is that “the UN plays an active role through its major institutions such as Security Council, general meeting and secretary-general by implementing and executing the legal and political (or diplomatic) actions and institutionalizing for accelerating anti-authoritarianism and fixing democracy in the non-democratic countries”. Findings of the paper show that the high levels of independence and legitimation of the international organizations such as UN have made the democratization of the non-democratic governments possible. The case of Afghanistan will be reviewed for clarifying this interaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
715 - The Behavior of the Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran Towards the United Nations in the Years 2013 to 2021
fatemeh sadat mirkhan reza simbar Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Mohammadreza GhaediThe United Nations is one of the international organizations and the most important organization that consists of all countries of the world and its pillars play a key role in international relations. The Islamic Republic of Iran, like other countries in the world, is a MoreThe United Nations is one of the international organizations and the most important organization that consists of all countries of the world and its pillars play a key role in international relations. The Islamic Republic of Iran, like other countries in the world, is a member of this organization. Our country, Iran, as an ancient country and civilization, urgently needs a fundamental re-reading of its relations and attitude towards the United Nations and its pillars. The main purpose of this article is to analyze and recognize the behavior of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the United Nations in the period of 1392 (2013) to 1400 (2021); The main question is what was the attitude of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the United Nations in the years 1392 to 1400? The researcher tries to reach an appropriate answer to this question with a theoretical approach to defensive realism, and with a descriptive-analytical research method and data collection tools of libraries and Internet sites. The results of the research show that the main problem of Iran's foreign policy towards the United Nations is its sinusoidal nature. And the solution to this problem is that Iran can play a more effective role in the United Nations by changing its sinusoidal foreign policy towards the organization and trying to establish various consultations for its reform. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
716 - Examining Saudi Arabia's position in US foreign policy regarding Iran's anti-hegemonic role.
sajad hasani arsalan ghorbani-e sheikhneshin Hassan Khodaverdi Garineh Keshishyan SirakiThe governing structure of the international system and, consequently, the Middle East order, which is influenced by the arrangement, competition, and interaction of regional actors and interregional intervening powers, have particular effects and consequences on the re MoreThe governing structure of the international system and, consequently, the Middle East order, which is influenced by the arrangement, competition, and interaction of regional actors and interregional intervening powers, have particular effects and consequences on the relations of actors in the Middle East. Organizes the surface of regular areas. The relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia and the patterns of interaction and friendship-enmity between the two countries are also a function of the formulations of the structure of the international system and the order of the Middle East. The question of the present article is that what effect does the anti-hegemonic emergence of the Islamic Republic of Iran have on the position of Saudi Arabia in US policy (considering the superior role of the US in the structure of the international system) in the West Asian region? Findings of the article Using neo-realist theoretical propositions show that Washington, in the context of its superior role in the structure of the international system, uses Riyadh as a geopolitical, geostrategic and geocultural weight to maintain balance. It looks at regional forces and countering the emergence and expansion of anti-hegemonic powers such as Iran. This article has been done through qualitative-interpretive method and inference of information through existing documents with descriptive-analytical approach and case information. The need has also been collected by taking methods from available and available sources, including: books, articles in domestic scientific research quarterly and foreign articles, reputable sites and Internet resources, and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
717 - Threats to international peace and security from the Failed State (Case study: Somalia)
mahdi Baghban babak naderporThe security issues of the world today have a certain entanglement and complexity that each of which can lead to other security issues. one of these new issues is the collapse of government. the issues of the failure of governments in matter of international peace and s MoreThe security issues of the world today have a certain entanglement and complexity that each of which can lead to other security issues. one of these new issues is the collapse of government. the issues of the failure of governments in matter of international peace and security was first raised by the united states of America after 11 September. however, the international community has not had a clear understanding of the threat to international peace and security posed by the collapse of government. in this regard, a study of UN resolutions on the crisis in Somalia, which has been recognized as a failed state in the world for three decades since 1991, seeks to identify the various threats to international peace and security caused by collapse governments came out. In this descriptive content analysis study, 97 UN resolutions on the Somalia crisis were analyzed. as a result. it has been determined that the failure of government will pose at least 13 types of threats to international peace and security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
718 - The legitimacy of the Nine-Dash line of the 2009 China Declaration in the South China Sea
seyed fakhrodin mokhtari mohammad ali solhchi mansour pournouriAbstract:China issued a map to the UN Secretary-General announced the drawing of a Nine Dash Line in the South China Sea, In 2009. This Nine-Dash Line cover's all the main islands of the South China Sea. Also, the method of delimitation with this Nine-Dash Line is such MoreAbstract:China issued a map to the UN Secretary-General announced the drawing of a Nine Dash Line in the South China Sea, In 2009. This Nine-Dash Line cover's all the main islands of the South China Sea. Also, the method of delimitation with this Nine-Dash Line is such that it interferes with the Exclusive Economic Zones and the Continental Shelf of other neighbors. This way of drawing lines was not reformed even with China's accession to the Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982). The Philippines as the most affected and protesting country, Claims incompatibility of China's Nine-Dash Line with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) and considered all Chinese actions contrary to its obligations under this convention. According to this Convention and aimed at resolving disputes, The Philippines submitted its bill and petition to the Arbitral Tribunal pursuant to Annex 7 of the Convention. The summary conclusion of this study is that although the delimitation of borders, including maritime borders, is unilaterally practical in principle, a country cannot introduce itself as a coastal country outside the scope of international law and in areas that overlap with other coastal countries, to draw border lines unilaterally, and it is assumed that the Nine-Dash line drawn by China has no legitimate justification. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and relying on library resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
719 - China in Latin America: goals and strategies Drivers of China's foreign policy developments in Latin America and the Caribbean
roya nezhadzandieh mostafa almasin the present international system, the spread and appearance of China has changed into an important and unavoidable matter. That's why this previous regional power, has come to act in the domain of world and extraterritorial context. It has also presented itself as reg Moren the present international system, the spread and appearance of China has changed into an important and unavoidable matter. That's why this previous regional power, has come to act in the domain of world and extraterritorial context. It has also presented itself as regional area power.. Latin America is one of those in which China has had a growing presence. This research is going to find the reason why china is present in the area and to find out the consequences of this presence in terms of Robert Kagan theory. So the authors are to validate this theory: china in the way of increasing power and also balancing geopolitical against the United states and as an answer to America's presence in the south-East of Asia, china has defined Latin America as an important country in its foreign policy. Then three solution including political, financial، military and security matters are investigated considering the fact that countries are trying to increase their level and influence. Findings of the research show that when a power comes to surface in the international system and searches for increasing power and advancing influence in politics and economics, it will do so through different sources and internal, international capacities. The presence of china in Latin America is looked at around this matter. So china needs to be present in Latin America in order to achieve an international power through a multilateral policy and using smart power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
720 - Default of appearance before an International Arbitration Tribunal with emphasizing on c China and the Philippines Case
seyed fakhrodin mokhtari mohammad ali solhchi mansour pournouriObservance of the adversarial principle is associated with that the trial is not conducted in the absence of one parties. On the other hand, observing the interests of the party that has referred to the competent tribunal requires continued consideration and issuance fi MoreObservance of the adversarial principle is associated with that the trial is not conducted in the absence of one parties. On the other hand, observing the interests of the party that has referred to the competent tribunal requires continued consideration and issuance final decision. If a country can deprive the jurisdiction from the competent tribunal by not appearing, this will severely undermine the credibility of peaceful dispute resolution. China issued a plan to the UN Secretary-General in 2009 and announced the drawing of a Nine-Dash Line in the South China Sea. The Philippines as the most protesting country, alleges an international dispute over the incompatibility of China's Nine-Dash Line with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) and on January 22, 2013, citing the provisions of the Convention, it referred its case against China to an arbitration tribunal under Section 7, Chapter 15 of the Convention. China declined to participate in all proceedings because it considered the arbitration tribunal incompetent to hear the dispute. This article intends to examine the validity of the dispute resolution process in the event of default to appear before the competent tribunal. The concise conclusion of this article is that the country absent from the proceedings is still considered as a party to the dispute and mere absence will not cause the deterioration of this position or the loss of competence of the competent tribunal but special tasks are established for the competent tribunal, which are examined in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
721 - China-Russia Strategic Alliance against US Unilateralism and its Impact on Iran's National Security 2009-2021
Tahereh Nezafati Garineh Keshishyan SirakiAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, the structure of the international system took on a unipolar form, one of its main characteristics being the unilateral approach of the United States as the ruling superpower. But Russia and China have managed to compete and chall MoreAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union, the structure of the international system took on a unipolar form, one of its main characteristics being the unilateral approach of the United States as the ruling superpower. But Russia and China have managed to compete and challenge America in the position of great power. This competitive process has also affected the national security of other countries. The main goal of this research is to investigate the impact of the alliance between Russia and China against the unilateralism of the United States on Iran's national security. The main question is, what effect did the alliance between Russia and China have on Iran's national security in 2009-2021 against the unilateralism of the United States? It seems that the strategic alliance of China and Russia based on competition and curbing the hegemony of US has had effects in the direction of strengthening and weakening the national security of Iran. The results show that the alliance between China and Russia against the United States affects Iran's national security in the political dimension Iran's emphasis on the role of the United Nations, Iran's membership in the Shanghai Organization, seeking new horizons in BRICS in the military dimension countering Western sanctions and promoting military cooperation with China and Russia in the economic dimension enhancement of economic cooperation, purchase of Iranian oil and gas and Iran's pivotal capability in China's Silk Road project and in the environmental dimension of the cooperation of the two sides with Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
722 - Russian security threats Analysis after the U.S. Pullout from Afghanistan in Central Asia with emphasis on Islamic fundamentalism
hassan ainehvand Ali keyvani Mohammadali basiriThe exit of U.S. troops from Afghanistan in August 2021 was made by the government of Joe Biden, which was preceded by the Doha Agreement on February 29, 2020 between Donald Trump and the Taliban with the official title of "Peace Agreement to Afghanistan." The end of th MoreThe exit of U.S. troops from Afghanistan in August 2021 was made by the government of Joe Biden, which was preceded by the Doha Agreement on February 29, 2020 between Donald Trump and the Taliban with the official title of "Peace Agreement to Afghanistan." The end of the 20-years US military presence in Afghanistan has challenged international relations researchers with the crucial question of what consequences the military pullout of the United States and its allies will have for other actors active in the Middle East, Central and West Asia? And what aspects of their national interests will be affected? Amongst these players is the Russian Federation, that Afghanistan's proximity to Central Asia, as Moscow's traditional sphere of influence, could lead to new crises, including the expansion of Islamic fundamentalism to the national interests of this country. Therefore, the main question of this present paper is that what are the negative consequences of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan on Russia's national interests in Central Asia? The main assumption of this paper is that the central Asian region should be considered the center of the world crisis in the future as the most prone region for the growth of Islamic fundamentalism, which will destroy the region's security dynamics and confront Russia to new security threats. The authors try to prove their hypothesis in this paper by applying Regional security complex theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
723 - Transition to Hybrid Balancing in China’s Foreign Policy toward the United States
Abdolmajid SeifiChina is the most important great power that has posed a fundamental challenge to the position of the United States in the post-Cold War era. China's significant economic growth and becoming the second largest economy in the world, significant progress in the mili MoreChina is the most important great power that has posed a fundamental challenge to the position of the United States in the post-Cold War era. China's significant economic growth and becoming the second largest economy in the world, significant progress in the military and space fields, and the expansion of influence in different regions of the world have strengthened the prospect of expanding this challenge. In the base of grand strategy of offshore balancing, on the one hand, the United States has been trying to buck pass part of the responsibility of containing China to the states that have the desire and ability to contain China, and on the other hand, it is doing straight balancing. Straight balancing of the United States is in the form of a hybrid war. The complexity and multidimensionality of the US approach in this hybrid war has caused China's response to this war to have multiple dimensions, which can be elaborated as a hybrid balancing approach. From this point of view, the main question of this research is that what is China's strategy to deal with the hybrid war of the United States? In response, the present article claims that China's response to the United States' hybrid war is based on hybrid balancing, which takes place in the three dimensions of political, economic, and informational balancing. The present research was done by using descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
724 - China's New Silk Road Initiative (Aims, obstacles and challenges)
Bahram Amirahmadiyan Roohollah Salehi DolatabadAbstract Today, Asia as a continent is faced with new developments and plans in order to meet the goals of different actors in different regions of the continent. China is one of the emerging players who plan to become a global power, has proposed the revival of the Sil MoreAbstract Today, Asia as a continent is faced with new developments and plans in order to meet the goals of different actors in different regions of the continent. China is one of the emerging players who plan to become a global power, has proposed the revival of the Silk Road initiative. Silk Road is one of China's foreign policy initiatives for expanding their influence to other areas. The plan, which almost covers an area of 4.4 billion people 65% of the world's population and 21 trillion of global GDP in total. The initiative was announced by President of China in September 2013 and the two economic belt “New Silk Road" (One road and one belt) and "Marine silk road" has been formed. Effort and dedication of China to promote such huge projects apart from the economic and political consequences could be serious for the country in the lead, also could be the formation of China's ambitious new foreign policy to expand more and trying to play a regional role. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
725 - Impact of United Nations Development Plans on Development Programs of Iran
Ramezan Esmail Asadi Mahnaz GoodarziAbstract: The United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDP) is being developed in a consultative process between the agency's development agencies and member states, and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is also one of a set of United Nations speci MoreAbstract: The United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDP) is being developed in a consultative process between the agency's development agencies and member states, and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is also one of a set of United Nations specialized agencies dedicated to developing countries and Underdeveloped was formed in 1966. Development in any country occurs when planners develop strong programs that fit the environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of United Nations development plans on the development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran (opportunities and challenges). The quest for this research is to answer the question of how did the United Nations Development Plans affect the development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDP) is divided into four groups: Environment, Health, Resistance Economics and Drug Control. In this study, a descriptive-analytical method has been used. The results of the study showed that the United Nations Development Plans as an independent and exorbitant variable influenced the development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a dependent variable, and the transformation of the United Nations development programs into the development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran Has undergone transformation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
726 - U.S. Interventions in the Middle East Uprisings or Revolutions of 2011 and U.S. Intervention Scenarios in Syria
Mohammad Ali Khosravi رقیه مهاجریAbstract 2010 Tunisia demonstration was occurred due to economic and social conditions, inequality and poverty, unemployment, corruption, violation of political freedom and lack of democracy. Such movements were expanded to other Arab countries such as Libya, Yemen, Bah MoreAbstract 2010 Tunisia demonstration was occurred due to economic and social conditions, inequality and poverty, unemployment, corruption, violation of political freedom and lack of democracy. Such movements were expanded to other Arab countries such as Libya, Yemen, Bahrain, etc. which except for Bahrain, all were overthrown. Although U.S. type of intervention varied in the above mentioned countries, the essential goal behind was to misdirect the national revolutions and maintain U.S. political benefits of the Middle East strategic region. Efforts to survive Bahraini government via repressing of revolutionists, penetrating in Yemen’s revolution and retaining its current political structure by only replacing Abdullah Salih with a pre-selected politician, military intervention in Libya, preventing active participation of Islamists in Tunisian politics, taking advantage of the Egypt overthrown regime’s political survivors in the current structure, etc. has been the major US actions in response to recent revolutions in Middle East. Syria-which has been confronting unrests and crisis in the last two years- has been the only Arab country playing a center-oriented role against Israel. Since Russia and China have been strongly supporting Syria in the UN security council, it may seem the unites states cannot militarily penetrate in Syria. Hence, U.S. options for intervening in Syria are: feed the oppositions with monetary and military aids, Applying harder economic sanctions on Syria and its allies, Stimulating and expanding religious and political differences and finally Penetrating in opposition groups and identifying individuals who will later help US future plans in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
727 - Russia and the United States, Competition and Conflict
Davood Aghaee Alireza Samoodi Mehdi MosaviAbstract After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, many scholars thought that the Russian-American confrontation had ended and it would be replaced with cooperation. However, after a short period this optimism gradually faded out and a new period of conflict emerge MoreAbstract After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, many scholars thought that the Russian-American confrontation had ended and it would be replaced with cooperation. However, after a short period this optimism gradually faded out and a new period of conflict emerged. Although the new confrontation was not as sever as the previous one, but it implied a new competition in Russian-American bilateral ties. The new conflict and competition could be seen in several areas such as Russian Neighbors (Central Asian Countries & Caucausus), Missile Defense System and Arms Control and Iran as well. In this article, we are going to explain the new competition based on the above mentioned issues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
728 - Checking of the Legitimacy of Unilateral US Sanctions after Withdrawal of JCPOA to the United Nations Charter
Seyed Hamid Seyed Taghizadeh Leila Raisi Dezaki Bashir Esmaeili Abstract: On May 18, 1397, the United States withdrew with official "Tramp" announcement of “The nuclear agreement of the P5 + 1 countries with Iran" called "The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action". Subsequently, us department of treasury announced that it More Abstract: On May 18, 1397, the United States withdrew with official "Tramp" announcement of “The nuclear agreement of the P5 + 1 countries with Iran" called "The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action". Subsequently, us department of treasury announced that it will take action Relative to Restore Iran's nuclear sanctions. Now the question is here that how much does this unilateral action by the United States as a member of the United Nations is proportionate to the United Nations Charter and whether is it legitimate According to the Charter or no. On the other hand, in the framework of the hypothesis, it also seems that “Given that unilateral US sanctions violate several clauses of United Nations Charter, these sanctions are not legitimate in accordance with the Charter.” Therefore, in this article, we will attempt to use the descriptive-analytical method to study the dimensions of this subject and test the hypothesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
729 - An Assessment of Obama's Foreign Policy in the East Asian Region
Mohammad Sadegh BabakanAbstract The United States has long regarded itself as the power of the Pacific region and the main purpose of US foreign policy is to prevent a large power or a set of powers aimed at controlling Eurasia. Earlier in 2011 the Obama administration was turning from Sout MoreAbstract The United States has long regarded itself as the power of the Pacific region and the main purpose of US foreign policy is to prevent a large power or a set of powers aimed at controlling Eurasia. Earlier in 2011 the Obama administration was turning from South Asia and the Middle East to the Asia-Pacific region. This article examines US foreign policy in East Asia with an emphasis on recent history and challenges. It also examines US relations with four key political entities: Japan, the Republic of Korea (South Korea), China and Taiwan. The main purpose of the present paper is to answer the key question of how US foreign policy under Barack Obama's presidency towards East Asia can be assessed. In response to the question the underlying assumption is that Asia is once again the focus of US foreign policy attention and the Obama administration's pivot to East Asia can be seen as the most prominent sign of US pre-occupation announcing the full role of Asia in its foreign policy over the next decade. The results of the research indicate that the American strategic and economic goal is to curb the growth and dynamism of Asia and from the point of view of the realism and deterrence logic the United States will certainly endeavor to prevent China from rising as a strategic competitor in East Asia. It should be noted that the research method used in this paper is of analytical-explanatory nature and using available data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
730 - Obama and the Continuity of America's Foreign Policy toward Egypt
Mahdi Habibollahi Seyyed Javad Emam Jomeh Zadeh Hosein MasudniaAbstract: America relies on more than half a century experiences in dealing with the Middle East, considers Egypt, a key country in the region. In other words, Egypt is the anchor of stability and security to the West especially America, as in the past decade, Washingt MoreAbstract: America relies on more than half a century experiences in dealing with the Middle East, considers Egypt, a key country in the region. In other words, Egypt is the anchor of stability and security to the West especially America, as in the past decade, Washington and Cairo have close and continuous cooperation to meet common strategic interests in the Middle East. With the Arab Spring developments and overthrow of Mubarak, America's policy toward Egypt was faced with challenges. However, the United States has tried to manage these developments, and Obama administration, regardless the type of Egyptian government, maintained its continuous relationship with this key Middle East country. Despite widespread developments after the Arab Spring in Egypt, the United States maintained the same policy aims from its relationship with Egypt. What are the reasons for the continuation of US foreign policy towards Egypt, especially under Obama's presidency? This research by using descriptive and analytical method and with the use of library and internet resources intends to study and explore the reasons for the continuation of relations between the two countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
731 - J-Street, A New Emerged Lobby in the U.S.A
Ahmad Bakhshayeshi Ardestani Mohammad Shahedi Abstract: The law in the United States does not restrict the establishment of political parties and the rate of civilians joining these parties, ranks highest in the world. In this country, lobbies are legally given an influential role in the process of decisio More Abstract: The law in the United States does not restrict the establishment of political parties and the rate of civilians joining these parties, ranks highest in the world. In this country, lobbies are legally given an influential role in the process of decision making. Jewish community has taken advantage from this opportunity and has expanded its influence and power in the political structure. Jewish lobbies monitor and filter domestic and foreign politics of the Congress, White House, think tanks and other political institutes. After 2008 election, a new Jewish lobby, J-Street which had similar viewswith president Obama separated from AIPAC. Obama, who took office with the “Change” slogan, believes that solving the Israeli-Palestinian issue is the key to establish peace in the Middle East. And if it was accomplished successfully, America would be able to overcome some of its problems such as financial crisis, public support, and its heavy costing presence in Iraq and Afghanistan. J-Street lobby shares Mr. Obama’s opinion in this regard and promotes the negotiations for a two-state solution in the Palestinian territories. This article studies foundation of J-Street, its views and actions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
732 - America's Strategy in Afghanistan and Its Impact on National Security of Iran
Mohammad Tohidfam Farhad PaydarAbstract Iran is an important country in the Middle East.The strategic importance of the Hormuz Strait, the Persian Gulf South littoral states, neighboring Pakistan, and Iraq, and most importantly, having a long border with Afghanistan, including the factors that will MoreAbstract Iran is an important country in the Middle East.The strategic importance of the Hormuz Strait, the Persian Gulf South littoral states, neighboring Pakistan, and Iraq, and most importantly, having a long border with Afghanistan, including the factors that will affect America's strategy.On the other hand, the issue of terrorism, narcotics, and other factors, make the relationship between the two countries more important and any of action of America in the neighboring countries of Iran, notably in Afghanistan, has impact on Iran's national security. After 9/11, the war on the terror has led to a convergence of many countries with America.There are important issues in the region that influence on the United States long-term policy.Demographics of Iran and Afghanistan, in addition to a major share of these countries in the global economy and alsonuclearization of the region (which Iran has recently joined it) are all the reasons that has led to handling the strategic depth in Afghanistan and Iran by the United States and thereby influence on the political, economic and military equations of the world. Interaction or conflict with the rival powers could significantly impact on America foreign policy.This is the best opportunity for the United States to pursue its long-term interests by its presence in this strategic regionand by combating the roots of terrorism and drug trafficking in order to implementation of the Greater Middle East Plan and democratization of the region realize the dream of world government of liberal democracy. This paper reviews and analyzes the America's strategy in Afghanistan and its impact on national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
733 - The German defense and security policy in the period after the cold war: From national strategy to regional and international responsibility
Mohammad Tabatabaei Jabbar KhodadustWith the unification of Germany and the collapse of the bipolar system, the country's foreign policy and security as well as having an extensive transformation . So According to the economic power, the population and the geopolitic position of the German caused Complete MoreWith the unification of Germany and the collapse of the bipolar system, the country's foreign policy and security as well as having an extensive transformation . So According to the economic power, the population and the geopolitic position of the German caused Completely new conditions for playing a more active role in the country's economic, political, defense and regional and international security.This research intends to use research methods and analytical -explanatory compiled a library of resources to techniques, to examine the changes and evolution of the defense and security policy in Germany in the period after the cold war. The hypothesis of this research is based on the claim that the resulting space after the end of the cold war and developments in the regional and international level, such as the breakdown of Yugoslavia, the Balkan crisis and the events of September 11, 2001 caused a fundamental transformation in the German defense and security policy, and this country is to adopt an active regional and international strategy . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
734 - U.S. Foreign Policy in the Light of Obama's Pivot to Asia
Farzad Mohammadzadeh Ebrahimi Mohammadreza Maleki Seyed Javad EmamjomehzadehAbstract: With the start of the presidency of Barack Obama and his promise to change, America's foreign policy orientation altered from the Middle East to Asia, so that Obama during his presidency has made great efforts to focus United States' attention and resources to MoreAbstract: With the start of the presidency of Barack Obama and his promise to change, America's foreign policy orientation altered from the Middle East to Asia, so that Obama during his presidency has made great efforts to focus United States' attention and resources to Asia-Pacific. What is the reason of America's strategic orientation change under the Obama presidency from the Middle East to Asia-Pacific? Where should be pursued the context of this change? Due to the proximity of the Obama doctrine to political realism principles, the reason of this change must be tracked on the Obama's realistic policies. Therefore, this study tries to show that how Obama's realistic foreign policy changed the strategic orientation of this country by using the analytical - explanatory method. In this regard, after examining the theory of political realism and Obama realistic doctrine, the Pivot to Asia strategy will be explored which represents an important change in the United States foreign policy from the Middle East to Asia-Pacific. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
735 - The Paradox of America's Foreign Policy in Syrian Crises
Mohammad sadegh Kooshki Mahjobeh KarimiIn the view of most analysts, the US foreign policy in the Syrian civil war has been very passive and ambiguous. Over the four years of civil war in Syria passed and the US has failed to adopt a firm stance against the crisis and arming the opposition, or full-scale mil MoreIn the view of most analysts, the US foreign policy in the Syrian civil war has been very passive and ambiguous. Over the four years of civil war in Syria passed and the US has failed to adopt a firm stance against the crisis and arming the opposition, or full-scale military attack on Syria remains uncertain. The resulting discontent among some American allies like Saudi Arabia and passive policies of Washington was considered. The root of this confusion was the ambiguous foreign policy strategy in relation to the confrontation with the Islamic awakening and overall outcome of US confusion in foreign policy at regional and international levels was evident. America’s credibility and global power relations on the one hand and undermine Washington's allies like Saudi Arabia and Israel in this regard can be summarized Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
736 - Comparing Study of Strategies of the EU and U.S. in relation to Combat with Terrorism
Ardeshir SanaieUp sep.11, 2011 terrorist attacks to world trade organization (WTO) as most effective terrorist attacks which was regarded as turning point at international relations: the issue of terrorism was changed into security agenda. In fact sep.11,2001 terrorist attacks: the MoreUp sep.11, 2011 terrorist attacks to world trade organization (WTO) as most effective terrorist attacks which was regarded as turning point at international relations: the issue of terrorism was changed into security agenda. In fact sep.11,2001 terrorist attacks: the issue of terrorism was changed into factor in the way of formation to foreign policy of some countries and in the field of international policy: each country based on its values and norms fight against asymmetric threats and terrorism and selected specific strategy. In his way following up sep.11, 2011 terrorist attacks in U.S.A the doctrine of war against terrorism and combat with mass destruction weapons was compiled by neoconservative party. E.U. approved strategy of combat with mass destruction weapons: which resulted in coalition of great worlds powers against terrorism. In the way of combat with terrorism, Sep.11, 2011 terrorist attacks prepared suitable grounds for attacks of U.S.A to Afghanistan in year 2001 and following up attack to Iraq in year 2003 without accompany of EU countries such as: France and Germany and regardless to U.N. which resulted in great gap between relations of EU beyond Atlantic region and U.S.A in the field of combat with terrorism. In the present research it is dealt with this question that: What is similarity and difference among strategies of EU and U.S.A in relation to combat with terrorism? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
737 - Opportunities and Challenges of Nation-Building in Afghanistan for Iran
Mohammadjavad Haghshenas Omran YousefiAbstract With respect of being in Iran strategic environment, Afghanistan is one of the most important components of it. Iran’s strategic environment is such as that Afghanistan has become one of it’s the most important members so that after the enforced wa MoreAbstract With respect of being in Iran strategic environment, Afghanistan is one of the most important components of it. Iran’s strategic environment is such as that Afghanistan has become one of it’s the most important members so that after the enforced war, Afghanistan has made the most important security problems for Iran. Each group with ideological idea in Afghanistan is resulted in security problems for Iran. Being of western countries especially United States of America in the region, has promoted the border sensitivities between Iran and Afghanistan. Being of western forces in Afghanistan, has brought opportunities and problems for Iran, this paper is going to investigate these problem and opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
738 - The U. S. Foreign Policy and Failure of Obama’s Promises and Slogans in the Election
Mohammadali Khosravi Asghar Imani Abstract This paper examines the impact of the United States of America Barack Obama on foreign policy with the slogan of change strategies in the American presidential election and the views of conservative and neoconservative parties are analyzed in terms of More Abstract This paper examines the impact of the United States of America Barack Obama on foreign policy with the slogan of change strategies in the American presidential election and the views of conservative and neoconservative parties are analyzed in terms of Western liberal’s thoughts which affected by extreme Zionists capitalist in the politics of America's hegemony outside its boundaries. America's new government is also looking at changes in the electoral failure Obama administration's foreign policy is inevitably, some of the priorities of United States foreign policy objective of a comprehensive approach to a multilateral approach objective, the smart change to. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
739 - A Survey on Iran-U.S Relationship in the light of the Strategic Culture
Soheil Godarzi Ahmad Soltaninejad Mostafa Zahrani Mohsen EslamiAbstract: Describing the dominant patterns of Iran-U.S relations after triumph of the Islamic revolution and even explanation of current situation between the two states through conventional foreign policy and international politics will lead to inefficient and inadequa MoreAbstract: Describing the dominant patterns of Iran-U.S relations after triumph of the Islamic revolution and even explanation of current situation between the two states through conventional foreign policy and international politics will lead to inefficient and inadequate researches. Although describing the historical facts and using realistic analyses to explain current non war- non peace situation are beneficent, but could not elucidate continuity of hostility situation between Iran and the United States. Analysis of this Iran-U.S extensive conflict and hostility requires focusing on material structures of power and geopolitical contrast in one hand and regarding the cognitive and nonmaterial fundamentals of action on the other hand. Without a doubt, current pattern of Iran-U.S relationship Influenced by both mentioned factors; this reciprocal process of impact with material and non-material elements of power and security have described this issue as a unsolved multi-faceted and multi-layered conflict. It seems that strategic culture framework as a pattern that mutually respect to state's objective, measurable and visible act alongside non material and invisible structures of practice can be useful to explain dimensions and causes of Iran-U.S conflict. According to this, the main agenda of this article is to illustrate a more detailed image about Iran-U.S conflict through a comparative Survey on elements and components of two state's strategic culture, with respect to significant security aspects of this conflict. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
740 - International Law and Terrorism Issue
Kabak Khabiri Maral DarbandiAbstract ُSecurity Council of the United Nation Organization, as the only place which has legal right and is authorized to use force in the international interactions. Important developments have occurred in multilateral international treaties between the Convention fo MoreAbstract ُSecurity Council of the United Nation Organization, as the only place which has legal right and is authorized to use force in the international interactions. Important developments have occurred in multilateral international treaties between the Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of Terrorism of 1937 and the Inter- American Convention against Terrorism of 2002. This article attempts to explore the question of changes which is occurred, as well as whether these laws have been an effective legal response in combating terrorism. After differentiating between comprehensive and sectoral conventions and between universal and regional conventions, the article comparatively analyzes them based on definitions of offenses, the extent of criminalization, exceptions concerning scope of application, measures to be taken by the states parties, obligatory and optional jurisdiction, obligations of states in the sphere of legal cooperation and assistance, rights of the offender, extradition, exceptions from extradition or legal assistance, and issues not covered by the conventions. Solutions proved to be the most effective against international terrorism and discrepancies and overlaps between the conventions are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
741 - Iran’s Relations with the UN after Victory of the Islamic Revolution
Mostafa Maleki Mojtaba BabaeiAbstract The record of Iran’s relations with the United Nations after the victory of the 1979 Islamic Revolution shows that Iran is currently not playing an active and effective role which it deserves in the UN. This is to a certain degree the result of the MoreAbstract The record of Iran’s relations with the United Nations after the victory of the 1979 Islamic Revolution shows that Iran is currently not playing an active and effective role which it deserves in the UN. This is to a certain degree the result of the policies of Iranian politicians toward the UN as well as efforts by world powers to prevent Iran from having an effective role at the international level. Nevertheless, the lack of a long-term, integrated strategy with carefully-designed targets to promote Iran’s position in the UN as well as the failure of Iranian politicians to use the country’s capabilities in lobbying over key issues in international institutions have also contributed significantly to a decreased role in the UN. The present article tries to study the current status of Iran in the UN and review the challenges and barriers that are blocking Iran from having an effective role in international institutions. It will also to look into the solutions to promote Iran’s positions in the UN. This is particularly significant from the viewpoint of Iran’s policy “to have a targeted and effective role in regional and international organizations and change the current norms in global relations based on Islamic values”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
742 - Analysis of the content of the national security strategy of the United States of America towards the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2021)
Hossein Mozneb Mohammad Reza Ghaedi Reza SimberAfter World War II, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States of America has always claimed supremacy in the international system and has explained its foreign policies based on the national security strategy in every presidential term. On the MoreAfter World War II, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States of America has always claimed supremacy in the international system and has explained its foreign policies based on the national security strategy in every presidential term. On the other hand, the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a regional superpower, has been able to create a new form of regional order with its material and spiritual influence in West Asian countries. The conflict between the interests of the United States and Iran raises the question that the national security strategies of the United States of America during the years 2001-2021 have become in practice what strategies have they turned into in relation to Iran? In response to the proposed hypothesis, "The United States of America, by adopting its aggressive national security strategies towards Iran, is seeking to limit Iran's interests in the international system so that it can increase its interests and finally become the supreme hegemon in The international system should be transformed." After examining the sources of the first category indicators (economic and security strategies) with the method of integrated content analysis (quantitative and qualitative), the results showed: America initially follows the policy of changing Iran's behavior and containment, and then the policy of engagement and pressure And finally, it turned into containment and behavior change, and in order to implement these strategies during this period, it has imposed more and more diverse sanctions against Iran every year Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
743 - Common Property Resources as Village Ecosystem Service Center in Drylands of Rajasthan, India
Mahesh Kumar Gaur R. Goyal Shiran K. -
Open Access Article
744 - Plant Species Diversity Response to Animal Grazing Intensity in Semi-Steppe Rangelands
Roholah Zeynivand Majid Ajorlo Ali Ariapour -
Open Access Article
745 - Social Responsibility and Rangelands Conservation: An Investigation on Mobile Pastoralists in Golestan Province, Iran
Bahareh Behmanesh Ahmad Abedi Sarvestani Hossein Barani Mohammad Reza Shahraki Majid Mohammad Esmaeili -
Open Access Article
746 - A Simulation Model for Estimating Herbage Standing Crop and Grazing Capacity in Sar Ali-Abad Summer Rangelands of Golestan Province, Iran
Ali Hosseini Nafise Fakhar izadi Mansoor Mesdaghi -
Open Access Article
747 - Rangeland Biodiversity: Status, Challenges and Opportunities Review
Teshome Gemechu Chawicha Gemedo Dalle Tussie -
Open Access Article
748 - Determination of Suitable Lands for Sowing Alkaligrass Puccinellia distans (Case Study: Agh-Ghala Rangelands, Golestan Province, Iran)
Hamid Niknahad Gharmakher Azadeh Mohammadi Gonbadi Chooghi Bairam Komaki Farhad Honardoust -
Open Access Article
749 - Study of the Morphometric Characteristics of Nebkhas and the Amount of Accumulated Sand in Nitraria schoberi Type in Mighan Playa Arak, Iran
Hamid Toranjzar Azadeh Fathi Abbas Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
750 - Effects of Topographical Factors on Distribution of Plant Communities in Semi-Steppe Grasslands (Case Study: Ghorkhud Region, Northern Khorasan Province, Iran)
Negin Nodehi Mousa Akbarlou Adel Sepehry Hasan Vahid -
Open Access Article
751 - Contexts of US Changing position in post-Cold War: From a historical sociological perspective
Mehdi Zibaei Shahla NajafiAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union and the success of the United States International Coalition outside Iraq's expulsion from Kuwait in the 1990s, the groundwork was laid for the formation of a US-led unipolar system in the international arena. In this regard, the t MoreAfter the collapse of the Soviet Union and the success of the United States International Coalition outside Iraq's expulsion from Kuwait in the 1990s, the groundwork was laid for the formation of a US-led unipolar system in the international arena. In this regard, the then President of the United States of America George Herbert Walker Bush (1988-1992) in a speech used the term "New World Order" to indicate the beginning of a new chapter in political relations based on American supremacy in the international arena, including It was a sentence. Had. However, the emergence of China as an emerging power and the non-implementation of its regional policies in the Middle East over the last two decades is an inadequate indication of US power over the desired order. Now the question is, what have been the factors underlying the decline of the US government over the last three decades? The analysis of historical facts shows a set of results of the development of the neoliberal economy worldwide (deepening poverty in the region), international environmental developments (unexpected results of the globalization process), incorrect goals (biased support for Israel), miscalculations. The invasion of Iraq, etc., which sometimes dates back to before the end of the Cold War, has weakened the US position in the international arena in general and in appearance in particular. In the light of the theory of historical sociology of international relations, the present intends to examine the change in US regional writing over the past few decades. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
752 - Investigating the Impact of Business Unit Lifetime (Company Age) in Multidimensional Analysis Method for Predicting Legal Credit Risk of Legal Purchase (Case Study of Commercial Banks)
Neda Razmi ali laalbar Soleyman Hasan nejadThe study of the economic system at the international level shows the fact that there is always a close relationship between investment and the level of economic development of countries. This means that countries with an efficient model in allocating capital to differe MoreThe study of the economic system at the international level shows the fact that there is always a close relationship between investment and the level of economic development of countries. This means that countries with an efficient model in allocating capital to different economic sectors, often have higher economic development and consequently social welfare. This is a study of commercial banks. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of business unit life (company age) in a multidimensional analysis method to predict the credit risk of legal customers (studied by commercial banks) and the analysis was reviewed and the desired results were presented. .In general, according to the useful results obtained from the statistical test, which indicates 85% accuracy of the multidimensional analysis model of preferences in mode A and indicates the absence of errors on average in mode B.Therefore, it can be concluded that examining the lifespan of a business unit can increase the accuracy of the above model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
753 - The Relevance between Accounting Variables and Stock Return Based on the Stock Returns Model of Zhang
Mohsen Dastgir Neda Taji Rahman SaediIn this research we investigate the relationship between the accounting variables and stock returns based on the equity value model of Zhang. The aim of the paper is to show that stock returns is a function of earning yield, equity capital investment, changes in profita MoreIn this research we investigate the relationship between the accounting variables and stock returns based on the equity value model of Zhang. The aim of the paper is to show that stock returns is a function of earning yield, equity capital investment, changes in profitability, growth opportunities and discount rates. Based on the literature review five hypotheses has been considered and analyzed by simple and multiple regression methods during 2001-2010 in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Empirical results do not confirm the predicted roles of all identified factors. Only there is a direct relation between earning yield and stock returns also there is an inverse relation between changes in discount rates and stock returns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
754 - Investigating the Relationship between Financial Reporting Quality and Capital Intensity and Moderating Role of Growth Opportunities
یحیی حساس یگانه اسماعیل توکل نیاFrom the agency theory perspective, there are various control mechanisms to attenuate information asymmetries and information risk and to enable better supervision of managerial activity that mitigates the opportunistic behavior of managers, such as financial reporting MoreFrom the agency theory perspective, there are various control mechanisms to attenuate information asymmetries and information risk and to enable better supervision of managerial activity that mitigates the opportunistic behavior of managers, such as financial reporting quality and disclosure. Several studies have analyzed some of information asymmetries and information risk attenuate effects, such as the reduction of the cost of capital and cost of debt and access to the debt market and the effect on its conditions, i.e., lower cost, higher debt maturity and lower guarantees in bank financing. This study, examines the impact of financial reporting quality and growth opportunities on the capital intensity. The sample of this study, includes 134 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1392-1396 and for processing and testing hypotheses, panel data methodology is used. The results show that financial reporting quality has negative impact on the capital intensity. Also, it shows that growth opportunity decreases negative impact of financial reporting quality on capital intensity. Therefore designed conceptual model is confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
755 - The Relationship between the Product Market Competition and Information Asymmetry; Structural Equation Modeling Approach
اکبر کنعانی رضوان حجازی مهرداد قنبری بابک جمشیدی نویدSince competition in the product market is one of the factors influencing the decisions of managers and investors, it is therefore considered as an important component in the reduction of information asymmetry in terms of insiders and outsiders decision making.The purpo MoreSince competition in the product market is one of the factors influencing the decisions of managers and investors, it is therefore considered as an important component in the reduction of information asymmetry in terms of insiders and outsiders decision making.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of competition in product market on information asymmetry.The statistical population of this research is the companies accepted in the TSE by using structural equation modeling approach. In order to measure the level of competition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and to measure the information asymmetry, Bid-Ask criteria and firm size, earning forecast error and growth opportunities was used. After assuring the ability to measure the information asymmetry variable by the indicated indicators as well as the appropriate fit for the measurement and structural model of the research, the results indicate that the level of competition in the product market has a significant effect on the information asymmetry. In other words, with increasing competition in the product market, information asymmetry decreases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
756 - The Semantics of the Word "Ahl" in the Holy Quran, and the Study and Explanation of Ahl al-Kitab in the verse of unity (verse 64 of Al-Imran)
Zahra Aghababaei Hossin Moradi Mohammad Hossin Saeibi Frhad EdrisiThe word "Ahl" is one of the most widely used words in Quran; along with its derivatives, it has been used more than 125 times. This breadth of use of this word in the Holy Quran and its combination with other words and Quranic concepts indicates the special place of th MoreThe word "Ahl" is one of the most widely used words in Quran; along with its derivatives, it has been used more than 125 times. This breadth of use of this word in the Holy Quran and its combination with other words and Quranic concepts indicates the special place of the word and the need to study its semantics. One of the important combinations of the word "Ahl" is its combination with the word "Kitab". Ahl al-Kitab, ot the People of the Book, are those to whom the scripture belongs. In this article, we try to discuss the lexical and idiomatic meaning of "Ahl" and "Ahl al-Kitab" in the verse of unity using a descriptive method to explain them by reflecting on different dimensions of the word "Ahl" and understanding its semantic domains and to deal with the revelatory concept of the subject of Ahl al-Kitab, its Quranic uses, and its examples in the Holy Qur'an. It is noteworthy that according to verse 64 of Al-Imran, God wants Muslims to unite and show solidarity with the People of the Book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
757 - Christian Trinity on the Scales of Quoranic Judgment Quran
mahmud GhayumzadehOne of the issues in the words of Christianity and Islam and the centrism of religious contexts in these two religions that have been investigated is unity. The vagueness in the belief of unity in Christianity regarding trinity has added to the complexity and importance MoreOne of the issues in the words of Christianity and Islam and the centrism of religious contexts in these two religions that have been investigated is unity. The vagueness in the belief of unity in Christianity regarding trinity has added to the complexity and importance of the issue. The Quran explicitly denies referring to "Trinity" and distortion in the unity that has been formed over time by the Christians to explicitly deny and refutes this with a critical attitude. Quoran also voids trinity theology and belief in having a son by God, divinity and being born by God in Christianity in some of the verses and proves that this belief is blasphomy and polytheism. The present study, based on the Quran, proves the blasphemous word of trinity with ten rational and traditional reasons, with the aim of saving the Christianity followers from trinity and polytheism and prove their integrity to following the undistorted Bible and Jesus Christ. The research method is descriptive-analytic and it uses the data gathered by studying the revealed books in Islam and Christianity and the commentary presented by the scientists in these religions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
758 - َHolding Fast (E'tesaam) in the Interpretation of the two Islamic Religious Sectors and its Role in the Creation of Unification and Avoidance from Schism
ayoub shafeiUnification, being together and solidarity have long been considered as necessities of any society. Since the Holy Quran is a perfect program for the human beings’ lives, the present study deals with the elaboration of the emphases on unification and prohibition o MoreUnification, being together and solidarity have long been considered as necessities of any society. Since the Holy Quran is a perfect program for the human beings’ lives, the present study deals with the elaboration of the emphases on unification and prohibition of schism based on a descriptive-analytical method through employing those of the Holy Quran’s verses in which the term “holding fast” (E'tesaam) has been introduced; next, the interpretations of the term in various Shiite and Sunni resources will be put forth followed by pinpointing the resources in which the phrase “holding fast to the God’s cord” (E'tesaam bi hablolah) has been specially approached. It can be understood through contemplation over the Holy Quran’s texts and interpretations thereof that the entire Holy Quran’s verses in which the term “holding fast” has been used and also the schism, dispute and discrepancy have been prohibited are revealed in Medina and point to the issue that holding fast to the God’s cord and resorting to the God and His religion are amongst the primary reasons and important factors giving rise to the Muslims’ strength and the establishment of an independent Islamic government. Holding fast to the God’s cord is a way for strengthening and getting robust, obeying God, unification of the Islamic nation and the Muslims’ esteem and, on the contrary, schism, dispute and discrepancy are causes contributing to the separation of the Islamic nation, weakness and looseness of them and, eventually, the enemies’ takeover of them. Obedience to the divine orders and directives, being guided towards the straight and right path, entering the mercy of God and acquiring the God’s benevolence, accompanying the believers and choosing their friendship in this and the other world are inter alia the most important outcomes of holding fast to the God’s cord; in opposite, taking the semblance of the Kaafirs (the unbelievers in God) of the prior nations, the weakening and looseness of the Islamic nation, entering the circle of polytheism and the abhorrence of the God’s great apostle (may Allah bestow him and his sacred progeny with the best of His regards) of the ones who caused sequestrations in the religion are amongst the outcomes of discrepancy and schism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
759 - Security Constrained Unit Commitment in the Simultaneous Presence of Demand Response Sources and Electric Vehicles
javad nikoukar Majid Khalili -
Open Access Article
760 - Smart Grid Unit Commitment with Considerations for Pumped Storage Units Using Hybrid GA-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm
Ava Alamatsaz Mohammad Esmaeil Nazari -
Open Access Article
761 - Opportunities and Obstacles in Utilizing the Renewable Electric Power Resources in Iran
Hasan Mobini -
Open Access Article
762 - Flexible Scheduling of Active Distribution Networks for Market Participation with Considering DGs Availability
Milad Hoseinpour M.-R Haghifam -
Open Access Article
763 - Per Unit Coding for Combined Economic Emission Load Dispatch using Smart Algorithms
Naser Ghorbani Ebrahim Babaei Sara Laali Payam Farhadi -
Open Access Article
764 - Online Inertia Constant and Thévenin Equivalent Estimation Using PMU Data
B. Alinejad H. Kazemi Karegar -
Open Access Article
765 - Optimization of the Microgrid Scheduling with Considering Contingencies in an Uncertainty Environment
Saber Talari Mahmoud Reza Haghifam Ali Akhavein -
Open Access Article
766 - Optimal Scheduling of CHP-based Microgrid Under Real-Time Demand Response Program
Hamed Pashaei-Didani Kazem Zare Sayyad Nojavan -
Open Access Article
767 - A Triple State Time Variant Cost Function Unit Commitment with Significant Vehicle to Grid Penetration
Morteza Aien Mahmud Fotuhi Firuzabad -
Open Access Article
768 - Energy Scheduling in Power Market under Stochastic Dependence Structure
Mehdi Farhadkhani -
Open Access Article
769 - The Effects of Electricity Boiler on Integrated CCHP-Thermal-Heat Only Unit Commitment Problem Based on Hybrid GA Approach
Mohammad Esmaeil Nazari -
Open Access Article
770 - Finding Community Base on Web Graph Clustering
Alireza Rezaee Fariba Jahandideh Shekalgourabi2 -
Open Access Article
771 - Unit Commitment in Presence of Wind Power Plants and Energy Storage
Reza Khanzadeh Mahmoud Reza Haghifam -
Open Access Article
772 - A model to evaluate refah bank of television advertising effectiveness with the structural equation modeling approach in community
korosh saeidi Ali akbar farhangi Mohammad SoltanifarThe aim of this paper is to present a model to evaluate the effectiveness of television advertising in society.The main issue is how this research can be presented a comprehensive model to measure the effectiveness of television advertising? What are the dimensions of a MoreThe aim of this paper is to present a model to evaluate the effectiveness of television advertising in society.The main issue is how this research can be presented a comprehensive model to measure the effectiveness of television advertising? What are the dimensions of advertising effectiveness? What is the relationship between these dimensions?? For this purpose, 384 customers of one bank branch Brtratbary well as sample was selected using multi-stage sampling.The questionnaires were used to measure advertising effectiveness fun size, content, communication, emotional response to advertising, Aad, interest in the brand, brand awareness and brand perception evaluate And reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of reliability was examined by exploratory factor analysis The research is descriptive and correlational results obtained using structural equation modeling showed TV ads that make a significant difference in the attitudes of the audience to the advertising and In fact audiences to advertisers advertising on attitude, interest in the brand,brand awareness and perception of the brand and even more reluctant to buy influence.According to the results at the end of the conceptual model, the researchers were acceptable proposals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
773 - Sociological analysis of the challenges and opportunities associated with social tolerance among citizens of Tehran using structural equation modeling (Amos)
parvaneh bayatei esmaeel jahanbakhsh shapoor bbehyanSocial Tolerance is a fundamental concept in the field of social interactions, and as some thinkers have emphasized, constructive and positive interactions are the foundation of social processes. The present study aimed to explore the challenges and opportunities associ MoreSocial Tolerance is a fundamental concept in the field of social interactions, and as some thinkers have emphasized, constructive and positive interactions are the foundation of social processes. The present study aimed to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with social tolerance among 18-70 year-olds in Tehran. The research method was survey and the statistical population consisted of all citizens of Tehran. Using the Cochran formula, 384 people were selected. A stratified sampling method was used to sample the population. According to the characteristics of the statistical society, this method was performed in a multi-stage and proportional manner. In order to measure the social dependency variable, a 57-item questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling software (Emulsoft Software Version 23). The status of absolute, adaptive and An attempt was made to make the necessary modifications acceptable for the final model. Findings show that there is a meaningful and direct relation between independent variables, religiosity (P = 0.169), social trust (P = 0.510), assertiveness values (P = .152), and security feeling (P = .123) with variables Affiliated with social tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
774 - Sociological Analysis of Religious Tastes of the Iranian People
abolfazl ahmadi Mehrdad Navabakhsh Abdolreza AdhmiThis article is an exploratory research that seeks to explain the role of taste in the religious practices and practices of people in the society; for this purpose, by studying the documents, using the purposeful and selective inference, with 15 people from the seminary MoreThis article is an exploratory research that seeks to explain the role of taste in the religious practices and practices of people in the society; for this purpose, by studying the documents, using the purposeful and selective inference, with 15 people from the seminary of Tehran And Qom also conducted a deep and semi-structured interview and the collected data was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis method. Some of the findings of this study are: Islamic customs and practices are of the taste of the religion, in such a way that individuals, in the light of their inner desires and attitudes, are placed in the religious and religious communities and can increase their religious capital by Choosing religious practices and practices that are fit for their inner taste and preferences will fulfill their religious duties with pleasure and reflect religious values in society. Therefore, the behavior that falls within the scope of the religious demands of the people is the same as the Islamic customs that have a social image and, from the point of view of the cognitive society, are also objectified to the taste and taste of individuals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
775 - Paradigm analysis of the production-oriented policies in Iranian oil & gas industry and the impacts on the local communities (Case of Study: Darkhovein local inhabitant)
Shahram Farzi mansor vosooghiDarkhovein oil field local community, along last century. have been encountered to sugarcane industries, nuclear power plant and oil and gas industries as three iconic symbols of the industrial development. The production-oriented policies domination, has had the enviro MoreDarkhovein oil field local community, along last century. have been encountered to sugarcane industries, nuclear power plant and oil and gas industries as three iconic symbols of the industrial development. The production-oriented policies domination, has had the environmental, social, cultural and political implications and caused accumulation of claims and unheard voices of the inhabitants of this geopolitical region. In the current essay by applying Grounded Theory (GT) approach among the oil industry officials and staff, we made an effort to give an explanation to the present status. The policies adopted by oil industry practitioners have been identified in four paradigm models: distrust, ignorance, interest preferences (short-term, individual, organizational) and conditional interaction and within them the Alienation, as the core phenomena, has been emerged. These policies, along with factors such as the lack of, the socio-cultural-environmental context of projects, the newness and lack of integrated implementation of corporate social responsibility(CSR) as well as the normative pressure of the local and corporate subcultures, have yielded various results and affected on the local community both social and individual dimensions. At social dimension,, consequences have led destruction of the traditional economy, the disruption of Indigenous knowledge, pollution and environmental degradation, increasing ethnic-security tensions.َAt individual dimension phenomena as life time job-seeking, feeling hopelessness- inefficiency- powerlessness -isolation, and dependency with mutual distrust have been emerged. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
776 - Analysis of the Impact of Business External Environment Components on Manufacturing-Commercial Performance of Industrial Units in Ardabil Province
Ali Nazari sheikh Ahmad fathi soroush Mostafa Azkiathe external business environment is composed of numerous external elements outside the organization and generally business managers are incapable of fully recognizing and exercising control over them. However, this environment and its components influence the decisions Morethe external business environment is composed of numerous external elements outside the organization and generally business managers are incapable of fully recognizing and exercising control over them. However, this environment and its components influence the decisions of business managers and their performance. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of the components of the business external environment on the performance of industrial units in Ardabil province. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this study was all managers of industrial units in Ardabil province. The minimum sample size for completing the questionnaires of this research was 184 entrepreneurs and was randomly selected and the questionnaire was distributed among them. The validity of the research instrument was calculated using the confirmatory factor analysis model and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SMART PLS software using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. Findings showed that the business external environment has a significant and positive effect on the production-commercial performance of industrial units. Also, the research findings indicated that the components of political and legal environment, economic environment, cultural and social environment and technological environment have a significant effect on the productive-commercial performance of industrial units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
777 - The role of police-society media interaction in achieving security and cooperative order Study case of Tabriz metropolis
Nosrat Gorbaniyan soroush Fathi egbaleh azizkhaniToday, crime statistics show the increase and complexity of all kinds of crimes in the world. Although one of the most common methods of providing social security is the use of coercive factors: but experience has proven that despite the rapid availability of security o MoreToday, crime statistics show the increase and complexity of all kinds of crimes in the world. Although one of the most common methods of providing social security is the use of coercive factors: but experience has proven that despite the rapid availability of security of this type, its stability and durability are few and insignificant. The stability and sustainability of security can only be achieved through its institutionalization in a society, a sense of participation and public responsibility for social security. The purpose of the current research is to "investigate the role of police-society media interaction in achieving security and participatory order in the metropolis of Tabriz". The quantitative research method is a survey type and at the causal level. The statistical population is the citizens of Tabriz over 15 years old, which is a total of 1.593.373 people. The sample size was 720 people based on Cochran's formula and the selection was done by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The quantitative research method is a survey type and at the causal level. The tool for collecting information is a questionnaire made by the researcher; Its validity was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha through face validity and reliability experts. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling test with covariance approach was used using AMOS software. The results show that the direct effect of the police-society media interaction variable on cooperative security and order (P < 0.05, Z = 6.878, Z=0.42) is positive and significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
778 - Assessing the level of socio-cultural sustainability in empowering rural communities (Case study: Mountainous villages of East Azerbaijan province)
Mohammad Reza Khakzad Behrouz Mansouri Hassan Sattari Sarbangholirural communities Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Given the issues and problems facing rural communities, the pursuit of sustainabl Morerural communities Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Given the issues and problems facing rural communities, the pursuit of sustainable social development in the form of participation, security, customs and public awareness of the villagers seems a necessity. The advent of modern technology, the change in the production structure, the social and economic indicators of rural life have changed and led to the emergence of social anomalies and migration to cities and the reduction of the young generation and consequently the erosion of rural fabric and housing. East Azerbaijan province, as one of the agricultural hubs of Iran, has 2591 villages. Of these, 1067 villages in the province are located in the mountains, so the statistical population of this study is 1067 villages, of which 25 villages have been selected as a sample that had the necessary characteristics for this study. In this study, to measure social and cultural sustainability, effective indicators and criteria have been identified in mountainous villages. By performing various tests using a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of 21 questions, the impact of social sustainability indicators on Empowerment of rural communities confirms the mountainous area of the province. Therefore, the main question of the present study is that according to the heads of rural households in the mountainous area of East Azerbaijan province, what criteria and indicators in terms of socio-cultural sustainability have the greatest impact on improving the quality of life in ? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
779 - Examining the opportunities and challenges of virtual education on the individual and society in universities with a hybrid approach
maryam afkhami Mohammad Abbas Zadeh mehran samadi javad alipurSince the end of 2018, due to the spread of the Corona pandemic, virtual education, which had started years before that, spread to all universities and educational centers and became widespread, and as a result, researches about it also expanded and various researches o MoreSince the end of 2018, due to the spread of the Corona pandemic, virtual education, which had started years before that, spread to all universities and educational centers and became widespread, and as a result, researches about it also expanded and various researches on various topics about Identification of efficiency and effectiveness, advantages and disadvantages, etc. regarding virtual education was published. Based on this, the aim of this article is to examine the opportunities and challenges of virtual education in universities with a hybrid approach. Based on this, after reviewing numerous articles from various domestic scientific databases, among 194 researches in this field, 19 articles were selected as final sources for review, analysis, interpretation and classification. Based on the results of the current research, the opportunities and challenges of virtual education were categorized and divided into six components, which include: individual, family, university, technical and infrastructure. virtual education, opportunities, challenges, electronic education, Individual and society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
780 - Challenges of localization of criminal enforcement guarantees in Iranian law with emphasis on community-based punishments
Nizamuddin Payami Vahid Zarei Sharif Amir Reza Mahmoudi Atefeh LorkojuriThe aim of this study was to investigate the challenges of localization of criminal enforcement guarantees in Iranian law with emphasis on community-based punishments in Iran as a library study with a descriptive-analytical method. Community-based punishments are punish MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the challenges of localization of criminal enforcement guarantees in Iranian law with emphasis on community-based punishments in Iran as a library study with a descriptive-analytical method. Community-based punishments are punishments that are applied and executed in line with participatory criminal policy in the context of society, not in government institutions and institutions such as prisons and similar institutions. With the increase in the criminal population of prisons and the inefficiency of imprisonment, many efforts have been made in the form of various policies, which can be considered the emergence of community-based punishments as the most obvious of these efforts, which was approved by the Islamic Penal Code on 1/2/2013. Findings. The findings of the study show that community-based punishments face challenges in practice. These challenges are: ; Conflict of the obligation to obtain the consent of the convict and trial in absentia as provided in Article 406 of the Code of Criminal Procedure with Articles 65, 66 and 68 of the Islamic Penal Code; The possibility of issuing two types of public service punishments, the note of Article 64 and Note 3 of Article 84 of the Islamic Penal Code are in conflict with paragraph "d" of Article 23 of the Islamic Penal Code and the specification of Note 2 of this article. Lack of proper structure for coordination between the judiciary and the receiving institutions; And legislative challenges following sentencing 2. Cultural barriers, including: traditionalist judges; The punitive attitudes of the masses; Cultural delay; Lack of adequate manpower. 3. Political barriers that include: ideology and political culture and strictly unscientific criminal policy. Overall Conclusion: Research findings show that the implementation of community-based punishments faces three legal, cultural and political challenges. are Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
781 - Jurisprudential principles of criminal mediation in the field of ta'zir crimes with emphasis on restorative justice
seyedeh samaneh Hoseeyni mohammad Golverdi majid shaygan fardOne of the prominent manifestations of restorative justice is mediation, peace and compromise, which is referred to in the Holy Qur'an as the reform of the essence. The reform of the essence is one of the programs emphasized by Islam in cases of conflict. Which is done MoreOne of the prominent manifestations of restorative justice is mediation, peace and compromise, which is referred to in the Holy Qur'an as the reform of the essence. The reform of the essence is one of the programs emphasized by Islam in cases of conflict. Which is done with the participation of members of the Islamic community (person or third parties who are called mediators) and the active and free participation of the parties to the dispute and seeks to establish peace and reconciliation and friendship between the parties to the dispute through reparation and compensation. This new establishment, with the efforts of jurists and the application of issues related to resolving disputes with the enlightened religion of Islam and jurisprudential texts, as well as a look at the rights of developed countries from the perspective of the judiciary, is gradually included in the legal texts of the country. Also becomes. However, the research findings indicate a significant effect of the use of mediation mechanisms in reducing the volume of cases and also the number of court appeals. Based on this, it can be concluded that mediation based on the Qur'an and Sunnah has a significant role in achieving restorative justice in the criminal proceedings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
782 - Executive Mechanisms and Challenges of Restorative Justice in the Criminal Procedure Code adopted in 2013
Abdul Karim SabzevariRestorative justice seeks to repair the relationship between the offender and the victim with the efforts of the local community, and in our country there is a special and high capacity to implement restorative justice programs. But sometimes restorative justice mechani MoreRestorative justice seeks to repair the relationship between the offender and the victim with the efforts of the local community, and in our country there is a special and high capacity to implement restorative justice programs. But sometimes restorative justice mechanisms face challenges that conflict with the context of criminal litigation because the law somehow protects the victim, and restorative justice seeks to upset this balance and favor the victim in a distinct way. The offender becomes a tool. This also provides a challenge in the implementation process. In addition, in the implementation stages of restorative justice, to implement the teachings of restorative justice, we must form organizations and institutions to implement various methods of restorative justice, which in addition to having guarantees to have adequate budget for compensation, and this makes restorative justice Run at a broader and more desirable level. But if it is on paper, we can not expect more in the implementation process. Restorative justice in the Code of Criminal Procedure approved in 1392 in Articles 82, 83, 84 and 192 has been considered by the legislator. Restorative justice is mediated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
783 - Investigating the Effect of Real Options Resulting from investment opportunities on Stock Return
mostafa Heydari HaratemehIn this study, evidence is presented that shows the positive stock return-volatility relationship at the firm level is due to firm's real options. In the real options theory, it can be deduced: A) that the positive stock return-volatility MoreIn this study, evidence is presented that shows the positive stock return-volatility relationship at the firm level is due to firm's real options. In the real options theory, it can be deduced: A) that the positive stock return-volatility at the firm level for those firms with more real options is much stronger and that the level of the sensitivity of the firm's stock return in response to the changes in the stock return volatility is significantly reduced due to the use of real options. B) that the positive relationship between stock return and return volatility at the firm level for companies that have investment opportunities are stronger. While, this relationship for asset-based companies is weaker. In other words, the return – volatility relationship is stronger for newly established companies, small companies, companies with modern research and development and finally companies with high growth rates. C) that, the relationship between return – volatility for companies that have fewer restrictions and greater capabilities to better respond to uncertain demands (greater flexibility) are much stronger. In the real options models, managerial flexibility leads to greater firm's value convexity function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
784 - Evaluative Image in Social Spaces by Enhancing Collective Memory and Likability in the City (Case Study: The Area of Quds Square to Imamzadeh Hassan in the City of Karaj)
Sara Dasht Gard Maryam AkbariVisual quality can have strong impacts on experience and satisfaction with exposure to the environment. The evaluative image depends on the placement of environmental symptoms and evaluations that shape emotions, perceptions, and behaviors. Effective components such as MoreVisual quality can have strong impacts on experience and satisfaction with exposure to the environment. The evaluative image depends on the placement of environmental symptoms and evaluations that shape emotions, perceptions, and behaviors. Effective components such as time, place, and companionship enhance collective memory and remembering place. Cultural roles are shaped by the mental image and create an antisocial personality for of travelers, buyers, visitors and other people who experience the landscape of the city. Therefore, the presence of cultural - historical spaces in the area of Imamzadeh Hassan to the Quds square, with special potential to create community-oriented spaces, enhance the likability of the place . The research focuses on influencing of the collective manifestation and the continuity of presence on cognitive patterns of urban spaces. The purposes is achieving the guiding framework and create social urban open spaces, so descriptive-analytical method by conducting field studies, identify the quality of event spaces and its necessary facilities and specifications from the perspective of citizens. To strengthen the sense of collective memory in community-based, solutions are provided to establish and produce the necessary conditions. Research finding represent four criterions to identify mental images in collective memory in urban spaces, pleasantness, exciting, anxious and boring are effective in evaluating the quality of space. To create event-oriented spaces at the city level, it is important to identify the relationship of mental images with psychological and sociological criteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
785 - Antecedents and Consequences of Internal Audit Effectiveness and Internal Audit Quality
Hamidreza Ganji seyed rasoul hosayni marzie roozban sara mohamad zadeh niayesh nami fard tehrani AbstractThe Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) Of Iran has considered the mission of the internal audit to provide independent and impartial assurance and consulting services, in order to add value and improve operations. and, in 2013, all listed firms to More AbstractThe Securities and Exchange Organization (SEO) Of Iran has considered the mission of the internal audit to provide independent and impartial assurance and consulting services, in order to add value and improve operations. and, in 2013, all listed firms to the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) and over-the-counter (IFB) has required to form internal audit. The purpose of research is to investigate the impact of effectiveness of internal audit on the quality of internal audit in companies listed in TSE. For this purpose, 12 hypotheses were developed. It is worth mentioning that the "effectiveness of internal audit" variable was classified into three sections including "competence, independence, realism" and "consequences" into three sections including "management support, support and acceptance of the auditor and interdepartmental coordination of internal auditors". It is also worth mentioning that collecting information regarding the "quality of internal audit" variable. due to insufficient disclosure of information, requires to each firms, either the manager or one of the employees of the internal audit or of the committee members was asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of 32 internal audit quality criteria in 2021. The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling using SmartPLS software. Findings show that the records and results of internal audit effectiveness have a positive and significant effect on the quality of internal audit. This study contributes to agency theory by highlighting factors related to internal audit effectiveness and quality audit outcomes to protect the best interests of managers while fulfilling corporate governance requirements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
786 - Explanation of Income Smoothing in terms of Financing and Auditor's Judgment in Companies with Different Investment Opportunities
Omid Sabaghiyan Toosi zahra moradi Shohreh YazdaniAbstractThis study explaining the income smoothing in terms of financing and auditor's judgment in companies with different investment opportunities.The data of 320 companies have been analyzed using eviews econometric software. Through the median value in each investme MoreAbstractThis study explaining the income smoothing in terms of financing and auditor's judgment in companies with different investment opportunities.The data of 320 companies have been analyzed using eviews econometric software. Through the median value in each investment opportunity criteria, the population was classified into two groups of companies with high and low investment opportunities. Then hypotheses were tested using unstructured estimation with (OLS) and (ARMA) methods.Findings shows in companies with high investment opportunities there is a positive relationship between income smoothing and financing that are separated by the MEQLDTA criteria but in the GROWTHPPE criteria was observed a negative relationship. In companies with low investment opportunities there isn't a relationship between income smoothing and financing that are separated by the MB criteria, but in PPEQGMEQLD criteria was observed a negative relationship. The explanatory variables of the auditor's judgment in both groups have an effect on the control of income smoothing.The findings can be used to identify companies with high investment opportunities. In order to achieve the expected return, it is recommended to pay attention to the auditor's judgment and experience in controlling income smoothing and financing method of companies.By comparing the determination coefficients and Durbin Watson's statistics, it was found that in companies with high investment opportunity, the MEQLDTA criteria and in companies with low investment opportunity, the MB criteria are optimal criterias for distinguishing investments opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
787 - Multicultural Teaching Analysis of University lecturers: Opportunities and Challenges
Parvaneh Kahrizi Batool Faqih Aram Alireza Sadeghi Amirhosain Mehdizadeh Hasan ShabaniThe most important educational process of the higher education system is teaching, which has the ability to dynamize the mental and functional dynamics of students of any ethnicity and culture. University lecturers will be able to guide educational disciplines in the pa MoreThe most important educational process of the higher education system is teaching, which has the ability to dynamize the mental and functional dynamics of students of any ethnicity and culture. University lecturers will be able to guide educational disciplines in the path of excellence and purpose by surrounding all the heritage left by Iranian ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to analyze the opportunities and challenges facing the multicultural teaching of university lecturers. The present study is qualitative and has been conducted in Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah province. The study population included curriculum specialists, educational psychologists, sociologists and lecturers who were selected using a snowball sampling method of 27 people. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data analysis method was performed using grounded theory coding method (three methods of open, axial and selective coding).The findings indicated that cognition and awareness, behavioral performance, educational performance as well as teaching performance, content and educational policies are the opportunities and challenges of multicultural teaching from the perspective of lecturers of free universities in Kermanshah province, respectively.Considering the existing challenges for multicultural teaching, it is possible to make optimal use of the existing opportunities, the teaching environment of the studied universities to be multicultural and to strengthen the academic performance of students from different ethnic groups and to guide them in a purposeful way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
788 - Solution of some irregular functional equations and their stability
Y. Sayyari M. Dehghanian Sh. Nasiri -
Open Access Article
789 - On strongly J-clean rings associated with polynomial identity g(x) = 0
H. Haj Seyyed Javadi S. Jamshidvand M. Maleki -
Open Access Article
790 - Hereditary properties of amenability modulo an ideal of Banach algebras
H. Rahimi E. Tahmasebi -
Open Access Article
791 - E-Clean Matrices and Unit-Regular Matrices
Sh. A. Safari Sabet S. Razaghi -
Open Access Article
792 - Stability Analysis of a Staged Progression Susceptibility Model for Infectious Diseases
Jean Pierre II KOUENKAM Gilbert Chendjou Jose MBANG Yves EMVUDU -
Open Access Article
793 - SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENT AND INEFFICIENT UNITS IN INTEGER-VALUED DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
Shokoofeh Banihashemi Ghasem Tohidi Masoud Sanei -
Open Access Article
794 - Investigation of Advertisement Strategies Regarded to Iran's Pistachio
T. Sadeghi R. Sedaghat -
Open Access Article
795 - Evaluating the Present Situation and Suggesting Appropriate Strategies forImproving the Efficiency of Pistachio Distribution Channels of Kerman Province Using SWOT Model
K. Ehsanpour T. Sadeghi R. Sedaghat -
Open Access Article
796 - Determining the export priorities of Iran's petrochemical products to member countries of ECOTA and Eurasia trade agreements
فرزاد کریمی maryam rashidinia hassan ghorbani dinaniThe most important relative advantage of Iran has been the export of crude oil and natural gas for a long time. Considering the raw nature of these products, specialization in the production and export of these products will not have a significant impact on Iran's susta MoreThe most important relative advantage of Iran has been the export of crude oil and natural gas for a long time. Considering the raw nature of these products, specialization in the production and export of these products will not have a significant impact on Iran's sustainable growth. One of the solutions is to infiltrate the downstream industries of these products, the most important of which is the development of the petrochemical industry. In this sense, since the expansion of export markets is considered as one of the important strategies in the field of marketing, the aim of this research is to identify and prioritize the export opportunities of Iran's petrochemical industry products by developing an integrated decision support model - economic complexity, in five countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union. It includes Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, and Armenia, and the member countries of ECOTA trade agreements include Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Turkey.the current research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of data collection, and a mixed type of research. The statistical population of the research was formed by the member countries of ECO and Eurasia trade agreements during the period of 2014 to 2021. First, in order to identify the factors affecting the development of export opportunities, using a questionnaire and a fuzzy Delphi model, based on the opinions of experts working in the private sector and petrochemical companies, experts working in specialized government jobs of the Ministry of Health, and academic experts, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
797 - Effect of Income Inequality on Consumption Expenditure Inequality in Iran, 1982-2007
M.H. Fotros R. MaaboudiOn the basis of macroeconomic consumption theories, consumption behavior as compared to income is more stable. Overtime income inequality that is, appeared as fluctuation and dispersion in income, would affect consumption expenditure. In this paper the extent of consump MoreOn the basis of macroeconomic consumption theories, consumption behavior as compared to income is more stable. Overtime income inequality that is, appeared as fluctuation and dispersion in income, would affect consumption expenditure. In this paper the extent of consumption expenditure inequality that are caused by income fluctuation and dispersion was analyzed. The inequalitiesof household consumption expenditure were analyzed for eight goods and services categories. Urban household budget panel data for the years of 1982 to 2007 were used and causal relationship between the variables analyzed. The results showed that not all of the fluctuation and dispersion in income were transferred to consumption expenditure. Therefore, consumption expenditure was less dispersed than income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
798 - Effect of supplemental irrigation on yield and yield components and correlation between varieties cultivated in spring chickpea
Farideh Maleki Amin Maleki Farzad Mirzayi To study the effects of supplemental irrigation and varieties on yield and other morphological traits, peas, experimental research farm in 1389 in agricultural research stations were run Boroujerd. Irrigation including irriga More To study the effects of supplemental irrigation and varieties on yield and other morphological traits, peas, experimental research farm in 1389 in agricultural research stations were run Boroujerd. Irrigation including irrigation at flowering stage, flowering and pod + pods week week and pea varieties include Vision, free and Hashem split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design in three replicates were compared. In this study, irrigation at flowering stage performance + highest pods week (3 / 1458 kilograms per hectare) compared to other irrigation in the experiment was. the figures ideals and free performance and more characters other significant difference and superiority to figure Hashem had. the study of stepwise regression characteristics variables, economic performance, harvest index and gap formation of the first pod from the soil surface with R2 = 0 / 996 Most justify produced models for the dependent variable yield biologically had entered the model. Also, for dependent variable economic performance, harvest index, biological yield, distance form the first pod from the soil surface and pods in the main stem with R2 = 0 / 998 into the regression model was. Analysis of the path indicated that the economic performance of most direct impact and gap formation of the first pod from the soil surface less direct effect and the highest indirect effect on the performance of biological showed. Analysis of correlation indicated that the most significant correlation between biological and economic performance is performance. Also with all the traits of biological functions and economic performance had a significant positive correlation. Among these traits, traits hollow pods negative correlation with other traits and meaningful self-revealed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
799 - Food Additives, Benefits, and Side Effects: A Review Article
Armineh Lalani Nima Pouyani Ali Askari Shohreh Tavajohi Sholeh Akbari Emad Jafarzadeh -
Open Access Article
800 - Post COVID Vaccination Experience among the United Arab Emirates General Public
Tasnim Alomar Mirza Rafi Baig Hanan S. AnbarThe study aimed to investigate the experience of the general public in the United Arab Emirates post-COVID-19 vaccines in order to find out the long-term side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of vaccinated individuals i MoreThe study aimed to investigate the experience of the general public in the United Arab Emirates post-COVID-19 vaccines in order to find out the long-term side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of vaccinated individuals in the United Arab Emirates. A total of 500 respondents completed the survey. Twenty participants (4.7%) expressed concerns about either registering or receiving the COVID-19 vaccination, mainly due to their uncertainty about vaccine safety. 58.8% of the participants who have received Pfizer vaccine have received Sinopharm, Pfizer, or both vaccines together. Of them, 78.6% had experienced vaccine-related side effects. The most common side effects are pain/swelling at the injection site, muscle pain, tiredness, fever, headache, shivering, feeling unwell, and joint pain. Similarly, only 5.4% reported health problems after vaccination while 94.6% did not have any after vaccination. In the same way, only 3.6% developed a new disease after the COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, 3% reported having contacts who experienced health problems/new diseases after vaccination. Overall, attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine were positive. Several differences in the incidence and number of vaccine-related adverse events experienced were due to age, sex, and vaccine type. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
801 - Selecting the optimal model for impact of external financing variables on voluntary discretionary accruals in companies with high and low investment opportunities
Omid Sabaghiyan Toosi Zahra Moradi Shohreh YazdaniPurpose: This study explaining the effect of external financing on voluntary discretionary accruals in companies with high and low investment opportunities. In this research, the data of 320 companies during the years 2011-2021 have been analyzed using eviews econometri MorePurpose: This study explaining the effect of external financing on voluntary discretionary accruals in companies with high and low investment opportunities. In this research, the data of 320 companies during the years 2011-2021 have been analyzed using eviews econometric software.Methodology: To test the sub-hypotheses using the middle of 4 methods (MEQLDTA), (MB), (EQGMEQLD) and (Growth PPE), the statistical population was classified into two groups of companies with high and low investment opportunities. Then the hypotheses were tested using unstructured estimation and ordinary least squares (OLS) methods and maximum likelihood logarithm (ARMA).Findings: Results of group hypotheses: There is a positive significate relationship between the use of voluntary discretionary accruals and external financing in companies with high investment opportunities, that are separated by MEQLDTA method and there is a negative significate relationship with GROWTHPPE method, but there is a no significate relationship in other methods. Results of group hypotheses: There is a negative significate relationship between the use of voluntary discretionary accruals and external financing in companies with low investment opportunities, that are separated by PPEQGMEQLD method and there is a positive significate relationship with GROWTHPPE method, but there is a no significate relationship in other methods. Based on and D-W coefficients, optimal models were selected in companies with high and low investment opportunities..Originality / Value: To achieve the optimal investment opportunities, it is recommended to pay attention to the company's financing method in high and low investment opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
802 - Effective specific corporate characteristics on the stock price crash risk
Nahad Behzadi Jamal Bahri Sales Saeid Jabbarzadeh Kangarluei Younes Badavar NahandiPurpose: In order to explain stock price crash risk as an index to measure asymmetry in risk, despite its importance in portfolio analysis and pricing of capital assets, no model has been designed. At the same time, it is very necessary to identify effective factors on MorePurpose: In order to explain stock price crash risk as an index to measure asymmetry in risk, despite its importance in portfolio analysis and pricing of capital assets, no model has been designed. At the same time, it is very necessary to identify effective factors on stock price crash risk in Tehran Stock Exchange, which is a nascent, inefficient and developing market, because this risk is an inhibiting factor in attracting financial resources in capital market. Therefore, in present research, it has been investigated effective specific corporate characteristics on stock price crash risk.Methodology: In this research, data of 127 companies during period of 2011 to 2021 was used and for analysis, structural equation modeling was used in PLS 3 software. Research variables (except dummy variables) have been entered into model in decimal form. Specific corporate characteristics include growth opportunity, agency cost, size, performance and risk of the company, and two measures of the negative skewness coefficient of the stock return and fluctuation of the specific weekly return of the company have been used to measure stock price crash risk.Findings: findings indicate that effect of growth opportunity, size and performance of company on stock price crash risk was negative and significant, and effect of agency costs was positive and significant. Meanwhile, stock price crash risk has been independent of company's risk.Originality / Value: findings of the research showed that the stock price crash risk was independent of other company risks. Therefore, this issue should be considered by investors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
803 - Explanation of the comprehensive pattern of bankruptcy
Somayyeh Imani Mohammad Javad Tasaddi KariPurpose: Since the economic cycle of any country depends on the continuity and survival of the reporting units of that country, this research aims to provide a comprehensive model to predict the bankruptcy of the reporting units with the aim of timely warning to prevent MorePurpose: Since the economic cycle of any country depends on the continuity and survival of the reporting units of that country, this research aims to provide a comprehensive model to predict the bankruptcy of the reporting units with the aim of timely warning to prevent its occurrence.Methodology: The current research is qualitative. The data was analyzed and weighted by analyzing the content of the results of previous researches obtained through the Delphi-Fuzzy method. The statistical population of the present study also includes 17 university professors and financial managers of the reporting units, who were selected by the purposeful and theoretical sampling method and by the snowball technique.Results: The results show that among the four identified factors, the characteristics of the reporting units are the best criteria in determining the bankruptcy of the reporting units. Also, from the sub-factors of financial ratios, the ratio of net profit to sales; Among the characteristic sub-factors of the reporting units, the management system; Among the sub-factors of the environmental factor, the way of financing, and among the sub-factors of individual characteristics, the expertise of managers are considered as the best factors in determining the bankruptcy of the reporting units.Originality / Value: Considering the lack of convergence of the results of previous researches, in the current research, an attempt has been made to look for the convergence of the existing factors based on the cases identified in the field of bankruptcy, in order to identify the factors that have more weight in determining bankruptcy, with more comprehensiveness and the least amount of error in the results. Obtained more reliable. The results of this research can provide the basis for managers and investors to pay attention to the key factors affecting the occurrence of bankruptcy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
804 - Growth opportunity and investment policy considering the role of managerial incentives in Iran's capital market
Meysam DoaeiObjective: This study examines the relationship between growth opportunities and investment policy, considering the role of managerial incentives within a sample of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the Iran Fara Bourse. Methodology: This research is appl MoreObjective: This study examines the relationship between growth opportunities and investment policy, considering the role of managerial incentives within a sample of firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the Iran Fara Bourse. Methodology: This research is applied in goal, quantitative in data type, inductive in logic, and descriptive-correlational in its implementation. Using library resources, relationships between variables were tested using correlation models and multiple regression with a dynamic panel approach. Initially, data collected were organized and processed in Excel, and subsequently, the R statistical software was employed for data analysis. Findings: Statistical analysis and regression estimates indicate that there is a significant relationship between growth opportunities and investment in both tangible and intangible assets. Furthermore, managerial incentives moderate the relationship between growth opportunities and investments in both types of assets. Originality/Scientific Value: The innovation of this research lies in identifying the role of managerial incentives in the relationship between growth opportunities and investment policy in Iran's capital market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
805 - Environmental Analysis of the International Wetland of Parishan on the Basis of the SWOT Management Model
سمیه اردو فریدون عوفیThis paper has performed in order to evaluate the ecological and environmental study of the sensitive area as the international wetland of Parishan in emphasis on species and habitat varieties. The Parishan wetland is the widest wetland among all of the permanent freshw MoreThis paper has performed in order to evaluate the ecological and environmental study of the sensitive area as the international wetland of Parishan in emphasis on species and habitat varieties. The Parishan wetland is the widest wetland among all of the permanent freshwater lagoons in Iran. It was registered in Ramsar convention as the international wetland. Parishan wetland is a part of protective places by area classification in Iran. Having the biological and habitat varieties, weird herbal and animal distributions cause this area to be unique and sensitive ecological place. By climate change and droughts, it is in the worst condition on the view of ecological issues. It was limited to small marginal pools temporarily. With regards to special species, unique herbals, sensitive and vulnerable settlements, ecotourism issues, this research shows that the most important issue in the international wetland of Parishan are climate change and drought in these years which have influenced the bio andndash; habitat variety and herbal animal distributions. On the basis of the results of this research, the international wetland of Parishan has the powerful internal factors totally and a lot of opportunities to rebuild and revival ecologically on the view of the external factors Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
806 - Effect of different levels of dietary vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone supplementation on cellular immune challenges, intestinal microbial population, intestinal morphology and MUC2 gene expression in laying Japanese quails
Yaser Rahimian Farshid Kheiri Mostafa FaghaniIn order to investigate the effect of consuming diets supplemented with different levels of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone on cellular immune system challenges, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbial population and MUC2 gene expression in laying Japanese quail MoreIn order to investigate the effect of consuming diets supplemented with different levels of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone on cellular immune system challenges, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbial population and MUC2 gene expression in laying Japanese quails, 210 female Japanese quails aged 85-35 days with 7 experimental treatments including the control group and those consuming vitamin E, thymoquinone and sesamin at levels of 100 and 200 ml.gram/kg of standard feed was used with 5 repetitions and 6 pieces of laying quail in each repetition. At the end of the period (85 days), after killing two quails from each repetition, the relative weight of thymus, spleen and bursa of fabricius and the liver enzymes activity indices such as albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were investigated. Dinitrochlorobenzene sensitization challenge test and response to the injection of mitogen phytohemagglutinin into the left wing web were studied. Sampling was done to evaluate the morphology of the intestinal tissue and the microbial flora population of the small intestine. To investigate the expression of MUC2 gene, samples from jejunum were collected and RT-PCR method was performed. The results showed that the consumption of supplemented diets caused a significant increase in the bursa.f relative weight (p ≤ 0.05) and a non-significant improvement of the liver enzyemes activity (p ≥ 0.05). The significant increase of beneficial microbial flora (Lactobacillus) and decrease of the colony population of (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica) bacteria in the intestine along with the increase in the surface of the villi and the density of the number of goblet cells indicated the beneficial effects of the active compounds used in improving the health status of quails (p ≤ 0.05). Consuming supplemented diets with levels of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone caused an increase in MUC2 mRNA expression in the intestine. The results showed the benefits of vitamin E, sesamin and thymoquinone consumption on cell mediated mediated immunity, intestinal morphology, intestinal microbial flora and MUC2 mRNA expression in laying Japanese quails. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
807 - Probiotics: Water Quality, Growth and Immunity Performance in shrimp Aquaculture
Mohammad Hossein Khanjani Saeed HajirezaeeOver the last few decades, the aquaculture industry has grown and developed as one of the major food production industries. Increased stocking density and cultivated area are two ways to increase aquaculture production. Stocking density increases result in a decrease in MoreOver the last few decades, the aquaculture industry has grown and developed as one of the major food production industries. Increased stocking density and cultivated area are two ways to increase aquaculture production. Stocking density increases result in a decrease in water quality and the spread of pathogens. As a chemical substance, antibiotics are not widely accepted by consumers as a means of reducing pathogenic agents in aquaculture. Nowadays, probiotics are crucial to maintaining the health of farmed aquatic animals and increasing production performance without negatively affecting consumers. Probiotics are being used in more studies to achieve environmentally friendly sustainable aquaculture goals. Probiotics have been shown to improve water quality, feed efficiency, growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immunity, and resistance to pathogens in shrimp aquaculture. The presence of probiotics helps shrimp under stressful conditions, such as handling, grading, transportation, vaccination, and disease treatment. In the aquaculture industry, probiotics are mostly Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Micrococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, and Carnobacterium species. This study examines the use and importance of probiotics in shrimp aquaculture, as well as their effects on water quality, growth performance, and immunity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
808 - Using The Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm for Community Detection
Maliheh Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Amin GhasemzadehIn today's world, networks play a very important role in people's lives. One of the important issues related to networks is the issue of detecting communities. These communities are also called groups and clusters. Communities include nodes that are closely related to e MoreIn today's world, networks play a very important role in people's lives. One of the important issues related to networks is the issue of detecting communities. These communities are also called groups and clusters. Communities include nodes that are closely related to each other. Most of the nodes that are members of a community have common properties. In social networks, it is important to detect the community in order to analyze the network and it is a very important tool to understand the information of the network and its structure. Studying community detection has garnered significant interest in last few years, leading to the development of numerous algorithms in this area. this research, we used the gray wolf meta-heuristic algorithm and improved it with operators such as mutation, combination, and local search, and also improved the final solution of the gray wolf algorithm with the label propagation algorithm to detect communities. Experiments showed that the proposed method has high accuracy and also due to the applied techniques, the problem converges to the best solution very quickly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
809 - Presenting a Causal Model for Promoting Community Resilience with the Approach of Theme Analysis and Structural-Interpretive Modeling in Tabriz Metropolis
saeid barzegar Yaghoub Alavi Matin alireza bafandah morteza mahmodzadehOne of the important issues that can be seen in most resilience methodologies is the relatively weak integration of resilience criteria in terms of physical infrastructure with social and economic systems. Based on this, the purpose of this article was to present a caus MoreOne of the important issues that can be seen in most resilience methodologies is the relatively weak integration of resilience criteria in terms of physical infrastructure with social and economic systems. Based on this, the purpose of this article was to present a causal model of improving community resilience with the approach of theme analysis and structural-interpretive modeling in Tabriz metropolis. This research is applied-developmental from the point of view of the goal and it is considered to be exploratory from the point of view of the method of doing the work. The statistical population of this research is divided into two groups, including the group of experts and all the citizens of Tabriz city. Based on theoretical saturation, 12 experts have been used. Also, due to the unlimited statistical population of citizens, the number of samples has been determined based on the unlimited population of 384 people. To collect data, two questionnaires were used, which were distributed among the members of the statistical sample of the research after determining the validity and reliability. In order to analyze the data, theme analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural-interpretive modeling were used. The findings of the research in the theme analysis section show that the components of the causal model of improving community resilience in Tabriz metropolis are classified into eight main themes and thirty-three sub-themes. Also, the model fit values of the confirmatory models and their factor loadings indicate the appropriateness of sub-themes classification based on the main themes and the confirmation of the main themes based on the sample data. The results of structural-interpretive modeling also show that economic factors are the most influential component of the model of resilience promotion and learning capacity, the most influential component of the model of resilience promotion in Tabriz metropolis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
810 - Investigating and identifying the effects of rural wastewater in Dena protected area and presenting an environmental management pattern
Mohammad Reza Sadegh Ali Ali Zare Mansour Pournouri -
Open Access Article
811 - Potential adverse effects of heavy metals in Ahvaz oil field
sara abbasi ali Afrous -
Open Access Article
812 - Investigating the relationship between gliadin sub-units and grain quality traits in wheat
marouf khalili rehane asadi Mohammad Ali EbrahimiIn order to investigating the relationship between gliadin sub-units and grain quality traits in wheat, 30 varieties and lines of wheat were evaluated in terms of allelic variation at the loci controlling Gliadin protein by Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (A MoreIn order to investigating the relationship between gliadin sub-units and grain quality traits in wheat, 30 varieties and lines of wheat were evaluated in terms of allelic variation at the loci controlling Gliadin protein by Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE). In this study number of bands observed in the varieties included 1-5 bands for α subunit, 1-5 bands for ß subunit, 3-8 bands for γ and 3-6 bands for ω subunit. Among α subunit allele’s α1 and α3, between ß subunits alleles’ß4, among γ subunit alleles of γ1 and γ5 and between ω subunits alleles of ω5 and ω6 showed the highest percentage of frequency. Percentage of protein with α2 allele, zeleny number with ß3 and ß4 alleles, hardness number with α2 and γ8, and thousand kernel with ω5 and γ5 had positive and significant correlations, while amount of water absorption showed negative and significant correlations whit γ5. Based on the stepwise regression analysis, between alleles α2, ß2 and α5 with protein content, allele ß4 and zeleny number, allele α2 and hardness alleles, γ5 with starch and ω5 with flour water absorption rate and thousand kernels with γ5 alleles statistically significant relationship was found. So the above subcultures can help as biochemical markers for high quality baker's progeny Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
813 - American Academic Diplomacy Mechanisms for Attracting Iranian Academicians (1979-2017)
mohamadeaza dehshiri mehdi taheriToday, with the internationalization of higher education and the facilitation of global communication resulting from the globalization process, the use of higher education's capacity as an effective tool for national interest and soft power by countries in the world, es MoreToday, with the internationalization of higher education and the facilitation of global communication resulting from the globalization process, the use of higher education's capacity as an effective tool for national interest and soft power by countries in the world, especially developed countries, has grown more and more today; It can be regarded and interpreted as academic diplomacy The US government is seeking to establish connections with younger generation by expanding its cultural programs and academic diplomacy, creating a platform of relationship with countries' future leaders, inter allia Iran. Looking at the performance of American diplomacy in Iran over the past decades, it can be understood that US is trying to promote American values and lifestyle, to establish a west-oriented middle class, especially in the universities, and also to develop English language as a scientific and communication tool.Accordingly, understanding US experience and practice in the field of academic diplomacy towards a country such as the Islamic Republic of Iran will be important. The main question of the present article is to understand how the US academic diplomacy has attracted academicians, especially the Iranian elites? Our hypothesis is that, using its academic tools as well as educational attractiveness, the country has been able to have the largest educational exchanges around the world, and thus, to disseminate its values to academicians, simultaneously with increasing its soft power. These attractivenesses have led many Iranian scholars to study abroad especially in the United States. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
814 - Sociological Study of the Effect of Feeling of Discrimination on the Social Trust of Religious Minorities (Case Study: Zoroastrians Living in Tehran)
Seyedeh Hakimeh Hashemi Raza Salehiamiri shahla Kazemipour Sabet Maysam Musai Ali Baghaei SarabiTrust is the basic preconditions for economic, social, cultural and political development of any society causes and Iranian society is a religiously diverse society and the social structure in Iran is with the phenomenon of ethnic, religious and religious pluralism. The MoreTrust is the basic preconditions for economic, social, cultural and political development of any society causes and Iranian society is a religiously diverse society and the social structure in Iran is with the phenomenon of ethnic, religious and religious pluralism. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is a sociological study of the effect of social discrimination on social trust in the Zoroastrian community in Tehran. In the present study, the theories of Putnam, Giddens, Coleman, Sztompka, Offe, Rogers and Uslaner have been selected as the theoretical framework of the research. The research method in this research is survey, multi-stage cluster sampling and data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consists of all Zoroastrians living in Tehran, which according to the statistics of the Zoroastrian Association of Tehran is about seven thousand people and the sample size using the Cochran's formula is equal to 191, which was collected 210 questionnaires to be more reliable. The results show that 20/9% of the respondents have a low level, 52/4% have a moderate level and 26/7% have a high level of social trust. Also, findings show that in the Zoroastrian community of Tehran, the individual characteristics of the respondents did not affect their social trust; but the variables of socio-economic status and feeling of discrimination have affected the level of social trust of Zoroastrians. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
815 - Pathology of Media Literacy Consumption among Different Strata of Society: The Case Study of Hormozgan Province
mokhtar zakeri mahmoud sabahi zadeThe purpose of this study is the pathology of media literacy consumption among different strata of society in Hormozgan. Qualitative research method and research community includes different strata of Minab city. The results show that media literacy injuries include fiv MoreThe purpose of this study is the pathology of media literacy consumption among different strata of society in Hormozgan. Qualitative research method and research community includes different strata of Minab city. The results show that media literacy injuries include five categories of mental-ideological injuries, financial injuries, psychological injuries, social injuries and moral injuries. Among these, the categories of mental-ideological injuries, social injuries and moral injuries have the highest frequency and prominence, and financial injuries and psychological injuries are in the next degrees. Six categories of weakness in communication infrastructure, foreign media propaganda, weakness in human relations in society, lack of knowledge, weakness in the field of planning and monitoring of communication organs and media addiction are the causes of media literacy harms. Among these, the components of foreign dissident media advertising and lack of knowledge have the highest frequency and other components are in the next ranks. The four categories of promoting media knowledge, promoting face-to-face human relations at the community level, managing cyberspace and strengthening the motivation to support and use internal cyberspace are ways to prevent the harms of media literacy. The components of promoting media knowledge and cyberspace management are the most prominent among them, and the categories of promoting face-to-face human relations at the community level and strengthening the motivation to support and use cyberspace are of paramount importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
816 - Identify and Prioritize the Factors aFfecting the Process of Opportunity Recognition in the Field of Information Technology Banking Industry
Afsaneh Ozaee Mehran Mokhtari -
Open Access Article
817 - The Effect of Ethical Development in Sport on Promoting Ethical Values
mitra safari hasan fahimdovin hosein peymanizad mohammad kashtidarThe dimming of ethics in all aspects of the great community of sport has become a challenge. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the development of ethics in academic sport on the promotion of ethical values in the sports community of the count MoreThe dimming of ethics in all aspects of the great community of sport has become a challenge. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the development of ethics in academic sport on the promotion of ethical values in the sports community of the country. The purpose of this research is to apply the type of research in terms of the type of data search (quantitative and qualitative), and in terms of data analysis, a descriptive-correlational type and time domain of the research are of a contemporary type. Field data was collected. The statistical population of the study consisted of all sports experts in the country that were selected randomly using the Morgan table formula. Data collection was done using a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 54 phrases in four components. For analyzing the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics methods were used with SPSS 21 software. The findings indicated that effective factors affecting the development of ethics in academic sport affecting the promotion of ethical values in the sports community of the country are influential factors of individual-behavioral, subjective, organizational and supra-organizational. According to the average rankings, the ranking of the factors affecting the development of ethics in academic sport showed that the highest rank is in terms of dimensions of individual-behavioral factors, underlying factors, organizational factors, and trans-organization factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
818 - The effect of general physical education course on sports identity of Azad University students
siyamak alborz bahram ghadimi akbar afarinesh khakiThe purpose of this study was the effect of physical education and sports units 1 on the sports identity of male and female students of Azad University. For this purpose, Chezlak Sports Identity Scale (2004) in two stages of pre-test and post-test was pro MoreThe purpose of this study was the effect of physical education and sports units 1 on the sports identity of male and female students of Azad University. For this purpose, Chezlak Sports Identity Scale (2004) in two stages of pre-test and post-test was provided to 230 undergraduate students who had taken the general units of physical education and sports 1 in the academic year of 1997-98. Correlated t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to examine intragroup changes. The mean score of sports identity of female students increased significantly (P = 0.001), while the mean score of sports identity of male students did not change significantly (P = 0.227). The mean score of social identity subscale of female students (P = 0.001) and male students (P = 0.008) in the post-test compared to the pre-test increased significantly. The mean score of the exclusivism subscale of female students (P = 0.087) and male students (P = 0.501) in the post-test compared to the pre-test did not change significantly. In general, the general physical education unit had an effect on the sports identity of students, especially female students Universities 'general physical education units are an opportunity through which the sports role of individuals can be strengthened and the ground for promoting the internal and external components of sports identity, the ultimate goal of which is to develop students' positive attitudes toward sports and physical activity. A group of paired t-test and Wilcoxon test were used. The mean score of sports identity of female students increased significantly (P = 0.001), while the mean score of sports identity of male students did not change significantly (P = 0.227). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
819 - Effect of Proactive Personality on Job Proactive Behavior of Physical Education Experts of Education Departments with the Mediating Role of Sense of Competence
hadi taghizadeh akram esfahani niya saeed ghorbaniAbstractThe purpose of present research was to study the effect of proactive personality on job proactive behavior of physical education experts of education departments with the mediating role of sense of competence. The research method is a descriptive survey. The pop MoreAbstractThe purpose of present research was to study the effect of proactive personality on job proactive behavior of physical education experts of education departments with the mediating role of sense of competence. The research method is a descriptive survey. The population of study consisted of all physical education experts of the Iranian Education Departments (1141 persons), which according to Cochran formula, 288 participants were selected as sample size by the stratified random sampling method. To gather the research data, questionnaires of Proactive Personality of Bharati et al (2018), Sense of Competence in Job of Van den Broeck et al (2010) and Job Proactive Behavior of Parker et al (2008) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used for data analysis. The results of the study indicated that the proactive personality has a positive and significant effect on the physical education experts’ sense of competence in job. Also, the effect of proactive personality on physical education experts’ job proactive behavior was positive and significant. Another part of the research results showed that the effect of sense of competence in job on job proactive behavior is positive and significant. Finally, the results indicated that the effect of proactive personalty on job proactive behavior of physical education experts with the mediating role of sense of competence in job is positive and significant. Based on the results of the research, it could be concluded that proactive personalty can have positive job outcomes such as sense of competence in job and job proactive behavior in physical education experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
820 - Future studies with an emphasis on civil society in Iran layered analysis of causes CLA
zahra masoud احمد ساعیCivil society is an issue that has attracted the attention of many thinkers and Various scientific fields such as law, political science, management, sociology, etc. encompasses.. The concept of civil society in the development of modernist discourse is a special place MoreCivil society is an issue that has attracted the attention of many thinkers and Various scientific fields such as law, political science, management, sociology, etc. encompasses.. The concept of civil society in the development of modernist discourse is a special place to review the theories of political development after the Second World War show The development and formation of civil society and political development, in fact, one of the basic conditions is a precondition for the fulfillment of all other conditions . Background Of formation of civil society in Iran has been facing many difficulties. Due to the changes that are driving this trend continues and there is not possible in this area. The purpose of the implementation of the method (CLA) that it has designed Sohail Inayatullah This is done by analyzing the causes layered, deconstructs social phenomena and And to achieve deep understanding of the underlying layers of problems, to a deeper understanding of the subject there. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
821 - Iran's role in the process of state-building in Afghanistan and its impact on Iran's national security
سید حسن قریشی کرین ناصر مولایی عارف بیژنAfghanistan socially textured mosaic of ethnic, sectarian groups are numerous. The triple nature of political and Iraq, has the potential areas of tension and disintegration in itself. Internal developments in Afghanistan and the rise of the Taliban and the presence of MoreAfghanistan socially textured mosaic of ethnic, sectarian groups are numerous. The triple nature of political and Iraq, has the potential areas of tension and disintegration in itself. Internal developments in Afghanistan and the rise of the Taliban and the presence of trans-regional states in the country's developments and considerations to the interests of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Iran linked. Accordingly, any success or failure in advancing the process of nation-building in the country, requires attention to the threat posed by the Islamic Republic of Iran's National Security developments that may in the future be faced with certain risks. Therefore, to follow the developments related to restructuring and brokers in Afghanistan and gradual formation of a new political system, Afghanistan has intensified the process of transformation of the environment and the multiple effects at all levels (local, regional and international) and fields (soft and hard) is created. This article seeks to identify the role of Iran in the process of nation-building in Afghanistan and its impact on Iran's national security and the provision of appropriate strategies in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
822 - A comparative study of the discourse of peace among human and religious schools (Case Study of Islam and communitarians)
nilofar chinichian Malek Yahya salahiReview : One of the pivotal issues in the political context is the establishment of peace and the way to achieve it. In fact, concepts such as justice, friendship, discourse, balance, tolerance, and peace are about to emerge. Religions always believe that there is a pea MoreReview : One of the pivotal issues in the political context is the establishment of peace and the way to achieve it. In fact, concepts such as justice, friendship, discourse, balance, tolerance, and peace are about to emerge. Religions always believe that there is a peace between the ends of human life and the way to the perfection of human life. On the other hand, we are confronted with the history of the thought of human schools and in the views of great philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Locke, Kant, Rolls, etc. With themes such as peace as justice, lasting peace, democratic peace. In the contemporary world, with the growth and spread of violence, extremism, Islamophobia, the indifference of the need for a peace dialogue between contemporary schools and villages is essential. One of the most important contemporary intellectual currents of thought is congregationalism. The theoretical framework of congregationalism, due to having such teachings as politics as virtue, the priority of goodness to the right, respect for the cultural diversity and value of societies, the denial of profitability, introduces new definitions of peace and justice. It seems that the theoretical foundations of congregations are partly based on the theoretical foundations of Islam and can be based on dialogue and understanding. In this paper, descriptive-analytic method is used to investigate and analyze and analyze the research information. It is also based on the Quintana Skinner (text-authoring) hermeneutics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
823 - The theory of Feminism and its Impacts on the United Nations Actions The theory of Feminism and its Impacts on the United Nations Actions In Support of Women’s Right
Soraya TayebiThe United Nation as the most important international organization, has played a very important role in promoting the status of women in the world, and since its inception, it has placed women’s rights on its agenda and through the adoption of resolutions, declara MoreThe United Nation as the most important international organization, has played a very important role in promoting the status of women in the world, and since its inception, it has placed women’s rights on its agenda and through the adoption of resolutions, declaration, covenants, conventions and holding international conferences and meetings, it has taken effective steps in this regard. The theory of feminism, specially liberal feminism which is considered in the framework of critical theories of international relations, and is one of the main concerns of those who believe in this movement has attempt to put an end to gender inequality and in support of women’s rights, it has helped the united nations to take effective actions to promote women’s status in the world. The present paper seeks to assess the relationship between feminist theory and its impacts on UN actions and in general, the role that this critical approach has placed in promoting the status of women and protecting women’s rights. In line with the subject, raised in this paper, the research question is how feminist approach has been able to influence the United Nations actions to protect women’s rights. In response, it seems that this critical approach from the very beginning of the United Nations had been able to take effective actions in achieving the desired goals and status of women’s rights, in light of Security Council resolution, 1325. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
824 - Analyzing the Determinant Factors in the Military Balance of the Korean Peninsula
Hossein Shahmoradi Mohammad Hasan SheikholeslamiKorean Peninsula as an ancient and strategic land, is the place of one of the most complex and difficult riddles of the international scene and factors such as the persistence of war condition due to non-signing of a peace treaty and consent to a fragile cease fire, the MoreKorean Peninsula as an ancient and strategic land, is the place of one of the most complex and difficult riddles of the international scene and factors such as the persistence of war condition due to non-signing of a peace treaty and consent to a fragile cease fire, the continuous confrontational approach of the United States toward North Korea and its attempts to overthrow the North Korean government have made the military situation of Korean Peninsula more and more complicated. Therefore, the whole Northeast Asian region has also been affected. Meanwhile, this long-standing hostility has created several military alliances between the two Korea and global and regional powers, which in turn has a significant impact on the regional balance of power. In such a situation, the rising tensions between North Korea and the United States from the beginning of Donald Trump presidency and the accretion of threats and provocations from both sides, highlights the need for a thorough examination of the military situation on the Korean Peninsula. Research evidences suggest that in many factors, especially in quantitative terms, North Korea has a significant advantage over its southern neighbor, But South Korea has been able to significantly improve the quality of its military forces due to its military alliance with the United States. Nonetheless, factors such as unconventional weapons and missiles and also nuclear power make any conflict on the Korean Peninsula extremely dangerous. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
825 - Establishment of a missile defense shield in the Persian Gulf region and its impact on the security of the region 2001-2017
Hassan Khodaverdi Aliasghar GhaffariThe gradual deployment of the United States missile defense shield plan from Europe to the Persian Gulf region over the past decade and the establishment of radar and defensive components of this plan, in the whole Persian Gulf region both in its land and floating zone, MoreThe gradual deployment of the United States missile defense shield plan from Europe to the Persian Gulf region over the past decade and the establishment of radar and defensive components of this plan, in the whole Persian Gulf region both in its land and floating zone, has implications and also plenty consequences for regional and international systems and has aggravated the fragile security of the Persian Gulf Region. Topics such as the beginning of the arms race, the collapse of the balance of power, the blurred relations, regional instability, and the most important one the trilateral Arab, Israeli, and American alliances can be seen as the security implications of establishing the plan in the Persian Gulf region. Accordingly, the purpose of this research, by using descriptive-analytical method and collecting data with library tools, is to examine the reasons for the formation of the missile defense shield, to analyze accurately its expanding to the Persian Gulf region and its impact on the security of the region. The implementation of this project in the Persian Gulf region will have tremendous impacts on the international system at the head of the Middle East and Persian Gulf and will affect the security of this region and will be sensitive to many countries in the region, including Iran It brings about the nature and final fate of this plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
826 - Civil disobedience as an opportunity for accountable governments and good citizens
hamid vatankhah Mohsen Zarifkar Fard hamid zarabi Roohollah RahimiOne of the most important issues for public law and political science theorists is how to regulate the relationship between government and citizens and why all kinds of social actions against the government. The question is, if governments replace the "Rule by Law&rdquo MoreOne of the most important issues for public law and political science theorists is how to regulate the relationship between government and citizens and why all kinds of social actions against the government. The question is, if governments replace the "Rule by Law” with the “Rule of Law", how can citizens force governments to cancel or amend their performance or reform their actions? Civil disobedience is one of the effective methods in this regard. The findings of this research indicate that acceptance of civil disobedience as an opportunity for continuous improvement of laws and regulations and government decisions and adequate and transparent response to the social demands of citizens should be the criterion for the behavior and performance of both government and citizens. In a way that neither public security is threatened nor the rights and freedoms of citizens are ignored. If governments want to enact laws and regulations regardless of social realities and the demands of the people, civil disobedience is an appropriate and effective way for citizens to deal with them. So law-abiding and accountable governments consider civil disobedience as an opportunity to take advantage of constructive criticism from good citizens who are not indifferent to the political and social fate of society and stand up to the government and the community knows responsible and committed. Library method was used to collect data and descriptive-analytical method was used for correct analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
827 - The unilateral performance of the United States and the European Union in the international arena
Mehdi Ashtari Ali Pourghasab Amiri Fakhrodin AbooyeGovernments set their own standards and regulations within the country and enforce them within their territory, but when the scope for implementing or influencing decisions goes to the international level, it is possible to intervene and comment on the establishment and MoreGovernments set their own standards and regulations within the country and enforce them within their territory, but when the scope for implementing or influencing decisions goes to the international level, it is possible to intervene and comment on the establishment and enactment of laws and norms. Unilateralism occurs, unilateralism occurs. After the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States, along with European countries, especially Western Europe, has become a new international arena, which after a while with various events in various places, intervened politically, legally, militarily and economically, violating international law. No country, not even the United States, which has a hegemonic role, or the European Union, can intervene in the affairs of other countries, except in one case, according to the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of countries, to which the United Nations is committed. The exception is the issue of humanitarian law, which should not be unilateral and arbitrary with the permission of the Security Council, while the United States openly violates international trade laws, arbitrarily intervenes militarily in various parts of the world, and political institutions. - Domestic law condemns countries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
828 - Feasibility study of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court against terrorism
Maryam valizadeh yosef almasi Farhad ZereshkiTerrorism is one of the international crimes that as a not-so-emerging phenomenon has been able to disrupt international order and security by using the factor of fear and attacking the civilian population. This shows the need to deal with it. These include the drafting MoreTerrorism is one of the international crimes that as a not-so-emerging phenomenon has been able to disrupt international order and security by using the factor of fear and attacking the civilian population. This shows the need to deal with it. These include the drafting of the Rome Convention by governments to combat international crimes and gross violations of humanitarian law. Based on this, the question arises whether the International Criminal Court, within the framework of its statute, has the possibility of dealing with terrorist crimes? A look at the terrorist acts committed by terrorist groups can provide us with a list of examples of terrorist acts that can be applied to domestic crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court. Accordingly, although the crime of terrorism is not within the jurisdiction of the Court (Article 5) Compared to other crimes mentioned in this article, it can be prosecuted. However, in terms of territorial, temporal, personal and complementary jurisdiction, there are limitations for criminal proceedings by the International Criminal Court. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
829 - Examining Iran-Europe relations before and after the US withdrawal from JCPOA
yaser kahrazeh Abolfazl ArasetehToday, in the field of international relations, countries of the world, in order to reduce conflicts and disputes, as well as to strengthen exchanges between them, try to establish international agreements in various political, economic, cultural and social fields. The MoreToday, in the field of international relations, countries of the world, in order to reduce conflicts and disputes, as well as to strengthen exchanges between them, try to establish international agreements in various political, economic, cultural and social fields. The Comprehensive Joint Action Plan (CJAP) between Iran and the G5 countries (US, Russia, China, France, Britain and Germany) in Vienna is an example of this agreement. The present study, which is conducted by descriptive-analytical method, seeks to answer the question of what were the relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Europe before and after the withdrawal of the United States from Barjam? The present study has tested the hypothesis that after the approval of Barjam. The political and economic relations of the Islamic Republic of Iran with European countries have enjoyed a relative improvement but because of US sabotage, European relations with Iran have been based on conservatism and fear from the beginning and after the withdrawal of the United States from the Barjam agreement, European countries, with the withdrawal of their capital and economic companies from Iran, as well as the imposition of harsh sanctions, have preferred to follow US policies to adhere to the Barjam agreement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
830 - Brexit and Special Relations in lieu of Global Britain idea
Alireza Ghadrdoust Nakhchi Mehdi Zakarian Amiri Hamid AhmadiThe results of the United Kingdom referendum to leave the European Union on Thursday June 23, 2016 was a big shock not for the UK but for the Europe and the rest of the world. In the plebiscite, 52 percent of the eligible voters chose leave, better known as Brexiteers, MoreThe results of the United Kingdom referendum to leave the European Union on Thursday June 23, 2016 was a big shock not for the UK but for the Europe and the rest of the world. In the plebiscite, 52 percent of the eligible voters chose leave, better known as Brexiteers, to take the rest of the 48 percent out of the Union. Due to type, form and the nature of the UK relations with the countries, the effects of the vote is quite understandable. Moreover, the leave vote put a huge question mark on the on-going efforts of European integrations.Changing world conditions, emerging China as an effective power, along with Russian moves especially after annexation of Crimea, jeopardizes EU’s firm stance against international developments. On the other side of the Atlantic, occurring Trump phenomenon in 2016 in the United States changed deep-rooted “Special Relations” with the two Anglo-Saxon countries and the Europe, as well. In the aftermath of the Brexit, “Global Britain” strategy focuses more than ever on Britain’s role in the world. In this strategy, Britain away from EU can be an active player in the world arena.This paper based on integration theory will quest the answer to the question of do we face close UK-US relations in the post-Brexit? The findings show that the two countries will be closer and the UK needs the US to gain its goals in the Global Britain policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
831 - An analysis of the possibility of US military action against Iran Until before the election 2024
LOHAMAD PORGORBAN hamidreza tabshiriThe unilateral withdrawal of the US Joint Action Plan (Brajam) was imposed on the Iranian government and nation away from unilateral pressure and sanctions. Former US President Trump, by complaining about the nuclear deal, applied a maximum pressure strategy to achieve MoreThe unilateral withdrawal of the US Joint Action Plan (Brajam) was imposed on the Iranian government and nation away from unilateral pressure and sanctions. Former US President Trump, by complaining about the nuclear deal, applied a maximum pressure strategy to achieve his goals towards Iran. Credit sanctions on economic oppression and the provision of internal chaos and threatening to use coercive and military warfare as two major approaches to surrender and concession from Iran were on the agenda. The purpose of this analysis is to accommodate US military entry and attack on Iran before the 2024 presidential election. The main question is: Is there a possibility of a US military attack on Iran before the presidential election? The hypotheses that are answered by planning two scenarios, warfare factors and war deterrent factors, and on the other hand, referring to the opinions and opinions of international relations experts, on the priority, preference and power of influencing agents. The deterrent of the war as a barrier and an obstacle to the possibility of a military war against Iran. In this study, we use the analytical and qualitative method using statistics and direct interviews with international relations experts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
832 - The Role of Higher Educatio in US Cultural Diplomacy: Emphasis on Performance in Iran
Mohammad Reza Dehshiri Mahdi TaheriDue to the capacity of universities and higher education capacities in cultural diplomacy will be very important. This is the same issue that refers to academic diplomacy. Can be said for countries like Iran that significant capacity in the academic and scientific, and MoreDue to the capacity of universities and higher education capacities in cultural diplomacy will be very important. This is the same issue that refers to academic diplomacy. Can be said for countries like Iran that significant capacity in the academic and scientific, and this issue needs more attention to it. According to international experience in the capacity of higher education to cultural diplomacy and policy in this regard could contribute to faster along the road. Different countries according to their economic and cultural power, the cultural and educational exchange programs have invested. America's most prominent and most successful countries in this regard the United States. Through cultural diplomacy programs such as student exchanges and scholarships, Education International projects for foreign visitors, lecture programs, arranged for journalists, English language development, etc., the United States is in transition values and ethical principles. In this context, the United States of America has two major functions, one English and the other quality higher education system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
833 - Outputs of Ideal Development Qualifications Based on Imam Khomeini Opinion of Judgment Definition
Hassan Shafiee Bahram ZahediNowadays, the word of development has special manning in literary of social science which has along with some of cultural and philosophy theories and also it shows special view to individual and social life. Architecture of Islamic Republic of Iran, Imam Khomeini was sp MoreNowadays, the word of development has special manning in literary of social science which has along with some of cultural and philosophy theories and also it shows special view to individual and social life. Architecture of Islamic Republic of Iran, Imam Khomeini was speaker of other ways; except of known eastern or western copies of recent world. He was leader in political, social, economic, cultural domains and his base of working was responding to the all side of individual and societies necessities according to Islam religion; so ideal development will have qualification which is completely different of word development definition rather than other views. Our hypothesis is meaning of judgment base on Imam Khomeini opinion identifies qualifications of ideal development with attention of main role of basic philosophy from political, economic and social theories. In fact, we are going to search how impression has been judgment meaning definition on assignment of ideal development qualifications from Imam thinking? This research way is base on interpretation approach and quality analyzing. All data are gathered in library frame and studied according to hermeneutic technique (different pre–hypothesis). All Gathered research outputs which have accorded based on Imam Opinions show that ideal development will have special characteristics which are issues of his Islamic view with regard to existence, humanity and fortune of man. Five main qualifications based on Imam Thinking are as below items which are necessities to goal ideal development; Getting direction toward the ultimate fortune, Independency, Empowering, Obligated to the legal, Reach to the social judgment. The key word according to Imam Opinion is judgment description for determination of ideal development qualifications since it observes man who stays in most high spirit and also guarantee for social judgment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
834 - Shale Gas and Enrgy Security in Persian Gulf
Abolghasem Taheri Alireza RostamaghaeThe country like United States presence in gas production world by shale gas production which was considered as a largest importer of LNG in the world would be one of the biggest challenge for other gas exporter countries. At the time being internal gas production in Un MoreThe country like United States presence in gas production world by shale gas production which was considered as a largest importer of LNG in the world would be one of the biggest challenge for other gas exporter countries. At the time being internal gas production in United States minimize gas price levels in Europe and Asia, so market analyzers believe that United States shift from being the world’s largest importer of gas to being a major global exporter till end of current decade. In coming years energy independence in United States will change global geopolitics that Persian Gulf would be the most sensitive area to this change. Huge oil and gas reserves in this area always were one of the major reasons of United States interest in this region. Now a third of global oil demand is supplied by this area and it put in the international focus.In this review shale gas revolution in United States and its impacts on global energy market and other countries is investigated. Specifically on one of the gravity center of world energy, Persian Gulf which rely on its oil and gas revenues highly. The theory would be that by reducing United States energy dependence energy producer especially in Middle East will face hydrocarbon resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
835 - The Role of Human Factors and Culture in the Upcoming Challenges in Safety with the Approach of Increasing Financial Productivity
Saeed Seljooghi Somayeh Javadi Roghayeh javadiObjectives: The purpose of this study is to explore the role of human factors and culture in the upcoming safety challenges associated with increasing financial productivity. Design/methodology/approach: In the face of environmental crises, human factors and safety cul MoreObjectives: The purpose of this study is to explore the role of human factors and culture in the upcoming safety challenges associated with increasing financial productivity. Design/methodology/approach: In the face of environmental crises, human factors and safety culture play a crucial role in navigating challenges and seizing opportunities. Issues such as population participation and the promotion of environmental values are met with obstacles like violations of environmental protection laws. However, by leveraging opportunities to advance clean technologies and smart management practices, we can progress towards maintaining and enhancing the environmental situation. This study utilized a descriptive research method to investigate human factors, safety culture, environmental challenges, and opportunities in Isfahan. Data was collected from library resources in 2024, and practical results were presented. Results: The findings indicate that fostering coordination between human factors and the development of an environmental safety culture is essential for striking a balance between environmental protection and sustainable development. Innovation: By capitalizing on opportunities to enhance clean technologies and smart management practices, it is feasible to improve the environmental condition of Isfahan. The city faces challenges such as environmental protection law violations, unsustainable activities, and rapid urban and industrial growth that strain the environment. These challenges underscore the urgency of implementing robust environmental protection measures. However, Isfahan also benefits from opportunities like transparent environmental management and a deeper understanding of the economic and social impacts of environmental initiatives. Increasing public awareness and transparency in decision-making processes can enhance environmental management and natural resource conservation. Additionally, the potential for upgrading clean technologies and utilizing renewable energy presents a key opportunity to mitigate environmental harm. These actions can contribute to creating a more sustainable environment and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, Isfahan has leveraged its resources to preserve and enhance the environment by effectively balancing challenges and opportunities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
836 - Investigating the country's sports management strategies in Iran
Abbas ShabaniStrategic planning is a way of planning that concerns internal and external factors via SWOT analysis. The main goal of this Investigating the country's sports management strategies in Iran. The population of this study comprises the managers, vice-presidents, top an MoreStrategic planning is a way of planning that concerns internal and external factors via SWOT analysis. The main goal of this Investigating the country's sports management strategies in Iran. The population of this study comprises the managers, vice-presidents, top and middle as well as operational managers of physical education organization in Iran. The data have been collected by a questionnaire that its reliability and validity were determined by a pilot study (Chronbach Alpha = 0/92) and expert panel, respectively. In order to analyze the collected data, the researchers have employed descriptive statistics such as Kolmegrov-smirnov and T student test. The obtained results revealed that taking experts’ comments into consideration and using them in sport organization may highlight sport management. The condition of women in management level, sport marketing, and position-based planning were categorized as weak points. According to the results, a comprehensive planning for sport, information and communication technology development, privatization, doing research in sport management and having young population were the most prominent opportunities for sport management. To enclose, government involvement in managing sport, engaging lots of policy makers in sport and also the dependence of club managers on governmental parties have been categorized as threats of sport management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
837 - Analyzing Binary Oppositions in Hassan Alwan’s Novel Mouton Sageer Through the Eyes of Iranian Mystics
رضا ناظمیان mansooreh doagooBinary oppositions have long captivated mystics and are a focal point for structuralists, who often build the foundation of texts around them. By emphasizing these dichotomies, they aim to unveil a unified system and gain deeper insights into the text. In "Mouton Sageer MoreBinary oppositions have long captivated mystics and are a focal point for structuralists, who often build the foundation of texts around them. By emphasizing these dichotomies, they aim to unveil a unified system and gain deeper insights into the text. In "Mouton Sageer" (A Small Death), binary oppositions play a central role, and this study examines their significance in the story of Hassan Alwan through a descriptive-analytical approach. Drawing from Ibn Arabi's mystical themes, the research delves into the perspectives of Iranian mystics to elucidate the author's underlying framework. The title "A Small Death" symbolizes an earthly love that undergoes a transformation, elevating a mortal being to a celestial realm and fostering a connection to true love. Alvan's work strives to expound upon an intellectual system rooted in binary oppositions, illustrating a mystical concept of "unity in plurality" where love serves as the unifying principle. The ultimate goal is to bring harmony to the current world, transcending conflict, as Alvan posits love as the key element that binds individuals together. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
838 - Feasibility of the institution of "immunity from punishment" in connection with sick convicts in Iranian jurisprudence and law.
Mohammad Ali Nasrollahi Ali Mazidi SHarafabadiMany criminal convicts get sick before the execution of the punishment or during the punishment and claim that they cannot bear the punishment. Article 502 of the Criminal Procedure Law approved in 2012 foresees the physical and mental illness of the convicted person as MoreMany criminal convicts get sick before the execution of the punishment or during the punishment and claim that they cannot bear the punishment. Article 502 of the Criminal Procedure Law approved in 2012 foresees the physical and mental illness of the convicted person as a criterion for not tolerating punishment. The most legal protection considered in this article is to convert the punishment of sick convicts into punishment crimes. Determining the institution of exemption from punishment in the Islamic Penal Code has a history with the establishment of legal grounds. However, the mechanism of exemption from punishment is not foreseen at the stage of execution of the sentence due to the illness of the convicted person. Some standards and requirements of human rights emphasize the prohibition of execution of punishment for sick convicts. Despite the necessity of exempting sick convicts from punishment and the lack of provision by the legislator, no research has been done in this regard so far. For this reason, in this article, by analyzing the jurisprudential and legal foundations of impunity and also considering the goals of punishments in Islamic criminal law, we will examine the possibility or impossibility of using the institution of exemption from punishment for sick convicts in the context of punishment, retribution, Key words: criminal, physical and mental illness, impunity, hard-to-treat and incurable diseases and punishment. The result is that at least in the case of insanity and difficult-to-treat and incurable diseases, it is possible to be exempted from punishment in the sentencing of some punishments, and it is necessary to foresee this issue in Article 502 of the Criminal Procedure Law along with the conversion of the punishment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
839 - Longitudinal study of the social progress of Middle East oil countries in the years (2011-2020)
Seyedeh Maliheh Hosseini احسان رحمانی خلیلی Ali BaghaeisarabiThe countries of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and the United Emirates are among the top oil countries, and according to their billions of oil revenues and similar average investments, they have not had the same social Progress. In this research, the social progress in these MoreThe countries of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and the United Emirates are among the top oil countries, and according to their billions of oil revenues and similar average investments, they have not had the same social Progress. In this research, the social progress in these countries has been compared with the secondary and descriptive-comparative analysis method. The social progress variable data is extracted from the social progress site. SPSS software was used for data analysis. According to the obtained results, in the variable of social progress and its dimensions (basic needs, welfare foundations and opportunities), the United Emirates, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Iraq were placed in the order of ranking. In terms of opportunities, Iraq is higher than Saudi Arabia, and in 2020 it also surpassed Iran.Compared to other countries, Iran has been ranked higher in the indicators of environmental quality, access to advanced knowledge, shelter, and health, and has been ranked lower in the sub-indices of access to information and communication, individual rights, choice, and individual freedom.Since the biggest weaknesses of Iran are in the dimension of opportunities, it can be improved by reforming and improving cultural laws, as well as the participation of minorities in the country's political issues, and by raising the quality of the index of access to information and communications, as well as following the example of the country of Iraq, which grows in the dimension of opportunities. It has been good to take important steps in the direction of growth, development and social progress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
840 - Presenting a suitable model for the provision of housing for the martyr community from the perspective of housing sustainability indicators - a case study of the Nasirshahr Project of the Martyr Foundation and the Affairs of the Martyrs
Mohsen Ghasempour Shalmani Hossein Dehghani podeh Rahim SarvarHousing as a shelter for residents' immunity, peace, health and vitality is the best way of investment and an integral element of the people's economy, which causes family stability and solidarity, reducing problems such as delinquency, divorce, social disintegration, s MoreHousing as a shelter for residents' immunity, peace, health and vitality is the best way of investment and an integral element of the people's economy, which causes family stability and solidarity, reducing problems such as delinquency, divorce, social disintegration, street sleeping, slum living and begging. So much so that the right to have a suitable housing is included as part of the right to standard of living in many international human rights documents. The increasing growth of urbanization has created new and special problems in people's lives and relationships. One of the major problems is housing. The cities of the developing countries are facing unfavorable conditions from the point of view of urban planning, so that Hall and Pfeifer describe its perspective by posing a question, whether in the cities of the developing world, approaches of Urban planning was achieved and through it there was hope to increase the income and improve the environmental conditions of all citizens? According to the presented materials, the general purpose of the research is to provide a suitable model of providing housing for the sacrifice society from the perspective of housing sustainability indicators (case study: Nasirshahr Project of the Martyrs Foundation and Affairs). The aspect of being new and innovative in the research in terms of providing a suitable housing supply model for the self-sacrificing society, which is a new discussion and strategy emphasized by the governor of the province, also in terms of the lack of specific research obstacles with this research method in terms of providing a housing supply model It is considered suitable for the self-sacrificing society as a new research and the special innovation is to provide a suitable model for providing housing for the self-sacrificing society at the level of the country Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
841 - A Model for the Quality of College Life with an Emphasis on Educational Facilities
hamid mortazavi badri shahtalebi Fariba KarimiThis study adopted a qualitative approach and applied content analysis to present a model for the quality of college life emphasizing on educational facilities. Indexed articles on the quality of college life were obtained from some prestigious academic databases in edu MoreThis study adopted a qualitative approach and applied content analysis to present a model for the quality of college life emphasizing on educational facilities. Indexed articles on the quality of college life were obtained from some prestigious academic databases in education. Articles on the quality of college life published outside Iran between 1992 and 2019 and those published in national databases between 2011 and 2019, were analyzed. A survey was also performed with some faculty members selected through convenience purposive sampling. After coding and categorizing 74 initial questions, their content validity was confirmed in two ways: qualitative (the opinion of 10 experts in the field of educational management) and quantitative (testing the relevance of each item through content validity ratio (CVR). Low validity questions were removed and finally 62 items were approved. Using the Holsti coefficient, the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be 0.91. An inductive approach to content analysis showed that four components of research facilities, learning opportunities, assessment and educational facilities were some variables that formed the quality of college life with an emphasis on educational facilities. Given the important role that university graduates play for the society in reaching its goals, the criteria suggested in the proposed model can help decision makers improve quality of college life among students with an emphasis on educational facilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
842 - Assessing Mediating Role of Knowledge Management Maturity in the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Strategic Adaptation from Academic Experts’ Perspective
Narges Mohammad AliPourThis study intends to evaluate the mediating role of knowledge management maturity in the relationship between entrepreneurial opportunities and strategic adaptation from perspective of experts in Science and Research branch of IAU. This research is an applied one and t MoreThis study intends to evaluate the mediating role of knowledge management maturity in the relationship between entrepreneurial opportunities and strategic adaptation from perspective of experts in Science and Research branch of IAU. This research is an applied one and the data collection method is descriptive-non-experimental and is known as a case study. The statistical population of research includes 450 experts working in industrial projects of Azad University of Science and Research. Using Cochran formula, 207 individuals are selected as the statistical sample through random sampling. First, the demographic information about the experts was examined. After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, the relationship between knowledge management maturity, entrepreneurial opportunities, and strategic adaptation was analyzed in the form of structural equation model. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and LISREL software. The results indicated that entrepreneurial opportunities directly affect strategic adaptation with respect to the mediating role of knowledge management maturity. Entrepreneurial opportunities also play an important role in information systems, marketing systems, and business processes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
843 - The Effect of "Philosophy for Children" Program as Community of Inquiry on Improving Interpersonal Relationship of Primary School's Students
Mehrnoush Hedayati Yahya Gha’edi Abdollah Shafiabadi Gholamreza YounesiAbstract To investigate the effect of community of inquiry method on improvement of interpersonal relationship skills, based on Lipman’s theory, an experiment was conducted in Tehran primary schools among students of third, fourth and fifth grade. 190 boy and gir MoreAbstract To investigate the effect of community of inquiry method on improvement of interpersonal relationship skills, based on Lipman’s theory, an experiment was conducted in Tehran primary schools among students of third, fourth and fifth grade. 190 boy and girl students were randomly selected (97 boys, 93 girls) and assigned to experimental and control groups (88 experimental, 102 control). The experimental group was taught based on community of inquiry method for twelve 90-minute sessions. Cooper, Ardly & Asher questionnaire for students and Vir & Davin questionnaire for teachers were used as the instruments of the study for collecting data about interpersonal relationship skills. To examine the effect of treatment, the collected data were analyzed using various descriptive and inferential statistical techniques such as mean, standard of deviation, ANOVA, paired and independent T test. The comparison of pre-test's means of both experimental and control group didn't show any significant difference. But the results of pre-test and post-test of both experimental and control group indicate that the mean of post-test in experimental group is relatively more than that of pre-test in interpersonal relationship skills while the mean score of control group hasn't undertaken a significant difference in post-test. Moreover, the mean of experimental group in post-test is higher than that of control group in post-test. Besides, to investigate insolubility of implementation effect, again the students were rechecked after 4 months. The results have indicated the insolubility of effect. Therefore, this semi-experimental study has shown that implementing community of inquiry method has positively affected interpersonal relationship skills of the experimental group. The effect that remained unchanged for at least 4 months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
844 - model of brand community online impact on brand performance and brand equity With emphasis on the role of social capital (Case Study: manufacturing company of Sony media products)
Narjes Ebadati Bagher Saroukhani Ali Akbar FarhangiAbstract The aim of this paper is to provide a model for brand community impact on brand performance and brand equity with moderator role of social capital in the media products producer organizations. The study population is Sony's society that is consisted of two grou MoreAbstract The aim of this paper is to provide a model for brand community impact on brand performance and brand equity with moderator role of social capital in the media products producer organizations. The study population is Sony's society that is consisted of two groups: online customers of Sony's brand and managers, marketers and sellers of Sony products. The sample size for two group in the absence of accurate statistics according to Cochran is 384 people that were selected by simple random sampling. Research tools are online brand community, brand performance and brand equity Inventory. To validate the assessment tool was used lisrel software and then The Cronbach's alpha was used to reability. Hypothesis tested by PLS structural software. The results showed a online brand community powerful influence on brand performance and brand equity also the results showed that online brand community impact the moderator role of social capital on brand performance and brand equity was confirmed.This study developed a unique model of a brand community impact process on brand performance and brand equity . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
845 - Relationship between personality of community-minded and narcissism with social health of young volleyball players in Tehran province
Abbas shabani Sepideh ShokriRelationship between personality of community-minded and narcissism with social health of young volleyball players in Tehran provinceRelationship between personality of community-minded and narcissism with social health of young volleyball players in Tehran province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
846 - Investigating economic factors on women's social health
rangin negar karamzadehPublic health, including levels of social skills and social performance and the ability to recognize oneself as a member of a larger community .in our country , women are employed . Employed women who are trying to economically self-reliant and welfare . This study aime MorePublic health, including levels of social skills and social performance and the ability to recognize oneself as a member of a larger community .in our country , women are employed . Employed women who are trying to economically self-reliant and welfare . This study aimed to assess the socio -economic factors affecting the health of women employees of Tehran municipality and also offer ways to reduce or dissolve the problems they , have been done. The research method was descriptive and correlational analysis was conducted through a survey . The statistical This study included all women employees of Tehran municipality of over 400 people. According to the calculation in the formula , a sample size of 100 patients is obtained. In this study, the sampling interval is a systematic random sampling method . A questionnaire was used to gather information and . All of the above methods, spss be done through software . The findings from this study suggest that economic factors such as the probability of more than 99% of the employees are related to women's health . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
847 - Investigating the Impact of Business Technology Environment Components on Production-Commercial Performance of Industrial Units (Ardabil Province)
علی نظری شیخ احمد سروش فتحی مصطفی ازکیاTechnology supports the ability of businesses to use and exploit new sciences and ideas that emerge in various branches of knowledge. Accordingly, technology through continuous improvement of services or products of businesses has led to their sustainability and busines MoreTechnology supports the ability of businesses to use and exploit new sciences and ideas that emerge in various branches of knowledge. Accordingly, technology through continuous improvement of services or products of businesses has led to their sustainability and business prosperity and in this regard is an important element in increasing the competitive position of businesses. In this study, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of the components of the business technology environment on the performance of industrial units in Ardabil province. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population of this study was all managers of industrial units in Ardabil province. The minimum sample size for completing the questionnaires of this research was 184 entrepreneurs and was randomly selected and the questionnaire was distributed among them. The validity of the research instrument was calculated using the confirmatory factor analysis model and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and SMART PLS software using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. Findings showed that the business technology environment has a significant and positive effect on the production-commercial performance of industrial units. The research findings also indicated that the components of development research, intellectual property system, technology life cycle and technology transfer have a significant effect on the production-commercial performance of industrial units. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
848 - Civil liability of governmental, educational institutions arising from the loss of opportunity
alehealsadat ghanriz Hossein mehrpoor Abbas karimiAbstractThe issue of loss of opportunity and the possibility or impossibility of damages resulting from is crucial civil liability issues. However, there is still no specific text or judicial procedure in Iranian law. When the loss of opportunity arises from government MoreAbstractThe issue of loss of opportunity and the possibility or impossibility of damages resulting from is crucial civil liability issues. However, there is still no specific text or judicial procedure in Iranian law. When the loss of opportunity arises from government subsidiaries' performance, this legal vacuum manifests more clearly. The concept of subordinate responsibility of the government is a way to fill this legal gap. At first glance, however, there is a conflict between the institutional principle of personal responsibility and the subordinate responsibility of the state. But the formulation of two distinct arguments is capable of resolving this conflict; Those arguments are mainly ascertained on intrinsic duties and mechanisms at the government's disposal. The subordinate responsibility of the government is founded on national and international rules and regulations. Also, in the Islamic legal system, the subordinate responsibility of the ruler is considered and emphasized. Derived from Article 30 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic, the provision of effective and efficient educational management should be deemed as a part of government governance duties, i.e., Providing a coherent set of knowledge derived from the application of scientific methods to characterize and explain organizational elements and relations between them in educational organizations. If the citizens have lost the opportunity and the resulting losses due to the inefficiency of the academic management of government institutions, the government has civil liability for those cases, as in other similar cases. Keywords: Loss of Opportunity, Civil Liability, Subordinate Liability, Citizen, Educational Management, Public Education Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
849 - The origin of Zarvani idea and philosophy in Shahnameh Ferdowsi
Masoumeh KarimianSince antiquity, man has been in search of his life’s fountainhead and the origin of creation and with reflection on this world has tried to unravel its mystery. After coming of Zoroaster in Iran and appearance of Mazdai rite, Ormazd and Ahriman have been re MoreSince antiquity, man has been in search of his life’s fountainhead and the origin of creation and with reflection on this world has tried to unravel its mystery. After coming of Zoroaster in Iran and appearance of Mazdai rite, Ormazd and Ahriman have been regarded as two poles of creation and creators of good and evil. However, there are evidences and documents demonstrating that before believing in dualism, the idea of monotheism based on the unity of time preoccupied the mind of Iranians. Belief in Zarvan, god of time, had numerous consequences more than anything else, belief in fate (destiny), and predestined lot seized the mind of Persians for centuries. This idea penetrated through the minds of Iranian poets, thinkers and philosophers. Among them, Ferdowsi, the great Iranian epic poet, like others was no exception. It is assumed that determinism in Shahnameh more than anything else has roots in Zarvanism. In this article, first the origins of the idea and philosophy of Zarvanism in Old Persia, before and after Zoroaster is sought, then with citing evidences from Shahnameh, the roots of Zarvani Philosophy is pointed out. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
850 - Love from Mowlana’s Point of view
Shirin BayaniMowlana’s mystical and philosophical views overall are based upon one principle and that is unity of existence (wahdat al-wujud). The pillars of this principle are as follows: being and non- being, unity and separation, conflict, and Perfect man. MoreMowlana’s mystical and philosophical views overall are based upon one principle and that is unity of existence (wahdat al-wujud). The pillars of this principle are as follows: being and non- being, unity and separation, conflict, and Perfect man. The present article focuses on love regarded in the philosophy of unity of existence as the foundation of Gnosticism and Asctecism. Mowlana regards love as the essence of all improvements and magnanimities. Ayn al-Qozat-e Hamadani believes that love is the intermediary between the lover and the beloved, joining them together. Mowlana believes God is the main axis of love and the world is regarded as orbits, connected to and dependent on it. Mowlana’s Masnavi begins and ends with love. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
851 - Hadith Moulana and his Masnavi in gatherings andspeeches of the Indian mystics
Sharieef Hossein GhasemiThe great Indian mystics have always been in contact with the Persian mystics. Migration of the mystics to India and coming of Moslems from the old Khorasan to this land has greatly helped the development of these relations. Indian mystics have always had el MoreThe great Indian mystics have always been in contact with the Persian mystics. Migration of the mystics to India and coming of Moslems from the old Khorasan to this land has greatly helped the development of these relations. Indian mystics have always had elders and relatives in Khorasan and this bondage has continued for some time. One of the most distinguished eminent Persian mystics is Moulana Jalal al-Din Mohammad Balkhiwhose mystical and spiritual identity remained unrecognized in India in his time, however he was always praised by the poor and the Indian mystics and his Masnavi and Ghazaliat were reverberated in gatherings and speeches of the Indian mystics. Mystics such as Bu Ali Qalandar, SheykhAmanallahPanipat, shaykh Hassan Badakhshi for the confirmation of their mystical sayings especially about unity of being have drawn upon the verses from Masnavi. In this article the manner in which the Indian mystics came under Moulana’s spell is studied, and where appropriate examples are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
852 - The inner unity of religions in Mowlana’s thoughts
Akbar GhorbaniIslamic Gnostic tradition whose principles and teachings are well portrayed in the works of Moslem mystics is central to our cultural heritage and religious identity. Revision of such works in order to discover its potentialities at a time when globalization and d MoreIslamic Gnostic tradition whose principles and teachings are well portrayed in the works of Moslem mystics is central to our cultural heritage and religious identity. Revision of such works in order to discover its potentialities at a time when globalization and dialogue among civilization are of prime importance, is a commitment laid on the shoulder of great scholars. In this article Mowlana’s thoughts are revised to find the footprints of a new theory in the field of comparative religious studies, that is inner unity of religions which is based on the separation of religious law, and the mystic path encountered often in his works. Insisting upon the main principle of ‘unity of existence’ he regards the inner contents of religions far superior to their outward surface. The unifying thought of Mowlana in this regard is expressed sometimes based on the multiplicity of forms and unity of essence, and sometimes is based upon the unity of truth and difference in views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
853 - Moulana and the Universal Peace
Mohammad Navid BazarganThe present article seeks to find an answer to the question whether or notMoulana in the roots of his pluralistic thoughts is essentially the propagator of the world peace and non-violence in modern terms. Thus attempt is made to bring examples from Moulana’ MoreThe present article seeks to find an answer to the question whether or notMoulana in the roots of his pluralistic thoughts is essentially the propagator of the world peace and non-violence in modern terms. Thus attempt is made to bring examples from Moulana’s encounter with the phenomenon of Tatar and overt violence seen in the 7th century AH, and to examine his main line of thought in comparison with the modes of thoughts of the propagators of non-violence such as Ghandi, Martin Luther King, Desmond Toto,… in order to draw a clear picture based on points of similarities and differences. �ورد بررسی قرار گرفته، بر روی موارد اشتراک و افتراق داوری روشنگرانهای صورت گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
854 - Structural consistencies and inconsistencies in Mowlana’s lyrical Ghazals
Ali Asqar ArjeeMowlana’s ghazal is at such heights that one cannot find anything like it neither before nor after his time. A structured poem, made rich in vertical arrangement, achieved unity and coherence through use of narration, allegory, and metaphor. However, t MoreMowlana’s ghazal is at such heights that one cannot find anything like it neither before nor after his time. A structured poem, made rich in vertical arrangement, achieved unity and coherence through use of narration, allegory, and metaphor. However, the strength of Mowlana’s ghazal lies in music. Despite having unity of meaning and rhythm, imaginative colorful themes a kind of inconsistency is found underlying its texture. This article attempts to cast light on those instances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
855 - A brief review of the internal structure and the classification of Bahuvrihi compounds in Farsi
Maedeh AsoodeganThe present article is divided into five sections and includes the following items: The research methodology, posing questions and assumptions, stating the main idea, and the importance of research A descriptive account of terminology used in the body of a resea MoreThe present article is divided into five sections and includes the following items: The research methodology, posing questions and assumptions, stating the main idea, and the importance of research A descriptive account of terminology used in the body of a research paper A report based on the latest findings of linguists and other thinkers on the subject of research Analysis of the collected data Conclusion The article is prepared by two methods: An inductive-deductive one on one hand and a descriptive-­analytic one on the other hand. The structural linguistic approach is dominant throughout the research. The research data is drawn from the linguistic thesis, newspapers, peoples' speech, mass media, and put together in accordance with the linguistic background of the writer. In this article an attempt is made to investigate the Bahuvrihi Nominal Compounds from the following aspects: syllabic structure, Morphological structure, and semantics characteristics. Then, two distinct groups of the Bahuvrihi Compounds namely, predicative and Double Nominal ones are introduced. Also, the role of processes resulting in either reinforcement and diminution of meaning in forming the Bahuvrihi Compounds is examined. Finally, the research data is found to be in accordance with the common patterns revealed in the classification. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
856 - Decoding Daghoghi’s story
Fatemeh HaydariDaghoghi’s story in Masnavi Manavi is one of the stories which bewildered the readers but the bewilderment that the poet has times and times refers to is a mystical bewilderment. The poet’s experience and the theme of the story do not look familiar to the re MoreDaghoghi’s story in Masnavi Manavi is one of the stories which bewildered the readers but the bewilderment that the poet has times and times refers to is a mystical bewilderment. The poet’s experience and the theme of the story do not look familiar to the reader and it has hidden secrets whose understanding is not possible with our ordinary senses and it is beyond our everyday life experiences. The internal ambiguity of most events requires commentaries and interpretations in such a way that in order to unveil its mysteries one cannot rely on logic and intellect. This story is an eternal experience which is transmitted through the unconscious and the key to the discovery of the unconscious is the study of its symbols. In this article attempt is made to give a brief outline of the story and to solve some of its mysteries and complexities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
857 - Perfect man from theophany to incarnation
Roghieh ShanbeheeMan is the ultimate end in creation although ranked as the last. In Mowlana’s view, although fruit is produced from a tree, yet the ultimate purpose of the tree is its fruit. However, entangled in the nitty gritty of the material world he has remained MoreMan is the ultimate end in creation although ranked as the last. In Mowlana’s view, although fruit is produced from a tree, yet the ultimate purpose of the tree is its fruit. However, entangled in the nitty gritty of the material world he has remained ignorant of his spiritual truth. The purpose of creation is the manifestation of God’s attributes, and actions hence man is the embodiment of such manifestation. The seeker of God must die to self before he can shine with the divine light. After putting out the fires of ego, the divine light of the soul shines through, when burnished of all its rust, the mirror of the soul perfectly reflects the attributes of God. By bringing such stories as Merchant and the parrot, Mowlana illustrates that the ultimate end of the Mystic path is this conscious death. This annihilation in the Beloved’s being facilitates the union. In this station, if the mystic wishes to give voice to his most intimate experience, his saying would come out as the ‘shath’, the ecstatic utterance and only a true mystic could perceive that state. In this stage, the traveler reaches an ecstatic state completely intoxicated and bewildered faced with the glory of God. Although in Mowlana’s view the melody which is inside the Perfect man, is the reflection of the eternal melody and Hallaj’s words were in fact the resonance of his own chords of existence which experienced selflessness, he was not, but the truth was. Mowlana believed that what the mystic attains in this ascent is total absorption in God and must not be confused with the incarnation of a spirit in a body because in this stage, the mystic merges in God, the part partakes the whole and not becoming whole. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
858 - Identifying the antecedents and consequences of the predictors of Entrepreneurial opportunities in international companies
Ali Farahani Younos Vakil Alroaia Farideh Haghshenas Kashani Ali FaezAccording to entrepreneurship researchers, opportunity identification plays a very fundamental role in entrepreneurial activities. They believe that entrepreneurship is a way of thinking and acting based on opportunity. Entrepreneurship creates and recreates value for o MoreAccording to entrepreneurship researchers, opportunity identification plays a very fundamental role in entrepreneurial activities. They believe that entrepreneurship is a way of thinking and acting based on opportunity. Entrepreneurship creates and recreates value for owners and beneficiaries, and opportunity is the heart of this process. Although opportunity recognition is considered the main characteristic of entrepreneurs and without it, entrepreneurial activity does not occur, but not all people are able to recognize opportunities, so the purpose of this study is to analyze the antecedents and consequences of factors predicting entrepreneurial opportunities. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection, it is a qualitative research based on foundational data theory. Data were collected through the study of documentary sources and semi-structured interviews with 17 managers and experts active in the field of entrepreneurship, through purposeful sampling and snowball using MAXQDA18 software. In the open coding stage, 61 preliminary codes were identified from the analysis of the interviews. In the second step, axial coding was done around the investigated phenomenon. Based on the findings of the research, the antecedents of entrepreneurial opportunities predictors (causal factors) in the form of seven categories of unexpected events, changes based on industry and market structure, scarcity based on methods, contradictory situation, change based on values and cognition, new knowledge and demographic characteristics. took place and the consequences (consequences) of the predictors of entrepreneurial opportunities were determined in two categories: financial and tangible, and non-financial and intangible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
859 - Analyzing the role of the UN Security Council to prevent war in the Middle East
samira kohan khaki Behzad Ghaffari benamThe Security Council, with the limits of authority defined by the United Nations Charter, is the executive of the common security system and is responsible for establishing order and security in the world. This research is considering the great importance of the role of MoreThe Security Council, with the limits of authority defined by the United Nations Charter, is the executive of the common security system and is responsible for establishing order and security in the world. This research is considering the great importance of the role of the United Nations Security Council in order to prevent war in the Middle East, therefore, to answer this question, the role of the United Nations Security Council for the prevention of war in the Middle East is first discussed and with the aim of explaining the security tools The United Nations is preventing war by focusing on the Middle East. The methodology of the descriptive-analytical article gives a scientific answer to the posed question with the argumentative method of content analysis and using library resources. And then by explaining the effective factors in strengthening the role of the Security Council and increasing efficiency in preventing war in the Middle East and stating its importance, we reach the conclusion that there is an undeniable connection between the role of the United Nations Security Council in order to prevent war in the Middle East. And there is an unbreakable relationship that unfortunately cannot be done Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
860 - Jurisprudential documents on the necessity of the convergence of the Muslims of the world
Akram Hashemzadeh Hossein IzadiEver since the Prophet's mission and the presentation of Islam to humanity, the Qur'an and the infallibles have always emphasized the necessity of achieving convergence between Muslims, and reformers emphasized on its realization from the very beginning of Islam. The ne MoreEver since the Prophet's mission and the presentation of Islam to humanity, the Qur'an and the infallibles have always emphasized the necessity of achieving convergence between Muslims, and reformers emphasized on its realization from the very beginning of Islam. The necessity of convergence is due to the fact that, unfortunately, harm has been caused to convergence and that is; According to the reasons that have a much lower strength and jurisprudential identity compared to the reasons for convergence, people beat the barrel of divergence. The main question of the current research is what are the jurisprudential foundations of Muslim convergence. The present article tries to comprehensively explain the issue of convergence and its necessity by using the descriptive-analytical method and by collecting information in a library and by referring to the books and articles written in this field. The results of the research show that in the discussion of convergence, reference to the book (Qur'an), Sunnah and the use of the consensus of the discoverer of the Sunnah and finally, reference to reason and the use of independent and non-independent intellectuals are pervasive and inevitable. Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024