The impact of Trump's Middle East foreign policy on the perception of America's decline in the Palestinian issue
Subject Areas :
nooh davari
1
(دانشجو)
Keywords: Perception of decline , foreign policy , Middle East, Donald Trump , United States,
Abstract :
"One of the important topics in the field of foreign policy of countries is how they orient their approach towards international and regional issues. This orientation can influence the creation of positive or negative perceptions of countries. Donald Trump's unilateral approach to important issues in the Middle East, including the Palestine issue, has shaped certain thoughts about US foreign policy. Therefore, the main question of the research is what impact has Donald Trump's Middle Eastern policy had on the perception of America's decline in relation to the Palestine issue? In response to this question, the hypothesis is proposed that Donald Trump's Middle Eastern foreign policy has led to the perception of America's decline in the Palestine issue. This research is of an applied type and due to the descriptive and explanatory nature of the subject, the method of collecting information in this collection is mainly library-based and using written sources including books and articles published in scientific journals. The findings of the research indicate that with the cessation of the normalization process of relations between Arab countries and Israel and the failure of the "Deal of the Century" plan, failure to suppress and weaken the Palestinian resistance axis, the United Nations and the international community not recognizing Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and sovereignty over the Golan Heights, the superpower status of this country has faced a serious challenge."
1-جوادیان، محمدرضا و دیگران (1401)، «تأثیر سیاست‌های دونالد ترامپ بر جایگاه رویای آمریکایی»، فصلنامه تحقیقات سیاسی و بین‌المللی ، 54 ، (71-84) #
2-محقق نیا، حامد، (1400)، «یک‌جانبه‌گرایی دونالد ترامپ و افول قدرت نرم آمریکا در اقتصاد سیاسی جهانی»مطالعات اقتصاد سياسي بین‌الملل، 4، (121-155)#
3-نوری، وحید و حسینی، سید حسن، (1398)، «فردگرایی در سیاست خارجی آمریکا در دوره دونالد ترامپ: نتایج و پیامدها»، فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین‌الملل، 12 ، (47). #
4-یزدان فام، محمود، (1395)، «سیاست خارجی ترامپ و جمهوری اسلامی ایران»، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی، 19، (74).#
1) Al Sarhan, A. S. (2017). United States Foreign Policy and the Middle East. Open Journal of Political Science, 7, 454-472.
2) Ataman, M. (2018). Trump and the erosion of American hegemony. Daily Sabah, 12(2),23-37.
3) Christopher J. Bolan, Jerad I. Harper & Joel R. Hillison. (2021). "Diverging Interests: US Strategy in the Middle East," Parameters 50(4), 99-111.
4) Cox, R, W., (1994). Approaches from a Historical Materialist Tradition”, Mershon International Studies Review, 38(2), 366.
5) Dalacoura, K. (2012). Democracy as counter-terrorism in the Middle East: a red herring?. Uluslararası İlişkiler/International Relations, 101-114.
6) Deborah Gerner. (1985). “Foras oflitat wa sobol lam toslak, idarat Eisenhower wa al-Falastinion,” in Ghassan Salame (ed.) , al-seyasa al-Amricia wa al-Arab, Beirut: Center for Arab Unity Studies.
7) Dekhakhena, A. (2021). Fuelling Disdain: President Trump’s Policy towards the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, 2021, 21(2): 163-186.
8) El-Ghobashy, T. (2019). United States Recognizes Israeli Sovereignty Over the Golan Heights. Published online by Cambridge University Press,111(3), 613-619.
9) Erdogan, A. , Habash,L. (2020). U.S. Policy Toward the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict under the Trump Administration. Insight Turkey.22(1), 125-146.
10) Fathollah-Nejad, A. (2017). The Iranian–Saudi Hegemonic Rivalry. Iran Matters, 25. Available at:https:// https://dgap.org/en/research/publications/iranian-saudi-hegemonic-rivalry, , (Access on , 4 November, 2023).
11) Fleischman, S. E. (2004). Nature, Society, and Thought; Minneapolis.17(3), 309.
12) Gelvin, J. L. (2005). The Modern Middle East: A History. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
13) Gowan, Richard, 2023, “The Global South and the Ukraine War at the UN,” International Crisis Group, March 9th, 2023, https://www.crisisgroup.org/global-ukraine/global-south-and-ukraine-war-un.
14) Habashneh, S. (2008), “Determinants of Iranian foreign policy towards the United States of America 1979-2007”, Mu’tah Journal for Research and Studies, 23(5), 9-54.
15) Hosseini Jou,S.M. (2016). The Role of US Foreign Policy in the Middle East. Middle East Political Review, 5(7).113-132.
16) Izhiman,A. (2020). US Middle East peace plan ‘lopsided’, says independent UN rights expert. Available at :US Middle East peace plan ‘lopsided’, says independent UN rights expert | UN News.
17) Jakes,L., Halbfinger, D.M.( Nov. 18, 2019). In Shift, U.S. Says Israeli Settlements in West Bank Do Not Violate International Law. , Available at:https:// In Shift, U.S. Says Israeli Settlements in West Bank Do Not Violate International Law - The New York Times (nytimes.com), (Access on , 4 November, 2023).
18) Jones,T.C. (2012). America, Oil, and War in the Middle East. Journal of American History,99(1), 208-218.
19) Joseph. S. Nye. (195). ‘The case for deep engagement’, Foreign Affairs 74(7), 90–102.
20) Khidhir, Z. M. (2021) US Foreign Policy Goals in the Middle East Between 2011 and 2021. Foreign Policy Review, 14 3, 164-182.
21) Kriaa,B. (2021). "Trump's Legacy in the Middle East: Strategic Shift and the Geopolitics of American Foreign Policy in the Region". Dissertations and Theses. Paper 5801.
22) Lazin, F.A. (2023). President Donald Trump's Abraham Accords initiative: Prospects for Israel, the Arab states, and Palestinians. Politics & Policy,51(7), 476–487.
23) Little, D. (2002). American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East since 1945 (pp. 119-120). Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.
24) Malik, S. (2020). Demographic Transfer” and a New “Jerusalem” between Abu Dis and Shuafat. Alaraby Aljadeed, 29/01/2020 (accessed on 03/02/2023).
25) Maloney,F. (2001). America and Iran: From Containment to Coexistence. The Brookings Institution, 8(1),1-15.
26) Mearsheimer, J. and Walt, S. (2016) ‘The Case for Offshore Balancing: A Superior US Grand Strategy’, Foreign Affairs, 95 (6), pp. 70–82.
27) Mearsheimer, J. M. (2001). The tragedy of great power politics. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc.
28) Modigs,R. (2003). United States Foreign Policy in the Middle East after the Cold War. thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree.
29) Quilliam, N., Vakil,S. (2023). The Abraham Accords and Israel–UAE normalization. Middle East and North Africa Programme,12(8).1-24.
30) Rogers, Paul, 2006, “Lebanon: War Takes Root,” OpenDemocracy, August 2nd, 2006, https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/war_israel_3793jsp/.
31) Rose, G. (2020). ‘Legal Considerations concerning Recognition of Israeli Sovereignty over the Golan Heights, Australian International Law Journal ,185-209.
32) Rourke, J. T., & Boyer, M. A. (2010). International politics on the world stage: Brief (8th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
33) RUDNER,M. (2004). The Intelligence Coalition Against Islamic Terrorism, International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 17:2, 193-230, DOI: 10.1080/08850600490274890.
34) Salman, H. M. (2020). Meaning and Consequences of Shifting of USA Embassy to Jerusalem in 2018. Riphah International University, . Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3720217, (Access on , 4 November, 2023).
35) Samer Bakkour (2016), ‘Dynamics of Middle East Peace Process in the Era of US Hegemony: 1950-2000,’ Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 10, no. 2: 58-71.
36) Sher, G., Cohen,D. (January 23). The Trump Administration’s Statement on Israeli Settlements: Legal Status and Political Reality. Center for the Middle East. (Access on , 4 November, 2023).
37) Sheren, Khalel. (2019). “Eight Key Moments of U.S. Support for Israel, Long Before Trump’s ‘Deal of the Century, Available at:https:// https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/eight-moments-history-US-support-Israel-Trump-deal-of-the-century, (Access on , 4 November, 2023).
38) Shukri, Nawzad A,. (2017). Explaining U.S. Foreign Policy towards Kurdistan Region of Iraq (2003-2015). University of Leicester. Thesis. https://hdl.handle.net/2381/39353.
39) Sokolsky, R. & Miller, A., 2016. Donald Trump’s Middle East Promises: Can He Keep Them? Available at:https:// policycommons.net/artifacts.donald-trumps-middle-east-promises/1405282/ , (Access on , 4 November, 2023).
40) Spykman, N. J. (2007). American’s strategy in world politics: The United States and the balance of power. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishing.
41) TIlovska-Kechedji, E. (2018). “Israeli-Palestinian Relations: Waging for Peace or Lost Desperately”. International E-Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, 4(10), 120-130.
42) Tschirgi, D. (2019). Trump and Palestine: The Crowning of an American Approach. UNISCI Journal, 17(50):53-72.
43) Ustuntagh. T, Atmaca. A.O. (2018). The US Bases and Their Contributions to US Hegemony. The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations,49(2), 57-87.
44) William Albert A. (2006). “Israel and the Palestinians in U.S. Foreign Policy Past – Present – Future,” Unpublished Master’s Thesis, University of Georgia, 2006, retrieved December 18, 2019, from https://bit. ly/371RxDl, p. 34.
45) Yom,S. (2020). US Foreign Policy in the Middle East: The Logic of Hegemonic Retreat. Global Policy,11(1), 75-83.
46) Zeidan , D. (2001). The Islamic Fundamentalist View of Life As A Perennial Battle. Middle East Review of International Affairs,5(4). 26-53.
47) Ziadeh, I. (2017). “The Future Position of the United States on the Palestinian Issue under President Trump”. Berlin, Arab Democratic Center for Strategic, Political and Economic Studies.
