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Open Access Article
1 - The Effectiveness of Waste Segregation Training on the Environmental Attitude of Female Members of Isfahan Municipality Cultural Centers
محمد علی نادی Hamid Reza RezvaniThe rapid population growth, urbanization, continuous economic development, industrialization, and increased well-being of people have led to a rise in the production of municipal solid waste. One effective approach to promote recycling in waste management is to educate MoreThe rapid population growth, urbanization, continuous economic development, industrialization, and increased well-being of people have led to a rise in the production of municipal solid waste. One effective approach to promote recycling in waste management is to educate individuals on waste separation at its source. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of waste segregation training on the environmental attitudes of female members of Isfahan Municipality Cultural Centers. This study is practical in its purpose and follows a two-stage exploratory research design, utilizing a mixed-methods approach (qualitative and quantitative). The first stage involved qualitative research, where a waste segregation training package was developed based on thematic analysis. The second stage was quantitative, aiming to determine the effectiveness of the waste segregation training. In the quantitative phase, a semi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design was conducted. Sixty female members of cultural centers in Isfahan city were selected and assigned to experimental and control groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS23 software. The results revealed a significant difference in the environmental attitude variable between the control and experimental groups in both the post-test and follow-up phases (p < 0.001). The average environmental attitude scores in both the post-test and follow-up stages were higher in the experimental group than the control group. Considering the study's findings and the importance of waste management, we recommend that the government and high-level officials provide financial support for environmental training programs in society. Environmental education, particularly waste separation education, supports environmental preservation and leads to substantial savings in energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Entrepreneurship of Women (Case Study of Industrial Park of Tehran and Semnan)
Afsaneh Varestefar Mahnaz VakilifardEntrepreneur is someone who accepts financial risks to enter into business to develop and expand new products through creativity and innovation and to overcome rivals. Women entrepreneurial has a prominent role in the economy, economists, know entrepreneurs as economic MoreEntrepreneur is someone who accepts financial risks to enter into business to develop and expand new products through creativity and innovation and to overcome rivals. Women entrepreneurial has a prominent role in the economy, economists, know entrepreneurs as economic growth and development in the community .Given the current situation, and large bureaucratic state, the government is facing with youth and women unemployment and to solve this problem is to identify the factors influencing women entrepreneurship and barriers to provide entrepreneurship development by cultural diversity and finding new sources of women's entrepreneurship. For this purpose, qualitative research and theoretical study, library, interviews in field offices method are used. Of the population among entrepreneurs 130 people in Tehran 4 people, 77 people Semnan, 4 people, were opened interviewed randomly targeted and unstructured and elements and obstacles have been extracted among interviews, results indicate that environmental barriers have greater effect on women's entrepreneurship that needs government's support for entrepreneurship development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Misogynous Statements in Nahj ul-Balāgha: A Non-Confessional Analysis
negar Zeilabi Marziye MohasesThe misogynous narratives that were reflected in Nahj ul-Balāgha, are typically understood as such by decontextualizing the statements and embedding them in the modern framework. Given the incongruity between the traditional statement and the feminist viewpoints of the MoreThe misogynous narratives that were reflected in Nahj ul-Balāgha, are typically understood as such by decontextualizing the statements and embedding them in the modern framework. Given the incongruity between the traditional statement and the feminist viewpoints of the modern era, the statements- as part of Islamic and especially, Shiite tradition- are inconsonantly compared with the modern outlooks. The present paper shows that many of those statements regarding women in Nahj ul-Balāgha are not buttressed by any reliable evidence as well as the content of those statements could be traced in the bulk of similar statements in the literary works written after the fourth century A.H. Moreover, given the cultural circumstances of the time that Nahj ul-Balāgha was embedded in, those attitudes towards women are intelligible and also they were accepted and considered to be consonant with the popular mentalities wrought into the historical and literary works contemporary with compiling Nahj ul-Balāgha and those composed in the subsequent centuries. To expound this hypothesis, attempts are made to analyze the evidence, context as well as cultural mentalities about women in Nahj ul-Balāgha, and its exegeses and sundry literary and historical texts produced up to the 6th/12th century in order to compare those texts with the former. The approach is non-confessional Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Bound woman Role in the Middle ages on the basis of its name
فریبا کاظم نیاIn this study is investigated the “bound woman role” or the behavioralnorms from them in the middle ages the hypothesis is that nominatingis the first protruding of “bound woman role”, and there muse be aetiological relation between the “bo MoreIn this study is investigated the “bound woman role” or the behavioralnorms from them in the middle ages the hypothesis is that nominatingis the first protruding of “bound woman role”, and there muse be aetiological relation between the “bound woman role” and hencenominating. On this basis, at first are surveyed the bound womannames as the title denoting feminine beauty and lookingcharacteristics, kindly names, humiliating names, work derivativenames, behavioral worth names, blessing names and the names takenfrom the locations in order to acquiring the nomination patterns. Then,these patterns are compared with the social roles obtained from thehistorical facts in order to answer the question that what kind ofrelation was between the “bound woman role” and its slavery andgender in the middle ages? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Slave-girls: Social-legal situation in Mughul-Īlkhānān-’s period
فریبا کاظم نیاIt is necessary to investigate various stratums of Iranian society in past erasin order to know that society and the acts of its social groups. Thisknowledge wouldn’t accomplish unless paying attention to contemplate onslavery’s situation – such as Sla MoreIt is necessary to investigate various stratums of Iranian society in past erasin order to know that society and the acts of its social groups. Thisknowledge wouldn’t accomplish unless paying attention to contemplate onslavery’s situation – such as Slave-girls and Servants who were dwelling inthat society plentifully.“Did the mentioned Slave girls have any changeable social position?”, inorder to answer to this question, this essay takes a look at the situation ofsuch social groups on Mughul-Īlkhānān period and verifies the ways of theacquisition of Slave-girls, their situation and special affairs, their functionsin Iranian society of that period, judicial laws and rules relevant to them, andtheir achievement to liberty. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Women's Missionary: Reflections on Mariy Bird's Propaganda Goals and Methods with Emphasis on Book of Persian Women and Their Creed
Mansour Tarafdari Jafar Nouri Mohammadreza MaleksabetDuring the nineteenth century, due to factors such as the domination of Western colonialists in the East and the gradual improvement of relations, the presence of Christian missionaries in Iran and the Islamic world became more widespread. Meanwhile, the church sent a f MoreDuring the nineteenth century, due to factors such as the domination of Western colonialists in the East and the gradual improvement of relations, the presence of Christian missionaries in Iran and the Islamic world became more widespread. Meanwhile, the church sent a female missionary named Mary Rebecca Stuart Bird (1859–1914) as part of a medical mission, paving the way for relatively new phenomena in the process of missionary activity, which can be called women's missionary work. What makes this concept even more meaningful is not only the emphasis on the role of women missionaries, but also the focus on the propagation of Christianity among women. Accordingly, the present article tries to examine Mary Bird's book entitled Persian Women and Their Creed and of course the use of other sources and research to explain this female missionary and for the basic research questions, namely the nature of her mission, her approach to Islam, His methods and propaganda tools to find a suitable answer. According to the research findings, the type of approach to Islam, the skillful use of different angles in propaganda, the use of medical needs and social problems of women are very important in advancing the ideal goal of Mary Bird, trying to Christianize Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - A Review on Zanȃn-i- Khȃndȃn-i- ‘Asr-i-Tiymûrȋ (The Women of TimårÊd Dynasty)
Seyyed Hadi ZabihiAlthough the Timurid period is one of the most important periods in the history of Iran, it has been less studied. One of the neglected fields of research of this period is the study of the status and role of Timurid women. The book The Women of Timurid Dynasty is a boo MoreAlthough the Timurid period is one of the most important periods in the history of Iran, it has been less studied. One of the neglected fields of research of this period is the study of the status and role of Timurid women. The book The Women of Timurid Dynasty is a book that deals with this topic and is therefore praiseworthy. The present review is organized in two parts: firstly, an overview of the book chapters and secondly general imperfections of the book which includes: incorrect way of using sources and references, overcoming of feminist view and contradiction, lack of attention to details, lack of definitive analysis and obvious comments and Incorrect historical claims. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Policy capacity,Understand the Discursive field and the issue of women's political participation
zeynab mirali seyed khoondi Ali ashraf Nazari Sadegh ZibakalamBackground: Policy capacity is one of the most basic concepts in the study of public policy that addresses gaps and factors related to why policies are not implemented. In this article, the problems and shortcomings for the non-implementation of these policies in the fi MoreBackground: Policy capacity is one of the most basic concepts in the study of public policy that addresses gaps and factors related to why policies are not implemented. In this article, the problems and shortcomings for the non-implementation of these policies in the field of women's political participation at the elite level (1997-2020) explained. Then, based on the model, at three levels of conceptual-analytical, operational and political that each of these three competencies include resources or capabilities at three different levels of individual, organizational and systemic, were examined.Objective: To introduce the policy capacity as a new concept in the literature of political participation in Iran, upon which the boundaries and gaps between laws and practice can be examined.Method:This research has been done using “Q method” for classifying and scoring propositions and "critical discourse analysis". Findings:The results show that "individual" and "organizational" attitudes in the "analytical" dimension are the most important factors influencing women's political participation. Conclusion: discussion of the policy capacity based on its specific discourse space, which in the present study is women's political participation, should highlight other definitions and factors, such as cultural and ideological conditions that have a direct impact on the implementation of policies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - The effect of glass ceiling on the non-use of female executives in governmental organizations in Mazandaran province
Zahra Ataf iman Ghasemi Hamedani Mahnaz Haj AlianBackground and Objectives: The woman has been the subject of discussion of divine religions, poets, writers, anthropologists, and sociologists for the time being, due to the difference between the wisdom of God in man and his gender. In spite of the desirable results of MoreBackground and Objectives: The woman has been the subject of discussion of divine religions, poets, writers, anthropologists, and sociologists for the time being, due to the difference between the wisdom of God in man and his gender. In spite of the desirable results of women's management in organizations, most top managers in organizations tend to choose male managers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of glass ceiling on the non-use of female managers in governmental organizations of Mazandaran province. Research method: This research is a survey based on the purpose of the applied type and according to the method of collecting the survey data and correlation type. Library and field studies were used to collect data and the research questionnaire included 71 questions. This study was performed on 140 female managers in governmental organizations of Mazandaran province and data analysis was done using SPSS software and T test. Results: The results of the research hypothesis test indicated that, according to their self-maladaptive variables, socialization at the glass ceiling, the lack of employment of women in management positions was effective. The results of the first hypothesis test using t-test showed that the average of the calculated mean of the real mean of the variable and the average level is equal to 0.256. It can be concluded that the glass ceiling influences the non-use of female managers. The results of the second hypothesis test using T test showed that the average of the calculated mean of the real mean of the variable and the average level was equal to 76.8, which suggests that self-incapacity is effective in not employing female managers. Also, the result of the third hypothesis is using The T test showed that the mean difference between the real mean of the variable and the average level is equal to 571/0. Therefore, the social empowerment of women's disability is affected by the lack of use of female managers. Conclusion: The root causes of the lack of a significant number of women in management jobs are related to cultural beliefs. This research, like other research, has confirmed the attitude of society and stereotypical views of decision-makers as one of the important factors in promoting women's leadership in management jobs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - International Entrepreneurship Barriers of Women Entrepreneurs in Iran
Sahar AhmadianDespite the importance of international entrepreneurship and its obstacles among Iranian women, this importance has not been paid much attention in past studies. Therefore, this research has investigated the obstacles to women's international entrepreneurship in Iran. T MoreDespite the importance of international entrepreneurship and its obstacles among Iranian women, this importance has not been paid much attention in past studies. Therefore, this research has investigated the obstacles to women's international entrepreneurship in Iran. The data collection method was a fuzzy Delphi questionnaire. The statistical population of the research included 20 female entrepreneurs in Tehran. First, 22 obstacles were extracted from the research literature, and after distribution to the statistical population, 3 other obstacles were suggested by them and added to the questionnaire. The statistical analysis of the research was done using Exell and descriptive statistics including mean, mode. and average. The results of data processing showed that the obstacles to Iranian women's entrepreneurship in order of priority are; Weakness in communication and communication skills, inadequate support of the government and officials for women's social activities, lack of familiarity with the process of internationalization, intersection of company affairs with family and personal issues, severe and unhealthy competition in society, lack of familiarity with marketing and sales of products, lack of Financial independence of women, high costs related to production, lack of transparency of work procedures and complexity of the international process, socio-cultural barriers, lack of required initial capital, lack of sufficient self-confidence of women, cumbersome laws and legal procedures, unpredictability of social events. excessive exchange rate fluctuations, fear of failure, lack of risk-taking spirit, patriarchy in society and restrictive prejudices regarding women's activities, lack of women's management spirit, lack of women's entrepreneurial spirit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Prioritization of the role of woman in family based on Islamic approach A case study: Kimiya (a TV. Serial)
Mahdi FarajipakThe aim of the present study was to investigate if the serial Kimiya was successful in representing the protagonist (Kimiya) in her three functions as: as wife, mother and citizen. The second purpose was the prioritization of these functions from the audience viewpoint MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate if the serial Kimiya was successful in representing the protagonist (Kimiya) in her three functions as: as wife, mother and citizen. The second purpose was the prioritization of these functions from the audience viewpoint by descriptive survey method. In this regard participants were randomly chosen from master degree students of human sciences and technical engineering College in Dezfoulazad University. Among them 205 were purposeful random sampling chosen based on stratified sampling Morgan table. We collocated date by library and field study method. We, first determined the three functions of woman; wife, mother and citizen based on Islamic resources. Thus a questionnaire was made as a tool for data collecting with the three functions of woman as its main components. The scale reliability was consented by religion scholars and family thinkers. Scale validity was estimated at 87% by Cronbach alpha coefficient. After carrying out the poll, the data was analyzed by Spss and T test and Friedman Test. Despite the religion scholars who prioritize the function of woman as wife, first, mother, second and citizen, third, participants in this study believe that the function of woman as wife and citizen was more than average and as mother, below average. So, according to the audience the main function of woman in this serial is citizen, a function which is considered a minor one by Islamic scholars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Explaining the role of virtual social networks on the economic behavior of Tehran women in the post-sanctions period with emphasis on the feminization of the home economy
Nima Bazazzadegan seyed ali rahmanzadeh Afsaneh MozaffariAccording to Thomas and Zananiki, attitudes are separate mental processes that determine the actual and potential responses of each person in the social world. This study seeks to analyze the effects of cyberspace on the economic behaviors of Tehran women in the post-sa MoreAccording to Thomas and Zananiki, attitudes are separate mental processes that determine the actual and potential responses of each person in the social world. This study seeks to analyze the effects of cyberspace on the economic behaviors of Tehran women in the post-sanctions period, using the theories of cyberspace and economic behavior. The type of this research is applied and the main method is survey. The statistical population consists of women over 20 years old in Tehran and were selected and studied by cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The reliability of the data collection tool was done with Cronbach's alpha coefficient and content validity (expert validity) was done through CVR index or Lauche coefficient. The results show that economic behavior, which is a dependent variable and has the dimensions of economic orientation, economic action and economic cognition, has been moderately downward. The relationship between cyberspace usage and economic behavior, economic action, economic orientation has been significant and the hypothesis is confirmed, but the relationship between cyberspace usage and economic knowledge is not significant and the hypothesis is not confirmed. The number of visits to blogs, forums and wikis have a direct impact on economic behavior. The number of visits to blogs, microblogs and forums have a direct impact on economic performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Content Analysis of Women's Social Harms in Movies (Case of Study: the Phenomenon of Addiction in the first three Decades after the Islamic Revolution)
Mehdi MokhtarpourCinema, due to its visual appeal and propaganda power in today's advanced world, has attracted the attention of those involved in various economic, cultural, political and social fields around the world. The main purpose of this study is the content analysis of women's MoreCinema, due to its visual appeal and propaganda power in today's advanced world, has attracted the attention of those involved in various economic, cultural, political and social fields around the world. The main purpose of this study is the content analysis of women's social harms in movies with emphasis on the phenomenon of addiction in the first three decades after the Islamic Revolution. In this research, the history of Iranian cinema has been studied using the documentary method. In the review of films made with the theme of addiction, those that deal with women's addiction have been selected and examined. Also, in the field of reviewing the theories related to addiction, life-oriented theory, drug subculture theory, incomplete mourning theory and social deviation theory, the documentary method has been used. Then, the films were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method based on research questions and categories. The findings show that the representation of changes in the type of drugs used has been somewhat influenced by reality. The distribution of the production of films that deal with the subject of women's addiction, considering that we are facing a growth of more than two percent of women's addiction in the country since the late seventies, despite the small number, seems appropriate. A total of three films on addiction were made in the 1960s and 1970s, and six in the 1980s. However, the small number of these films shows the neglect of the subject and the limitations of representing women addiction in our cinema. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Female Criminology in Relation with Cyberspace and Cybercrime
MohammadSajjad Sajjadi Abbas Sheikholeslami Mohsen Vahedian Azimi Mohsen MalekanIntroduction: Considering the difference in the type and number of crimes committed by women, the growth of cyber space in the last decade and women trend toward online businesses, its more physical security and its availability for everyone, this issue is considered as MoreIntroduction: Considering the difference in the type and number of crimes committed by women, the growth of cyber space in the last decade and women trend toward online businesses, its more physical security and its availability for everyone, this issue is considered as one of the biasing factors of omen crimes.Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted on all computer crime documents divided by year. Data analyzed using SPSS18 software.Results: The study showed that women’s cyberspace crime ratio to the total women’s crime in comparison with total cyberspace crime ratio to total crime was 1/3 and 0.6 respectively (almost double) in the four years of study. The proportion of women’s cyber crime out of total cybercrime was 16.6% and women’s total crime out of total crime was 7.5%. Moreover, the maximum crime was related to fraud and minimum was related to hacking. There were no significant difference between other crime patterns. Conclusion: The lack of significant differences between honor crimes (unauthorized access, hacking, publication of lies and publication of obscene images) with other crimes in this study indicates that women's crimes are in conflict with their feminine role (motherhood and wife) to be less harmful the family system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Study Effective Factors on the Presence Level of Women in Networks Social of Virtual (Case Study: Women in Tehran)
Leila Niroomand Shayesteh ZohabiPublic access to virtual social networks and the exponential increase of internet penetration in iran and along with increasing several women sites, blogs, and information data base, on this world wide, result in a special consideration of users to thess networks. The p MorePublic access to virtual social networks and the exponential increase of internet penetration in iran and along with increasing several women sites, blogs, and information data base, on this world wide, result in a special consideration of users to thess networks. The purpose of research on factors affecting women's participation in social networks is virtual. The study of the quiddity of quantitative research is the purpose of the application. The statistical population of the present study is consisting of tehran resident women. The statistical sample is consisting of 400 individuals. To data collection a self-constructed questionnaire after confirming the validity and reliability was used. There was a positive significant relationship between all of the variables (including type of the relationship by intimate trust, conservative, using the advantages, type of activity, number of expected applications, and frequency of the networks) and presence of women in social networks (p<0.01). Also the results suggested that there’s a significant and positive relationship between awareness (knowledge) of women and their participation in social networks (p<0.01). Given that much of the studied women were in favor of women presence in the cyberspace and social networks, it is necessary it is essential that create an appropriate notification and culture in this area to women use cyberspace only for raising their awareness and useful chores Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Effective Factors on the Presence Level of Tehran Women in Networks Social of Virtual
Leila Niroomand Shayesteh ZohabiPublic access to virtual social networks and the exponential increase of Internet penetration in Iran and along with increasing several women sites, blogs, and information data base, on this World Wide, result in a special consideration of users to thess networks. The p MorePublic access to virtual social networks and the exponential increase of Internet penetration in Iran and along with increasing several women sites, blogs, and information data base, on this World Wide, result in a special consideration of users to thess networks. The purpose of research on factors affecting women's participation in social networks is virtual. The study of the quiddity of quantitative research is the purpose of the application. The statistical population of the present study is consisting of Tehran Resident women. The statistical sample is consisting of 400 individuals. To data collection a self-constructed questionnaire after confirming the validity and reliability was used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Reading Gender Components in Shopping Centers design in Tehran (Case Studies : Palladium , Koroush , Tirāgeh-2 Shopping Center, and kuwatihaie Reza Passage)
reyhaneh khorrami rouz M ohammad Mnsour Falamaki vida nourouzSocial contexts are the most important areas for space users, and factors such as age, gender, and social class can be studied in this regard. Gender is a social category that has always been influenced by the culture of the community and changes over time and thus diff MoreSocial contexts are the most important areas for space users, and factors such as age, gender, and social class can be studied in this regard. Gender is a social category that has always been influenced by the culture of the community and changes over time and thus differs from the term sex, which refers to this from the point of view of biological and physical differences. Considering the sociality of gender, this paper seeks to study the relationship between gender and space along with the quality surveys of shopping malls as a public urban space so that it is possible to introduce a space with specific components, and also these components can be used in architectural design and as well as the needs of all gender groups in this space can be met. Since studies show that women’s needs are more important because of their responsibilities and limitations and because of their sensitivities, the space they deserve is suitable for both sexes. Therefore; this study focuses on the needs and perceptions of this group.The research method used is a qualitative research method in the form of case studies where Palladium Shopping Center in northern Tehran, Cyrus Shopping Center in the west of Tehran, Tirāgeh-2 Shopping Center in the east of Tehran and Reza Kuwaitis Passage in the south of Tehran have been investigated and observed. These shopping centers were selected in four geographical locations of Tehran for the reason that the results could be generalized to the whole city of Tehran.The results of the analysis of shopping malls space in Tehran provide some indicators that have been considered as effective factors in measuring the desirability and undesirability of space and measuring the effectiveness of space design. This level of space efficiency is one of the qualitative criteria for measuring space because each person seeks to meet their needs in the environment and when the environment provides the right conditions and the individual can do less effort to achieve his goals, it is a satisfaction and desirability for him/her, and the achievement of this feeling in the environment is the expectation that each person expects the space s/he desires.The results indicate that the qualitative components referred to, will cause different users to have different uses of space in terms of gender. But surveying shopping centers in Tehran shows that women are not passive while using space, and sometimes they resist the loss of their rights in urban areas and sometimes actively produce their own items. To create their needed security, they ignore some routes, choose other routes or visit the shopping center in a group. Whether they need to rest in spaces where this need is not foreseen, they use side steps or platforms next to space. These behaviors can be interpreted as the redefinition of space, which varies from person to person depending on their perception of space and their needs. Finally, if space is not reproducible and flexible for necessary uses, they will avoid attending the space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Evaluating the Effective Factors on the Quality of Women Leisure from Interactionist Approach in Urban Mixed-use Centers (Case study: Kourosh mixed-used center)
Sharin Shirmohamadian Shadi AziziThe fundamental changes in industrial and post-industrial societies have changed the concepts of work, residence, and leisure. In this situation leisure has become one of the most crucial needs of human life and a wide range of social theories has been used to expand ou MoreThe fundamental changes in industrial and post-industrial societies have changed the concepts of work, residence, and leisure. In this situation leisure has become one of the most crucial needs of human life and a wide range of social theories has been used to expand our understanding of leisure experiences and the role of leisure in societies. Today the definition of leisure is more complicated by the ambiguity situation of work and leisure, especially in citizenship life. However, even though many studies have reported leisure as functionalist, Marxist, neo-Marxist and feminist approaches, there has been very little research reported on the interactionist approach. This approach addressed the attributes of leisure in dramatic lifestyle changes. People's job is no longer the mere sign of social class and personal identity. Todays the differences between people will be more distinctive by their leisure activities. From this view, leisure is one of the fundamental factors for social cohesion, identical definition, and social interactions. Meeting this need requires physical locations, and the urban spaces have a vast potential to respond to this need. Urban spaces have a foremost role in leisure activities especially for women who always faced challenges in public places. Before second-Pahlavi dynasty, women presence just was common in Mosque, Bath, and Bazar without a man. So many various cultural limitations and beliefs keep women away from many public spaces during the history of our county. The absence of women in urban spaces leads to their inability to making relationships and suppress their identity. The purchase was the only activity that allows women to be present in the realm of men in the past. Today's Mixed-use centers are new urban places that make legitimate the presence of women from different social classes in the urban space. In these places, women can find a new identity for themselves, other than being a woman or a mother of children. Today's mixed-use centers are becoming new urban places that provide an opportunity to purchase besides a lot of other activities for women. Considering the importance of leisure for women as a source of identity, in the present study, Kourosh mixed-used center is selected as one of the new urban places which contain diverse meanings and activities than other public spaces like coffee shops and restaurants in Tehran metropolis. The aim of this article is evaluating the role of mixed-use centers as new spaces of urban interactions in the quality of women leisure. Literature review in recent leisure fields based on interactionist approaches categorize that three variables into activity fragmentation, activity synchronization, and communication (socialize and speaking). The influence of these variables analyzes by statistical analysis as fieldwork in Kurosh Mixed-use center. The data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 384 women randomly in Kurosh center. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The result shows that women leisure has a significant correlation to the activity fragmentation and activity synchronization, yet there is no significant correlation between women leisure and communication (socialize and speaking). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Explaining and Regenerating of the Effective Powers to enhance the Quality of Women's Presence with the Iranian-Islamic Approach
Hamid Pour Hosein Roshan Mohammad Reza Pourjafar Hamid Reza SaremiPublic spaces are a place for meeting everyday needs and public life in cities. These spaces change over time, based on socioeconomic and cultural conditions. The suitability of the urban spaces depends on the ability of them to respond on the needs of their users. Desp MorePublic spaces are a place for meeting everyday needs and public life in cities. These spaces change over time, based on socioeconomic and cultural conditions. The suitability of the urban spaces depends on the ability of them to respond on the needs of their users. Despite the fact that women consist half the city's population, does not pay attention to the design and construction of urban spaces. It is necessary is to explain the intellectual definitions of women in relation to urban spaces so that can be extracted the factors that increase the quality of women's presence in these spaces. Urban spaces around the holy shrines because of its religious nature have created a good bed for the free and secure presence of women without gender-based attitudes. This research has tried to explain the qualities of special urban spaces (the space around holy shrines) from the Perceptual-Semantic System of Women so answer the reasons for the presence of women in different spaces. Since the purpose of this research is the semantic perception of women from urban spaces, qualitative methodology has been selected as the dominant methodology and ethnographic research method for conducting research operations and the basis theory method for analyzing data. The participants comprise thirty-five women from Rasht's Sagharizan and Lahijan's Gaabune neighborhood. A targeted sampling method was used to select the participants. The data in this study were collected using open observation, participatory observation and interviewing. In this research, the field theory approach, which is one of the methods for analyzing qualitative data, is used to analyze the data. The findings of this study were based on the frameworks presented in the qualitative method and the underlying theory. The textual data and interviews were collected from 35 women in urban spaces Around Holy Shrines in order to open the line for extracting the initial coding concepts. Qualitative findings using the Grounded theory showed that the eight factors of the total observer, respect for space, hidden mental territory, fear of fault, hope for encouragement, educational dimension of space and privacy as essential powers are effective in increasing the presence of women. The obtained findings can be generalized in urban spaces in the following cases: Observer: In the components of observer women, lady's directors, and family presence and ... the ability to represent. Hidden Space Matter: Creating educational and promotional dimensions in a set to change the realm of space users will prepare women and men for space presence .Encourage good behaviors in space: Such a kind of perspective and management will provide a strong pivotal education, especially for lower age groups. Education axis space: Urban space is required to emphasize the proper behaviors of the space .Fear of mistake: Using management and control rules to deal with inappropriate behaviors and hidden cybercrime in space. Participation in space change: the presence of women in space change and change. In this way , the body and space behavior will be corrected, and the requirements of all the groups will be present. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Review onWomens Attendancy in Urban Space
Razieh Rezazadeh Maryam MohammadiUrban spaces are domains for public and communal life. Presence and activity in public open spaces, not only provides place for face to face interaction between people, is also effective in creating vitality and contributing to mental and spiritual health of users MoreUrban spaces are domains for public and communal life. Presence and activity in public open spaces, not only provides place for face to face interaction between people, is also effective in creating vitality and contributing to mental and spiritual health of users. There are two main perspectives which are inclusionary and exclusionary perspectives to women presence in urban spaces. Modern society with the slogan of equality of men and women produced environments which was insensitive to different requirements due to gender difference. It took men's needs as the prototype of human needs and hence produced male responsive environments, of which women had to adopt themselves to it. The planning and design profession was gender blind in this sense. Zoning regulations and transportation policies all reinforced exclusion of women from active urban life and created additional obstacles for working mothers. This article studies the inclusionary perspective to presence of women in urban open spaces in relation to globalization theories as well as Islamic viewpoints. In this article, the necessity of women's presence in urban open space is discussed based on the requirements to respond to their basic needs which in turn require interaction in space. Here presence of women is an aim to itself. Also the necessity of women presence in space is discussed based on the viewpoints of civil society and citizenship rights which would emphasize their right as equal citizens to participate in and enjoy the urban life. Principle of pluralistic citizenship requires the presence of all groups including women as one criterion for civil society. In other words presence of women is not an aim to itself, but a means to achieve broader goals and basic principles In addition, there is emphasize on the significance and authenticity of family and through this perspective, presence of women is justified in the urban environment to respond not only to their personal needs but also to respond to the needs of people under their care, namely children, sick and elderly. There is a joint cause supporting women's presence in urban space and that is equity which is respected both by Islamic philosophy as well as contemporary global perspectives which justifies and aims for easing presence of women in public domain and urban space. This article also reports on a neighborhood study in Tehran. The results of the study shows that in general necessary activities are the major cause for presence of both gender groups in urban spaces, however there are gender differences. Women presence is significantly higher in urban spaces for conducting their necessary activities, such as daily shopping while men's presence for social and optional activities are much higher than women's. This shows that probably there are physical obstacles as well as social perspectives which keep women out of urban space for their social and optional activities. It is important in that sense that the most public of spaces are not suitable and do not respond to the need to perform social and optional activities of women proposing equity question. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Comparison of Women's Satisfaction and Empowerment through an Asset-Based Approach in Formal and Informal Settlements (Case Study: Zafaraniyeh and Rezvanshahr Neighborhoods in Tabriz)
Raheleh Abdollahi Solmaz Babazadeh Oskouei -
Open Access Article
22 - Investigating Cross-Cultural Differences in the Privacy Regulation and Perception of Crowding (Northern and Kurdish Women in Iran)
Fatemeh Mohammad Niay Gharaei -
Open Access Article
23 - Endogenous Development; an Alternative for De-escalation of Identity Crisis among Iranian Women and Their Houses
Masoomeh Yaghoobi Sangherchi Seyed Gholamreza Islami -
Open Access Article
24 - Association Between Dietary Atherogenic Index and Risk of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study in Tehranian Women
Parisa Navidgouei Behnood Abbasi Sedigheh HosseiniPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Dietary fatty acids may play a role in the progression of PCOS and related metabolic abnormalities. We conducted a case-control st MorePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Dietary fatty acids may play a role in the progression of PCOS and related metabolic abnormalities. We conducted a case-control study to examine the association between dietary atherogenic index (AI) and PCOS risk. The study included 203 women with PCOS and 291 healthy controls from Taleghenai Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Demographic, anthropometric, and dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. AI was calculated based on dietary fatty acid intake. Participants’ mean ages were 28.98±5.43 and 30.15±6.21 years for cases and controls, respectively. No significant differences in intakes of total fat, cholesterol, saturated, trans, monounsaturated fatty acids, linoleic, or linolenic acids were observed across AI quartiles (p>0.05). However, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake decreased significantly with increasing AI quartiles (p=0.034). In addition, this case-control study found no relationship between the dietary atherogenic index and the risk of PCOS among Iranian women. Further research is needed to validate these findings and elucidate the role of dietary fatty acids in PCOS pathogenesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - The relation of household food security with osteoporosis in 40-50 year non-menopausal women referred to Karaj DEXA center
Maryam Naderi Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh Abolghassem Djazayery -
Open Access Article
26 - Identifying and enhancing the distinctive consumption patterns of women in the sports goods industry
zahra barzegaryazdi nima majedi mehdi naderi nasabThe purpose of the current research was to identify and expand the effective factors on women's consumption patterns in the field of sports goods. The research method was mixed in terms of data collection, which was qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population o MoreThe purpose of the current research was to identify and expand the effective factors on women's consumption patterns in the field of sports goods. The research method was mixed in terms of data collection, which was qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population of the research included experts and specialists in the fields of management, marketing and sports management, doctoral students in the field of sports marketing and women who are provided with sports services. A sufficient number of statistical samples were selected in the qualitative part based on theoretical saturation (16 people and 28 documents) and in the quantitative part they were selected using the available targeted method (360 people). Also, its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha test (0.91) and composite reliability. Qualitative part analysis was done with Maxqda software, and quantitative part analysis was done with Smart PLS3 structural equation model software. The findings of the research showed that the conceptual framework of the current research included five parts of environmental factors, consumption prerequisites, society values and norms, demographic characteristics of reference groups, and improving the consumption of sports goods. Also, the values and norms have been examined from the two perspectives of society's values and consumption culture. In the quantitative part, it was found that most of the paths of relationships between the research components (except for the path of environmental factors -> improvement of consumption of sports goods) as well as the items with each of their factors are greater than 1.96 and significant, this significance indicates the correct prediction of the relationships. It is a research model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Developing an Interpretive Structural Model for the Development of Women's Volleyball in Iran With Qualitative and Qualitative Analysis Approach
Maryam Sarmast Mohammad pourkiani Jamshid SayarnejadWomen's volleyball has many shortcomings compared to international standards. The purpose of this study was making an interpretive structural model for the development of women's volleyball in Iran. The mixed method was used, including interviews and Charms approach wer MoreWomen's volleyball has many shortcomings compared to international standards. The purpose of this study was making an interpretive structural model for the development of women's volleyball in Iran. The mixed method was used, including interviews and Charms approach were used in the qualitative part, and interpretive structural analysis was used in the quantitative part. The participants included sports management experts, faculty members and volleyball experts. For semi-structured interviews, it was tried to use both people with academic education (members of the faculty of sports management, sociology, economics and educational sciences) and people with management experience in sports organizations and volleyball coaches and athletes. With the snowball sampling, 15 people in different areas were selected for interview. Coding was done using the Charms three-stage method and finally 7 selective components on the development of women's volleyball were identified which include removing organizational barriers, empowering human resources, environmental and hardware development, removing social barriers, development cultural, formulation of development strategies and sustainable development of women's volleyball. According to the findings, it can be said that the development of women's volleyball is more dependent on the implementation and implementation of extensive research projects, the adoption of equality policies in the allocation of funds and the employment of female managers, as well as basic training at the educational levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The role of conflict management strategies by mediating the psychological skills of coaches on sports performance in club teams of women's basketball leagues.
faranak Tayari ali mohammad safania Cambys Kamkari Shahre Shokarzadeh Jamshid HemtiThe purpose of the study is to address the role of conflict management strategies (control, competition and avoidance) and the extent of strategic conflict management preferences in coaches and teams under their leadership on team effectiveness (wins and losses, ranking MoreThe purpose of the study is to address the role of conflict management strategies (control, competition and avoidance) and the extent of strategic conflict management preferences in coaches and teams under their leadership on team effectiveness (wins and losses, ranking, and team durability). Investigating how a women's basketball coach prefers to work in a team and to what extent the choice of conflict resolution style affects team effectiveness. According to the review of the published literature, conflict arises in different stages of team formation and is inevitable. Although conflict reduces the productivity of a team, it can also be beneficial in increasing team performance. Team members in different positions prefer different styles to manage conflicts within a team, but there is still no research to determine the extent of these preferences among female basketball coaches, especially when talking about the impact of conflict management in real situations and team performance. be The purpose of the current study was to address this issue by examining and identifying strategic conflict management preferences and team results on team effectiveness (wins and losses, playoffs, rankings, and team longevity). Participants included female coaches from 41 teams in women's basketball, whose preferences were aggregated across three levels of league competition. Data were collected through a multi-part questionnaire to evaluate the study variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Identifying the Challenges of Women's Presence in Iran's Stadiums
Zohreh Pourdahande Abolfazl Farahani Ali Asghar Doroudian Shiva Azad FadaThe issue of the presence of women in Iranian stadiums has long been a topic of discussion and disagreement among the people of politics, jurisprudence, and sociology. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the challenges of women's presence in Iran's s MoreThe issue of the presence of women in Iranian stadiums has long been a topic of discussion and disagreement among the people of politics, jurisprudence, and sociology. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the challenges of women's presence in Iran's stadiums. The qualitative research method was qualitative content analysis. The statistical population of the research was made up of experts (university faculty members, lawyers, federation members, directors of the Ministry of Sports and Youth, directors of the National Olympic Committee and athletes). The data collection tool was through interviews. After conducting 20 interviews, the codes reached theoretical saturation. After step-by-step coding, 102 primary codes were obtained in the form of 17 sub-categories and 2 main categories: 1) infrastructural obstacles to the presence of women in stadiums, 2) jurisprudential challenges of women's presence in stadiums. . Regarding the obtained results, it can be said that paying attention to the educational status of women and their role in transferring the spirit of vitality and cheerfulness to the family, the presence of women both in sports fields and as spectators in competitions is not only incompatible with Islamic values. Rather, it is the basis for the country's movement in the path of progress, in other words, the presence of women will soften the male social life of the stadiums. If the functions of women's presence are explained more in advance by maintaining Shari'a affairs in many fields including sports . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The impact of women's prison recidivism
Sh. Moazemi Mahsa Shiravi M. SalehiThis article aims to explain the impact of the women's prison recidivism and recidivism released , using the theories of sociology and social problems such as anomie, labeling, criminal subculture, preferential association to investigate causes Women recidivism, as an i MoreThis article aims to explain the impact of the women's prison recidivism and recidivism released , using the theories of sociology and social problems such as anomie, labeling, criminal subculture, preferential association to investigate causes Women recidivism, as an important social problem in the community and to provide a way to reduce recidivism of released patients are the focus. The main question of this research is that the factors on recidivism and return to prison is effective in women. The methodology of this study with the use of questionnaire survey with observation and interviews. The target population is all prisoners in Rajai Shahr prison in 1390. The sample of 200 male and female prisoners were divided into control and experimental record, which was stratified random sampling. Information collected using descriptive and inferential statistics and Pearson tests, and analyzed using SPSS software. Results of this study demonstrated that personal factors such as age, education , And return to the prison there, also valid statistical tests show that the inverse relationship between the rejection of family and social environment, there are more words in accepting prisoners from the family and social environment of less freedom is not possible to will be returning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - The Study of the Role of Social Networks in Raising Awareness in Women in regard to Political Issues
Seyed Morteza Bani Fatemeh Mehrdad Navabakhsh Abdolreza Adhami -
Open Access Article
32 - The Synergy between Gender Socialization and Women Unpaid Care Work in Nigeria: Implication for the Sustainable Development Goals
Olukemi Grace Adebola -
Open Access Article
33 - Protection of Environment and women’s social position in Iran (A Community Level Study)
Soheila Alirezanejad -
Open Access Article
34 - The Relationship between Perception of Time, Fear, Expected Anxiety and Hope in Pregnant Women and their Partners
Leila Mirzajani Tahmoures Aghajani Javid Peymani -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigating the Role and the Position of Women in Bidel Dehlavi’s Sonnets
Naemeh Toluie Eshlaghi Reza Fahimi Manijeh Fallahi -
Open Access Article
36 - Empowerment of Iranian Women: A Systematic Review
Nasraneh Zolfaqari Soroush Fathi Mehdi Mokhtarpour -
Open Access Article
37 - Women in Contemporary Islamic Society: A Study of Iran
Ashaq Hussain Safa Altaf -
Open Access Article
38 - The Impact of Globalization on Women Political Participation (A Case Study of Pakistan 1999-2010)
Syed Raheem Abbas Shah Muhammad Asim Syed Mukitiar Hussain Bukari Munzoor Ahmad -
Open Access Article
39 - An Analysis of the Socio-political Factors Influencing Women’s Participation in the National Parliamentary Election in Iran
Nariman Bavarsad Omidian Mohammad Hadi Mansour lakoorej Zahra Soltani Larkani -
Open Access Article
40 - Role of Micro Finance in Women’s Empowerment (A Study on Rural Area of Patna India)
Hemant Kumar -
Open Access Article
41 - Presenting a Model for Economic Empowerment of Vulnerable Women based on Grounded Theory (Case of Study: Vulnerable Women Supported by Tehran Municipality)
Zahra Sadat Moshir Estekhare -
Open Access Article
42 - Functional Analysis of the Socio-cultural Factors of Violence against Women
Marzieh Gorjiposhti Mohammad Hadi Mansour Lakoorej -
Open Access Article
43 - Are Women Obsessed with ‘White’ Weddings?
Jonathan Worae Boateng Agyenim Anastasia Maud Mawuena Akolly -
Open Access Article
44 - Comparative study of Gender Discrimination in Achieving Social Role and Status in Iranian Legal System in Before and After of Islamic Revolution
Mohammad Hossein Ghanimi Saeed Maadani Zabihollah Sadafi -
Open Access Article
45 - The Efficacy of LEARN's Multifaceted Intervention on the Level of Perceived Stress in Women Who Are on the Verge of Divorce
Parinaz Banisi Ghanbar Ali Delfan Azari Amir Yagubi Parnian Farhadi afshar -
Open Access Article
46 - Factors that Affect Developing Women Entrepreneurship in Gilan
Shahrbanoo Rafiei Soroush Fathi Tahmuros Shiri -
Open Access Article
47 - مطالعه وضعیت زنان سرپرست خانوار در بلایای طبیعی : (زلزله 1396 کرمانشاه )
Shayesteh Karamkhani Alieh Shekarbeygi Ehsan Rahmani Khalili -
Open Access Article
48 - The Process of Violence against Women in Iran and the World: Providing Solutions to Reduce Violence based on the Experience of Countries
Mahmoud Hosseinabadi Ramatollah Amirahmadi Alireza Esmaeili Mohammadreza Naeimi -
Open Access Article
49 - Identifying Individual Barriers and Development Pattern of Rural Household Jobs with Emphasis on Eastern Regions of Golestan Province
Marzieh Bazrafshan Isa Hassanzadeh Alireza Esmaeeli -
Open Access Article
50 - Examination of the Relationship among Various Types of Capital (Social Capital, Cultural Capital and Economic Capital) Along with the Lifestyle of Elderly Women Under the Aegis of the Welfare Organization (Case study: Golestan province)
Tahereh Jabbari Rahmatollah Amirahamdi Gholamreza Khoshfar Gholamreza Khoshfar -
Open Access Article
51 - Uneven Empowerment: A Case Study on Women Beekeepers in Central Iran
Soheila Alirezanejad -
Open Access Article
52 - Comparative study on Women’s Attitudes towards their Social Roles in Cities with High and Low Socio–Economic Development (A Case Study of Khuzestan Province, 2010)
Seifollah Seifollahi Mitra Zargar -
Open Access Article
53 - Effectiveness of Emotion Focused Therapy on Tolerance of Failure and Marital Quality in Women with Recurrent Miscarriages
maryam Erfanian Razaei farnaz keshavarzi arshadi Fatemeh golshani Faariba Hasani Behrouz dolatshahiIntroduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on the tolerance of failure and the quality of marital life of women with repeated abortions.Methods: The current research was quasi-experimental wi MoreIntroduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on the tolerance of failure and the quality of marital life of women with repeated abortions.Methods: The current research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up phase in terms of practical purpose and method. The statistical population of this research included all women who referred to infertility clinics in Tehran in 2020, 30 of these people were selected in a targeted way. The assignment of members in the emotion-oriented treatment group (15 people) and the control group (15 people) was done using a random method. To collect data, Simmons and Gaher (2005) frustration tolerance questionnaire and Fletcher, Simpson and Thomas (2000) Marital Life Quality Questionnaire were used. To investigate the difference between groups in different stages of measurement, the analysis of variance test with mixed measurement was used in SPSS-25 software.Results: The results showed that this treatment had a positive effect on increasing the tolerance of failure and the quality of married life of women with frequent abortions, and this effect was greater on the variable of tolerance of failure (p<0.01).Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it is suggested to use emotion-oriented therapy by couple therapists and clinical psychologists in order to increase the tolerance of failure and the quality of married life of women with frequent miscarriages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN FOSTERING FAMILY ECONOMY IN RURAL SUMATRA INDONESIA: A CASE STUDY
Romi Setiawan -
Open Access Article
55 - The impact of customers' attitudes towards green hotels on their willingness to pay and their recurrence intentions
Mohammad ail abdolvand arezoo naeimi majd ali mohammadzadehPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate The Attitude of consumers about green hotels: how a green hotel image can influence Willingness to pay and Revisit intention. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative research methodology using a questionnaire has MorePurpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate The Attitude of consumers about green hotels: how a green hotel image can influence Willingness to pay and Revisit intention. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative research methodology using a questionnaire has been proposed. To test the model developed we used the Structural equations model (SEM) approach. As noted, all constructs were assessed using 5-point Likert type scales. Findings: The consumers using hotel services are conscious about environmentally friendly practices in IRAN. They patronize the hotels that have adapted green practices though not compromising on service quality. The consumers would prefer to use lodging that follows these practices with willing to pay extra for these services. Also attitude of consumers about green hotels that effect on positive word of mouth and revisit intention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Role of Brand Emotional Attachment on Behavioral Responses of Luxury Car Buyers in Tehran
Mohammad Javad Taghipourian neda AshtianiIn developing economies, the attention of luxury goods by the middle class is a huge factor in earning an income and creating an economic cycle. In recent years, the interest in luxury cars has increased dramatically in Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate MoreIn developing economies, the attention of luxury goods by the middle class is a huge factor in earning an income and creating an economic cycle. In recent years, the interest in luxury cars has increased dramatically in Iran. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of brand emotional attachment on the behavioral reactions of luxury car buyers in Tehran, that It examines the impact of its three dimensions (brand interest, brand connect and brand passion) on the dimensions of behavioral response (change intentions and WOM). For this purpose, questionnaires set based on research work by Albert and et al. (2009) and Athanassopoulos and et al. (2001) and was distributed among the buyers of luxury cars in Tehran in a multi-stage cluster that 384 questionnaires were analyzed. Structural equation modeling results shown that brand emotional attachment has positive effect on word of mouth but does not affect change intention and also, Brand passion, brand attachment have a positive impact on word of mouth and change intention but brand interest has no effect on word of mouth advertising and change intention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Investigate the difference of the impact of brand engagement (consumption of content and contribution of content) on social media between Generations X and Y
sara rostamizad K. Heidarzadeh fereshteh lotfizadehThe purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of the impact of brand engagement (consumption of content and contribution of content) on social media between Generations X and Y. in terms of goal, is an applied research and in terms of data collection metho MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of the impact of brand engagement (consumption of content and contribution of content) on social media between Generations X and Y. in terms of goal, is an applied research and in terms of data collection method is descriptive. In order to gather information in this research, library and field method and a standardized questionnaire whose reliability was confirmed by Cronbach 's alpha coefficient and its composite reliability and its validity was confirmed by Convergent Validity and content validity, were used. The statistical population is the students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, who has an Instagram page the study sample was calculated using Cochran's formula of 400 people who were selected using stratified sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Minitab software and all hypotheses were confirmed at 95% confidence level. The results show that Brand Affiliation motivation, Investigation Motivation, Opportunity Seeking motivation, Conversation motivation, Contribution of content, e-WOM referral intention is higher in Generation Y than in Generation X. Entertainment motivation and Consumption of content is higher in the Generation X than in Generation Y. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Condition of modification of obedience of married couple employed by Imamieh jurisprudence
behnam ghanbarporWith the marriage contract, commitments are made between the couple, including the commitment of the wife to the couple in obedience. In the contemporary world, where women, like men, have undertaken many jobs and social tasks and are forced to leave home, it is not pos MoreWith the marriage contract, commitments are made between the couple, including the commitment of the wife to the couple in obedience. In the contemporary world, where women, like men, have undertaken many jobs and social tasks and are forced to leave home, it is not possible for them to obey in any way. Encouraging women to work in a well-off society is a challenge that has plagued some families and, in some cases, provided the couples with a misconception. They were bound to disagree with the couple's arguments. This research, organized by the analysis method, aims to answer the question whether the appointment of a couple as the head of the family in Iranian jurisprudence and law will not lead to unconditional domination and authority of some men. The article emphasizes this view since obedience is not considered as a right of couples in the essence of marriage; therefore, a working wife can express her commitment to obedience during the marriage expressly and conclusively. Be transparent and adjust the couple's expectations using the condition of the contract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - The survey of the prohibition and lawfulness theories about surrogacy in Imamites
Vahid Zarei SharifThis writing investigates the prescriptive judgement about surrogacy forwhich four theories are found including: permission, prohibition, apparentexemption and lawfulness. The said theories are based on the validImamites references. Those who believe in prohibition argu MoreThis writing investigates the prescriptive judgement about surrogacy forwhich four theories are found including: permission, prohibition, apparentexemption and lawfulness. The said theories are based on the validImamites references. Those who believe in prohibition argue thatsurrogacy is illegal. They refer to sermons and arguments, and believe inthe necessity of keeping the pudendum safe, or taking care of if, also, theyargue about the prohibition of putting sperm in the others, wombs andthey think the kinship should be prevented, too. Some jurisprudentsbelieve in its being lawful based on permission and exemption principles.The fourth theory calls it contingent jast as a medical treatment and underspecific conditions. Having investigated the afore-mentioned theories andthe Imamites. Jurisprudents, beliefs and same dependable reasanings, weare led to believe that none of the sermons and narrations aboutprohibition believes in surrogacy and the third theory which is about theexemption, despite the existence of real prevention, is not clear-cut. Thelast theory has no investigatory basis, as it deals with public permission, ifneeded, and also because it presents no independent theory aboutsurrogacy. As a result, in this survey, we will be led to the second theory,that is, the lawfulness based on the real permission. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Factors Influencing Rural Women Participation in Agricultural Extension Programs, Case Study Mazandaran, Iran
Sh. Soltani A. Ahmadpour S. Feali -
Open Access Article
61 - Islamic State Educational Facilities in organizing the process of socializing women
Firozeh KaramiIntroduction and purpose of the Research: In the present era, due to the social, cultural and economic upheavals, the presence of women in various fields of society has increased. Since the socialization of women and the consequent consequences of it are inevitable, the MoreIntroduction and purpose of the Research: In the present era, due to the social, cultural and economic upheavals, the presence of women in various fields of society has increased. Since the socialization of women and the consequent consequences of it are inevitable, the Islamic State has a very important task to prepare for the proper conditions for the presence of women in society. This essay examines the responsibilities of the Islamic State in the management and planning of the field of education in order to foster the appropriate conditions for women's participation in society. Methods: This paper is descriptive-analytic and based on sources, texts and previous researches and expert opinions. The theoretical basis of this research is mainly based on the works of Professor Morteza Motahhari. Findings: The main tasks of the government in policy planning, planning and management of educational affairs, in order to improve the socialization process of women, are: developing a family education system, teaching life and home skills, teaching parenting skills and coaching, teaching science (general and specialized) Family-based skills upgrading, social and occupational developmental skills, career planning training courses, self-employment skills training courses, skills development in homework and entrepreneurship training courses. Conclusions: The Islamic State has a duty to properly and accurately implement the above-mentioned plans and take appropriate and urgent measures, because the lack of proper functioning of them involves abnormalities and disadvantages that challenge the personality and personality of the woman, family and community excellence. Will pull. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Women’s Issues in contract within male-centered religious culture and humanistic doctrine of Islam
Somayeh Arab khorasaniWomen are the objects who are mostly finding low on the civilization: the progress and content. It has different reason.one of them is the humiliation of women. Women’s humiliation by Muslim man has happened due to the contradiction of the male-centered religious MoreWomen are the objects who are mostly finding low on the civilization: the progress and content. It has different reason.one of them is the humiliation of women. Women’s humiliation by Muslim man has happened due to the contradiction of the male-centered religious culture with the humanistic doctrine of Islam. It seems Islamic humanistic doctrine has been digested by the male-centered religious culture which in male are the main factor in life and thought. The previous and prior male center system has been powered by the selective choices among teachings, advices and gender tasks and attribute them to the Islam. This writing are to address the constant and stability used the proverb as a symbol of oral culture and its inconsistency with Islam doctrine. The result shows that the male-centered religious culture used Islam teaching and women as protector agencies to sustain this thought system and limit the domain of women’s action in Islamic civilization from that time till now. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Investigating relation between cultural factors and women’s promotion in management positions (case study: Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch)
سید رضا صالحی امیری لیلا اشرفجو Now, the women account for some half percent of the population in each society and their presence in different social fields depends on the culture and public beliefs of their societies. Today, the active presence of women in More Now, the women account for some half percent of the population in each society and their presence in different social fields depends on the culture and public beliefs of their societies. Today, the active presence of women in different social fields and also in development process is always theoretically emphasized, but when it comes to the action something else occurs. At the present, it seems that the rights of women and men have been accepted in the legal system of our country, but there are still some job limitations as well as other limitations in the society that decreases the women’s presence in some jobs. Lack of growth for women in the work environments, the issue that women reach higher administrative and organizational positions less than the men and they are just the men who climb up the ladder of promotion and power to the highest steps are some of those unwritten rules that act stronger than the dominant regulations and despite the reforms created in this due over the recent years it seems that they have become a culture in such a way that there are many women, who enjoy the ability, skill, education and experience, while banned by the bureaucratic relations and it seems that there is always a glass ceiling for the women in the organizations that prevents them from promotion. This glass ceiling could be exactly described as the cultural factors that while they are not observed concretely, their effective existence could not be denied. We have investigated some of these cultural factors inside the Islamic Azad University, South Branch of Tehran which come in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - The Effect of Cultural Dimensions of Globalization on Women's Culture ( Case Study: Female Students of Azad University, South Branch)
Nooshzad Yeganeh Rahmatollah Sedigh Sarvestani Seyyed Reza Salehi Amiri Zahra BehbahaniThe study aimed to assess the impact of cultural aspects of globalization on IranianWomen's three Cultural components (identity, behavior and dress) with crosscorrelationmethod ,was implemented in 1392.The methodology of research hastwo levels of descriptive and analysi MoreThe study aimed to assess the impact of cultural aspects of globalization on IranianWomen's three Cultural components (identity, behavior and dress) with crosscorrelationmethod ,was implemented in 1392.The methodology of research hastwo levels of descriptive and analysis by sort of survey and sample size of n = 351with using Cochran formula ,and number 4023 is obtained from Simple randomsampling of female students of the Faculty of Management and Accounting, TehranSouth Branch. Tools for data collection is a questionnaire based on Likert (fiveoptions) and reliability is based on using Cronbach's Alpha which is equal to ./824. Inline with the original hypothesis, this result was confirmed that globalization is aninevitable process and its Impact on women's culture in Iran will depend on the typeof actions of responsibles and policy makers. If policy makers do not understand thenew requirements and do not adopting measures to deal proactively with the waveof globalization, This trend poses a threat to women's culture and Will lead to itsweakening.As a result ,the cultural dimensions of globalization, such as identity,dress andmorality impact on women and culture of their lives.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Study of Women's Entrepreneurship in the Manufacturing Centers of Tehran and Suburbs
دکتر مهرداد نوابخش مرضیه زارع هرفتهThe concept of entrepreneurship is rapidly gaining importance and recentlywomen's entrepreneurship has attracted many people around the world. Womenthrough entrepreneurship can show their potentialities, remove the obstacles andimprove their abilities.In the developing MoreThe concept of entrepreneurship is rapidly gaining importance and recentlywomen's entrepreneurship has attracted many people around the world. Womenthrough entrepreneurship can show their potentialities, remove the obstacles andimprove their abilities.In the developing countries, women are considered as the main hope to improvethe status of the family as well as country. Through entrepreneur activities, womennot only provide economic profits, but socio-cultural benefits as well. The main objectof the present research is to examine the socio-economic developmental affects ofwomen's entrepreneurship.The sample consisted of 150 women chosen from prod using, industrial andservicing companies. The methods used are survey research and documental research,using written questionnaires and fish notes for gathering information.The analysis of information is arranged in four sections, including descriptivesection, testing the hypothesis correlation analysis and multivariable regressionanalysis. For testing the hypothesis Q.S statistical method were used, according whichall the hypothesizes were approved.In other words there was a relationship between individual (motives, objectivesand human capital) environmental (cultural and socio-economic factors) and networkfactors and entrepreneurship index.Regression analysis index of entrepreneurship's relation with independentvariables indicates that among independent variables, individual-personality factorsand network factors and cultural factors have interred the equation and thatenvironmental factors are of the main importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The relationship between cultural identity and quality of working life in female-headed households
Nahid Vahabi Kashani seyed reza salehi amiriIntroduction: Quality of work life (QWL) refers to the favorableness of a job environment for the people working in an organization. The period of scientific management which focused solely on specialization and efficiency, has undergone a revolutionary change QWL is a MoreIntroduction: Quality of work life (QWL) refers to the favorableness of a job environment for the people working in an organization. The period of scientific management which focused solely on specialization and efficiency, has undergone a revolutionary change QWL is a process of work organizations which enable its members at all levels to actively; participate in shaping the organizations environment, methods and outcomes. This value based process is aimed towards meeting the twin goals of enhanced effectiveness of organizations and improved quality of life at work for employees. The traditional management (like scientific management) gave inadequate attention to human values. In the present scenario, needs and aspirations of the employees are changing. Employers are now redesigning jobs for better QWL. Regard to importance of QWL. Methods: This research is an attempt to study the relationship between each of the QWL processes with dimensions of Cultural identity in women breadwinner. Participants were 109 engaged in Emdad Committee, chosen by random, who were asked to fill a modified standard questioners of QWL and Cultural identity. Findings: Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant relationship between most QWL and Cultural identity dimensions. Conclusion: Findings from the pilot study revealed that that Safe workplace, had the greatest impact on Cultural identity. The results of this study provided the suggestions for improving the QWL process and enhance performance and increasing the level of staffs’ commitment and provided suggestions for future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Study the effect of entrepreneurship, as a cultural factor, on the empowerment of women
Maryam Soufi Aliakbar rezaeiIntroduction and purpose: The most important factor contributing to the culture ofentrepreneurship movement from potentiality to actuality, the development of theentrepreneurial spirit of the people is through education.Accordingly, the present study was to evaluate the MoreIntroduction and purpose: The most important factor contributing to the culture ofentrepreneurship movement from potentiality to actuality, the development of theentrepreneurial spirit of the people is through education.Accordingly, the present study was to evaluate the impact of entrepreneurship trainings, aswell as cultural factors, the promotion of women's empowerment is an attempt to answerthis question: If entrepreneurship trainings in” entrepreneurship center of Tehranmunicipality” on the empowerment” of women has been effect?Methods: In this study, 382 women living in zones 2, 4, 5, 6, 11 and 16 of Tehran wereinterviewed .201of them participated in entrepreneurship training periods and 181 womennever participated in entrepreneurship training periods. Sampling the whole number ofpersons in the first group and the second group stage cluster sampling was conducted .Results:In variable rates of women's empowerment, the average score of those whoparticipate in entrepreneurship training periods (99.74),was less than the average score ofthose who didnt participate (95.20), It can confirm the hypothesis that : there is a significantrelationship between the independent variable "entrepreneurship education" and thedependent variable" women's empowerment”.Conclusion: The empowerment of women is significantly influenced entrepreneurshiptrainings. High levels of psychological empowerment, social, intellectual independence anda sense of power among women participating in the courses , Tweets reveal the role of thistraining. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Barriers to Women participation in Cultural Activities
Mohsen Ameri Maryam Sohrabi Renan Mahdi Hoseinirad Fatimah DaeeIntroduction & Objective: Women's active participation in cultural activities is anissue that always has been faced with many obstacles and problems. So that, thebarriers have become evident in various cultural, social and religious forms and eachcan effect on the l MoreIntroduction & Objective: Women's active participation in cultural activities is anissue that always has been faced with many obstacles and problems. So that, thebarriers have become evident in various cultural, social and religious forms and eachcan effect on the level of women's participation in activities. Hence, the aim of thisstudy was to investigate the effect of "patriarchal culture" and "mass media, withemphasis on TV programs", as some cultural barriers to women's participation incultural activities at cultural centers of Khorasgan city from the attitudes of thewomen in this city.Findings: Statistical community of all women in Khorasgan was included of 27,199people in which, by using a formula to determine the sample size, 378 were selectedas example, with multi-stage random sampling proportion to the sample size. Aresearcher made questionnaire was used to collect data and face and contentvalidity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts in this field. Reliability of themeasuring tools was estimated equivalent with 0/82 using Cronbach's alpha, whichimplies the acceptable validity of the measuring tools. Data analysis was performedin two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Findings showed that the role of patriarchy, as hindering women'sparticipation in cultural activities, has been more than average. The TV programsplayed same role as a barrier to women's participation in activities in cultural centersof Khorazgan city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Studying the Role of Women in Iran's Cultural, Social & Economical Planning, Its Challenges & Strategies
دکتر سیدرضا صالحی امیری عبدالرحیم رحیمیThis research aims to study the role of women in humane development indicesduring this past decade, Iran's development through their attendance in cultural, social& economical activities and the challenges & strategies they have faced. The datahave been gathered MoreThis research aims to study the role of women in humane development indicesduring this past decade, Iran's development through their attendance in cultural, social& economical activities and the challenges & strategies they have faced. The datahave been gathered through library studies. In this research, women's level ofparticipation in social, economical, political & cultural activities have been reported,some regulations of the constitutional law according to the position of women havebeen stated, the challenges of women's contribution in development & its existingobstacles have been studied and the results & recommendations have been given afterdata analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Reflection on women empowerment concept; Components and processes
سمیه فریدونی گلناز مهرانIntroduction: Women empowerment is the conception that make in order to changing in some social instructions and making some new systems which are not relying on traditional paradigm of power and patriarchy values. In this research in the beginning elements of empowerm MoreIntroduction: Women empowerment is the conception that make in order to changing in some social instructions and making some new systems which are not relying on traditional paradigm of power and patriarchy values. In this research in the beginning elements of empowerment as a concept and their interactions have been interpreted and finally the interaction among five common elements that are the most important of them is presented schematically Method :This article is a kind of literature review that the researcher has tried reflecting on many different meanings and analysis about women empowerment. Findings: Review on more than 30 articles and books about women empowerment concept showed that 5 components; Power, Autonomy, Empowerment in both individual and group levels and Empowerment as an outcome and process are common components among lots of meaning and literature about women empowerment. These five constituents have interaction together and with empowerment. Results: Women Empowerment is the essential perecived in new century and we couldn't not pay attention to it, hence many of developed countries and international humanitirian and development organizations have focused on women empowermet as an important goal. Finally reflect and review on empowerment litreratures and its five common components could have been abled the researcher to provide the new defenition about women empowerment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - To study employed women's productivity in central offices of Agriculture Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran
هادی رزقی شیرسوار وحید محمودی حمیرا پای خوانIntroduction and Objective : Among effective factors on organization productivity, human resources are of effective and determinant role. Naturally, every organization must make particularly attempt for quality and promotion and optimizing its human resources to ob MoreIntroduction and Objective : Among effective factors on organization productivity, human resources are of effective and determinant role. Naturally, every organization must make particularly attempt for quality and promotion and optimizing its human resources to obtain its outlook and development goals. According to the importance of productivity in management and variation and importance of women role in productivity, a main goal of this research is to study the situation of women productivity in Agriculture Bank. Methods : This study is application in terms of goal and descriptive‐survey in terms of executed method. In this study, statistical population includes all employed women staffs in central o ffices of Agriculture Bank, the number of which is 384 peoples. Sample size of this study was calculated 195 peoples through Kergeksy and Morgan table that related sample were randomly selected through related population. Study tool of this research is Moghimi (2010) standard ques onnaire. Mentioned questionnaire involves in studying productivity in two dimensions in terms of management: human resources and productivity. Justifiability of questionnaire was apparently approved. Assessing questionnaire stability was calculated through Conbach's alpha coefficient after performing preliminary study and verifying variance of questions that this stability score (Cronbach's alpha) was calculated 0.901. Results: According to load factor of each factor and literature of productivity and questionnaire content, obtained factors can be called as follow: first factor: human resources productivity; second factor: productivity is correct in a management views. Conclusions: Obtained results from done research showed that the components of women productivity in Agriculture Bank is assessed in high level in a sample individuals view. But in human resources productivity due to practical average has no significant difference with theoretical average, it can be reasoned that the situation of human resources productivity of employed women in Agriculture Bank is in mediate level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - The effect of individual factors on women's attitudes Toward body in Tehran
Fatemeh Baratlou Marjan KhodiIntroduction and Aim: In this study, individual factors affecting women's attitudes toward body management are examined. The objective of this study is to determine factors influencing women's attitude that is discussed with the help of the theories of Foucault,Gaffman, MoreIntroduction and Aim: In this study, individual factors affecting women's attitudes toward body management are examined. The objective of this study is to determine factors influencing women's attitude that is discussed with the help of the theories of Foucault,Gaffman, Baudrillard, Turner, Moss, Douglas, Festinger, and Feminists. The subject is explained and analyzed with questions such as to what extent do individual factors influence women's attitudes towards managing body? Do demographic characteristics (education, economic status, age, and so on) affect the attitude of women towards managing the body? Research methodology: The population of the study was all the woman participating in sports clubs of Tehran District 5 which their number was 1841 people. The sample size was estimated 317 people by Cochran sampling formula and samples were selected using cluster sampling. To collect data was used from a questionnaire which covered the survey questions The Method is survey, to collect data, a 14-item researcher designed questionnaire based on Likert scale is used whose validity was confirmed by 8 experts. Findings: To analyze the data use was from descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation in the form of tables and charts) and inferential statistics (Cronbach's alpha, chi-square and kruskal -Wallis tests) by SPSS software in significance level P≤0.05. Conclusion: the findings showed that all individual factors influencing the attitudes of women towards managing body are at a level higher than the average. There is a significant difference in the effect of individual factors on women's attitudes towards body management based on demographic factors such as age, marital status, personal education, maternal education, employment status, economic status, income and housing situation. However, there is no significant difference in social and cultural factors influencing attitudes of women towards managing body based on area of residence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Human Identity Particularly Woman in Post-Post Modernism
دکتر مرضیه رضایی کلانتریIn the article, the research has first studied the process of changes of Pre-Modernism (1000-1450), Modernism (1450-1960), Post Modernism (1960-1989) andPost-Post Modernism (early 1990s until now) periods and has then dealt with theposition of human identity, especially MoreIn the article, the research has first studied the process of changes of Pre-Modernism (1000-1450), Modernism (1450-1960), Post Modernism (1960-1989) andPost-Post Modernism (early 1990s until now) periods and has then dealt with theposition of human identity, especially woman, by special consideration of aspect ofeconomy, management, culture, music and information society and has determinedand analyzed the characteristics of each of them. Finally, all changes together withmain concepts have been provided in a table. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Sociological study of the role of gender cultural beliefs in women's sports scouting
Soheila Abdi Nemat Abad bahram ghadimi Shahla hojjat Masoumeh shojaei zahra Alipor-darvishiThe study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealin MoreThe study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealing with a variety of factors, including gender-based cultural beliefs. It seems that women's sports in most societies are more marginalized, and therefore the gender and norms associated with it can be effective in the process of scouting. This study examines the role of gender cultural beliefs in women's sports scores. The methodology of research is based on a qualitative approach that the researcher has studied through the depth of interviews.This study has been used to study the subject using qualitative analysis derived from non-constructed interviews. And among three groups of coaches and executives, professors and experts and female athlete of the hero. In the sample selection, a sampling method has been used for multi-objective purposeful sampling. The researcher has considered 30 samples to be sufficient for theoretical saturation.Finally, the reform of gender stereotyped attitudes in society, the correction of the gender reflection of women's women's sports championship and the need to rethink their gender culture is one of its key findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The impact of cyberspace on the lifestyle of women : women 18-40 years،Tehran
mahboobeh moazami goodarziThe present research has been done with the purpose of cyberspace effect on Tehranian women؛s lifestyle.Statistical community of 18-40 year old women in Tehran 2015-2016 was up to 316996 people.The statistical samples of 384 persons which are randomly classified by usin MoreThe present research has been done with the purpose of cyberspace effect on Tehranian women؛s lifestyle.Statistical community of 18-40 year old women in Tehran 2015-2016 was up to 316996 people.The statistical samples of 384 persons which are randomly classified by using Morgans determining sample size chart from areas 2 and 5. Instrument for data collection has done the questionnaire based on Likert،s Five-Point scale comparising of 46 items in 5 choices. The validity of the questionnaire has been evaluated by supervisor professor and 10 expert and the reliability evaluated and calculated by means of Cronbach Alpha as well and the final coefficient for the total questionnaire was 0/97. In descriptive statistics، abundance and average percentage، Median and extension and standard deviation are calculated. To investigate the effect of variables Biomial test and Regression analysis were used in inferentioal statistics. Using SPSS application to analysis data and achieved following consequences: from total of 46 questions which are subclasses of Audio message، Visual message، Cultural advertises، Social interaction، Immoral programs and Adornment appearence which immoral programs had the most and social interactions had the least affect on the women، s lifestyle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - The Relationship between the national media news and the political awareness of women
seyed ali rahmanzadehIn this article, in order to understand the relationship between the news media national political awareness of women different approaches and models discussed and then the study of women, of the opinions presented are used. The method used in this study is applicable, MoreIn this article, in order to understand the relationship between the news media national political awareness of women different approaches and models discussed and then the study of women, of the opinions presented are used. The method used in this study is applicable, the type of data and the method of collecting quantitative data, descriptive and correlational. The study sample consisted of women 20 to 65 years Region 2 in Tehran. In this study, sampling, simple random, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha test expert opinion and also tested and approved. Then, based on the conceptual model, questions and hypotheses, using a questionnaire derived items in the sample was questioned. The data, collected by the type of information and data, descriptive and inferential methods were used. First, by using descriptive statistics including frequency tables and percentages, measures of central tendency and deviation calculation such as mean, median, standard deviation, variance, and so on to evaluate the status of the samples were studied, and then use the appropriate statistical tests the calculation of correlation results were extrapolated from the sample population. Finally, using multiple regression final model, the relationship between factors is calculated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Sociological analysis on cultural poverty in repeating social deviations and jailed women's return to prison (women's central penitentiary, Arak, 2019)
Houra kaykhosravi Alireza Kaldi Hosain Akhajani Mehrdad NavabakhshDeveloping kinds of moral and behavioral deviations, which are caused by changes in social, cultural, familial, political and religious structure, provides the needs of committing crime in society. The aim of this research, is analyzing the backgrounds of committing cri MoreDeveloping kinds of moral and behavioral deviations, which are caused by changes in social, cultural, familial, political and religious structure, provides the needs of committing crime in society. The aim of this research, is analyzing the backgrounds of committing crime, strategies and their consequences, by women prisoners in central prison of Arak. For this purpose, using the grounded theory method and the technique of semi-structured interview, 14 women with the background of returning to prison, were interviewed deeply through purposeful sampling. After 10th interview, conceptual saturation was reached. The interview continued up to 14th person for peace of mind. The data categorized using Straus and Corbin paradigm model and then, its paradigm model was drawn. The results of research showed that Being bait and deceived, disagreement between couples, emotional divorce and unsuccessful marriage, are some reasons of deviation in this women. Social deviations of father, differential companion, parents' addiction and contrary, lack of emotion, being victim of rape and domestic violence, are effective factors of this deviation that follows strategies such as social deviation, inappropriate marriage, theft, divorce and out of custom relations. Some of consequences of these strategies are family disintegration, ethical and social anomalies and finally prison. Results showed that cultural poverty is the main factor of women's tendency to committing crime, being prisoned and repeating the same crimes and returning to prison. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Social and cultural capital's effect on lifestyle of elderly women covered by the state Welfare Organization (case study: Golestan province)
rahmatollah amirahmadi Tahereh jabbary Gholamreza KhoshfarThe main purpose of this study is to identify the impact of social and cultural capital on the lifestyle of elderly women. The research method is survey in terms of nature) Survey Research (and it was in the period of 1398-1399 which has been implemented in Golestan pro MoreThe main purpose of this study is to identify the impact of social and cultural capital on the lifestyle of elderly women. The research method is survey in terms of nature) Survey Research (and it was in the period of 1398-1399 which has been implemented in Golestan province. The statistical sampling is , 183 samples were selected by stratified random sampling method. To assess lifestyle, Miller and Smith’s lifestyle questionnaires were used. And to measure social and cultural capital, the questions of previous research questionnaires in this field were used, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression tests were used to analyze the data.Research findings show that there is a positive relationship between social and cultural capital and the lifestyle of elderly women. In the equation of regression analysis, analysis of variance is calculated for social asset , the value of F is equal to 14.671 and the significance of F (Sig = 0.000) and for cultural capital (the value of F is equal to 1.294 and the significance of F (Sig = 0.278).) which shows the lifestyle with dimensions Social capital (social trust, interpersonal trust, institutional trust, formal and informal participation and social interaction) and the dimensions of cultural capital (cultural consumption, number of books, number of works of art, foreign language, media consumption) have a direct linear relationship and the need for managerial and educational measures to promote cultural asset to achieve the desired lifestyle is suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - The comparison of Social Mobility Between men and women in Tehran metropolis
bahram ghadimiIn this research the intergenerational and inner generational social mobility among men and women according to various agents is compared in Tehran metropolis. In terms of Bruce Coen the movement of people during their carrier life in social ladder, usually called as in MoreIn this research the intergenerational and inner generational social mobility among men and women according to various agents is compared in Tehran metropolis. In terms of Bruce Coen the movement of people during their carrier life in social ladder, usually called as inner generation and from the other side what can be measure out the number of children that continue their father or grandfathers job which is called in term intergeneration. In this research the various types of power (Social, Political, Cultural, Economical, and Symbolic) is considered as a most crucial social factor which is related to social mobility and compared with both men and women groups. The method of this research is gauging the data collection tool is questionnaire that is performed in 1395 SH by cluster sampling method with 1054 people sample size. The face validity of questionnaire is approved by experts and the validity of a part of questionnaire is approved by Cronbach’s alpha. To measuring differences the T test is utilized for both two independent groups. The consequences has revealed that the measure of intergenerational and inner generational mobility has high ascending trend among Tehran metropolis citizens. The inner generational mobility is observed fewer than men thus the intergenerational mobility has no difference between men and women in Tehran. In this research the economic, symbolic, social and cultural power between men and women has no significant difference except in political power point of view men have possessed more than women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Sociological Study of the Impact of Women's Employment on Social Development in Iran (Case of Study: Women Home Business Owners in 16th and 19th Districts of Tehran)
emilia rambod Mehdi MokhtarpourDevelopment and improvement of businesses and women's employment in the home-based sector is one of the most important and effective ways to improve the economic and social situation of society; Because despite the many restrictions and existing policies and laws, it is MoreDevelopment and improvement of businesses and women's employment in the home-based sector is one of the most important and effective ways to improve the economic and social situation of society; Because despite the many restrictions and existing policies and laws, it is very difficult to start a home-based business and employ women in this sector. The purpose of this study was to understand the sociology of women's employment on social development in Iran in the light of laws, regulations and policies of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Affairs. The country was supported in the development of home-based businesses and women's employment in this field, and 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with home-based business owners, and after analyzing data and laws and interviews, issues and needs of business owners and job applicants were raised. These include: gender discrimination, legal restrictions, long working hours, interference with family duties, cumbersome regulations, social insurance dissatisfaction, lack of up-to-date training and a desire for teacher-student training methods, Lack of monitoring of law enforcement, weak marketing, insufficient banking facilities, economic instability and high inflation rates, restrictions on access to cyberspace and dissatisfaction with municipal markets. At the end of the research, useful strategies for women's employment for the social development of the country are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Investigating the role of female identification in the performance of women's representatives in the 5th Islamic Consultative Assembly
fatemah haghani sarmi gholamhosien zargarinezad sina forosezhThe most important area of political participation of women in Iran after the Islamic Revolution was the legislature; the fifth session of the Islamic Consultative Assembly witnessed the presence of the largest number of women as members of the parliament. During this p MoreThe most important area of political participation of women in Iran after the Islamic Revolution was the legislature; the fifth session of the Islamic Consultative Assembly witnessed the presence of the largest number of women as members of the parliament. During this period, the women's representative succeeded in ratifying important laws to improve the status of women in Iranian society. The main question in this article is: what factors led women women's parliaments to success in the fifth legislature? This research is based on a detailed descriptive-analytical approach to parliamentary talks, parliamentary libraries and publications. In this research, while presenting the history of women's participation, by examining parliamentary resolutions on women, explaining the performance of women's representatives, research findings indicate that increasing the level of women's political participation in society, increasing the number of delegates, and increasing the education of women's deputies to courses Previously, the coming of the government in line with the approach to focusing on women's rights, socio-cultural changes in society, and the media's impact on raising women's awareness, as well as the "identity" factor in the process of ratifying the laws on women's demands, the existing discourses of political-social domains And the constitution of factors t The contributors are considered to be laws. Key words: parliament, women representative, fifth parliament, approvals, participation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Social Ways and Consequences of Infertility in Shia and Sunni Women
parvane Afshari علی پژهان ehsan rahmani khaliliThe present study focuses on this main goal to examine and identify some of the most important social factors and consequences associated with infertility.The theoretical framework of this research is based on theories of rational choice, structural explanation and theo MoreThe present study focuses on this main goal to examine and identify some of the most important social factors and consequences associated with infertility.The theoretical framework of this research is based on theories of rational choice, structural explanation and theories related to explaining cultural and social norms.Theories use new household economics, family system, feminist, gender-based psychology, self and me, and labeling.According to preliminary analysis based on indicators of social attitudes, social factors are affected by demographic variables, the number of years of infertility, infertility problems, treatment methods, type of job, household income and place of residence.There is a significant relationship between the type of religion of respondents and their attitude to technological conditions, mental norms, social stigma, social cohesion, social exclusion, lack of dynamism, family vitality, self-confidence, environmental conditions and separation of husband and wife.The biggest factor that causes men and women to suffer from infertility is the fear of losing their life together. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Explain the social role of women in Bijan Najdi's fictional works
mona aramfar ashraf chegini mohammad ali shafaeeWomen, as half of the population, have a direct impact on the development of society. Because the goal of any society is to maximize social welfare and social welfare is a function of per capita income, fair distribution of income, improving the level of educational, he MoreWomen, as half of the population, have a direct impact on the development of society. Because the goal of any society is to maximize social welfare and social welfare is a function of per capita income, fair distribution of income, improving the level of educational, health, welfare and social, economic, cultural, political participation of men and women and ... Due to the importance of women's social role, the main purpose of this study was to explain the social role of women in Bijan Najdi's fictional works. The present study is with a qualitative approach. Because in the design phase of the concept model, a qualitative approach has been used. Also, this research is an inductive and exploratory study of the research strategy of the type of content analysis. In order to enumerate the components and sub-components of the social role of women in the studied works, the textual data analysis software (MaxQDA) has been used. And the final pattern has been counted.In addition, the highest frequency was related to the sub-component of the female family role in stories with a frequency of 65 times and the second position was related to the value role of women in stories with a frequency of 42 times. And in the third place, the socio-economic role with the frequency of 23 times, and finally in the fourth and final position under the component of the cultural role of women with the frequency of 18 times. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - Investigating the fields of entrepreneurship development from the perspective of women entrepreneurs in Gilan province
Shahrbanou Rafie soroush fathi tahmuros shiriThe developed society needs to pay attention to the factors of development in the historical context of cultural-social requirements, etc., among which one of the factors of sustainable development is the phenomenon of entrepreneurship and recognition of effective facto MoreThe developed society needs to pay attention to the factors of development in the historical context of cultural-social requirements, etc., among which one of the factors of sustainable development is the phenomenon of entrepreneurship and recognition of effective factors as well as cultural and social context and ... ... is the atmosphere of society. In particular, women's entrepreneurship as a dynamic and active human resource, along with other factors and contexts that cannot be hidden from the beginning of human life, have an effective and active role in economic and social changes. Paying attention to the current and past cultural and social situation of women entrepreneurs and examining the existing obstacles and limitations can reveal their merits and abilities and the obstacles in forming the process of this important matter (entrepreneurship and its development) in order to participate as much as possible. Most women in the household economy and the country, as well as in cultural and social developments. The purpose of this article is to investigate the development of women's entrepreneurship in Gilan province, which has been implemented by a mixed method. In the first stage, half of the 15 entrepreneurs in Gilan province were interviewed using a semi-structured interview. And qualitative data were analyzed using theme analysis technique. Therefore, data extraction in interviews and coding in the continuation of these themes have been questioned in the form of a questionnaire from 390 entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship, counseling with other entrepreneurs) and social (family support, support of other groups, social responsibility, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Women in the Olympic solidarity activities in Iran: From Barcelona to Rio A case study of the technical courses of 1993 to 2016
Mehdi Salami keyvan Mollanorouzi abdollah ghasemi Bahram Ghadimi Shiva Azad FadaOlympic solidarity is one of the key International Olympics committee’s commissions. This commission tries to support its members all across the world using its vast financial resources. Organizing technical courses for couches all around the world is one of the m MoreOlympic solidarity is one of the key International Olympics committee’s commissions. This commission tries to support its members all across the world using its vast financial resources. Organizing technical courses for couches all around the world is one of the main programs held by this commission. This study aims to explore the position of women in the aforementioned courses throughout a 24-year period, from Barcelona Olympic to Rio Olympic. This is a qualitative research with a general multi-dimensional approach. The study population includes all the technical courses held in Iran upon the request of Iranian Olympics committee between the years 1993 to 2016. According to the study, the average participation of women in technical courses is very low, and among the 77 courses, only four of them were exclusive to women. In addition, the women’s participation rate was the highest between the years 2008 to 2012 and it was the lowest between the years 2012 and 2016. Considering the latest guidelines issued by International Olympics committee (IOC) which encourages women to participation and aims to increase their participation rate to 50%, it is imperative for the Olympic Solidarity Commission to revise its plans in accordance to this guideline for the 2020 Olympics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - The Effect of Social Capital on the Mental Health Of Educational Women
sousan sahami Hossainzehi EnaitAbstract:The purpose of this study was the explaining mental health of educational women on the basis of social capital. Method of study was correlational and the statistical population consisted of all women teachers of Sarbaz city that with the help of Kokran's formul MoreAbstract:The purpose of this study was the explaining mental health of educational women on the basis of social capital. Method of study was correlational and the statistical population consisted of all women teachers of Sarbaz city that with the help of Kokran's formulate 191 women selected from the population of Sarbaz city through cluster random sampling method. Questionnaires of goldberg's mental health (1972), social capital questionnaires of Sahami (1996) were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and correlation and regression method were used to analyze data. The results showed that there is significant relationship between the social capital andmental health.In addition mental health showed significant relationship with social network and political trust. But didn’t show significant relationship with social cooperation and family trust. The regression analyzes showed that the dimensions of political trust and social network could predict mental health of educational women.Social capital creates social cohesion, confidence, and a willingness to engage in local activities. He also believes that social capital can reduce stress and health risk factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - Thematic Analysis of Women's Social Development with Emphasis on Sustainable Empowerment
Mohammad Reza HosseiniThe role and position of women in the development process of any society is an undeniable issue that in order to achieve it, in the first step, every society must have policies and programs at the theoretical and executive levels in order to empower women; Because women MoreThe role and position of women in the development process of any society is an undeniable issue that in order to achieve it, in the first step, every society must have policies and programs at the theoretical and executive levels in order to empower women; Because women can be effective in the development of society when they are empowered. Accordingly, the present study has been conducted qualitatively by analyzing the social development of women based on their sustainable empowerment. The study population was women over 20 years old in Boroujerd city. Targeted sampling of 24 people until theoretical saturation, data collection method, in-depth interview and data analysis method was thematic analysis. Nvivo software is used. Also, the validity of the research has been achieved through the member validity method, and the reliability has been achieved through the audit of the research process by experts. According to the research findings, women's social development requires the provision of theoretical and practical infrastructures for their justice-oriented development and "sustainable empowerment", meaning that women's empowerment is both uninterrupted and continuous and takes place in all dimensions. These are: 1)physical empowerment, 2)psychological empowerment, 3)economic empowerment, 4)social empowerment, 5)political empowerment, 6)cultural empowerment, and 7)legal empowerment. As a result, if we want the development of society, we must provide the conditions for their social development by sustainable empowerment of women as half of the citizens of society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - Structural analysis of the semantic system of women's demands in the discourse of the opposition of the Islamic Republic with focusing on the Twitter social media
Arash BeidollahKhani Mahboobe Farkhari Social media, especially Twitter, is considered one of the important platforms for the expansion of thesemantic system and IR's opposition activities due to its political importance. The research aims to identify thediscourse context of internal and external oppos More Social media, especially Twitter, is considered one of the important platforms for the expansion of thesemantic system and IR's opposition activities due to its political importance. The research aims to identify thediscourse context of internal and external opposition currents and the central signifiers used by them regardingfemininity. In addition,the research seeks to identify how much these currents have paid attention to women'sdemands on Twitter from August to October 2022 and from what kind of discourse they have analyzed theseissues. The results show that the internal opposition analyzed women's issues mostly based on the reformist subdiscourse and the foreign opposition analyzed and pursing femininity issues mostly based on the feminist subdiscourse. This indicates that the internal opposition has less attention to women's issues because the internalopposition's tweets with femininity topics before September 16th are less frequent than tweets of the foreignopposition and somehow the follow-up of women's demands in internal opposition discourse is not a centralconcern. But after the death of Mehsa Amini and the beginning of street protests, the number of tweets onfemininity topics from internal opposition has increased and their discourse signifiers have become closer to theforeign opposition currents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Compilation and pathological evaluation of cultural factors underlying the spread of divorce from the perspective of experts in developing countries (case study - women in Tehran Region 1)
sanaz golijanimoghadam seyed reza salehiamiri محمدخانی mohamadkhani Abbas Ali GhayomiThe purpose of this study is to compile and pathologically evaluate the cultural factors underlying the spread of divorce from the perspective of experts in developing countries (case study - women in region one of Tehran). The research is qualitative in terms of data a MoreThe purpose of this study is to compile and pathologically evaluate the cultural factors underlying the spread of divorce from the perspective of experts in developing countries (case study - women in region one of Tehran). The research is qualitative in terms of data and information and applied in terms of purpose and exploratory descriptive in terms of method with Delphi technique. The size of the statistical population and the statistical sample, including 30 experts and academics in the field of culture, was done purposefully. In this study, the Delphi technique (obtaining expert opinion), with the help of a questionnaire and interviews with experts, was conducted to obtain and compile the validity and content validity of cultural factors and components underlying the spread of women's divorce in District One of Tehran. Qualitative findings of the research with regard to the consensus of experts in the subset of each of the 11 factors and components (information and communication technology, media, education, cultural invasion, cultural conflict, lifestyle, urban life luxuries, migration, tourism, Religious beliefs, inequality), in the form of pathology of all cultural factors underlying the spread of women's divorce in the form of pathology approach (behavioral, structural, contextual), and the dimensions of systemic components (individual, family, government, society), formulated and It was finalized and provided the basis for the development of a researcher-made questionnaire for future quantitative and qualitative (mixed) research of researchers in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Investigating the Factors Affecting Self-Alienation among Female Private Sector Employees in Isfahan
Mohammad Reza Rashidi AlehashemThe purpose of this study is to study the factors affecting the alienation of female employees in the private sector in Isfahan. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and quantitative and survey methods at the causal level The statistical population of th MoreThe purpose of this study is to study the factors affecting the alienation of female employees in the private sector in Isfahan. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and quantitative and survey methods at the causal level The statistical population of the study was women working in the private sector in Isfahan. The sample includes 120 women in the private sector in Isfahan A quota was selected from 32 private companies to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using statistics in SPSS and Amos software. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by face validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Which was between 0.7 to 0.8. From the weak and inverse Pearson correlation coefficient (r = 0.068) it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between work experience and alienation from work among women working in the private sector in Isfahan; Inversion of the correlation coefficient means that the higher the work experience of individuals, the lower the degree of alienation. The average score of alienation from work in women working in the private sector in Isfahan in the upper class is equal to (85.42), which is higher than the average of other bases And this difference was only in the sample, because according to the F test with a value (1.11) and a significance level of more than 0.05, it is not significant at least at the 95% level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - The impact of cyberspace on the lifestyle of women : women 18-40 years،Tehran(2015-2016)
mahboobeh moazami goodarzi davood doagooyanThe present research has been done with the purpose of cyberspace effect on Tehranian women؛s lifestyle.Statistical community of 18-40 year old women in Tehran 2015-2016 was up to 316996 people.The statistical samples of 384 persons which are randomly classified by usin MoreThe present research has been done with the purpose of cyberspace effect on Tehranian women؛s lifestyle.Statistical community of 18-40 year old women in Tehran 2015-2016 was up to 316996 people.The statistical samples of 384 persons which are randomly classified by using Morgans determining sample size chart from areas 2 and 5. Instrument for data collection has done the questionnaire based on Likert،s Five-Point scale comparising of 46 items in 5 choices. The validity of the questionnaire has been evaluated by supervisor professor and 10 expert and the reliability evaluated and calculated by means of Cronbach Alpha as well and the final coefficient for the total questionnaire was 0/97. In descriptive statistics، abundance and average percentage، Median and extension and standard deviation are calculated. To investigate the effect of variables Biomial test and Regression analysis were used in inferentioal statistics. Using SPSS application to analysis data and achieved following consequences: from total of 46 questions which are subclasses of Audio message، Visual message، Cultural advertises، Social interaction، Immoral programs and Adornment appearence which immoral programs had the most and social interactions had the least affect on the women،s lifestyle Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Studying the Social Factors Effective on the Improvement of Organizational Role (A Case Study: The Employed Woman at Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran)
Masoumeh Abdolvahabi Ali Roshanaei Omid Ali Ahmadi Hossein Jamali AshtianiThe present research aims at the study of the social factors effective on the improvement of the organizational role of the employed women. By integrating theories of Giddens' structuration, social exchange, feministic theories and role conflict, the theoretical framewo MoreThe present research aims at the study of the social factors effective on the improvement of the organizational role of the employed women. By integrating theories of Giddens' structuration, social exchange, feministic theories and role conflict, the theoretical framework of the research offered a model to explain the transformations in an organization, motivations to role improvement, and women´s position on pyramid of organizational role.Explanation method was used for the research. Statistical community includes employed women at Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. Sample size was 150 as calculated by random sampling based on Cochran's formula. Researcher-made questionnaire was used to gather data, and data processing was done using software.Results show that women are not present at higher levels of the organization and, despite the opportunities for their presence at the middle levels, the related role improvement during the employment period is less than %5. Pearson's correlation coefficient test showed that from different variables, including the number of successful exemplary women, support by the organization, and role transition, respectively had the most powerful correlation with the dependent variable. In multivariate regression analysis, job satisfaction, support by the organization, the number of successful exemplary women, role transition, and conditions of employment are the significant variables. And, net effect of job satisfaction variable on position improvement of the employed women is more than that of the independent variables. Multivariate regression could express %41 of the variable of job improvement of women. Thus, the results confirm the theoretical framework and Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Women's perception about the space of Tehran city
Reyhaneh Baazm khadigeh safir Khalil Mirzaei Abdolhossein KalantariThe main goal of this article is to study the perception of women around the urban space of Tehran. Therefore, this article has adopted a qualitative approach based on phenomenology to study the phenomenon of social exclusion of women in the urban space of Tehran, and f MoreThe main goal of this article is to study the perception of women around the urban space of Tehran. Therefore, this article has adopted a qualitative approach based on phenomenology to study the phenomenon of social exclusion of women in the urban space of Tehran, and for this purpose, 29 women between the ages of 20 and 45 living in Tehran were selected and interviewed based on the logic of purposeful sampling. done. The results of this research indicate that women face a lack of support in various fields in the society. In fact, they have faced issues such as lack of security in the city, lack of efficiency in urban facilities and equipment, lack of legal protection, lack of protection against social harm, lack of support system in the employment environment, lack of self-confidence and lack of family support. These cases have weakened and deprived women of their rights. On the other hand, with the exclusion of women from society, deprivation and social exclusion spreads to other social groups, and the capacity of women to improve the social status of society is lost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Examining the Role of culture and social development in Promoting Women's Awareness toward Political Issues
seyyed morteza bani fatemeh مهرداد ‏نوابخش عبدالرضا ‏ادهمیThe present study examines the role of culture and social development as social network in promoting women's awareness toward political issues. In recent years, the spread of internet penetration rate in the country and membership in virtual networks has grown dramatica MoreThe present study examines the role of culture and social development as social network in promoting women's awareness toward political issues. In recent years, the spread of internet penetration rate in the country and membership in virtual networks has grown dramatically through mobile phones. Despite the epidemic of social networks, the presence of women in these networks and the impact of these networks on their lives is important from a sociological point of view. While reviewing on the conceptual space and some theories related to women's connection and communication technology, this research has made critical theories as a point of self-reliance and has attempted to examine how women are exposed to social networks. The research method is survey and its statistical population is all women resident in Tehran city. The sample size was 458 women who were selected through multi-stage sampling. The variables that measured their impact on women's political awareness were as follows: social and economic origin of the family, membership and activity in social networks, education and ethnicity, and age groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Qualitative study of career- family role conflict of female teacher in Saveh city
leila fathi tayebeh ghasemiIn addition to being responsible for the family plans that have long been attributed to them, most working women also take on job responsibilities due to numerous economic, social, and cultural factors. They are subjected to objective and mental pressures.This research MoreIn addition to being responsible for the family plans that have long been attributed to them, most working women also take on job responsibilities due to numerous economic, social, and cultural factors. They are subjected to objective and mental pressures.This research seeks to identify the job-family role conflict of women with the qualitative method and grounded theory strategy. Participants in the present study were 20 female teachers living in Saveh who were interviewed in a semi-structured manner. Then the data were analyzed using open, axial and selective three-stage coding. Findings indicate that causal conditions and job-family role conflict in female teachers include; Accumulation of role and limitation of time and energy - Structural economic problems - Cultural norms on society - Empowerment, independence, and social status reduce the pressure of the position. Underlying conditions and contexts for reducing work-family role conflict; Legal protection of women - education of cooperation and cooperation in the family - equality of women's rights - relative welfare in society. Interventional conditions that significantly reduce conflict include; Job Satisfaction - Organizational and Government Support - The family as a support institution. The strategy of female teachers in role conflict situations; Dividing work and involving the family with discourse is the management of energy and time, and ultimately the consequences of role conflict among employed female teachers; Alienation and reduced human development - the spread of social harm - reduced mental health, well-being and quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - The social factors effecting the role of women in the sustainable urban development of Arak city
Fatemeh Farahani Ali Roshanaie Mohammad Hossein Asadi Davoodabadi Omid Ali AhmadiThe principal objective of the present Research is to identify the social factors effective on the women's role-playing in the sustainable urban development of Arak city. The concept of women’s social capacity in the development projects has attracted the attention of p MoreThe principal objective of the present Research is to identify the social factors effective on the women's role-playing in the sustainable urban development of Arak city. The concept of women’s social capacity in the development projects has attracted the attention of policy makers and social policy authorities due to the fact that the roles of national governments have been weakened by globalization, thus, it has made the capacities of local communities a viable solution to the development problems. The theoretical framework of the research was developed based on the theories that explain the relationship between gender and development including feminist theories, capacity theory, theory of urban sustainable system, Bourdieu theory of masculine domination, theory of urban attachment. Based on the samplimg plan developed among women with ages above 20 from 55 neiborhoods in 5 district in Arak, the research was carried out using survey method and researcher-made questionnaire. Cluster and inappropriate stratified samplings with 392 individuals as the sample volume were used. The research results confirm the hypotheses based on which factors effecting the role of women in sustainable urban development of Arak city include: capital amount available for women (such as social capital, cultural capital, and economic capital); city’s capacity to supply the citizens’ needs; housing welfare conditions; gender stereotyes dominating the family; education, being native or not; employment; city attachment; believing in gender segregation in development; gender discrimination feeling, and development-related talents. Finally, based on regression analysis, the independent variables’ power used in explaining the dependent variable variance was 35 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The role of social support in preventing job-family role conflict
SeyedAlireza Afshani Lida Hatefi-radWork and family are two main areas in every body's life that simultaneous involvement with dual roles of these two has some effect on the organization, the individual and his family. This research aims to examine social support of employed people among employed women in MoreWork and family are two main areas in every body's life that simultaneous involvement with dual roles of these two has some effect on the organization, the individual and his family. This research aims to examine social support of employed people among employed women in Yazd which is one of social factors related to work- family conflict. Research method was survey and data collected by a questionnaire and 323 employed woman selected by cluster sampling method. Data were analyzed by the statistical software’s, namely SPSS and AMOS. The Findings of this study indicate that social support of employed people had significant and negative relationship with work-family conflict. Also there is a significant and negative relationship between social support of family and social support of supervisor with work- family conflict. In contrast, no significant relationship was found between social support from colleagues and role conflict. Thus, social support from family and work is essential in order to reduce the pressure and stress of female employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Opportunities and challenges of developing urban spaces for women (case study: women's centers and parks in Tehran)
Zahra ZareWomen's urban spaces are implemented as a solution for the development of women's activities, especially in the field of leisure and sports, so that women can use urban spaces more by reducing some customary and religious restrictions. This research tries to e MoreWomen's urban spaces are implemented as a solution for the development of women's activities, especially in the field of leisure and sports, so that women can use urban spaces more by reducing some customary and religious restrictions. This research tries to examine the field findings and the opinions of experts and informants to gain an understanding of the opportunities and challenges of these spaces. The research method is mixed and qualitative. Documentary methods and practical and collaborative research have been used. In the documentary part, the findings of 22 articles of the last ten years have been used, and in the practical and collaborative research, the opinions of 40 key informants in this field have been used. The branch of data analysis is qualitative content analysis and SWOT analysis. The findings show that women need and are interested in these spaces. However, there are some weak points such as: inappropriate location, insufficient description of services and program, and how to interact with participants and women. Weak public trust in the municipality and government institutions, not prioritizing women's issues and emphasizing sloganeering and advertising approaches and the desire for bisexual and family spaces are some of the challenges of these spaces Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The place of women and family in the bill of the seventh economic and social development program of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Hamed Mohammadi Fateme AbediFive-year development plans determine the path of growth and development of our country in economic, social and cultural dimensions. These programs are compiled based on the constitution, the country's 20-year vision document and general policies announced by the S MoreFive-year development plans determine the path of growth and development of our country in economic, social and cultural dimensions. These programs are compiled based on the constitution, the country's 20-year vision document and general policies announced by the Supreme Leader. Due to the important and valuable position of women in society, in all programs, there are provisions dedicated to women's issues in all cultural, social and economic dimensions. Although some of these provisions are useful, they are not enough for this area. The Seventh Development Plan Bill is not an exception to this rule and, despite the good points raised in it, it also faces shortcomings. In this article, the method of categorical content analysis has been used, and the previous development programs have been reviewed, and it has been tried to analyze the materials and clauses mentioned in chapter 16 of the seventh development program, which is dedicated to women, family and the population. To improve and complete the mentioned materials, provide tips, criticisms and suggestions. In this program, we have positive and better points regarding the status of women and family than in previous development programs, still the general evaluation of the proposed rulings in the field of women, family and the young people of the population shows the lack of comprehensiveness in problem analysis and the lack of discourse consensus in it has the field of women and family. So, it has been tried to provide corrective rulings in accordance with each section and the identified challenges Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - The Investigation of Social Support’s Effect on Women Empowerment
Alireza Kaldi Parvaneh Salahshouri -
Open Access Article
101 - The Role of Government in the Development and Restriction of the Women’s Contemporary Civil Claims’ Discourses in Iran
Ebrahim Motaqi Ali Roshanaie -
Open Access Article
102 - The impact of Women’s socio- intellectual conditions on efficiency of laws
Amir Nikpey Afsaneh Tavassoli Shiva Modareszadeh -
Open Access Article
103 - A Survey on social factors affecting woman participation Rate in Tabriz NGOs
Hamid Pouryousefi Habibeh Bahari -
Open Access Article
104 - Sociological Analysis of Cultural Poverty in the Repetition of Social Deviations and Return to Prison in Women Prisoners (Central Women's Repentance Center of Arak City in 2019)
Houra Keykhosravi Alireza Kaldi Hossein Agajani Mersa'Developing kinds of moral and behavioral deviations, which are caused by changes in social, cultural, familial, political and religious structure, provides the needs of committing crime in society. The aim of this research, is analyzing the backgrounds of committing cri MoreDeveloping kinds of moral and behavioral deviations, which are caused by changes in social, cultural, familial, political and religious structure, provides the needs of committing crime in society. The aim of this research, is analyzing the backgrounds of committing crime, strategies and their consequences, by women prisoners in central prison of Arak. For this purpose, using the grounded theory method and the technique of semi-structured interview, 14 women with the background of returning to prison, were interviewed deeply through purposeful sampling. After 10th interview, conceptual saturation was reached. The interview continued up to 14th person for peace of mind. The data categorized using Straus and Corbin paradigm model and then, its paradigm model was drawn. The results of research showed that being bait and deceived, disagreement between couples, emotional divorce and unsuccessful marriage, are some reasons of deviation in this women. Social deviations of father, differential companion, parents' addiction and contrary, lack of emotion, being victim of rape and domestic violence, are effective factors of this deviation that follows strategies such as social deviation, inappropriate marriage, theft, divorce and out of custom relations. Some of consequences of these strategies are family disintegration, ethical and social anomalies and finally prison. Results showed that cultural poverty is the main factor of women's tendency to committing crime, being prisoned and repeating the same crimes and returning to prison. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - study of effective socio-economic factors on employment of Iranian immigrant women in Calgary, Canada, 2009
Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Mahdavi Mahdieh Salmasi -
Open Access Article
106 - Social Causes of Divorce in Yazd Province in the Past Decade
Gholamabbas Tavassoli Ali Ghiasi Nodoushan -
Open Access Article
107 - Explaining the Social Role of Women in Bijan Najdi's Fictional Works
Mona Aramfar Ashraf Chegini Mohammad Ali ShafaeiWomen, as half of the population, have a direct impact on the development of society. Because the goal of any society is to maximize social welfare and social welfare is a function of per capita income, fair distribution of income, improving the level of educational, he MoreWomen, as half of the population, have a direct impact on the development of society. Because the goal of any society is to maximize social welfare and social welfare is a function of per capita income, fair distribution of income, improving the level of educational, health, welfare and social, economic, cultural, political participation of men and women and ... Due to the importance of women's social role, the main purpose of this study was to explain the social role of women in Bijan Najdi's fictional works. The present study is with a qualitative approach. Because in the design phase of the concept model, a qualitative approach has been used. Also, this research is an inductive and exploratory study of the research strategy of the type of content analysis. In order to enumerate the components and sub-components of the social role of women in the studied works, the textual data analysis software (MAXQDA) has been used. And the final pattern has been counted. In addition, the highest frequency was related to the sub-component of the female family role in stories with a frequency of 65 times and the second position was related to the value role of women in stories with a frequency of 42 times. And in the third place, the socio-economic role with the frequency of 23 times, and finally in the fourth and final position under the component of the cultural role of women with the frequency of 18 times. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - A survey about social-cultural role of women in qualitative improvement of environment
Seyed Mohammad Mirzai Nasrin Jazani Omalbanin Pouladi -
Open Access Article
109 - The Evaluation of Factors Affecting Women Tendencies’ toward Manly Occupations (Case Study: Female Students of Police College and Allameh Tabatabai Social Sciences Department 2012-2013)
Fariba Shaygan Alireza Kaldi Seyede Zahra Askari Tabatabaei -
Open Access Article
110 - The Evaluation Women and Family Status in Development Plans in the National Documents
Zahra Samavati Jafar Satvati Mohammad Zerang -
Open Access Article
111 - The effects of women `s employment on family (A research about married and employed women in ministry of labor and social affairs)
Bagher Saroukhani Soraya Goudarzi -
Open Access Article
112 - An Evaluation of Life Expectancy Status among Homeless Women in Tehran City (Case of study: A Temporary Holding Center for Homeless Women of Tehran Municipality, "Samansraye Lavizan")
Khadijeh Safiri Rasoul Khadem -
Open Access Article
113 - The Assessment of the Female Carpet Weavers’ Economic Abilities in Taka’abafshar and Their Role in Rural Development (Case of Study: Villages of Taka’ab Division)
Mohammad sadegh Oliyaie Mehdi Dehghan Neyestanaki -
Open Access Article
114 - Investigating the Relationship between the Use of National Media News and Women's Political Awareness (Case of Study: Women Aged 20 to 65 in Tehran 2nd District)
Maryam Vaqef Seyed Ali RahmanzadehIn this article, in order to understand the relationship between the news media national political awareness of women different approaches and models discussed and then the study of women, of the opinions presented are used. The method used in this study is applicable, MoreIn this article, in order to understand the relationship between the news media national political awareness of women different approaches and models discussed and then the study of women, of the opinions presented are used. The method used in this study is applicable, the type of data and the method of collecting quantitative data, descriptive and correlational. The study sample consisted of women 20 to 65 years Region 2 in Tehran. In this study, sampling, simple random, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha test expert opinion and also tested and approved. Then, based on the conceptual model, questions and hypotheses, using a questionnaire derived items in the sample was questioned. The data, collected by the type of information and data, descriptive and inferential methods were used. First, by using descriptive statistics including frequency tables and percentages, measures of central tendency and deviation calculation such as mean, median, standard deviation, variance, and so on to evaluate the status of the samples were studied, and then use the appropriate statistical tests the calculation of correlation results were extrapolated from the sample population. Finally, using multiple regression final model, the relationship between factors is calculated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - Gender and development: a Glimpse on Demographic Changes in Iranian Rural Areas
Soheila Alirezanejad Foroughasadat Banihashem -
Open Access Article
116 - The Typology of Interest-Free Loan Funds and Women Potency; the Traditional Micro Credits Model in Iran
Soheila Alirezanezhad -
Open Access Article
117 - The Effect of Social Capital on the Mental Health of Educational Women
Enayatollah Hosseinzehi Sousan SahamiThe purpose of this study was the explaining mental health of educational women on the basis of social capital. Method of study was correlational and the statistical population consisted of all women teachers of Sarbaz city that with the help of Chochran's formulate 191 MoreThe purpose of this study was the explaining mental health of educational women on the basis of social capital. Method of study was correlational and the statistical population consisted of all women teachers of Sarbaz city that with the help of Chochran's formulate 191 women selected from the population of Sarbaz city through cluster random sampling method. Questionnaires of Goldberg’s mental health (1972), social capital questionnaires of Sahami (1996) were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and correlation and regression method were used to analyze data. The results showed that there is significant relationship between the social capital and mental health. In addition mental health’s showed significant relationship with social network and political trust. But didn’t show significant relationship with social cooperation and family trust. The regression analyzes showed that the dimensions of political trust and social network could predict mental health of educational women. Social capital creates social cohesion, confidence, and a willingness to engage in local activities. He also believes that social capital can reduce stress and health risk factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - The Impact of Cyberspace on the Lifestyle of 18-40 Years Old Women in Districts 2 and 5 of Tehran (2015-2016)
Mahboubeh Moazami Goudarzi Davoud DoagouyanThe present research has been done with the purpose of cyberspace effect on Tehranian women؛s lifestyle. Statistical community of 18-40 year old women in Tehran 2015-2016 was up to 316996 people. The statistical samples of 384 persons which are randomly classified by us MoreThe present research has been done with the purpose of cyberspace effect on Tehranian women؛s lifestyle. Statistical community of 18-40 year old women in Tehran 2015-2016 was up to 316996 people. The statistical samples of 384 persons which are randomly classified by using Morgan’s determining sample size chart from areas 2 and 5. Instrument for data collection has done the questionnaire based on Likert،s Five-Point scale containing of 46 items in 5 choices. The validity of the questionnaire has been evaluated by supervisor professor and 10 expert and the reliability evaluated and calculated by means of Cronbach Alpha as well and the final coefficient for the total questionnaire was 0/97. In descriptive statistics، abundance and average percentage، Median and extension and standard deviation are calculated. To investigate the effect of variables Binomial test and Regression analysis were used in inferential statistics. Using SPSS application to analysis data and achieved following consequences: from total of 46 questions which are subclasses of Audio message، Visual message، Cultural advertises، Social interaction، immoral programs and Adornment appearance which immoral programs had the most and social interactions had the least effect on the women،s lifestyle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Reciprocal impacts of change on women’s traditional social roles in local communities and improvement in the environmental position (A case study: experiences of GEF/Small Grants Program in the context of Iran)
Soheila Alirezanejad Hassan Saraie -
Open Access Article
120 - Study of the Effect of Urban Regeneration on the Development of Social Capital (Case Study: Ardabil Aliqapu Sidewalk)
Mohsen Alaei BousjinA general term that includes other concepts such as improvement, renovation, reconstruction, empowerment and lubrication of worn-out tissues in public urban spaces. On the other hand, urban space is a suitable platform for urban activities and a place for social interac MoreA general term that includes other concepts such as improvement, renovation, reconstruction, empowerment and lubrication of worn-out tissues in public urban spaces. On the other hand, urban space is a suitable platform for urban activities and a place for social interactions and a basis for the formation and development of social capital. The development of social capital strengthens values such as solidarity, solidarity, unity, cooperation and public participation. The purpose of this article is to study the impact of urban regeneration on the development, progress and promotion of social capital. At this stage, first the required data were collected from the selected statistical population using a survey study method and a questionnaire technique (two researcher-made questionnaires, one social capital questionnaire and the other urban regeneration questionnaire), after classification. And extraction, with the usual statistical methods and using SPSS software, were measured and analyzed scientifically. The statistical population of this research, by interviewing people over 18 to 60 years old, with different forms of space occupation such as use, living and working on the Aliqapu sidewalk ın Ardabil and in the spring and summer of 2019-2020 has been selected. 130 samples were selected using random sampling method. The results show that the urban regeneration of Aliqapu sidewalk in Ardabil has a positive and significant effect on the development of social capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - A survey of the impacts of employment on women's life qualification in Mashhad city 2009
Habibollah Zanjani Masoumeh Bayat -
Open Access Article
122 - The obstacles of job promotion among Iranian women (A case study of Bank Melli Iran)
Shahla Kazemipour Mozhgan Jafari -
Open Access Article
123 - Thematic Analysis of Women's Social Development with Emphasis on Sustainable Empowerment
Mohammadreza HosseiniThe role and position of women in the development process of any society is an undeniable issue that in order to achieve it, in the first step, every society must have policies and programs at the theoretical and executive levels in order to empower women; because women MoreThe role and position of women in the development process of any society is an undeniable issue that in order to achieve it, in the first step, every society must have policies and programs at the theoretical and executive levels in order to empower women; because women can be effective in the development of society when they are empowered. Accordingly, the present study has been conducted qualitatively by analyzing the social development of women based on their sustainable empowerment. The study population was women over 20 years old in Boroujerd city. Targeted sampling of 24 people until theoretical saturation, data collection method, in-depth interview and data analysis method was thematic analysis. Nvivo software is used. Also, the validity of the research has been achieved through the member validity method, and the reliability has been achieved through the audit of the research process by experts. According to the research findings, women's social development requires the provision of theoretical and practical infrastructures for their justice-oriented development and "sustainable empowerment", meaning that women's empowerment is both uninterrupted and continuous and takes place in all dimensions. These are: 1) physical empowerment, 2) psychological empowerment, 3) economic empowerment, 4) social empowerment, 5) political empowerment, 6) cultural empowerment, and 7) legal empowerment. As a result, if we want the development of society, we must provide the conditions for their social development by sustainable empowerment of women as half of the citizens of society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - A Sociological Study of the Role of Gender Cultural Beliefs in Finding Women's Sports Talent
Soheila Abdi Ne'matabad Bahmram Gadimi Shahla Hojjat Masoumeh Shojaie Zahra Alipour DarvishiThe study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealin MoreThe study of women's sports, especially with a social approach that is less perceived, is of particular importance. Advances in this regard require the development of a program of talent that can distinguish and educate athletes from the very beginning. Talent in dealing with a variety of factors, including gender-based cultural beliefs. It seems that women's sports in most societies are more marginalized, and therefore the gender and norms associated with it can be effective in the process of scouting. This study examines the role of gender cultural beliefs in women's sports scores. The methodology of research is based on a qualitative approach that the researcher has studied through the depth of interviews. This study has been used to study the subject using qualitative analysis derived from non-constructed interviews. And among three groups of coaches and executives, professors and experts and female athlete of the hero. In the sample selection, a sampling method has been used for multi-objective purposeful sampling. The researcher has considered 30 samples to be sufficient for theoretical saturation. Finally, the reform of gender stereotyped attitudes in society, the correction of the gender reflection of women's women's sports championship and the need to rethink their gender culture is one of its key findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Difference between Man and Woman in Compensation
Sohaila BabivardiKilling is a phenomenon man has always been encountering. In order toprevent individuals from violating rights to others’ life, man hasexperienced and thought of various ways so far. Islam has also madespecial laws in order to prevent men from committing this unpl MoreKilling is a phenomenon man has always been encountering. In order toprevent individuals from violating rights to others’ life, man hasexperienced and thought of various ways so far. Islam has also madespecial laws in order to prevent men from committing this unpleasantphenomenon in such a way that the killing is committed deliberatelythe killer must face retaliation and if it is done unintentionally he mustpay blood money. Such a law-making is explicitly mentioned in theverse 92 of the second Quranic surah. The present essay expoundsperspectives of earlier jurists concerning compensation first and thoseof later jurists secondly, discusses juristic essential of man and womanbeing equal in compensation thirdly, explains juristic essential ofwoman’s compensation being half of man’s fourthly, and deals with thereason for difference between man and woman in compensation finally Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Design and delivery a Cultural model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis
Mahmoud Hashemi Sharam Alipour Mohsen Ameri SharabiThis study discussed the Design and delivery a Cultural model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative methods. After an MoreThis study discussed the Design and delivery a Cultural model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative methods. After analyzing the data, 27 components of 621 concept codes were obtained and then classified at six dimensions including, home business (with 6 components), culture making of women job involvement (with 4 components), job culture enhancement (with 6 factors), neighborhood identity enhancement (with 6 factors), Neighborhood oriented approach in urban Management (with 4 components) empowerment of women (with 5 components). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The Role of Entrepreneurial Women in economic Development(Case Study: khoramrod Rural District of Tuyserkan City)
moslem bashirahsan rebaz ghorbaninejadThe participation of women in all aspects of economic life is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable economic development of rural areas and for that, consider as a fundamental necessity. Accordingly, this article studies the role of women entreprene MoreThe participation of women in all aspects of economic life is one of the most important factors in achieving sustainable economic development of rural areas and for that, consider as a fundamental necessity. Accordingly, this article studies the role of women entrepreneurs in rural economic development emphatically on Khoramroud rural district of Tuyserkan city. Research data have been collected by questionnaire and field studies of twenty villages of Khoramroud rural district. After that, the data have been analyzed by descriptive-analytical methodology, field survey and using of Spearman Test. Results anf findings show that the participation of entrepreneur women of Khoramroud rural district has provided the economic development of that area, increase of occupation and revenue along with growth of investment and facilities. Nevertheless, this phenomenon has not caused sustainable economic revival and enrichment with long-term economic diversification of that rural district. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Women's role in regional Socio-cultural development with an emphasis on rural women Brtavny The Case of the city of Sari
Reyhanh Dabouei بیژن رحمانی فریده اسدیانThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of women in socio-cultural development of the village, with emphasis on rural women's cooperatives in the city of Sari by qualitative and quantitative method. The statistical population of rural women was literate in MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of women in socio-cultural development of the village, with emphasis on rural women's cooperatives in the city of Sari by qualitative and quantitative method. The statistical population of rural women was literate in Sari city. The sample size of the research sample was 382, the sample samples were 18 samples. The data gathering tool was interviewed in the qualitative section and a researcher made a small part of the questionnaire. The findings of the research showed that among the variables explaining the social and cultural components of development: networks, common norms, co-operation and mutual cooperation, solidarity and solidarity and participation that are not only dimensions of social and cultural development and are effective in sustainable development of the region. . Based on the t-test, with 95% confidence, rural women play a role in the socio-cultural development of the village. From the point of view of cooperative women, rural women's cooperatives play a significant role in the socio-cultural development of the villages in the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The study of socio-economic characteristics of the rural women and their contribution in the household income. Case study: The rural women of Divandareh town
M.S AliyayiBesides their responsibilities in the family institution as a mother and wife, the Iranian women play important roles in the economic affairs and in the rural regions in the production affairs as well. Amid this situation, the role of rural women in the production and a MoreBesides their responsibilities in the family institution as a mother and wife, the Iranian women play important roles in the economic affairs and in the rural regions in the production affairs as well. Amid this situation, the role of rural women in the production and agricultural activities including plantation, harvesting, animal husbandry and gardening are more noticeable. Furthermore, the role which they play in the family's responsibilities is considerable and perhaps it is more than that of the urban women. In this article, the socio-economic characteristics of the women in the rural areas of Divandareh town and their share in the family income with regard to the value of the labor force being produced by them in the production activities have been reviewed. Using a survey method, this study selected 177 sample households on the basis of random sampling out of four various rural districts. Moreover, the collection data was performed by using questionnaire technique and oral interviews. The finding of this research shows that there is a meaningful co-efficiency between the variable of the women's' labor force value and their share in the household income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Identifying Cultural Factors Underlying the Spread of Divorce from the Perspective of Women and Presenting a Management Model to Reduce It (Case study: District 1 of Tehran Municipality)
sanaz golijani moghadam seyed reza salehi amiri kamran mohamadkhaniThe purpose of this study is to identify the cultural factors underlying the spread of divorce from the perspective of women in District One of Tehran Municipality. Descriptive research is survey, applied and mixed. The statistical population includes all women in distr MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify the cultural factors underlying the spread of divorce from the perspective of women in District One of Tehran Municipality. Descriptive research is survey, applied and mixed. The statistical population includes all women in district one of Tehran and the statistical sample includes 492 people according to the unlimited population with Cochran's formula. First, through semi-structured interviews with experts to obtain content validity, the cultural factors underlying divorce were extracted by Delphi method, and finally by preparing two questionnaires: a- researcher-made, b- proportionality of the research model and to obtain formal validity experimentally It was obtained from Cronbach's test with 0.97. Statistical analysis of the study was non-parametric binomial test, Friedman test and to determine the fit of the model, one-group t-test and confirmatory factor analysis and combined structural equations were used. Findings were generally examined with the approach of behavioral, structural, contextual (environmental) pathology, in the dimensions of individual, family, government and society, and each of the cultural factors, respectively; Inequality, lack of religious beliefs, cultural conflict, lifestyle, tourism, information and communication technology (cyberspace), education and lack of life skills training, life and urban luxuries, migration, cultural aggression and finally the media were identified and the management model A culture on individual behavior, family behavior, the structure of government institutions, the context of society was developed and presented to reduce divorce among women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - Identification Effective Factors on Social - Economic Empowerments of Rural Women memberships of Micro-credit Funds of the Firouzkouh County
kayvan shoja chaghervand Farhad Lashgarara Maryam MahmoodiOne of the main indicators of national economic modernization and social development, is the participation of women and the role of women in economic structures. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effective factors over social and economic empowerments of r MoreOne of the main indicators of national economic modernization and social development, is the participation of women and the role of women in economic structures. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effective factors over social and economic empowerments of rural women membership of micro-credit funds of the Firouzkouh county. The statically population of this research, was rural women memberships of micro-credit fund of the city of Firoozkooh (N = 102). Due to the small sample size in this study, the census method was used. Finally, SPSS v19, Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0/823) for different sections of the questionnaire was calculated. The results showed that there is positive and significant relationship at level of 1% error among socioeconomically empowerment of women membership of micro-credit funds of Firouzkouh county and economical, educational- promotional, social-cultural, personality-psychological and level of education and there is a significant and negative correlation with age variable and there is a level of 1% error. The results also showed that 55 percent of variance changes of socioeconomically empowerment of rural women memberships of micro-credit funds were depended on personality-psychological and educational- promotional factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Explain Predictive Factors Tendency to Entrepreneurship among Rural Women
Hamed Izadi bahman khosravipour Ameneh SavariMombeniToday, in many developed and developing countries, rural entrepreneurship in general and rural women entrepreneurship has been seen specifically as the key to economic development as well as business improvement in many countries around the world. The purpose of this st MoreToday, in many developed and developing countries, rural entrepreneurship in general and rural women entrepreneurship has been seen specifically as the key to economic development as well as business improvement in many countries around the world. The purpose of this study was explaining the predictive factors of tendency to entrepreneurship among rural women. This research is descriptive-survey in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study consisted of rural women in five villages of Deh Pir jonobi of eastern functions of Khorramabad county, the Center of Lorestan province (N = 756) based on Morgan table, a sample size of 256 people was selected. The sampling method with proportional assignment. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity was confirmed based on the collective opinion of faculty members and relevant experts. In addition, to determine the reliability of different parts of the questionnaire, pre-test and calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, which was between 0.70 and 0.91. The results obtained from the model of structural equations of path analysis showed that the three variables of self-identity, self-efficacy and facilities are the variables affecting the tendency of rural women to entrepreneurship in a positive and direct way. and these variables eventually accounted for 86% of the changes Predict the tendency of rural women to entrepreneurship. The results of this study have important implications for policymakers seeking to promote the entrepreneurial culture of rural women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Analysis of the Challenges of Micro-Credit Fund of Rural Women in Lorestan Province
Mojtaba Salehi Mehdi Rahimian Saeed GholamrezaiThe Purpose of this study was to analyze the challenges of micro-credit fund of rural women. Statistical population of this research consisted the rural women of micro credit fund members in Lorestan province (N= 772) that 160 of them determined as a statistical sample MoreThe Purpose of this study was to analyze the challenges of micro-credit fund of rural women. Statistical population of this research consisted the rural women of micro credit fund members in Lorestan province (N= 772) that 160 of them determined as a statistical sample by using Cochran’s formula. Samples were selected based on multi stage cluster sampling method and data were collected by questionnaire of them. Questionnaire's reliability and validity were confirmed respectively through computing Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.96) and content validity. Data analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software. According to results of the exploratory factor analysis challenges of micro-credit fund in the empowering of rural women in Lorestan province categorized in seven factors that in order of importance are: Managerial – Administrative, Legal - Political, Production – Marketing, Members Character, Educational, Financial - Credit and Monitoring- Planning challenges. These challenges explained 74.5 percent of the total variance. Results of the confirmed factor analysis indicated the significance of these factors as challenges of micro-credit fund in the empowering of rural women in Lorestan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Women's Role in Protestant developments
behrooz haddadiProtestantism has changed many aspects of traditional Christianity, so we have to ask what is the attitude of Protestant leaders to the issue of women, and on the other hand, have women been able to use the potentials of this sect in intellectual, political, social and MoreProtestantism has changed many aspects of traditional Christianity, so we have to ask what is the attitude of Protestant leaders to the issue of women, and on the other hand, have women been able to use the potentials of this sect in intellectual, political, social and religious developments? The findings of this paper are that reforming the attitude towards women in Protestantism was not the main priority of Protestant reformers and the patriarchal view of the Middle Ages dominated their attitude. Protestantism had a positive and indirect effect on the subject, and women were actively involved in the events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The Place of Women in the Gnostic Christian Schools
maryamsadat siahpoosh Leila Hooshangi حجت الله JavaniGnosticism as an important and effective school have been studied frequently. It is mainly due to its influences on several mystical and religious traditions. In this article we study the role of women in Gnostic traditions by considering the mutual relation between rel MoreGnosticism as an important and effective school have been studied frequently. It is mainly due to its influences on several mystical and religious traditions. In this article we study the role of women in Gnostic traditions by considering the mutual relation between religion and society. In the first two centuries A.D., based on the teachings of two Gnostic teachers, i.e. Simon Magus and Valentinus, a particular attitude was taken towards the role of women by the Christian theologists. Thus, the Gnostic worldview and theology spread to explain the position of the female element in the divinity. Moreover, the role of wisdom (often characterized by the name of Sophia), in the process of creation, was emphasized. In a reciprocal way, this theology, based on the female divine personality, affected the activities of women in religious society and the understanding of the scriptures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - The Place of Women in Liberating Theology
shahabodin vahidi mehrjardiLiberating theology as a twentieth century theology is a defender of the gender equality in all cultural, religious, social matters, as well as realization of social justice especially in the Latin American countries. This article is an attempt to express the role, posi MoreLiberating theology as a twentieth century theology is a defender of the gender equality in all cultural, religious, social matters, as well as realization of social justice especially in the Latin American countries. This article is an attempt to express the role, position and influence of women in different social, economic, cultural, political, and religious areas of this theology in order to achieve their goals. In this research, we firstly survey the origin of the liberation theology in Latin America. Then, we summarize the general characteristics of liberation theorem. Finally, we study the place of women in liberating theology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The Relationship between Body Composition and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Mandana Gholami Neda Ghassembaglou Hojatollah Nik Bakht Fariba EslamianIntroduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease that is characterized by the low bone mass. The major consequence of this disease is bone fractures that occur more in weightbearing areas such as vertebrae, femur and even non weight-bearing joints such as wrist. MoreIntroduction: Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease that is characterized by the low bone mass. The major consequence of this disease is bone fractures that occur more in weightbearing areas such as vertebrae, femur and even non weight-bearing joints such as wrist. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship of body composition and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 50 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, aged between 45 and 65 years who were recruited from Sina hospital in Tabriz. Body mass, fat mass, lean body mass, and bone mineral density at the spine and femoral neck were measured. Skinfold thickness was determined by caliper. Bone mineral density was measured by DEXA at the spine and femoral neck. Association between parameters of body composition and bone mineral density analyzed using a multiple regression analysis.Results: The body composition parameters indicated that only lean body mass had a significant relationship with osteoporosis in the femoral neck (R2 =0.271, P<0.05) and in the lumbar spine (R2=0.088, P<0.05).Conclusion: Our data indicated that from the body composition parameters, lean body mass is a powerful predictor of osteoporosis. Using this model, females at risk of osteoporosis can be identified; therefore early prevention and treatment are possible. This can also prevent unnecessary expenses of diagnostic procedures for people without the risks of osteoporosis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - The Effect of 16 Weeks of Low Calorie Diet on Irisin Serum Levels and Insulin Resistance Index in Obese Sedentary Women
A. Ramezankhani R. SoriIntroduction: Irisin is a new adipokine that is released from membrane protein FNDC5 and has positive effects on metabolism. The aim of this study was to survey the effects of caloric restriction on serum irisin levels and insulin resistance index in obese sedentary wom MoreIntroduction: Irisin is a new adipokine that is released from membrane protein FNDC5 and has positive effects on metabolism. The aim of this study was to survey the effects of caloric restriction on serum irisin levels and insulin resistance index in obese sedentary women. Materials and Methods: Twenty women (Mean± SD: 41.40±4.53 years; 76.69±6.14 Kg) who referred to home health of west of Tehran were divided into two groups; caloric restriction group (n=10) and control group (n=10). The calorie restriction group, in the intervention period, received 25% less than the estimated daily energy requirement. Serum irisin, glucose, insulin levels and insulin resistance using HOMA-IR were measured before and after 16 weeks. Results: Weight, BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist to hip ratio), serum irisin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were decreased significantly in the caloric restriction group. Significant correlation were observed between changes of serum irisin levels with changes of body weight, WHR, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between serum irisin levels with BMI, WHR and HOMA-IR. 16 weeks of caloric restriction is effective in reduction of serum irisin levels and insulin resistance in obese sedentary women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Factors affecting participation in forest management programs in rural community in the north of Iran
Kiomars Sefidi Elaheh Alibabaie Morteza MoridiBackground and Objective: Nowadays, participation of local communities has been recognized as a suitable approach to reach sustainable forest management. Participation of local communities in conservational projects and forest management can ensure the sustainable manag MoreBackground and Objective: Nowadays, participation of local communities has been recognized as a suitable approach to reach sustainable forest management. Participation of local communities in conservational projects and forest management can ensure the sustainable management of forest. Method: This study aims to investigate the factors affecting social acceptability and intention to participate rural communities in forest management using field survey and questionnaire in Najardeh village near the Kheyrood forest in the north of Iran. The conceptual model used in this research was examined by defining 9 hypotheses, modeling structural equations and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings: Statistical test results showed no significant difference between men and women tendencies to participate. Among the whole variables related to the respondents, education and occupational status of people did not show a significant difference in terms of tendency to participate. The results of correlation study and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the subjective norm is the most important factor affecting the tendency of villagers to participate in forest management and social acceptability of the project. Moreover, simplicity of the participation and the perceived usefulness positively and directly affect the tendency of villagers to participate in forestry projects. Discussion and Conclusion: Accordingly, if the goal is to increase rural participation in forestry projects, then building trust and enhancing the knowledge of villagers about the simplicity and usefulness of participation can be helpful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The Importance of Access to Clean Environmental Energy in Reducing Violence against women
Valiollah Nasiri Hossein Sorayyai Azar Hojjat SalimyThe connection between fossil fuel production and uses and violence against local women, and the escalation of violence against women due to climate change and also violence against women who defend the importance of environment protection and critcise the uses of fossi MoreThe connection between fossil fuel production and uses and violence against local women, and the escalation of violence against women due to climate change and also violence against women who defend the importance of environment protection and critcise the uses of fossil fuels are issues that highlight the importance of access to clean energy in reducing violence against women. Given the neglect, denial and insufficient attention to the impact of energy on the escalation of violence against women by researchers and policymakers, this study is a descriptive-analytical research using international documents and established views of the international institutions intends to discuss the relationship between fossil energy uses and production and violence against women to suggest a way to a common future. Research findings show that women's access to the clean energy is very effective in reducing violence against them, while the issue of violence against women criticizing fossil fuel uses is a new challenge to international law and women's rights that needs to be addressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - The Analythic Approach towards Psychologic and Behavier Needs of Women and Theirt Influence on Quality of Space (Case study: Public Space/
Mehrvash Kazemi farah habib Seyed gholamreza eslami3AbstractObjective: Women constitute more than half of the population, however, designers do not pay attention to theirspecial needs. Architecture is for human and human could be divided in two groups: males and females. Theyare different in sex and gender; because of t More3AbstractObjective: Women constitute more than half of the population, however, designers do not pay attention to theirspecial needs. Architecture is for human and human could be divided in two groups: males and females. Theyare different in sex and gender; because of their different gender roles in society they have some different andspecial needs in using the spaces. Sometimes spaces, exactly public spaces, for a part of user (women) are notsuitable because gender needs are overlooked. Gendered spaces as a problem will be appeared when we forgetgender differences, so that some users (women) have to leave the space and in this way a general space isconverted to a specific space. This research attempts to find and explain these spaces by focusing on womenpsychological and behavior needs in public spaces as parks.Method: Research methodology is survey and case study is chosen from some parks of Tabriz.Result: This research attempts to to clarify the process of being gendered and to investigate the spaces in threeways of being gendered:1-By planning2-By design process3-By occupation and future using.Finally, three factors were found: sparated spaces, easy circulation and domination on space in parks that makesuitable spaces Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - Survey the Effects of Micro Finance Credits Fund on the Rural Women’s Managerial Empowerment (Case Study: Alamout Region)
Mohammad Mahdi Mozaffari Mohammad Sadegh ZiaeeThe main objective of this study was to survey the effects of micro finance credits fund on the rural women’s managerial empowerment in the Alamout region. The present study in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of data analysis is descriptive- correlational MoreThe main objective of this study was to survey the effects of micro finance credits fund on the rural women’s managerial empowerment in the Alamout region. The present study in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of data analysis is descriptive- correlational. The statistical population consists of rural women member of micro finance credits fund in the Alamout region (83 members) that 68 members of them were selected as the sample size using simple random sampling method and Cochran formula. Questionnaire validity using panel of experts and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient were determined. This coefficient for questionnaire was estimated 0.82 which shows its reliability. In order to study causal relationships between affecting variables on rural women’s managerial empowerment members of micro finance credits fund from Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients and Kruskal- Wallis, Mann- Whitney and Multiple Regression tests were used.The results of Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there is a significant difference in the level of one percent between respondents’ perspective than cognition of the village situation, entrepreneurial spirit and the financial independence, the spirit of self-esteem and self-confidence and promoting of new jobs with rural women’s managerial empowerment in Alamout region. The results of Mann-Whitney test showed that head of household or not influence on rural women’s managerial empowerment in the Alamout region. The results of multiple regression analysis also showed that the significant variables in this study about 57 percent of the dependent variable changes "rural women’s managerial empowerment through micro financial credit in Alamout region" to explain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The Controversy of Traditional and Modern Women in Iran and Syria (Case Study: The Novel "Aldawwama" and "I Turn Off the Lights")
sara hasani nafte yahya marof ali salimi abdolreza naderifarLiterary works are one of the most important tools for understanding the position of women in society. In the last decade, due to the change in the social, cultural and economic structure of societies and the rising level of women's awareness, women writers have critica MoreLiterary works are one of the most important tools for understanding the position of women in society. In the last decade, due to the change in the social, cultural and economic structure of societies and the rising level of women's awareness, women writers have critically expressed the social status and role of women and called for a fundamental change in people's attitudes and revision of patriarchal interpretations of literary texts. Have been. Zoya Pirzad and Qamar Kilani are writers who, with their knowledge of the situation of women in the society of their time, have written stories centered on women. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical method and relies on the American school of comparative literature to analyze and compare the personalities of traditional and modern women in the novels "aldawwama" by Qamar Kilani, a contemporary Syrian author, and "I turn off the lights." Zoya Pirzad pays. The works of these two contemporary writers are a manifestation of their realism and realism, which expresses many social events in both Syrian and Iranian societies. These two authors portray the character of traditional women with characteristics such as housekeeping, gender roles, passivity against the patriarchal system, and citizenship of traditional traditions. Violation of traditional traditions has been described. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Woman; Jalal Al Ahmad; Federico Garcia Lorca; Short Story; Play
زهره اله دادی دستجردی soodabe bashi zadehis research is a comparative study between the literature of Iran and the literature of Spain on the subject of women and his place in the family and society. The case study of this research focuses on short stories by Jalal Al Ahmad and three plays by Federico Garcia Morehis research is a comparative study between the literature of Iran and the literature of Spain on the subject of women and his place in the family and society. The case study of this research focuses on short stories by Jalal Al Ahmad and three plays by Federico Garcia Lorca with the names of Blood Wedding Names, Yerma, Bernarda Alba's House.In this comparative study, the status and role of women in the family and society in the literature of Iran and Spain are examined. To restrict the research field, Jalal Al-Ahmad's short stories and Federico Garcia Lorca's plays have been recognized as two authoritative authors in both countries. In the beginning, a brief overview of the history of life and socio-cultural activities of both writers has been presented, and the woman, his position and image have first been studied separately in each and every one of the works, and then adaptively.The following is a familiarization with the history of life and the days of Jalal al-Ahmad and Federico García Lorca; in order to become familiar with the historical, political and social context of their life, a comparative study of the status of women in their works is desirable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - Woman in Sedqi and Bahar's poetry
Mahmoud Reza Tavakolli Mohammadi Mohammad Ali Azarshab Masoumeh ShabestariThe foundation of the Solafiyeh school in comparative literature is to pay attention to social, political and cultural infrastructure of that society. The existing similarities in cultural, religious and social aspects in Iran – conditional era – and Iraq &n MoreThe foundation of the Solafiyeh school in comparative literature is to pay attention to social, political and cultural infrastructure of that society. The existing similarities in cultural, religious and social aspects in Iran – conditional era – and Iraq – Nehzat era – caused that both countries poets and scholars study common subjects and issues without having knowledge of each other’s literary works. One of the main concepts which has been manifested in these eras was the women issue and (studying) their problems and matters. Based on the abovementioned, the present article intends to study the women’s presence in the society according to Solafiyeh school from Bahar in Iran and Sedqi in Iraq point of views and tries to show the similarities nad differences between them in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - The study of women image in “we are not your slave any longer” and “we get used to” Novels
Mina Pirzad Nia Zahra MortezayiTherefore, taking descriptive-analytic method, this study tries to examine the women image and their presence in the society in an attempt to take a step toward identifying the feministic thoughts of both authors. It is found out that portrayed women in both novels are MoreTherefore, taking descriptive-analytic method, this study tries to examine the women image and their presence in the society in an attempt to take a step toward identifying the feministic thoughts of both authors. It is found out that portrayed women in both novels are brave and domineeringfigureswhom byactive participation in social and economic areas and byinteraction with mencould disobeytraditional and masculismlaws of their respective society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - A Comparative Study on Feministic Language in "The Dog and the Long Winter" and "The Grass is Singing"
Atiyeh Khorasani Batool Fakhr EslamThe present article surveys the feministic language of "the Dog and the long winter" by Shahrnoosh Parsi Poor and "the grass is singing" by Doris Lessing comparatively. Parsi Poor and Lessing study the woman as the main character and hero in order to review their situat MoreThe present article surveys the feministic language of "the Dog and the long winter" by Shahrnoosh Parsi Poor and "the grass is singing" by Doris Lessing comparatively. Parsi Poor and Lessing study the woman as the main character and hero in order to review their situation in the society, their problems and limitations they may face in a patriarchal society. While both works are the first published works of both authors, the present article attempts to study the relationship between feminism and feministic language in order to analyze the question: Do these works enjoy a feministic language? It also follows by considering the feministic language in abovementioned works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Mother from two contemporary poets’ point of view Parvin E’tesami and Ensiyeh Abboud
Maryam Peykan PourWoman has been pictured in literature generally and in Iran and Syria literature specifically. Since literature has always been the complete mirror of real life and society, thus it can be inferred that woman plays a vital and important role in the societ MoreWoman has been pictured in literature generally and in Iran and Syria literature specifically. Since literature has always been the complete mirror of real life and society, thus it can be inferred that woman plays a vital and important role in the society. The present article is the outcome of the novel “Al Na’na’ Al Barri” from Ensiyeh Abboud in Syria and “the complete works” of Parvin E’tesami and her thoughts in Iran. Woman does not have a considerable position as a wife and men always consider themselves as the lord of their wives thus they humiliate their wives’ characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The Status of “Woman” and “Love” in Dade QorQod and Iliad and Odyssey
Mohammadreza Barzegar Khaleghi Roghayeh Naisari TabriziRegardless of the Firdausi Epopee, the Book Deda GorGud and Iliad and Odyssey Homer, are among the most beautiful and greatest epic works of world nations. There is some similarity and parallelism in these works and one of the important causes of this hom MoreRegardless of the Firdausi Epopee, the Book Deda GorGud and Iliad and Odyssey Homer, are among the most beautiful and greatest epic works of world nations. There is some similarity and parallelism in these works and one of the important causes of this homology, is the mixing of mythology of the various nations and their interactions.The homology of these works made us study the position of women and to compare it in these works with another reflection on the attitude of saga creators. This paper reviews the status of women in both epic and express parallelism and dissonance, the subject of love in these works are also discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Woman in is thinking of the great literary figures of contemporary Persian and Arabic
Mehdi momtahen Maryam farrokhi poor shima Faraji farWoman is another face of human in the world. She is the main section of essence house and the leveler of the life way. The reflection of the past social beliefs and imaginations about woman had a key and determining role in persian and Arabic literature. To extent that MoreWoman is another face of human in the world. She is the main section of essence house and the leveler of the life way. The reflection of the past social beliefs and imaginations about woman had a key and determining role in persian and Arabic literature. To extent that most of these poets mentioned their latent and requests by love to woman and they emphasized on women's spiritual issues such as: education, freedom, bounty, contentment, righteousness, art, mysticism and so on. This emphasis resulted from the differences of the contemporary persian and Arabic scholars to woman compared to other groups and its result is manifested in most spiritual, humanistic and social issues. To extent that in most cases the women poets selected male, imitative and unclear recognition language for themselves. The present study tries to investigate the poets and scholars point of view about woman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - “The Comparison Study of Balzac and Jamalzadeh’s Viewpoints in the Two Works of Eugenie Grandet and Dar al-Majanin”
Karim Hayati Ashtiani Sonia TalebiHonore de Balzac and Muhammad Ali Jamalzadeh are two well-known thinkers and authors from France and Iran, respectively, who inspired the conception and thoughts of the societies of their own time to a great extent by creating their works. The current art MoreHonore de Balzac and Muhammad Ali Jamalzadeh are two well-known thinkers and authors from France and Iran, respectively, who inspired the conception and thoughts of the societies of their own time to a great extent by creating their works. The current article is based on the assumption that there is a similarity and systematic relation between the thoughts of these two authors due to the political and social conditions that dominated heir societies.This is maybe the reason that Jamalzade is inspired by a great realist like Balzac.Therefore, in the current investigation which is dedicated to the similar social implications between Balzac’s Eugenie Grandet and Jamalzadeh’s Dar al-Majanin, first the effect of environment, society and cause-and-effect relations in the life realities, and the precise analysis and introduction of social types were studied and then the hidden characteristics of realistic heroes, and social realities such as the tragedy of capitalism and its impacts on the body of a society were evaluated. Finally, the trivialized role of women in traditional societies of Iran and France which is reflected in the above-mentioned literatures was analyzed and studied Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IMAGE OF WOMEN IN THE POETRY OF JAMIL SEDQI ZAHAWI AND MALEK AL-SHORA BAHAR
Hedieh Ghassemifar Fatemeh ghaderiWomen and their status is among the most important issues the poets of past and present have paid attention to. This elegant creature has been able to develop and improve in the history in the way that she deserves in spite of all the hardships and adversities MoreWomen and their status is among the most important issues the poets of past and present have paid attention to. This elegant creature has been able to develop and improve in the history in the way that she deserves in spite of all the hardships and adversities. Jamil Sedqi Zahawi the Iraqi poet and Malek Al-Shora Bahar the Iranian poet have paid attention to this fact in their works and have helped women through their free and conscious way of thinking. The present article studies the role and status of women in the 19th and 29th century Iraq and during the Qajar and Pahlavi Period in Iran and brings examples of their poetry. The article finally concludes that both poets have similar points of view although there are some minor differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Themes of social love in poems of Ahmad Shamloo and NizarQabbani
Sohayla Salahi Moghadam Marziye Asghar Nejad FaridLyric poetry in contemporary literature has changed. “Woman” has changed from aesthetic subject to an active persona and in the literature field; we can see the effects of this activity and creativity. With contrastive literature as a branch of comparative l MoreLyric poetry in contemporary literature has changed. “Woman” has changed from aesthetic subject to an active persona and in the literature field; we can see the effects of this activity and creativity. With contrastive literature as a branch of comparative literature, we study the common subjects in global literature which there are not composed or written by effect from each other, but they are the result of same situations and approaches. In this article, ten common concepts for description “woman” in Nizar Qabbani, Arab contemporary poet, and poems of Ahmad Shamlou, Iranian contemporary poet, are studied. In some poetic periods of these poets, both, lyric and social and poetical issues mixed together and “love” is seen in a specific balance. There are two basic approaches in the poetry of both poets, in first approach bands the poet heat and verve of challenge and social concern. In second approach, “love” gives poet hope for challeng. Beloved in the shape of a prophet and a perfect “woman” is the source of beauty and goodness in the poet’s world and celebrates the days of victory with poet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - A Comparative Study of Feminist Perspectives in the Novels of Salhaye Abri and Mesle Ab Baraye Shokolat
Neda Morad Amir Hamzeh Hassanvand Hoda MashhadizadehComparative literature is a field of literary research in which the works of two or more authors from two different languages and nationalities are compared with each other. In the meantime, writers influence each other in their illustrations, the way of expressing th MoreComparative literature is a field of literary research in which the works of two or more authors from two different languages and nationalities are compared with each other. In the meantime, writers influence each other in their illustrations, the way of expressing their emotions, the choice of formats and themes, and the translations. In this article, feminist perspectives in the novel "Salhaye Abri" by Parinoosh Saniei and "Mesle Ab Baraye Shokolat" by Laura Squiol are read from a feminist perspective in an introduction and two discourses, using a descriptive-analytical method with example. The study and analysis of the feminist perspectives of these two novels shows that the attempt to identify and represent the oppression of women and their lost rights in the patriarchal system has been a common feature of these two works. The authors of both novels have expressed the status of women with common themes and subjects. They narrate the vision of the feminist view that patriarchy has infiltrated the minds and languages of societies, and that one way to clear this mentality is to bow down and honor women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Comparative Study of Attar’s “Virtuous Woman” and Boccaccio’s “Thousand and One Night”
Mahboubeh Moslemi ZadehThe present article studies two stories comparatively: “Virtuous Woman” of Attar’s Elahi Nameh – the attempts of a woman who was accused to disloyalty to be honorable and virtuous; thus she was inevitable to move away and became answered invitati MoreThe present article studies two stories comparatively: “Virtuous Woman” of Attar’s Elahi Nameh – the attempts of a woman who was accused to disloyalty to be honorable and virtuous; thus she was inevitable to move away and became answered invitation against the adversity – “thousand and one night” by Boccaccion is a novel about a princess who faces events and accidents during the travel to his husband – Morocco’s king – and had to accept some requests. The aim of this paper is to study two stories – which are from different nations – similarities, the number of events, the travels’ goal, stories’ characters, time, place and the narrators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - A View of Women’s Position in the Poetry of Nizar Qabbani & Forough Farrokhzad
Abdolreza Attash Elahe PeyseparFrom the dawn of history in all human communities, women have been regard as men’s partners. A great deal of every man’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions concerns and addresses women. In all eras of Arabic and Persian literature, some reflection and portrait MoreFrom the dawn of history in all human communities, women have been regard as men’s partners. A great deal of every man’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions concerns and addresses women. In all eras of Arabic and Persian literature, some reflection and portrait of women in either verse or prose is noticeable. The current article studies women’s position in contemporary Arabic and Persian poetry by inspecting the poems of such an influentialArab poet as Nizar Qabbani otherwise known as the poet of women. On the other hand, as part of the comparative scheme of the study the researchers study Forough Farrokhzad, the most influential female poet in contemporary Persian poetry. Thus each poet is studied for their original and peculiar literary expressions, and fresh view of women’s rights and social position in their respective and not so apart cultures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - A Comparative Study of the Necessity of the Education of Women in Qasim Amin Mesri’s and Parvin Etesami’s Views
Fatemeh Moradi Reza SamizadehParvin Etesami is one of the prominent and celebrated contemporary Iranian poetesses who enjoys a prominent place, particularly by dealing with certain issues such as women education throughout her poetry. Under the influence of her father Yusuf Etesam al-Mulk and his w MoreParvin Etesami is one of the prominent and celebrated contemporary Iranian poetesses who enjoys a prominent place, particularly by dealing with certain issues such as women education throughout her poetry. Under the influence of her father Yusuf Etesam al-Mulk and his works, as translated from different languages, she successfully advanced her development and flourished in this field. Yusuf Etesam al-Mulk translated some books from Arabic into Persian including, namely, Qasim Amin Mesri's book entitled Tahrir al-Mar’a on freedom and women education, to be partly published in Iran under the title of Tarbiyate Niswan (Women Education). This paper is an attempt to explore Qasim Amin Mesri's ideas on the education of women and the effect on Parvin Etesami’s poems and views, therefore by studying their lives, works, and comparing their views the authors seek to make clear whether she was under his influence in her poetry or not, and if yes, determine to what extent she has received influence. Moreover, in this paper their approaches towards the necessity of educating women and Parvin's particular attitude towards the capabilities of Iranian women without imitating Western women has been treated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Comparative Study on Forugh Farrokhzad and Nazik al-Malaika's Thoughts Manifestation
Farideh Salamat Nia Saeid Kheirkhah BarzakiThe present paper attempts to answer a main question: what are the similarities and differences between Forugh Farrokhzad and Nazik al-Malaika's thoughts in analytical and librarian method. Forugh is known as an absolute representative of feministic poetry in Iran and N MoreThe present paper attempts to answer a main question: what are the similarities and differences between Forugh Farrokhzad and Nazik al-Malaika's thoughts in analytical and librarian method. Forugh is known as an absolute representative of feministic poetry in Iran and Nazik al-Malaika also is known as the founder of modern poetry in Arabic literature and especially feministic literature. Additionally to feminine language and emotion, the most important feature of Forugh and Nazik al-Malaika's poetry is the echo of the period of their living which fight against poverty, anti – colonialism, appreciation, manophobia, animism, idealism and etc. could be felt a lot. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - The Comparison of Woman Place in Samnameh and Iliad
seyyed mohsen sajedi rad keyhan kohandelAbstract Woman and her personality has been the matter that attracted writers and poets’ attention, so that her beauty has been sometimes described with agreeable verses and sometimes reproached by undesirable statements. Unfortunately, our past verse and prose li MoreAbstract Woman and her personality has been the matter that attracted writers and poets’ attention, so that her beauty has been sometimes described with agreeable verses and sometimes reproached by undesirable statements. Unfortunately, our past verse and prose literature considered woman pessimistically with the effect of current atmosphere. Khajouy-e-kermani, the famous poet of the eighth century and Homer who was the beginner of the west epic poem talked about woman in their poems, sometimes both of them reproached her and sometimes praised her. Although the comparison of woman's personality in Iliad and Samnameh faces some difficulties due to the differences among cultures, these two valuable works have considered woman lower than man and these two poets unkindly behaved other woman except Helen. This article has investigated the place of woman in Iliad and Samnameh and discusses the differences and common points between these two poets by reasoning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Woman: Khaqani, John Donne
Seyyedeh Anahit Kazzazi Parisa SadeqiThe comparative literature is one of the literature branches which enables us to perceive the similarities between intelligentsia and literati despite of the time and place differences among cultures and nations. Thus we were persuaded to compare Khaqani Shirvani &ndas MoreThe comparative literature is one of the literature branches which enables us to perceive the similarities between intelligentsia and literati despite of the time and place differences among cultures and nations. Thus we were persuaded to compare Khaqani Shirvani – Iranian poet –and John Donne – English poet – from two different countries with two different cultures. Some similarities could be observed in their looks to women despite of the time and place distances. The present article tries to survey two remarkable panegyrics on the ideal woman by allusions to some of their poems. The commonalities in their views have formed the basis of the present article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Investigating the Sustainability Effects in Palestinian and Algerian Women's Poems
Mina Sadat Amir Aftabi Amineh SoleimaniPalestine's issue is known as the tragedy of today's world undoubtedly is now considered as one of the most important subjects in international meetings and governmental organizations. In addition, the Algerian colonization by the French and their crimes against th MorePalestine's issue is known as the tragedy of today's world undoubtedly is now considered as one of the most important subjects in international meetings and governmental organizations. In addition, the Algerian colonization by the French and their crimes against the Algerians and their liberation revolution have been widely reflected in the two nations' literature. Women, as a part of society, were also influenced by its political, social and cultural developments, and played their part with all their might. Therefore, in this research, the poetry of Palestinian and Algerian women during the resistance has been studied by descriptive – analytical method and concepts as patriotism, call to fight, accusation of leaders and blaming Balfour Declaration on their poetries are surveyed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Content Analysis of Common Themes and Factors in Jarir and Akhtal’s Breaches
Hamid Motavallizadeh Naeini Reza Afkhami Aqda Rahmat alah Heidari ManeshBreaches are among the most important poetic texts in the Umayyad period in Shamat. In a book titled, "Breaches of Jirir and Al-Akhtal", Abu Muhammad has been collecting the narrations of these two poets, and Al-Ab Antoan Salehani Aliasuee has described it in recent dec MoreBreaches are among the most important poetic texts in the Umayyad period in Shamat. In a book titled, "Breaches of Jirir and Al-Akhtal", Abu Muhammad has been collecting the narrations of these two poets, and Al-Ab Antoan Salehani Aliasuee has described it in recent decades. Jarir’s and Akhtal’s Naqaez have taken advantage of some main themes. Some of these themes are more highlighted and some of them are less paid attention to, but in all of them Breaches have been applied.This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the content of common elements and themes in the poetry of Jarir and Akhtal, and by analytical-descriptive method, by investigating over 840 couplets in the form of 200 odes, it has been found that tribal prejudices, descent and lineage, Ayyam Al Aarab(Arab Days) ,politics, woman and religion are among the most important and fundamental ideas in Breaches of Jarir and Akhtal that are considered by both poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Comparative Study on Virtual Love in Hossein Monzavi and Nizar Qabbani's Poetries
Javad Kaboutari Ozra Mosaei Fatemeh Ka'ab AslLove is one of the most frequent and popular categories in the field of human interests and feelings especially in the realm of human's written language. Everyone composes love by his assumption by his own emotions. Although love is viewed from two true and v MoreLove is one of the most frequent and popular categories in the field of human interests and feelings especially in the realm of human's written language. Everyone composes love by his assumption by his own emotions. Although love is viewed from two true and virtual perspectives and virtual love is seen only in the worldly love, sometimes true love is manifested in the body of the worldly lover such as love of child to mother or vice versa. Virtual love is not limited to worldly and beautiful beloved but extends to deeper issues such as loving freedom, homeland, children and so on. Nizar Qabbani's and Monzavi were stylistic romantic poets who could link classical literature to contemporary one. Both poets seek to create a new language for expressing love and consider love sacred. Nizar Qabbani's viewpoint of women is closely related to politics, homeland and freedom and tries to raise women's humanistic values. The woman does not have a specific evidence in his poetries and he means the general Arab women, but in the Monzavi poetries a specific woman is mentioned. Both know Mother as the spirit of their poems and have composed beautiful poems describing mothers, fathers, spouses and children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Comparative Survey on Feminism in Savušun and Love in the Kingdom of Oil Novels
Ibrahim Namdari Arash Mohammadi Seyyed Mostafa Ahmad PanahFeminism is the school of defending women’s rights. First wave was between 1830 – 1920 which the achievement was voting right for women in 1918 in England and in 1920 in United States of America. Women asked for changes in many conditions such as dress type, MoreFeminism is the school of defending women’s rights. First wave was between 1830 – 1920 which the achievement was voting right for women in 1918 in England and in 1920 in United States of America. Women asked for changes in many conditions such as dress type, individual rights, political rights – like voting right, families, marriage and religion. The most important demand amongst above was to achieve the rights and privileges which were available for men as well as freeing from structures and traditions limited them (women). Women in Iran and Egypt also have defended their rights; Simin Daneshvar is the first Iranian female writer who expressed feminism in her novel called “Savušun” well. Nawal El Saadawi – Egyptian female author who were prisoned for years also studied the abovementioned subject; her most important work is titled “Love in the kingdom of oil”. This paper surveys feminism similarities and sign in two novels comparatively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The Role and Status of Women in Islamophobia with an Approach to Imam Khomeini's Viewpoint
Zahra Alizadeh Mina Sadat Tabatabaei A’zam E’temadifardIslamophobia is a phenomenon that is taking place in various political, social and cultural fields and women are now being used by Western powers as a tool to spread Islamophobia, as the issue of women is one of the most important and strategic issues of all societies.& MoreIslamophobia is a phenomenon that is taking place in various political, social and cultural fields and women are now being used by Western powers as a tool to spread Islamophobia, as the issue of women is one of the most important and strategic issues of all societies. This issue has long existed in societies among thinkers and in the various morals and habits of nations. The widespread and heavy wave of media ads has always been based on the fact that Muslim women are under the most severe pressure and do not enjoy any of their legal and religious freedoms. In contrast, non-Muslim women enjoy gender justice and own freedoms and rights equal to men and are rapidly making progress. This study initially tries to provide a comprehensive definition of Islamophobia and then surveys the rights of Muslim women, discriminatory behavior against women and the reflection of Muslim women in Hollywood cinema; and finally Qur'anic strategies to deal with this phenomenon are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - A Comparative Study of the Common Themes of Women in Ghada Al-Saman and Parvin Etesami's poetries
Saeedeh Mirhaghjoo Langroudi Fatemeh Ali Nejad ChamazaktiGhada Al-Saman is a Syrian contemporary poet that wife, love, discrimination and anti-prejudice are the main themes of most of his poems. He is best known around the world as a writer. Parvin Etesami is an Iranian poet whose poems express love for humanity, freedom, soc MoreGhada Al-Saman is a Syrian contemporary poet that wife, love, discrimination and anti-prejudice are the main themes of most of his poems. He is best known around the world as a writer. Parvin Etesami is an Iranian poet whose poems express love for humanity, freedom, social justice, science, art and love for the deprived and suffering strata of society. This study examines the biographies and poems of two women poets and enumerates the similarities and differences in themes and concludes how two poets in two close periods of time can be so similar and through the lens of emotion of these two women look at the world and the issues in it, and achieve the new and innovative ideas in the adaptation between Persian and Arabic literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Comparative reading of feminine themes in the poetry of Nabileh Al-Khatib and Forough Farrokhzad
Tayebeh Sadat Javanian Sadegh Ebrahimi Kavari Sahad JadariFeminine literature, despite the history of Arabic and Persian literature, due to social and cultural barriers as a context for expressing feminine thoughts and expressing its problems has not had much crystallization in the Arab lands and Iran. After the social and pol MoreFeminine literature, despite the history of Arabic and Persian literature, due to social and cultural barriers as a context for expressing feminine thoughts and expressing its problems has not had much crystallization in the Arab lands and Iran. After the social and political developments in the Arab countries and the Constitutional Revolution in Iran, feminine poetry achieved a significant crystallization and somehow introduced the idea of women poets and their worldview. This research has tried to analyze the poetic themes of two Persian and Arabic poets, Forough Farrokhzad and Nabila Al-Khatib, a Jordanian poet in terms of poetic content and expression of women's ideas. The poems of these two poets contain women's issues. At a glance, the works of these two poets show that women's ideas are related to rejecting the constraints and cumbersome personal and social traditions of women's lives, especially in the East, and also include issues such as love, motherhood, and so on. Both poets have tried to rely on poetry, the expressive larynx to mature the presence of women and her social and cultural identity, given that poetry both because of feminine indicators in a positive way of their social and cultural identity as women and it represents its unique literary style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Critisizing and examining the translation and interpretation of the verse Nashuz relying on the word "Zarb"
Majid Khazaei Mohammad Karaminia Reza Ramezani Ebrahim Salehi Hajiabad Paying attention to the meanings and evolution of some words and researching in such cases leads to providing a correct understanding of religious texts. Among these cases, we can mention the meaning of "Azar Buhen" in the verse of Nashuz. Many translators and com More Paying attention to the meanings and evolution of some words and researching in such cases leads to providing a correct understanding of religious texts. Among these cases, we can mention the meaning of "Azar Buhen" in the verse of Nashuz. Many translators and commentators of the Qur'an have translated and interpreted Zarb here as meaning "beating and corporal punishment", while dictionaries do not mention the meaning of "beating" or "beating" is one of the sub-meanings of "Zarb". In the Holy Qur'an, the word "Zarb" and its derivatives are used in different meanings, and in the narrations from the Prophet of Islam (PBUH), "Zarb" is used to mean non-"beating", and some followers, such as Ata considered the meaning of anger to women from "Zarb" in the verse of Nashuz, and also the many narrations that have been narrated from the Prophet of Islam about the prohibition of beating women, all of which indicate that Zarb in the verse of Nashuz has a different meaning than what translators and commentators have considered. Therefore, it can be said that "Azar Buhen" does not necessarily mean physical beating, but is a kind of treatment of vulgar women. Manuscript profile -
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169 - A study of the various sayings of Islamic commentators and thinkers about verse 3 of Surah Nisa in the Qur'an
ali matouri Mohammad Javad Sami Alireza KhanshaSome Islamic thinkers consider the existence of polygamy laws in Islamic jurisprudence as the reason for the absolute permission of polygamy in Islamic law, but as we have said, Islam is a comprehensive religion of conditions and has a law for all different situations ( MoreSome Islamic thinkers consider the existence of polygamy laws in Islamic jurisprudence as the reason for the absolute permission of polygamy in Islamic law, but as we have said, Islam is a comprehensive religion of conditions and has a law for all different situations (normal and urgency, etc.). Most of the later scholars and most of the current authorities have also issued fatwas on the non-acceptance and permissibility of polygamy and some have even emphasized its abomination due to the harms caused by it. Also, the Islamic government can impose restrictions and conditions or restrictions in this regard based on social interests as a secondary rule, as seen in the civil law of the Iranian family and some countries. In this study, the library method has been compared and applied by inferential analytical method between different points of view and the results show that the permissibility of polygamy in Islam depends on special social conditions and that Islam did not invent the law of polygamy but limited it and signed a treaty, the head of which is justice. Manuscript profile -
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170 - A Comparative Study of Women's Rights in Divine Religions
Vali Allah Safari Mohammad Reza Ayati Asghar ArabianA Comparative Study of Women's Rights in Divine ReligionsAbstractWomen's rights and their positions in the divine religions, especially in their books, have always been disputed and faced with different comments. A descriptive-analytical study of the contents of divine MoreA Comparative Study of Women's Rights in Divine ReligionsAbstractWomen's rights and their positions in the divine religions, especially in their books, have always been disputed and faced with different comments. A descriptive-analytical study of the contents of divine books shows that, for example, in psalms one can’t find especial regulations in this regard. Although, in the old testament, the creation of woman follows the creation of man, but, in the new testament, this point of view has been turned into a more modified form. Quran, in general, considered the creation of the two coming from a single spirit. Quran and the old testament both assign divorce and polygamy rights to men. While, the rights of social, religious, and political activities for women are in common between Quran and the new testament. Also, the prohibition of having an instrumental look towards women is the most important common point in the three abovementioned divine religious books.Keywords: Bible, Torah, Women's Rights, the Old Testament, the New Testament, Quran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Feminism; Positive or negative principles in the Holy Quran
Mohammad Ali Razeghi Morteza Barati Davood Dadashi NejadFeminism is a movement against the maximum domination of men in society. Women's rights activists (feminists) believe that gender in human life should not be a determining factor for their social, political and economic status, because they believe that men and women sh MoreFeminism is a movement against the maximum domination of men in society. Women's rights activists (feminists) believe that gender in human life should not be a determining factor for their social, political and economic status, because they believe that men and women should have equal rights in various fields and believe in gender equality. This study seeks to find the extent to which the Holy Qur'an and Islamic beliefs believe in the beliefs of feminism. In Islamic teachings, we see that the religion of Islam has infinitely valued the status of women, but this does not mean the absolute acceptance of equality and the ideas of feminism. The author in this article after bringing Islamic principles related to women's rights and its critique and study concludes that Islam seeks "deserving justice" instead of the "equality" that forms the basis of feminist thought, in order to teach her the fundamental duties of a woman and believes that; Achieving this justice leads to the happiness of the family and ultimately society. Manuscript profile -
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172 - A study of Women’s Altruism Relationship with Some Quran Verses
Mitra Poursina Shahla RahmaniThe present article intends to study some of the Quran verses which are about women. The assumption of the paper is that the altruism is stronger in women rather than selfishness. This feeling makes them to have more capabilities, abilities as well some deficiencies. Th MoreThe present article intends to study some of the Quran verses which are about women. The assumption of the paper is that the altruism is stronger in women rather than selfishness. This feeling makes them to have more capabilities, abilities as well some deficiencies. The present article presents some psychological interpretations by applying Quran verses to prove its claims in the field of Quran and women. The appropriate attitude to the differences causes appropriate egoism and self-knowledge in order to strengthen the strong points and decrease the weak points. Manuscript profile -
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173 - Feminism and its effect on the interpretations of conflicting verses between men and women
Fatemeh Shah Koohi Ebrahim Fallah Arastu MiraniThe effect of gender on the understanding of texts is one of the issues that have been proposed in recent decades in the field of understanding religious texts. By the advent of feminist science, this theory has even advanced to the female reading of religious and Islam MoreThe effect of gender on the understanding of texts is one of the issues that have been proposed in recent decades in the field of understanding religious texts. By the advent of feminist science, this theory has even advanced to the female reading of religious and Islamic texts. The purpose of this study is to depict the status and social personality of women in the interpretations of conflicting verses between men and women in the Holy Quran, a subject that led to accusations, especially in Western societies, to the religion of Islam to remove the doubts by explaining and combining the customary between the narrations seemingly contradictory related to women and distinguishing the correct hadiths from Saqim. In this research, it has been tried with descriptive-analytical and library method of concepts of interpretations with rational-ijtihad approach, from the third century to the fifteenth century under these conflicting verses and from the point of view of feminist commentators, the impact of this trend of thought on interpreters' interpretive works in interpretations of conflicting verses between men and women to be studied. Manuscript profile -
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174 - Behavioral Barriers to Women's Marriage from Qur'an and Traditions’ Viewpoint
Hossein Rahmani TirkkalaiMarriage – as a divine tradition in the world – would lead to the perfection and growth of both men and women, and women play a pivotal role in accomplishing the effects of marriage as the pole of this sacred issue. However, there are moral obstacles in MoreMarriage – as a divine tradition in the world – would lead to the perfection and growth of both men and women, and women play a pivotal role in accomplishing the effects of marriage as the pole of this sacred issue. However, there are moral obstacles in the way of marriage that women are experiencing especially in the present era; these harms would prevent the formation of the necessary conditions for marriage. These barriers are sometimes rooted in women's thoughts and sometimes in their actions and families have more or less foment them with their behaviors. This research seeks to explain these moral barriers with a descriptive – analytical method and the author has finally concluded that women's marriage has various obstacles, the most important of which are moral ones and declining them may cause delays and effects in girls' marriage and as a result, increase the age of marriage and social problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The place of women in the family from Pols and Qoranic view point
Delara Nemati Pir Ali Raheleh KardovaniAbstract The religious sources and texts are the most important factors of determining human,s outlook.motivation and action about different subjects.And the holy book as a religious text and authentic reference has been the source of drawing out eliciting different in MoreAbstract The religious sources and texts are the most important factors of determining human,s outlook.motivation and action about different subjects.And the holy book as a religious text and authentic reference has been the source of drawing out eliciting different instructions and percepts about women during the history of Christianity has determined and described their positions in different fields in the life, Pols.s letters.as the most important feature in the formation of the current Christianity.form a considerable part in the new Testament and in his instructions.he owes the instructions of the old Testament and particularly the journey of Pentateuch arising. the instructions of this part of Pentateuch is the origin of eliciting special percepts in the field of women matters by Pols which have had some instructions and privations that the holy Qoran never verity them during the history of Christianity. Manuscript profile -
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176 - The factors and grounds of women's being unveiled in the Islamic thought
Majid VaziriThis text is going to examine the factors and grounds of women's being unveiled in the Islamic thought which considers internal and personality factors such as lack of identity and purpose in life, low confidence, inferiority, lack of emotion, disappointment from the fu MoreThis text is going to examine the factors and grounds of women's being unveiled in the Islamic thought which considers internal and personality factors such as lack of identity and purpose in life, low confidence, inferiority, lack of emotion, disappointment from the future and external and social factors such as central rights, families' not being bound to the religious values, family chaos and unemployment If moral and rational standards in being veiled and relation with a stranger are not observed in the social relations, the security of the society will be seriously in danger. Manuscript profile -
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177 - Challenges of Obedience to the Husband and Egression Strategies in Verses and Hadiths
Seyyed Ziaoddin Olyanasab Ali FarzinThe present article has explained the obstacles and challenges of women's obedience to their husbands and ways to overcome these challenges based on verses and hadiths. Since adjusting the lifestyle according to the Islamic lifestyle leads to happiness in this world and MoreThe present article has explained the obstacles and challenges of women's obedience to their husbands and ways to overcome these challenges based on verses and hadiths. Since adjusting the lifestyle according to the Islamic lifestyle leads to happiness in this world and the hereafter, this research is very important by using the lifestyle of the Ahl al-Bayt and their lives regarding the challenges of obedience to the husband. The purpose of this study is to find solutions to treat the challenges and differences of cohabitation. The need to revive the tradition and manners of the Ahl al-Bayt in families makes this research necessary. This research, which is done with a descriptive – analytical method, finally came to the conclusion that the Qur'an and the Ahl al-Bayt have various strategies to get out of it, such as love and obedience and meeting sexual needs, paying attention to the reward of obedience and the result of disobedience to the husband, providing insight into the rights of couples, negligence of couples towards each other's weaknesses, good suspicion, choosing a worthy spouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Analysis and Criticize of Dr. Soha’s Theory on Doubt of Discrimination of Women in Understanding Verse 32 of Nisa Surah
Hasan Khalili Sadra Alipoor Reza Mirzaee Maleki Yousef Moqaddasithe word "discrimination" has always been considered by groups of people in society, the feelings of discriminators have struggled with discrimination and inequality in various ways. The issue of gender discrimination has been a focus of concern in the past and has inte Morethe word "discrimination" has always been considered by groups of people in society, the feelings of discriminators have struggled with discrimination and inequality in various ways. The issue of gender discrimination has been a focus of concern in the past and has intensified with the growth of feminist schools over the past decades. In the past few years, a person nicknamed Dr. Soha, by writing the book "Critique of the Qur'an" and publishing it in real and virtual websites, has created suspicions that all kinds of discrimination, including discrimination against women, are allowed in the Qur'an. The focus of this article is the Qur'anic response to the "suspicion of discrimination against women" which Soha attributed to the Qur'an based on verse 32 of Nisa Surah. This article, which uses the method of content analysis and organized library studies, while responding to this suspicion, has concluded that the suspicions created by Soha, has fundamental forms and the verses of the Qur'an have fought against all forms of discrimination and injustice and explained just programs for humanity, especially in social and family relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - The Quality of Women’s Hijab based on Verses and Hadiths
Hossein Rahmani TirkolaeeWomen in the Dark Age lacked the necessary human dignity, and the degrading or instrumental view of them made them a commodity for the pursuit of greater interests. With the advent of Islam, a wide range of rulings were placed in order to restore the dignity of women, t MoreWomen in the Dark Age lacked the necessary human dignity, and the degrading or instrumental view of them made them a commodity for the pursuit of greater interests. With the advent of Islam, a wide range of rulings were placed in order to restore the dignity of women, the most important of which was the issue of hijab. Proper culture-building of this issue in society requires a correct and comprehensive understanding of this issue, which has forced the author to explain the quality of women's hijab in this study. This study includes the analysis of women's adornment, the quality of their clothing and the quality of looking at them, and the author has concluded that God has bequeathed beauties in women that expressing them in front of foreign eyes has caused widespread corruption in the individual and social fields. For this reason, the Verses and hadiths have explained the quality of women's clothing in terms of the mission of femininity and the quality of looking at them in terms of the mission of masculinity in order to achieve this important goal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - A Comparative Study of the Social Image of Women in Jami's Poems and Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s Poets
Roqiyeh Khoddami Mahnaz Ramezani Zohreh SarmadThe Timurid period is a period in the history of Iran in which women do not have a favorable position. Jami, one of the prominent poets of this century in Haft Aurang, has a dual and often negative approach to women in referring to the women of his Masnavi; In contrast, MoreThe Timurid period is a period in the history of Iran in which women do not have a favorable position. Jami, one of the prominent poets of this century in Haft Aurang, has a dual and often negative approach to women in referring to the women of his Masnavi; In contrast, the situation has changed during the constitutional period. In the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poets, this change of attitude and improvement of the position of women can be clearly seen. This can be related both to the political and social conditions of the poet's age and to his personal view of women. Analytical-descriptive study shows that Jami in Leili and Majnoon presents a positive image of female characteristics such as beauty, loyalty, intellect, etc. introduced as a liar and lustful. This dual approach is also observed in the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poetries, with the difference that a positive attitude towards women is more prominent. Woman is not only mentioned as a mistress, but also the rationality, personality and humanity of women In Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Patriotism and women in the Palestinian Struggle in the poetry of Abu Salma
shahreyar hemmati behnam bagheri hadi jahedعبد الکریم الکرمی الملقب بأبی سلمی شاعر فلسطینی رائع فی الأدب العربی المعاصر، وهو یعشق جمال المرأة ویتغنی بوصفه حسب الوصفات الممیزة ونظرته الجمالیة المتّسمة. یمتزج الحب فی شعره امتزاجاً کلیاً بین الهجر والوصال وبین الواقع والخیال. فی هذه الدراسة؛ نتابع النواحی الجمالیة Moreعبد الکریم الکرمی الملقب بأبی سلمی شاعر فلسطینی رائع فی الأدب العربی المعاصر، وهو یعشق جمال المرأة ویتغنی بوصفه حسب الوصفات الممیزة ونظرته الجمالیة المتّسمة. یمتزج الحب فی شعره امتزاجاً کلیاً بین الهجر والوصال وبین الواقع والخیال. فی هذه الدراسة؛ نتابع النواحی الجمالیة فی المرأة ونقف موقف توصیفاته فی کل حرف من الحروف الدالة علی الأنوثة بعاطفة مشبعة صادقة، ونعالج التداخل المتجاوب بین الحب والوطنیة فی خطابه الشعری. کل تلک الأوصاف یندمج ضمن الإطار الرومانتیکی وهو هائم مع الأحلام یتغزل، بید أنه کان یعیش فی فلسطین وتأثّر من حوادث النکبة وبعد النکبة الفلسطینیّة، تأخذ أشعاره أبعاداً جدیدة ویمتزج حبه للمرأة بحب الوطن فی مجال النضال، فنجد فی شعره مزیجاً من العاطفة والکفاح الوطنی الفلسطینی ولهذا تصبح المرأة فی رویته رفیقة کفاح ونضال. وقد تبین من خلال الدراسة أنّ الشاعر یمزج فی نفسه عشق الحبیبة والوطن فی آن واحد، ویجعل المرأة معادلاً موضوعیاً للوطن. فأخذت المرأة عند أبی سلمی، عمقاً إیحائیاً مؤثراً بما تتضمن تجسید العلاقة الثنائیة بینها وبین الوطن، فتبدو العلاقة نوعاً من حالات العشق تتوحد خلالها الذات بالوطن. Manuscript profile -
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182 - A comparative study of the image of women in Khamsa Nizami and Ahmed Shawqi based on Phyllis Chesler’s theory
mina salari seyed aliakbar shariatifar abolghasem amirahmadiIn this article, a comparative study of the female image in Khamsa Nizami and Ahmed Shoghi's poems is done based on Phyllis Chesler's theory. The type of research is analytical-descriptive and its method is library. The results of the research show that there MoreIn this article, a comparative study of the female image in Khamsa Nizami and Ahmed Shoghi's poems is done based on Phyllis Chesler's theory. The type of research is analytical-descriptive and its method is library. The results of the research show that there are significant similarities in terms of the classification of women and some of their personality traits in the military style of thought and Ahmed Shoghi's point of view; Of course, this does not mean that the views of Nizami and Shoghi are completely similar, and they have completely different views in some fields. Ahmad Shoghi is a traditional poet who has not been freed from the shackles of traditionalism and has not taken steps that are very different from his predecessors. He pays attention to the external features of women and describes them following the example of ancient poets, but in his plays, when he talks about women and love, he seems like a poet in love. In this type of poetry, the poet is freed from the constraints imposed by the social situation, so it expresses sincere and sensitive feelings. In the introduction of women, Nizami introduces women with chastity and modesty, the profession in love making; Wisdom is a distinctive feature of women in love in Khumsa. A decent quality that Shoghi's desired women are miles away from. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - The Characteristics of Arabic Immigrant woman in “Broclyne Heighs” of Miral Tahavi
Abdolahad Gheibi Amer Moghaddam Mottaghi Jafar Amshasfand Roya BadakhshanMiral Al-Tahavi is one of the Egyptian contemperory writers tries to depict the pains and problems of women in Egyptian society and the conditions of Egyptian people. So, women are the most important characters in her novels. By reviewing her novels, she can be called t MoreMiral Al-Tahavi is one of the Egyptian contemperory writers tries to depict the pains and problems of women in Egyptian society and the conditions of Egyptian people. So, women are the most important characters in her novels. By reviewing her novels, she can be called the voice of Egytian women`s Literature. She is a novelist who has a great tendency to study the place of women in society. Genrally, she chooses women as the heroines of her novels, and by focusing on feminine characters, tries to make them woman-oriented. “Broclyne Heights” is one of the novels of this eminet Egyptian novelst that could partly fulfill her purpose in describing the pains and sufferings of women. The alienation and Loneliness of Arab immigrant women is one of the most important themes of this novel; women who have experienced the problems of life in exile and want to overcome them as the narrator of narration. This article, which looks for ProclainHaites' theory, is based on a descriptive and descriptive approach that shows that the image of Arab immigrant women is a sad and turbulent picture. The woman who left her country looking for a good and quiet life but found these calamities and problems in new form in the strange country. The fact is that diaspora is not a virtuous city as some people think and present many challenges in the lives of migrants to foreign countries from traditional beliefs to the behavior of host society. T Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - The Effects of Social issues in Ma'ruf Rosafi's Poetry
Hossein Shamsabadi Asghar Moulavi Nafchi, Gholamreza GolchinradAbstract A poet, author, statesman, and eminent social figure under the Ottoman Empire, Ma'ruf Rosafi, lived in a period when ignorance, poverty, and disease had overshadowed the country. Obviously, literature in late 19th century and early 20th century witnessed a ris MoreAbstract A poet, author, statesman, and eminent social figure under the Ottoman Empire, Ma'ruf Rosafi, lived in a period when ignorance, poverty, and disease had overshadowed the country. Obviously, literature in late 19th century and early 20th century witnessed a rise and boom which included political, social, and cultural issues. And it was poetry that could yield positive effects in the process of constructing and revolutionizing life trends and its conditions. All these factors led Rosafi and others to embark upon and develop such themes as freedom of speech, spreading knowledge, abolishing ignorance, educating women, establishing justice, and defending home against colonization Manuscript profile -
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185 - The challenge between Islam and Feminism in Arabic Contemporary Committed Fiction
Ladan Moradi Narges AnsariFeminism and the theorists of this movement have always been looking for adjudication of women's will especially via literature. They disagree men in different eras and issues and know women's success by sliding of men. This theory is of some fans and critics which Isla MoreFeminism and the theorists of this movement have always been looking for adjudication of women's will especially via literature. They disagree men in different eras and issues and know women's success by sliding of men. This theory is of some fans and critics which Islam disagrees the feminism principles and challenges it. Kholeh Qazvini – Kuwaiti committed author – is one of the writers who writes a lot of novels and fictions about women. "Zeinab Bint Al Ajavid" is one of the novels in which Qazvini studies the women's problems and difficulties in Western and Eastern countries especially Islamic countries. The present paper tries to survey feminism ideas and views especially women's social issues in the abovementioned novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Women poets in the Arab Literature
Mehdi Momtahen Shamsi Vaghefzadeh Hassan KhanjaniIn 20th century, In the order of feminist liberating, an expression comes to an existence called "female literature", that in the decade at 80th and 10th in the form at :female literature critics:" casts a shadow on Arabic literature. Even though, with the Majarity at i MoreIn 20th century, In the order of feminist liberating, an expression comes to an existence called "female literature", that in the decade at 80th and 10th in the form at :female literature critics:" casts a shadow on Arabic literature. Even though, with the Majarity at inventor and initiator women, in the field at literature, But this expression still is in doubt. And even this doubt exist is in women's writing so this is why this expression is a challenging expression among agreeing and A disagreeing. Discrepancy about this expression mostly is in this case that: Daes female literature mean that kind of literature that the females make it? Or Daes it mean that it is a kind of literature that women write that encourage the society to stand against the make wit's a kind of literature that it's subject is female. Basically there any literature called "male literature" or femle literature", or what exist is a human literature nat make or female what does this expression really mean? Feminist literature? Literary female or female literature. Manuscript profile -
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187 - Reform in Al – Rassafi’s Poetry
علی نظری یونس ولیئی سیدمرتضی طباطباییThe social – political conditions were unorganized in the late 19th and early 20th and the people of the country suffered from the poverty, unawareness and the kings’ degenerate. “Marouf Al - Rassafi” – the famous Arab poet – (1876-19 MoreThe social – political conditions were unorganized in the late 19th and early 20th and the people of the country suffered from the poverty, unawareness and the kings’ degenerate. “Marouf Al - Rassafi” – the famous Arab poet – (1876-1945) was well – known in cultural and literary fields. His poetry is about social problems such as people’s poverty, ignorance and unawareness, superstition under the religion cover, lack of democracy especially for women. He was committed to political issues and biased about the Ottoman’s corruption and Britain’s occupation and tried to aware people against the Britain’s goals. He invited people to peace and calmness, brotherhood and cooperation and humanity. Manuscript profile -
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188 - Comparison of Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri's Ideas with Epicure and Schopenhauer's
Narjes Tohidifar Mahdi MomtahenAbu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri – a genius in Arabic literature history – who absorbed many critics' ideas, thought and viewpoints during history. He worships wisdom and is always in battle with his instinct; that's why he owns features in his thoughts and character MoreAbu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri – a genius in Arabic literature history – who absorbed many critics' ideas, thought and viewpoints during history. He worships wisdom and is always in battle with his instinct; that's why he owns features in his thoughts and character which make him comparable to some other philosophers of other cultures. Epicure is a philosopher of ancient Greece with similarities in thinking and life style with Abu al-ʿAlaʾ al-Maʿarri. Schopenhauer is a German philosopher of 18th and 19th centuries who was one of the pioneers of contemporary west philosophy; he also owns similarities with Maʿarri. Abstaining marriage, dependency to wisdom, to be interested in isolation and tendency to loneliness are some of the similar features. The aim of the present research is to study the abovementioned similarities. Manuscript profile -
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189 - The Combination of Hometown and Woman's Kindness in Palestinian Combat in Abu Salma's Poetry
Shahriyar Hemmati Behnam Baqeri Hadi JahedAbdol Karim Al Karami – called Abu Salma – is one of the famous Palestinian poets and Arabic Contemporary avant – garde. He loves women's beauty and explains the prettiness by his own method. The poet combines kindness between consummation and separati MoreAbdol Karim Al Karami – called Abu Salma – is one of the famous Palestinian poets and Arabic Contemporary avant – garde. He loves women's beauty and explains the prettiness by his own method. The poet combines kindness between consummation and separation, reality and dream in general. The present article follows up the aesthetics aspects in women description and studies his descriptions in this regard. All these descriptions and explanations gather in a romantic framework. He wanders in dreams; although lived in Palestine and was affected by the country's events his poetry is lovely with new aspects and his kindness to the hometown combines with his to the woman. A combination of affection and Palestinian combat can be seen in his poetry. The results of the present paper shows the poet expresses the care to beloved and the hometown simultaneously. Manuscript profile -
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190 - A Study of the Status of Woman in the Poetry of Bahār and Shoghi
Hasan ShavandiThere is no doubt that Bahār and Rasāfi are the pioneers of innovation in Iran and Iraq. These two poets have similarities among which is having religious ideologies in youth which was reflected in their poetry. Their ideology has become subtilized as time has MoreThere is no doubt that Bahār and Rasāfi are the pioneers of innovation in Iran and Iraq. These two poets have similarities among which is having religious ideologies in youth which was reflected in their poetry. Their ideology has become subtilized as time has passed. They have both paid attention to new subjects such as women and their related issues. The traditional look on women never loses color in the poetry of Bahār while Rasāfi does not tolerate the traditional view on women. Educating and respecting women is the most important point shared by these poets. Manuscript profile -
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191 - Manifestations of love and women in the Nizar Qabbani’s
Mohammadhadi Moradi Payam KarimiAbstract Nizar Qabbani is known among Arab poets as a poet of love and women. In fact these two words in the dictionary of Nizar go out of the framework of definitions and restrictions that make it into the department of the collector and the inhibitor. He tried hard t MoreAbstract Nizar Qabbani is known among Arab poets as a poet of love and women. In fact these two words in the dictionary of Nizar go out of the framework of definitions and restrictions that make it into the department of the collector and the inhibitor. He tried hard to find these adorable in this picturesque valley; but he did not know her way, however, may open doors to women. In the poems of our poet woman manifested in cases of multiple ways and images so that appear sometimes in the body that you may touch, and sometimes manifested in the form of beloved and sacred ideal that deserves love and adoration; The love manifested in the diverse meanings and mottos as physical joy, property, and pleasure, and over the property, and suicide, and the practice of death, and immortality, and jumping, and ... etc., so that we cannot limit Nizar’s muddledthought which is reflected in the special meaning of love; however, what we can say is that Nizar was carrying on his body the pain of society, and this is what is clearly reflected in his poems. He knocked on every door so that this issue shows, and then find solutions for it. In this research we tried to touch upon this topic in a concise and brief way. Manuscript profile -
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192 - Emergence and Development of Play in and the Reasons Arabs Have Been Hindered
Ali SaberiPlay is an ancient literary form in the history of human art which has undergone different developments. Different ears during which this human art has developed could be classified as: Greek, Roman, middle ages, classic era, romantic era and realism era. Play MorePlay is an ancient literary form in the history of human art which has undergone different developments. Different ears during which this human art has developed could be classified as: Greek, Roman, middle ages, classic era, romantic era and realism era. Play appeared with preliminary dances and music in religious ceremonies and has developed into modern plays and movies after all the mentioned eras. We are now observing it flourishing in literature and art. One could claim that no modern literature now lacks it although it is obvious that Arabic literature and art has been deprived of this fine human art because of certain social, religious and technical reasons till the contemporary time. Manuscript profile -
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193 - The Comparison of Social Consensus in the Contemporary Arab and Persian Poetry
maryam saed vaghefi elaheh razaghi parviz Lakzaeian FakoorAbstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquett MoreAbstract The high literature serve the community; and referring to the oldest ages of literature in human communities, we see that it’s an expression of a range of social and political systems prevailing in those ages, whether we followed Greek and Roman etiquette in those eras or the pre - Islamic era or the eras of enlightenment in Europe. However, the researchers argue that the relation between literature and society became close since the modern era; and that is because of the conditions in which the community lives; as the spread of the press and the demise of illiteracy and scientific movements in human societies. From this viewpoint, this article reviews the study of social opinions between the two contemporary Arab and Persian literatures concentrating on three themes:" Status of women "and "women's freedom "and" poverty"; and a comparison among the views of the two great contemporary poets, i.e. Shawqi and Bahar, has been accomplished indicating the common and different aspects in their views and mentioning their expressing method. Manuscript profile -
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194 - The Image of the Woman in Nizar Qabbani and Hossein Monzavi's Poetries
Zeineh Arfat Pour Ali MozaffariVarious poets and authors have studies the subject of woman in different eras. Woman's role is prominent in literature; hence she has played as a beloved in poets' poetries since long time ago as well as her different roles in Arabic and Persian literatures. Qabbani is MoreVarious poets and authors have studies the subject of woman in different eras. Woman's role is prominent in literature; hence she has played as a beloved in poets' poetries since long time ago as well as her different roles in Arabic and Persian literatures. Qabbani is famous for his poetries on "women" and is pioneer in this field in Arabic contemporary poetry. Monzavi – Iranian contemporary poet – who may be known as the poet of women as well because he also knows woman as the main subject in his poetries. It could be claimed that common issues in Qabbani and Monzavi are remarkable from form and concept view point. Thus this article intends to compare the image of the woman in these two poets' poetries in descriptive – analytical method. Manuscript profile -
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195 - A Study of the Artistic and Social Aspects of the homeland in Bahreini Contemporary Poetry
Samad MomeniThose who took home after social were divided into two categories: First are the ones who took the women and the home from the perspective of internal passionate, we see their interest in the home naive and emotional, and the second are those who have mad MoreThose who took home after social were divided into two categories: First are the ones who took the women and the home from the perspective of internal passionate, we see their interest in the home naive and emotional, and the second are those who have made its intellectual aspect the basis of their experiment, so, we see their interest in the home and its humanitarian issues deeper and more and they put their main interest in women and the nature, and especially made it in the service of the homeland and human; And most of their Poets got active in the field of social, religious, political, and ethical reform and worked in education, we name among them Abdollah Zayed, the owner of first newspaper in Bahrain, and Abdorrahman Moaawedah, and Ghasem Ashsharghawi, and Sayyed Razdi Almoosawi, and Molla Atdyyah Aljamry, and Mobarak Khatder, ans Alshshaykh Mansoor Ashshahabi and many other ones, and it should be noted that we count the features of their poetry experiences, including: Declamatory Style, Facts Follow-up, Quick occasions and their educational and ethical aim. This article aims to a study of the artistic and social aspects of the homeland in the poetry of the poets whom we have named above. Manuscript profile -
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196 - The reasons of women’s (body) covering or non-covering in poetry of pre-Islamic era
Seyed Heidar ShiraziThe primitive Arab People ruled women’s (body) covering as well as chastity, and the poets were honored to praise these qualities in their poems.In the present article reasons of women’s (body) covering are studied.The main reasons to be mentioned are grief MoreThe primitive Arab People ruled women’s (body) covering as well as chastity, and the poets were honored to praise these qualities in their poems.In the present article reasons of women’s (body) covering are studied.The main reasons to be mentioned are grief and sorrow, fear of captivity in wars, enthusiasm and interests and poverty. Manuscript profile -
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197 - Gender justice and Women's Employment In The Legal and Juridical Views
Seyed Doraid Mousavi Mojab Sara BashariWomen as half of human resources, could play an important role in economic growth in a way that would satisfy the needs of their families, the society can benefit from their expertise.Therefore, women should have the right to employment as one of the fundamental human r MoreWomen as half of human resources, could play an important role in economic growth in a way that would satisfy the needs of their families, the society can benefit from their expertise.Therefore, women should have the right to employment as one of the fundamental human rights without discrimination benefit. Non-discrimination can gender equality, the similarity of separatism among all the rights and duties of women and men in all domains and gender justice, the recognition of the rights and duties of the different, yet fair for women and men, according to they are meant to be natural features. In relation to employment, equal opportunities and social benefit from the redistribution of responsibilities in the context of gender justice, the spotlight is located. This article seeks to examine gender equality in the field of women's work is documentary, and in jurisprudence and legal analysis of the issue. The results show that in our society and on women's employment, equal opportunities between men and women does not exist. The legislator should seek to establish gender justice by eliminating patriarchal and gender views. the lack of differential and ambiguity penal legislation in some regulations and provisions has drawn the initiative of different views and practices that challenged the rights of working women on the basis of the standards of human rights. Manuscript profile -
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198 - A Study of Jurisprudential Viewpoints about the Religious Preference of Prohibiting a Wife from Leaving Home by Her Husband
Razieh Yaghoobi Golverdi Alireza Asgari Farajollāh HedayatniaOne of the famous jurisprudential views on women's departure from home is the religious preferance of prohibiting a wife from leaving home by her husband. With the purpose of delving deep into the above theory, the present research deals with the reasons by which some w MoreOne of the famous jurisprudential views on women's departure from home is the religious preferance of prohibiting a wife from leaving home by her husband. With the purpose of delving deep into the above theory, the present research deals with the reasons by which some well-known jurists demand the preference of ordering women to stay at home and the favorability of putting them in detention. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that drawing inferences about the obligation of staying at home from the cited verses and Rawāyāt is difficult and that the acceptance of this view, especially in the current era, would lead to cases of corruption such as Osr and Haraj (hardship) for women, allocation of majority, and contradiction with the Qur'anic command of "consorting with them in an honorable manner". Due to rational corruption and contradiction with the Qur'anic commands, some traditions which obligate putting women in detention by their husbands should be interpreted by some other aspects rather than obligation. Therefore, the command of putting women in detention at home and prohibiting them from leaving is a guiding issue and rational advice with respect to social conditions in society. Manuscript profile -
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199 - Jurisprudential Explanation of the Theme in the Third Verse of Surah al-Nesā’ and Analysis of the Disagreement over its Exact Date
Reyhaneh Emamjomeh Jafar Nekoonam Mehrdad AbbasiThe purpose of the present study is to explain the jurisprudential theme in the third verse of Surah an-Nesā’ and to review disagreements over its exact date. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results show that the approximate revelation date of MoreThe purpose of the present study is to explain the jurisprudential theme in the third verse of Surah an-Nesā’ and to review disagreements over its exact date. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results show that the approximate revelation date of the verses under study is related to after the battle of Uhod, the late third and the early fourth year of Hijrah. The subjects raised in these verses are mostly about social relations among Muslims. This type of relationship is related to the era after Hijrah and the 10-year time period during the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) prophethood. Another subject mentioned in these verses is related to the custody of widowed women and orphan children and taking care of them and that upon the marriage of those widowed women, a supporter and instructor would be provided for their children. Manuscript profile -
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200 - women and politics
Shohreh Shahsavari FardContemporary society is moving from traditional viewpoints to modern settings. The characteristic of the transitional period is the chaos evolved regarding the general state of affairs as well as both the behavioral and thought developments in a given society. Nonethele MoreContemporary society is moving from traditional viewpoints to modern settings. The characteristic of the transitional period is the chaos evolved regarding the general state of affairs as well as both the behavioral and thought developments in a given society. Nonetheless, among these developments, women have not found a deserved place in political participation. Also, they have been judged as an incomplete political entity. The current study delves into the social losses of women through a descriptive-analytical study design. It investigates the notion that females have been diverted from the social interaction network and their way towards high levels of political power structures has been made difficult based on the various reasons rooted in the traditional social and economic belief structures. In other words, the participation of women in the higher levels of different organizations suffers from social, political, cultural, traditional, and personal barriers. Although the number of women specializing in society and work force has increased, their progress in decision making in the higher levels of political power structures has not reported to be significant. At present, the number of females in power structures of the world has been decreased dramatically comparing the last years in a way that they comprise less than five percent of the total world leaders." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The Role of Women in Peace Processes in the era of Globalization; Case Study of Afghanistan
Niloofar emrani Mehdi abas zade fath abadi shahram askari hesnIn the era of globalization, the importance of women's rights, efforts regarding the role of women in peace processes have taken place in the macro and micro levels. Peace issue in Afghanistan has become important due to the changes that have been taking place in the pa MoreIn the era of globalization, the importance of women's rights, efforts regarding the role of women in peace processes have taken place in the macro and micro levels. Peace issue in Afghanistan has become important due to the changes that have been taking place in the past three decades. According to varying circumstances that affect women in different countries, and this, in turn, affects the role of women in peace processes, this research focuses on women's role in peace processes in the age of globalization. With emphasis on Afghanistan. The main question of the present research is: What have women in Afghanistan done in peace processes in this country? The study first briefly examines international measures on the role of women in peace processes, and examines the role of women in the peace process in Afghanistan later in this chapter. Findings of the research indicate that women in Afghanistan have had a different situation during different periods, and in some courses they have been deprived of many of their basic rights, This in turn has impacted on their role in the peace process. Women have been more involved in the peace process over the last few years. This research is a descriptive-analytic study and the method of data collection is through the use of library and virtual resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Presenting a Model for the Identification and Guidance of Managerial Potentials and Professional Qualifications of Women to Take Charge of Executive and Political Responsibility in Khouzestan Provincial Government
Zeinab Khodadadi Gholamhossein Barekat Sakineh ShahiThe purpose of the present study is to present a model to identify and guide managerial potentials and professional qualifications of women to take charge of executive and political responsibility in Khouzestan provincial government. The research method was mixed (quali MoreThe purpose of the present study is to present a model to identify and guide managerial potentials and professional qualifications of women to take charge of executive and political responsibility in Khouzestan provincial government. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and it had a practical purpose. The statistical population of the qualitative section included all managers in the province of Khouzestan and the sample of study was chosen purposefully to interview the participants. The statistical population of the quantitative section involved the staff in the industry and mines departments and universities in the province of Khouzestan including 454 members among whom 62 employees were chosen by random sampling. The research tool was a researcher made questionnaire based on the qualitative findings examined in terms of validity and reliability. The coding method was used for data analysis of the qualitative section and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis by SPSS was applied. According to the obtained results, 5 main components including professional knowledge, professional qualification, professional ability, professional attitude, and professional features were identified as the most important managerial potentials and qualifications of women to take charge of executive and political responsibility in Khouzestan provincial government. Furthermore, communication knowledge with average number of 21.24%, specialized knowledge with the average number of 20.58%, and self-recognition knowledge with the average number of 19.76% were reported to be as the most important managerial potentials and professional qualifications in women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Islamic Human Rights According to Ayatollah Khameni’s Viewpoints
Seyyed Sajjad IzdehiThere is no universal understanding concerning human being and various schools of thought have presented different views toward human being based on their be MoreThere is no universal understanding concerning human being and various schools of thought have presented different views toward human being based on their belief presumptions. Consequently, human rights can be studied based on the kind of the viewpoints toward human being. Although the human rights have always been clarified based on the approved principles and norms, there is no universal understanding in this regard. The materialistic schools, which have a limited background concerning the issue of the human rights in their society, try to globalize their reading of this concept, and they reproach the others who do not follow this western reading. Beyond the western view, the religion of Islam, which has a long history in considering the human rights, provides a comprehensive view based on human’s material and spiritual needs and makes appropriate recommendations to this end, which naturally differ from the western human rights. Considering the most basic components of the human rights, such as the human dignity, freedom, the right to life, the rights of women and respect for the beliefs of others, Islam has provided solutions for considering the human rights based on recognition of the human needs as stated in the religious instructions. Although, Islam has a similar reading about these elements as the western reading, it suggests different solutions for their realization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - The Study of Women’s Subjectivity in Forming Discourse of the Islamic Revolution
shahnaz karimi mehrdad navabakhsh mostafa azkiaThe present study aims to investigate how the women’s subjectivity in the formation of the Islamic revolution discourse based on Laclau and Mouffeʼs theory of discourse. A qualitative and heuristic research method is used. Sampling is based on the theoretical samp MoreThe present study aims to investigate how the women’s subjectivity in the formation of the Islamic revolution discourse based on Laclau and Mouffeʼs theory of discourse. A qualitative and heuristic research method is used. Sampling is based on the theoretical sampling method. The results show that women in the discourse of the Islamic revolution played a strategic and creative role and used various methods to fight. In the subjectivity position, a high degree of correlation is formed among women with different thoughts, attitudes, and social origins. In this situation, women avoid the present conditions and the values governing them and establish an ideal status under the discourse of Islamic revolution. Part of women's subjectivity in the revolutionary fight is related to the revolutionary status of society. One of the most noticeable examples of women active in establishing new discourse is correlated to the development of Hijab among women. The new identity for women not completely different from what was defined before but also it is rethinking and revising about the modern and traditional discourse that is presented based on the new indices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - The Woman and her Social Position in the Field of Family and Society (Based on Zoya Pirzad's Works)
Solmaz Pourtaghimiuandoab Toraj AghdaieOver the past fewdecades, women writers have been able to reflect on the social, cultural, and emotional issues of woman. Among the themes that can be seen in their works are partriarchy, everyday life, loneliness and trying to find identity, and so on.zoya pirzad, one MoreOver the past fewdecades, women writers have been able to reflect on the social, cultural, and emotional issues of woman. Among the themes that can be seen in their works are partriarchy, everyday life, loneliness and trying to find identity, and so on.zoya pirzad, one of the contemporary women writers, has been able to portray woman and the world of women with a feminine thought and writing. In her works, the main and central character is a woman. A woman with all the worries and issues related to the female world. Some of the womenin pirzads works are passive and patiently bow to problems. But others are willingly trying to solve the problems of individual and social life and establish their position. In this research, the woman and her social status in the works of this author are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - Anima's Ancient Challenge in the Story of Maulana's Arab Man
Azadeh Ebrahimipour Saber Emami Abdolhosein FarzadThe chanting of the mysterious and mysterious Maulana mirror has always been regarded as open and interpretable texts due to semantic complexities and linguistic art, and has been spoken about in various perspectives. Ancient critique of the literary model has been the MoreThe chanting of the mysterious and mysterious Maulana mirror has always been regarded as open and interpretable texts due to semantic complexities and linguistic art, and has been spoken about in various perspectives. Ancient critique of the literary model has been the source of psychological criticism that has flourished in recent decades, as in other interdisciplinary studies. This article, which examines the themes and images of Anima in the human body of Men's Books, paves the way for the next litter of literary works, and reflects the universality of the human message and the feelings of art poets such as Rumi. In this study, with the view of Yang's psychoanalysis school, from the old perspective, a pattern has been addressed to the Rumi poetry world and has been addressed to Anima's bold and repeatable personality in the story of her Arab man; a comparison of the manuscripts with ancient Anima-Yong pattern suggests a very similar resemblance Or even his complete adaptation to that ancient image Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - progressive image of Iranian woman in Constitutional poem
Reza Sadeghi shahparThe woman and her individual and social rights entered Literary discussions whit Constitutional Movement And became one of the most important issues in Constitutional Poetry. Hence women were at the center of discussions, So that in this day and age, very few poets who MoreThe woman and her individual and social rights entered Literary discussions whit Constitutional Movement And became one of the most important issues in Constitutional Poetry. Hence women were at the center of discussions, So that in this day and age, very few poets who are Attention more or less to freedom and women's rights. Equality, freedom, education, the presence of women in society and to prevent gender discrimination and sexual look to women, including women's issues is reflected in the poetry of Constitutional era. Malek-alshoara Bahar and Nasim-e shomal look more balanced and a more traditional to woman and In contrast, Iraj Mirza, Lahooti, Eshqi and Aref Qazvini are more radical and sometimes even disagreed with some issues such as the veil. This study will analysis the idea of constitutional poets about women and seeks to answer the fundamental question is it progressive or regressive thought and whether it can be aligned with the ideas Considered in feminism or not? The results show that the poets of that era have positive thoughts about women and in this sense, it corresponded with some feminist ideas about women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - The position and role of women in one thousand and one nights and Kelileh and Demneh
Fatemeh Amani Azar DaneshgarIn literary works, ancient texts and stories, women have had various roles and characteristics as part of society. Compilation of these works by men and addressing women and their position from their point of view is one of the most important features of these texts. Th MoreIn literary works, ancient texts and stories, women have had various roles and characteristics as part of society. Compilation of these works by men and addressing women and their position from their point of view is one of the most important features of these texts. The books of One Thousand and One Nights and also Kelileh va Demneh, as two ancient fictional works that have many stories in them, are very good narrators to express the position of women and their position in ancient societies. Women have different characteristics, roles and positions in the stories of these two works, and there are many negative and positive characteristics about them. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, the characteristics, position and social role of women in the tales of One Thousand and One Nights and Kelileh va Demneh have been compared and expressed. The results of this study show that more and more attention to the negative characteristics of women in the stories of One Thousand and One Nights and Kelileh va Demneh shows the view of male writers in a patriarchal society towards women and their position. In the tales of One Thousand and One Nights, the betrayal of women in the highest position, that is, the queen and the king's wife, has been the main and beginning of the stories, but in the stories of Kelileh and Demneh, this feature has been attributed to women in other classes of society. Other positive and negative characteristics such as tact, knowledge, wisdom, courage, cunning and trickery are all items that have been attributed to women in the stories of both Thousand and One Nights and Kelileh va Demneh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - The Structure and Narrative Techniques of “autumn is the Last Season of the Year” Novel
Teymoor Malmir Zinat nateghpoorThe novel called autumn is the last season of the year, written by Nasim Marashi, includes some stories about the life of three girls. We have analyzed the structure of the narration of the novel. The novel includes two parts, titled “summer” and “autu MoreThe novel called autumn is the last season of the year, written by Nasim Marashi, includes some stories about the life of three girls. We have analyzed the structure of the narration of the novel. The novel includes two parts, titled “summer” and “autumn” that each of these two parts have three chapters, and each chapter is narrated from the viewpoint of one of the three main characters. The main plan of the novel, is based on the alternative narration by each of these three characters that has relationship with the other character. The predominant story of each of them is based on their own specific situation. All of three women have two types of narration. The method of their narration is similar. They use alternative method. The main content and thought of the novel is the statement of relativity. We have analyzed the method of narration, dichotomy, and conflicts of the novel, naming of the book and characters and the method of partitioning of the novel based on relativity. We have addressed the relativity of the method and different skills of the author, according to the thought and content of the novel, based on structural knowledge. The existence and presence of man is important for all three women, but the kind and amount of this importance is different in each case. The multilateral narration of the novel wants to represent the common problems of the young generation, especially 1360’s youth, in different areas and situations. The research data have collected by analytical by library approach and have processed by analytical and descriptive methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - A forgotten proverb in Haft Peykar and its mythological, folkloric effect
Saeed Karimi Qare babaProverbs represent the cultural wealth of nations. Many proverbs are forgotten and lost during the time and we are never aware of their roots and their formation. This paper addresses a forgotten proverb used in a Haft Peykar couplet. The expression “The old woman MoreProverbs represent the cultural wealth of nations. Many proverbs are forgotten and lost during the time and we are never aware of their roots and their formation. This paper addresses a forgotten proverb used in a Haft Peykar couplet. The expression “The old woman is a wolf” is an expression probably considered as a proverb in Nizami age. This proverb seems to be welcomed in Persian literature from Turkish, Kurdish or Azeri. This study takes a descriptive, qualitative approach to examine the mythological and folkloric effects of this proverb. Comparing an old woman with a wolf is not new in Persian literature. They both represent death and world in culture, and world folklore and they signify snow, witchcraft, sexual drive ad moon. In this paper we have analyzed some overlapping points between old woman and wolf. In literature, wolf is the symbol of trickery and fraud. It seems that the main motivation behind taking an old woman for a wolf is their wide-range wisdom, experience and cunningness. Due to their command on the matrimonial secrets, old women have played significant roles in social relations of the past and they could connect men and women who wanted relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - The investigation of Social Values Women in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh with regard to Emile Durkheim’s Sociological Approach
Maryam Saeed Ali Eshghi Sardehi Seyed Ali Akbar Shariatifar Saeed Roozbahani Becoming familiar with women’s manner and behavior is a collective matter so it needs to understand sociology. Durkheim presents symbolic interaction theory by the appearance of collective conscience and claims that human society is passing the stages of de More Becoming familiar with women’s manner and behavior is a collective matter so it needs to understand sociology. Durkheim presents symbolic interaction theory by the appearance of collective conscience and claims that human society is passing the stages of development toward progression and pluralism by physical and ethical density. Identity conflict is individual state but it is reflection of collective life of social and structural values and reflection of collective issues. The aim of conducting this study is the investigation of social values which are reflected in the manner and behavior of women in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh according to the sociological approach of Emile Durkheim that was written with regard to women’s identity, marriage, and hijab. The research method is descriptive-analytical-and comparative in this study. The finding of this research demonstrated that women play different roles in their lives based on their feminine identity in different sections of life in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh. Some of the Ferdowsi’s views that are reflected in his poems are in harmony with Durkheim’s view as both of them consider women and men equally. According to social interactionism theory it can be said that social factors such as education, social classes, the amount of using mass media are aligned with Shahnameh ;however, rationalism with early marriage or baseless marriage such as marrying with near relatives has the opposite relationship. Also factors like traditional family, distrust of parental family and gender inequality has direct relationship with early and baseless relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Investigating the Characteristics and Forms of Femininity or Feminine Dialect in Jaleh Ghaem Maghami's Poetry
Maryam BeyckFeminine dialect, feminine writing, and feminine style, or in general the feminist movement is a self-conscious movement that seeks to persuade women to emancipate themselves from the domination of the male-dominated intellectual and linguistic system of society and ask MoreFeminine dialect, feminine writing, and feminine style, or in general the feminist movement is a self-conscious movement that seeks to persuade women to emancipate themselves from the domination of the male-dominated intellectual and linguistic system of society and asks them to liberate themselves and their desires, and explore their hopes and aspirations as an active part of human society. Jaleh Ghaem Maghami is considered by most researchers to be one of the founders of women's literature. Her poems are full of feminine perspective and mentality, and even the anonymous rendition of her poems, would immediately attract the reader’s attention to its female authority. Jaleh's emphasis on her gender in her poetry reflects her efforts to introduce femalehood to society and to change social representation of women. The emergence of the constitutional movement caused a great change in the minds of Iranians. This event revealed its impact in two ways. First, it led to the improvement of literacy, and the necessity of a literature that was accessible to all and that its themes were relevant to the lives of the masses. Second, the extensive connection with the West became more prominent due to the emphasis on the themes of freedom, homeland, nationality, and political and social criticism of poetry and literature. In this research, the author has tried to identify the signs in Jaleh’s Divan in a descriptive-analytical way and with a library method, which distinguishes her female poems from male poems and refers to those works as a distinct female writing style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - A Critical Analysis of Male and Female Discipline with a Focus on the Book Taadib al Nesvan (Disciplining Women)
Zahra Borji Ahmad ZakeriWomen’s issues (implying a living creature, fertile, originally related to life), their personality, position and status in the family and society are among other issues that, similar to other cultural and social issues, are reflected in the mirror of litera MoreWomen’s issues (implying a living creature, fertile, originally related to life), their personality, position and status in the family and society are among other issues that, similar to other cultural and social issues, are reflected in the mirror of literature and culture of nations, embodying the personal and social attitudes of the authors and the general public to indicate the way women were treated . Do they think women have the same rights as men? Or that woman is a parasitic and second-hand creature dependent on man, who has no independence in her opinions and personality? Or what is the role of woman from the perspective of Quran and Islam and other holy books and religious leaders and experts? The present research seeks to address the aforementioned questions in various eras particularly in Qajar dynasty period to examine the status of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - A Study of the Status of Women in Ramayana Valmiki and Mullah Masih Pani Petty
Leila Badamiyan Nastaran SafariThe Ramayana, India's oldest romance epic, is a Sanskrit-language Valmiki poem from the 5th to the 3rd centuries BC, in addition to a sweet narrative full of moral, social and political implications. This epic was translated into Persian as a poem by Mullah Masih Panipt MoreThe Ramayana, India's oldest romance epic, is a Sanskrit-language Valmiki poem from the 5th to the 3rd centuries BC, in addition to a sweet narrative full of moral, social and political implications. This epic was translated into Persian as a poem by Mullah Masih Panipti during the reign of Jahangir Shah. The widespread and active presence of women as an integral part of both epics becomes one of the factors in recognizing the status of women, the way society views this group and their rulings.This article tries to express the extent of the influence of Islam on the system of the Messiah by examining and extracting the mentioned points. The present study, with its library method and descriptive-analytical method, first determines the position of woman and the rulings related to her in Ramayana Valmiki and then compares and identifies the differences and similarities with what Mulla Masih Panipati wrote in the translation of the Ramayana poem. As a Muslim, he has provided a translation of a Ramayana poem based on Islamic concepts, using similarities and finding common ground between Hinduism and Islam. According to the findings of this study, more women in the Ramayana of Mlamasih compared to the Ramayana of Walmiki play a role in this system; But in terms of expressing the rulings and status of women, Valmiki has dealt with it in detail. Women play a more central role in the Ramayana Mlamasih, and three of them, Kiki, Ravan's sister, and Ram's sister, tell the story. Manuscript profile -
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215 - Women’s portrait in Myth and History According to Shahnameh and Beyhaghi’s history
hadi Khdivar rahele Ensafi soroor -
Open Access Article
216 - Investigating the Concept of Power in the Letters of Forough-al-Dawlah the daughter of Naser-al-Din Shah Qajar, relying on the power theory of Michel Foucault
Masumeh Shahsavari Fatemeh Heydari Studies show that the lives of women throughout history have been constantly ups and downs and in the face of injustice and contempt.With regard to men's writing in Persian history and literature, less information can be obtained about the perso More Studies show that the lives of women throughout history have been constantly ups and downs and in the face of injustice and contempt.With regard to men's writing in Persian history and literature, less information can be obtained about the personality traits and cognitive identity of women.Their presence in the political, social, and political spheres of the Qajar period, and those that have gone away from time to time, is important for achieving this recognition.Among these works, letters are worth more because of the facts of life.This research has been aimed at analyzing these letters, the extent and manner of exercising the power of women in the courtroom.The research method in this paper is based on analysing of Forough Dawlah's letters, Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar's daughter, and their compliance with the statements of power of nineteenth-century theorist Michel Foucault.The result obtained indicates that Despite the increasing awareness and increasing the presence of women in the community, they have not been able to respond to the demands of self-restraint without the support and support of men, and in the context of the distribution of power, they have been subordinate to the lower. Manuscript profile -
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217 - Study of women's issues from the perspective of myth, in the novel Tooba Va Ma’nay – e shab
zahra rafeie sayed Mahmood Sayed sadeghi Shamsolhajiyeh Ardalani Tooba Va Ma’nay – e shab rereads several decades of the history of Iran, which is wrapped in a mysterious and mythical aura, with a heroine called Tooba. She, whose name is also symbolic, is nurtured under the influence of her father, who is a s More Tooba Va Ma’nay – e shab rereads several decades of the history of Iran, which is wrapped in a mysterious and mythical aura, with a heroine called Tooba. She, whose name is also symbolic, is nurtured under the influence of her father, who is a scientist. The novel is Shahrnush Parsipur’s most characteristic work of fiction at the height of the Constitutional Revolution and its aftermath until the Pahlavi period. The author of the novel, depicts the life of a woman who, despite all the limitations of the time for women, has managed, in light of the teachings of intellectual men, to devote her whole life to get to the truth. What makes the study of this novel significant, is the fact that the story lives around Tooba who is a fine example of her cotemporary women. But other women in the novel, are often either ignorant or backward who lack any power of attraction or are modern in behavior on whom, Tuba turns her back due to her traditional values. This work, through creating an eerie atmosphere and by using themes such as myths, symbols and archetypes, shows that the creative talent of women, if accompanied by male power can save mankind from the dark. This article aims to investigate the function of archetypes and to pay attention to symbolic and mythical beliefs and, through this, to give an answer to the question “how is it possible, by studying intellectual and cultural roots, to end the gender conflicts?” Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - A Comparative Study of Two Travelogues by Two Haj Pilgrims
Zohre Rahimi Mehr Zahra DorriThe most valuable literary-cultural treasures of any country include travelogues. They reflect the viewpoints related to social, political, cultural, literary and religious functions of the society. Regardless of their form and purpose, travelogues are of great signific MoreThe most valuable literary-cultural treasures of any country include travelogues. They reflect the viewpoints related to social, political, cultural, literary and religious functions of the society. Regardless of their form and purpose, travelogues are of great significance, especially the ones recorded by well-known itinerants and literary elite. Haj travelogues, however, are more important, since their recorders are literati who thrust into them their mystical and insightful impressions to reveal the outer world and its cultural differences. Now the present research tries to analyze and compare and contrast two Haj travelogues recorded by two Muslim – one Iranian and one non-Iranian – women. Manuscript profile -
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219 - Study the Position of Femail and Love in VIS & Ramin of Fakhreddin Asad Gorgani
Esmael Hakemi Razieh Zavarian -
Open Access Article
220 - Critique and elaboration of the principles of socialist realism in the poetry of Jaleh Ghaem Maghami and Nazok al-Malaeka
maryam beyk Hadi Heydariania Mahmoud SadeghzadehOne of the most popular contemporary literary schools is the school of Romanticism, which first dealt with personal issues; But because of the unfavorable political and social situation, it gradually shifted from an individualistic to a socialist state and took on a soc MoreOne of the most popular contemporary literary schools is the school of Romanticism, which first dealt with personal issues; But because of the unfavorable political and social situation, it gradually shifted from an individualistic to a socialist state and took on a socialist state. Although the emergence of the school of Romanticism in Persian and Arabic literature does not have much in common; But there are many similarities between the followers of this literary school in Persian and Arabic. Nazak-ul-Malaika and Jaleh Ghaem-e Maghami are among the poets whose poems have such a character. There are similarities in the theme and style of their poetry, showing that the poems have been influenced by the poetry of the European Romantic period in terms of content, format and language. The present article seeks to analyze and explain the principles of socialist romanticism in descriptive-analytical method in the poems of Jaleh Ghaem Maghami and Nazak-ol-Angels. Poverty, the decline of society, women and issues around it, idealism and idealism have been studied in the poetry of these two poets. The author seeks to answer these questions: What are the most important issues raised in the poems of these two poets? And what are the similarities between these two poets? Manuscript profile -
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221 - Ethics of a married life in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh and investigating its roots in ancient texts
Mohammad Navid Bazargan Maryam Khadem AzghadiThe present research, focusing on the ethics of a married life in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh and the other works preceding it, tries to reveal, through excerpts and facts taken from Avesta, medieval texts, Shahnameh, and also famous quotes of experts, to what extent the MoreThe present research, focusing on the ethics of a married life in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh and the other works preceding it, tries to reveal, through excerpts and facts taken from Avesta, medieval texts, Shahnameh, and also famous quotes of experts, to what extent the marriage etiquette, such as compromise, frankness, love, good behavior, faithfulness, commitment, mutual respect, virtue, frankness, etc. are emphasized in them. Manuscript profile -
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222 - The Study of Women’s Place in the Adages and Anecdotes through a Sociological Approach
Reza Forsati Jouybari Mina Nabayi -
Open Access Article
223 - Western Teachings in the poems of Simin Behbahani
masomeh salehi taregh ahmad zakeri “West and Westoxification “are words that intellectuals and freethinkers have used in their works following the colonization and exploitation of our country the airm of which was to clarify peopls More “West and Westoxification “are words that intellectuals and freethinkers have used in their works following the colonization and exploitation of our country the airm of which was to clarify peopls mindset about this ominous phenomenon of the 20 century .The western cultural imperialism becomes more threatening when the native poets and writers become their talking voice and out of the mouth of the friends the speech and demands of the enemy be heard. By investigating the works of the contemporary poets and writers we find that some poets have deliberately changed their stylistic and ethical methods in favor of the Westerns and some others have pursued western patterns unintentionally being influenced by the dominant social priorities . Among them Forough FARROkhzad and Simin Behbahani are among those in whose works a combination of these two methods can be found. In this descriptive –analytic paper we are to evaluate some of the western teachings pervading the poems of these two poets . Manuscript profile -
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224 - An Analytical Study of Women and Their Station in the Novels of Simin Daneshvar’s Suvašun and Fariba Vafi’s My Bird
Zinat Mashayekh Sang-Tajan Fatemeh HeydariThis article aims to study the image of women in two Iranian modern novels: Suvašun by Simin Daneshvar and My Bird by Fariba Vafi. The writers have tried to review and analyze the form and the content of the novels as well as the culture and ideology of the socie MoreThis article aims to study the image of women in two Iranian modern novels: Suvašun by Simin Daneshvar and My Bird by Fariba Vafi. The writers have tried to review and analyze the form and the content of the novels as well as the culture and ideology of the society laid on the women as depicted in the two novels. In this regard, a vivid picture of women, the reflection of their feelings and sentiments, the superiority of men over women, the dogmatism imposed on them, their being humiliated and exploited, the individual and social boundaries for them, and their lost identity have been focused on. In an analytic-descriptive method and through a deconstructive approach, the present study has explored the new wave in which contemporary female writers trend towards fighting a masculine way of looking at women and adopting a thoroughly feminist one instead in order to exhibit a new picture of women who want reforms in their situation but are doomed to live a passive life under outlying suppressions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Woman in Iranian Realism Relying on the Novel (Missing Soluch)
marzieh abyar qamsari reza shajari Alireza Fouladi Abdolhossein FarzadThe attitudes, approaches, and ideological, cultural, and social requirements of each society in the cultural-artistic exchanges between different societies lead to change, evolution in the cultural-artistic components of the exchange. Iranian cultural-social beliefs, i MoreThe attitudes, approaches, and ideological, cultural, and social requirements of each society in the cultural-artistic exchanges between different societies lead to change, evolution in the cultural-artistic components of the exchange. Iranian cultural-social beliefs, in the early period of Westernization of Iranians' intellectual - after adopting the school of Western realism from Western literature - made fundamental changes to the principles and norms of this literary school that eventually reproduced it as an independent school with a purely Iranian method and with specific Iranian components, to the extent that The term (Iranian realism) can be considered appropriate for this school. This research, based on qualitative content analysis, examines (Woman in Iranian Realism) as one of the most important components of Iranian realism in the novel (Missing Soluch). In this research, the challenges facing the Iranian woman and her personality dimensions in the family is categorized as headings and sub-sections, its different aspect and then evaluated in the novel. Also, in the process of this research, the author's attention and focus on the historical identity - The social status of Iranian women as a component of Iranian realism is explained and analyzed. Manuscript profile -
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226 - Women’s Presence in Eskandar-nāma as Narrated by Ferdowsi
Masumeh Shahsavari fateme heydariFerdowsi’s Šāh-nāma, Iranians’ greatest epic in verse, is comprised of stories, myths and historical events which are all interrelated and interwoven together, so that excluding or leaving out any part of it disintegrates the whole. Šāh-nāma pr MoreFerdowsi’s Šāh-nāma, Iranians’ greatest epic in verse, is comprised of stories, myths and historical events which are all interrelated and interwoven together, so that excluding or leaving out any part of it disintegrates the whole. Šāh-nāma provides one of the sources for the story of Alexander (Eskandar) the Great who invaded Iran and brought a debacle to the Achaemenids, and so did he commit his very sin of his ruling period. He is, however, a man of different credit as presented in Šāh-nāma. He is not an evil as a whole. His treatment of women is noteworthy. This article is to investigate his character through a rather feminine point of view and compare and contrast two warrior Alexanders; one as a historical character and one as introduced in Šāh-nāma. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Analysis of the status of women by relying on two tales of Nadime and Sw ashoun
fateme mehmohseni gerd kohi Literary works are one of the tools for understanding the status and role of women in society. Through literary works, it is possible to understand the social conditions and circumstances beyond the formal reading of each period. Especially if t More Literary works are one of the tools for understanding the status and role of women in society. Through literary works, it is possible to understand the social conditions and circumstances beyond the formal reading of each period. Especially if these works belong to two different societies with different perspectives and cultures The present study focuses on the study of two works of Margaret Atwood's and Nedous's literary works, Simon Daneshvar, in order to present the differences and similarities of both writers as representatives of the culture of the West and the East while presenting the position and role of women in both works Concerning the rights, duties and problems of women, both authors share common ground, but there are significant differences in factors such as the lack of respect for women's rights and the role of intellectual and cultural structures in the performance of their duties and in the pursuit of women's rights, as the broader and more general view of Western society in Contrary to the narrower and more traditional orientation of the Eastern community to the woman. The author of this article, while recounting the works of Neda and Soushoun, is trying to find out the distinctions and causes of this work in a descriptive-comparative (library) way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Cases of Keeping Silent of Female Characters in Persian Literature: A Survey
Ataollah Koupal -
Open Access Article
229 - The Study of the Role of Women in Creating Happiness in Myths
Fariba Reyissi -
Open Access Article
230 - Analyzing the effective factors on women deputy in Premeditated murder of disturbing man
Mahtab Mafi Hosein Fekrazad Amirmasoud AmirmazaheriAnalayzing the effective factors on women deputy in the premeditated murder of a disturbing man Abstract Premeditated murder is one of the most common crimes that occurred for various reasons and methods. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecti MoreAnalayzing the effective factors on women deputy in the premeditated murder of a disturbing man Abstract Premeditated murder is one of the most common crimes that occurred for various reasons and methods. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting womens deputy in the premeditated murder of a disturbing man. The current reseach has been conducted using semi- structured interviewes and using the grounded theory method. The statistical population of this resrarch was 6 women who were in Rey city penitentiary for the Premeditated murder of a disturbing man. The findings of the research show that three categories of causal, contextual and intervening factors have had an effect on womens deputy in the premeditated murder of a disturbing man, which causal factors are: the disturbing mans non-adherence to moral principles,fanatical beliefs and honor worship of the husband. The background conditions are: migration and marginalization, inappropriate marital relations and violent behavior of women. The intervening conditions are: concealment of the truth by the woman due to the fear of her husbands harsh and violent behavior, coercion and domination by the husband for the womans deputy in the premeditated murder of a disturbing man. Action strategies (strategies) include: violent behavior toward others, which has consequences such as the premeditated murder of a disturbing man, the punishment of the guilty man and the woman as a deputy in the premeditated murder and the indecision of the children. Keywords: Women prisoners, Deputy in the premeditated murder, Disturbing man, Honor, Grounded theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Meta-Analysis on Femininity Studies and Development in Iran Considering on economic development
Azadeh ghazanfari khalil Mirzaei Masoume ReshadThe first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women MoreThe first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women in a society, equal to advancement and development of that country. This paper is performed in order to merge done studies in femininity field and development. Method which is used in this paper, is Meta-analysis. Statistical population were consisted of related and available studies which were accessible in Iran using Persian language, in paper form, from 1385 to 1401. After investigating the criterion of inputs and outputs, 55 effect sizes from 17 studies which have Meta-analysis condition, were obtained. In order to analyze data from sensitivity data, funnel chart, stochastic models and heterogeneity analysis, CMA2 software was used. Analysis of obtained information from research showed that the amount of combined effect in this stochastic model (chosen model for this Meta-analysis), which was significant. Size of obtained effect were calculated averagely according to interpretation of Cohen's scale and results illustrated that women and femininity have effect on development. Also, by considering economic development as moderator variable, it is calculated averagely too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - Relationship Between cultural capital and the lifestyle of elderly women
Tahereh Jabbary Touran Rahmatollah Amirahamdi Gholamreza Khosh Far Ebrahim GhafariThe main purpose of this study is to identify the impact of cultural capital on the lifestyle of elderly women. The research method is survey. The statistical population of the study is 340 elderly people over 60 years of age who use the daily services of the provincial MoreThe main purpose of this study is to identify the impact of cultural capital on the lifestyle of elderly women. The research method is survey. The statistical population of the study is 340 elderly people over 60 years of age who use the daily services of the provincial State Welfare Organization. Using Cochran's formula, 183 samples were selected by stratified random sampling method. To assess lifestyle, Miller and Smith’s lifestyle questionnaires were used. And to measure cultural capital, the questions of previous research questionnaires in this field were used, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression tests were used to analyze the data. Research findings show that there is a positive relationship between cultural capital and the lifestyle of elderly women. In the equation of regression analysis, analysis of variance is calculated for cultural capital the value of F is equal to 1.294 and the significance of F(Sig = 0.278).) which shows the lifestyle with the dimensions of cultural capital (cultural consumption, number of books, number of works of art, foreign language, media consumption) have a direct linear relationship, it’s apparent that cultural capital is of great importance in creating lifestyle and acquiring it is one of the most essential ways to promote older women lifestyle. Also, it can explain lifestyle more than other factors. So, it`s highly recommended law makers and planners pay greater attention to enforcing cultural capital in both middle and old age. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Analyzing the factors affecting women's participation in the intentional murder of a disturbing man
Mahtab Mafi Hosein Fekrazad Amirmasoud AmirmazaheriAlthough women's involvement in intentional homicide seems to have the same nature, it is actually done with different reasons and motivations. Women who assisted in the intentional murder of disturbing men are those who were harassed by disturbing men (killed) and by s MoreAlthough women's involvement in intentional homicide seems to have the same nature, it is actually done with different reasons and motivations. Women who assisted in the intentional murder of disturbing men are those who were harassed by disturbing men (killed) and by sharing the matter with their husbands and under their supervision, they committed the act of assisting in the intentional killing of disturbing men. This research aims to identify the factors affecting women's participation in the intentional murder of a disturbing man. The technique used in this research is observation and semi-structured interviews, and its method is grounded theory. In order to obtain the personal characteristics of the prisoners, their personal files have been used. The statistical population of this research is 6 women who were in Ray Shahr Penitentiary in 2017 for the crime of aiding in the intentional murder of a disturbing man. The findings of the research show that three categories of causal, contextual and intervening factors have had an effect on women's involvement in intentional homicide, which causal factors are: the disturbing man's non-adherence to moral principles, fanatical beliefs and honor worship of the husband. Background conditions include: migration and marginalization, mistreatment of women. The intervening conditions are: concealment of the truth by the woman due to the fear of her husband's harsh and violent behavior, coercion and domination by the husband for the woman's cooperation in the deliberate murder of the annoying man. Action strategies include: murder and violent behavior towards others, which have consequences such as the condemnation of women and their unfavorable situation, the punishment of the husband as a steward in intentional murder, and the disorderly situation of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Sociological study of the individual-social consequences of the multiplicity of the job role of women in Tehran Municipality
Adineh Adib Bagher Sarookhani Mansoor VosooghiThe present article sociologically specified individual- social consequences of female employees` multiple role-playing conflict in Tehran municipality during 2018. Through the survey method of study and according to the statistical rules of determining the sample group MoreThe present article sociologically specified individual- social consequences of female employees` multiple role-playing conflict in Tehran municipality during 2018. Through the survey method of study and according to the statistical rules of determining the sample group, among 5600 people of the statistical society, 360 female employees in various districts of Tehran municipality were selected as the sample case in cluster multi-stage way. The data was gathered through researcher`s self-made questionnaire in 5 likert scale and 0.7 reliability and approval content validity. The main question of present research was to investigate the relationship between individual and social consequences with multiple role-playing conflict? The theoretical framework of the study was developed through Greenhous and Beutell (1985) conflict theory, rare and accumulation approach and extension theory. The results of Pearson correlation and linear regression revealed that there was a direct relationship among multiple role-playing conflict with job stress, rush and delay at affaires, physical burnout and family quarrel. However, there was an opposite relationship among women`s multiple role-playing conflict with their social support, job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Thereupon, with the employment of women in the modernity era and the lack of men`s cooperation with women in household chores at home and managers in the office, with the strong patriarchy background; they will encounter with multiple role-playing conflict at home and office which cause different individual and social consequences too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Presenting the precedent model of women's sense of social security (Case study: girls and women in Sari)
Fezeh NoorpoorWomen's security is one of the most important social issues in all societies. The experience of various countries, including Iran, shows that the sense of social security of women, in addition to disciplinary measures, is also influenced by other factors, which can be a MoreWomen's security is one of the most important social issues in all societies. The experience of various countries, including Iran, shows that the sense of social security of women, in addition to disciplinary measures, is also influenced by other factors, which can be addressed with important practical guidelines. Therefore, the present study aims to provide a model of the antecedents of women's sense of social security. This study has been done in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and form of implementation in a descriptive-survey manner. The statistical population of this study is all women and girls’ citizens of Sari (unlimited population) from which a sample of 200 people has been selected using the specific formula for sample size in structural equation modeling. To collect the data, a self-administered questionnaire including 5 dimensions and 25 items was used, the validity of which was confirmed by face-content method and construct validity. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was above 0.7, which indicates the acceptable reliability of the measurement tool. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Based on the results obtained in this study, it was found that all four factors, including physical factors, individual factors, socio-cultural factors and disciplinary factors have a positive and significant effect on women's sense of social security. Calculation of goodness-of-fit indices also showed that the structural model proposed in this study has a good fit. Finally, based on the research findings, some suggestions are presented. Keywords: Social Responsibility, Iranian Ports Organization, Sustainable Development, Mixed Research Method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Does Ecotourism Development Promote Rural Women’s Empowerment?
Sahar Aghdasi Maryam Omidi Najafabadi Seyed Jamal Farajollah Hosseini -
Open Access Article
237 - A Study of the Relationship between Women's Presence in Corporations' Managerial Pyramid, Financial Reporting Quality, and Accountancy Wage
Somayeh Rahimi Godratollah TalebniaPurpose: Accountancy wage is one of the components in the analysis of accountancy quality under the influence of different factors such as features of the employee and auditor as well as the procedure of accountancy. Thus, searching for the causes that are effective on MorePurpose: Accountancy wage is one of the components in the analysis of accountancy quality under the influence of different factors such as features of the employee and auditor as well as the procedure of accountancy. Thus, searching for the causes that are effective on accountancy wage is very important. This study deals with the relationship between women's presence in corporations' managerial pyramid, financial reporting quality, and accountancy wage.Methods: The research statistical population consisted of corporations accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange in 2020. Based on the conditions for sample extraction, 115 stock exchange corporations from different industries were analyzed during a 7-year period. The research purpose was practical and in terms of method, it was considered descriptive and retrospective. For data collection, the financial statements of corporations and the information existing in the database of the Stock Exchange, Codal website, and Rah Avard-e Novin software were applied. Excel software was used for saving, classification, and calculation of the variables and for statistical analysis of the data, E-Views software was applied.Results: The results showed that there is a significantly positive relationship between women's presence in corporations' managerial pyramid and profit management through real activities as a criterion for decreasing financial reporting quality. Furthermore, there is a significantly positive relationship between profit management through real activities as a criterion decreasing the quality of financial reporting quality and accountancy wage. However, women's presence in corporations' managerial pyramid has no significant impact on the relationship between profit management through real activities as a criterion decreasing financial reporting quality and accountancy wage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - The Review of the Novels Written by “Belgheis Soleimani” Based on the Linguistic Frameworks of “Sarah Milz”
Azar Daneshgar Masoume ZarekohanLanguage is the most important means of communication among human beings, which has been always the focus of attention. Many philosophers have studied language. A group of linguists consider language as a system of meanings and many others consider that as a set of conv MoreLanguage is the most important means of communication among human beings, which has been always the focus of attention. Many philosophers have studied language. A group of linguists consider language as a system of meanings and many others consider that as a set of conventional signs. Sociolinguistic theorists as well as the Feminist critics specifically the post-modern feminists such as “Sarah Mills” have offered theories on the linguistic features of the works of women and their differences with the works of men; By so doing, they emphasized the issue that gender, race and class differences etc. impact the method of language use. In the present research, we first investigate the theories of feminist criticism and then we refer to the linguistic theory of Sarah Mills and analyze the latter theory in the novels of Belgheis Soleimani at three lexical, syntactic and discourse levels. The results of the research show that the language of the characters of her novel are significantly influenced by the author’s gender and that the author has been successful in creating a language commensurate with the gender of the characters of her novel. This paper was prepared based on analytic-descriptive method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Common Egyptian Proverbs versus Women Socio-cultural Identity, in the Shadow of Dominance Theory: A Case Study of Ahmad Shaolan's Book
Ehya Komasi Amir Mesgar Azra SaberiLanguage, woman and the influence of culture and society in creating language differences between men and women is a topic that has occupied the minds of many researchers for many years. Dominance theory is one of the most important theories that examines the difference MoreLanguage, woman and the influence of culture and society in creating language differences between men and women is a topic that has occupied the minds of many researchers for many years. Dominance theory is one of the most important theories that examines the difference in social status between men and women and how it reflects on each one specific linguistic behavior. Proverbs are considered the most important linguistic elements explain the lives of people in the society, so that they can be used to study the language of a woman and understand her cultural and social identity. The first volume of the book mosuʽa al-amsāl al-shaʽbyya al-misryya va al-taʽbirāt al-sāʼira (Encyclopedia of Egyptian Popular Proverbs and Common Expressions) by Ibrahim Ahmed Shaolan contains a large number of local Egyptian proverbs that shows women interpretations in a special way. Considering the importance of accent in cultural linguistic studies, we noticed that there have been very few studies about the quality of socio-cultural identity of women in common proverbs among Arabic dialects. Therefore, relying on the descriptive-analytical method and in conformity with the statistical model, we examined local women's proverbs based on the mentioned book and in the light of the dominance theory. The results that we have achieved in this study are as follows: the percentage of negative characteristics of a woman prevails over her positive characteristics. The linguistic behavior of a woman is such that when expressing her opinions and ideas, she usually chooses the nominal and declarative sentence style, in the position of competition and struggle, he chooses the style of repeated first person pronoun and in the time of despair and failure, she often turns to choosing the style of non-declarative sentence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - A Comparison of Woman's Position in "Vays & Ramin" and "Bijan & Manijeh" Poems from Feminist Viewpoint
Esmaeel Hakemi Raziyeh Zavarian Finding a way into the woman's world and investigating on her personality and temperament has always attracted the attention of scientists, philosophers and scholars in each era. Understanding woman's role and position in the human's complementary process r More Finding a way into the woman's world and investigating on her personality and temperament has always attracted the attention of scientists, philosophers and scholars in each era. Understanding woman's role and position in the human's complementary process requires continuous investigations and researches to clarify the ambiguities and problems that have led to prejudices about her and have introduced her as "Eternally Guilty". In the ancient Iran, we see wise and smart women that not only do not get angry with contempt, and indifference, but also they have shown such a reaction that has shocked all political, cultural, legal and social structures governing the society. Vays is one of those women. The goal of this study is to present her real personality and determination by which she could resist against the destiny that had been determined for her by others. Efforts are made in this paper to address woman's position in the ancient Iran by considering two poems, namely "Vays & Ramin" by "Fakhredin As'ad Gorgani" and "Bijan & Manijeh" by "Ferdowsi" and to investigate the main characters of the poems, i.e., "Vays" and "Manijeh" in order to compare woman's role from feminist viewpoint by considering the setting of the two stories which goes back to Ashkanid era. Research method is of library type. The subjects were collected by referring to the resources and were described through analysis and reasoning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - The Study of Myths and Symbols in BanugoshasbNameh
Mahmoud Tavousi Khadije Bahrami RahnamaMyths show the layers of human being's collective unconsciousness and include a nations' symbolic and mysterious conceptions. BanugoshasbNameh is a mythic verse book including mythic functions. In BanugoshasbNameh, Banugoshasb is a warring and heroic archetype. He MoreMyths show the layers of human being's collective unconsciousness and include a nations' symbolic and mysterious conceptions. BanugoshasbNameh is a mythic verse book including mythic functions. In BanugoshasbNameh, Banugoshasb is a warring and heroic archetype. Her functions remind the glory of women's role in agricultural era, the era which is famed for its matriarchy and in all the verses, it has been tried to show her power and nature. This article tries to show Banugoshasb's character and pays attention to mythic functions such as transformation, and water symbolism. The theoretical framework of this research is archetypal criticism which will be applied to Banugoshabnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Characteristics of Female Sonneteers during Andalus Era in the Light of Modern Psychological Criticism
Abbas Eqbali Faezeh Pasandi Abundance of skillful Poetesses in ode writing is one of the features of literature history during Andulus era. Hence, a great deal of Andalusian poems appertain to poetesses; The poems are of features like delicacy, accuracy, elegance and development. This is cl More Abundance of skillful Poetesses in ode writing is one of the features of literature history during Andulus era. Hence, a great deal of Andalusian poems appertain to poetesses; The poems are of features like delicacy, accuracy, elegance and development. This is clear that the basic characteristics of such poetic experience is derived from poetess's skill in representing ancient meanings with a modern method that differs from dominant meanings in traditional poems. Also nature of Andalusian land has led the poetess to use its clear and sensible elements in her poem. When the poetess sonnetizes, she clarifies her captivation and all great meanings which is considered as a female's nature. In addition, she intensively wishes in her poetic experience to make her poem distinct and different from others, far from her rivals' eyes and just with her own delight and enthusiasm. The present article introduces sonnets of Andalusian poetesses as a mirror of their psychological attitudes as well as including textual features derived from imagination which has in fact psychological origin based on modern psychological criticism in addition to studying Andalusian women's poetic approach with emphasis on poetesses like Bothayneh Bint AlMutamid, Zeynab Almerieh, Qamar Jarieh Ibrahim, Uom Al'ala Albint Yousuf, Veladeh Albint Almostakfi. This study also clarifies that poems of Andalusian poetesses with chastely love have psychological characteristics like pain of Love, nostalgia, lack of will, Nirvana, masochism. In contrast, permissible lyric poems are with features like sexuality, affront and precision. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - The Portrait of the Female Beloved in Moalaghate Haftganeh
Hamed Sedghi Yasin VeysiAs far as "Jaheli " poetry is concerned the main theme is woman the evidence for which is found in the scarcity of ode begun with anything except love, sonnet, description of female beauties and the poet to reach her mysteries. A "Jaheli" p MoreAs far as "Jaheli " poetry is concerned the main theme is woman the evidence for which is found in the scarcity of ode begun with anything except love, sonnet, description of female beauties and the poet to reach her mysteries. A "Jaheli" poet describes woman beauties primarily fascinated by her face , the beauty of her body quite expectedly ,but describing her moral spiritual aspects and an image of her affection as well as the love story between and woman just come after the description of women body . Moreover, Jaheli woman is superior to the ordinary people and enters poets' lives inspiring them with simultaneously encouraging them to create artistic works which results in masterpieces in describing woman and innovation in portraying her beauties. The Jaheli poet portrays an statute of Jaheli woman in whose forehead some signs are evident. His poetry starts from hair and comes to the feet. This is a simile suggesting the secret of life full of morals and spiritual attributes which themselves are ones that Jaheli man appreciates as a whole in the woman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Sufi-lyrics of Ibne Farez and Jamie ; conceptual comparative criticism
Mohammad Hadi Moradi Fatemeh NasrollahiComparative literature is one of the major branches of literature, in which the researcher surveys on the works of two poets who enjoy different literature and after identifying of the differences and similarities between both of them, their poems and proses are compare MoreComparative literature is one of the major branches of literature, in which the researcher surveys on the works of two poets who enjoy different literature and after identifying of the differences and similarities between both of them, their poems and proses are compared. This leads to unity of culture between two nations and also the great literary men are mostly recognized. In this research, sufi-lyrics of two eminent poets, Ibne Farez and Jami, have conceptually been investigated since both are considered the pioneers of sufi verse between Arab and Persian. This research first deal with the biography of two poets and then their poems are conceptually surveyed based on the most significant symbols of sufi verse such as wine and woman that is used as the mystery of verse by poet in order to express his spiritual goal and mystical purpose. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Manifestations of Feminist Theory in the Novel Sauvushunby Iranian Novelist SiminDaneshvar
Ali Jafar JafarSiminDaneshvar is the first Iranian femalenovelist in Persian literature and her famous novel, Savushun, gives her a place beside othersuperiorIranian writers and novelists. Female perspective in Savushun caused its eternitybecause it is the first novel that is wr MoreSiminDaneshvar is the first Iranian femalenovelist in Persian literature and her famous novel, Savushun, gives her a place beside othersuperiorIranian writers and novelists. Female perspective in Savushun caused its eternitybecause it is the first novel that is written and published by a woman. Although the woman is victim of patriarchy in Iranian novels generally, both SiminDaneshvarand her heroin Savushunare female and this approach is newin Iranian novel writing.Daneshvar tried to express feministic secrets in her heroine and in this way feministic view entered Iranian literature.As well She devoted herself to highlight women's realities through hernovel describing wonderfully some eras of Iranian history i.e. being occupied by Britain and its barraters and evolution of Iran after world warII. Simin isinspired by her own personality in the creation of the heroine and her real life and what happened to the heroine and her family is same as what happened to Iran and Iranian people. Daneshvar smashed traditional view of women inSavushun and made a great evolution in female characteristic through her heroine'srebellion. Moreover,she proved that a woman is capable of standing beside a man and hold weapon in her hand and fight in defense ofher country and nurture many warriors and soldiers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - A Study of the Relationship Between Organizational Resilience and Job Satisfaction and Mental Health of High School Teachers in Kermanshah Province
Mohsen Karami Sara Kazemi Shamsi RahmaniThe purpose of the present study is to review the relationship between components of organizational resilience and job satisfaction and mental health of high school teachers in the province of Kermanshah. The method of research is descriptive-correlational and its perfo MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review the relationship between components of organizational resilience and job satisfaction and mental health of high school teachers in the province of Kermanshah. The method of research is descriptive-correlational and its performance method is survey. The statistical population of the research consists of all female teachers in governmental and nongovernmental high schools of Kermanshah. Convenience sampling was used in this research to determine 286 teachers as the sample of study with regard to the total population (N=1000) and based on the Cochran formula. The research measurement instruments included three questionnaires of Public Health (Goldenberg), Adults' Resilience Scale for Adults (Friborg et al.), and Job Satisfaction (Kendall & Hulin). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed by the experts and their reliability was calculated to be 95%, 89%, and 93% respectively. For data analysis, descriptive statistical methods (frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics including correlation and regression were used. The results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between components of resilience (personal qualification, social qualification, social support, family integrity, and personal structure) and mental health signs. Furthermore, a negative and significant relationship was observed between aspects of job satisfaction (occupation, supervisor, and colleagues) and mental health signs while there was no significant relationship between aspects of promotion and payment. Regression analysis results revealed that among predictor variables, the variables of personal qualification, social support, and personal structure have the potential to predict mental health symptoms. With respect to the research findings, the managers can have a positive impact on the betterment of their employees' resilience and job satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Contradictory allegories of the female face in the educational principles of Masnavi Manavi
Forough MansouriIn the field of Persian culture and literature, women have seen various and sometimes contradictory symbols and symbols. The transformation of this element according to the views of poets and writers, has led to the transformation of literary beliefs and texts and in so MoreIn the field of Persian culture and literature, women have seen various and sometimes contradictory symbols and symbols. The transformation of this element according to the views of poets and writers, has led to the transformation of literary beliefs and texts and in some ways has led to intertextual relations with the works and ideas of others. The purpose of this is that in addition to the positive roles of women, other symbolic elements such as: cunning, lust, intellect, etc. have played a great role in revealing negative mental allegories.The authors of this study have found Masnavi allegories about women in two different positions and based on more coherent concepts. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and by examining the allegorical roles of women in Masnavi Manavi.Based on this research, it is clear that in addition to the positive roles of women, other symbolic elements such as: cunning, lust, intellect, etc. have played a great role in revealing negative mental allegories that Rumi used as an allegory to express his intentions. And used the understanding of his point of view.The authors of this study have found Masnavi allegories about women in two different positions and based on more coherent concepts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Female reflection in Hormozgan Folk allegories (based on the folk tale’s which are compiled by Mohamad-Saleh Amiri)
Mohamad Saleh Amiri Peyman AhmadiFemale reflection in Hormozgan Folk allegories (based on the folk tale’s which are compiled by Mohamad-Saleh Amiri) This paper is an investigation on the status of women in the general culture of Hormozgan, based on the folk tales of Hormozgan. The folk allegories MoreFemale reflection in Hormozgan Folk allegories (based on the folk tale’s which are compiled by Mohamad-Saleh Amiri) This paper is an investigation on the status of women in the general culture of Hormozgan, based on the folk tales of Hormozgan. The folk allegories, as important narrative, are narrated in many societies by women. In these narrative’s, a clear image of the function, role and status of women is drawn; therefore, studying them can lead us to better understanding of the status of women and their lives. In this paper, data is collected in a library method of research, and allegories are reviewed using the qualitative analysis method. The necessity of this paper is to find out how the image of women is reflected in the general culture of Hormozgan. The main question of this paper is what status and function do women have in the opinion of the narrators of these folk allegories? In two parts, this study examines the political, economic, cultural and social activities of women in the folk allegories. The results of this paper show that although Hormozgan culture is male-dominated culture and gender inequality also restricts women's political, economic, cultural and social activities, women are more active in many cases, especially in the cultural and social spheres. Marriage for women is very important, and sometimes it is free to choose a spouse. The mythical mind of narrators of stories has led the role of women in functional and profound conflicting and contradictory structures.Women's stories simultaneously have different aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - A Survey of Women’s Place and Role in Nodbe, a Play by Bahram Beyzaee
Kavoos Hasanli, Shahin Haghighi,Nodbe is the one among Beyzaee's plays in which the women's role has clearly been distinguished. The events of this play are related to the Constitution-Revolution years and, in an afflicted and touching way, it shows the social and cultural disorders of that era. Brow MoreNodbe is the one among Beyzaee's plays in which the women's role has clearly been distinguished. The events of this play are related to the Constitution-Revolution years and, in an afflicted and touching way, it shows the social and cultural disorders of that era. Browsing through the work and surveying the characters’ dialogs and behavior, one can get an idea about the women's regrettable position and their constant humiliation in a patriarchal society. But these humiliations and treats can not prevent the women's awareness and protest. On the other hand, Nodbe is easily paraphrased. One can pass its superficially and restate all the characters, dialogs, actions and reactions, and locations of the work in a mysterious way, that is, based on its connotative meaning Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Study on political marriages; study on pre-Islamic period of Iran history*
Kamran Pashayi FakhriWoman has played the role of wife and mother besides man in Iran society. In the past unmarried woman was equal to infertility and an infertile woman was considered valueless; so the study of the marriage of women and related issues seem necessary. Although in some hist MoreWoman has played the role of wife and mother besides man in Iran society. In the past unmarried woman was equal to infertility and an infertile woman was considered valueless; so the study of the marriage of women and related issues seem necessary. Although in some historical periods, desires and will of woman in selection of her husband was honored but most of the marriages of convenience were done without considering desire of spouses and generally, woman left her family and she was transferred like a good and scapegoat from one tribe to other tribe and from one king harem to other king harem and most of her life was spent in the golden cages. This article tries to investigate samples of such marriages in Iran in pre-Islam period and in Persian literature in order to study the consequences of such attitude in the society by survey on the reasons for political marriages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Women in Molana's Works
Masoume Khodadadi MahabadThis paper tries to study Molana's views about women both in his prose and poetry (Masnavi , Fihmafih and Maktoobat or Letters), in his life- and behavior-related works, such as his Managheb- Ol- Arefin. In Masnavi Maanavi, Molana employs every possible thing, including MoreThis paper tries to study Molana's views about women both in his prose and poetry (Masnavi , Fihmafih and Maktoobat or Letters), in his life- and behavior-related works, such as his Managheb- Ol- Arefin. In Masnavi Maanavi, Molana employs every possible thing, including objects, vegetation, animals, and different human characters in order to create intellectual and mystical creatures in his stories. Examining women’s characters in these stories paves the way to figure out his ideas about women. Some of these women are universally known, such as Saint Mary and Asiya, and so on. Some of them are unknown but of mystical importance. In Fihmafih, one can find a lot about women based on which Molana’s view on women can be figured out. Goodness and badness of women’s character can be a subject of study in Fihmafih. Maktoobat (Letters) is regarded as one of the most important works to help get familiar with Molana’s thoughts and ideas. It should be noted that Maktoobat (Letters) is indeed Molana’s book of letters, including his memories and his private and social life. All these reveal lots of mysteries to understand Molana’s realities of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - The Role and Status of Women in the Sadeq Hedayat’s Novel, "Bufe Kour"
Fazel Abbaszadeh Naser AbbaszadehLiterature of every nation, in every period, is developed depending on social, political, economic and religious issues. However, the way that events are reproduced depends on the views, social status, and living environment of the author. Before the Mash route, women c MoreLiterature of every nation, in every period, is developed depending on social, political, economic and religious issues. However, the way that events are reproduced depends on the views, social status, and living environment of the author. Before the Mash route, women created by most literary works were extremely passive, and have limited and superficial imitator prospective. Additionally, in spite of increase in women's authority in the Misroute era, our literature was yet dominated by men and women have been marginalized to a subsidiary role. Regarding the important role of women in society today, the positive and negative attributes of women in "The Blind Owl" Sadeq Hedayat was reviewed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Originality of Women in the Poetry of Parvin Etesami
Ghasem Sahraee Mohammad KhosravishakibParvin Etesami is among the few famous female poets in Persian literature. Being influenced by the Islamic- Iranian culture, she analyzes the position of women in her contemporary era, and, addressing women, informs them of their capabilities and values. Reminding the MoreParvin Etesami is among the few famous female poets in Persian literature. Being influenced by the Islamic- Iranian culture, she analyzes the position of women in her contemporary era, and, addressing women, informs them of their capabilities and values. Reminding the women of the restrictions and difficulties they have undergone in the Iranian society, in her poems, Parvin attempts to present a realistic picture of women. She directly states that women should be regarded as the foundation and basis of life, and that it is through them that a comfortable life can be achieved. She believed that a man’s or a woman’s superiority is based on knowledge, skill, aptitude, mystical orientation, and chastity, and ignoring these factors causes their inferiority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Khatun hessari A survey on : women’s rights and their social status Based on the “Mathnavis works” in “Leily & Majnoon” and “Khosro & Shirin”
miresmaeel Ghazi ShirazWomen are actually our sisters, mothers, daughters and our “spouses” . From our perspectives (men), they are considered as the noblest, loveliest, most attractive and most “decent” humans on Earth. We, thus, accept no miss-conception, mistrust re MoreWomen are actually our sisters, mothers, daughters and our “spouses” . From our perspectives (men), they are considered as the noblest, loveliest, most attractive and most “decent” humans on Earth. We, thus, accept no miss-conception, mistrust regarding them. Since very old days, there have existed different opinions as regards women’s liberation and their equality of “Rights” with men. Unfortunately the origin of this misjudgment, and misinterpretation have been based on , somehow, unjust evaluation , in other words the misconception of so-called superiority of “man over women”. If this very ill-supposed implication is not justified, all men’s endeavor will presumably be misguided, and lead to social ambiguities. Nezami, in two of his Mathnavi’s works has successfully illustrated woman’s social status. He believes that Leily suffers from her family’s unfair and Arab ethnic tradition; while Shirin was trained and grown in fairly liberal, Iranian and Armenian culture. The conflicting characters of these Two women have been illustrated the Iranian poetry. Nezamy, has artistically illustrated the Iranian woman’s life; specially her freedom to select her spouse (husband) this is the most fundamental right for each person. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Woman in “Tarikh Beihaqi” and Joveini’s “Jahangoshay”
Mohammad Kazem Kahdouei Roqayeh HoseiniGhaznavi government is among the powerful Turk governments; “Tarikh Beihaqi” depicts the life of the kings and sultans, wars, compromises, gossips, and court rivalries in those days. One cannot find a lot about women and their position in “Tarikh Beiha MoreGhaznavi government is among the powerful Turk governments; “Tarikh Beihaqi” depicts the life of the kings and sultans, wars, compromises, gossips, and court rivalries in those days. One cannot find a lot about women and their position in “Tarikh Beihaqi”; yet, by studying the ideas and subjects in the book, one is lead to get some points about women’s, especially court women’s, characteristics in the Ghaznavid’s era. Joveini’s “Jahangoshay” is an important book in Mogul era. In this book, besides the Moguls’ conditions, the writer has dealt a little with the events during the Kharazmid’s, Ayobid’s, and Fatimid’s eras. There is no doubt that Joveini’s “Jahangoshay” is one of the richest, first-hand sources about the women’s conditions during the Mogul era. This paper is an attempt to elaborate on the position and status of women during the Ghaznavid’s and Mogul’s eras. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Effectiveness of self- compassion therapy on loneliness and emotion regulation of damaged women from marital infidelity
Zahra DashtbozorgiThe aim of this research was to study the effect of self- compassion therapy on loneliness and emotion regulation of damaged women from marital infidelity in Ahvaz. This research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group with an half and a mo MoreThe aim of this research was to study the effect of self- compassion therapy on loneliness and emotion regulation of damaged women from marital infidelity in Ahvaz. This research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group with an half and a month flow up. The sample included 20 damaged women (10 women in group control and 10 women in group experimental) they were selected by available method. They were requested to answer loneliness scale Dahshiry,Borjali, Shaykh, Habiby,1378) and emotion regulation scale (Garnefski & Karaaij, Spinhoven, 2002). For analyzing the results, we used covariance (MANCOVA). The results of data analysis showed that self- compassion therapy caused the decrease of loneliness and the increase emotion regulation of experimental group of women in comparison to the witness groups and result after one month was permanent (p<0.01) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - The Effect of Schema Therapy on Extramarital Relationships and Domestic Violence in Women with Emotional Divorce
hosein kiaee rad Reza pasha parviz askary behnam makvandiThis study aimed to investigate the effect of schema therapy on extramarital relationships and domestic violence in women with emotional divorce. The research method was semi experimental with pre-protest, follow-up and control group. The statistical population of this MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of schema therapy on extramarital relationships and domestic violence in women with emotional divorce. The research method was semi experimental with pre-protest, follow-up and control group. The statistical population of this study was women with emotional divorce referred to counseling centers and social emergency centers in 123 Dezful of County. 40 women with emotional divorce who obtained above 8 score on this scale were selected as a sample by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of 20 participants (experimental and control). For the experimental group, schema therapy was performed in 16 sessions in 2 months. Emotional Divorce Scale (Gottman, Gottman & Silver, 1995), Domestic Violence against Women Scale (Haj-Yahia, 1999), and Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale (Whatley, 2012) were used as the evaluation tools in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software version 24 using analysis variance of with repeated measures. The results showed that schema therapy is effective in reducing extramarital relationships and domestic violence, and this result was stable in the follow-up phase (p <0.01). According to the results obtained, and the continuation of its effect in the follow-up phase, the use of schema therapy is recommended to reduce extramarital affairs and domestic violence in women involved in emotional divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - The Study of Comparetive Efficacy of Group Cognitive Therapy Based on Rational Emotive Behavior Technique With Homeopathy Method on Women's Depression Disoreler
فرناز نوابیفر اصغر آقایی ویکتوریا عمرانیفرد حمید افشار زنجانی پدرام معینیThe aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Rational– Emotive Behaviour Techniques and Homeopathy in the treatment of Depression. For this reason, among the patients consulting to Isfahan psychiatric clinic (Noor), having obta MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Rational– Emotive Behaviour Techniques and Homeopathy in the treatment of Depression. For this reason, among the patients consulting to Isfahan psychiatric clinic (Noor), having obtained a score between to on the Beck' s Depression Inventory, and further diagnosed by a psychiatrist assessment to have been suffering from Depression, female patients were selected and assigned to experimental groups randomly. weekly sessions of Cognitive Group Therapy based on Rational– Emotive Behavioral techniques was administered to the experimental group . The subjects of Homeopathy group by kind permission of the psychiatrist were referred to the homeopath and treated by the homeopathic remedies for months ,individually. At the end of interventions, the Beck's Depression Inventory was administered to both experimental groups as post-test for the second time. The measuring instruments were: Psychiatric assessment, Demographic questionnaire and Beck's Depression Inventory. Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including: Frequency, Frequency percentage, Covariance and dependent T- test. The results of data analysis revealed that both therapeutic methods were effective in the treatment of Depression (P ≥ ). No differences among treatment conditions at post-test were observed (P ≥ ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - The Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Group Training on Perceived Stress in Women with Breast Cancer in Isfahan
مهتاب شصت فولادی غلامرضا منشئیThe aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation group training on perceived stress symptoms in women with breast cancer. The research was semi- experimental with pre-test – posttest design and a follow-up. The population included all MoreThe aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion regulation group training on perceived stress symptoms in women with breast cancer. The research was semi- experimental with pre-test – posttest design and a follow-up. The population included all the women who were diagnosed with less-than-a-year breast cancer. From among them, thirty women, who were referred to the Charity Center in Isfahan, volunteered to participate in the study, were sampled, and were randomly assigned to experimental group and control group. The former received emotion regulation group training, while the latter did not receive any training. The experimental group received training in 8 sessions (two 45-minute sessions a week). All participants answered the items related to stress in Depressive Anxiety Stress Scale-21 before and after training. Analysis of covariance was used to analyse data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the scores of experimental group and those of control group (P<0.05). Therefore, emotion regulation group training significantly reduced the symptoms of perceived stress in women with breast cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - The Effect of ReligiousâBased Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Resiliency in Couples
zeinab kaviani Najmeh Hamid Mirsalahedin EnayatiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of religious–based cognitive–behavioral therapy on resiliency in couples. The research employed a quasi–experimental method with a pretest and posttest design. The population consisted of all married women refe MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of religious–based cognitive–behavioral therapy on resiliency in couples. The research employed a quasi–experimental method with a pretest and posttest design. The population consisted of all married women referred to district 1 counseling center in Karaj city. 30 women with low resiliency were selected by available sampling through Kanner and Davidson resiliency Questionnaire (2003), and randomly assigned to an experimental (15 subjects) and a control group (15 subjects). The experimental group received 10 sessions of religious-based cognitive–behavioral therapy, each forty five minutes which held twice a week. During this period no intervention was given to the control group. Resiliency questionnaire was administered again as the post test. The co-variance analysis revealed that religious-based cognitive–behavioral therapy was significantly related to the increase of resiliency (P < 0.0001). The findings of religious- based cognitive-behavioral therapy can be considered as a significant and effective method in increasing resiliency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - The Effectiveness of Group Logotherapy on the Sense of Loneliness of Elderly Women Resident in Nursing Home
Shayesteh Zanjiran Leila Keyani Maryam Zare Zeynab shayeghianThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group logotherapy on the sense of loneliness of elderly women resident in nursing homes. The sample was selected from all elderly women resident in nursing homes in Shahriyar County using convenience sampli MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group logotherapy on the sense of loneliness of elderly women resident in nursing homes. The sample was selected from all elderly women resident in nursing homes in Shahriyar County using convenience sampling and then participants were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. Then the experimental group received 10 sessions of group logotherapy for 5 weeks (a two-hour session, twice a week) while the control group did not receive any intervention. Our data collection instrument was the Revised Loneliness Scale (Russell et al,1980) and a covariance was used for data analysis. The findings of this study showed that group logotherapy significantly decreased the sense of loneliness in experimental group (P < 0/001). Accordingly, we can say that group logotherapy is effective in reducing the sense of loneliness of elderly women and so professionals can apply treatments of this kind to promote mental health of the elderly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Effectiveness of dialectical behavioral group therapy on psychological distress in infertile women in Isfahan
marjan sheikhsajadieh hamid atashpuorThe aim of this study was determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the psychological distress in infertile women in city of Isfahan. The study population included all women referring to Infertility Center of Isfahan. After administering pre-test to MoreThe aim of this study was determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on the psychological distress in infertile women in city of Isfahan. The study population included all women referring to Infertility Center of Isfahan. After administering pre-test to both experimental and control groups by Psychological Distress Inventory questionnaire (Kslrv et al., 2003). The experimental group received 8 weekly sessions of dialectical behavioral group therapy and control group did not received any treatment. Then, post-test was administered by the same instrument to both groups. The data were analyzed by Covariance test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results showed that the training of dialectical behavior group therapy is effectiveness on psychological distress ininfertile women in Isfahan (P < /span>< 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - The Effectiveness of Muscular Relaxation on Depression, Anxiety and blood glucose in Type I diabetic women
Farah NaderiThis study aimed to assess the effect of relaxation on depression, anxiety and HbA1c in type I diabetic women. In this study which was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group, the population was all type I diabetic women which referred to the Dia MoreThis study aimed to assess the effect of relaxation on depression, anxiety and HbA1c in type I diabetic women. In this study which was a quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group, the population was all type I diabetic women which referred to the Diabetes Clinic in Kermanshah. The 24 of patients were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. For pre-test the scores of Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger anxiety and HbA1c tests were recorded. Then the experimental group during a nine-week (twice a week) participated in relaxation session and after three month subjects in both groups were post-tested. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Levene Test, analysis of covariance were used. In the post test there was no significant difference in average depression scores of two groups (p= 3.07) but, trait anxiety average, state anxiety average and blood glucose of experimental group were decreased significantly in comparison to pre-test (p= 34.14, p= 11.16, p= 10.8). So, it concluded that relaxation decreases anxiety and helps to better control of blood glucose in type I diabetic women but, this technique which has been used in this study was not effective in reducing depression in these patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Emotional Eating among Obese Women
لیلی نوریان اصغر آقایی مریم قربانیThe purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional eating of obese women in Isfahan. The research used a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a one month follow up. Through convenience MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional eating of obese women in Isfahan. The research used a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a one month follow up. Through convenience sampling method, 30 women with an obesity diagnosis were selected and then, were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. All participants completed the Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire (Forman & Herbert, 2009) before intervention, at the end of the intervention and one month after intervention. The intervention involved 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy, each lasting for 90 minutes, which were administered only to the experimental group. Results of covariance analysis showed a significant decrease in the amount of emotional eating in the eating behavior subscale at the post-test, and follow up stages (P < 0.05). In the eating desire subscale, there was a significant difference between the mean of experimental group and control group only in the follow up stage (P < 0.05). The findings of this study confirmed the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional eating of obese women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - The Effect of Counseling Approach Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Amount of Marital Attributions and Marital Satisfaction in Women Admitted to Isfahan Cultural Centers
raheleh sobouhi maryam fatehizade ahmad ahmadi ozra etemadiThe purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of counseling approach based on acceptance and commitment therapy on amount of marital attributions and marital satisfaction in women. This was a quasi-exrimental study with pretest-posttest design and a contr MoreThe purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of counseling approach based on acceptance and commitment therapy on amount of marital attributions and marital satisfaction in women. This was a quasi-exrimental study with pretest-posttest design and a control group.The population included women admitted to Isfahan cultural centers in 2014 Then, 30 women were selected through available sampling and were randomly placed into two experimental and control groups.Experimental group received counseling based on ACT that involved 10 sessions, lasting 2 hours each. Questionnaire was marital attribution Bradbury & Fincham (1992) and Enrich questionnaire and data were analyzed by covariance test. The results showed that counseling approach based on ACT,on overal marital attribution(P <0/01) and its dimensions suchEvidence of stable and unstable (P <0/01), general and specific attribution (P<0/01) and reprehensible –forgiveness attribution (P<0/01) and the attribution of intentional and unintentional (P<0/01) has been effective but in its internal and external dimensions of attribution, internal and external attribution to the spouseAnd attribution selfish and altruistic is not effective and not cause a significant difference.The counseling approach based on ACT, is significantly affected onmarital satisfactionandits dimensions (satisfaction, communication, conflict resolution, distortionideal) (P<0/01). Therefore, the study concluded that counseling aproach based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can improve marital attribution and marital satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - The Effecttivness of self-compassion on the intimacy attitudes and divorce tendency of Women refering to family counselling
zahra Dasht Bozorgi Mehrana Askary Parviz AskaryThe aim of this research was to study the effect of self-compassion on the intimacy attitudes and divorce tendency of women refering to family consoling. This study was quesi experimental with pretest, post test and control group. The sample include 30 Womens (15 Womens MoreThe aim of this research was to study the effect of self-compassion on the intimacy attitudes and divorce tendency of women refering to family consoling. This study was quesi experimental with pretest, post test and control group. The sample include 30 Womens (15 Womens in group control and 15 Womens in experimental group). They were selected voluntary. They were requested to answer intimacy attitudes scale and divorce tendency questionnaire. For analyzing the results, it was used covariance. The results of data analysis showed that self-compassion caused in increase of intimacy attitudes and deacrease of divorce tendency of experimental group of women in comparison to the witness groups (p< 0/001). Since the divorce rate is increasing in our country, this therapeutic approach can help couples to increase marital adjustment and prevents divorce through various effective solution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Predicting Marital Happiness Based on self-compassion and Flourishing in Married women
زهرا شفیعی Rezvavsadat JazayeriIn this study the role of self-compassion and flourishing as predictors for marital happiness was investigated. For this purpose, 140 married women Isfahan city were selected by available sampling method and and Marital Happiness Scale (Tgryan, 1387), Self-Compassion (N MoreIn this study the role of self-compassion and flourishing as predictors for marital happiness was investigated. For this purpose, 140 married women Isfahan city were selected by available sampling method and and Marital Happiness Scale (Tgryan, 1387), Self-Compassion (Neff, 2003) and Flourishing (Diener, 2009) responded. Data was analyzed by using multiple regression analysis Results showed that flourishing and self- compassion were capable of predicting the Marital happiness but among the six subscales of self-compassion (self- kindness, self–judgment, common humanity, mindfulness, isolation and over-identification) only variable mindfulness predicted marital happiness. As a result can marital happiness married women based on personality traits (self- compassion and flourishing) they explained (p <0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - Effectivness of Acceptane and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on marital satisfaction on depressive women With marital confilicts
الهام محمدی فرناز کشاورزی ارشدی ولی الله فرزاد مهدیه صالحیThe purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital satisfaction among depressive women in Isfahan. The research used a quasi- experimental method with a pretest-posttest design and a three-month follow up. For MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on marital satisfaction among depressive women in Isfahan. The research used a quasi- experimental method with a pretest-posttest design and a three-month follow up. For this purpose, 40 subjects were selected via purposive sampling from the women who referred to psychological clinics. They were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. Both groups completed ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale (Olson, 1987) for marital satisfaction and Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1979) for depression before and after the training (10 sessions, 2 hours each) and also 3 months later. Results of covariance analysis showed a significant increase in overall marital satisfaction at the post test and follow up stage (P<0.002). The findings of this study confirmed the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on overall marital satisfaction among depressed women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Comparison of spirituality in women with depression, anxiety and normal people
fereshteh hajmohammadi hamid taher neshat doostThe present study compared the spirituality of three group of women with depression, anxiety and normal control. The subjects consisted of women with depression, anxiety and normal. With the use of available sampling30 depressed women and 30 anxious women who referred t MoreThe present study compared the spirituality of three group of women with depression, anxiety and normal control. The subjects consisted of women with depression, anxiety and normal. With the use of available sampling30 depressed women and 30 anxious women who referred to consulting centers in Isfahan in year 2014, were referred to the researchers; Also 30 normal women without the history of psychiatric disorders were selected. The questions were consisted of the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Spirituality tendency inventory. Results of analysis of variance showed the difference between the three groups of depressed, anxious and normal people was significant in spirituality(p<0.01). Also, the spirituality of normal women were higher than women with depression or anxiety (p<0/04). But there was no significant difference between the two group depressed and anxious (p<0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - The compare between divorced women's quality of life and undivorced women in Shiraz city and the study of Relationship between demographic variables of divorced women and their quality of life
لیلا حفاریان اصغر آقایی محمد باقر کجباف منوچهر کامکارThe aim of this research was compare between divorced women's quality of life and undivorced women in Shiraz city and study of Relationship between demographic variables of divorced women and their quality of life. Statistics society of this research selected among all MoreThe aim of this research was compare between divorced women's quality of life and undivorced women in Shiraz city and study of Relationship between demographic variables of divorced women and their quality of life. Statistics society of this research selected among all divorced women whom referred to the family court in Shiraz city and 24 months before the starting of this research their definite divorce verdict had been issued and also all undivorced women whom lived normally with their husbands. In this regard were selected availably sabject method 65 people among divorced women and also 63 people among undivorced women whom were the same aspects in view of age criteria, level of education and living places. Research tool include questionnaire conclude 26 question about the quality of life which has been provided by world health organization=α) 0.68) and another questionnaire of demographic had been made by researchers herself. Yielded data were analyzed by statistical analysis t and F by using the software SPSS11.5. The results showed that the average grades with all its aspects of quality of life (physical health, psychological cognition, social relation and environment of living) of divorced women are lower than undivorced women meaningly. (P < 0.01).in data analyses of between demographic variables , the variables of divorce causes, number of offspring, extention of a common life and the extention of life have not any meaningful relation with dimensions of quality of life, but in the education variable, and in the age variable (of recognition dimension and social relation), there is meaningful statistical differences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Comparison of Health Promoting Lifestyle of Female Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with Healthy Women and Relationship with Demographic
اسماعیل خیرجو حسن احدی فرهاد جمهریThe main purpose of this research were to study health- promotion lifestyle (HPL) of female rheumatoid arthritis patients in comparison with healthy women and to determine the relationship between demographic factors (including age, disease duration, income, and educati MoreThe main purpose of this research were to study health- promotion lifestyle (HPL) of female rheumatoid arthritis patients in comparison with healthy women and to determine the relationship between demographic factors (including age, disease duration, income, and education) and lifestyles of these patients. With available sampling in 2011(1389s.c) in the city of Tabriz, 105 female rheumatoid arthritis patients and 105 healthy women participated in the research. Research instruments included a researcher made demographic questionnaire and Health Promoting Lifestyles Profile: || (Walker, Sechrist&Pender,1987). The data were analyzed by applying t- test for independent groups and multiple analyses of Variance. The data indicated that the healthy women had higher overall scores on the total HPL and six subscales than rheumatoid arthritis patients. Furthermore, based on t- test result, significant differences were observed between the overall rheumatoid arthritis patients HPL scores and healthy females except in stress management dimension(p < 0.01). According to the results of regression analysis, 0.28 percent of the variance in the patients PHL can be explained by the demographic factor of education. These findings, it may be suggested that professionals encourage rheumatoid arthritis patients to practice in health- promo/ting behaviors with appropriate interventional and education methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Relationship between Overweight with Self â Esteem Depression, Life Style and Body â Self in Self â Referred Woman to Weight Decrease Centers
محسن گلپرور محسن گلپرور منوچهر کامکار منوچهر کامکار بیتا ریسمانچیانAbstract :This research administered with the aim of investigate relation between overweight in self–referred woman to weight decrease centers with self– esteem, depression, life style and body–self in Isfahan city. For reach to research aims, in spring mounts of year, MoreAbstract :This research administered with the aim of investigate relation between overweight in self–referred woman to weight decrease centers with self– esteem, depression, life style and body–self in Isfahan city. For reach to research aims, in spring mounts of year, persons of self– referred woman to decrease or control weight centers (from three private doctor's office) selected with the use of simple random sampling. The questionnaires which used in this research were: Cooper Smit's self esteem questionnaire, Tam Cash's body–self questionnaire, Beck s depression questionnaire and life style questionnaire. The overweight measured with using difference between ideal weight and current weight (that is, the time of refer to decrease weight center). The cronbach s alpha for the research instruments were (for self – esteem), (for depression), (for life style) and (for body–self) respectively. The data analyzed with using Pearson's correlation coefficient, enter and stepwise regression analysis. The results of data analysis revealed that overweight only have significant relation with depression (r = , P < ) , with subjective weight (r = , P < ) and with appearance evaluation (r = , P < ). In enter regression, subjective weight and fitness orientation (two subscale of body–self questionnaire) have significant predictive power for prediction of overweight and stepwise regression analysis showed that subjective weight, fitness orientation and appearance evaluation, respectively have significant predictive power for prediction of overweight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - The Effect of Men\'s Emotional Intelligence on Violence against Women among Married Couples
tayebe jafarian mansour fathi malihe arshi ramezanali ghaderiThe purpose of the present research was to determine the effect of men's emotional intelligence on violence against women among married couples in Tabas. The research method was correlational. The population included all married couples who had at least one year of m MoreThe purpose of the present research was to determine the effect of men's emotional intelligence on violence against women among married couples in Tabas. The research method was correlational. The population included all married couples who had at least one year of marital life in Tabas in 2014. From among them, 230 married couples (230 females and 230 males) were randomly selected via multi-stage cluster sampling from 5 areas of the city. Male partners completed Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Bradberry & Greaves, 2003) and female partners completed Violence against Women Questionnaire (Haj Yahia, 1999). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multi steps regression analysis. The results showed that the components of self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management had significant effect on violence against women (P<0.01). Based on these results, men with high emotional intelligence impose less violent against their wives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - The Effect of Fordyce Happiness Training on Depression of Sponsorless Women in Isfahan
monir farzadfar hosin molavi hamid atashporAbstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Fordyce happiness training on the extent of depression in women without sponsors. Therefore, sponsorless women diagnosed as depressed by the physician and those pretested were randomly selected fr MoreAbstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Fordyce happiness training on the extent of depression in women without sponsors. Therefore, sponsorless women diagnosed as depressed by the physician and those pretested were randomly selected from among all the depressed women and assigned to two groups Training and Control. The Beck Depression Inventory and Oxford Happiness Scale were administered to all the subjects as the pre- and post-tests. A demographic questionnaire was also given to the subjects. Seven weekly sessions of happiness training, minutes each, were given to the training group. The control group did not receive training. The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was significantly more reduction in the mean depression scores of the training group than in the control group (P≤ ). Also there was significantly more increase in the mean happiness scores of the training group than in the control group (P≤ ). Therefore, the hypotheses of the research were confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Prediction of depression based on cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital satisfaction in women
somayeh mardani hoseinali mehrabiThe study aimed to predict depression by cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital satisfaction in women. The study population consisted of all married women in Isfahan, from among them 400 persons were selected by simple random sampling.. Data were collected MoreThe study aimed to predict depression by cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital satisfaction in women. The study population consisted of all married women in Isfahan, from among them 400 persons were selected by simple random sampling.. Data were collected through a four questionnaire including Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski, 2001), Enrich Marital Satisfaction (Fowers & Olson, 1989), DASS-21 Questionnaire (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) and demographic characteristics. - Results of regression analysis showed marital relatives 17.7%, Catastrophizing 11.6%, other blame 4.4%, positive refocusing 3.5%, education 1.6%, self-blame 1.2%, friends 0.9% and these seven variables anticipated 40.9% of depression. According to the results, Catastrophizing, other blame, positive refocusing and self-blame among cognitive emotion regulation strategies and marital relatives and friends among levels of marital satisfaction can be assumed as structures that are related to depression symptoms in married women and study them as an important factor in relation to prevention and treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - The Effect of Solution-focused Counseling on Sexual Satisfaction and Family Function among Women in Isfahan
vahideh mofid maryam fatehi zadeh ahmad ahmadi ozra etemadiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused counseling on sexual satisfaction and family function of women in Isfahan. The study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, experimental group and control group design. The populat MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of solution-focused counseling on sexual satisfaction and family function of women in Isfahan. The study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, experimental group and control group design. The population included women holding at least a high school diploma about 20-40 years old who referred to counseling centers at least one year after their marriage in 2013. From among them, 30 women were selected randomly and placed in experimental and control group. The research instruments were Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire LSSQ (Larson, 1998) and Family Functioning Scale FFS, (Mark L. Tavithian, 1987). Solution-focused counseling was applied to experimental group through six two-hour sessions. The data were analyzed by the analysis of covariance through SPSS. Results revealed that solution-focused counseling was effective in sexual satisfaction of women and family's function (P<0.01). As a result this method can be used in prevention and improvement of sexual and family problems of women in counseling centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - The Effect of Forgiveness-based Group Counseling on Adjustment and Quality of Life in Women Referring to Counseling Centers in Najafabad Town
لیلا شیاسی Felor KhayatanThe present study aimed to examine the effect of forgiveness-based group counseling on adjustment and quality of life in women referring to counseling centers in Najafabad town. The research was semi-empirical with pretest-posttest and control group design. Statistical MoreThe present study aimed to examine the effect of forgiveness-based group counseling on adjustment and quality of life in women referring to counseling centers in Najafabad town. The research was semi-empirical with pretest-posttest and control group design. Statistical population included women with marital problems who were referred to counseling centers in Najafabad town in the Spring of 2014. At first, 3 out of 5 counseling centers in Najafabad were selected through simple sampling method. Then, 36 persons were selected through convenience sampling method as the sample and were randomly assigned into one experimental and one control group (each group, 18 persons). After administering pretest to both experimental and control groups by Social Adjustment Questionnaire (Bell, 1961) and Quality of life Scale (World Health Organization, 1996), the experimental group received 8 weekly sessions of forgiveness-based counseling training. Finally, posttest was administered by the same measures to both groups. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that forgiveness-based counseling had a significant effect on quality of life (P≤0.05). Also, the training had a significant effect on improving womens’s adjustment (P≤0.01). The results of the study may be used to improve women’s adjustment and quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - The Effect of Emotionally-Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) on loneliness of hurt women from infidelity in Salmas city
Shahriar Fatemi Asl Mahmoud Goudarzi Parviz Karimi Sani AliReza BoostanipourThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of emotionally-focused couples therapy (EFCT) on loneliness of hurt women from infidelity. It was a semi-experimental in form of pre & post test in addition follow up group was applied. The statistical population inclu MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of emotionally-focused couples therapy (EFCT) on loneliness of hurt women from infidelity. It was a semi-experimental in form of pre & post test in addition follow up group was applied. The statistical population included all the women who referred to Family Counselling center in Salmas city in related with infidelity. In among of them 20 women who had extra point in Russell’s Loneliness Inventory were selected then they were randomly assigned to control and treatment group. Then treatment group underwent eight sessions (90 minutes) weekly about two months, instructional program on emotionally focused therapy strategies. For control group didn’t give any train . Results of analysis of covariance showed that There was menacingly difference between two groups(P≤ 05) and The average of treatment group was lower than control group. Results in follow up showed that the effect of emotionally-focused couples therapy remained after two months. It was concluded that emotionally-focused couples therapy (EFCT) can play a significant role in decreasing of hurt women from infidelity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - The Effect of Couple Therapy based on Imago Relationship Therapy (IRT) on quality of marital relationship in married women
hossein matin Nasser Yoosefi mahya solgi masoumeh arjmand mazidiThis study was conducted aimed at investigating the effect of couple therapy based Imago Relationship Therapy (IRT) on quality of marital relationship in married women. The research method was semi-experimental (pre-test -post-test with control group). The statistical p MoreThis study was conducted aimed at investigating the effect of couple therapy based Imago Relationship Therapy (IRT) on quality of marital relationship in married women. The research method was semi-experimental (pre-test -post-test with control group). The statistical population of this study was married women with marital conflict referring to Hamedan counseling centers in 2018. To select the sample size, 30 women were selected through convenience and purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental (15 member) and control (15 member) groups. the experimental group received treatment for 8 sessions of a 90-minute weekly treatment, and the control group received no intervention during this period. To collect data, the instrument of perceived Relationship Quality Components (PRQC) were employed. The collected data was analyzed using multivariate covariance. Based on the results of multivariable covariance analysis of data, it can be said that Imago Relationship Therapy significantly increases the quality of marital relationship dimensions and all six sub-scales (satisfaction of relationship, trust, commitment, passion and love, intimacy and love) have been made (P<0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Group Training on the Psychopathological Symptoms in Fat Women
asghar kamran Mehrdad havazadeh kamal moghtadaei Asieyeh AbrahiemiThis study intended to investigate the effectiveness of Mmindfulness group training on the psychopathological symptoms in fat women. The researcher employed a semi-experimental method-ology with pre-post-test using available sampling. The participants were 25 fat women MoreThis study intended to investigate the effectiveness of Mmindfulness group training on the psychopathological symptoms in fat women. The researcher employed a semi-experimental method-ology with pre-post-test using available sampling. The participants were 25 fat women from Isfahan provenience. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups.The researcher used(SCL-90) questionnaire .The results of covariance analysis indicated that mindfulness group training of fat woman was effective on pathological symptoms. Moreover, dimensions on psychopathology showed that the effectiveness of group learning mindfulness on anxiety and obsession was not significantl in post-test. However, it was significant in follow up stage(p<0/05) The effectiveness of group learning on depression and somatization was also meaningful(p<0/05). Key words: group learning, mindfulness, psychopathological symptom, fat women Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - The Coping Styles of Betrayed Women:A Qualitative Study
maryam tavallaei Mohammad Hossein fallah Ronak Ashghi nogorani Seyed Alireza AfshaniThe purpose of this research was to study the coping styles of betrayed women in a qualitative way. This study employed a qualitative approach along with the phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between 22-57 years old who confered on Isfahan counselin MoreThe purpose of this research was to study the coping styles of betrayed women in a qualitative way. This study employed a qualitative approach along with the phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between 22-57 years old who confered on Isfahan counseling centers in late third quarter of 1396 and early four months of 1397 and selected through purposive sampling and were investigated by a semi-structured interview. To analyze the data, open, axial and selective coding was used. analysis resulted in 3 main themes of coping styles: inflexible, inactive, active. For each of themes, three subthemes were created including inflexible(anxiety, ruminative and comparative), inactive(avoiding, submitting and distracting) and active(supporting, participatory and agreementory). The results showed that the coping styles do not experience similarly by all betrayed women. Some factors such as how revealing infidelity, the quality of marital relationships, religious beliefs, social and family supports and existence of children had an important effect on coping styles. Given the fact that the findings have been elicited out of a native study, they may play a vital role in developing the intervention packages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy Based on Mindfulness on Fear of Delivery in Primiparous Women
maryam aminolroayaee Asghar AghaeiThe objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. This was a semi-experimental research, having a pretest-posttest design, a control group and one-month follow MoreThe objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. This was a semi-experimental research, having a pretest-posttest design, a control group and one-month follow up period. The statistical population of this research was including all of primiparous pregnant women in spring 2017 in Isfahan city (Amin hospital). Of this statistical population, 40 individuals were selected using convenience sampling method and placed in two control (20 individuals) and test (20 individuals) groups. The tool used in this research was an Attitude Towards Childbirth Questionnaire (Harmen, 1998. Before performing the interventions, pre-tests were done for both of the groups. After ending the sessions, post-test and one-month follow-up period were done. Results analysis using covariance analysis test showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective on fear of childbirth in primiparous women (P<0. 05). Moreover, the results of follow-up period showed that the training of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has a lifetime effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Fasting Plasma sugar and Self-efficacy in women with type 2 diabetes
Leila Mohaddes Shakouri Ganjavi Hasan Ahadi farhad jomehri Javad KhalatbariThis research aimed to assess the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on fasting blood sugar level and self-efficacy in type II diabetic women. Research methodology was quasi-experimental with pre & post-test, and follow-up (3 months) with a control group. S MoreThis research aimed to assess the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on fasting blood sugar level and self-efficacy in type II diabetic women. Research methodology was quasi-experimental with pre & post-test, and follow-up (3 months) with a control group. Statistical population was all type II diabetic women, who referred to the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Thirty female diabetic patients were selected by convenient sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups, experimental group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). General Self-efficacy Scale (Sherer and Maddux, 1982) and Fasting Blood Sugar Test were used in the pre-test stage. Then, the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of therapy while the control group received no intervention. Finally, both groups were subjected to post-test and follow-up (3 months). Data analysis for the self-efficacy variable was done using the univariate analysis of covariance and repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data obtained through pre and post-meal blood sugar tests. Findings showed that after treatments there was a significant difference between test and control group. So that in experimental group, the mean score of self-efficacy and fasting blood sugar level increased and decreased, respectively, compared to the control (p < 0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - The role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and coping styles in prediction of rumination in women (who referred to Health Houses of district 14 in Tehran)
Farzane Rezaei simindokht rezakhaniThe purpose of this study was to predict the rumination in women on the basis of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and coping styles. The research was descriptive and correlational. All women who referred to Health Houses of district 14 in Tehran in autumn 2013 co MoreThe purpose of this study was to predict the rumination in women on the basis of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and coping styles. The research was descriptive and correlational. All women who referred to Health Houses of district 14 in Tehran in autumn 2013 comprised the study population. Sample size was 260 people who were selected voluntarily. Questionnaires of Rumination Response Scale (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991), Cognitive Emotion Regulation (Garnefski, 2006) and Coping Strategies (Rezakhani, 1388) were completed by sample group. The data was ananlyzied through standard multiple regression and the following results were optained: The components of cognitive emotion regulation predicted 37% and coping strategies 13/9% rumination variance in studied population. The findings also showed that among of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, the components of self- blaming and rumination are predicted positively and significantly (p<./0001) and component of acceptance is predicted negatively and significantly (p<./0001) and emotional- oriented coping strategy predict the rumination in women positively and significantly (p<./0001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) therapy on ineffective communication beliefs and marital adjustment of discordant women
maryam akhavan gholami mozhgan hayatiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of admission and commitment therapy on ineffective communication beliefs and marital adjustment of incompatible women. The research design was semi experimental design with pretest-post test with control gro MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of admission and commitment therapy on ineffective communication beliefs and marital adjustment of incompatible women. The research design was semi experimental design with pretest-post test with control group. The statistical population were all of women with marital conflict and marital conflicts referred to the Razi Counseling Center of Karaj in the summer of 1396. From this population, 30 subject were selected through available sampling method and placed in two experimental and control groups (15). The experimental group received acceptance and commitment treatment in eight 90-minute treatment sessions. The instrument of measurement in this study was the Communicational Beliefs Questionnaire (Idlerson and Epstein, 1981) and Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (Spinner, 1976). In order to analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance was used with SPSS (24). Findings showed that acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on the dimensions of communication beliefs (Dissolving Opposition Belief, Invariability in Spouse, Belief in Anticipation of Mind, Belief in Sexual Perfectionism and Belief in Gender Differences) and Marital Satisfaction (Couple Satisfaction, Pair dependence, Pair Agreement, Affection) (p <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - The Effectiveness of Training Towards Parenting Program on Improvement of Attachment and Perceived Social Support in Primipara Women
sajedeh sokhanvar ali kimiaee zohreh sepehri shamlooThe present study has done to investigate the effictivness of training towards parenting program on improvement of perceived social support and attachment in primipara women at neishabour city. Method of study was semi-experimental that has been conducted with pre-test, MoreThe present study has done to investigate the effictivness of training towards parenting program on improvement of perceived social support and attachment in primipara women at neishabour city. Method of study was semi-experimental that has been conducted with pre-test, post-test and control group. Population of study concludes all of referring primipara women to healthy centers in 2015 at Neishabour. Sample of study concludes 70 referring primipara women to 6 health centers of Neishabour, among them 16 cases were suitable that arranged in 2 groups of experimental & control (8 for each one) randomly. Examinees responsed to the quessionaries of Social Support (Zimet & et al, 1988) and Attachment Style (Collins & Read, 1990). The Towards Parenting Program was thought in 8 Sessions (1hour 30 minutes). For measurement of social support has used Multidimensional Scale of Percieved Social Support (MSPSS) included 12 questions and for measurement of attachment style has used Collins & Read Attachment Style quessionary included 18 questions. The results indicate that group education of Towards Parenting Program doesn’t have significant effectiveness on improvement of attachment style and social support in primipara women. Because of being educational and few numbers of sessions, Towards Parenting Program cannot lead to improvement of perceived social support and change of avoidant and anxious attachment style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - The Effecte of Positive Psychology Based Intervention on Marital Satisfaction of Women Injured from betrayal
Roghaye Zolrahim, shahram vahedi Naeimeh MohebThis study was conducted to determine the effect of a positive psychology-based intervention on the marital satisfaction of women injured from betrayal. The statistical population includes all women affected by the betrayal of Tabriz in 2019 who they thet were referred MoreThis study was conducted to determine the effect of a positive psychology-based intervention on the marital satisfaction of women injured from betrayal. The statistical population includes all women affected by the betrayal of Tabriz in 2019 who they thet were referred to the Behzisty Advisory Centers by the Provincial Justice for consultation that 30 of them were selected using available sampling method and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in each group). Both groups completed the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale as pre-test and post-test. Eight sessions of group-based positive psychology (two sessions a week for 4 weeks) were administered to the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance in SPSS.20 software. Positive psychology-based intervention compared to control group on marital satisfaction (p=0.001, F2=0.89), relationship (p=0.001, F2=0.72), conflict resolution (p=0.001, F2=0.69) and ideal distortion (p=0.001, F2=0.54) of the women injured from betrayal. Training in this approach is recommended to improve the marital satisfaction of women injured from betrayal Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - The effectiveness of Aerobics Exercise on happiness and willing to communicate in depressed women
najmeh hamid Mojtaba AHMADI FARSANI leila BakhsiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aerobics exercise on happiness and willing to communicate in depressed women. The research method was experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population consisted of depressed MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aerobics exercise on happiness and willing to communicate in depressed women. The research method was experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population consisted of depressed women who referred to counseling centers and psychiatric offices in 2017. Based on clinical interviews, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, obtaining a standard deviation higher than the mean in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), include and exclude criteria were selected. They were matched in terms of age, sex, socioeconomic status, lack of acute physical and psychological diseases, and other variables considered in this study. 30 of them were randomly selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The instruments used included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Newfoundland Happiness Scale (Monsh), and the Enthusiasm for Communication Scale. The experimental group participated in sports program that included aerobics exercise for 12 weeks, three hours each week, but no intervention was performed on the control group. All subjects completed the pre-test scales of happiness at Newfoundland University and the willing to communicate in the two pre- and post-test stages. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of happiness and willing to communicate (p <0.001). The rate of happiness and willing to communicate significantly increased in experimental group in comparison with pretest and control group. Therefore, it can be said that bodybuilding and aerobics increase happiness and the willing to communicate with depressed women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - The Effectiveness of schema therapy on rumination, loneliness and general health of divorced women
mansooreh nikoogoftar alireza sanganiThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on general health, rumination, and loneliness of divorced women. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Twelve volunteers who were re MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on general health, rumination, and loneliness of divorced women. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Twelve volunteers who were referred to counseling centers in Sari, were selected by volunteering method. They were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups and assigned to the social and emotional loneliness scale of adults (2004), the general health questionnaire (1972), the scale Nullen Hoeksma and Marrow (1991) rumbled in pre-test and post-test. The experimental group was trained in ten sessions based on the Young Schematic Protocol, Calcesko and Washir (2003). The results of the findings, using multivariate covariance analysis, showed that schema therapy significantly increased general health and reduced rumination and loneliness of divorced women. Anxiety (P=0.02), disruption in social function (P=0.001), depression (P=0.039), rumination responses (P=0/000), distracting responses (P=0/000), romantic loneliness (P=0,000), family loneliness (P=0,035) and social loneliness (P=0.007) in the experimental group receiving the intervention were different from that of the control group. It is recommended that Advisers and therapist’s use of schema therapy rules to rehabilitate women after divorce in order to increase general health, reduce rumination and facilitate social relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - The Effect of Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), on Resiliency and Dysfunctional Attitudes of MS Female Patients in Tehran
zeinab kaviani saeed BakhtiarPoor Alireza Heidari parviz askary zahra EftekharThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the resilience and dysfunctional attitudes of women with MS in Tehran. The research method was pre-test and post-test and the statistical population of this study was all MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the resilience and dysfunctional attitudes of women with MS in Tehran. The research method was pre-test and post-test and the statistical population of this study was all women with MS with high dysfunctional attitude and low resiliency referred to the department of ambulatory patients in Kahrizak in 2017. The sampling method was purposive. Research tools included Conner and Davidson Resiliency Questionnaire (2003) and Dys, Weisman & Beck Dysfunctional Attitude Questionnaire (1997).Subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes of psychotherapy. But the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results showed a significant difference (p <0.000) in the experimental group after the implementation of psychotherapy. The results showed the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on increasing resilience and reducing inefficient attitudes of MS patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - The Effect of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on ability to control weight, Satisfaction with body image, and Life satisfaction in Overweight women in city of Isfahan
mansooreh shamsi Hossein MolaviThe purpose of this study was investigating the effect of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on ability to control weight, Satisfaction with body image, and Life satisfaction in Overweight women in city of Isfahan. The research design was semi-experimental resea MoreThe purpose of this study was investigating the effect of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on ability to control weight, Satisfaction with body image, and Life satisfaction in Overweight women in city of Isfahan. The research design was semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test and control group. Statistical publication also included all of overweight women in city of Isfahan in spring 2017, that were identified by use BMI index above 25. For doing research, 30 of these women were selected by random sampling and were assigned randomly in experimental and control group (15 each), and experimental group treated by MBCT program. In pre-test and post-test stages, Satisfaction work life Scale (SWLS) (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) (Cash, Winstead & Janda, 1986), and Body Mass Index (BMI) were used. The data was analyzed by Covariance analysis. Results showed that Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) had a significant effects to control weight, Satisfaction with body image, and Life satisfaction in Overweight women in city of Isfahan in experimental group (p < 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - The comparison effectiveness indigenous model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy focused on compassion with non-indigenous model in the same treatment in PTSD on women
Peyman Dousti Javad Khalatbari Ahmad Baseri Bahram Parvin GonabadiThe present study compared of effectiveness of indigenous model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy focused on compassion with non-indigenous model in the same treatment in PTSD on women. The method of this research is experimental and included a pretest-posttest study MoreThe present study compared of effectiveness of indigenous model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy focused on compassion with non-indigenous model in the same treatment in PTSD on women. The method of this research is experimental and included a pretest-posttest study with two experimental and one control groups. The statistical population included 200 volunteer women who referred to the “Avaye Dousti” Psychological Clinic in the period from Oct 2018 to Des 2018 that invited to this study trough recall. Afterward, 42 individuals selected voluntarily and randomly divided into three groups. The first experimental group subjected to 8 sessions of 120-minute treatment of indigenous model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) focused on Compassion and the second group was treated using the same treatment as non-indigenous model. The control group didn't receive any intervention. In order to evaluation, both DSM V diagnostic criteria for PTSD and Mississippi scale questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the data, Descriptive Statistics, Analysis of Covariance and pairwise comparison by SIDAK, were used. The findings indicated that the mean difference in 3 subscales of problem in interpersonal communication, problem of emotional inhabitation and depression in the group effected by the indigenous model has more than the non-indigenous model. There was no difference in the penetrating memories subscale, and no changes were observed in the control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Comparison of the effectiveness of the native domestic compassion focused therapy package with Gilbert compassion focused therapy on mental health and psychological capital of employed women
Ziba Amani Mohammad Bagher Kajbaf Alireza MaredpourThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of indigenous compassion therapy package with Gilbert compassion therapy on mental health and psychological capital of working women in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test des MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of indigenous compassion therapy package with Gilbert compassion therapy on mental health and psychological capital of working women in Isfahan. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population included all working women in the age group of 25 to 45 years in Isfahan in 2019. The sample size included 45 people, of which 15 women were placed in the first experimental group, 15 women in the second experimental group, and 15 women in the control group and were selected by purposive sampling. Indigenous compassion therapy and Gilbert compassion therapy were performed for women in two experimental groups (in 8 sessions). Measurement tools included the GHQ Goldberg Questionnaire (1972) and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire by Luthans, Youssef, and Avolio (2007). Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the effect of education based on indigenous compassion therapy package and Gilbert compassion training on mental health and psychological capital. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of post-test of mental health and psychological capital of women in the experimental and control groups. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up test of mental health and psychological capital of working women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - The effect of medication and combined medication and acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety, worry, experiential avoidance and psychological hardiness in women with generalized anxiety disorder
mahvash akbari akram dehghaniThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of medication and combined medication and ACT on anxiety, worry, experiential avoidance and psychological hardiness of women with GAD. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with experi MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of medication and combined medication and ACT on anxiety, worry, experiential avoidance and psychological hardiness of women with GAD. This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The present study population consisted of all women with GAD in Fereydunshahr city in the summer of 2017. Thirty women were purposefully selected as a sample and randomly assigned to three equal groups (10 people in each group). Medication was prescribed for all affected women, for at least a five-week period, and in combined intervention group, 8 one-hour sessions of ACT was performed individually. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1983), Penn State Worry Questionnaire (Meyer et al., 1990), Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (Gámez et al., 2011) and Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire (Kobasa et al., 1982) were administered before and after treatment. Covariance analysis was used for data analysis. The results showed that both medication and combined interventions in the experimental groups decreased the mean scores of anxiety, worry, and experiential avoidance, and increased the mean scores of psychological hardiness. Also, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the variables of experimental avoidance and psychological hardiness (P <0.05), and combined medication and ACT were more effective in these variables. According to the findings of this study, combined medication and ACT are more effective than medication in reducing GAD-related symptoms and features in women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - The Effect of Hypnotherapy on Sexual Self-Concept of Women with Dyspareunia
Mehdi Dehestani Atefeh Mahdavi Maryam Karimi Amin MoradnejadThis study aimed at investigating the effect of hypnotherapy on sexual self-concept of women with dyspareunia. The research’s method was semi-experimental. The sample was 20 women who went to midwifery and women's clinics and had the criteria for dyspareunia, whic MoreThis study aimed at investigating the effect of hypnotherapy on sexual self-concept of women with dyspareunia. The research’s method was semi-experimental. The sample was 20 women who went to midwifery and women's clinics and had the criteria for dyspareunia, which was diagnosed by a doctor and psychiatric using DSM-5’s checklist of dyspareunia. These people were selected using random sampling. The measurement tool in this study was Sexual Self-concept Questionnaire (Snell, 1990). The women who had dyspareunia and had weak self-concept scores could participate in this study. Then, the subjects were divided into two experimental and control groups with 10 patients. The experimental group received treatment in eight sessions while the control group received no treatment. Finally, Snell's sexual self-concept questionnaire was re-applied to both groups for data comparison. There was a significant difference in the data obtained from the scores of the questionnaire in comparison with the control group using Covariance analysis which indicated the effect of hypnotherapy on sexual self-concept and ultimately sexual function of women with dyspareunia (P >0.05). The effectiveness of hypnotherapy on the ability of sexual self-concept and ultimately the sexual function of women in this study was confirmed with regard to the findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy Based-Mindfulness on Marital Satisfaction and Psychological Symptoms Women Married
kamran yazdanbakhsh narges mohammad najjar ali ahmadian Zahra Ghasemlo Nasab Ziba Arhami IsalooThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based-mindfulness on marital satisfaction and psychological symptoms among married women. The study was of a semi-experimental type with pre-test post-test with control group. The pop MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based-mindfulness on marital satisfaction and psychological symptoms among married women. The study was of a semi-experimental type with pre-test post-test with control group. The population of the study of married women admitted to the clinic in district 2 in Tehran City, Iran in year 2019, and 30 of them ­ were selected using convenient sampling method and placed in two groups of 15 subjects each (experimental and control). Research instruments included Syndrome Checklist Psychological (Derogatis, Lipman & Covi, 1973) and Marital Satisfaction (Enrich, 1983) Questionnaires. The experimental group received 8 sessions of mindfulness training and each session took one hour and half. After that, post-test was conducted. In order to analyze data, ­ multivariate covariance analysis was used. The obtained results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy was effective and significant in decreasing the score of psychological symptoms (Somatization, Depression & Anxiety) and increasing the marital satisfaction among subjects in experimental group (P≤0.001). on the basis of results, it could be said that Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy could have a positive impact on psychological symptoms women (Somatization, depression and anxiety) and marital satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Effectiveness of Multidimensional Spiritual Therapy with a Focus on Weight Loss and its effect on Emotional Stability, Self-Control, and Body Mass Index in Overweight Women
mina shamsolahrari shahnaz nouhi ahmad aliporThe aim this study was effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual therapy with a focus on weight loss and its effect on emotional stability, self-control, and body mass index in overweight women. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-t MoreThe aim this study was effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual therapy with a focus on weight loss and its effect on emotional stability, self-control, and body mass index in overweight women. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of all obese and overweight women referred to the Counseling and Psychology Clinic in District 3 of Tehran in 1398, and among them, 30 people were selected using the available sampling and were replaced in two experimental and control groups. . The Cattle Questionnaire (1973) was then completed by both groups, and both height and weight were measured. After that, a multidimensional spiritual therapy program with a focus on weight loss was implemented on the experimental group. The post-test was then performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and covariance analysis method. The findings showed that multidimensional spiritual therapy with a focus on weight loss increased emotional stability and self-control, and decreased body mass index (P = 0.001). Therefore, it can be said that teaching weight loss methods, if accompanied by the element of spirituality, can both affect weight loss and affect the regulation of emotions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - The Effectiveness of Bowen's Family Therapy on the Emotional Abuse of Married Women
saeedeh mehrabi sahar khanjaniveshkiThis study was carried out to purpose the effectiveness of Bowen's Family Therapy on the emotional abuse of married women in the city of Aligudarz. The research method was quasi‑experimental with a pretest–posttest and control group design.The study population inc MoreThis study was carried out to purpose the effectiveness of Bowen's Family Therapy on the emotional abuse of married women in the city of Aligudarz. The research method was quasi‑experimental with a pretest–posttest and control group design.The study population included all married women visiting consultation centers in the city of Aligudarz during year 2019. The sampling method was nonrandom voluntary sampling used to select 30 participants who were then randomly divided in to experiment and control groups (15 individuals each). The research tool was the emotional abuse questionnaire (barahimi, 2008). The experiment group participated in 8 sessions of bowen's family therapy, each lasting 90 min. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) method was used to analyze the data via SPSS24. The result showed that Bowen's Family Therapy has been effective on the reducing emotional abuse women (P < 0/05). Also, Bowen's Family Therapy has been effective on the dimensions of emotional abuse women (verbal abuse, negligence, domination and social constraint) (P < 0/05). Therefore, this therapy can be used as a suitable method to reduce women's emotional abuse and solve marital problems in counseling centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - The Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) on Emotional Regulation and Distress Tolerance of addicted women leaving: The mediating role of Mindfulness, Effective Communication and Emotional Cognitive Regulation Strategies
sohela esnaasharan Fariba Yazdkhasti Himidreza OrayziThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on emotional regulation and distress tolerance of addicted women leaving by the mediating role of mindfulness, effective communication and emotional cognitive regulation strate MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on emotional regulation and distress tolerance of addicted women leaving by the mediating role of mindfulness, effective communication and emotional cognitive regulation strategies. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all addicted women leaving in Isfahan city. The sample consisted of 60 women prisoners leaving drugs who were selected based on available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Measurement tools included the Negative Mood Regulation Questionnaire (Catanzaro & Mearns, 1990), the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons & Gaher, 2005) and the Researcher Made Behavioral-Emotional Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance and analysis of variance. Findings showed that dialectical behavior therapy has led to increased emotion regulation skills and tolerance of anxiety in the experimental group (P <0.001), and the effect of this treatment remains until the quarterly follow-up. Also, the mediating role of mindfulness, effective communication and emotional cognitive regulation strategies in post-test was statistically significant (P <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Predicting the quality of the relationship with the spouse family based on marital intimacy and main family health
Nafiseh Mostafaei Javad Khodadadi Shahriar Dargahi Dariush AzimiThe necessity of identifying the factors affecting the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family has always been of interest to the family's specialists. The present study was designed to predict the role of quality of relationship based on marital intimacy a MoreThe necessity of identifying the factors affecting the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family has always been of interest to the family's specialists. The present study was designed to predict the role of quality of relationship based on marital intimacy and main family health. This research was a descriptive-correlational study. The study population consisted of married women and men in Tehran during the period of 2016-17, 250 of them were selected by sampling method. Data were collected using Marital Intimacy questionnaire (Walker & Thompson, 1983) The Health of The Main Family (Yeshtat and others, 1985), the Relationship With The Wife's Family (Cheraghi, 1393), were collected. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and inter regression analysis. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the family's main health and marital intimacy with the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family(P<0/01). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that marital intimacy and family health can explain 26% of the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family. in forming the quality of the relationship with the spouse's family, marital intimacy, and the family's primary health, plays a very important role. Therefore, the need for more attention to these factors in the consolidation of the family is fundamental. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - The structural equations modeling of post-traumatic stress disorder based on Stockholm syndrome with the mediating role of coping strategies in battered women
Elyaz Bornak Afsaneh Ghanbari Panah fariba Hassani Rana Mohammadzadeh EsmaeiliThe aim of this study was to find the effect of Stockholm syndrome on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with mediation of coping strategies in battered women. Samples were collected from all married women within age range between 18 to 60 years and victims of domest MoreThe aim of this study was to find the effect of Stockholm syndrome on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with mediation of coping strategies in battered women. Samples were collected from all married women within age range between 18 to 60 years and victims of domestic violence who have referred to Health Centers, Social Emergency, Public Family Court-Bench 1 and number of Psychology and Counseling Centers of Tehran Province to fill in the questionnaires. Accessible sampling method was used in this research work. The research tools consisted of: Stockholm Syndrome Scale (Graham et al. 1995), Civilian Mississippi Scale Test for PTSD (Keane et al. 1987), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (Endler and Parker, 1990) and questionnaire of domestic violence against women (Tabrizi et al. 2012). A structural equation modeling has been used in the present research in order to analyze data. The results showed that Stockholm syndrome directly affects PTSD in battered women. The results also showed that there is a significant indirect effect between Stockholm syndrome and PTSD mediated by coping methods in battered women. Finally, findings revealed that there is an indirectly meaningful relationship between “Stockholm syndrome and PTSD” with mediation of coping mechanisms in battered women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - The evaluation modeling job satisfaction based on unpleasant lifestyle with mediation of cognitive emotion regulation in in women nurses hospital in during Coronavirus disease
hadi barati fariba hasani Afsaneh Ghanbaripanah Kambiz PoshanehThe purpose of this study was to evaluation modeling job satisfaction based on unpleasant lifestyle with mediation of cognitive emotion regulation in in women nurses’ hospital in during Coronavirus disease. The research design was a structural equation modeling re MoreThe purpose of this study was to evaluation modeling job satisfaction based on unpleasant lifestyle with mediation of cognitive emotion regulation in in women nurses’ hospital in during Coronavirus disease. The research design was a structural equation modeling relationship. This study was conducted in the presence of 500 people women nurses’ hospital by available sampling method among in hospitals in Isfahan city in year 1400. To measure the variables, Short-Form Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (Weiss and et al, 1967), Lifestyle Inventory (Smith and Miller, 1988) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2007) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS and AMOS software was investigated.The results showed that unpleasant lifestyle and maladaptive cognitive regulation of emotion have a direct and negative effect on job satisfaction (P <0.01). Also, the adaptive cognitive regulation of emotion has a direct and positive effect on job satisfaction (P <0.01). Also, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data and indirect pathways of unpleasant lifestyle were significant through mediation of role cognitive emotion regulation on job satisfaction. The evaluated model has a good fit and is an important step in identifying the factors that are effective in job satisfaction in hospital staff and Hospital officials can use the results of this study to improve nurses' job satisfaction during coronavirus outbreaks Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Comparing Early Maladaptive Schemas in the Women’s suffering from Personality Disorders and Normal Women’s
ELAHEH SHAFAEI hamid atashpuorThe aim of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas in women’s suffering from personality disorders and normal women’s in Isfahan. The research method was descriptive comparative causal. The statistical population of the study includes two groups; MoreThe aim of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas in women’s suffering from personality disorders and normal women’s in Isfahan. The research method was descriptive comparative causal. The statistical population of the study includes two groups; Women with borderline personality disorders were dramatic, obsessive, dependent, and avoidant, and normal women in year 2019. In this study, purposive non-probabilistic sampling method was used, in which 60 women aged 20 to 40 years with personality disorder referred to counseling centers in Isfahan and 60 healthy individuals were purposefully selected and answered the research questionnaires. The assessment tool included a questionnaire of early traumatic schemas (Young, 1998). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance The results showed that there was a significant difference between primary traumatic schemas among women with borderline, dramatic, obsessive, dependent and avoidant personality disorders with normal women (P <0.01).Thus, people with personality disorder had higher scores than normal people in the components of cut and rejection, autonomy and dysfunction, other directionality, inhibition and excessive ringing and impaired constraints. Based on these results, it is necessary to pay attention to the psychological, social, emotional and family processes of people with personality disorder and to help their psychological health by using appropriate intervention methods such as schema therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - A Phenomenology Study: Identifying of experiences and psychosomatic and physical reactions in 22-57 years old women victims of infidelity.
maryam tavallaei mohamadhosan fallah Ronak Eshghi Seyed Alireza AfshaniThe purpose of this study was to identify and explain experiences and psychosomatic and physical reactions of women victims of infidelity. This study employed a qualitative approach along with a descriptive phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify and explain experiences and psychosomatic and physical reactions of women victims of infidelity. This study employed a qualitative approach along with a descriptive phenomenology method. The sample consisted of 20 women between 22-57 years old from Isfahan in 1397 who were selected through purposive or judgmental sampling and were investigated by a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed using Collaizi method. The data analysis resulted in 2 main themes: psychosomatic reactions and physical reactions; for each of them, more subthemes were found. Psychosomatic reactions including: body fitness problems, nutrition problems, respiratory problems, cordial problems, muscular problems, sleep problems, nervous problems, anxiety reactions, digestive problems, and blood pressure problems; and physical reactions including: physical problems and somatization. The results of this study showed that infidelity was not experienced similarly by all women victims. Different perceptions of infidelity have various effects on victim women and they have different experiences and reactions. Regarding the fact that the findings of the study have been elicited through interview and the cultural context of the society, it may be helpful for the experts to know the victim women experiences and provide useful psychological services to such women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - prediction of marital adjustment based on the marital gratitude and humility perception among married women of Ahvaz city
Sayed Sajad Mohammadi Shykhshabani Abbas Amanelahi khadijeh ShiraliniaThe aim of this study was to predict marital adjustment based on the marital gratitude component (felt gratitude and express gratitude) and humility perceptions component (global humility, superiority and accurate view of self) among married women in Ahvaz city. T MoreThe aim of this study was to predict marital adjustment based on the marital gratitude component (felt gratitude and express gratitude) and humility perceptions component (global humility, superiority and accurate view of self) among married women in Ahvaz city. The present research method was correlational and predictive. The statistical population of this study was ordinary married women and divorce applicants in Ahvaz in 1396. Among ordinary women, 100 were selected by available sampling method and 100 divorced women were selected by purposive sampling method. The instruments for data gathering included Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976), gratitude state (Mitchell, 2010) and relational humility scale (Davis, et al…, 2011). For the analysis of the data, discriminant analysis method was used. Results showed that felt gratitude, superiority, felt gratitude, express gratitude, global humility, superiority and accurate view of self were significant prediction for marital adjustment of married women. ( p< 0/001). Accordin to this finding felt gratitude, superiority, felt gratitude, express gratitude, global humility, superiority and accurate view of self has an important role in marital adjustment. ( p< 0/001) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - The study of the effect of occupation access on the entry of women into master degree period and fulfillment of their expectation thorough curriculum syllabus
Asiyeh kheirollahi Ahmad Reza Nasr Mohammad Reza NiliThe overall objective of this research was to study about the effect of occupation access on the entry of women into master degree period and fulfillment of their expectation thorough curriculum syllabus in university of Isfahan. Used method was descriptive survey. To c MoreThe overall objective of this research was to study about the effect of occupation access on the entry of women into master degree period and fulfillment of their expectation thorough curriculum syllabus in university of Isfahan. Used method was descriptive survey. To collect the data, a researcher-made questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used. The validity was confirmed by some experts and the reliability was verified by using Cronbach's alpha (0/89). The Population included all senior female students at the University of Isfahan in the academic year 1390-91. Then, the sample size was estimated as 254 persons using Cochran's sample size formula. Quantitative results indicated that occupation access was not significantly related to the desire of students for MA education. However, the interview results were not consistent with the findings of the questionnaire. The findings, also, showed that students with low economic status were more willing to continue their education than those with good economic status. Quantitative conclusions showed that students' expectations were not fulfilled by the curriculum syllabus and this was consistent with the results of the questionnaire, too Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - An Investigation of Women Administratorsâ Experience of Leading in Higher Education (A Qualitative Study)
سمیه شاه طالبی محمد حسین یارمحمدیان سیما عجمیThe main purpose of this study was to investigate women’s administrative experiences of leadership in higher education in Iran. This study benefited from qualitative research of descriptive phenomenology. The target population was women who had academic rank and those w MoreThe main purpose of this study was to investigate women’s administrative experiences of leadership in higher education in Iran. This study benefited from qualitative research of descriptive phenomenology. The target population was women who had academic rank and those who had university a key role in Isfahan province. Sampling was conducted using purposeful method, the snowball technique for the critical case in the beginning and continued up to information saturation. Finally the number of participants reached 8 individuals. Data collection was done through deep interviewing which recorded with a mp3 set. For analyzing the information seven stage Collizzi method was used. Finding includes factors and obstacles for administrative women in university. That involved 3 main dimension and 8 sub dimension which includes social, administrative and individual factors. It should be taken into consideration that each of those 8 sub dimension includes other sub dimension that from 61 sub dimensions general achievement factors were classified in 7 main dimensions and 19 sub dimensions. This includes associates positive outlook, women’s characteristic features, women’s individuals’ outlook, society outlook, leadership and management skills, family and parents factors, academic and open environment that each of those 18 sub dimensions includes other sub dimension that could be mentioned in 191 sub dimensions. Finding of this study shows that despite the fact that women in higher education in Iran are faced with different obstacles but try to pay their all attention to their leadership and management and prove their position as a successful manager and change the negative society attitude to positive outlooks toward women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - The Effect of Higher Education and University on Iranian Women Achievement
Ramazan HassanzadehAbstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of higher education and university on Iranian women achievement in different dimensions such as academic, cultural, social, and economic. In present study research method was descriptive. The sample consiste MoreAbstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of higher education and university on Iranian women achievement in different dimensions such as academic, cultural, social, and economic. In present study research method was descriptive. The sample consisted of 252 women (138 graduates,89 students and 25 faculty member of Islamic Azad University-Mazandaran) randomly selected from the general population. Participants were requested to complete a structured questionnaire consisting of 20 items. Questionnaire was designed on the basis of five-scale measurement of Likert. The subjects should tick one of the following choices: strongly agree(5) , agree (4), neutral(3) , disagree(2) , strongly disagree(1) . The range of the marks given in the questionnaire was for 20 minimum and 100 for maximum. The face and content validity of the questionnaire were established using a panel of. A Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.89 was obtained of the questionnaire in a pilot study with 40 subjects. In this research four hypotheses were tested. Results revealed that: 1)Higher education and university have effect on academic achievement in women (t=83.59,p < 0.05).2) higher education and university have effect on sociocultural achievement in women (t=38.93,p < 0.05).3) higher education and university have effect on economic achievement in women (t=72.05,p < 0.05) .4) Effect of higher education and university is different between academic, sociocultural, and economic achievement in women (f=640.93,p < 0.05) . However, the evidence clearly shows a clear role of higher education and university on Iranian women achievement and success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - The effect of TRX training on nitric oxide and homocysteine levels as indicators of vascular endothelial and inflammation in inactive obese women
shima Ghardashkgani gerde Abdolali Banaeifar saeid sedaghati yaser kazemzadeh keyvan molanorouziIntroduction & Objective: Recent studies suggest that obesity plays an effective role in the occurrence of inflammation; on the other hand, inflammation can affect on function of vascular endothelium. High levels of homocysteine can lead to inflammation and MoreIntroduction & Objective: Recent studies suggest that obesity plays an effective role in the occurrence of inflammation; on the other hand, inflammation can affect on function of vascular endothelium. High levels of homocysteine can lead to inflammation and vascular endothelium damage. Nitric oxide is also considered as one of the influencing factors on endothelial function. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of 8 weeks of TRX training on the levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and nitric oxide (NO) in inactive obese women. Material and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 28 obese women with a mean age of 44.34 ±0.82 years were randomly divided into TRX (n = 16) and control (n = 16) groups. The experimental group program consisted of TRX training for eight weeks and three days a week for 50-60 minutes. Serum levels of homocysteine, nitric oxide were measured before and 48 hours after the last training session. Independent and dependent t-tests were used to examine the differences between groups and within-group changes. Result:After eight weeks of TRX training, comparison results within and between groups are displayed that the mean homocysteine index in the exercise group decreased significantly compared to the control group (p = 0.01). Also, exercise led to an increase in nitric oxide levels in obese women, although this increase was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it seems that doing TRX training can be effective as an exercise method in reducing inflammation and improving endothelial function in obese women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Representation of gender dominant discourses in women's sports with a sociological approach
Samaneh Nazari Rahim RamezaniNejad Hamid Reza Goharrostami Mohammad Mahdi RahmatiObjective: Deep analysis of women's issues in sport and especially in the sociology of sport has always been among major scientific approaches and paradigms, and one of the most special discourses in sport is its gender issues. Therefore, the purpose of this research is MoreObjective: Deep analysis of women's issues in sport and especially in the sociology of sport has always been among major scientific approaches and paradigms, and one of the most special discourses in sport is its gender issues. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to represent and analyze gender-dominant discourses in women's sports with a sociological approach.Methodology: The current research was qualitative and used a thematic analysis method. Therefore, 150 valid research articles were analyzed and coded based on conceptual commonality and purposive sampling techniques. The textual data with these samples continued until the researcher reached the theoretical saturation stage. The research data were classified in the form of analysis of the topics related to the discourses. In general, from 11 basic (main) themes, 3 organizing themes and finally a semantic theme were extracted, which draws and analyzes the network of themes related to gender dominant discourses in women's sports. The research validation method was also applied based on the presentation and feedback of the research results to the experts for its final approval.Results: Based on the theme analysis of the research data, three basic themes including the domination of gender norms in sports, media representation of women's sports and gender discrimination in sports were identified, which were able to represent the central theme of gender dominant discourses in women's sports. In a general view, all of the themes extracted at the middle level and the basic concepts at the micro level were all related and there was a close relationship between these categories for drawing gender discourses in women's sports. Based on the network of drawn themes, it can be concluded that the sum of these themes can well represent the semantic theme.Conclusion: Based on three basic themes, the change in the roles, attitudes and beliefs of the society towards women's sports can change the dominance of gender norms in sports; Quantitative and qualitative representation of women's sports in the media and social media to make appropriate objectification of women's participation; And finally, the establishment of gender equality in rights and benefits, resources, education and management can lead to a better understanding of women's sports and, as a result, create policies and strategic plans in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Designing a model of cultural barriers for women's participation in leisure sports activities in sports recreation centers
Mehdi Salimi Leila Moslehi Amir Hossein LabbafPurpose: Leisure is one of the dimensions of social life that if it contradicts the common culture of society, it can become a social problem or dilemma; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of cultural barriers to women's partici MorePurpose: Leisure is one of the dimensions of social life that if it contradicts the common culture of society, it can become a social problem or dilemma; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing a model of cultural barriers to women's participation in leisure sports activities in sports recreation centers.Methodology: The research method in terms of type and data analysis was qualitative with a data theorizing approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of senior managers, officials and faculty members aware of the field of research, which in order to select the sample people, purposeful sampling method based on a theoretical approach was used. The required data were collected using in-depth interviews and analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding.Results: Based on the obtained results, causal conditions include the existence of non-indigenous culture, patriarchal perspective, weakness in the capital of women's sports culture, lack of social support and motivational barriers; Underlying conditions including economic factors, facility and facility factors and managerial factors and intervening conditions including individual factors and religious tendencies were identified. Strategies were introduced in three areas of needs assessment and policy-making, localization and alignment of relevant bodies, and after presenting the consequences, a paradigm model was presented.Conclusion: Needs assessment and policy-making, alignment of organs to achieve goals and localization of leisure activities have desirable results in order to remove cultural barriers to the presence of women in sports and recreation centers and use the benefits, Will bring. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - An Overview of the Challenges and Perspectives of Women's Sports Participation with a Social Marketing Approach
Elham MoshkelgoshaObjective: The purpose of the research is to examine the challenges and perspectives of women's sports participation.Methodology: In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the status of women's participation in sports activities, its causes and challenges MoreObjective: The purpose of the research is to examine the challenges and perspectives of women's sports participation.Methodology: In this article, an attempt has been made to investigate the status of women's participation in sports activities, its causes and challenges by using existing texts and literature, and by providing suitable solutions, an efficient horizon and perspective in order to increase participation as much as possible. Provide women in sports. The research method of this study is based on the nature of the subject of documents, and accordingly, the library technique was used to collect information..Results: The investigations showed that despite the increasing presence of women in social fields, their participation and presence in sports activities is limited. Considering the importance of sports in the personal and social health of women, it seems that the Iranian society has not yet realized the importance and necessity of sports among women and girls. The percentage of women participating in sports activities is lower than that of men in all countries.Conclusion:The nature of using this concept of social marketing is to change behavior, which is the main nature and purpose of marketing in this field. The meaning of individual attitude change is that, according to the conditions, a person finds a positive belief in physical activity and public sports, and further, the attitude towards public sports also becomes positive, which is due to the increase of the individual's information. Further, according to the effects of social norms on the individual, this normative belief is created in people that exercise and physical activity can be placed as a need in people. The positive social consequences that can be achieved by using social recovery strategies, changing behavior towards desirable behaviors that lead to the development of public sports in this research. Considering the pivotal role of sports in the health of women as mothers of society and consequently the health of their children, the issue of women's sports participation should be seriously considered. Social marketing is suggested as an effective approach to reduce barriers and increase facilitators to women's sedentary behavior and improve the quality of individual and social life, which implementation and implementation requires support and capacity building from all responsible institutions. The multiple benefits of sports, improving women's social attitudes and beliefs by focusing on the effectiveness of promotional and educational activities, developing suitable places and spaces for women's public sports, inter-departmental coordination and leading women's public sports are effective measures in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - The Effect of Spiritual Intelligence Training on the Development of Spiritual Intelligence and Aggression of Isfahan’s Women Volleyball Coaches
Alireza Zamani Nukaabadi Farzane AbdiObjective: In recent years, the concept of intelligence has not only been regarded as a cognitive ability, but has been expanded to other areas such as emotional intelligence, existential intelligence, moral intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and so on. Spiritual int MoreObjective: In recent years, the concept of intelligence has not only been regarded as a cognitive ability, but has been expanded to other areas such as emotional intelligence, existential intelligence, moral intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and so on. Spiritual intelligence is defined as a set of abilities, capacities and spiritual resources that can be used in daily life can increase one's adaptability. Aggression is a practice that aims to act physically or psychologically. Aggressive perspectives in sports are also two -sided views; On the one hand, sports sites are the only place where aggression is not only permitted, but also aggressive behavior. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 9 session of spiritual intelligence training on development of spiritual intelligence and aggression of women's volleyball coaches in Isfahan city.Methodology: This research method was semi-experimental which is done via survey method. The population of this research was women's volleyball coaches in Isfahan city. From the target population 40 women's volleyball coaches randomly selected and then assigned in two experimental (N=20) and control groups (N=20). For gathering data used three Questionaires include demographic questionnaire, King spiritual Intelligence standard questionaire, and AQ aggression questionnaire. After verifying the face validity of questionnaires by professionals, reliability of questions was investigated through Cronbach Alpha method. This coefficient for spiritual intelligence questionnaires was 0/78, nd aggression was 0/89. Colmogtof-Semirnof test, Levin test and analysis of covariance was used to analyze the findings of the research.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the spiritual intelligence, in two experimental and control groups after nine sessions of training spiritual intelligence. In other words, nine spiritual intelligence training sessions have influenced the amount of spiritual intelligence in volleyball woman coaches. Considering the Etta context, it can be said that 60 % of these changes were due to the impact of intervention, nine spiritual intelligence training sessions. Also, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the aggression, in two experimental and control groups after nine sessions of training spiritual intelligence. Considering the Etta context, it can be said that 41 % of these changes were due to the effect of intervention nine spiritual intelligence training sessions.Conclusion: Spiritual intelligence grows through education and can have a positive effect on reducing aggression in woman's Volleyball coaches. When a person needs a counselor to deal with life pressure, the spiritual domain can help the individual find meaning in stressful situations and this confrontation can be an attempt to find meaning in the position. Found hard; If we consider the ability to help spiritual resources as an intelligence, then this ability should help solve life problems and reach goals and lead to better adaptation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Human bilateralism in Islamic mysticism
Kheirollah Mahmoodi Masoumeh BakhshizadehMan, the superior to every creature, is a bilateral being who, both in creation and in behavior, tends toward divine light and darkness. A part of his existence pertains to the light and the other part to the world of darkness. Lights and darkness allegory and man's p MoreMan, the superior to every creature, is a bilateral being who, both in creation and in behavior, tends toward divine light and darkness. A part of his existence pertains to the light and the other part to the world of darkness. Lights and darkness allegory and man's place among both of them are symbolically addressed. Body and soul, wisdom and ego, goblet and light or goblet and wine as well as mirror and felt are of the most major titles of allegory. Man and woman are another expression in order to show the reciprocal symbols of light and darkness in the creation domain; an allegory which can also be seen in the other cultures and religions. In addition, woman herself has a dual face. On the one hand, she is the symbol of darkness against man, and on the other, she is the symbol of real light that is, absolute reality. It is seems that, man's duality is influenced by an extensive argument entiteled "Haghighat – e Mohammadiyeh", because the inherent concept of Haghighat-e Mohammadiyeh, in which mankind is proposed to be the most significant evidence, is per se a dual concept that plays the intermediate role. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Evaluation Of Ibn-Arabis Creative Femininity through Contemporary Poets and Writers
Mehdi Momtahen Mehdi Reza Kamali BanianiIn Jungian psychology, there are some important expressions like unconsciousness, introversion, extroversion, and archetype posed all of which are employed in recent discussions of literary criticism, especially psychological criticism and the mythical one. The external MoreIn Jungian psychology, there are some important expressions like unconsciousness, introversion, extroversion, and archetype posed all of which are employed in recent discussions of literary criticism, especially psychological criticism and the mythical one. The external personality and attitude are those things that Jung called them persona or mask, but he believed that all humans have also an internal attitude and personality which is in terms of their unconscious world. There are deep layers of active creativity in Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi's spiritual journey in this article, in which the works of the contemporary poets such as Ahmad Azizi , Sohrab Sepehri, Shamloo, as well as Hedayat's Blind Owl are specifically examined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Decoding theWoman inSpiritual Sessions Of Ibn Arani
Simin Valavi Hamid Abedi FirozjaeiThe present paper is about using mystical symbol of woman in Ibn Arabi sonnets. Ibn Arabi is the founder of new style of theoretical Sufism that is evident amonghis works.Especially in his mystical Sessions Court, he is dedicated to interpreting Tarjoman Alashvaq, Use o MoreThe present paper is about using mystical symbol of woman in Ibn Arabi sonnets. Ibn Arabi is the founder of new style of theoretical Sufism that is evident amonghis works.Especially in his mystical Sessions Court, he is dedicated to interpreting Tarjoman Alashvaq, Use of special statements that Ghazal feel quite that the flavor is divine and mystical.His work is on the development of mystical thought in the sonnet "pantheism". In this essay with an introductory note about the Sufism of Ibn Arabi and intellectual context of his secrets will be referred to on the basis ofhis workinthesonnetformtomystical. Twenty decoding with a better understanding of this Beauty understand its meaning has been noted to some of the poems related to Persian language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Analyzing the Status of Repentance in the Story of the Old Woman and Malekshah in Attar's Tragic Tales Based on Joseph Campbell's Archetype of "the Return of the hero
Masoome RouhaniFard Mehdi Mahouzi Shahin OjaqaliZadeThe mysterious tale of the Old Woman and the Kingdom of AlbArslan in Attar’s MosibatNameh(Tragic Tales in Persian) has a great capacity for various decoding readings. The tale of the Old Woman and Malek Shah can be studied based on Campbell’s theories. One of the approp MoreThe mysterious tale of the Old Woman and the Kingdom of AlbArslan in Attar’s MosibatNameh(Tragic Tales in Persian) has a great capacity for various decoding readings. The tale of the Old Woman and Malek Shah can be studied based on Campbell’s theories. One of the appropriate methods for understanding the mysterious structure of this tale is Campbell’s archetype of the hero’s journey. The hero is evoked to another land and thus starts his journey. In the course of his journey through the world he loses the only property in his life and stands against Malek Shah in an audacious fight and urges him to return the righteous properties of the peasants and finally frightens him of passing the bridge and encountering the grandeur of God. Eventually when the hero attains his rights he prays to God that Malek Shah is forgiven so that he could achieve perfection and maturity. Malek Shah is changed in sleep and returns to his previous status while carrying the Elixir of Life with him so that he could impart it on peasants and friends. In these journeys the trudging hero sets foot on a dangerous journey by answering the call of the albino dean of the kingdom to save the peasants of Iran. After passing various stages of battle, the hero not only succeeds in his mission and gains material blessings, but also attains a kind of self-recognition and spiritual perfection that in addition to being the function of the hero is based on Campbell’s theories on “the hero’s journey” that leads to a change in his land through praying and obeisance to God and by asking for God’s help. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - A Study of a Mystical, Quranic Woman in “Love of the War Years
Fariba Rahimi Shahrokh Hekmat Majid AziziWomen are an important element in the field of contemporary literature studies, both as a subject and as a creator. Sometimes in the text and sometimes in the margins. But with the occurrence of two important events, namely the Islamic Revolution and eight years o MoreWomen are an important element in the field of contemporary literature studies, both as a subject and as a creator. Sometimes in the text and sometimes in the margins. But with the occurrence of two important events, namely the Islamic Revolution and eight years of holy defense, they have shown different faces. Women have always been instrumental in the civilization, growth, and prosperity of human societies, along with men, directly or indirectly. Islam has placed women as an important issue of life and complement to human life in its social, moral and legal issues. The main purpose of writing this article is to study the feature of an ideal-Islamic women in "Love of the war years". Since the novel has the greatest capacity to represent the life of contemporary man, it has been tried to highlight the ideological and Islamic concepts of women either. The results of the research showed that the woman in this novel, unlike previous novels, is not marginalized and her presence along with her intellect and intellectual maturity indicates the socio-intellectual evolution of her after the revolution. Ignoring woman’s physical weaknes, she has consciously used all her power for direct and indirect presence and adheres to all the ideals of the military men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - The Dual Image of Woman in Rumi's Poetry: a Parable of the Two Dimensions of Human Existence
Fereshteh Arjmandi ahmadreza keikhafarzane Mostafa SalariIn Rumi's poetry, woman is a symbol of divine love, soul, life, earth, and growth, and it also symbolizes body, soul, world, and greed; the dualistic image of woman is a manifestation of the duality of the human spirit and body that expresses luminous and oppressive dim MoreIn Rumi's poetry, woman is a symbol of divine love, soul, life, earth, and growth, and it also symbolizes body, soul, world, and greed; the dualistic image of woman is a manifestation of the duality of the human spirit and body that expresses luminous and oppressive dimensions of existence. The woman is the symbol of righteousness and at the same time the symbol of the soul, the devil and the earth. Symbols reflect the beliefs of symbolists. Since Rumi's social beliefs and attitudes toward woman have both negative and positive aspects and the woman has different characteristics and dimensions in his works. This symbol appears in Rumi's poems, numerously. In this article we will point out these aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - expressing the relationship of women's safety based on the sense of place attachment to urban historical texture. for instance: (Isfahan's jubareh neighborhood)
Mohammad Ali Rahimi Samaneh Izadi Zamanabadi Paying attention to the concept of citizens' security (especially women) and its improvement methods is considered as one of the primary priorities in urban spaces. For this reason, in the process of urban planning, improving the sense of security in More Paying attention to the concept of citizens' security (especially women) and its improvement methods is considered as one of the primary priorities in urban spaces. For this reason, in the process of urban planning, improving the sense of security in urban environments, especially in historical contexts, has been one of the most important goals in urban life. The main purpose of this research is to identify the components of creating a sense of belonging to the place, as one of the most important areas of the urban historical context, to create security, especially among women in the Jo Bareh neighborhood of Isfahan. The research method is qualitative-quantitative research and the research design is combined (content analysis and survey method) to answer the research question of how the security parameters and the sense of belonging to the place affect the safety of women in the Jo Bareh neighborhood of Isfahan. Is it effective? The research hypothesis emphasizes the significance of the relationship between security and the sense of belonging to a place, which ultimately leads to the security of women in the historical context. The results of the research show that paying attention to the parameters of improving women's sense of security (gender, control, and type of fabric) and the parameters of improving the sense of belonging to a place (ownership, residential history, and memorableness) as the main parameters of this research, which have a two-way relationship in It was proposed to designers and architects for strategic solutions in the historical context of Jo Bareh, Isfahan, to increase the safety of women and the sense of belonging to the place. Urban safe spaces for women have a significant relationship with the expressed variables of a sense of belonging to a home and a sense of security, and the highest correlation was obtained related to natural control, and the lowest was shown for gender.Extended AbstractIntroduction: Paying attention to the concept of security of citizens (especially women) and ways to improve it is considered one of the fundamental priorities in urban spaces. For this reason, in urban planning, reducing crime and enhancing the sense of security in urban environments, especially in historical contexts, have been one of the most significant goals in urban life. In recent years, various urban plans (comprehensive plans, detailed plans, improvement and renovation plans for historical contexts) have been considered with the aim of improving the physical, functional, social, and economic conditions in the historical contexts of Isfahan city. ; It is possible to mention the improvement projects of historical, cultural and tourism axes (Haruni, Jo Bareh, Jolfa, Jamale, Dar Dasht, Bid Abad, south of Imam Square). Jobareh neighborhood of Isfahan is at a low level in terms of overall social, physical, and economic structures. This rupture of the spatial and social construction has destroyed security in its various aspects, both environmental and social, the selection of the Jobareh neighborhood is important from this point of view; This geographical place is not only the oldest residential neighborhood of Isfahan city but also with the Jame Mosque and the old square and market, it has been neglected as a cultural, economic and residential group and lives in social, cultural and economic poverty. In this neighborhood, due to the existing problems, social bonds have been separated and most of the native people have left the area; Neighborhood residents are experienced by low-income people and Afghan and rural immigrants without a sense of belonging to the place because they are often not owners and their residence period is temporary. According to what has been said, the necessity of conducting this research is to control the spatial and social structure to solve the problems of this neighborhood, especially the safety of women. According to the above, the purpose of this research is to explain the relationship between women's sense of security and the feeling of belonging to a place in the Jo Bareh neighborhood of Isfahan to improve the psychological sence of security of women living in the environment.Methodology: The type of research conducted in this research is based on primary data and a combination of (quantitative-qualitative) information. In this regard, firstly, from the descriptive-analytical method (content analysis) in the stage of theoretical studies, the use of data obtained from library studies, the subject literature, and the concepts of the feeling of security and the environmental and architectural factors affecting it, as well as the characteristics of the context. the urban worn-out texture, a review, and a theoretical framework for the discussion were set; In the phase of studying the existing situation, a quantitative method of the analytical-survey research plan (statistical analysis) has been used. By being present in the area under study, which is the Jobareh neighborhood of Isfahan, and by using field observations and setting up and distributing questionnaires, the necessary data were collected. and based on Morgan's table, a sample size of 300 women from the Jo Bareh neighborhood is considered. In the analytical method, the problem is not only described; Rather, the causes and effects have been investigated and analyzed. The significance level of the components was analyzed by the method of correlation coefficient analysis. The whole is divided into parts and analyzed separately. Also, the relationships of the ingredients with each other and the factors affecting them have been analyzed.Results and discussion: The results of the research show that paying attention to the parameters of improving women's sense of security (gender, control, and type of fabric) and the parameters of enhancing the sense of belonging to a place (ownership, residential history, and memorableness) as the main parameters of this research, which have a two-way relationship in It was proposed to designers and architects for strategic solutions in the historical context of Jo Bareh, Isfahan, to increase the safety of women and the sense of belonging to the place. Urban safe spaces for women have a significant relationship with the expressed variables of a sense of belonging to a location and a sense of security, the highest correlation was obtained related to natural control, and the lowest was shown for gender.Conclusion: Other researchers have also dealt with the mentioned cases, and suggestions have been presented by the researcher, which can be related to things such as: improving worn-out structures to prevent the creation of ruins and unsafe spaces while preserving the values. architecture; Creating spaces and public uses such as mosques, schools and parks in places with little traffic in order to increase the capacity threshold; Periodically holding festivals in order to promote collective culture; Trying to improve the sense of security in the area of worn-out structures by using the participation of the citizens themselves, such as holding events or changing the activity time in the studied area, can be impressive in order to make the area alive at night; widening the alleys and streets and creating mixed uses in them in order to increase the capacity threshold; increasing the permeability and accessibility of urban spaces; Improving the quality of the road network and removing physical and practical obstacles along the path of the sidewalks; improving the condition of road lighting; preventing the creation of remote and dark spaces and providing social supervision of others; Creating changes in the structure of the physical environment and influencing the way people use the environment and increasing citizen surveillance; He pointed out the possibility of more monitoring in all parts of the neighborhood to create public, cultural and sports spaces for the interaction of the residents of the neighborhood in order to increase the sense of belonging to the place and spending leisure time in those spaces in order to reduce social abnormality. 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Open Access Article
321 - A Study and Analysis of the Analysis of Women's Confrontation with Discrimination and Social Violence in the Two Novels of Wandering Island and Ahokhanam Husband
shabnam nikzad thorollah noroozi mohamadreza shad khodabakhsh asadollahiIn recent decades, following socio-political changes and changes in society's attitudes towards women's issues and whispers of their freedom, novelists have paid special attention to the issue of women and the society's attitude towards women's responsibilities and righ MoreIn recent decades, following socio-political changes and changes in society's attitudes towards women's issues and whispers of their freedom, novelists have paid special attention to the issue of women and the society's attitude towards women's responsibilities and rights is shown in their works. . It is necessary to study the image of women in literature and society; Therefore, in this study, two novels of the wandering island of Simin Daneshvar and Ahoo Khanum's husband by Ali Mohammad Afghani were examined. The purpose of criticizing these two works is to examine the confrontation between women and their discrimination and social violence. The issues discussed in this article are: manifestations of patriarchy, violence against women, society's attitude towards women, belief in male superiority, female weakness, feminism, and so on. Sociological books have been cited in these studies. At the end, the issues discussed in the stories are compared with each other and it is determined which of the elements is more colorful and which is less prominent in each story. The results showed that in both novels, society's negative view of women and the unequal situation between women and men is the main cause of violence and discrimination against women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Effects of exercise intervention to improve body composition and chemerin in middle-aged overweight women
Mohsen Salesi Shakiba Gani -
Open Access Article
323 - Effects of different modes of training on ghrelin concentration in normal-weight middle-age women
Mohsen Salesi Faegheh Dehganipour -
Open Access Article
324 - The effect of eight-week Pilates exercise on the thyroid function in sedentary women
Mohammad Reza Mehravar -
Open Access Article
325 - The Effect of 8-week Resistance Training on Preptin, Irisin and Insulin Resistance in Obese Women
Elham Zaeimifard Sajad Arshadi Abdol Ali Banaeifar Shahram Soheili -
Open Access Article
326 - Plasma leptin and adiponectin concentrations in postmenopausal women with breast cancer following aerobic exercise
Mehrzad Moghadasi Reza Nouri Laleh Karami Bonari Shima Gholamalishahi Mohadeseh Nematollahzadeh Mahani -
Open Access Article
327 - The effect of an eight-week Pilates exercise regimen on stress management and cortisol levels in sedentary women
Hamideh Ahmadi Mohammad Reza Mehravar -
Open Access Article
328 - The Effect of 12-weeks Selected Physical Exercise Alone or Combined with Omega-3 Supplement on Ghrelin and Leptin Levels in Young Non-Athlete Women
Eskandar Rahimi Somayeh Saffari Sarah Hojjati Salman Vojdani Mehdi Noura -
Open Access Article
329 - The influence of variable range of motion training on hormonal responses and muscle strength
Reihaneh Esmaeeldokht -
Open Access Article
330 - Practical Strategies and Smart City Solutions to Promote Women's Security in Public Areas (Case Study: Tehran District 16)
Ali Akbari Niloofar lotfaliyan Mahsa Hasanpour -
Open Access Article
331 - A Study on the Effect of Spatial Desirability of Collective Arenas in Residential Complexes on Women's Social Empowerment
Leila Kazemi Esfanjani Mohammad Bagheri Hamidreza Azemati Bahram Salehsedgpoor Mahnaz Mahmoodizarandi -
Open Access Article
332 - Examining The Causal Relationship of Marital Conflicts Based On the Components of Forgiveness in Women Seeking Divorce
Ali Delavar Farid Ahmadrad Shadnaz NaderiThe study intended to examine the causal relationship of marital conflicts based on the components of forgiveness in women seeking divorce. The statistical population included all women who referred to judicial centers in Tehran in 1998-99. The research sample subsumed MoreThe study intended to examine the causal relationship of marital conflicts based on the components of forgiveness in women seeking divorce. The statistical population included all women who referred to judicial centers in Tehran in 1998-99. The research sample subsumed 257 females who were selected by convenient sampling method. The research design was a correlation with structural equation type. In order to collect data, the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ) of Zakir and Barati, (2008) (1387) and the Forgiveness Questionnaire (IFI) of Ehteshamzadeh et al. (2009) (1388) were used. The data analysis method was based on the structural equation procedure. The results showed; The components of forgiveness (reconnect and control, control resentment and realistic perception) had a significant direct relationship with marital conflicts and the model had an optimum goodness of fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Lived Experiences Of Married Women In The Early Marriage Problems
Ali Imanzadeh Saryeh AlipourThe aim of this study was to describe the experiences of married women problems of early marriage to determine its difficulties and problems. This study was conducted based on the qualitative approach, using phenomenological method. Participants in this study were 18 ea MoreThe aim of this study was to describe the experiences of married women problems of early marriage to determine its difficulties and problems. This study was conducted based on the qualitative approach, using phenomenological method. Participants in this study were 18 early married women who were selected by the purposive sampling. Data were collected via in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The transcribed interviews were analyzed based on Strabert and Carpenter method. The results obtained from married women lived experiences problems of early marriage included 5 main themes "the causes of early marriage", "personal effects", "educational and cultural effects", "physical disorders", "psychological and social effects" and several sub-themes The sub-themes such as a low economy, parents addiction, single-parent or foster parent, forcing , tribal culture and traditional beliefs, divorce, lack of responsibility skills, economical dependence, low education, lack of access to modern media, women's health, unwanted pregnancy, abortion, extreme fatigue, depression, social isolation and social disorders were extracted and inferred from the main themes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - The Formation of Women's Rational Personality from The Viewpoint of Quran and Hadith
Zahra Razazzadeh Mohammad Reza Hajiesmaeeli Mahdi MotiaThe present research aimed to investigate the formation of women's rational personality from the viewpoint of the Quran and hadith. The research population was revelatory verses and analysis of Islamic narrations. The research sample was Quran verses related to the subj MoreThe present research aimed to investigate the formation of women's rational personality from the viewpoint of the Quran and hadith. The research population was revelatory verses and analysis of Islamic narrations. The research sample was Quran verses related to the subject of education and women's wisdom, which, after reviewing, has investigated the formation of women's rational personality from the viewpoint of the Quran and hadith. Documentary and library methods were implemented to collect data. Based on the collected data, verses and hadiths related to women's rational education were reviewed and analyzed. The results of the study in the revelatory verses of the Quran and Islamic traditions showed that women's outstanding characteristics such as physical, mental and psychological characteristics that would depict different individual and social duties in their future lives were due to women's rational education. Such rational education was effective in shaping their rational personality. The mental and intellectual nurture of women benefited firstly, the development of their existence dimensions and secondly, the breadth of her thoughts and promotion in the new generation educating would lead to the progress of the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Grounds for The Formation of Fake Hadiths in The Field of Women
Razie ShiriniThe purpose of this study was to explain the background of the development of hadiths on women and to determine the role of each field in the development of fake hadiths. The study population included “Almozooat” books. The sample subsumed the subjects of th MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the background of the development of hadiths on women and to determine the role of each field in the development of fake hadiths. The study population included “Almozooat” books. The sample subsumed the subjects of the hadiths about women and determining the role of each field in the spread of false hadiths against women. The research design was descriptive-analytical. Data was obtained through documents and libraries. The analysis was conducted based on the obtained data from the topics and hadiths of the topic in the “Almozooat” books. The results of the research showed that the historical conditions of the Islamic society were the basis for the fake hadith about women. The grounds for fake hadith about women were divided into cultural, social and political contexts: Cultural contexts included the dominance of patriarchal culture, the existence of a negative attitude towards women's identity and the promotion of the thoughts of the believers among Muslims. The influence of religious opponents among Muslims was a political issue and the existence of social requirements in the post-Prophet era was considered as a social issue. Therefore, anti-feminist hadiths were falsified, and after the falsification, due to the acceptance by the male community and due to the negligent approach of the narrators in narrating non-commandments news and without any critique review, they were inserted in the narrative texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Social Status of Women in “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” and Zakerato Aljasad Novels
Payman SalehiThe present research intended to investigate the social status of women in the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” written by Ali Mohammad Afghani and “Zakerato Aljasad” by Ahlam Mosteghanemi. The research universe included social status of wom MoreThe present research intended to investigate the social status of women in the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” written by Ali Mohammad Afghani and “Zakerato Aljasad” by Ahlam Mosteghanemi. The research universe included social status of women in Algeria and Iran. The sample subsumed the novels; “Ahoo Khanom’s Husband” and “Zakerato Aljasad”. The research was designed as analytical and descriptive type. The data were collected through library study via reviewing scientific documents with emphasizing on the above mentioned scripts. The data were analyzed by qualative analysis based on descriptive approach. The findings revealed that both authors despite their gender, cultural, social and linguistic differences, could properly and realistically portrayed women’s violated rights images. Some common issues were seen in both novels including forced marriage, domestic work burden, deprivation of education and humiliation of women. Such problems which became major concerns for women was relatively improved by some novel women iconoclasm. In discussion about discriminations, problems such as physical abuse of women by their husbands, women role playing as men, divorce to emancipate of spouse abuse were indeed mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Barriers to Baluch Women's Participation in Economic and Social Activities
Majid Karimzadeh Mehrnaz Fayazi Faezeh MirkazehiThis study aimed to investigate the barriers to Baluch women's participation in economic and social activities in Sistan and Baluchistan Province through using the descriptive - survey method. According to official data, rate of economic and social participation of wome MoreThis study aimed to investigate the barriers to Baluch women's participation in economic and social activities in Sistan and Baluchistan Province through using the descriptive - survey method. According to official data, rate of economic and social participation of women in Sistan and Baluchestan province is less than other provinces. Therefore, the sample of the study consisted of 210 social Baluch women activist who have been selected by simple random sampling. A questionnaire developed by the researcher was used for data collection procedure, and for data analysis Student t-test, Friedman test, frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation were applied. The results indicated that the cultural structure, social structure, economic barriers, legal barriers and educational obstacles were influential in low participation of Baluch women. According to the respondents, economic barriers and social structure had the greatest effect on the participation of Baluch women in economic and social activities and educational obstacles had the least effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - The Factors Affecting the Job Promotion of Women in Managerial Positions
Mahboubeh Soleimanpour Omran Zohreh ShiraziThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate and identify the factors affecting the job promotion of women in management positions in the organization. The statistical population of the study subsumed all women in North Khorasan province administration offic MoreThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate and identify the factors affecting the job promotion of women in management positions in the organization. The statistical population of the study subsumed all women in North Khorasan province administration office and subsidiary organs which included 150 individuals. Due to the limited number of women employees in the provincial and subsidiary organs,all the members of the population were taken as sample. Research was designed as a correlation type. The data were collected through a questionnaire with 30 questions that was made of six sub scale (cognitive factors, normative factors, regulatory factors, form factors, cultural factors and promotion). Its reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alfa (0.94). The results showed that cognitive factors, normative factors, regulatory factors, form factors, cultural factors, the promotion of women in managerial positions had a positive significant relationship. Considering that each of the four factors identified in the promotion of women in the organization were associated with knowledge and planning, it is possible to improve the path of women's development to high levels of management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Comportment, steerage and Consciousness Islamic in literature the Iraqi Shia women Case Study: stories Ameneh Sadr (Bentolhoda)
Morteza Zare Beromi Sayed Adnan Eshkavari Fatemeh Kazemi Somayeh SoltaniThis study is an attempt to assess the Stories of Ameneh Sadr, So that her views be analyzed about backwardness of Muslim women and their unbridle modernism in Iraq and other Islamic countries. In this light, the stories of Sadr Should are considered in the category of MoreThis study is an attempt to assess the Stories of Ameneh Sadr, So that her views be analyzed about backwardness of Muslim women and their unbridle modernism in Iraq and other Islamic countries. In this light, the stories of Sadr Should are considered in the category of Islamic awakening literature and it comes from a social need in contemporary Iraq. The writer tries to redeem the true Islam from doubts and misinterpretations. Particular method of research is descriptive analytical and We’ll Analyze three collections of her short stories, Under the titles of "I wish I knew", "Clash of real life" and "forgone Aunt", and four long stories under the titles of "Virtue is triumphant", "two women and a man", "Meet in the hospital" and "Researcher of the truth". The results shows: Islam is the religion of love, simple life, dignity, chastity and trust. Trust in God is the key to human relaxation and comfort. Bareness is not a sign of freedom and social equal rights for women but also Bareness is the beginning of the Ruining for women. Islamic dress is not frock. Islam has no objection to female literacy and women's participation in social activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - The Efficacy Of Educational Intervention Based On Health Belief And Self-Efficacy Model On Psychological And Physical Health Promotion Behaviors In Menopausal Women
Maryam Behnam moradi hasan Ahadi mohammad reza SeirafiThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational intervention based on health belief model and self-efficacy on psychological and physical health promotion behaviors of menopausal women working in Tehran's nongovernmental schools in 1396. The MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational intervention based on health belief model and self-efficacy on psychological and physical health promotion behaviors of menopausal women working in Tehran's nongovernmental schools in 1396. The statistical population consisted of all girls' non-governmental schools in Tehran. Among them, 60 menopausal women were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly were assigned in two experimental and control groups (each group 30). The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. Data were collected by Walker Standard Questionnaire (2014). The experimental group was trained in 6 sessions of 2 hours each on health promoting behaviors. The data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that education was effective in improving the health promotion behaviors in experimental group and there was a significant difference between the menopausal women of the two groups (P <0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - The Effects of Micro Credit Accounts Of Rural Women
Masoud Samian Ahmad Yaghoubi Farani Khalil Mirzaei Marjan Ebrahimi Mino AziziThis study was intended to investigate the economic, social and cultural effects of rural women’s micro credits accounts in Hamedan Province. The study was designed as a survey research which was conducted in second half of 2013. The population of this study were MoreThis study was intended to investigate the economic, social and cultural effects of rural women’s micro credits accounts in Hamedan Province. The study was designed as a survey research which was conducted in second half of 2013. The population of this study were the rural women enrolled in such micro credits accounts in Karim Abad and Parluk villages in Saleh Abad County in Hamedan Province which was investigated and analyzed as a total population sampling. Questionnaire was used for data collection, but interview, observation and field study were also implemented. The face validity and the reliability of the questionnaire were examined which were quite acceptable. To analyze data, factor analysis was utilized to find the key factors which was conducted by SPSS software. The results showed that there were five main key factors affecting the micro credit accounts of rural women which were presented based on the following variances value: economic and motivation issues (16.051), lack of social damages (14.701), satisfaction (14.545), occupation empowering (9.057) and investment development (7.307). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Review Of Women's Role And Position In Parthian Era
Maryam Ghasemnezhad Hosein KohestaniThe aim of the current research was to study the position and role of women in Parthian era in the history of Iran. The research was as descriptive-analytic one. The implemented method was library study and followed Parthian women’s trace in history base on archae MoreThe aim of the current research was to study the position and role of women in Parthian era in the history of Iran. The research was as descriptive-analytic one. The implemented method was library study and followed Parthian women’s trace in history base on archaeological data and Parthian art. The influence of Greek art and culture on Parthian women’s dress was also investigated. The findings of the research revealed out that women’s role in society in Parthian era was less than Achaemenes era but more attention to women’s Pictography in Parthian era was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Women’s Feature in Contemporary Poetry In Egypt
Abdol Reza Attashi Mojde MorshediThe purpose of this study was to deliberate the Arab contemporary poetry about women based on Hafez Abraham, the Egypt contemporary poet; his point of view on women’s freedom and their role in policy, science and education. The study was designed as narrative and MoreThe purpose of this study was to deliberate the Arab contemporary poetry about women based on Hafez Abraham, the Egypt contemporary poet; his point of view on women’s freedom and their role in policy, science and education. The study was designed as narrative and analytic. The result showed that he objected to the unconstrained freedom in his poetries and described the women’s freedom in Islamic domains. Also this neoclassic poet believed in the role of women in all areas such as policy, science and education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - The Moderating Role of Social Approval Perception on the Relationship between the Intention to Sexual Harassment and Sexual Harassment towards Women in the Workplace
Monireh Sadat Hosseini Ali Mehdad Majid SaffariniaThe aim of this research was investigating the moderating role of social approval perception on relationship between intention to sexual harassment and sexual harassment towards women in workplace. The research statistical population included all bank offices, sto MoreThe aim of this research was investigating the moderating role of social approval perception on relationship between intention to sexual harassment and sexual harassment towards women in workplace. The research statistical population included all bank offices, stock exchange, and insurance agencies male employee in Tehran city. The sample consisted 273 individuals whom were selected based on convenience sampling procedure among the population. The research was applied one concerning the object and correlational descriptive with respect to method. The data collected via the implementation of Fitzgerald & et al. Sexual Harassment of Women (1995), Hosseini, Mehdad & Saffarinia Intention to Sexual Harassment (2022) and Hosseini, Mehdad & Saffarinia Social Approval Perception (2022) questionnaires. Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM). The finding showed that there was a significant positive relationship between intention to sexual harassment with sexual harassment of women (p≤0.05). Moreover, social approval perception could significantly moderate the relationship between intention to sexual harassment and sexual harassment of women (p≤0.05). In other words, in men with low social approval perception, the intention to sexual harassment did not lead to sexual harassment of women, but in men with high social approval perception, the intention to sexual harassment led to sexual harassment of women. With considering the moderating role of social approval perception in relationship between intention to sexual harassment and sexual harassment of women, to prevent sexual harassment of women at workplace, there is a need for cooperation of the organization’ members in recognizing sexual harassment of women, intolerance with its occurrence, as well as organizational intervention policies to deal with the transformation of intention in to behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Sociological Explanation of Women's Participation Affecting Factors in Public Sports in Gorgan
Mazanin Hosseini Karimabadi Akbar Talebpour Akbar AfarineshkhakiThe aim of this study was to explain the sociology of factors affecting women's participation in public sports in Gorgan. This research was a qualitative in which the Grounded Theory method was used. The statistical population of this study included elite female athlete MoreThe aim of this study was to explain the sociology of factors affecting women's participation in public sports in Gorgan. This research was a qualitative in which the Grounded Theory method was used. The statistical population of this study included elite female athletes, coaches and experts in the field of public sports, specialists and professors of physical education and sports sciences. Using snowball sampling method, 15 individuals were selected as the sample. In order to ensure the reliability of the obtained data, two methods of retest reliability and intercoder reliability were applied. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Based on the analysis, 46 open codes were extracted, which were classified into 5 categories (subcategories): personal barriers, family barriers, facilities and economic barriers, cultural barriers and social barriers. According to the results, it could be concluded that part of the barriers to women's participation in public sports were related to personal factors and the other part was related to environmental and social factors. It is suggested that by increasing women's awareness about the benefits of physical activity and also removing some cultural, environmental and social barriers, the necessary ground for women to participate more in public sports should be provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - The Status of Women and Music in the Safavid Era and Its Representation in the Persian Paintings of Shah Tahmasb’s Shah-Nameh
Fatemeh Soqra Ghazanfari Zahra TabatabaiiThis study aimed to investigate the Persian paintings of Tahmasbi’s Shah-nameh and women's lifestyle and music in that era. This is a fundamental research with a descriptive-historical method and social analysis has been applied for studying the Persian paintings MoreThis study aimed to investigate the Persian paintings of Tahmasbi’s Shah-nameh and women's lifestyle and music in that era. This is a fundamental research with a descriptive-historical method and social analysis has been applied for studying the Persian paintings and the role and status of women and music in the Safavid era. The data were collected in library. Analysis of three Persian paintings of Tahmasbi’s Shah-nameh showed the proficiency and talent of the women artists in Safavid era in general and in Shah Tahmasb’s era in particular. The results showed that, given the importance of Shah Tahmasbi’s Shah-nameh, Shah Tahmasb’s penance had not only a great impact on Iran’s political, social, and cultural conditions but also made women more restricted than the previous eras. Accordingly, the music was boycotted and musicians endured many hardships. Although, repentance of Shah Tahmasb suppressed the activity of musicians and naturally, the activity of women, there are some Persian paintings containing women playing harp and tambourine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Problematic Features of women in the Statements of His Excellency Amiralmomenan (AS)
Akram Ahmadian Ahmadabadi Mojtaba SepahiIn this study, the goal was to consider speech of Imam Ali (AS) addressed the characteristics of the females those which if not managed properly, could become serious problematic. The research method was a library and descriptive-analytic type referring to the words of MoreIn this study, the goal was to consider speech of Imam Ali (AS) addressed the characteristics of the females those which if not managed properly, could become serious problematic. The research method was a library and descriptive-analytic type referring to the words of Imam Ali (AS) in various sources, especially in Nahj al-Balagha, with a problem-oriented approach. The findings of the study included the introduction and analysis such features like intensity of emotions,­ quick verbal and behavioral response, desire to show up, body elegance and special features of the women. So since women are as half of the human society and pillar of upbringing and source of emotions in the family and also, due to the reason of the communities complex structure and the extent of communication and a multiplicity of roles and social responsibility in the present, addressing the issue of women pathology has become very important, because securing women's lives could better protect them and the family and the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Women Of Papi Tribe Indigenous Knowledge In Hide Livestock Manufacturing As Dairy Products Process Device And Storage
Mohammad Avatefi Hemmat Ahmad BazgirThe objective of present study was to document indigenous knowledge of making water skin and other handmade of hide livestocks that were used for processing and storage dairy products. The research conducted in villages and nomad women from Madhani tribe of Papi confede MoreThe objective of present study was to document indigenous knowledge of making water skin and other handmade of hide livestocks that were used for processing and storage dairy products. The research conducted in villages and nomad women from Madhani tribe of Papi confederacy in Kakasharaf region of Khorramabad county, Lorestan province. The research method was ethnography with applying semi structured interviews and participatory observation. The results showed that villager and nomad women made two types of musk one of them, “mashk-e Du” for processing yoghurt and storage Doogh, and another one “Mashk-e Aow” for carrying and storage drinking water. In addition, local women make “Hiza” for storage ghee and “Kervel” for storage butter from ruminant coats. These handicrafts are symbol of the nomads and rural communities which come out of rich gender traditional knowledge. No synthetic nor chemical materials were used during the making process of these storages. The products were stored or processed in them seeded to be healthy and homemade which the user demands increase for them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Suad Al-Sabah And J. Farahani Poetry Sense Aesthetic Review With A Focus On Women And Women's Emotions
Majid Mohammadi Afsane MalekiThe purpose of this research was to compare the most important emotional themes of Farahani and Sabah's poems and thoughts expression about women and women's emotions. The results of this descriptive-analytic research indicated that their lyrics included the issue of wo MoreThe purpose of this research was to compare the most important emotional themes of Farahani and Sabah's poems and thoughts expression about women and women's emotions. The results of this descriptive-analytic research indicated that their lyrics included the issue of women in the patriarchal society in one hand and, the expression of a delicate soul of women on the other hand; and since these two poets lived in relatively similar cultural and social conditions and suffered from the patriarchal system, the reflection of common thoughts and emotions in their poems were seen naturally. Issues such as love, sympathy, idealism, oppression and protest against the woman's contempt were the most prominent themes and axes of Sa'ad and Jaleh's emotional poetry, which came from the beautiful and rich experience of the inner world of the poet. And were transmitted expressly to the audience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - The Role of the Mass Media in Promoting the Culture of Hijab and Chastity Among Women
Mehrdad MataniThis study aimed to investigate the role of the mass media in promoting the culture of hijab and chastity among women. The statistical population of the study included faculty members, students, and employees at Azad University of Qaemshahr. A total of 681 subjects (370 MoreThis study aimed to investigate the role of the mass media in promoting the culture of hijab and chastity among women. The statistical population of the study included faculty members, students, and employees at Azad University of Qaemshahr. A total of 681 subjects (370 students, 175 faculty members, and 136 employees) were selected using stratified random sampling. This study was practical in terms of objective and a descriptive survey in terms of nature and methodology. The study Data collection tools included a researcher-developed questionnaire. Face validity and content validity of the measurement tool were ensured, and the reliability of the questionnaire was reported to be 84% using Cronbach’s alpha. To test the hypotheses of the study, one-sample t-test and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were carried out using SPSS 16. The results showed that the mass media can be effective in promoting the culture of hijab and chastity by transmission and provision of constructive information and training, promotion of appropriate fashion styles for women’s clothing, honoring the value of hijab, homogenization of public opinion and creation of an atmosphere, socialization, and acculturation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - The Effect of the Principle of Women's Privacy on The Architecture Of Iranian Houses, Based On Islamic Teachings
Hamed Hayaty Ahmad Aminpour Ramin MadaniThe purpose of this research was to explain the concept of the privacy of women, based on Islamic teachings, and the implementation of the confidentiality of attributes in Aleyasin the traditional House, based on Islamic teachings. Women have specific characteristics an MoreThe purpose of this research was to explain the concept of the privacy of women, based on Islamic teachings, and the implementation of the confidentiality of attributes in Aleyasin the traditional House, based on Islamic teachings. Women have specific characteristics and needs, due to their specific nature. Paying attention to the woman is very important in relation to the formation of architectural spaces. Islamic teachings have a special emphasis on the principle of privacy and compliance at home. The objective manifestation of this subject is exploratory and studying in house architecture, with the definition of traditional houses. The traditional Iranian architects have considered the confidentiality, in the construction of buildings, especially houses, as a fundamental principle. Therefore, the question was raised as to how the verses and Islamic narratives emphasize the creation of the principle of privacy for women at home, and how was the principle of confidentiality and its application to the verses and Islamic traditions in the home? To answer this question, the present study focused on the Aleyasin House in Kashan, as an important case in Kashan. The research method was a descriptive-analytic, in such a way that, by examining the verses and narrations, and applying them to the confidentiality of the examples, in the architecture of Aleyasin house, we could say that the principle of confidentiality manifested itself in the building therefore, it is visual, and it has been created through hierarchy and introversion. These principles correspond to the verses of the Quran and Islamic narrations. In the past, architects have been advocating for confidentiality in the building, not only for women, but also for homeowners using these strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Analysis Of Female Character In Jamal Nasari Lyrics Mirror
Ali Akbar Mohseni Mohammad Bostan Behnaz NazariThe present study aimed to investigate the female aspect from the perspective of Nasari. Addressing women's role and showing real and sometimes ethereal figures of women in all historical periods of Arab literature, is seen in the works of many poets and writers. But co MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the female aspect from the perspective of Nasari. Addressing women's role and showing real and sometimes ethereal figures of women in all historical periods of Arab literature, is seen in the works of many poets and writers. But contemporary poets with new and different look than in the past; focused on the subject of women. Jamal Nasari of those poets whose poems in the collection of the same name in different threads to express their feelings and ideas and personal concern for the social, political and cultural benefit. This study intended to examine different aspects of women's role in Nasari poetry. Nasari in many positions held an optimistic bias towards women and at the same time his pessimistic words and ideas against women were not rare. The findings of this descriptive-analytic study proposed issues such as lack of society attention to woman emotions, a symbol of chastity, a man woman comforting, sad parting of lovers, shelter and support, etc., as well as to describes negative attitudes the poet dealt to. Therefore, by examining the lyrics of the poet the results indicated that the Nasari poems did not include describing the physical characteristics of women, but were symbols of the concepts and themes of the poet to express his feelings through it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Analysis Of Women Veiling Culture In The Popular Samak-E-Ayar Tales
Asieh Zabihnia EmranOne of the main cultural elements existing in each society is the kind of clothes they wear. The main objective of the present study was to investigate women’s wearing in folklore tale called “Samak Ayyar”. This study covers women’s wear in Khora MoreOne of the main cultural elements existing in each society is the kind of clothes they wear. The main objective of the present study was to investigate women’s wearing in folklore tale called “Samak Ayyar”. This study covers women’s wear in Khorasan region about the late sixth and early seventh century AH. Seljuk area is the most important one because Iranians were the most powerful in this era and their political geographical domain was very vast and Seljuk kings were really attached to cultural and artistic development. Through this era, women’s were not at all different from men’s. Women’s clothes in early sixth century was similar to previous era. Women’s wears except for their mask and snood, were changeable; however, their clothes was accompanied with some kind of simplicity. In Samak Ayyar, the details of form and design of garments haven’t been included. The present study attempted to investigate and analyze various women’s wearing like snood, garments and shoes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - The Validity، Reliability and Factor Structure of the Short Version of Attitude toward Women Scale
Negar Sadeghi Negar Sadeghi Alireza Moradi Shahram MohammadkhaniThe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the 15-items short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) (Spence & Helmreich, 1978). The Persian short version of AWS was administrated on Kharazmi students (150 fem MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the 15-items short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) (Spence & Helmreich, 1978). The Persian short version of AWS was administrated on Kharazmi students (150 females, 100males)that was selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling. The validity of the scale was assessed by Explanatory factor analysis and convergent validity. Explanatory Factor analyses indicated one factor model. Moreover, convergent validity of the AWS with the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) was satisfactory .also The Cronbach’s alpha(0/60) and item-rest correlations indicated that reliability of the scale was satisfactory. According to these results, The Persian short version of Attitude toward Women Scale (AWS) may be a useful tool in assessing gender role attitudes and can be used gender studies in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - The Woman and Her Romantic Relationships In Nezami's Poetry and Sohrab Sepehri Poems
Ramin Khosravi EghbalThe purpose of this research was to compare the romantic relationships from the viewpoints of Nezami Ganjavi and Sohrab Sepehri, who belonged to the two different literary and historical periods of Iran country. The two poets had different attitudes toward romance in te MoreThe purpose of this research was to compare the romantic relationships from the viewpoints of Nezami Ganjavi and Sohrab Sepehri, who belonged to the two different literary and historical periods of Iran country. The two poets had different attitudes toward romance in terms of sociology, psychology and literature. The epistemic differences between the two poets had influenced their point of view toward moral and romantic relationships and shaped the recognition and definition of "woman". The applied method was a comparative and descriptive one, and was based on the works of the two poets concerned to romantic relationships. The findings showed that Nezami Ganjavi, according to personal and experiences of his own life, and social, economic and political conditions, reached a particular attitude toward woman and her relations as a personal style, and in other hand, Sohrab Sepehri regarding all components of modern life and his personal experiences had presented a unique viewpoint on romantic relationships. Eventually, the research concluded that the romantic relationships in Nezami’s lyrics stories has been often carnal and terrestrial so that the poet with a powerful tool in describing dramatic and imaginative, would take the readers to the feast, pleasure and jollity, while the ”love” in Sepehri’s poems had been limited to spiritual and mental aspects and we are facing an ethereal beloved in poet’s soul and worlds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Comparison of Personality Traits and Stress Coping Styles Among Woman Supported By Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (Ra) and Ordinary Women
Somayeh Mohit Parviz AskaryThe aim of this study was to compare personality traits and stress coping styles among woman who were supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) and ordinary women. This study was a causal-comparative study. The sample subsumed 270 (135 divorced and 135 ordinary w MoreThe aim of this study was to compare personality traits and stress coping styles among woman who were supported by Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) and ordinary women. This study was a causal-comparative study. The sample subsumed 270 (135 divorced and 135 ordinary women) women and normal women whom were selected through simple random sampling .The research instruments included NEO Personality TraitsQuestionnaires (1985) and Flkmn Lazarus Coping Styles Scale (1985) .The data was analyzed by using multivariate analyzes of variance (MANOVA). Both groups answered to the questionnaires. The results showed that there were significant differences between personality traits (Extroversion, Neuroticism, Flexibility, Pleasure, Conscientiousness) and coping styles (Excitement oriented and Problem oriented) in divorced women under the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee coverage and the normal women. In other words, the mean of divorced women in comparison with normal women had a lower mean in terms of extraversion, flexibility and pleasantness and conscientiousness. In contrast, the mean of neuroticism had a higher score and in terms of coping style, normal women were more likely to have more excitement-oriented coping styles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Analysis of Women's Dressing Cultural Policies
Mehraban Hadi Paykani Nazanin Mohamadvand GalojehThe study aim was to analyze the state cultural policy in the veiling of women and girls in Iranian society. For this purpose by applying a quality method all the documents, acts and the main texts of the tree cultural policy makers in the field of women's dressing, the MoreThe study aim was to analyze the state cultural policy in the veiling of women and girls in Iranian society. For this purpose by applying a quality method all the documents, acts and the main texts of the tree cultural policy makers in the field of women's dressing, the Supreme Revolutionary Cultural Council, Parliament and Presidential Administration Women's Affairs and Family Deputy were gathered and analyzed. Most of the policies developed after the Revolution by the relevant organizations faced limited success and despite all of the state capacities of reward and punishment for the realization of these policies that were imposed were not effectively enough successful. Factors such as the lack of a comprehensive definition of dress and veil in legislation outputs, the different notions about the type of dressing in the society, ambiguity in acts, personalization of the implemented policies in the field of women's clothing, structural incoordination, limited attention to cultural policies and lack of coordination of policies and regulatory approvals to the society conditions and lack of good governance, justice factors were some of the reasons for not being enough success of the policy in the field of women's clothing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Violence against Women in the Poetry of Contemporary Iraqi Poets and its Causes (Case study: Rassafi, Zahavi, Siyab and Malaekeh)
Mostafa Travideh Peyman SalehiThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the concept of violence against women in the poems of four contemporary Iraqi poets including Rassafi, Zahawi, Siyab, Malaekehand and their point of views on the phenomenon of violence against women by referring to the MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the concept of violence against women in the poems of four contemporary Iraqi poets including Rassafi, Zahawi, Siyab, Malaekehand and their point of views on the phenomenon of violence against women by referring to their poems based on cultural critique and applying the descriptive-analytical method. Violence against women is a bitter phenomenon with a long history, having physical, psychological, sexual, social and economic dimensions that still exist in human societies. The results of the study indicated that the poets had reflected different types of violence against women, such as denial of women participation in the community and their enjoyment of scientific and cultural development, using women as sexual goods, contempt, threats to divorce and wandering, maltreatment, physical punishment, and denying their right to choose a spouse. The poets had also been severely affected by sexual deviation of women caused by the pressure of poverty, the lack of support and social organizations, and unfair slaughter of women based on the tribe tradition of wiping out disgrace. These posts have considered that the education of a noble, free and brave generation for the community depends on women's enjoyment of an honorable life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Identifying The Factors Affecting The Balance Between Work And Life In Employed Women
Marzie Davoodi Morad ShamsiThe purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors on the balance between work and life in employed women. The method of this research was descriptive-analytic, based on library information study. By studying previous research, sources and existing texts th MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors on the balance between work and life in employed women. The method of this research was descriptive-analytic, based on library information study. By studying previous research, sources and existing texts the factors that had an important role in determining the balance between work and life in employed women were identified. The concepts of work and family had the strongest link with the individual and the community, so that the balance between them considered as an important one. If the relationship between work and family life was not managed, the conflict between them would lead to irreparable losses for the individual, organization and society. The results indicated that family support, organizational support, job satisfaction, job motivation, work flexibility, individual resources and quality of life were as factors affecting the balance or imbalance between work and life of working women in the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Explaining The Sociological Problems Of Women Cooperatives By Focusing On Managers’ Needed Capabilities
Nasim Izadi Pouria Ataei Ahmad Yaghoubi FaraniThe aim of this study was to investigate the women cooperatives problems via focusing on the managers’ needed capabilities by qualitative method. Observation and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The population were executive managers of women MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the women cooperatives problems via focusing on the managers’ needed capabilities by qualitative method. Observation and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The population were executive managers of women cooperatives in Hamedan province (55 executive managers), who were interviewed as all the numbers. The deductive content analysis, coding and classification methods was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the problems of women cooperatives included: restrictions within the family, worry about the life responsibilities, support organizations poor performance, financial problems, gender discrimination, poor health, worrying about the future and weaknesses in communication. The problems could be more generally fit into four categories: the problems of psychological, sociological, economic and administrative entity. Finally, these four categories could be classified in two general categories, problems with interpersonal and intrapersonal problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - The Effectiveness of Spirituality Training on Resilience, Self-esteem and Self-reliance in the Family Caretaker divorced women
Reza Soltani Jalal Vahhabie Shahnaz KhaleghipourThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of spirituality training on resilience, self-esteem and Self-reliance in the in the family caretaker divorced women who was covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. 30 women were randomly selected among MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of spirituality training on resilience, self-esteem and Self-reliance in the in the family caretaker divorced women who was covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee. 30 women were randomly selected among the population via simple sampling method. They were assigned in two experimental and control groups 15 each. The research design was semi-experimental, Pre-test and post-test were conducted on the participants. The instruments used in the research study were Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale (2003), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (1965) and a Self-reliance Questionnaire adapted based on the value system proposed by Schwartz (2004. The experimental group was exposed to eight ninety-minute sessions of spirituality instruction. Control group received none. Data were analyzed by using multivariate covariance analysis. The results of data analysis showed that spirituality training program had influenced resilience, self-esteem and self-reliance of women who were family caretakers and this effect for each of the variables of the study was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - The Study of the Most Important Barriers Affecting The Employment Of Rural
Mahmoud Akharti Elahe Ahangri Mohammad TahanThe purpose of this study was to investigate the most important barriers affecting the employment of rural women. The statistical population included all rural women in Zorkouh city in 2017 (19737 individuals according to the latest census); 358 of them were selected us MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the most important barriers affecting the employment of rural women. The statistical population included all rural women in Zorkouh city in 2017 (19737 individuals according to the latest census); 358 of them were selected using simple sampling method. The research design was comparative descriptive. The data were collected by implementing a researcher-initiated questionnaire for measuring the barriers of women's employment. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance was used. The results showed that there was a significant difference between employed and housewives in social and cultural barriers (P = 0.003), educational management barriers (P = 0.048) and technical barriers (P = 0.001), but there was no any significant difference in economic barriers (P = 0.999), psychological barriers (P = 0.440) and policy barriers (P = 0.084). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Qualitative Investigating Of Effective Factors on Adjustment during Post-Divorce Situation among Divorced Women (Phenomenological Study)
Masome Esmaeili Mina AkhondiDarzi Somayeh KazemainThis qualitative study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting adjustment during post-divorce period. Statistical population of this study included those women who spent more than 3 years after divorce. Among them, purposive sampling was processed till the sa MoreThis qualitative study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting adjustment during post-divorce period. Statistical population of this study included those women who spent more than 3 years after divorce. Among them, purposive sampling was processed till the saturated conditions (15 adjusted women and 15 unadjusted women). The research implemented a semi-structured interview for gathering necessary information. After analyzing the content of interviews and final coding, two main indicators were extracted: internal and external factors affecting the adjustment with post-divorce conditions, and internal and external factors affecting incompatibility with post-divorce conditions. Result showed that internal factors included relying on self-ability, being aware of self-worth, hardiness and resilience, positive thinking, solving unfavorable past and focusing on favorable present and future making, doing favorite activities, believe in being and supporting a superior existence, mental wealth, efforts to improve the financial condition and having the life skills. External factors included presence and consent of the presence of child, wise use of available support resources and wise use of organizational support resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Effectiveness Of Emotions-oriented Therapy on Subjective Well-Being and Socio-Personal Adjustment in Divorced Women
Shima Nasri Keywan Kakabraei Mohammad SharifiThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotions-oriented therapy on subjective well-being and socio-personal adjustment of divorced women member of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation of Paveh. From the statistical population, 30 people were selected by MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotions-oriented therapy on subjective well-being and socio-personal adjustment of divorced women member of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation of Paveh. From the statistical population, 30 people were selected by convince sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Emotion-focused therapy was performed for 9 sessions of 45 minutes each on the experimental group and control subjects were placed on the waiting list. The research tools were California Social Adjustment (1953) and Life Satisfaction Scale (1985). Multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that emotional therapy was effective on mental well-being and individual socio-personal adjustment. The exerted procedure led to increased satisfaction with life, individual adaptability and social adjustment in the experimental group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Globalization of Culture and Traditional Clothing of Ethnic Identities With Emphasis On Survival Of Kurdish Women's Clothing In West Of Iran
Shima Karimpour Marzieh PiravivanakThe purpose of this study was to describe the authenticity of the women's clothing industry, identifying the identity of the traditional garment, and, consequently, the process of globalization as one of the main reasons for identity stripping, to be explained by its im MoreThe purpose of this study was to describe the authenticity of the women's clothing industry, identifying the identity of the traditional garment, and, consequently, the process of globalization as one of the main reasons for identity stripping, to be explained by its impact on the design of a new traditional garment. The research population was the Kurdish women, relying on objective evidence of the Kurdish women dressing in western Iran and at the same time observing the Kurdish women clothes living in Western countries through internet and virtual networks. In the present paper, the method of descriptive-analytical research was used and the data was collected from library, online and field observation with data gathering tools such as index cards and computers and finally the traditional Kurdish women's clothing of western Iran was compared with traditional Kurdish women's clothing in Non-Iranian societies. After identifying one of the main causes of the change in these traditional garments in other countries, the modified structure of Kurdish women's clothing was described and the reasons for maintaining original structure in western Iran was investigated. Finally, the results showed that traditional Kurdish women's clothing in the countries containing the ethnic population of these people, influenced by the cultural effects of globalization in the design of fashion and clothing, has a minimalistic (minimal) structure and the components and indications that are the main factor Identity to this garment has been simplified or lost, and in different parts of it, aesthetic values have been overcome by beliefs and functions. Meanwhile, the causes of the survival of this garment in its original structure in western Iran can be attributed to the efficient planning of the state in preserving ethnic identities, the persistence of the Iranian Kurds and their ethnic traditions, even the most superficial cultural expressions, and ultimately their own characteristics In line with the Islamic culture's clothing of Islamic culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - A Study of Feminine Style In "Acacia Alley" Novel by Raziyeh Tojar
Faezeh Arab Yousef-abadi Shahla KalbaliThe purpose of this article was to extract the effective female-gender components in the style of the “Acacia's Alley” novel written by Raziyeh Tojar. According to preliminary results, these components were: female language, feminine affection and cultural i MoreThe purpose of this article was to extract the effective female-gender components in the style of the “Acacia's Alley” novel written by Raziyeh Tojar. According to preliminary results, these components were: female language, feminine affection and cultural issues related to women in this novel. The female language in this novel was characterized by the repetition of words or parts of sentences to stress the desired emotional sense. In this novel, most women refuse to use definitive words and their discourse was infused with a bit of prolongation. The presence of more than 298 color-related terms and the frequency of using different colors with their details in the language of novel’s characters has bestowed a feminine flavor to this novel. Moreover, the motherly affection represented one of the strongest forms of emotions in this novel. Underusing of curses emphasized its feminine style here, for reasons such as cultural and educational poverty of women in ambiguous situations, a tendency towards superstitions and folk beliefs had gained prominence. In this novel, there were various examples of cultural and social issues, which showed that women's social rights were not equal to men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Model Designing of Determining Factors Affecting Violence Against Women
Mehran Sohrabzade Zahra NouriThe purpose of this study was to identify determining factors on violence against women and designing a comprehensive model of the domestic violence influential factors against women. Statistical population was the research articles that published by valid scientific so MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify determining factors on violence against women and designing a comprehensive model of the domestic violence influential factors against women. Statistical population was the research articles that published by valid scientific sociology and psychology journals about violence against women, during two decades between 1378 to 1398. Thirty-five standard studies were selected as the research sample after ranking the articles then were reviewed. The research design was a qualitative and meta-synthesis. After extracting the effective factors on violence against women, the results indicated that 64 determining factors affecting violence against women were identified, then verified by professionals in women and family affairs. Ultimately the factors were approved and classified in 8 categories. As conclusion the study explained the 8 factors as medical, family, personal, psychological, social, cultural and juridical and their extensions, as determining factors in violence against women, then introduced these factors as a inclusive model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - The Role and Position Of Palestinian Women In The Poem Of Haroon Hashem Rashid (Case Study of Diwan Wardeh Ala Jabin Al-Quds)
Ali Khezri Simin Zeyaei The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and position of Palestinian women in the poet of Haroon Hashem Rashid. Regarding the important role of women in the fight scene, in this research it was attempted to examine the most importan More The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and position of Palestinian women in the poet of Haroon Hashem Rashid. Regarding the important role of women in the fight scene, in this research it was attempted to examine the most important aspects of women's persistence in the book of ' Wardeh Ala al-Jabin Al-Quds'. Haroon Hashem is a Palestinian poet who has paid special attention to presence of women and their perseverance in the path of resistance. The research method was descriptive-analytic and it was developed by reviewing. The results of this study, based on examination of available documents, showed that Haroon Hashem rarely expresses romantic feelings and emotions of women and their apparent beauty and most of his poetry themes were description of debasement rejection, responsibility and patience of Palestinian women. He believes that Palestinian women are symbol of patience and endurance and they never give up, and in the absence of their spouse, they bear the responsibility of growing up and educating their children to give an ideal generation to their community. Therefore, poet with true emotions kept his poetry away from material aspect and brough his poetic language closer to the virtuous poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Anthropological Study Of Feminine Narratives From The Imposed War Era.
Minoo SalimiThe purpose of this study was to discuss a narrative of lived experience of the war that shaped and represented the women life experiences. Women who had been involved in some kind of war or have lived directly in it. The present study was intended to study the anthropo MoreThe purpose of this study was to discuss a narrative of lived experience of the war that shaped and represented the women life experiences. Women who had been involved in some kind of war or have lived directly in it. The present study was intended to study the anthropology of female narratives from the imposed war period. The method of this study was field study (participatory observation, facts documentation and narrative interview). The research conducted in-depth interviews with fifty women in Sarpo-le-Zahab and Ghasreshirin in Kermanshah province who had lived and experienced the imposed war so that women's verbal narratives could be integrated to ultimately represent the women's narrative imposed war. Research findings showed that war had negative effects on the lives of women and posed them as one of the main victims of the war. The lived experience of the women after the war, in contrast to the war itself, which was enclosed and terminated at a particular time and place, was extended over time and place and formed a link between the past, the present and the future, and make changes in their lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - The Effectiveness of Group Logo-Therapy on the Sense of Loneliness and Death Anxiety in Elderly Women
Vahid Mostafapour abdollah motamedi Hossein FarrokhiThe current research was conducted with the goal of examining the effectiveness of group logo-therapy on the sense of loneliness and death anxiety of elderly women in Birjand. The statistical population included all elderly women in birjand city in 2017. 30 of them were MoreThe current research was conducted with the goal of examining the effectiveness of group logo-therapy on the sense of loneliness and death anxiety of elderly women in Birjand. The statistical population included all elderly women in birjand city in 2017. 30 of them were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and control, 15 individuals each. The research method was a quasi-experimental and pre-test and post-test design with control group was used. To collect data the UCLA loneliness Scale and Collett-Lester (1969) Death Anxiety Scale were utilized. The elderly of the experimental group received Anderson (2007), Blair (2004) and Hutzel (2002) for 8 sessions of 90-minutes intervention. The gathered data were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of covariance MANCOVA. The result showed the effectiveness of logo-therapy on the sense of loneliness and death anxiety and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Study of Women's Clothing in the Sixth Century (AH) and its Impact on the Social Status of Women Based on Enamel -Work Pottery Figures
Khadijeh Sharif Kazemi Fakhredin Mohamadian Sayyed Rasool Mousavi HajiThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the type of Iranian women's clothing in the sixth century (AH), and its impact on the social status of women of that period based on the enamel -work paintings. The population of the present study was the female motifs MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the type of Iranian women's clothing in the sixth century (AH), and its impact on the social status of women of that period based on the enamel -work paintings. The population of the present study was the female motifs on the enamel -work pottery which have been studied based on objective documentation of women's clothing. This research was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method. To collect data library resources and field studies were used via visiting and examining clay art collections. The rational and methodological study of archaeological evidence, examples of how the clothing of past societies can play an important role in rebuilding their social and cultural system. Archaeological evidence in the middle period of Islam such as paintings and paintings on enamel -work and luster painted potteries could be valuable in recognizing and reflecting the attitudes and influences of social and cultural structures on women's clothes in this period. The results of this study showed that there were several factors in this course such as the type of climate of the region, the pattern of the traditional styles, indigenous styles, and the type of demand for quality and the appearance of clothing has been impressive. The type of women's clothing in this period was proportional to the social atmosphere and the venue in which they would attend. In fact, the themes and types of motifs on the women's clothing of the Seljuk period can represent a part of the culture and position of the women of that period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Characterization of Women in “Herus” Novel
Monireh Heydari Hossein Parsaei Hesam ZiaeeThe purpose of this study was to review the characterizations of women in “Herus” novels. Choosing the right characters, with their unique traits and abilities, is one of the most important storytelling techniques. The characters in the novel or the story ar MoreThe purpose of this study was to review the characterizations of women in “Herus” novels. Choosing the right characters, with their unique traits and abilities, is one of the most important storytelling techniques. The characters in the novel or the story are the people who play a role in their actions and speech. This paper, in a descriptive-analytic way, examined the personalities and characterizations of women in the “Herus” novel of Nasim Marashi, in their various dimensions. In this story, Marashi narrated the fate of a war-torn family over a long period of time (from the beginning of the war and after) using multiple narrative spaces. The results suggested that the mental space reflected the characters and the pain they felt in their minds and hearts through the irreparable damage of war. Most female characters in this story were dynamic because during the events of war, life's hopes and excitement, and the energies of constructive and creativity, lost their color in the characters, and caused changes in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Women Perception Of Urban Spaces After The Development Plan Using The Grounded Theory
Hamid Pour hosein roshan Hashem Dadash pourThe main purpose of this research was to identify the effective dimensions of women perception of urban space and initiate a new women perception theory on the consequences of the Imam Reza's sister Shrine Development Plan. The present study was a qualitative and its me MoreThe main purpose of this research was to identify the effective dimensions of women perception of urban space and initiate a new women perception theory on the consequences of the Imam Reza's sister Shrine Development Plan. The present study was a qualitative and its method was ethnography. Data were collected by using participatory observation methods and interview technique. To analyze the data and provide the ultimate theory the "Grounded Theory" methodology was applied. In according to qualitative sampling and theoretical saturation criterion, thirty-seven women of 20 to 40 years old participated in the study. Using "Grounded Theory" methodology and encrypts the data, ten category and one final core were extracted. The final result of the research had emphasized on the "return to previous safety and comfort of the space." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - The Review of Association Of Ethical Climate With Business Performance Of Women: Mediating Role Of Ethical Behavior
Parvaneh Gelard Maryam Hosseiny Amer Dehghan NajmabadiOne of the effective factors in the women's business is the ethical climate. The studies indicated that the female entrepreneurs was attracted towards moral issues in their own organizations. Regarding the importance of ethics in the women's business success, this study MoreOne of the effective factors in the women's business is the ethical climate. The studies indicated that the female entrepreneurs was attracted towards moral issues in their own organizations. Regarding the importance of ethics in the women's business success, this study investigated the association of the ethical climate with the women's business performance and ethical behavior as a mediator. The statistical population of the study included 148 Iranian female business owners who attended the 13th Women's Entrepreneurship Development Conference. Using Cochran's formulas and simple random sampling, the sample size consisted 106 women from the above mentioned participants. The data was collected by implementing Cullen Ethical Climate Questionnaire (1988), Gorgievski Women's Business Performance Questionnaire (2011) and Baker, Hunt & Andrews Ethical Behavior questionnaire (2006). The data analysis was conducted by the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the Partial Least Squares and the PLS Smart statistical software. The findings showed that there was a positive, significant association between the ethical climate and the business performance of women. There were significant relationships between the altruistic, independent, normative and juridical climates and the business performance of Iranian women. While there was not any association between legal and instrumental climates and the business performance of women. Finally, the Ethical Climate had a significant relationship with the performance of the women's businesses through the mediator of ethical behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Development Affecting Factors and Inhibitors on Rural Women Entrepreneurship
Bahman Khosravipour Nadia Ani Abdolazim Ajili Abbas AbdeshahiThe aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development and barriers to entrepreneurship of rural women in Kermanshah. The study sample was women from Siah Bid, Gakieh, Karnachi and Ghazanchi villages in the central part of Kermanshah city who were s MoreThe aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development and barriers to entrepreneurship of rural women in Kermanshah. The study sample was women from Siah Bid, Gakieh, Karnachi and Ghazanchi villages in the central part of Kermanshah city who were selected and participated in the interview. The research design was descriptive-analytical. Library method and interview with participants were used to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed by analytical method. The results showed that the effective factors in entrepreneurship development included initiative, activism, identifying opportunities, perseverance, effort and overcoming obstacles and individual competencies of women, which meant that the entrepreneur worked without the demand or request of others. Entrepreneurship has also been found to be an economic activity that required a constant search for new and innovative ideas and dependent profitability potential. Barriers to rural women entrepreneurship were reported as socio-cultural barriers, supportive-economic barriers and managerial barriers, respectively. Research has also revraled the role of women entrepreneurs in economic health and socialization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - The study of parallelism in Fadva Tooghan, the contemporary poet of Palestinian
Boshra Godarzi Rouhollahe Sayyadi Nejad Amir Hosain Rasool NiaThe aim of this research is to study the level of parallelism (vocal, vocab and syntax) and the effect of them in Fadvi poems the Palestinian contemporary Arabic world poet. She is one of the poets who have used parallelism in her poems. The research is by descriptive- MoreThe aim of this research is to study the level of parallelism (vocal, vocab and syntax) and the effect of them in Fadvi poems the Palestinian contemporary Arabic world poet. She is one of the poets who have used parallelism in her poems. The research is by descriptive- analytical method and by using librarian sources and qualitative study she studied the e parallelism in poems of Fadvi Tooghan. The findings of the research show that in the subject of parallelism the repetition has the most importance and also is an important element in making music. Fadvi Tooghan made very beautiful poems by using this repetition which a wise reader can understand it by reading them. Fadvi Tooghan has used parallelism in vocal, vocab and syntax levels and this similarity in text structure has made her poem very fabulous. She has made her poem outstanding in verbal level by repeating sounds, letters words and compounds which cause emphasize in semantic level, this issue shows that the verbal structures effects on meaning transmissions. It looks that the repetition of parallelism in vocalic level is more than verbal and syntax levels, because in verbal and syntax parallelism the parallelism of vocal can be find. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Proposing A Model For Consumption Based On Beauty In Women
Fatemeh Saeedirad Hasan EsmailpourThe aim of this study was to provide a model for beauty-based consumption in women in Tehran. The statistical population of this study was women living in Tehran who have beauty based consumption. The sample of this study included 28 women aged 18-40 years who were sele MoreThe aim of this study was to provide a model for beauty-based consumption in women in Tehran. The statistical population of this study was women living in Tehran who have beauty based consumption. The sample of this study included 28 women aged 18-40 years who were selected by snowball sampling method. The research has been done with a qualitative approach and a phenomenological method. The data were collected via interview. Coding was used as the data analysis method. The results showed that gender roles and stereotypes in the society as well as beauty ideals led to women's dissatisfaction with their body image, and dissatisfaction with the female body image led to beautification wares consumption such as cosmetic surgery, diet therapy and going to fitness clubs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - The Role of Women in the Strength of the Family by Modeling on the Rich Islamic Culture
Reza BaniasadiThe purpose of this study was to explain the role of women in strengthening the foundation of the family by modeling on the rich Islamic culture. The under study universe were the verses of Qur'an and narrative societies. The sample of the research included the divine v MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the role of women in strengthening the foundation of the family by modeling on the rich Islamic culture. The under study universe were the verses of Qur'an and narrative societies. The sample of the research included the divine verses and narrations concerning the role of women in strengthening the family and related issues. The research design was descriptive-analytical. The data was obtained through documents and libraries. The analysis was done using the data obtained from Quranic verses and related narrations from the books of narrative societies. The results showed that in the rich Islamic culture, numerous, very precise and very effective strategies were presented to indicate how the women play her role in the strength of the family. Some of the most important of these strategies included the woman's attention to her husband's compatibility in forming family, avoiding contentious content, stressful behaviors, emphasizing couples expressing love for each other, emphasis on performing loving acts between couples, encouraging the wife to obey her husband, proper housekeeping, encouraging the wife to respect her husband, encouraging marital behaviors, the wife neglecting her husband's mistakes, and forgiving her husband. By using the above items and the art of women, gaining the strength of the family could be a decisive matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Investigating the Historical Role of Militant Women in Establishing Divine Governance
Maliheh AsghariThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of militant women during the history of mankind for the establishment and stewardship of divine rule. The study population in the present study was the mujahid women in establishing the divine sovereignty in history. MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of militant women during the history of mankind for the establishment and stewardship of divine rule. The study population in the present study was the mujahid women in establishing the divine sovereignty in history. Some of the mujahid women who were martyred on this sacred route were sampled in the study. The present research was a descriptive study of historical analysis. The method of collecting data was a library information using historical sources. The study considered several era before Islam and the early Islamic era, the Karbala incident, the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the sacred defense, the present time and the Age of Advent. Finally, by presenting a practical model for the Muslim community, the role of women in various dimensions was discussed in order to fulfill the Islamic ideal and the foundation of the rule of Mahdavi's justice. The results showed that throughout human life, women have always been openly and secretly active to pursuit the victory of the right against falsehood and the establishment of divine sovereignty, and devoted with their lives, time, talents and their right oriented thinking. Many of them had been martyred. As the activities of the mojahed women have played an important role in shaping human history, the comparative study of the lifestyle of the mojahed women in this age could also respond to many of the current cultural challenges by providing operational models. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - The Figure of Parthian Women on Ancient Relics
Sara Zolfaghari Bahman Firuzmandi Yaghub MohammadifarThe research intenteded to study the woman presence, expostion and status in extenended concept on the ancient relics in Parthian era. Thes research univers was women portraits on the ancient relics from the Parthian era. The sample included the woman image of the archa MoreThe research intenteded to study the woman presence, expostion and status in extenended concept on the ancient relics in Parthian era. Thes research univers was women portraits on the ancient relics from the Parthian era. The sample included the woman image of the archaeological evidences. The method was a descriptive-analytical study based on qualitve data comparing. Data collection was done through library, musem printed and digital reffrences. The results indicated that comparing to the prvious era more consideration was taken to the woman portrait and the Parthian presentation of the female was completely different from the preceding periods. The artistic objects were highly eclectic and did not follow a certain style. The clothing customary style of women differed in different regions on Parthian era. The queens and women figures and portraits on the Parthian ancient relics embodied in forms of heads, busts, figurines, statues, murals, coins, architectural decorations, ornaments, dishes and raytheon illustrated the women political and social role and presence on the mentioned era. In addtiona, comparing the above mentioned ancient relics with other different periods archologics would led to more recognition of the social, cultural, religious and political context of the Parthian era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Pedagogical role of women in Islamic society
Naeime Kabiri Ghomi Samira Masomie ZavarianiWoman is the most beautiful expression of creation and the most effective factor in the development of the mental and physical health of children and society. The objective of this study was describing the role of women in the Islamic society. This study was carried out MoreWoman is the most beautiful expression of creation and the most effective factor in the development of the mental and physical health of children and society. The objective of this study was describing the role of women in the Islamic society. This study was carried out using a review method. Based on the clear verses of the Holy Qur'an and the infallible traditions, the woman is the foundation of all good things. While emphasizing on the high status of the mothers, their physical, mental and psychological health has drown a lot of attention, due to the health of the community and the health of the family. On the other hand, vitality, authority and family dynamism depends on the role of the mother. Also, according to experts in the field of social sciences, the central role of the mother in building the country is not covered by anyone. In addition to the educational role of the family, women can socially, politically and economically participate in the community, and contribute to the social, political and cultural development of society as a large part of the human resources present in the community. Islam not only does not prevent women from engaging in social, economic and political activities, but values it. From the perspective of the Qur'an, the woman is an effective member of the community and should play a role in social issues with men. Islam has the most comprehensive and complete attitude toward the personality of the woman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Ethereal and Ideal Woman in Amir Khusrow`s Romantic Poem of Hasht-Bihisht
Asieh Zabihnia EmranThe purpose of the present research was to review the status of women in the versified love story of Amir KhosrowDehlavi“HashtBehesht”. The “HashtBehesht”Masnavifrequently pointed todifferent aspects of women's utopia. The research was a ca MoreThe purpose of the present research was to review the status of women in the versified love story of Amir KhosrowDehlavi“HashtBehesht”. The “HashtBehesht”Masnavifrequently pointed todifferent aspects of women's utopia. The research was a case-based with a correlation approach.The "content analysis" method was implemented to analyze and evaluate the ideal female criteria from the above mentioned poet point of view. The discussion of women's position in the family and community and the suggestion of a practical approach in this regard was one of the main themes of Amir Khosraw'sintroducing of utopia in the “HashtBehesht” ideated town . Achieving an ideal society that he consideredwas more coherent and accorded to the standards of his era society. The main theme of the “HashtBehesht” storieswas the women infidelity and their pretention to honesty and goodness. In this romantic episodes, wherever the writerrecognized and during the tales of joy in the proper part of the story plot he pretexted for teaching and preaching to the "woman." According to research results, women's commitment and loyalty were needed for a better life and for obtaining the true peace of the material world and the Hereafter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - The Requirements of Gown Design for Muslim Women Violinists
Pariya Manzoori Zahra AhmadiThe purpose of this study was therefore to identify: a)Iran's mandatory regulations for female violinists’ dress; b) the selection criteria for violinists' gown; and finally, c) the extent to which the gown, designed to that effect, being accepted by female violin MoreThe purpose of this study was therefore to identify: a)Iran's mandatory regulations for female violinists’ dress; b) the selection criteria for violinists' gown; and finally, c) the extent to which the gown, designed to that effect, being accepted by female violinists and the audience. Then this research and design endeavor aim at reaching the requirements of gown design for Muslimwomen violinists. Due to delicate or latent requirements, the design or procurement of occupational cloth -i.e. gown for female violinists- has always been one of the most challenging assignments for designers and textile experts. Following the administration of a survey questionnaire, using 55 female violinists who were selected in purposeful sampling method and a semi-structured interview session was also managed with inviting 15 of them. A descriptive-analytic method was used to analyze the data. Based on the created insights, design criteria were developed and fabrication constraints were considered. Concepts were developed by the lead author and later presented to the violinists and a group of invited people as audience. The results provided full support for aims of the research. It was showed that women violinist has considered the exact criteria such as visual differentiation, formality and comfort of clothing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - Phenomenological study of Iranian women features in their itineraries to Europe
Faramarz Motamad Dezfouli Hasan Mohaddesigilvaii Ali ZahedIn this search, our goal is the phenomenological study of Iranian women features in their itineraries to Europe at two centuries ago. The statistical population consisted of Iranian travelogues who went to the top and based on literary history, three travelogues of Mir MoreIn this search, our goal is the phenomenological study of Iranian women features in their itineraries to Europe at two centuries ago. The statistical population consisted of Iranian travelogues who went to the top and based on literary history, three travelogues of Mir Abdul Latif Shooshtari (1805), Mirza Asalah Shirazi (1815) and Mirzahadi Alavi Shirazi (1813) were selected as the sample. The research design is descriptive-analytical that qualitative method and a phenomenological approach are studied. This itinerary is a representation of Iranians first encounter to the new world. Representing the new age women pictures is one of the most important cognitive elements of such itineraries. The Qajarid society knew no image but a traditional woman, but these itineraries, pawed the pavement for the women acquaintance and their cultural and social presence in that society at the constitutional age by introducing and portraying of the modern woman. These itineraries, besides introducing the “European women”, describe the changes in women's role, and their husband finding methods as well as the changes in the families' structure and the women problems, and the ability of modern women versus traditional women element is seriously concentrated on. As each of the itinerants find this ability in a triplet of “flagrancy”, “unchastity”, and “perfection”, according to their lived and phenomenological experience. They see the new women models, who have reached to being subject and indepenance, carrying one of these valuations in their phenomenological experience, and reflect it in their itineraries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - An Overview Of Women's Rights And Deprivations In Iran And The United Kingdom With An Imam Khomeini's Viewpoint Oriented Approach
Zeynab Mollaei Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Bojnourdi Seyyed Mohammad Sadegh MousaviThe purpose of this study was to identify the common points, the strength and weakness of the two countries; Iran and England, on the rights and disadvantages of women. The population of the study were the women who have been evaluated in a comparative way. The research MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the common points, the strength and weakness of the two countries; Iran and England, on the rights and disadvantages of women. The population of the study were the women who have been evaluated in a comparative way. The research method was analytical, descriptive and comparative. Accordingly, information was collected from the Persian and Latin libraries through reference books and articles, and then analyzed. The whole discussed issues and the results of the research showed that, contrary to what was posed in western countries and their pretending to consider the women's rights and claims that Islamic laws as a violation of women's rights, the western intellectuals did not essentially say any words on women rights until the end of the nineteenth century. Women did not enjoy women's rights, by the twentieth century and were even deprived of their basic rights, that is, the right to property, and the civilization of the west confessed to women's rights, and responded positively to women's right to justice, when the capitalist system was forcefully needed The work of women .While the Islamic religion paying attention to the dignity and high status of women in society and the family, pay particular attention to the worldly welfare and the woman's afterlife. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Principles for The Employment Of Women In The Framework Of Legal Rules
Ahmad Reza Towhidi Zeinab Sadat Mousavi tabarThe purpose of this study was to examine the issue of women's freedom of work and, of course, the limits that are observable in the light of the principles enshrined in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and other ordinary laws. The research population in MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the issue of women's freedom of work and, of course, the limits that are observable in the light of the principles enshrined in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and other ordinary laws. The research population in this study was the employed women and their life dimensions. The present research was a descriptive-analytic and explained the evolution of women's employment freedom. The data was gathered through collecting library information and index cards. In general, one of the most important issues in the economic, social and legal sciences is the issue of women's employment. The results of the research showed that the importance of women's employment in advancing the goals of society and the need for specialist force, the need for women's participation is inevitable. At the same time, the employment of women as a right and not a duty has limitations, and the present and future rules of the Iranian society (in spite of any deliberation) are apparently limited in terms of the employment of women in the Iranian transitional society. The diversity of these constraints was a part of this research deliberation, although in some constraints, the need for interdisciplinary research is required. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Representation of Women in Apartheid Movies; Case Study of movies Winne Mandela and Sarafina
Mohammad Bagher Ghahramani Mohammad Javad BakhtiariThe aim of this article studying the representation of women in the movies which are about South Africa’s Apartheid. Among various movies which have been made about Apartheid as the target group of this study, this article studies the representation of women in tw MoreThe aim of this article studying the representation of women in the movies which are about South Africa’s Apartheid. Among various movies which have been made about Apartheid as the target group of this study, this article studies the representation of women in two movies of Winnie Mandela and Sarafina, which are selected by targeted sampling methodology. By using the descriptive-analytical method, this article examines the role and the representation of the women in the two mentioned movies. This article uses film Study and film analysis to analyze the selected movies. Finally, it would be concluded that the representation of women in these movies shows kind, hardworking characters, with strong souls. Although they might break the feminine boarders, cross over to the masculine side, play men’s roles, and intervene in the unfamiliar masculine world their feminine aspect pulls them back and they continue to control the situation with their peace and prosperity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - The Role of Women in Developing the Economic Ramifications of Trunkload Merchandising from Qeshm
Esmat Hosseini Sasan Vadie Ehsan Rhmani KhaliliThis study aimed to study the economic ramifications of women's trunkload merchandising from Qeshm to Tehran. The poulation of the research included all women who engaged in commercial trunkloa transportting of commidity from Qeshm to Tehran. Data gathered from th MoreThis study aimed to study the economic ramifications of women's trunkload merchandising from Qeshm to Tehran. The poulation of the research included all women who engaged in commercial trunkloa transportting of commidity from Qeshm to Tehran. Data gathered from the sample to achive theoretical data saturation via 50 half-structured interviews implemeted among 30 female transporter and 20 experts whom were assigned through targeted and snowball sampling. Research design was based on qualitative methodology and Strauss and Corbin’s Grounded Theory. The data were analyzed; in open coding, 143 concepts and 1162 conceptual implications, in axial coding, 31 categories, and in the selective coding, the core category of "prosperous / challenging" were determined. Respondents assessed baggage transport with two contradictory functions; positive and negative economic consequences for women and their families, residents and businesses of Qeshm, as well as for the community and government. In the grounded model, lack of job opportunities, lack of support for deprived people, financial need, obligation, causal conditions and cooperation with runners, customs and police’s violations, government corruption, inadequate business context, Tehran market barriers, Qeshm market, contextual conditions and knowledge of customs regulations, indirect control, shortcuts and favorable conditions, were considered as interfering conditions in the trunkload merchandising process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Cultural and Intellectual Consequences of the Western Civilization Invasion with Emphasis on Iranian Women
Tahmasb Alipouriani Mina Nazari Seyed Samer PoordaneshThe recent research purpose was to investigate the cultural and intellectual consequences of the western civilization invasion with emphasis on Iranian women. The statistical universe of the study included all cultural and intellectual consequences of the western civili MoreThe recent research purpose was to investigate the cultural and intellectual consequences of the western civilization invasion with emphasis on Iranian women. The statistical universe of the study included all cultural and intellectual consequences of the western civilization invasion. The sample embraced the subjects associated to the impacts of the western civilization invasion on Iranian women. A descriptive-analytical method was applied in the research. The data was collected via the library texts and note taking on the index cards. Then the mutual relationship of the western civilization with culture and thought and western civilization invasion consequences on culture and worldview of Iranian women was analyzed. The results revealed that the thought, culture and western civilization were correlated. And it was not necessarily a liner and longitudinal. On some cases the civilization transition of a pattern to another civilization pattern, would also transfer the latent thought of one to the other one. By western civilization accumulative transition, on the primary step, the Iranian women encountered changes on cultural context through virtue, hijab and Islamic identity and…fadedness. On the next step changes on worldview domain was observed. The impacts of western civilization spread were not merely included Iranian culture and caused the values and Islamic and Iranian traditions to be faded but in the further steps the Iranian worldview was also targeted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Woman Role in the Short Stories Collection of Razieh Tojjar
Maryam Zare Pastaki Zad Narges JaberinasabThe purpose of this research is woman role in Razieh Tojjar short stories collection. In this research woman role and social position in Persian contemporary story writing is surveyd through descriptive- analytic method. Data analysis is based on qualitive analysis and MoreThe purpose of this research is woman role in Razieh Tojjar short stories collection. In this research woman role and social position in Persian contemporary story writing is surveyd through descriptive- analytic method. Data analysis is based on qualitive analysis and description of data content. In our studies, it is specified that Razieh Tojjar is one of the authors who has found special position in story writing. Field in recent two decades. The heros of her more stories are women and the main theme is women problems. In this article according to women role, analysis of speech and behaviou characters in her eight collections of short story, women are in the focus and under dominance of patriarchy system, they have no identity and personality independence. They are constantly threatened and don`t trust on any support. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - The spiritual status of women in Islamic Mysticism
Maryam BakhtyarThe purpose of this news proposal is to determine the position of women in Islamic mysticism. True and pure mysticism is a religion that is rooted in the human soul and has been stolen by personal nature.The present study is a descriptive-analytical one and analyzes the MoreThe purpose of this news proposal is to determine the position of women in Islamic mysticism. True and pure mysticism is a religion that is rooted in the human soul and has been stolen by personal nature.The present study is a descriptive-analytical one and analyzes the writings of poets and mystics in the field of women's spiritual status. Accordingly, in the study of writings by Islamic mystics such as Ibn 'Arabi, it was found that, by virtue of their present status, they sometimes referred to women as the role models that men should learn from the lessons of monotheism, masculinity, trust, sacrifice, and so on. To learn.Also, when examining the position of women in the views of some famous poets and mystical writers such as Attar Neishaburi and Rumi, it was found that women were not low in spiritual attainment compared to men and many of them reached the highest levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - Effectiveness Of Spiritual Therapy On Hope And Self-Concept In Women With Multiple Sclerosis Disease
Marzieh Malekiha Arezoo YoosefinikThe purpose of this study was determining the effectiveness of spirituality therapy on hope and self-concept in women with Multiple Sclerosis disease in Isfahan city at 2018. The statistical population in this research were consisted of all women with Multiple Sclerosis MoreThe purpose of this study was determining the effectiveness of spirituality therapy on hope and self-concept in women with Multiple Sclerosis disease in Isfahan city at 2018. The statistical population in this research were consisted of all women with Multiple Sclerosis who referred to Al-Zahra hospital that . 30 subjects were selected with purposeful sampling method from the mentioned population and were randomly divided to an experimental and control group (15 individuals each group). The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test design and control group. The Adult Hope Scale (Snyder, 1991) and Beck Self- Concept Test (1985) were implemented for data gathering. The experimental group received spirituality therapy for eight sessions (each session 90 minutes) and control group were not exposed to any intervention. The data were analyzed with One Way Analysis of Covariance. The results showed that spirituality therapy was effective on hope and self-concept of the women with M.S. diseases (p<0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - The Role of Women In Urban Spaces Formation
Mohammadmehdi Moulaii Arezoo LotfiThe purpose of the present study was to determine the criteria and framework for designing or modulating urban spaces for women. The study population was the women whose urban needs for problems and lack of space in their community throughout the history were ignored. T MoreThe purpose of the present study was to determine the criteria and framework for designing or modulating urban spaces for women. The study population was the women whose urban needs for problems and lack of space in their community throughout the history were ignored. The research design was an applied type. The data collection tools were library data and research databases related to women in architecture and urban planning. The collected theoretical bases were analyzed using descriptive-analytical method. The results showed that in the past, the status and activity of women in urban areas were more and more defined, and women were taking care of their daily activities in comfort and safety. Unlike in the past, in today's societies, the lack of attention to the context of public space and the allocation of appropriate social space for women has led to a lack of security. In the dominated modern world of society, women's needs have been removed from urban planning and architecture, and the environment has become a completely masculine environment. The components of mental, physical, security, and physiological differences between men and women are major and very influential factors in the quality of urban spaces suitable for women. The relevance of these components to the urban design criteria could be a great help in building a more cohesive city with women and stimulating their greater presence in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Women’s Feature in Mandaean Religion (Marriage and Family)
Aziz Sawari Mohammad JaberynasrThe present study aimed investigating the woman’s character through Mandaean religion. The research population was all religious texts translated by Mandaeans. The studied sample was the Bouthe (the smallest part of the teachings of the Mandaean religion) related MoreThe present study aimed investigating the woman’s character through Mandaean religion. The research population was all religious texts translated by Mandaeans. The studied sample was the Bouthe (the smallest part of the teachings of the Mandaean religion) related to women, marriage, and the family. In this research, by using the library approach (taking note cards from sources) and referring directly to the holy books of Mandaen, the materials related to the subject of the article (woman, marriage and family) were studied and investigated, then analyzed via a qualitative method. The findings showed that the first woman (Eve), was created to be the companion and twin of the first man (Adam), and their pure soul was breathed from Alma Denhora into their bodies. Eve was next to Adam, while recipient of divine revelation, and after Adam's death, the revelation of the revelatory teachings was continued addressed to Eve. Throughout the ancient history of Mandaean some women were able to enter the clergy and achieved the highest religious ranks such as the Rish oma. Malvasheh, or religious name that forms the original identity of a Mandaean, was created based on the person's mother name. Marriage was considered a religious ritual that had features such as leading to inter-ethnic relation, the existence of complex religious rituals including the baptism of couples in running water; and the absence of divorce. Based on the sacred instructions of Mandaean, family principles such as chastity, child bearing and breeding were extracted and presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Explaining The Position 0f Women in the Marriage Narrations of Shahnameh Tahmaspi, Based on the Intertextual Analysis of Text and Image
Shohreh Doosti Farzaneh Farrokhfar Arman YaghubpourThe aim of this study was to explain the position of women in the marriage narrations of Shahnameh Tahmaspi based on the intertextual analysis of text and images in Iran. The present study statistical universe included all the drawings of Tahmaspi Shahnameh. The sample MoreThe aim of this study was to explain the position of women in the marriage narrations of Shahnameh Tahmaspi based on the intertextual analysis of text and images in Iran. The present study statistical universe included all the drawings of Tahmaspi Shahnameh. The sample subsumed 29 images in all of which women have an important and key role. The research design was descriptive-analytical. The data collecting method was through library documentary, observation and reviewing the intertextual drawings and analyzing the visual elements in the selected works. Data were analyzed using interdisciplinary studies and content analysis methods. The results showed that the position of women in Shahnameh marriage narrations were rooted in the mythological beliefs of Iranians and in this regard, had a special validity. Due to the mythological structure of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, fidelity and adherence to the principles of the original texts was quite clear. However, in the depiction of the paintings of Tahmaspi Shahnameh, there were obvious differences with the text, the source of which was the culture of the Safavid society and the beliefs of the patriarchal society of that period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Violence against Women in Fictional Works Of Contemporary Woman Writer, Fariba Vafi
Leila Asheghi Ghaleh Nasser Alizadeh khayyat Arash MoshfeghiThe purpose of this study was to review violence against women in fictional works of Fariba Vafi. In this study, violence against women and injuries that affect women was studied by a descriptive-analytic way. Fariba Vafi is a realist writer whose most important concern MoreThe purpose of this study was to review violence against women in fictional works of Fariba Vafi. In this study, violence against women and injuries that affect women was studied by a descriptive-analytic way. Fariba Vafi is a realist writer whose most important concern is women's problems and considered the story as a context for expressing the suffering of women in society. In her stories, from the view point of female characters, she pointed to the details of women life and the types of violence they experienced. According to the review of the author's works, it was showed that women and girls have experienced violence in most of Vafi's stories. The results revealed that women in her stories have a rigid and stagnant personality, and often become victims of patriarchy and the demands of masculine society and were passive in the face of violence. Some of these women become isolated and silent, suffered mental and psychological crises and others suffered social harms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - The Identification of Transformational Learning Factors and Consequences: The Factors of Women Returning to Education
Mahnaz Akhavantfte Zahra Rajabpour AziziThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors and consequences of women's returning to education in Ghaemshahr. The study population was adult female undergraduate students in the city. Fifteen adult female students from Farvardin University of Ghaemshahr were s MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the factors and consequences of women's returning to education in Ghaemshahr. The study population was adult female undergraduate students in the city. Fifteen adult female students from Farvardin University of Ghaemshahr were selected using convince sampling procedure over 36 years old. The qualitative research approach was phenomenological. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and coded then analyzed using content analysis. The analysis of the data showed that various factors played roles in shaping the transformative learning in women. The most important potential influences were shown to be the devoid of feeling, the death of a beloved, engagement in a relationship, divorce, and job loss. Five factors of mental health, family, achievement goals, financial security, and obtaining an educational degree were identified to be the reasons for the entry of adult women into higher education. In addition, according to the results of this study, four themes of growth of critical thinking, cultural change, affections, and spirituality were identified as transformational learning outcomes in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - A Study of the Political, Cultural and Economic Roles of the Women of the Abbasid Court(AH 132-334)
Ali Gholami Firoozjaee Nazanin GhasemiThe purpose of this study was to study the political, cultural and economic roles of women in the Abbasi court. The studied population included all political, cultural and economic roles of women in the Abbasi court in the period of 132 to 334 AH. The sample subsumed th MoreThe purpose of this study was to study the political, cultural and economic roles of women in the Abbasi court. The studied population included all political, cultural and economic roles of women in the Abbasi court in the period of 132 to 334 AH. The sample subsumed the most significant roles of women such as the bondwomen, caliphates’ mothers, the poetess and so on. The research was designed as descriptive analytical type. To collect data library method was applied by referring to books and scientific documents. The related to the subject and authentic data was analyzed via analytical procedure considering the dominant discourse of the historical incidents era. The results revealed that in Islamic realm specially from the Abbasid era, the societies were divided into different groups and classes; each of them had a relatively important position, including women. The results of preliminary study of the sources also indicated that some of the caliphates’ mothers and wives by imposing their influence, political and economic potency in political arena; sometimes by expressing sentiments, female jealousy, extravagance and sometimes by using reason and wisdom exerted changes in destiny of caliphate successor, powerful political dynasties and wars and played roles in political conspiracies. Some Abbasid women also took advantage of their court status and position in the field of development, prosperity and charitable activities, and some of them showed off in the cultural arena by composing rich poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Semiotic Analysis of Woman's Portrayal in Abbas Kiarostami's Cinema
Pedram Rostami Mohammad Javad Goharbakhsh Babak Sadollahi Mojtaba MadaniThe objective of this study was to scrutinize the semiotics of the image of women in Kiarostami's cinema. The statistical population was Kiarostami's films focusing on women's semiotics. Purposive sampling method was adopted and the films "Report" and "Ten" were the sam MoreThe objective of this study was to scrutinize the semiotics of the image of women in Kiarostami's cinema. The statistical population was Kiarostami's films focusing on women's semiotics. Purposive sampling method was adopted and the films "Report" and "Ten" were the samples of the research. The research design was descriptive-analytical. The data was obtained through library resources and watching films. The films were analyzed from semiotics point of view. The implemented semiotics was based on the two major traditions of Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Pierce. The study of Kiarostami's feature films indicated that he was cognizant on women and their concerns during his career and devoted much of his late filmmaking career to represent women and their problems. Notably in his recent works, he spotlighted women in his films. The results of the semiotic study of "Report" and "Ten" showed that Kiarostami tried not only to reflect the problems of women, but also to depict the society's attitude and expectations toward them, and emphasized that such traditional and stereotypical view, despite the passage of years, still existed in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - A Qualitative Study Of The Phenomenon Of Women Addiction To Shopping
Akram Hobbi Bahman MohammadbakhshThe aim of this study was to investigate the individual, psychological, economic, social, and cultural factors affecting the women to shopping addiction.The general approach of the research was a qualitative approach, based on the experimental phenomenology and implying MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the individual, psychological, economic, social, and cultural factors affecting the women to shopping addiction.The general approach of the research was a qualitative approach, based on the experimental phenomenology and implying the lived experience research tradition through the process of deep interview. In this regard, via using the purposive (judgmental) sampling method, the experiences of 15 women were collected and analyzed through the three-step; open, axial and selective coding process. The results were presented in causal, contextual, interventionist, and strategic conditions of classification and its consequences. The findings indicated that the present conditions such as anxiety and depression, emotion-seeking, negative emotions, failure in different parts of life, self-anger, tendency to prove superiority, overemphasis on others' views, hopelessness An unpleasant impression of appearance, thirst for shopping, and so on, if left unchecked, could lead to addiction to shopping and have consequences for the individual and those around him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Women of Azerbaijan Tales and Their Names
Azizeh YousefiThe research was intended to review the women of Azerbaijan homelandtales and their names. The studied statistical population included all women of Azerbaijan homelandtales. The sample particularized the ladies of 35 Azerbaijan homelandtales. The research was designed a MoreThe research was intended to review the women of Azerbaijan homelandtales and their names. The studied statistical population included all women of Azerbaijan homelandtales. The sample particularized the ladies of 35 Azerbaijan homelandtales. The research was designed as descriptive- analytical. Based on library research method and by implementing content analysis procedure, the social status and activities of Azerbaijan women in Azerbaijan homeland history and tales were reviewed. The names of women in epic-lyrical and lyrical stories were analyzed. Factors affecting their naming were explored and studied by descriptive and analytical methods. The findings indicated that the meaning of most of thestories women's names in the reviewed taleswere related to their culture, action, personality and description. Composite nameswere more prevalent among lower class women. Most of the combined names of women, apart from the definition of class and physical description, served to introduce the culture, identity and personality of these women. Phonetically, there also was a correspondence between the names associated with some of the men and women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Women position in Sassanian civilization based on historical and archaeological evidence
Milad BaghsheikhiThe present paper studied is to examine the position of women in Sassanian civilization from the perspective of historical and archaeological evidence. The present research includes women's role in cultural relics from the Sassanian era. The sample studied is the role o MoreThe present paper studied is to examine the position of women in Sassanian civilization from the perspective of historical and archaeological evidence. The present research includes women's role in cultural relics from the Sassanian era. The sample studied is the role of women in cultural materials left over from the Sassanian era based on archaeological evidence. The method was descriptive -analytical. Data collection It was done in the form of a library and through a receipt. And after that, study archeological evidence from the position of women in Sassanian cultural Iran was examined and the information was analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the role of women in the arts related to architecture such as painting, plastering, weaving, mosaic, etc is evident and in terms of political position, women had good power in society and historical sources and archaeological evidence, such as coins, confirm that. On the other hand Finding the image of women among most archeological cultural materials shows that Respect for women and the spread activities of political, economic and etc art Another special of the court and in the hands of royal members But also by improving social laws women have a better position and freedom of action Along with the class society, they were patriarchal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - The Right to Abortion for Women from the Islamic Ethics Point of View
Seyed Abdullah MirkhandanThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the right to abortion for women in Islamic ethics. The research universe included all written texts and references of Islamic ethics. The research sample subsumed the subjects related to abortion right for women in MoreThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the right to abortion for women in Islamic ethics. The research universe included all written texts and references of Islamic ethics. The research sample subsumed the subjects related to abortion right for women in Islamic ethics texts. The research method was descriptive-analytical. The data was analyzed via content analysis procedure. The results showed that there were two main arguments about voluntary abortion among non-Muslim thinkers. One argument was the mother's ownership of her own body for abortion, and the other was the fetus's individual identity. According to the perspective of Islamic ethics regarding abortion, it was found that the argument that the mother owns her own body for abortion would be correct to some extent; This meant that the mother could have an abortion if she might be harmed in some cases. Also, the criterion of fetus's individual identity would be generally accepted from the Islamic ethics point of view and in this context, the Holy Law put forward a basis that would be the final words and in fact, a proof of narration and devotion. From this point of view, a fetus before four months would be not considered a living creature. This view regarding the individual identity of the fetus could be called Islamic fetus's individual identity, which would be different from what scientists of experimental sciences discussed. According to Islamic teachings, willing and voluntary abortion that leads to the death of the fetus would be not legitimate unless the mother's life would be in danger or the spirit had not been blown into the fetus and its existence had an unusual and considerable harm to the mother. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - The Role of New Materials and Interior Architecture in Improving the Quality of Interior Architecture with Emphasis on the Psychological Needs of Women
Mohammad Mehdi Moulaii Arezoo LotfiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of new materials and interior architecture in improving the quality of interior space with emphasis on the psychological needs of women. The research statistical universe included all the references and texts on new MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of new materials and interior architecture in improving the quality of interior space with emphasis on the psychological needs of women. The research statistical universe included all the references and texts on new materials and interior architecture. The sample encompassed the interior architecture with emphasis on the psychological needs of women. The research design was descriptive-analytical. Data were collected through library methods and research databases related to the field of modern interior architecture. The extracted data were then interpreted and described according to the psychological needs of women. The results showed that in the past, Iranian housing paid more attention to the needs and spiritual desires of women and engaged in their daily activities with complete freedom and peace of mind, but today, with a more advanced life and a greater impact of living costs on beauty, the spirit and diversity left the houses and have been replaced by monotony and daily life routines. The dual effect of interior architecture approach on the quality of interior spaces through correct and logical design in accordance with women's physics and reasonable choice of materials appropriate to their mood and mentality, could provide a suitable environment in accordance with the psychological needs of women in residential spaces. Therefore, the main goal could be achieved by using light and warm colors (vibrant colors orange, light red, lemon) on large surfaces and not using dark and opaque colors in small spaces. Also, observing the height proportions and dimensions of the space and breaking the symmetry in order to prevent uniformity in the space could be helpful. And the use of new materials in the floor, ceiling and walls to control the heat and variety in texture, color and shape, change in shapes and home furniture facilitated the dynamism and facilitation of life and daily life for women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - The Role of University Graduated Women in Sustainable and Inclusive Development
Shaida Gheitasi Nemat Allah AziziThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of university graduated women in sustainable and inclusive development. The research population was the published articles related to the role of university graduated women in development. The research sample was the MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of university graduated women in sustainable and inclusive development. The research population was the published articles related to the role of university graduated women in development. The research sample was the articles indexed in internal databases in the period of 1991 to 2020, which studied the role of university graduated women in development. Citation and library methods were applied to collect data. Based on the collected data, the role of university graduated women in the sustainable and inclusive development of the country was studied and analyzed. The results of the study showed that university graduated women played an important role in the economic, social, cultural, scientific and political development of the country. The highest and lowest roles of academic women were mentioned in economic development and political development, respectively. The results of this research could be used in formulating future development plans of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - Study of Lorestan Bronze Jewelry in The Iron Age and Its Reflection on Modern Handicrafts
Reza Rezaloo Ali Karimikiya Zahra Cherahi Leila SarhadyThe present study was intended to study the contemporary jewelry and handicrafts and their transfer from previous cultures. The universe of the research included various animal, plant, human and geometric motifs in metal ornaments left over from the Iron Age, among whic MoreThe present study was intended to study the contemporary jewelry and handicrafts and their transfer from previous cultures. The universe of the research included various animal, plant, human and geometric motifs in metal ornaments left over from the Iron Age, among which animal motifs were the most used. The sample subsumed Lorestan Iron Age jewelry which were divided into twelve different types in terms of form and application including bracelet, hairpin, earrings, necklace, rings, pendant, coronet, fibula, button, fille, mirror, armlet and anklet. The research was designed with descriptive-analytical method. The data were collected by case study in Poshtkuh region of Lorestan with field investigation (field report preparation) and library studies. With respect to the conducted studies the results indicated that The designs on the bronze ornaments of Lorestan women were taken from rites and customs that have preserved their unique features for many centuries. Each of the bronze jewelry designs in all cultures had a special meaning and concept that the recognition and study of these objects reveal the beliefs of the people of that period. By studying bronze objects, it was also revealed that the hand-woven patterns of Lorestan were taken from the patterns of bronze and metal objects of the Iron Age, and the motifs used in today's handicrafts conveyed the artistic, intellectual and ideal belief of past societies to today 's societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - The Criminological Challenge of the Concept Changing of Womanhood
Atefeh BatyariThe purpose of this study was to examine the criminological challenge of the concept changing of womanhood. The research statistical universe included the whole concepts and texts related to womanhood. The sample consisted of the concept changing of womanhood in the c MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the criminological challenge of the concept changing of womanhood. The research statistical universe included the whole concepts and texts related to womanhood. The sample consisted of the concept changing of womanhood in the criminology domain. The research design was descriptive-analytical. Data were collected using documentary and library method. The data were then analyzed, synthesized and summarized. The results showed that the concept of womanhood, was formed based on the social structure of the society. It is a challenging concept and it was not an exception in the transformation rule concerning the time. The concept of womanhood, which was considered as the interpretation of the principles and framework for the woman's identity, had been influenced by the advancement of technology and the exchange of ideas, and in the historical periods, womanhood had taken a different form. The results also indicated that the women's attitudes toward their identities had been changed by moving away from traditional roles and more communication with real and virtual communities. Women who chose different lifestyles as a result of changing perspectives on the concept of womanhood confronted different experiences. The formation of the ideal woman's perspective was sometimes accompanied by an unusual lifestyle that by reinforcing the three variables of available goals, the lack of protection and proximity of the offender provided the context of the victimization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Dimensions of Middle – Age Experience in Women
Mah sima Poorshahriayari Fatemeh Hashemi GolpayeganiThe objective of the present study was to investigate the dimensions of middle-age experience in women. The statistical population included all middle-aged women aged 39 to 43 years of the regions one, two, and three in Tehran. Through a semi-structured interview, 12 wo MoreThe objective of the present study was to investigate the dimensions of middle-age experience in women. The statistical population included all middle-aged women aged 39 to 43 years of the regions one, two, and three in Tehran. Through a semi-structured interview, 12 women were selected by purposive sampling to reach data saturation. This study was conducted based on a qualitative approach, and was analyzed by content analysis procedure. The content of the interviews was coded, classified, and analyzed via applying the Brown and Clark method, using Atlas software, and ultimately led to the extraction of themes. The findings showed that the main themes included six themes of "physical changes," "change in relationships," "attention to internal aspects," "spirituality," "financial concern," and "conflict resolution." Regarding the vulnerability of middle-aged women and their risk of mental disorders, addressing middle-aged women's life should be a top priority in our country's health care system . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Recognizing the Concept of Islamic Clothing Fashion and Designing in Women's Dress
Zahra Akbarzadeh Niaki Azam Nemati Charmhini Robabeh Taghizadeh BorujeniThe purpose of this study was to recognize the concept of fashion and design of the Islamic clothing in women's dresses. The research statistical universe included all clothing design collections. The research sample was the Islamic women's clothing and dresses. The res MoreThe purpose of this study was to recognize the concept of fashion and design of the Islamic clothing in women's dresses. The research statistical universe included all clothing design collections. The research sample was the Islamic women's clothing and dresses. The research design was descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done by using library references. The results of data analysis showed that four different clothing terms, namely hijab, virtuous fashion, ethnic-local clothing and non-Islamic clothing with Islamic motifs, were identified among the designs related to Islamic fashion. Current clothing designers had not yet succeeded in creating a "global Islamic fashion" that was distinct from Western fashion and had not even been directly opposed to it. Designers' mental image of Islamic fashion was based more on the aesthetic features of fashion than the religious adherence to hijab, also, Islamic fashion was still considered as a subordinate of the Western system and has not been able to find its independent identity. Islamic fashion has a real nature and in order to be effective, it needs to redefine and formulate specific design frameworks. It could be analyzed that the existing Islamic fashion style had not yet found a completely independent identity as a global fashion. Muslim consumers themselves could not be grouped into a single category. Specific clothing styles were shaped by cultural aesthetics, economics, business patterns, ideals, and how faith was represented or expressed. As a result, it could be said that according to the number of hijab styles, there were different covers of Islamic clothing design. Islamic fashion had a special design style and had a real nature, but it is necessary to make changes in the design and other processes of this industry and its definitions should be updated and implemented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - A Study of the Common Attributes of Righteous Women in the Holy Quran and the Bible
Maliheh Bagherinejad Yazdi Reza BaniasadiThe purpose of this study was to explain the common characteristics of righteous women in the Holy Quran and the Bible. The understudied universe was the verses of the Holy Quran and the Bible. The sample of the research particularized the divine verses of the Holy Qura MoreThe purpose of this study was to explain the common characteristics of righteous women in the Holy Quran and the Bible. The understudied universe was the verses of the Holy Quran and the Bible. The sample of the research particularized the divine verses of the Holy Quran and the Bible in relation to the common attributes of righteous women in the Holy Quran and the Bible. This research was descriptive-analytical and the data was obtained through documents and libraries. The analysis was performed using the data obtained from Quranic verses and the Bible. The results of the present study indicated that in the Holy Quran and the Bible, attributes were expressed for competent women in both individual and family domains. According to the Holy Quran and the Bible, righteous women in the personal sphere have attributes such as faith, righteous deeds, piety, chastity, truthfulness, modesty, hijab, refraining from showing off and being none lascivious. Also in the family field, competent women were introduced with traits such as being nice in the life with husband, housekeeping and parenting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - The Role and Position of Mongol Women on The Ilkhanate Era
Sabriye MohammadiThe aim of the present study was to investigate the role and position of Mongol women on the Ilkhanate era. The research universe included all historical books related to Mongolian women. The research sample subsumed the texts regarding to the position of women in the I MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the role and position of Mongol women on the Ilkhanate era. The research universe included all historical books related to Mongolian women. The research sample subsumed the texts regarding to the position of women in the Ilkhanate era. The research method was descriptive-historical. The findings obtained based on documentary and library studies. The results showed that Mongolian women, in terms of their tribal lifestyle, always worked alongside with the men and side by side with them. The Ilkhani women had a direct participation and active presence in politics and state affairs and always fought alongside with the men in the battlefields and were as active as men in the production of material goods during peacetime. In addition to being officially regents or rulers, Mongol women also interfered in government affairs at other times and gained influence in this way according to their personality. Ilkhani women played a prominent role in positions such as ambassadors in domestic and abroad trips. Also, beauty and respect for chastity and decency of women were very evident in the eyes of the Mongols. Mongol women were generally chaste and tolerant with their husbands. The privileged position of Mongol women caused it to be reflected in their legislation. Dowry was very important during the Mughal era. From the point of view of the law, dowry was considered a woman's ownership rights and among most of the Ilkhanate families, it was considered as a criterion for determining the dignity of young girls. Garment is one of the things that showed the high status of women in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - A Comparative Study of the Women Social Situation in The Sassanid and Qajar Era
Sabriyeh MohammadiThe current research intended to compare the social situations of women in the Sassanid and Qajar eras. The research universe included women's motifs in the art works such as coins and paintings. The sample subsumed Sassanid and Qajar women clothing in the cultural data MoreThe current research intended to compare the social situations of women in the Sassanid and Qajar eras. The research universe included women's motifs in the art works such as coins and paintings. The sample subsumed Sassanid and Qajar women clothing in the cultural data of these periods. The research was designed as historical descriptive and comparative study. Data was collected based on the library records, available documents and index cards note taking. The data was analyzed by qualitative procedure. The results revealed that women in both periods countered specific jurisprudential readings of the official religion of their era and in both periods were ready to accept major external changes. In the first case, Islam and in the second case, the wave of globalization and modernism entered the country and changed the position of women. Although women faced restrictions in the Sassanid and Qajar periods, they engaged in activism, social activity, and even influence over important governmental affairs under the guise of society. In the Sassanid period, this role was largely obvious and transparent; but in the Qajar period, in order to fulfill their desires, they had to fulfill their desires through men and the influence of their gender role. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - Working women's strategies when exposure to role strain
Sayedeh Zohre Bozorgnezhad Shayadeh Maysam Mosai Sayed Reza MoeiniThe aim of present research was to study working women's strategies when exposure to role strain. Study population were all working married female in Babol city. Purposive sampling method was used, so according to research qualitative method, theoretical saturation meth MoreThe aim of present research was to study working women's strategies when exposure to role strain. Study population were all working married female in Babol city. Purposive sampling method was used, so according to research qualitative method, theoretical saturation method was performed for subject's number.18 participants were selected for qualitative analysis. Study design was qualitative of the content analysis type. Data were gathered by field and library methods. Then data were collected by semi-structured interview with working women and were analyzed by theoretical coding method using MAXQDA software based on theories of social role and work-family conflict. Concepts and catagories were obtained from participants and their significant statements. In another word, deductive reasoning was performed for content analysis. So that, in some part according to theoretical sensitivity, important concepts were extracted and denominated. Then, by summarizing technique, the basic topics were determined based on common aspects. Results showed that women adopt strategies such as denial or concealment of role strain, adaptability, physical and mental empowerment, planning, use of service centers, decrease traditional and social roles when exposure to role strain. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - Analysis of Women's Victims in the novel “Sang-e Saboor”; Based on criminal sociology
Ali Molabeigi Seyyed Hesamoddin Seyyed EsfahaniThe present study aimed to analyze the victimization of women in Sadegh Chubak Sang-e Sabur's (Good Listener) novel based on criminal sociology. The statistical universe was the mentioned work and the studied sample embraced the victim women of the novel. The research d MoreThe present study aimed to analyze the victimization of women in Sadegh Chubak Sang-e Sabur's (Good Listener) novel based on criminal sociology. The statistical universe was the mentioned work and the studied sample embraced the victim women of the novel. The research design was qualitative discourse analysis, and data was collected through note taking on index cards. The data was analyzed by content analysis method. The results showed that one of the current crises of human society is the growing violence and victimization of women. Abuse of women is considered a common problem in all countries of the world and has complicated consequences. This issue has been reflected in Iranian fiction, especially in the works of Sadegh Chubak, so that the main structure of his stories was vulnerable women. He tried to show the most important social harms of his time with a realistic view of the surrounding issues, especially in the novel Sang-e Sabour. Sadegh Chubak considered the women to be more at risk of violence than others. In the dimension of violence, he focused more on psychological violence in the private sphere and non-marital violence and economic exploitation in the public sphere. He attributeed this, on the one hand, to the patriarchal social conditions of the reign and, on the other hand, to the common economic problems of the era, such as poverty and lack of suitable jobs. Therefore, concerning the doctrines of criminal sociology, this novel can be linked to the theory of daily activity and, lifestyle and it can be analyzed from criminological and sociological point of views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Analysis of Women's Narrations Of Individual, Social And International Effects Of Women's Assembly In Arbaeen Hosseini
Leila Samani Masome Shahryari Mahtab EidyThe purpose of this study was to analyze the women's narration of the individual, social and international effects of the Arbaeen Hosseini assembly. The study population was women participants in the Arbaeen Hosseini March. The sample consisted of 12 women who had at le MoreThe purpose of this study was to analyze the women's narration of the individual, social and international effects of the Arbaeen Hosseini assembly. The study population was women participants in the Arbaeen Hosseini March. The sample consisted of 12 women who had at least experienced the Arbaeen procession for once that were selected by snowballs sampling procedure. The research design was descriptive-analytical based on the data theorizing approach and was done using semi-structured interviews. In order to develop and deepen the theory, at each stage of the interview, which seemed to have a theoretical connection between the new concepts and the theory, the theoretical sampling method was used. Data analysis and encoding were also performed using Maxqda software. In total, 137 open source, 33 concepts, 14 categories and 2 major concepts were extracted from the data. The results of the study indicated the existence of many important effects of the presence of women in the Arbaeen Hosseini ceremony as an international congress and meeting place of Shiites, which had a great impact on promoting the international view of the position of women in Shiism as much as possible. Women's participation in Islamic socio-cultural ceremonies should be like Arbaeen Hosseini. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - An Analysis of the Social Status of Rural Women in The Ilkhanid Period Based on the Haas Village Cemetery Gravestones
Mehdi KazempourThe object of the present research was the analysis of the social status of rural women in the Ikhanid period based on the Haas village cemetery gravestones. 200 gravestones were intact which by non-probabilistic sampling procedure 20 gravestones that contained the maxi MoreThe object of the present research was the analysis of the social status of rural women in the Ikhanid period based on the Haas village cemetery gravestones. 200 gravestones were intact which by non-probabilistic sampling procedure 20 gravestones that contained the maximum data on women professions were selected and studied. Concerning the object, the research was a qualitative with descriptive-analytical method. To obtain the data, in the initial stage, based on field studies, the necessary documentation such as photography, redesign and interpretation of inscriptions and motifs were proceeded. After presenting the descriptions and library information, the data were reviewed by analytical method. The results indicated that, with the arrival of the Mongols in Iran, the situation of women changed and they were able to play a freer role alongside men in the various society affairs. Historical sources as well as artistic evidence showed the prominent position of court women (especially the Ladies) in political and social relations, and no data were available about rural women of the period. Meanwhile, on the tombstones of Haas Cemetery, rural men and women were depicted who, during their lifetime, each held a job in a social position and had acquired a social status commensurate with their profession. This was recognizable by the type and dimensions of the tombstones, artistic techniques, inscriptions, motifs, as well as objects on the tombstone. Men in professions such as farmer, rancher, hunter, musician and servant, and women in “Varni” weaving (durries weaving), who played a prominent role in the livelihood of the society of that period, enjoyed a similar position with men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Evaluation of Women’s Clothing during the Sassanid Era
Sara Sadeghi Zahra Mirazi Farzad FeyziThe present study aimed to evaluate women’s clothing during the Sassanid era. The research population consisted of the women's images in the reliefs, coins, seals, paintings, stuccos, and tessellations during the Sassanid era. The study sample included women&rsquo MoreThe present study aimed to evaluate women’s clothing during the Sassanid era. The research population consisted of the women's images in the reliefs, coins, seals, paintings, stuccos, and tessellations during the Sassanid era. The study sample included women’s clothing in cultural data of this era. The research design was a descriptive-analytical method. The data were gathered via library (documentary) research method by using written sources, field research, and tools such as cameras and taking note cards. The pictures were analyzed using an archaeological data method. The Sassanids' archaeological findings such as metal dishes, reliefs, coins, seals, etc. clearly showed that Iranian women were using a special kind of clothing despite their broad range of political and economic activities. The clothing was inspired by the art and culture of Sassanid kings and artists, and it was mentioned in the Avesta and most importantly, the clothing of Persians during the Sassanid era was a little different from the past so that various kinds of pleated silk and thin clothes such as shirts or tunics, capes, belts have replaced the rough and thick clothes of the past eras. In conclusion, Sassanid women such as goddess Anahita, the queen, and princesses wore clothes, running down to the ankles, a crown on their heads, pearl necklaces, and braided their hair, following the clothing described in Avesta. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - Nima Yoshij's Thoughts On The Position Of Women In Prose
Ahmad Hosseini MakaremThe purpose of this study was to examine NimaYoshij's ideas about women position in his prose. The research statistical universe included all of Nima's prose works, including his letters to his wife, diaries, letters to various individuals, stories, plays, travelogues a MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine NimaYoshij's ideas about women position in his prose. The research statistical universe included all of Nima's prose works, including his letters to his wife, diaries, letters to various individuals, stories, plays, travelogues and memoirs. The research sample was the position of women in his prose works. The research design was descriptive-analytical. To collect data library and note – taking method was implemented based on Nima’s prose books. The findings of the study showed that in the works of Nima's prose, as it is clear from his writings, women did not have a high position and were viewed according to the same traditional and popular thinking; Nima did not admire the appearance of women. In his stories, women were unfaithful lovers, superstitious and imperfect-minded who were humiliated by men and had no social presence. He did not know how to adore them rightfuly, only the loving attitude towards his wife Alieh could be seen in his letters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - Consequences of Islamophobia for United Kingdom Muslim Women Based on Moral Panic Theory
Ali Sabbaghian Mohammad Sadegh Koushki Hamzeh Safavi Ali Mohammad KhaksarThe research was intended to study The consequences of Islamophobia for United Kingdom Muslim women based on the moral panic theory. The statistical universe included whole Muslim women of England and the under study sample subsumed the immigrant Muslim females. The res MoreThe research was intended to study The consequences of Islamophobia for United Kingdom Muslim women based on the moral panic theory. The statistical universe included whole Muslim women of England and the under study sample subsumed the immigrant Muslim females. The research was designed as descriptive- analytical. By implementing library method (note taking on index cards) the data on basic concepts of Islamophobia, anti-Islamism and hostility against Islam, based on the moral panic theory were identified, collected and analyzed. The results indicated that Islamophobia alteration to hostility against Islam was the consequences of cultural and identities issues based on the moral panic theory. The most frequent violent attacks against Muslims in England targeted the Muslim female whom wore veil and “burqa”. These symbols indeed were the certain indications of being Muslim in England and even in all over Europe. The Muslim women most likely had neither any roles in extremist and terrorist actions of the Muslim fanatics in Europe nor in the Islamophobia transformation to hostility against Islam and had no any participations in none of such actions. However, the Muslim women played significant role in Muslims population increasing, but the occasional terrorist actions in Europe and specifically in England were carried out by men Muslim and the women Muslim had no any roles. Considering the financial crisis as one of the significant factors in Islamophobia commutation to hostility against Islam that correlated directly to the incrementing population of the immigrants in Europe, the Muslim men as Muslim women played almost similar roles while the non-Muslim population reactions towards this issue mostly injured the Muslim women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - Consumption Behavior of Arab Women in Eid Al-Fitr Shopping Ritual
Rezvan Bahmaei Maryam Darvishi Jaber Mohammad MoosaeeThe research aimed to study the Arab women’s behavior of consumption on the shopping of Eid al-Fitr ritual by phenomenological methodology. The statistical population consisted of all the Arab women living in Khouzestan province. The sample included 13 Arab women, MoreThe research aimed to study the Arab women’s behavior of consumption on the shopping of Eid al-Fitr ritual by phenomenological methodology. The statistical population consisted of all the Arab women living in Khouzestan province. The sample included 13 Arab women, which were saturated by the interviews. The research design was qualitative with the Van Mannen method on the interpretive paradigm basis. The data were analyzed using the phenomenological strategy via semi-structured interviews. The analysis was carried out after the sample saturation and exploration of main and secondary themes. The results ended to four main themes including: “meaning and concept of the phenomenon of Eid al-Fitr and the shopping of Eid al-Fitr in the family, role, and process of shopping for Eid al-Fitr in families, necessities and challenges of shopping for Eid al-Fitr and effects and consequences of shopping for Eid al-Fitr in families. "The most important conclusion of the study was semantic and identities overlap for the Eid al-Fitr phenomenon and shopping before Eid al-Fitr among the studied population. The indicative essence of the overlap included in the religious approach, to complying the religious duty and also ritual concept and being a tradition along with the ethnic ceremony. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - Women's Rights in the Field of Urban Rights in the Light of International Human Rights Documents
Shahram Salami Mohammad MazhariThe purpose of this study was to examine women's rights in the field of Urban rights in the light of international human rights documents. The research statistical universe included women's rights. The sample was the field of women's urban rights. The research was plann MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine women's rights in the field of Urban rights in the light of international human rights documents. The research statistical universe included women's rights. The sample was the field of women's urban rights. The research was planned as descriptive-analytical research project and data collection was done through documents and libraries by examining women's rights in international human rights documents and their compliance with the Constitution and laws of the urban area (economic, social and cultural rights). Using descriptive analysis, the results showed that women in many developing countries enjoy less economic, social, cultural and political rights than men. Also rights such as the right to employment, the right to enjoy the minimum financial resources to have an honorable life, the right to attend and participate in various social and cultural spaces, the right to have adequate facilities in the city, the right to social and urban security, the right to participate in all social and urban planning and decision-making, the right to health and the right to education were among the most important rights of women in the field of urban rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - Women and Family Positions in the Poems of Sana'i and Abul'ala Ma'ari
Hosein Salimi Ahmadnoor VahidiThe research was intended to investigate the women and family positions in the poems of Sana'i and Abul'ala Ma'ari. The study statistical universe encompassed the poetry works of Sana'i and Abul'ala Ma'ari. The sample of the research subsumed the selected verses from th MoreThe research was intended to investigate the women and family positions in the poems of Sana'i and Abul'ala Ma'ari. The study statistical universe encompassed the poetry works of Sana'i and Abul'ala Ma'ari. The sample of the research subsumed the selected verses from the poems of Sanai and Abul Ala Maari which were selected based on their positive and negative views on the position of women and family. The research was designed with descriptive- analytical method. To analyze and compare the views of two poets on the subject, a sample of the both poets' poems were discussed and analyzed The results indicated that Sanai and Abul Alaa Maari were two famous poets in Persian and Arabic literature who explained and analyzed the position of women more than others. At the same time, there were similar cases in their worldview towards women and the foundation of the family, as well as differences in their thoughts. According to Sana'i point of views, sometimes social poems about women and family were subject to emotions. On the other hand, Maari's thoughts about women and family were not only caused by fleeting feelings, but had been influenced by a kind of deep philosophical despair and pessimism, which had developed in him over many years. Another point was that many of Maari and Sana's comments and insights towards women were influenced by the society and social conditions of their era. And this was more true about Senai. In other words, many of the popular beliefs and opinions of the society about women and family had been effective in the mind and language of these two poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - Testing a Causal Model of Domestic Violence Based on Mind Reading Through the Eyes and Childhood Psychological Maltreatment Mediated by the Quality of the Marital Relationship in Traumatized Women
Sajjad Basharpoor Matineh EbadiThe aim of this study was to test a causal model of domestic violence based on mind reading through the eyes and childhood psychological maltreatment mediated by the quality of marital relationship in traumatized women. The statistical population of the study consisted MoreThe aim of this study was to test a causal model of domestic violence based on mind reading through the eyes and childhood psychological maltreatment mediated by the quality of marital relationship in traumatized women. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married women traumatized by domestic violence in Ardabil in 2021. The number of subjects was 300 who were selected via convenient sampling method and participated in the study online. The research method was descriptive and correlational. To collect data, Haj-Yahia Domestic Violence Against Women Questionnaire (2002), "Reading the Mind in the Eyes'' Test of Baron and Cohen (2005), Childhood Psychological Abuse Scale of Coates and Messman-Moore (2014), and the Marital Quality Scale of Basbi et al. (1995) were used. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the variables of mind reading through the eyes, childhood psychological maltreatment had a direct effect on domestic violence in traumatized women; And these variables through the quality of marital relationship had an indirect effect on domestic violence in traumatized women. The domestic violence in traumatized women causal model goodness of fit was also confirmed using various indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - Choice Theory Implementation on Hope, Resilience and Psychological Well-being of Divorced Women
Mina Mahmoudi Tabar Zahra DargahiThe aim of the current study was to investigate the choice theory implementation on hope, resilience, and psychological well-being of divorced women in Ahvaz. The statistical population embraced all Ahvaz divorced women whose process of their legal separations was compl MoreThe aim of the current study was to investigate the choice theory implementation on hope, resilience, and psychological well-being of divorced women in Ahvaz. The statistical population embraced all Ahvaz divorced women whose process of their legal separations was completed at the time of the investigation. The research sample consisted of 40 divorced women selected through purposive sampling and was randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (20 subjects in each group). The research design was a quasi-experimental of the pretest-posttest type with a control group. The data collecting instruments utilized in this study were Schneider et al. Hope Scale (1991), Connor & Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and Reef Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (1989). The experimental group received the choice theory intervention consisted of 8 weekly 120-minutes group sessions. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any interventions. After a month and a half, follow-up phase was performed. Data were analyzed applying multivariate as well as univariate analyses of covariance methods. The Results showed that the implementation of choice theory was effective on hope, resilience and psychological well-being in divorced women. The results were similar across target groups and were generally maintained at follow-up phase one month and a half later as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - The Psychological Status of Women in Islam and Western Civilization Based on the Ideological Paradigm of the Supreme Leader
Ali AhmadpourThe current research was intended to investigate the psychological status of women in Islam and western civilization based on the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader. The statistical universe of the research included all texts concerning the psychological status MoreThe current research was intended to investigate the psychological status of women in Islam and western civilization based on the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader. The statistical universe of the research included all texts concerning the psychological status of women in Islam and western civilization based on the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader. The sample subsumed all topics related to women included in Islam and western civilization based on the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader. The research was processed by analytical-descriptive approach. The data was collected via document reviewing and library method through note taking on index cards from printed references concerning the ideological paradigm of the supreme leader and psychology. The data was analyzed by applying content analysis procedure. The results indicated that The family is one of the most important institutions in society, and it provides the strongest foundations for the spiritual and intellectual upbringing of individuals. Within such institution, women play a central role, but Western political and advertising systems seek to undermine their status. According to the Supreme Leader's perspective, Western civilization focuses solely on the sexual and feminine aspects of women while ignoring their human dimension and status. In the West, women are exploited under the guise of freedom, which is a form of slavery and insult to women. In contrast, Islam honors women and considers being a woman a source of pride and glory. Therefore, the Islamic perspective, and consequently that of the Supreme Leader, regards women with a comprehensive view that takes into account both divine values and human logic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - Analyzing the Economic Ownership Challenges of Employed Married Women with a Qualitative Approach
Arezu Ghafoori Saideh Sharif Mohamad Mahdi Shariat BagheriThe aim of the study was to analyze the economic ownership challenges of employed married women with a qualitative approach. The statistical population included all employed married women. The research sample was 20 employed married women who were selected through purpo MoreThe aim of the study was to analyze the economic ownership challenges of employed married women with a qualitative approach. The statistical population included all employed married women. The research sample was 20 employed married women who were selected through purposive sampling procedure and interviewed using the standardized open-ended interview. After interviewing the 15th person, data saturation was achieved. The qualitative research design was carried out based on grounded theory and relying on Glazer's design. For data analysis, the substantive coding and theoretical coding method was implemented and in order to increase the accuracy of data analysis, MAXQDA version 12 was used. By evaluating the coherence between the categories with the nuclear category it was determine that among the Glasers 18 theoretical coding families, the Six C's family was more appropriate, and therefore the analysis conducted based on it. In the middle ground theory, the "marginal demands" as a core phenomenon and ten other categories including "economic conditions", " want it all " , "responsibility", "seduction", "neglect", " belong to", "spiritual intelligence"," inevitability", " economic distrust " and "cultural context", were identified; which their relationship were explained in the form of propositions and the visual model. Also, the findings showed that spiritual factors have the greatest impact on family transcendence. Spirituality is a dimension of every person's life that, if developed, gives a person the ability to go beyond the natural laws and usual orders of life and motivates a person to find meaning and purpose, especially in critical situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - Construction and Validation of Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire in Iranian Women (A Case Study of Women in Tehran)
Pooneh Moghimi Nooshin Taghinejad Sholeh Namazi Mahmoud SabahizadehThe purpose of the current research was to develop and validate Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire in Iranian women (a case study of women in Tehran). The statistical population included all the women of Tehran city. To select the subjects via interview 18 to 45 years MoreThe purpose of the current research was to develop and validate Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire in Iranian women (a case study of women in Tehran). The statistical population included all the women of Tehran city. To select the subjects via interview 18 to 45 years old women whom experienced loneliness feeling were interviewed to saturation point. After 12 interview sessions no new code was extracted. The research method was a combination of quantitative and qualitative procedures. To develop and validate the Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire in Iranian women, the participants were interviewed in the qualitative step. To assess the validation and the reliability of the questionnaire, quantitative and qualitative face validation, content validation ratio, validation content index, confirmatory and expletory factor analysis were applied. The questionnaire reliability was examined by internal consistency and halving method. The results of expletory factor analysis revealed that Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire with 13 items consisted of three factors (family loneliness, individual loneliness and social loneliness) and had proper validity and reliability. The confirmatory factor analysis also affirmed the three factors model. It could be concluded the Feeling of Loneliness Questionnaire is authentic and eligible to assess the feeling of loneliness in women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Acculturation Developmental Course of the Holy Qur'an in the Verses Revelation of the Specific to Women Explicit Rules
Khadijeh Ahmadi Bighash Ameneh Ahmadi BighashThe aim of the current research was to investigate the acculturation developmental course of the holy Qur'an in the verses revelation of the specific to women explicit rules. The universe of the study included all the verses of the Holy Quran. The research sample embrac MoreThe aim of the current research was to investigate the acculturation developmental course of the holy Qur'an in the verses revelation of the specific to women explicit rules. The universe of the study included all the verses of the Holy Quran. The research sample embraced the specific to women explicit rulings verses. The research design was descriptive-analytical. To collect data, the verses of the Holy Quran, interpretive, narrative and historical sources were reviewed via the library method. Then the data were analyzed. The findings of the research showed: The Quran is a universal book for the guidance of all mankind, which in the process of its revelation, in addition to the transmission of the text, also provided the audience with the method to realize its educational dimensions well through acculturalization. One of the most important categories of the Qur'an are the specific to women rulings verses, which are implicitly mentioned in the Meccan surah, and explicitly in the Madani surah, in topics such as: menstruation, breastfeeding period, eddeh (waiting period after divorce during which a woman cannot remarry), chastity and modesty, ghaz al-basr (staring to the men), etc. have been mentioned. Focusing on the revelation of explicit verses specific to women in the process of revelation, telling from a kind of gradual culture building in order to fight and invalidate superstitions and ignorance, preparing to accept rulings, and planning them from the simplest to the most difficult, in line with the gradual preparation and training of the audience to accept women's rights, respect their status, and promote the human character of women on the age of decline in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - The Wise Women (In Islamic Early Centuries)
Fariba TajmiralliThe implications of women presence on Islamic Gnosticism history on Islamic Era four early centuries could be observed in religious records and documents regularly and in scattered in historical and theosophical texts. The current research introduced pious women from Ba MoreThe implications of women presence on Islamic Gnosticism history on Islamic Era four early centuries could be observed in religious records and documents regularly and in scattered in historical and theosophical texts. The current research introduced pious women from Basra in the first two Islamic centuries and their knowledge which was specialized on Koran and Hadith; a record of the words and deeds of the Islam Prophet. In third and fourth centuries, one can find out that the sole reason for Khorasanian wise women presence was without any doubt the strongly structure of Neishabour in social, political and scientific circumstances. The majority of these women regarded asceticism as basis of belief and did believe that they would find their calm in worship when they purify their soul through asceticism. Shaavaneh, Rabeeh, Fateme Neishaboori , and Aesheh could be regarded the most important mystic women of the mentioned time. Khorasan became Iranian mystic’s home development in the period in which Rabee initiated mystics and Khorasanian women interested in this field more than all the Neishaboorian women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - Qualitative Investigation of Women's Identity in Bandar Abbas Based on Consumption and Indigenous Culture
Azita Pourtorogh Yaser Rastegar Saeed MoidfarThe purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate the identity of women in Bandar Abbas city based on consumption and indigenous culture. The research population included all indigenous women of Bandar Abbas city. The research sample was 18 indigenous women, wh MoreThe purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate the identity of women in Bandar Abbas city based on consumption and indigenous culture. The research population included all indigenous women of Bandar Abbas city. The research sample was 18 indigenous women, which was selected through semi-structured interviews with purposive sampling procedure considering theoretical saturation. The research method was qualitative and the data was collected using thematic analysis and three-step coding. The findings showed: sociologically, since citizens were members of various social groups, people in multicultural cities experienced a more complicated situation in terms of their formation and understanding of their identity. Consumption was a new lifestyle that affected identity, which led to its strengthening. Therefore, the construction of indigenous identity took place through the consumption of elements of indigenous culture among the women of Bandar Abbas city. "Consumption of space", "occasional and non-occasional consumption of food to acquire identity", "collective and ritual consumption of local elements", "individual consumption to acquire collective identity", and "the identity-giving nature of language use" led to the construction of the core category of "consumption of identity as a lifestyle", which showed that the native identity in Bandar Abbas city was continued based on consumption among native women and more consumption had led to the strengthening of this identity. The characteristic of Bandar Abbas culture was that a set of elements were used in it and a coherent set of elements was provided which had an effect on the specific nature of the actions of women in the society and had become an important source of identity-giving for women and the local society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Psychological and Sociological Study of Women Cultural Growth and Sublimity in Virtual Space Set
Tayyebeh ZareiThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the cultural growth and sublimity of women in the virtual space set from the psychological and sociological point of views. The research universe included all the psychological and sociological texts related to the MoreThe purpose of the current research was to investigate the cultural growth and sublimity of women in the virtual space set from the psychological and sociological point of views. The research universe included all the psychological and sociological texts related to the virtual space set and cultural growth and sublimity. The sample encased psychological, sociological, cultural and the virtual space subjects concerning women. The method of the research was descriptive-analytical. To collect data documentary and library procedure by note taking on index cards involving the significant concepts was implemented. The data was analyzed via content analysis. The results of the research showed that women needed to have mental health, participate and benefit from the facilities and opportunities of social life and their capabilities, including scientific and cultural approaches, helped women to achieve independence and self-sufficiency. The promotion of psychological health and sublimity of women was influenced by several factors, including the most important of them - the factors of restraints, promotion of public culture, women's networks and organizations, media and virtual space which were referred to as "virtual space set". Also, correct policy-making based on Islamic and Iranian culture could provide the basis for maintaining the balance and psychological health of women along with their growth and sublimity. Establishing communication and interaction of women with the society through virtual space and creating traditional networks and organizations specific to women were effective factors in maintaining the psychological health and cultural sublimity of women, which could be transformed from the specialized and scientific to the public and the popular fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - The Archetypal Function of Jung's Analytical Psychology Theory in the Cultural-Literary Flourishing of Iranian Women
Negin HeidarizadehThe aim of the current research was to investigate the concept role of archetype in Jung's analytical psychology theory on the cultural-literary flourishing of Iranian women. The research universe included all texts related to the archetype concept of the Jung's theory MoreThe aim of the current research was to investigate the concept role of archetype in Jung's analytical psychology theory on the cultural-literary flourishing of Iranian women. The research universe included all texts related to the archetype concept of the Jung's theory and cultural-literary works of Iranian women. The sample of the research subsumed the works of Etisami, Daneshvar, Behbahani and Farrokhzad. The research method was descriptive-analytical. The data was collected via library method and through note taking on index cards. An analytical procedure was applied to analyze the data. The results showed that according to Jung's point of view, the archetype has been deposited in the collective unconscious through repeated and similar experiences in the lives of the ancestors. These archetypes appear in different forms in mythology, dreams and individual fantasies, in religion and also in literature. The persistence of these archetypes in mythology and literature was due to their realness, which could give deep meaning to human life. Writing or a literary work with eternal themes could become a universal concept. Therefore, female writers and female poets were faced with common semantic images or archetypes similar to the universal symbol, this features remain forever and eternal in the minds of people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - Women Characteristics in the “Fire without Smoke” Novel with Emphasis on Humanistic Psychology Theories
Zeyanab Barzegar Khodabakhsh AsadollahiThe aim of the current research was to examine the women characteristics in the “Fire without Smoke” novel with emphasis on the humanistic psychology theories. The statistical universe encased all the “Fire without Smoke” novel text. The sample o MoreThe aim of the current research was to examine the women characteristics in the “Fire without Smoke” novel with emphasis on the humanistic psychology theories. The statistical universe encased all the “Fire without Smoke” novel text. The sample of the research enfolded the women characteristics in the mentioned novel. the research method was analytical-descriptive. And the two models of Frankel's logo-therapy and Rogers' fully functioning were utilized to psychologically examine the women characteristics in the “Fire Without Smoke” novel. The data were gathered via library method. The findings of the research showed that women played roles, in the form of different characters such as wife, mother, doctor, university professor, and writer in the novel “Fire Without Smoke”, and they had a significant impact on the culture of society during the Pahlavi era. The will to freedom and challenging the banal dominating culture were the distinct women characteristics in the novel that were manifested in cases such as literacy teaching- learning, the right to choose in marriage, equality and equality with men had appeared. The culture that governed the lives of women in the “Fire Without Smoke” novel had been formed in a bed of suffering. The personality traits such as the achievement motive and to overcome social limitations, love and excellence were the prominent manifestations of the resistance culture in the lives of the suffering women of this novel. It could be concluded that the women in the “Fire Without Smoke” novel were influential in the formation of their character and destiny, family and society, and they were one of the important foundations of the cultural developments mentioned in this novel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - The Role of Organizational and Personal Resilience in Women's Digital Business and Entrepreneurship Culture
Moahammad Bashokouh Ajirloo Niksa Jabari KordlarThe aim of this research was to study the role of organizational and personal resilience in women's digital business and entrepreneurship culture. The research universe included all studied and texts related to digital business and entrepreneurship culture. The sample e MoreThe aim of this research was to study the role of organizational and personal resilience in women's digital business and entrepreneurship culture. The research universe included all studied and texts related to digital business and entrepreneurship culture. The sample encased the topics and texts contents related to women’s digital business and entrepreneurship culture. The research was designed as a descriptive and analytical type. To collect data a library method via note taking on index cards was implemented. Then the data was analyzed through content analysis procedure. The results revealed that resilience was an important feature in the personality and character of the entrepreneur and was considered as a fundamental aspect in the entrepreneurial process. Resilience drive the organization towards achieving successful results and it could help companies manage adversity. Organizational resilience was especially important for small businesses and startups. Also, at the level of personal resilience, researchers referred to it as cognitive and behavioral characteristics. Resilient individuals had an optimistic, passionate and energizing outlook on life and were interested in new experiences. From a psychological point of view, resilient people were those who were able to withstand stress and deal with pressure. Also, the findings indicated that entrepreneurship played an important role in strengthening business culture, economic prosperity and improving national welfare. The development of technology provided a series of opportunities for women entrepreneurs to explore and expand their business operations. The communication technology development led to the birth of social media networks that enable female entrepreneurs to innovate in marketing practices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - The Role of Cultural and Psychological Capital in Women's Athletics Involvement (A Qualitative Study)
Mohammad Hassan FerdowsiThis research aimed to investigate the role of cultural and psychological capitals in women's athletics involvement. The study's statistical population included; university faculty members, managers, athletes, and female coaches active at championship levels in Khuzesta MoreThis research aimed to investigate the role of cultural and psychological capitals in women's athletics involvement. The study's statistical population included; university faculty members, managers, athletes, and female coaches active at championship levels in Khuzestan province. Snow ball sampling procedure was processed to select the sample. Interviews were conducted with 14 individuals from the mentioned community, and theoretical saturation was achieved from the twelfth interview onward. The research method was a qualitative one with an exploratory approach. To develop the proposed model “Grounded Theory” initiated method was implemented. Data were collected through semi-structured qualitative interviews. Data analysis and coding were conducted using the open, axial, and selective coding methods. The results revealed five main contents (causal factors, background factors, interventionist factors, strategies and consequences) and 23 axial categories. The causal factors were categorized in cultural (gender equality, economic status, social factors) and psychological capitals (resiliency, hopefulness, self-efficacy and optimisms). The background factors (cultural upbringing, education and awareness, media), interventionist factors (stereotypical thinking, gender discrimination, cultural concern about appearance, lack of social support, injustice, economic constraints), strategies (cultural awareness enhancement, promotion of representation, infrastructure development, financial support), and consequences (individual dimensions, social dimensions, and cultural dimensions) were also considered. It could be concluded that cultural and psychological capitals would help to form positive attitudes towards women's involvement in athletics and increase women's empowerment and social development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - Analyzing the Educational Role of Women in the Family Environment from the Perspective of Islamic Culture With Emphasis on the both Imams of the Revolution Point of Views
Ahad Omidi Leyla Aghaverdizadeh Sadeg FaizzadehThe current research was intended to study the educayional role of women in the family environment from the prespectve of Islamic culture with emphisis on the both Imams of the revolution view points. The research universe enfolded all the lectures and books of Imam Kho MoreThe current research was intended to study the educayional role of women in the family environment from the prespectve of Islamic culture with emphisis on the both Imams of the revolution view points. The research universe enfolded all the lectures and books of Imam Khomeini (God Blessed Him)) and the Supreme Leader of the Revolution and educational texts related to the prespectve of Islamic culture. The sample encased the lectures and books of Imam Khomeini (G B H)) and the Supreme Leader of the Revolution and topics related to the educayional role of women in the family environment from the prespectve of Islamic culture. The reseach was set as descriptive-analytical. To collect data library method by note taking on the index cards was enforced. Data were analyzed by applying content analysis procedure. The results indicated that in Islamic culture, the family plays a vital role in the society and people's thoughts. Among family members, women have a prominent role. Woman as wife and mother, has a significant impact on the education of family. From the view point of the Imams of the revolution, the educational role of women in the family is divided into two general parts, the educational and guiding role. According to the duty of wife and mother women could have a great impact in the family. Therefore, in the context of Islamic culture and according to the opinions of the imams of the revolution, to have a healthy and educated family, Therefore, in the context of Islamic culture and according to the opinions of the imams of the revolution, to have a healthy and educated family, special attention should be paid to the educational role of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Creative Thinking in Woman’ Architecture: A View on Psychological Base
نغمه Alizad Gohari الهام ForoozandehUndoubtedly one of the most important elements of designing and constructing permanent structures, salient and unique buildings is based on creativity. Creative thinking is one of the most complex and highest manifestations of human thought that leads to the MoreUndoubtedly one of the most important elements of designing and constructing permanent structures, salient and unique buildings is based on creativity. Creative thinking is one of the most complex and highest manifestations of human thought that leads to the uniqe architecture buldings. Since classical architecture view includes three areas named as strength, utility and aesthetics (structure, function, form); creativity can appears in all of these three layers. For example, sometimes the architectural structure occurs as the most innovative work, such as Calatrava’s works; and sometimes form may appear as the first and most important factor, such as Gehry and Le Corbusier’s works. Also creative thinking can play a considerable role in case of function, for example sophasticated airports plans can end to complex problems optimized resolving. These three factors can be also seen in a single project. Although a great deal of psychological studies examine and emphasis on gender differences in general and particulary in creativity, this paper was written about different aspects of creativity in architecture.Finally with regard to the psychological findings, creativity in women’s designs was discussed and creative examples of projects which presented by women -with a focus on Zaha Hadid – were introduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Woman Appearance in Contemporary Arabic Poetry (Case study: Fawziyya Abu Khalid Poetry)
Mohsen Seifi Sadigheh Jafari nezhadFawziyya Abu Khalid (1955) is a Contemporary Saudi poet who versified the essence of much of her poetic collections due to the woman. This poet objected her community in many poems on the ignoring of women's right. The research was purposed to study the woman appearance MoreFawziyya Abu Khalid (1955) is a Contemporary Saudi poet who versified the essence of much of her poetic collections due to the woman. This poet objected her community in many poems on the ignoring of women's right. The research was purposed to study the woman appearance in her works by applying descriptive- analytic method and to review some of woman position in Fawziyya Abu Khalid poems. She was especially concerned about complain of not honoring the woman sufficiently as the mother of humanity, the mother who she considered as a symbol of fertility and resurrection and interpreted her as homeland and appealed her freedom from the yoke of oppression of her community. To counter the society traditions and to defend her famine rights freely, she turned to poems so she could stand up against the women humiliations via utilizing the lyrics language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - Meta-Policies on Women Employment with Respect to Ethic and Law Philosophy
مهدی Abdolhamid حسین Babaei MojaradThe women employment has been a controversy issue. Regarding the different aspects on such an agenda; numerous positions had been taken to either oppose or support it. What should be taken into concern in raising the women employment topic is diagnosing the existing pro MoreThe women employment has been a controversy issue. Regarding the different aspects on such an agenda; numerous positions had been taken to either oppose or support it. What should be taken into concern in raising the women employment topic is diagnosing the existing problematic and drawing effective policies to resolve them; concerning femininity gender and Islamic ethic and law principles. While law philosophy with realistic view point and by referencing to advantages and disadvantages; appropriate to women potentialities and capacities and via adaptation of natural and approved laws, tried to support the women employment. On contrary the ethic philosophy tend to oppose women employment by discussing controversial issues; meanwhile by directing women employment toward affective and emotional management of the society; it authorized the women employment while lack of contradictory to women roles in the family and in-home and appropriate to innate women characteristics. It is necessary to accomplish policies to eliminate the obstacles of women employment based on Islamic Ethic and Law Philosophy. Such policies should be based on benefit of the feminine and the society, realization social and political insight, safeguarding the family, protecting women identity, virtue, and emotional management of the family and the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - Prediction Model of Romantic Relationship on the basis of Perfectionism Components among Married Female College Students
محسن Golparvar ساناز Setayeshmanesh M. R. MosahebiThis research was administered with the aim of determining the relationship between perfectionism components and romantic relationship among married women college student. The research statistical population was the married women of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Kho MoreThis research was administered with the aim of determining the relationship between perfectionism components and romantic relationship among married women college student. The research statistical population was the married women of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) branch. 351 persons were selected by stratified random sampling procedure. The research instruments were Perfectionism Questionnaire (Frost et al, 990) and Romantic Relationship Questionnaire (Attridge et al, 1998). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that there were significant relationships between parental expectations and parental criticism with romantic dependence, and between personal standards, order and organization, worry about errors and doubts about actions with romantic insecurity. The enter multiple regression analysis results revealed that order and organization and parental expectations can respectively predict romantic dependence, and personal standards, worry about errors, doubts about actions and parental expectations can predict romantic insecurity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - Study of Effective Internal and External Factors on Women's Entrepreneurship
هاجر Aramoon حبیب الله Mirghafori حبیب Zare Ahmad AbadiIn the recent decades women's entrepreneurship issues have been concerned by the official authorities in order to solve the women's unemployment problem. Although in the past; they did not distinguish between the factors affecting men and women entrepreneurship. But wit MoreIn the recent decades women's entrepreneurship issues have been concerned by the official authorities in order to solve the women's unemployment problem. Although in the past; they did not distinguish between the factors affecting men and women entrepreneurship. But with regard to personality and cognitive differences between men and women, the researchers gradually have differed between the factors affecting men and women entrepreneurship. Since the clothing industry of Yazd is one of the oldest industries in which women's ability to have been exhibited, our purpose in this paper was to identify the internal and external factors affecting women's entrepreneurial activities and studying the relationship between them and the influence of these factors. For this purpose the researcher designed a questionnaire with 55 items. The statistical sample included all the women who have been done entrepreneurship in Yazd clothing industry. In order to test research hypothesis, regression analysis was implemented. Results showed that internal factors including individual attributes, recognizable attributes, role pattern, social culture, organizational components had significant direct linear relationship and environmental components including accessibility of resource and environmental dynamism have nonlinear relationship with woman’s entrepreneurship. Notable point was the mediator roles of environmental factors in relationship to other variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Armed Hostilities and Violence against Women and Children from International Regulations Point of View
H. A. Moazanzadegun M. A. Heidari امین NikomanzariThe armed hostility in the present age is one of the most important issues in international and domestic affairs. The world is almost facing civil and international war every day. Preventing such conflicts depends on the development of democracy and respect for human ri MoreThe armed hostility in the present age is one of the most important issues in international and domestic affairs. The world is almost facing civil and international war every day. Preventing such conflicts depends on the development of democracy and respect for human rights and the rule of law in various dimensions. Despite the wars stimulating factors, women and children have always been suffered the most injuries of the wars in different forms based on historical documents. One of the women urgent international problems is the systematic rape against women and children in armed disputes that aimed ethnic cleansing and carried on by brutality. Certainly decisive and serious confronting by the international community could have prevented such inhumane actions .The most important crimes were mentioned in this article referring the international documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - Woman in View of Mey Ziyade
رمضان Rezaei الناز Amiri P. N. Ali AkbariMost portions of the Arab societies’ modern developments are due to intellectuals and sages who have been living during recent centuries. As regard to the attained information and knowledge on social problems of European and Western world, they tried to apply such MoreMost portions of the Arab societies’ modern developments are due to intellectuals and sages who have been living during recent centuries. As regard to the attained information and knowledge on social problems of European and Western world, they tried to apply such paradigms while involving themselves within their local traditional and religious societies. One example of such social problematic was the women agenda and their demands. There had been poets and writers among Arab intellectuals. Women were part of many such people. What had been the most significant in such conditions was that the woman question to be raised and discussed by a woman. Who could be a distinguished person that could explain women’s problems except “Mey Ziyadat” due to her reputation for a moderate stand? Mey Ziyade” was a social reformer woman who considered woman as a “real woman”. This article reviewed “Mey Ziyade’s” points of view about woman by using content analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - Predicting Of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Among Women Through Organizational Support, Organizational Identity And Psychological Capital
Ali Mahdad Farnaz GhaeliThe main purpose of this research was to predict organizational citizenship behaviors among women through organizational support, organizational identity and psychological capital. The current study was a descriptive correlational The statistical population was all the MoreThe main purpose of this research was to predict organizational citizenship behaviors among women through organizational support, organizational identity and psychological capital. The current study was a descriptive correlational The statistical population was all the women employees of a big private hospital in Esfahan. 160 subjects were selected via convenience sampling. In this research a set of questionnaire consisting of Organizational Support (Eisenberger et al, 1986), Psychological Capital (Luthans et al., 2007), Organizational Identity (Mael & Ashforth, 1992), and organizational citizenship behaviors (Lee & Allen, 2002) were implemented. Data were analyzed by use of Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis . The result showed that there are significant positive relationship between organizational support, organizational identity, psychological capital and organizational citizenship behaviors (P≤0.01). Moreover, results of regression analysis indicated that the organizational identity and psychological capital were able to significantly predict 26 percent of organizational citizenship behaviors’ variances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - Teleworking Consequences on the Women Employees
حسین Damghanian فرناز RoozbanTele-working is part of the new world jobs. Such a work style that has gained a lot of adherents in very recent years is depended on the Information technology (IT) effective utilization. Information technology (IT) is an auxiliary to promote such a work style but to at MoreTele-working is part of the new world jobs. Such a work style that has gained a lot of adherents in very recent years is depended on the Information technology (IT) effective utilization. Information technology (IT) is an auxiliary to promote such a work style but to attain it; other factors should be considered; alike, organization, work identity, the employee characters, life style, gender and… Beside the advantages and benefits of such a work style there have been consequences for individuals, families and organizations that must be taken in to concern. The women employment status, Tele-working implementation, negative and positive consequences for the women and their families caused by such a work style were reviewed in the present paper. Tele-working donated the home locus opportunity to women to stay beside the family while stimulatingly carrying out house keeping, child nurturing tasks and their job duties, but this might cause some problems for the women and their families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Misogyny and Female Eulogistic in Sanaii’s Hadighat-ul- Haghighah
محمود Jafari ساره TarbiyitWith respect to the researches done by the great literary figures of the Persian literature, Sanaii Ghaznavi, a great 5th century poet, has been considered as one of the pioneers; those who combined the amatory phrases with mystic ones for the first time; by such a way MoreWith respect to the researches done by the great literary figures of the Persian literature, Sanaii Ghaznavi, a great 5th century poet, has been considered as one of the pioneers; those who combined the amatory phrases with mystic ones for the first time; by such a way he initiated an innovative style. On the other hand both fields of amatory and mystic poetry were endowed with beauty, and since women were assumed as the embodiment of beauty, therefore their image as beloved has been institutionalized. This could somehow justify Sanaii’s attitude towards the role of women in poetry. It should also be added that in Sanaii’s poems, women were not given their proper status. Although he might be offensive towards women, but it does not necessarily mean that women were regarded evil; while eulogistically writing in praise of women did not necessarily mean that they were reputed good either. An attempt was made in this article to trace the aforementioned elements in Sanaii’s Hadighat-ul-Haghighah and bring out their importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - A Feminist Critical Approach to the Sonnets of Simin Behbahani
ساره TarbiatFeminism has been a social movement that, like other developing schools in the West, first took shape in arts and literature, and it then contributed to the social and political issues through literary works. Therefore the concentration on the role of women has turned i MoreFeminism has been a social movement that, like other developing schools in the West, first took shape in arts and literature, and it then contributed to the social and political issues through literary works. Therefore the concentration on the role of women has turned into one of the most serious subjects in the contemporary poetry. Within this context a sonneteer like Simin Behbahani emerged in the contemporary literature and changed the attitude of the society towards women, and depicted women in a way that it had never been noticed in the preceding Persian sonnets. The most important works Behbahani has done is that she has presented women in a way that they would talk for themselves and gain the power of expression.Thus an attempt is made in this article by the author to analyze few important sonnets of the above-mentioned poet in order to display women’s role in the social life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - The Role of Women’s Figurines in Ancient World Based on Archaeological Discovery
S. R. Mosavi Haji سامان Farzin مریم ZourPrior to script ion invention the humane expressed hearts and minds by figurines made of either mud or stones and etc. The scattered settled tribes of the Iranian plateau on B.C millennium were not always pure faithful imitators of the nature, but they often tended to e MorePrior to script ion invention the humane expressed hearts and minds by figurines made of either mud or stones and etc. The scattered settled tribes of the Iranian plateau on B.C millennium were not always pure faithful imitators of the nature, but they often tended to expose their fancy and memory contents via either stone sculpture or artistic pottery by using ax head or fingers based on their wishes, rites or beliefs manifestation. The animal figurines were possibly considered as either vow; made to God or a sacred person or shrine, or as offerings. The female figurines were probably symbolized the birth and creation (Mother Goddess) and represented the rituals aspects. The psychological analysis of the mentioned art works could reveal that the artist that made such an artwork not due to the pure art but also to express an idea. The earliest man-made works of art were mostly the female human being figurines. The feminine was so mysterious for the ancient people and this could be seen in the created figurines. From the archaeological and the anthropology perspectives the woman represented the myth symbol considering the archaeological ancient world weltanschauung. The Lady Goddess was the primal archetype of woman characteristics. The Goddess was not only the mother figure of the humane being but the mother of the all creatures. The animals sculptured in any figurine represented such a matter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Feminine Poetries A survey on the role of female poets in Iran
بهزاد KhajatAlthough the number of female poets has been less than man, it is not a good reason to neglecttheir very important role in creating poems and literary works all around the world. All literarymovements seem to have some women with magnificent literary works and very wond MoreAlthough the number of female poets has been less than man, it is not a good reason to neglecttheir very important role in creating poems and literary works all around the world. All literarymovements seem to have some women with magnificent literary works and very wonderful poems,all the time. In Iran, even in the most traditional historical periods, women had created wonderfulliterary works. It is obvious that social and historical status of men and women poets have been diflferent, in spite of that, their values were not affected by their status. Even most of the time, it couldbe seen that women have been much more kind and affectionate in creating an artistic literary work.The purpose of this article was to show women’s role playing process in creating literary worksfrom the very beginning of the existence of modern poetry. The name of all the female poets andsome of their influential poems were mentioned and their success and failure was discussed too.The author tried not to ignore any well-known name from the list, meanwhile, social concerns ofsuch kind of evolutions was considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - Future Study Of Women Educations Status In the Middle East With Focus On Iran
ام البنی Polab زهرا Pishgahi FardThe scientific, economic, social and political prestige and significance gained by the women are considered as one of the most important components of any country’s development. The women educations as a significant social development constituent have been permane MoreThe scientific, economic, social and political prestige and significance gained by the women are considered as one of the most important components of any country’s development. The women educations as a significant social development constituent have been permanently evaluated and taken into concern in the strategic plan. Promoting the women educations is one of the Middle East various countries competition arena that had been explicated in the developing goals of the year 1400 horizon by Islamic Republic of Iran. The present article studied the women educations established position in the Middle East countries. Descriptive and analytic procedures were employed. By implementing multiple-stage sampling and defining the present ranking; the Middle East countries’ standings for the year 2025 was estimated based on the gender development indices and via time- series design analysis techniques;. The results revealed that Islamic Republic of Iran will be ranked to the thirteenth eminence among the whole twenty two Middle East countries on 2025. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - The Woman, Culture: Two Glosses
Sayedeh Saaideh SanjariThe emergence of Human mind longitudinal flows to promote the social structure and transcend the morality since very long ago, is called “culture”. By practicing special behaviors which led to order, any individual as a community member obtain the values, fa MoreThe emergence of Human mind longitudinal flows to promote the social structure and transcend the morality since very long ago, is called “culture”. By practicing special behaviors which led to order, any individual as a community member obtain the values, faith and beliefs of the society. The individual behaviors and practices that have descended via generations, gradually refurbished by the society according to the norms, become dominant as a culture. Among some of these values the women and their status and our ancestors’ attitude are so important to be considered for studying and cultural recognition. That the women were well esteemed and highly respected in the history of our homeland culture. Such respect and esteem could be observed in the ancient texts and stories that manifested the ancestors’ attitude and culture. The author in this paper presented subjects on the very beginning of the Human creation and inquired the woman as a being creation epitome either in all good or evil symbols on the ancient eras. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - The Study Of Women's Presence And Power In Men's Work Environments In Iran (Case Study: Jiroft City)
کرامت اله Rasekh ندا SaidiThe aim of this research was the sociological study of women's presence and power in men's professional environment. The sample was selected randomly via multiple-stage cluster sampling. The data was collected by implementation of the the researcher initiate MoreThe aim of this research was the sociological study of women's presence and power in men's professional environment. The sample was selected randomly via multiple-stage cluster sampling. The data was collected by implementation of the the researcher initiated questionnaire in a sample of 200 women living in the City Jiroft in Kerman province in Iran. To investigate the relations and correlations among variables, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation were applied. The so-called equality theory was the theoretical basis for the research. The research was proposed to examine how women are socialized in a man's environment and how they try to influence this field. The results of the research showed that there was a significant relationship between social sense of belonging, hope of promotion, avoiding the deviant patterns of behavior, level of education, family education and social participation of women. No any significant relationship between types of occupations of women and social participation was obtained. Research showed that workplace become richer by the presence of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - Family and Familial Relations in Parvin Etesami’s Court Poetry
M. S. Asadi-firoozabadiParvin Etesami talked a lot about family, its members and their relations in her court poetry. She referred to the role of woman as mate and mother and the role of man as mate and father. The children and their relationship with parents were also mentioned. She used sev MoreParvin Etesami talked a lot about family, its members and their relations in her court poetry. She referred to the role of woman as mate and mother and the role of man as mate and father. The children and their relationship with parents were also mentioned. She used several ways for talking about family and its members such as metaphor, parable and story telling. Orphans, animals (especially poultry) and businessmen have various roles in her stories. Although many researchers have talked about the character of woman in Persian literature but researches about familial relations was less discussed. Research about this topic helps us to know more about poet’s character, beliefs and thoughts. This descriptive-analytic research that has been done based on literature review showed that among the members of family, woman especially as mother had a premiere role in Parvin Etesami works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - Iranian Woman’s Position in Contemporary Poetic Works
عیسی DarabpourAfter the Constitutional Revolution Period (Mashrouteh) with regard to the progress in developed countries and the Iranian society, the women also entered the realm of overt social relations and became aware of their social and humanitarian values and portrayed their so MoreAfter the Constitutional Revolution Period (Mashrouteh) with regard to the progress in developed countries and the Iranian society, the women also entered the realm of overt social relations and became aware of their social and humanitarian values and portrayed their social identity by their writings. To emancipate Iranian women and achieving equality of women’s and men’s rights, they stressed on the presence of women on different social and cultural circumstances. The poetess expressed their ideas by means of poem regarding women status in Iranian society. Among the entire contemporary Iranian poetess, Jaleh Ghaemmaghami, Parvin Etesami and Simin Behbahani attained a deeper view with respect to woman’s position and had attended to the agenda. Therefore we purposed to investigate the dimensions of the subject by emphasizing on the above mentioned three poetesses’ poetic works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - The Angles Are Not the Acumen of the Woman’s World
S. M. A. Ayazi S. H. HoseiniRespecting the attitude toward the woman that lasted all over the human history; considering her as goddess and angle from one hand and burying her alive to other hand; The Holly Quaran challenged and confronted such deviated believes, a believe that reputing the woman MoreRespecting the attitude toward the woman that lasted all over the human history; considering her as goddess and angle from one hand and burying her alive to other hand; The Holly Quaran challenged and confronted such deviated believes, a believe that reputing the woman as “ the daughter of god”. While the Holly Quaran respecting the man and the woman serving each others as complement; defined the angle position toward the world acumens. To purify the religion (Islam) from any Innovation and to give a true clear definition of the woman position in culture and the humanity; it is necessary to clarify the woman position from any deviated believes and traditions. The author attempted to analyze the Quaran and Hadith and the history to give a clear image on the issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - Woman from the Holy Prophet's Point Of View
محمد ShafieiThe emergence of woman’s true character, accomplishment of difficult duties and divine and humane responsibilities, and progression towards her true perfection necessitate avoiding taking extreme views but expressing correct opinion in accordance with nature which MoreThe emergence of woman’s true character, accomplishment of difficult duties and divine and humane responsibilities, and progression towards her true perfection necessitate avoiding taking extreme views but expressing correct opinion in accordance with nature which is deeply rooted in religious teachings. Since God has introduced Prophet Muhammad as a prototype so that believers could follow his speech and deeds, one of the issues which have been emphasized in his speech is introducing woman character and the particular look at it. The Holy Prophet, a true prototype of humanity, has discussed and investigated woman from different perspectives. The following are among the most important ones: woman’s glory and her religious identity, mother’s role and her nurturing duties, cooperation and giving rewards for service to husband, attention to daughter, husband’s duty to his wife and hatred toward divorce. If the prophet's commands are taken into account, the level of comfort in families will increase and the possibility of growth and excellence in family members will be provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - Repercussions of Oil Industry In Three Novels of Women Writers
S. M. Nourian Sh HatampourPolitical, economic and social developments in a society have always great impacts on its literature.In our country, since the inception of the oil industry, it has been the focus of economic, politicaland social agendas. This industry has grown dramatically in the sout MorePolitical, economic and social developments in a society have always great impacts on its literature.In our country, since the inception of the oil industry, it has been the focus of economic, politicaland social agendas. This industry has grown dramatically in the south and has affected the lifestyles of the people of south. In this paper, we reviewed the repercussion of the oil industry in thenovels “Tuba and The Meaning of The Night” by Shahrnush Parsipour ,” Drowning Experts” byMoniru Ravanipour and ”I Will Turn Off The Lights” by Zoya Pirzad. Positive repercussions of theoil industry were including familiarity with the world literature, cinema, learning English languageand etc. The negatives were including westernization, humiliating native population, disruption ofthe traditions and etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - Nezami “Khamseh”: Woman’s Transcendence Gradin
فاطمه Momayezi یدالله Bahmani MotlaghDespite the noble Qur’an teachings and the exemplary practices of the Holly Innocents concerning the woman, often in the past such an outstanding social and human element was negatively viewed and sometimes humiliated. In such a patriarchal environment, there were MoreDespite the noble Qur’an teachings and the exemplary practices of the Holly Innocents concerning the woman, often in the past such an outstanding social and human element was negatively viewed and sometimes humiliated. In such a patriarchal environment, there were very a few poets that praised such an eminent creature. Hakin Nezami, the poet was the first of the Persian poets who spoke out and defended the women's rights, virtues and perfections. Perhaps one of the reasons was because he reaped a lot of love from a kind mother and lovely wife. Therefore the anima of the poet might make him to take positive attitude towards the woman in his poems. According to his point of view, the woman own sage and efficient personality so she could be a good guide for the men. This article reviewed the development of Hakim Nezami attitude toward woman based on “Makhzan Alasrarn” and “Askndrnamh”. Concerning Nezami point of views the woman is not the second sex but she is to reflect the beauty of the Lord. Her acumens were guidance for many great men and powerful kings. He discussed that a lot of women left more glorious statesmanship and kingdom heritage than men because of their mature practice and performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - The Reason Of Rejectting Zehar In Quran Verses; Reality Of The Concept Of Relative And The Defense of Women's Rights
Saeed BabaeiZehar is a kind of divorce in pre-Islamic period in Arabia which causes the permanent religiously prohibited of a man to engage with a woman. In addition the woman was not allowed to marry with the other man until her death. Zehar verses were appeared after the first oc MoreZehar is a kind of divorce in pre-Islamic period in Arabia which causes the permanent religiously prohibited of a man to engage with a woman. In addition the woman was not allowed to marry with the other man until her death. Zehar verses were appeared after the first occurrences of Zehar between Moslems and transcended in Madine. The aim of this essay is to survey the content of Zehar verses and the way that Quran encounter with this ignorant tradition. Analytical and descriptive methods are used for writing this essay. The result of this research is in the first respond to this unapproved pre-Islamic period tradition. Zehar verses realized the relative concepts and titles such as ‘Motherhood’ and emphasizes on the reality of the cases. So the similarity of wife to mother was the basic element in Zehar, that is without any effect and it had been an abolished comparison. It is necessary to know that the real account of relative concepts and the criterion that presents the Zehar verses could be used in the different discussion such as adoption, artificial insemination, embryo donation, surrogate uterus and simulation. These methods could be used to determine the child’s parents. Zehar verses announced the forbidden of Zehar and to make atonement by zeharic man due to his reprehensible behavior; it completed the challenge of Islam with this irrational behavior with a wife and it showed the best deference of woman rights Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - The Contentment as Ethical Virtue in Man and Woman life
Sayed Kazem MousaviThe main purpose of this research was Predicting of organizational citizenship behaviors among women through organizational support, organizational identity and psychological capital. The current study is a descriptive correlational and statistical population is all wom MoreThe main purpose of this research was Predicting of organizational citizenship behaviors among women through organizational support, organizational identity and psychological capital. The current study is a descriptive correlational and statistical population is all women employees of a big private hospital in Esfahan, from them, 160 subjects were selected via convenience sampling. In this research a set of questionnaire consisting of organizational support (Eisenberger et al, 1986), psychological capital (Luthans et al., 2007), organizational identity (Mael & Ashforth, 1992), and organizational citizenship behaviors (Lee & Allen, 2002) were used. Data were analyzed with use of Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis and the result showed that there are significant positive relationship between organizational support, organizational identity, psychological capital and organizational citizenship behaviors (P≤0.01). Moreover, results of regression analysis showed that the organizational identity and psychological capital were able to predict 26 percent of organizational citizenship behaviors’ variances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - Woman in Today Iranian Poesy
آیت ShokatiStudy of a country’s social, political, cultural and religious conditions isn’t discriminated from its literature. Poets have illustrated the wars as well as the historians did and re-narrated religious beliefs which have originated from the culture of the s MoreStudy of a country’s social, political, cultural and religious conditions isn’t discriminated from its literature. Poets have illustrated the wars as well as the historians did and re-narrated religious beliefs which have originated from the culture of the society in literary forms. Our literatures are plenteous of magnitude samples that represent the woman value and introduce the glorified schema of the woman on every here and there. The established article tried to recite the Iranian cultural attitude concerning the woman and her rights, presence and status in Iranian society culture via quoting numerous Iranian today poetic works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
462 - Women’s Poem and Its Features in the Advent of Islam
M. J. Esmael Ghanemi جواد Sa`adounzadeh علی SepahyarThis research was devoted to women’s literature and its characteristics in the era of Islam. Since the writing of history of Arabic literature was male-dominated: in some cases locating literary works and poetry produced by women was difficult. But in the modern a MoreThis research was devoted to women’s literature and its characteristics in the era of Islam. Since the writing of history of Arabic literature was male-dominated: in some cases locating literary works and poetry produced by women was difficult. But in the modern age due to various researches, the role of women in poetry and literature has been more evident and many sources deal with women’s poetry. We can be realized that women’s poetry has its own differentiating characteristics. Among these differences is that women did not sell their poetry for cheap and did not make it a source of earning a living. “Emotion” had been a strong feature of women’s poetry. Women’s poetic techniques were not much different from men’s; although women poets tended to use specific techniques such as elegy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
463 - The Study Of Women Position In Nahjolbalaqa
سکینه Sarami حسن MajidiThis study analyzed the status and rights of women that were discussed in Nahjolbalaqa. One of the critical resources that have long been discussed about the role and status of women in the religious attitude has been the word “Menin” in the Nahjolbalaqa. So MoreThis study analyzed the status and rights of women that were discussed in Nahjolbalaqa. One of the critical resources that have long been discussed about the role and status of women in the religious attitude has been the word “Menin” in the Nahjolbalaqa. Some appear to adhere to his word and denied the perfection seeking and high humane values of woman. Some others while insisting on woman nobility and dignity discussed that His speech ignored the true position and dignity of woman and disconfirmed His word. This study intended to prove that in spite of his ignorance of tradition, He respected the character and position of women. Imam Ali (Salute to Him) introduced the woman as the epitome of beauty and kindness. He emphasized on the restoration of the rights of women, including political, economic, cultural, educational, social. In addition, He advised the men to respect the rights of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
464 - A review on approaches of women's gender identity
فریبا Zargar ShiraziThis paper studied effective factors in gender identity and individual differences between men and women. Mythological, psychological and social approaches were reviewed. Mythological approaches were man-centered. Psycho- analitical theory emphasises on psycho-sexual ca MoreThis paper studied effective factors in gender identity and individual differences between men and women. Mythological, psychological and social approaches were reviewed. Mythological approaches were man-centered. Psycho- analitical theory emphasises on psycho-sexual causes. Evolutionary psychology supported the genetical origin of social roles for masculinity and fiminity in the specices. Social learning theory believed that observational learning, imitiation and reinforcement are the main factors in gender identity. Cognitive approaches purposed that the information processing for gender role- schemas make self- concepts of gender identity. Feministic theories emphasises on social and cultural forces in passivity of women versus men. Androgyny model pointed that both men and women can accept other roles and function similarilly. Islamic approache believed men and women had created equally and so, they have equal rights in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
465 - The Role of Islamic Azad University in Women's Educational, Cultural, Social and Economic Affairs
فروغ Rudgarnezhad کریم Kia Kojory A. R. TaheriThe purpose of this study was to examine the role of Islamic Azad University in educational, cultural, social and economic affairs of Port of Anzali city women. To investigate the consequences of Islamic Azad University establishing 110 subjects were questioned by imply MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the role of Islamic Azad University in educational, cultural, social and economic affairs of Port of Anzali city women. To investigate the consequences of Islamic Azad University establishing 110 subjects were questioned by implying a researchers initiated questionnaire with 0/84 reliability coefficient during a descriptive survey research. Afterward, the structural equation model was extracted by statistical correlation test, direct and indirect relationships between variables and regression equations in the form of interactive path analysis. The results suggested that in all the quadric main variables; educational, cultural, social and economical affairs; Islamic Azad University had positive significant impact on the status of women. Impact of these factors in order of importance were social, educational, economic and cultural factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - Woman in Sanaei and Moulavi View Points As Unity with Exalted Right (GOD)
فلور Valipour chahardah-cherikThe prospect of pundit Sanaei and Moulana about woman as most high manifestation of unity with Right (God) can be known as sublime of woman position in current culture of the present era. These two Iranian elite poet and gnostic, by attributing the special characteristi MoreThe prospect of pundit Sanaei and Moulana about woman as most high manifestation of unity with Right (God) can be known as sublime of woman position in current culture of the present era. These two Iranian elite poet and gnostic, by attributing the special characteristic to the elite and merited women, defined those greats as model and pattern for all humans and considered the achievement to such a position possible for any human who put him/her-self in this route and path. Sanaei and Moulavi praised the women as mature human being and the intermediate between Right and the creature and discovered many Gnostic secrets by this way. They defined the woman as most high symbol of Divine beauty and love and also most comprehensive manifestation of Divine manes and having the attributes of creativeness and comprehensiveness and stated the whole and highness of Right (God) in the mirror of woman existence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - Legal Issues That Affected the Ancient Iranian Women in Shahnameh
صبا BiyokzadehAncient men and women were equal in all respects. There were no discrimination and inequality. Women rights in all societies and on all the time have been depended on the era expedients, cultural characteristics of the society and the social relations type. In ancient I MoreAncient men and women were equal in all respects. There were no discrimination and inequality. Women rights in all societies and on all the time have been depended on the era expedients, cultural characteristics of the society and the social relations type. In ancient Iran there were specific rights for the women such as marriage, divorce, property, housekeeping, child-rearing and so on. This could be better understood by looking at the Shahnameh. Woman presence in Shahnameh was crucial and decisive appearance. Women's role as family cohort and as a major factor in emergence and disappearance of power had been discussed all over in the Shahnameh. This paper attempted to review the important women law issues as well as the role of women in Shahnameh to better understand the women's rights and status in ancient epic introducing such topics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
468 - The Effective Factors On The Decline Of Women’s Status After The Demise Of Islam’s Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him)
Soheyla Rostami The aim of this research was to investigate the effective factors on the decline of women’s status after the demise of Islam’s prophet. The research design was analytical-descriptive with library method. The factors included first regression to the ri More The aim of this research was to investigate the effective factors on the decline of women’s status after the demise of Islam’s prophet. The research design was analytical-descriptive with library method. The factors included first regression to the rituals, customs and traditions of ignorance period about woman, such as humiliating women and giving superiority to men. Second, dictatorship and autocracy of some rulers which resulted in the prevalence of immortality and lacking the growth of human virtue and finally vulnerabilities to the women; third, the prevalence of patriarchal thoughts in anticipating the problems about women and interpreting the verses of Quran and Hadiths and narratives in a way of benefitting to men and weakening the women; fourth, mixing Islam culture and foreign culture that had no any value for women and influence of such thoughts into Muslims; fifth, prevalence of extremism and fanaticism in society and prohibiting women’s cooperation in different social areas and even going to mosque; sixth, instrumental view to women as a tool for fun, entertainment and abuse; seventh, inattention to education of women and restricting them inside a house and depriving them from education and obtaining knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
469 - The Study of Miracle of Kole' Divorce
حسن Majidi ناهید Khosh ahangThe marriage contract and family establishing were reconfirmed in Islam and The Muslims wereencouraged in such practices. However some times the divorce becomes a necessity. Otherwisein such cases if either the man or the woman would not claim for divorce, exhausting di MoreThe marriage contract and family establishing were reconfirmed in Islam and The Muslims wereencouraged in such practices. However some times the divorce becomes a necessity. Otherwisein such cases if either the man or the woman would not claim for divorce, exhausting difficulties,crimes, mental problems and sever worries might occurred which not only make the marital lifedifficult but also may cause catastrophic events in the society. “Talagh” (divorce) rooted from theword “talgh”( separation) which meant either a man or woman would be separated from him/herspouse. Kole divorce occurs when a woman due to her hate of her husband would bestow her bellongings to him to dissolve the marriage bond between. By studying the Quran and the tradition wecould end to the conclusion that there is no any discrimination between man and woman regardingthe divorce verdict. The woman could claim for divorce due to her aversion toward her husband. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - Woman and Political Development from the 7th Century to Pahlavi Dynasty Cease
بیتا Babai rad Sh Hatam porThe contemporary Iranian society is an in-transformation society. The significant features of the transmutting period are disorganization of society general conditions, behavioral and thought chaos. Political, cultural, social and economical structures, as parts o MoreThe contemporary Iranian society is an in-transformation society. The significant features of the transmutting period are disorganization of society general conditions, behavioral and thought chaos. Political, cultural, social and economical structures, as parts of a society, are evolving from traditional authority to rational sovereignty. Meanwhile, status of Iranian woman had undergone some quantitative changes whether by force or by obliging, but regarding the political development, in contrast to women status in western world, Iranian women political situation has not sustain an appropriate place. The reason of being in such cast away of women from political developments is rooted in old cultural, social and political believes and structures of the previous centuries. In this research, we reviewed the role of women in political streams and revolutions from 7th century to Pahlavi dynasty cease based on the historical documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
471 - The Mission of the Women Biographer Attar Alvavly
Saba BiyokzadehIn the literature, there are a few books, including works of Attar written on the essence of being a woman which have moved beyond her human status. Women have appeared in various roles in works of Attar poetry and prose. In this article, the status of women and their r MoreIn the literature, there are a few books, including works of Attar written on the essence of being a woman which have moved beyond her human status. Women have appeared in various roles in works of Attar poetry and prose. In this article, the status of women and their roles are examined through a multidimensional perspective in Tazkirat al-Awliya. In the sections on mysticism and love Rabia Basri was mentioned. In other sections, anecdotes from different parts of Tazkirat al-Awliya have been selected to grasp the ideas of this intellectual Sheik sixth century on women, interpretation of womanhood, their human status and their roles in the society. Obviously, through his favor, Attar had fully identified women superior character in the history of Iran, Islam and mysticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - A Comparative Criticism of Women's Freedom in poetry of Soad Al-Sabah and Simin Behbehani
Mohsen Saifi Ali Asdipour Sajad IsmaeliFreedom, women's rights has been an important issue in the last seventy years that was implicated more than ever in much of the literature, especially poetry of such a period. Simin Behbehani, the Iranian poet, concerned the issue of women and women's rights anywhere in MoreFreedom, women's rights has been an important issue in the last seventy years that was implicated more than ever in much of the literature, especially poetry of such a period. Simin Behbehani, the Iranian poet, concerned the issue of women and women's rights anywhere in his poems .On the other hand, Soad Al-Sabah the Kuwaiti renowned poet, was one of the vanguards of women's rights in the East of the seventies. This study intended to review the feminine expressions of Soad Al-Sabah and Simin Behbehani poems via implementing a critique comparative approach. Both the poems considered the traditional attitudes of the men, and some other social problems and constraints as obstacles of women freedom. Both the poems were so dissatisfied of in and out house division of labor and sex discrimination. They also declared the right to express love sentiment, playing training and educating roles and … as demonstrating indices of women freedom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - The Role of Woman in Creatting Balanced Family
عاطفه AllamehThe Family is one of the main pillars of the society and the place of formation of the future of a country that health and welfare of the community depends on health and dynamism of the family structure. Family is the first and the most important effective factor on beh MoreThe Family is one of the main pillars of the society and the place of formation of the future of a country that health and welfare of the community depends on health and dynamism of the family structure. Family is the first and the most important effective factor on behavior and has a considerable role in creatting and the development of individual personality. Since the physical and mental health of individual depends on healthy and balanced family. In this paper, the role of woman in creating a balanced family was investigated via two dimensions, the role of wife that is including: providing physical and mental needs, managing and contemplating family tasks, appreciating and being content, being chastity and loyalty to husband and the role of being mother that the biggest and the most important role of woman in family. The results of the studying of theoretical evidences and reasons, indicates that the woman has the main role in makingchildren ‘s personality, self-concept, attachment, basic trust andcreating a balanced family that is an environment full of peace, support, love and only place to experience the deepest human emotions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - The Woman: Manifestation of God Beauty in the Existence World
S. H. HossieniThe human being, either man or woman, is the comprehensive and perfect manifestation of the God names and attributions in the four worlds of divinity, dignity, empyrean and temporal universes but God created the woman as His absolute beauty manifestation and the man as MoreThe human being, either man or woman, is the comprehensive and perfect manifestation of the God names and attributions in the four worlds of divinity, dignity, empyrean and temporal universes but God created the woman as His absolute beauty manifestation and the man as His absolute superiority attributions . To maintain and highlight the woman position while introducing the human as the comprehensive and perfect manifestation of the God names and attributions, Islam on the contrary of other human originated schools proposed a set of law and regulations to evolve the woman as the comprehensive manifestation of the God names and most perfect rank of the whole existence world. In such a path, the woman should apply her feminine attributions, beauty and emotional sentiment in accordance to God sage that had been provided to consolidate the family and expand the mercy and friendship. The Islamic laws and regulations in concern to woman affairs had been proposed in benefit of the above mentioned aspirations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - Mourning Rituals In Epics, Emphatically By Women (Based On Shahnameh)
Saba BiyokzadeThe study of Shahnameh epic rituals mourning indicated that narrative fiction, reality and historical epic about the grief is overwhelming similarities and traditional customs still have remained in some parts of Iran country. This article introduced the mourning ritual MoreThe study of Shahnameh epic rituals mourning indicated that narrative fiction, reality and historical epic about the grief is overwhelming similarities and traditional customs still have remained in some parts of Iran country. This article introduced the mourning rituals in epics and has demonstrated the extent to which these customs were practiced by women. The study was preceded based on the Shahnameh as the main source .To review the rituals, Siavash's death was independently taken into concern. Since most of the mourning rituals were adopted and implemented as principles in all mourning events, following the Siavash's death. And even nowadays have been practiced so far. In this respect, before explaining the rules and principles of mourning, the Siavash's death ceremony was discussed, and then each and every ritual has been explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - A Study Of Barriers Which Prevent Women To Attain Senior And Middle Managerial Positions
محمد Hosseinpour بهمن Hajipour الهام HosseinianThe current research was done with the goal of recognizing the barriers which impede women not to reach senior and middle managerial positions in NISOC. The research was an applied one in goal and a survey research in nature. The statistical population of the research i MoreThe current research was done with the goal of recognizing the barriers which impede women not to reach senior and middle managerial positions in NISOC. The research was an applied one in goal and a survey research in nature. The statistical population of the research included the official staff with B.A degree and above. 141 individuals were selected through stratified random sampling, using the sample’s volume formulas. Data collection instrument was the researcher initiated questionnaire, which was validated through face and content validity by the experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated via Cronbach’s alpha. The collected data were tested and analyzed through applying factor analysis. The result of research showed that social, cultural, organizational, domestic and individual barriers effect on women not to promote toward senior and middle managerial positions in NISOC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - Analysis of the "woman" in thought of Gibran Khalil Gibran and Nima Youshij
Sakineh Sarami Garavi Hassan MajidiGibran Khalil Gibran and Nima Youshij as the most important representative of Iranian contemporary poets were concerned to women issues. To review the both poets addressing the women issue as well as their poetical motifs were the main objectives of this research. The s MoreGibran Khalil Gibran and Nima Youshij as the most important representative of Iranian contemporary poets were concerned to women issues. To review the both poets addressing the women issue as well as their poetical motifs were the main objectives of this research. The study was was purposed to demonstrate that Nima and Gibran Khalil Gibran were the contemporary poets who in their poems focused on the subject of "woman" (as mistress, wife and mother). From the perspective of Gibran Khalil Gibran, women's status were much higher that what Nima tought . The environment where Nima Youshij grew was a rural environment in which the women worked alongside with the men, so they had low social status and value. However, to Gibran Khalil Gibran, women had a better position, because Gibran Khalil Gibran lived in Lebanon and America that women possessed higher social status. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - The Role of Women Employment in Social Development
مرجان AlizadehOne of the major topics in the field of development, just and reasonable rate of utilization of human resources capabilities and talents of each society. The role of employment in the dynamics of human life is undeniable, And it can be seen as human and social communica MoreOne of the major topics in the field of development, just and reasonable rate of utilization of human resources capabilities and talents of each society. The role of employment in the dynamics of human life is undeniable, And it can be seen as human and social communication. To the dynamics of doubt, women are as half of the population, a direct impact on community development. Because the aim of every society, is to maximize social welfare And social welfare function of per capita income, fair distribution of income, improve educational facilities, health, welfare and social participation rate, economic, cultural, political men and women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - The Role of Women in Green Marketing
سهیلا ZarinjoialvarNone may assume that in addition to sale and profitability, marketing is concerned about the consumers’ sanity as well. But the intense competition dynamics, environmental concerns increment, government regulations and increasing consumer awareness made the enterp MoreNone may assume that in addition to sale and profitability, marketing is concerned about the consumers’ sanity as well. But the intense competition dynamics, environmental concerns increment, government regulations and increasing consumer awareness made the enterprises to considere the consumers’ physical and mental health and consumers’ echo system serenity too. Concepts such as green, environmental and social marketing have gradually entered into the marketing literature to undertake the enterprises’ social responsibility over time. This paper attempted to explain the social responsibility first and then to discuss its relation to green marketing. Finally the more rigorous approach to women's role in creating and maintaining green marketing was mentioned. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Women’s Gender Role Development and Family Sanity
پروین Ehteshamzadeh Due to traditional socially constructed beliefs about gender role models and its insidious impact on public attitudes and acceptations, instrumental behavior (dominant, assertive, independent, and competitive) is being associated with men while expressive behavior More Due to traditional socially constructed beliefs about gender role models and its insidious impact on public attitudes and acceptations, instrumental behavior (dominant, assertive, independent, and competitive) is being associated with men while expressive behavior (kind, nurturing, cooperative, sensitive to others’ needs) considered as femininity. Accumulated prejudice, discrimination and stereotyping caused the superior and inferior gender/ social role attributing and assigning to male and female respectively. Such sex inequalities lead to unfair behavior increasing akin to domestic violence, pushing back women from social practices, destroying their self confidence and so on. While evidences indicate role shifting to more masculine in women than men in changing their traditional role; women benefit some of the positive achievements such as relatively promoted social rights, strengthening economic empowerment, higher educations and self assertiveness increment. However the family suffering from couple’s infrequent home co-presence, home power disputes, single parent family, high risk sexual behaviors as the negative effects of the gender role development. This paper by briefly reviewing such phenomenon; suggested: obeying and comprehensive application of the Islamic original rules (jurisprudence) on gender roles, acceding traditional gender role shifting, more male spouses supporting of women, more precise balanced in-out house tasks management by women themselves; as introducing approaches to eliminate negative consequences of gender role shifting and to sustain family sanity and healthy mentality as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - A Descriptive Study On Domestic Violence And Its Relationship With The Married Women's Mental Profile
Sara Rashti Reza Pasha Farah NaderiThe aim of this research was to describe the domestic violence and its relationship with the married women's mental profile in Dezful. Data collection was conducted through random sampling. The research sample was comprised of 404 subjects. The data collecting instrumen MoreThe aim of this research was to describe the domestic violence and its relationship with the married women's mental profile in Dezful. Data collection was conducted through random sampling. The research sample was comprised of 404 subjects. The data collecting instruments included a questionnaire on domestic violence and a seventy one items MMPI inventory. To analyze the data, the Pearson correlation coefficient was employed. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the domestic violence and the eight scales of mental profiles at p-level of 0.01. Moreover, it was recognized the domestic violence had an indirect relationship with women's educational trends and family income. The finding also revealed that 75% of women underwent mild violence, 15% moderate violence and 7% experienced sever type of domestic violence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - Woman and Ideal Identity in Constitutional Revolution Literatures
علی EynalilouContrary to the Quran trainings and the Maasoumin (The Innocent Sacred, Peace upon them)Sunnah classic Iranian literature did not eligibly respect woman. In such an approach the womanwas considered as pleasing mate for man, while having no equal rights and not even to h MoreContrary to the Quran trainings and the Maasoumin (The Innocent Sacred, Peace upon them)Sunnah classic Iranian literature did not eligibly respect woman. In such an approach the womanwas considered as pleasing mate for man, while having no equal rights and not even to have a rightto protest. Such an attitude was revised in The Constitutional Revolution after ward era. The womentook actions to reestablish their legal demands and the men declined to justice. To accomplishhumanitarian status, equal position in the family and the society, the preparation of the conditionsled to education and presence in the open social life and the participation in social and political affaireswere all the Constitutional Revolution achievements for women. This paper introduced someof the Constitutional Revolution era poets pointing out to their enlightment efforts of the publicopinion to resume the women right, rights that in contradiction to Divine rules were deprived of thewomen due to disordered social institutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - Woman's Face in Sufis Poem (Sanaie, Attar and Jami)
یدالله Bahmani Motlagh علی SharbatiThe woman as a half of the human society has a special place in the new studies. Viewing the great development in attitudes to the main social elements that exist in present time, it is necessary to study the views of different classes of society about woman for knowing MoreThe woman as a half of the human society has a special place in the new studies. Viewing the great development in attitudes to the main social elements that exist in present time, it is necessary to study the views of different classes of society about woman for knowing her more generally and accurately. Sufis (mystics) for the high and positive position that they have among the various classes of society, their views has a special importance. In this essay it is tried to analyze the face of woman from the view of greets Sufis like sanaie, attar and Jami. What is understood from the first view is that they receive most of their thoughts from the high education of Quran and the prophet's tradition. In the second stage, we understand from the result of this essay that their positive and probably negative view about women is not personal and emotional. But as we see some examples of them in Quran and the speech of the greats of religion, is often reaction against negative and in appropriate individual behavior and the roles that some women have played. The criticism of in correct human behavior, not themselves, is confirmed today from the psychological view. The negative impact with inappropriate behavior and negative character of individuals is something that does not allocate to woman kind. There are many people that we had a bad memory of them in Quran like Abojahl and Abolahab. Our great mystics, according to the conditions of time and the speech position, sometimes introduce women as a model and pattern that men should learn from them the lesson of manliness, reliance and devotion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - The Relations between Spiritual Intelligence, Social Intelligence and Death Anxiety in Ahwaz WomanSeniles
Farah Naderi Kh. RoushaniThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence, social intelligence and death anxiety among woman seniles in Ahwaz .The sample included 100 subjects who were selected based on multiphase sampling. For the measurement of t MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence, social intelligence and death anxiety among woman seniles in Ahwaz .The sample included 100 subjects who were selected based on multiphase sampling. For the measurement of the variables, Integrated Spiritual Intelligence Scale (ISIS), Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS), Collet Lester Fear Of Death Scale (Cl-FODS) were used. Statistical methods included Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results indicated that there was a significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and death anxiety, but there was no significant correlation between social intelligence and death anxiety .The results of regression analysis also showed that the spiritual intelligence was the only predicting variable for death anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS AND MYSTICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE FIRST ENGLISH EPIC "BEOWULF"
Pushpa VK Beowulf is the first known English epic which preserves the history, myth, culture and some basic human values of people from the past and present, though Beowulf is often considered as the archetypal of an Anglo-Saxon literary work depicting the pagan life of th More Beowulf is the first known English epic which preserves the history, myth, culture and some basic human values of people from the past and present, though Beowulf is often considered as the archetypal of an Anglo-Saxon literary work depicting the pagan life of the Scandinavians. But a close analysis of their culture presents another perspective of history. Some epic characters even elevate themselves to mystic levels of honor and bliss. The purpose of this study was to trace and pinpoint how the Beowulf’s poet attributed ethical thoughts and motives and intervened the mystical nature of religion into the pagan life of women. The research focused its attention on the way the Beowulf poet interweaved the life of the women characters and mystical values beyond all religious restrictions and fused them into the basic structure of the epic, Beowulf. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - Historical Review of Islam Role in Women Life Styles Changing
A. R. Tohidi صادق ShafieiThese articles mainly investigated the position of women from an Islamic perspective and explained the women’s value in its practical sense and based on the real events instead of following an idealistic or imaginary approach. In this regard, based on Koranic vers MoreThese articles mainly investigated the position of women from an Islamic perspective and explained the women’s value in its practical sense and based on the real events instead of following an idealistic or imaginary approach. In this regard, based on Koranic verses and instances of prominent Muslim women the following results were attained: Holly Koran and our prophet (PBUH) have familiarized women with their rights and encouraged them to obtain their rights and such a task was exactly a responsibility from God for the prophet (PBUH). Hijab, judicial laws, moral health of women’s participation are part of divine attempts to revitalize the women’s rights which have been fulfilled by Islam and resulted in an unprecedented evolution in the position and style of women’s life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
487 - Women From the Fakhreddin Iraqi Perspective
Layla ShokuhfarIslamic mysticism had well treated women for centuries. While it was needed there were no differentiation between men and women in ritual practices such cases like "self reconstruction" and "truth seeking journey". In some cases women are considered more valuable and mo MoreIslamic mysticism had well treated women for centuries. While it was needed there were no differentiation between men and women in ritual practices such cases like "self reconstruction" and "truth seeking journey". In some cases women are considered more valuable and more transcendent. And even more rights were taken into concern for women based on"spirituality and love". Women can be one of the top mediators in the aspirations of men to their bliss and esteem of God. In Islamic mysticism there was independent stream named "flow of love" or "aesthetic mysticism ". One of the most eminent figure of the mentioned doctrine was "Fakhreddin Iraqi", the love poet and mystic in seventh AH century. He believed that the identity and authenticity and character of emotional, physical, spiritual and intellectual of "woman", made her as a source of love and affection and introduced the woman as one of the most beautiful manifestation of the divine beauty of creation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - The Relationship Between Body Shape And Management Of Cultural Capital Among Women
هابیل Heidarkhani لیلا Hajiaghaei Gh. A. RahmaniDue to the significance of the beauty and the body, especially in contemporary society, the aim of this study was to investigate various aspects of cultural capital and body management of the women in Kermanshah. The population of the study was the women of 15 to 29 yea MoreDue to the significance of the beauty and the body, especially in contemporary society, the aim of this study was to investigate various aspects of cultural capital and body management of the women in Kermanshah. The population of the study was the women of 15 to 29 years of age in Kermanshah. 320 women were selected as the sample. The current research implemented field survey techniques and researcher`s initiated questionnaire to study cultural capital and the body management. In order to answer the main question of the study the overall relationship and different aspects of cultural capital ( (behavioral manifestation ,the realized cultural capital and the internalized knowledge), economic status, age and marital status as independent variables and the body management among women as the dependent variable were examined and analyzed. Using Pearson correlation and multiple regressions the results showed that all the independent variables except the age had direct significant positive relationship with the dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - Woman Role in Life of Divine Prophets
A. A. Afrasiab pour فلور Valipour chahardah cherickOne of the universal and spiritual roles of women was the effective presence in Divine prophets. In which they played a significant valued roles in the development and promotion of monotheism and Divine religions. Not only they had role in upbringing and material protec MoreOne of the universal and spiritual roles of women was the effective presence in Divine prophets. In which they played a significant valued roles in the development and promotion of monotheism and Divine religions. Not only they had role in upbringing and material protection of these Messengers but by cleanliness and purity they provided appropriate background for appearance of these Divine blessing. In the study of prophets history from Adam (peace be upon him) to the Last prophet such an affair could be observed. Her holiness Eve, mother, sister of His Holiness Moses (peace be upon him), Assiyeh, the Faroh ‘s wife, mother of Her Holiness Saint Mary, mother of His Holiness yahya to Her Holiness Khadijeh and Her Holiness Zahra (peace be upon her) were examples of these landmark women in Divine Religions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - Consequential women (Oliympias, Tarkan khatun and Mahd e Olya)
Naemeh Motevasseli Sayed Gafar Hamidi Sayed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni In Iran, throughout the ebb and flow of its history, there were numerous women who had played a sort of crucial role not only in construction or destruction of cultural, human and political elements, but also either in development, flourishing and exp More In Iran, throughout the ebb and flow of its history, there were numerous women who had played a sort of crucial role not only in construction or destruction of cultural, human and political elements, but also either in development, flourishing and expansion or ruinating and obliteration of the country. The present paper purposed to introduce some of the effective feminine on the fate and Persian history (Oliympias, Tarkan khatun and Mahd e Olya). It also evaluated the influence and its degrees, dimensions, extents and consequences were also discussed. It was concluded that the women should be called as the main role player of the power in some of the governments. The paper also came to result that these three mentioned women had a very negative and destructive effects on the history and the people destiny of Iran. Due to such an influence they should be named consequential women, since their unfortunate thoughts involved all the Iranian. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - The Role Of Women In The Palestinian Movement
M. R. Alam سمیره Hazbavi منا Hamidi nasabMore than six decades have passed since Palestinians began their struggle against Israel and its powerful backers. Many times during this period, the world had witnessed legendary resistance initiated by the people of Palestine. The news of such resistance became the he MoreMore than six decades have passed since Palestinians began their struggle against Israel and its powerful backers. Many times during this period, the world had witnessed legendary resistance initiated by the people of Palestine. The news of such resistance became the headlines both in the region and all around the world, whilst at the same time the world opinion was overawed by the news of many tragedies befalling the Palestinians. The question that has been raised was that what were the reasons which made the resistance to last for sixty years. It is a fact that one important reason for such phenomenon to be continued in such a way and for so long has been the presence of Palestinian women in the heart of the struggling resistance. Present article was an attempt to understand and clarify the role played by Palestinian women in sustaining and continuing the resistance movement. For example we can mention of military cultural activites and establishing of the autonomous organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - The Character and Role of Woman in Shahnameh Stories
حسین Ali NaghiThe Role and share of Woman in Ferdowsi Shahnameh stories has been as a controversial issue among the experts. Some claimed misogynistic stands for the Shahnameh while others denied such an attitude. The current research purposed to review the character, role and the co MoreThe Role and share of Woman in Ferdowsi Shahnameh stories has been as a controversial issue among the experts. Some claimed misogynistic stands for the Shahnameh while others denied such an attitude. The current research purposed to review the character, role and the contribution of women in Shahnameh Stories. The character of any Shahnameh woman is peerless and unique; such as their roles that are not similar in all stories and have different weights and frequency in each part of the Shahnameh: the mythology part, the heroic-epic part and the historic part. This article, at first, discussed the general atmosphere about women in Shahnameh stories and then reviewed the various roles of women in the tales and finally, analyzed each character and function of each woman in the trend of each story and tale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - Women Political Rights Form The Islam View And International Human Rights Documents
محمد Jalali S. F. MousaviThis research was an analytic descriptive investigation that intended to explain if Islam and conlsequently Islamic Republic of Iran considered the political rights for women. And also whether ornot such an important issue was taken into consideration in human rights in MoreThis research was an analytic descriptive investigation that intended to explain if Islam and conlsequently Islamic Republic of Iran considered the political rights for women. And also whether ornot such an important issue was taken into consideration in human rights international documents?And how the women political rights in Islamic and Iranian society to be enforced into practice?Do they play any significant role in governmental and administrative professions? With referenceto jurisprudence resources, international documents and their analysis the following result wasachieved: in Islamic jurisprudence resources like Quran in verses such as “enjoin good and forbidevil”, “loyalty to Prophet Mohammad” peace upon Him and... and also in traditions and infalliblesanecdotes referred to women political rights. Also in constitutional law in some codes such as 6,13, 56 women and men participations were equally confirmed. Following this law, women canenter various administrative and governmental professions. Looking at human rights documentsshowed that these documents also supported women political rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - Social And Cultural Barriers The Most Important Factors In Rural Women's Non Participation In Productive Activities (Case Study Of Shushtar Suburb Rural Women Potatoes Farmers)
S. S. Mosavi A. R. Omani M. S. AlahyariThe main goal of this research was to study participation barriers of rural women in agricultural production activities. The type of the study was an applied research. To determine the barriers of rural women's participation descriptive and factor analysis techniques we MoreThe main goal of this research was to study participation barriers of rural women in agricultural production activities. The type of the study was an applied research. To determine the barriers of rural women's participation descriptive and factor analysis techniques were implemented as well. The Sample included 288 rural women that were selected by incidental sampling procedure( with in reach). Based on the resulted outcome the rural women, retained an average level in terms of social features (social participation and social status). More use of factor analysis techniques determined the factors affecting the non-participation of rural women in production activity. The Bartlett test value (3848.876 )and KMO test (0.09) showed that the data were suitable for factor analysis. The results also indicated that five factors generally explained the %51 of the rural women's non participation in productive activities obstacles and problems.The factors were respectively, social structure, cultural structure, economic barriers, educational barriers and agricultural lands structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - The Study of Women’s Place and Position in Islam and Christianity
مریم Bakhtiar اکرم RezaeiOne of the most important points of view about women which take durable and emphatic effect in public attitudes toward female is what religions and religious leaders argued. The pessimistic western world’s opinions about women’s rights in religions were due MoreOne of the most important points of view about women which take durable and emphatic effect in public attitudes toward female is what religions and religious leaders argued. The pessimistic western world’s opinions about women’s rights in religions were due to cathedral church instructions and their social discrimination, so they designate the both Testaments’ view as a divine religion view. In this study by referring to Holy Quran and The Bible, it has been attempted to make a correct and universal picture from their view points about women’s rights and her role in family and society. We work on this issue by answering to the questions such as: what are Holy books (Quran & Bible) opinions about women? What is the comprehensive religion in this subject? It follows that, Bible attitudes are different from Quran’s. Christian’s Holy book accords a lower place to woman in society than that given to men and called her dependant creature that is contrary to Islam view points. Furthermore, Christian beliefs about, Eve seduces Adam; cause a negative convictions toward women, that itself may be a factor for has been deprived from her human and social rights. It would be in contract with Muslims thoughts. Holy Quran that in women’s rights issue as well as the other issues has such great evolution and also perfection, which guide every reader to understands the accuracy and celestial of this book. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - The Political Participation Level Evaluation of Working Women in the Department of Education and Training in Region 2 of Ahvaz
Lena Abdolkhani Tahmineh JouharWomen, as an influential group in participation, especially political participation, play an important role in political decision-making. The present study was to evaluate the level of political participation of women (working in the Department of Education and Training MoreWomen, as an influential group in participation, especially political participation, play an important role in political decision-making. The present study was to evaluate the level of political participation of women (working in the Department of Education and Training in region 2 of Ahvaz) and the related factors. It aims were to examine these women’s attitude toward political participation, especially at decision-making and decision-creating levels. The conceptual framework of the study is Lester Milbrath’s view in the "Political Participation" book. Based on this framework, the relationship between independent variables like social class and status, employment status, age, education, residence, self-commitment to the political system, following the family's culture, sense of efficacy, perceived injustice and political awareness and the dependent variable, namely political participation was examined. The present study is a field study and is carried out by survey and analytical procedures. The population included all the teachers, educational instructors, and counselors working in elementary, secondary and high schools in region 2 of Ahvaz in the academic year 2011-2012. Based on the estimates, they outnumbered 2850; using Cochran’s formula, the sample subsumed 300 subjects. The findings of the study suggested that factors like marital status, age, education, social and economic conditions did not affect women’s political participation; however, variables like trust and commitment to the political system, religious attitudes and perceived injustice could influence the political participation of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - Relationship between Domestic Violence and Family Function Among Women
ایران Mehdizadegan M. R. Haghshenas S. H. AtashpourThe purpose of present research was to study the relationship between domestic violence and family function among Shahinshahr women. The research was a descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all women in Shahinshar town (67000), while 393 wom MoreThe purpose of present research was to study the relationship between domestic violence and family function among Shahinshahr women. The research was a descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all women in Shahinshar town (67000), while 393 women were selected via multiple step random sampling among them. In this research a set of questionnaires consisting of Family Violence and Family Assistance Device (F. A. D) were implemented. Data were analyzed with the use of Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analyses. The results of Pearson correlation coefficients showed a significant negative relationship between physical violence, emotional violence, verbal violence and sexual violence with family function (p≤ 0.01, p≤ 0.05). Moreover, results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that sexual and verbal violence could significantly predict family function (p≤ 0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - An Introduction to the Role of the Women in Literary Revolutions
فرخنده Baha-Mirian سهیلا LovamiIn this paper, the role of the women in the literary revolutions has been studied. Since many intellectual women have been mentioned and recorded in Persian literature history, only those who have created new styles and / or caused distinct literary revolutions, have be MoreIn this paper, the role of the women in the literary revolutions has been studied. Since many intellectual women have been mentioned and recorded in Persian literature history, only those who have created new styles and / or caused distinct literary revolutions, have been noted here. In view of the fact that Persian literature history has been recorded under the influence of masculine domination. Finding the works of the intellectual women in some cases is a difficult task. However, in the period of constitutionalism and thanks to constitution revolution, due to the fact that the women managed to earn their legal rights. Finding the appropriate resources has become easier. While introducing the works of the intellectual women, their literary and social prominences are being considered here as well. The main topic of this research is the poet women, because women in Iran have less experience in prose and story writing than poetry and also the number of intellectual poet women are much more than prose writing women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - The Analysis and Study of Woman’s Position in the Poetry of Lahooti, Iraj Mirza and Arefe GHazvini
سعید Hatami پروانه Safaee GhahfarokhWoman, in the poetry of pre-constitution (Mashrote) era was seen through by an amatory and sentimental view. However political, social, and cultural changes occurred in Constitution, especially thematic changes in throughout intellectual and social domains and as an exa MoreWoman, in the poetry of pre-constitution (Mashrote) era was seen through by an amatory and sentimental view. However political, social, and cultural changes occurred in Constitution, especially thematic changes in throughout intellectual and social domains and as an example in literature, brought about fundamental changes in attitudes towards subjects such as femininity in Iranian society. Some poets of the era, regardless of pure Islamic principles, relied only on their conception of outward aspect of divine law, and influenced by new and unprecedented social and cultural changes like prevalence of western attitude towards woman-that was contrary to correct religious and traditional thoughts- posed in their poems, subjects such as defending rights and liberty of women, criticizing hijab, and objecting to marriage of girls in teen ages. Following such an approach, these poets were on the edge of conflict and fight with religious teachings. Iraj Mirza, Arefe Ghazvini, and Abolghasem Lahooti were the examples of such poets. Through this study, researcher used a descriptive-analytic approach to consider the subject in poems of these three poets. Attitudes of these three poets towards women and their issues, according to the results of this research, involved in having a critical view on native culture and religious customs of society which is caused by factors such as: having almost the same intellectual source, being influenced by western one-dimensional humanistic view, and being scared off by western culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - The Study Of Women's Participation In Waste Management
Marzieh Nouroozi Jahan Abad Sima SabzalipourThe aim of this study was to determine the source separation of waste and the participation of women in Shiraz city. To collect data a questionnaire of 23 questions randomly distributed among 380 inhabitant women in the 6 and 7, Shiraz regions. Descriptive statistical w MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the source separation of waste and the participation of women in Shiraz city. To collect data a questionnaire of 23 questions randomly distributed among 380 inhabitant women in the 6 and 7, Shiraz regions. Descriptive statistical was implemented to analyze the collected data. The results showed that the rate of women's participation in 6 area (uptown urban residence) was significantly more than the 7 area (downtown urban residence). Income, education level, age, education and giving information on source separation plan, impacted the rate of women's participation in the separation and collection of waste. The awareness promotion of the source separation through education was considered as the most effective way to increase the women participation in source separation plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
501 - The Relationship between Innovative Organizational Climates, Job Engagement with Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Women Employees
Sahar Safarzadeh Farah Naderi پرویز Asgari M. S. Enayaty A. R. HeidarieiThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between innovative organizational climates, job engagement and organizational citizenship behavior in women employees in Ahwaz city. The sample of the research included 159 subjects who were selected rando MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between innovative organizational climates, job engagement and organizational citizenship behavior in women employees in Ahwaz city. The sample of the research included 159 subjects who were selected randomly via simple sampling procedure based on Morgan table. For the measurement of the variable, Cigel and Kaumer’s Innovative Organizational Climate Questionnaire, Selando and Schoufeli’s Job Engagement Questionnaire and Lee and Allen’s Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire were used. The research was correlation study, and the data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multi-variables regression. The results at the p≤0.0001 level showed that there were a significant relationship between innovative organizational climate and job engagement with organizational citizenship behavior. The regression analysis results also indicated that innovative organizational climate and job engagement were more proper predictive variables in concern with organizational citizenship behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
502 - Psychological Analysis of Jealousy in Women Based on “Dimna Klylh” and “Marzban-nameh” Stories
زینب Barzagar MaherDimna Klylh and Marzban-nameh books included the Lunar A.H 6th and 7th centuries’ stories in Iran. One of the major characters in these stories was the woman character .A variety of features, like jealousy had been attributed to her. On the other hand psychology o MoreDimna Klylh and Marzban-nameh books included the Lunar A.H 6th and 7th centuries’ stories in Iran. One of the major characters in these stories was the woman character .A variety of features, like jealousy had been attributed to her. On the other hand psychology of women, according to various aspects of the female characteristics, has been investigated jealousy in women. This article recited some of the mentioned stories from Dimna Klylh and Marzban-nameh books while analyzing the attitudes of the creators. Then by scientific and psychological stands and points of view the jealousy characteristic in women was analyzed and compared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - Martyr Motahari’s Perspective on Woman’s Social Identity
سپیده SepehriThis article reflected the intellectual foundation of the martyr master Morteza Motahari and his approach to personal and social rights of women in the society. In this paper, based on some writings, speeches and notes of the martyr master Morteza Motahari, human status MoreThis article reflected the intellectual foundation of the martyr master Morteza Motahari and his approach to personal and social rights of women in the society. In this paper, based on some writings, speeches and notes of the martyr master Morteza Motahari, human status of women, especially her social identity, was concerned. The study showed the master's perspective that uttered the woman’s human being aspect was denied in old days and recognized her as a female and on the other hand in modern era because of the importance of humanity, her "woman" facet was neglected. Due to the presence of women in society and their impact on social activities of men ; the martyr master MortezaMotahari considered the women of higher social identities and reffering to the Koran verses and Islamic hadith and doctrines on woman, regardlessof her gender, attributed high personal and social value and esteem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - Study of Women’s Role in Tobacco Protest
M. R. Alam زهرا Razavi SousanThe Tobacco protest (1309 A.H) was an Iranian people uprising led by Mirza Hassan Shiraziwhen the king, Nasir al-Din Shah granted a concession, known as Reggie Contract, to an Englishlman, Major Talbot ,for production ,sale and export of tobacco, for fifty years. The wo MoreThe Tobacco protest (1309 A.H) was an Iranian people uprising led by Mirza Hassan Shiraziwhen the king, Nasir al-Din Shah granted a concession, known as Reggie Contract, to an Englishlman, Major Talbot ,for production ,sale and export of tobacco, for fifty years. The women as halfpart of the society had an active role at that uprising. This research tried to explain the role ofwomen in the tobacco protest and reviewed its causes. It seems that the economic problems andincrease of women awareness on political and social situation was effective in participation on thatprotest. The participation and leadership of women in the movement of tobacco‚in some cases‚ thesupport of the clergy and their compliance with fatwas of ayatollahs and their armed struggle toachieve their aim , the revocation of Reggie contract was more than anything else because of theirawareness on the political and economic situation of the society. Religious motives contributedvery decisive role in the success of tobacco movement. The research was a theoretical study andthe data was gathered through written historical documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
505 - History And Structure Of Women's Clothing From The Era Of Ancient Persia To Islam
زینب Izadkhasti مریم IzadkhastiThis article was purposed to introduce the current status and evolution of women's clothing during the period of ancient Persia to Islam. The study of religious texts, including the Torah, the Bible and the civil code of the Islamic societies such as Iran and…tha MoreThis article was purposed to introduce the current status and evolution of women's clothing during the period of ancient Persia to Islam. The study of religious texts, including the Torah, the Bible and the civil code of the Islamic societies such as Iran and…that were obeyed the holly gospels and reviewing the history and quality of clothing indicated that clothing was considered as moral virtue and an ethic by the human civilizations. All the societies’ members were obligated to proposed clothing. Deviations from the proposed clothing were regarded as a challenge and a campaign against the ongoing values that was to be punished. The article concluded that the clothing has kept the basic principles which have not been changed over time except for a slight difference that depended on the culture and customs and time requirements and circumstances in each era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
506 - The stand of woman in the passage of history and a study in her rights
حسن Haydari یوسف Ebrahimi NasabThe history of humanity civilization is a scale that can wiegh the position of right in past and present. when observing the rights of humans in the passage of time, the women rights have lawmakers` mistake, the reason of their mistake in making the tyrannical law MoreThe history of humanity civilization is a scale that can wiegh the position of right in past and present. when observing the rights of humans in the passage of time, the women rights have lawmakers` mistake, the reason of their mistake in making the tyrannical law against a half of society`s body was that they did not know to need the Islam school, and it were relying upon the defeated knowledge of humanity, and make up the human blessing on the basis of their imperfect mind`s senses. Of course, there have also been some profit – makers among them whom by using the chance to achieve their dirty goals, also demodify God`s instructions and messages.“Ministquio” in the book of “the spirit of rules” says: “The Japanese courts to penalize the criminal and rule broker women, make them naked in public squares of city for looking by people, and made them walking like four – leg animals.” Searching in the humans rights in history wether men or women is not such sweet, but the fate of women has been bitter for them in along with abusing for the numbers of temporary men. What the history has seen for exploiting of women rights drive us to review the past event of humans in the field of women rights before emerging the Islam, and present in a available short article. The present writing includes a glance at the women rights in civilizations before Islam, and tries to compare the woman right with the Islamic civilization and their rights in the temporary age. Woman before than the present developed and desirable position, everywhere and everywhen except in a valued, short and small periods of time, under the Islam light, assumed as human in different types and levels, non – human element, semi – human , infant, unallowed and or with the least right. On the way, the civilized nations are also not less than primitive and uncivilized societies. What has came in details in the following lines is a glance at women position in different societies and tribes approving the claim through the history. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - The Role of Women in Judaism
Masomeh Azizi Khadem Ali Yar HoseiniThe sacred script, Torah, signifies the presence of women right after the genesis and creation of men. Jewish women are not allowed to do specific religious services such as tying Tefillin (the headband for prayers) or the Shema Yisrael prayer (emphasis on the unity of MoreThe sacred script, Torah, signifies the presence of women right after the genesis and creation of men. Jewish women are not allowed to do specific religious services such as tying Tefillin (the headband for prayers) or the Shema Yisrael prayer (emphasis on the unity of God); yet they attend other services like men. For Jews, the highest level a woman can reach is the motherhood. Being a Jew is inherited from the mother's side; however, the children are called after their fathers. In order to observe woman's post marriage rights, the man has to sign a deed named Ketubah. The man and the woman may separate if there is no agreement between them. Men conduct divorce when they give a Get (divorce document) to the woman. Divorcing an adulteress is an obligation on the other hand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - The Woman in The Poem Of Molana As Anima
Saba Biyokzadeh Hamid SamsamMolavi was the poet and mystic of the seventh century in the literature of Iran, his literary masterpiece, Masnavi is called Ajam Quran, and Shams was considered as the manifestation of the Spirit of Molana. In some parts of the book, Molana talked about the manifesting MoreMolavi was the poet and mystic of the seventh century in the literature of Iran, his literary masterpiece, Masnavi is called Ajam Quran, and Shams was considered as the manifestation of the Spirit of Molana. In some parts of the book, Molana talked about the manifesting effect of woman’s face in the form of different anecdotes. Among all the characters and women who had an effect on Masnavi or Divan, Anima, the feminine soul of men, was one of the most important principles of his thought. In the sonnets of Molavi, Anima had characteristics such as: fascinating and charms, being source of life, sanctity and mediation between conscious and unconscious mind, and it was represented by symbols of birds like: parrot and phoenix, and mysteries such as fairy, deer, Huma, water and wind, and words like idol. Anima has both positive and negative aspects, but mostly the negative aspect of it, wasn’t presented in the poems of Molana. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - Features of the Heavenly Women from the Koran Perspective
رضوان Haji Sharafi24 verses of the Quran describe the heavenly women- "Hoor Al Ain"- that to be married to the believers in heaven. Those women have the traits such as to be pure, big eyes, being youthful, and being in the same age and in love with her spouse and to be in great moral sta More24 verses of the Quran describe the heavenly women- "Hoor Al Ain"- that to be married to the believers in heaven. Those women have the traits such as to be pure, big eyes, being youthful, and being in the same age and in love with her spouse and to be in great moral status and to be better than the most worldly women. The faithful women- Moumaneh- of course due to doing good deeds are in higher stage than “Hoor Al Ain". In this paper twelve characteristics of heavenly women were mentioned and demonstrated via citing the Holly Quran verses and Islamic Hadith. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - Plotical Culture among Shia Women (Emphasis on the Role of Iran Islamic Revolution)
حامد Nazari M. R. Alam S. M. GhafoorThis study aimed to examine the political culture, the Shiite women contribution in politics and its effect on Iranian women’s political culture. The research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical approach. The underlying assumption was that, although the MoreThis study aimed to examine the political culture, the Shiite women contribution in politics and its effect on Iranian women’s political culture. The research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical approach. The underlying assumption was that, although the political culture components in Iran such as authoritarian culture has been responsible for the decline of women participation in politics, due to the influence of the Iranian Shiite women’s political culture, the women political participation in certain periods of history has increased. For example, during the Islamic revolution under the supervision of Imam Khomeini (ra) the political participation of women has reached its peak. During the revolution, the role and contribution of women in politics for the first time became equal to that of men. The revolution was a manifestation of the political participation of women in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - Reviewing the Religious Bases of Fashion Aesthetics in Dressing and Make up
Sayedeh Hasamodin Hosseini Fatemeh KhormaeiFashion in dressing and make up is one of the social issues that affected many communities especially in the current century. The extreme fashion could lead to the destruction of the traditional social texture. Tendencies to follow the model were considered as the fashi MoreFashion in dressing and make up is one of the social issues that affected many communities especially in the current century. The extreme fashion could lead to the destruction of the traditional social texture. Tendencies to follow the model were considered as the fashion reasons. The research was intended to explain the behavioral patterns of the Islamic and religious characters with respect to dressing and beautification and provide some examples in the women society. The research method was a descriptive – analytical approach and referred to written sources in addition to Quran verses and traditional interpretation written by contemporaries. Diversitism and esthetics beauty seeking were considered as fashionism correlated variables. In addition to such variables, the capitalistic widespread advertisement for consumerism also was taken as other cause for stylist fashion. Multiple medias today, targeted human natural needs especially hijab(veiling coverage) as dotty and culture and trying to expand and develop the nudity in the context of the ongoing fashion. Fashion trends tend to self glorification that the Holy Quran has mentioned it and avoid its adornment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - and Social support in Sports and Non-sports Women in Ahwaz City
Sahar SafarzadehThe research objective was the comparison of self-efficacy, domination and social support in sports and non-sports women in Ahwaz city. The sample consisted of 200 subjects (100 sports woman, 100 non-sports woman), which were selected by random. For data collecting thre MoreThe research objective was the comparison of self-efficacy, domination and social support in sports and non-sports women in Ahwaz city. The sample consisted of 200 subjects (100 sports woman, 100 non-sports woman), which were selected by random. For data collecting three questionnaires were used: self-efficacy questionnaire (GSE), Domination (F) California questionnaire and Philips Social support Questionnaire. Statistical results were significant on P value less then 0/05 (P<0/05) and showed significant difference between sports and non-sports women on self-efficacy, domination and social support. Therefore the research hypotheses were confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - Women’s Alimony in Iran, France, and Sweden Laws
حسن Heidari منیژه Hajati یوسف Ebrahimi NasabThe Purpose of this research was to compare the “couples’ financial relations” in Iran, France and Sweden law systems specially the term “alimony”. One of the problems to be referred as sex discrimination between the men and women is the mu MoreThe Purpose of this research was to compare the “couples’ financial relations” in Iran, France and Sweden law systems specially the term “alimony”. One of the problems to be referred as sex discrimination between the men and women is the mutual rights of the couples. Wife and husband through the marriage contract endured different bilateral responsibilities toward each other. Providing the family revenue in Iran is the unilateral man commitment and woman has no responsibility in this field, while in France and Sweden it is a bilateral commitment and woman has the same responsibility to provide the family expenditures as well. Some believe that most of the religious jurisprudence laws have been discriminated between man and woman and it would be necessary for Iran to join the international convention of the woman rights which seeks the equality of man and woman in all aspects. To view the different angles of the discussion, the man and woman relationships were considered on financial and non-financial aspects. The marriage was not suppose to be concerned about the loss and profit at the earlier moments but on the serious first crisis the financial counterclaim to be the most vital conflicting dispute. And if it was not managed properly it would lead to critical legal suit. In Iran laws, the principle of financial independence of the mates was the basis of couples’ financial relations and both the wife and husband are completely independent in acquiring their properties. But in the western countries laws such as France and Sweden in the properties partnership systems man is the boss of the partnership and manage the joint mates properties and in the properties absolute isolation system according to the legal assumption , he could manipulate his wife property unless the woman rejects it obviously. In this paper, the legal different systems of the above mentioned countries were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - Woman Portrait in Contemporary Iranian Literature
محمود Jafari Dahaghi نعیمه MotevasaliIn fictional literature, Sedegh Hedayat was one of the multidimensional characters. In his work,he has been considered as an anti-feminine person, because of his attitude toward women- as areflective element of fertility. But by a little contemplation on his work, and t MoreIn fictional literature, Sedegh Hedayat was one of the multidimensional characters. In his work,he has been considered as an anti-feminine person, because of his attitude toward women- as areflective element of fertility. But by a little contemplation on his work, and the social, educationaland psychological aspects of his character, one might find out that he was not an anti-feminineperson. In the present study, the unknown aspects of women in Hedayat`s works was studied,and concluded that not only was not he an anti-feminine person but also he looked at women by aparticular kindness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
515 - The Woman Role in Job – producing
سهیلا Zarinjooe Alvar احسان AbbaspourWomen, in nowadays society, play an essential and progressive role in business and trading affaires. In recent years, women have occupied private enterprises jobs as much as government –related (public sector) ones, and this has been showed an ongoing and progress MoreWomen, in nowadays society, play an essential and progressive role in business and trading affaires. In recent years, women have occupied private enterprises jobs as much as government –related (public sector) ones, and this has been showed an ongoing and progressive rate. So it is necessary to pay much more attention to the women s, aptitude, innovation, talent and also their roles to develop countries. Many governments, especially in the economic crisis, have overcome their economic difficulties by following some principals and suitable policy besides benefiting from the women roles in generating jobs to efficiently circulating the economic wheels. Nowadays, in our society, Iran, women who composed half of the population are not home – bound members like earlier times but they have been educated and gained higher levels of academic degrees and knowledge in technical affaires. They also volunteer to participate in different fields and domains. Statistics showed that women in Iran have sought greater superiority in job producing than men. In the other side because the government has many investing limitations producing job; marketing is one of the most important solutions to the jobless women and their unemployment problem in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - Offenders female and personality and cultural factors related to it
Sahar Safarzadeh The aim of the present research was to examine the relationship between personality traits and social support with job satisfaction among Ahwaz women teachers. The research sample included 200 women teachers of Ahwaz city that were selected randomly by cluster sa More The aim of the present research was to examine the relationship between personality traits and social support with job satisfaction among Ahwaz women teachers. The research sample included 200 women teachers of Ahwaz city that were selected randomly by cluster sampling method and evaluated with NEO personality traits questionnaire, Philip Social Support and Job Satisfaction Inventory (JID). The present research was correlation type. Data analysis by the using Pearson correlation method at the significance level p< 0.05 showed that there was a significant relationship between being conscience, extravertistic, agreement and social support with job satisfaction but there was not any significant relationship between nuerotism and openness with job satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - Surveying Social Status Of Women According To Veil Alteration Process In Safavid Paintings
عابد Taghavi S. M. MousaviPresent research studied women social role and status in Safavid era on the basis of veil alteration process through descriptive-historical analysis approach. This paper administrated historical sources and comparative method. The results indicated that women veil in Sa MorePresent research studied women social role and status in Safavid era on the basis of veil alteration process through descriptive-historical analysis approach. This paper administrated historical sources and comparative method. The results indicated that women veil in Safavid era was considered as a part of social class identity. It was defined according to Shah Inclination and imposed as a norm for the women in imperial court, while others social classes’ women worn veil according to their religious and ethics beliefs. They had prospered liberty in veil wearing selection compared to other women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - Investigation And Analysis Of Woman’s Visage In Ahmad Azizi’s Works
سعید Hatami فاطمه MohagheghiAhmad Azizi is considered as famous and an excellent poets after revolution era because of his special style, new language, creation of innovative contexts and compounds and rich in various social issues. One of the most important social issues propounded in Azizi&rsquo MoreAhmad Azizi is considered as famous and an excellent poets after revolution era because of his special style, new language, creation of innovative contexts and compounds and rich in various social issues. One of the most important social issues propounded in Azizi’s works was woman and its relevant problems. The aim of authors was to explain various aspects of this subject in flied of versified and prose literal works of the mentioned poet via descriptive- analytical approach. According to the results of this research, Azizi’s view toward woman was completely influenced by Islamic beliefs and instructions, Shiite culture and revolutionary values and in other hand, it included educational aspect; that is he attempted to conform social view toward woman and woman’s view toward herself with Quran trainings , Imamate’s family ( peace be upon him) tradition through recreating the woman’s visage and value in Islam worldview and anthropology and Shiite school, in art interesting aspect and poetical images and allusions. For achieving such an aim, he had used two educational instruments of modeling and creating contrast. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - Survey of women's education and training in the world's most populous countries (E9)
ایران MehdizadeganIn this article, the studies conducted by UNESCO from the comparative analysis of the nine most populous countries of the world known as E9 (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria and Pakistan) have been discussed. The increasing national ef MoreIn this article, the studies conducted by UNESCO from the comparative analysis of the nine most populous countries of the world known as E9 (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria and Pakistan) have been discussed. The increasing national efforts of these countries were carried out around a study whose official document was presented by Wolfgang Follmann, the coordinator of UNESCO. In this document, the role of women as educators in the family, school, community, and in administrative and social life was considered in educational plans and programs for growth and development. Statistical information and data showed that, except for Nigeria, the basic growth and progress in education and training of women can be seen in all regions, on the outskirts of cities and villages. Also, the studies show that the educational levels of parents, especially mothers, had a decisive role in the educational status of children, especially girls, and the encouragement and basic education and continuing education of girls. In the implementation of continuous public education in E9 countries, women and girls were mobilized to take advantage of their abilities, creativity and skills in educational plans and programs for inclusive growth and development. In general, the member countries accepted the fact that despite the outdated and inhibiting attitudes and obstacles in some areas, women should be at the center of all reform programs of the society. These countries have a set of models that can be followed for the world in the initial programs of education and training for women and girls. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - Position of Women in Economy of Sassanied Period
کریم Golshani radIn Sassanied Period Iran Economy had arrived to an advanced development t. Due to the most of the population had been farmers, so agriculture was the main sector of Iranian society economy while commerce MoreIn Sassanied Period Iran Economy had arrived to an advanced development t. Due to the most of the population had been farmers, so agriculture was the main sector of Iranian society economy while commerce , trade and different industries to grow up. Woman in that time was the“ kadbanoo” of family and she to accomplished all of the indoor home and family affairs. From law stands if in marriage contract they set condition that women could have involve in outdoor economical affairs , after the marriage the man couldn’t prevent the women to accomplish financial and outdoor economical activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - The Effectiveness Of Life Skills Training On Reducing Anxiety Of Divorced Women
عادله Zehtab Nagafi صفورا SalemiThe goal of current study was to investigate the efficacy of life skills training on reducing anxiety of divorced women .the sample included 40 divorced women that referred to Tehran Health Home. The subjects were allocated randomly in to experimental and co MoreThe goal of current study was to investigate the efficacy of life skills training on reducing anxiety of divorced women .the sample included 40 divorced women that referred to Tehran Health Home. The subjects were allocated randomly in to experimental and control groups. Only the experimental group received life skills training weekly for seven sessions. The instruments that were applied in this study was Beck Depression Inventory that were performed on the experimental and control group in two pre- test and post- test stages. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) statistic method. The results indicated that life skills training caused significant reduction in anxiety scores in experimental group rather than control group (p</001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
522 - Red pen about Women
Sayedeh Saeedeh SanjariSince long ago, there was a thick wall to separate the women`s personality and position in poetry. It is noteworthy to know that in the ancient culture of our territory, there was another firm custom in women` quotation, except imagery, which was the poet`s pen. The tre MoreSince long ago, there was a thick wall to separate the women`s personality and position in poetry. It is noteworthy to know that in the ancient culture of our territory, there was another firm custom in women` quotation, except imagery, which was the poet`s pen. The tremendous part of our country`s literature included poetical works. The title of this article is too general and there are many related topics about it. According to poets` opinion, there always seems a kind of duality in this matter; that is contradiction between good and bad. This way of thinking is the cornerstone and the foundation of the religious thought that keeps the poets minds busy. To the extent that in some poetical works of great poets like Ferdowsi, splendor and braveness of women like Gordafarid was portrayed, but on the other hand, some exaggerated role of dishonoring against women had been propounded. The excessive view of some poets toward women has been considered in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - Women from Jami Point Of View Via a look to leily va Majnoun
مهسا Hajsardar A. A. Afrasiab pour فریدون TahmasbiReviewing the woman poison in Iranian literature would be possible by reading prominent poetryand prose works. One of the salient works that most concerned about woman was Jami Haft OrangMasnavi and love story of it , Liely va Mjnoun. In the mentioned love story Leily a MoreReviewing the woman poison in Iranian literature would be possible by reading prominent poetryand prose works. One of the salient works that most concerned about woman was Jami Haft OrangMasnavi and love story of it , Liely va Mjnoun. In the mentioned love story Leily as woman was abeloved sweetheart that possessed features alike beauty, wisdom, self esteem, fidelity, tenderness,delightfulness and so on. Jami narration of woman differed from Nezami, Maktabi and Dehlaviones regarding his positive look toward woman. The word woman was more frequent in his workscomparing to the word man. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
524 - A Survey on Effective Socio-Economical Factors On Women’s Performance in Protecting the Environment
محسن Najafian روح انگیز NamdariThis study sought s to probe how Iranian women’s statuses in economic and social spheres affect their environmental protection state. The statistical population was 198 women who were studying at Abadan Islamic Azad University for academic year of 1388-89.The samp MoreThis study sought s to probe how Iranian women’s statuses in economic and social spheres affect their environmental protection state. The statistical population was 198 women who were studying at Abadan Islamic Azad University for academic year of 1388-89.The sample was selected randomly by multi stage cluster sampling. The research followed descriptive correlation method. The results revealed that socio-economical factors affected the women’s performance in protecting their environment while the study showed that social factors had more impact than economical factors concerning environment protecting by women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - TThe Relationship Between Mental Disorders, Job Satisfaction with Marriage Satisfaction in Gachsaran Oil Industry Married Women Employees
زهره Mansori مهناز Mehrabizadeh HonarmandThis research intended to study the relationship between mental disorder, job satisfaction with personnel marriage satisfaction. The sample included 150 women employees who were selected MoreThis research intended to study the relationship between mental disorder, job satisfaction with personnel marriage satisfaction. The sample included 150 women employees who were selected based on clustering random sampling. The tests of this research included : Enrich Marriage Satisfaction Questionnaire , Symptom Checklist 90–Revised ( SCL 90–R ) and Job Satisfaction Scale. Statistical methods included Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Data analysis indicated that there were significant relationship between mental health and marriage satisfaction (P<0.0001). There was a significant positive relationship between job satisfaction and marriage satisfaction (P<0.0001). There were also significant multi correlations between mental health، job satisfaction and marriage satisfaction(P<0.0001) . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
526 - The Position Of Life In Pejman Bakhtiary Poetry
مریم السادات Asadi FiroozabadiThe purpose of this study was to review the role of woman as mother and wife in Pejman Bakhtiary poetry. His recommendations are mostly ethics and moral those have applied aspects. They are often corresponded with Islam religious standards and are confirmed by education MoreThe purpose of this study was to review the role of woman as mother and wife in Pejman Bakhtiary poetry. His recommendations are mostly ethics and moral those have applied aspects. They are often corresponded with Islam religious standards and are confirmed by educational, psychology sciences and family experts. He addressed the woman and asked them to have characteristics like shame, affability, and compassion and to treat their husbands well and make their common lives sweat. He also called the women to try to upbringing their offspring with spiritual, emotional and moral features. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
527 - Woman and Hazrat Zahra (SA) Position from Sanaee Ghaznavi Viewpoint
A. A. AfrasyabpourSome consider "Sanaee” as women antagonistic, while such a great mystic, based on mystical (Sufism) principles believed in no difference between man and woman regarding the spirituals ranks. In Islamic mysticism women always were the resource of love who could rea MoreSome consider "Sanaee” as women antagonistic, while such a great mystic, based on mystical (Sufism) principles believed in no difference between man and woman regarding the spirituals ranks. In Islamic mysticism women always were the resource of love who could reach the highest level of mystical ranks. In Sanaee works two types of recitations about women could be observed; one with the positive viewpoint which attributed senior conduct and wisdom to them, the other with negative viewpoint that woman gender has not been regarded. Since at "Sanaee” era women were considered as life luxuries, so he either took some negative positions toward polygyny women or might benefited prevalent allegories to communicate with the public. By studying his approach toward Hazrat Zahra (SA) and Shiite we could attaine the woman superior rank in his opinion Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - Fatima Akins in Iran
نعیمه MotevaseliIn the contemporary era, one of the outstanding thoughts which have never faded away belongs to Dr. Ali Shariati, the thoughtful and martyr teacher. This great Iranian thinker looked at the surrounding world with truly unbiased sight and was always looking for a better MoreIn the contemporary era, one of the outstanding thoughts which have never faded away belongs to Dr. Ali Shariati, the thoughtful and martyr teacher. This great Iranian thinker looked at the surrounding world with truly unbiased sight and was always looking for a better Iran and more qualified Iranian Muslim women. One of his dynamic constituent thoughts was to investigate the Iranian Muslim women issues. This martyr teacher tried to show the real face of a Muslim woman based on the realistic face of Fatimah-al-zahra (peace be upon her) and to show the real position of Iranian woman. In the current paper, by investigating Shariati´ s thoughts, the real face of a Muslim woman was shown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
529 - Demographics Characteristic Of Self-Inflicted Womans
ایمان Farajolah ChabiSelf-immolation is the beginning of a misfortune for a woman, family and the society. Becausea woman who immolates her self, if survives, should spend much time for remedy and may comeacross with an apparent anomaly for ever. This study was aimed to evaluate the demogra MoreSelf-immolation is the beginning of a misfortune for a woman, family and the society. Becausea woman who immolates her self, if survives, should spend much time for remedy and may comeacross with an apparent anomaly for ever. This study was aimed to evaluate the demographicscharacteristic of self-immolated women. Since public information and studies in such cases, undoubtedly,are very effective in reducing self-infliction in women, in this regard, in addition to theprevious studies, a questionnaire was prepared by the researchers, given to 100 self –immolatedwomen hospitalized in Ahwaz Taleghani hospital; these women were interviewed as well. Resultsshowed that literacy and educational levels, suitable job, culture and economical conditions ,riskof factors related to marital status, age ,and mental and personality disorders are important factorsin self-immolation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - Comparison of Hardiness Personality Trait in Athlete, Non-Athlete Disabled and Healthy Athlete Women
سمانه Rezaee Farahabadi Gh. R. Manshaei مونا SarsharThe purpose of this study was to compare the hardiness personality trait and its three components (commitment, control and challenge) in disabled athlete, disabled non-athlete and healthy athlete women. The research compared a sample included 25 women who were the membe MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the hardiness personality trait and its three components (commitment, control and challenge) in disabled athlete, disabled non-athlete and healthy athlete women. The research compared a sample included 25 women who were the members of disabled national team with 25 disabled non-athlete and 25 healthy athlete women with respect to Kobasa Hardiness Inventory. According to demographic data, 25 disabled non-athletes and 25 healthy athletes were matched with 25 disabled athlete women. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between hardiness and its three components. Dunett Test also showed that the mean of hardiness and its three components in the healthy athlete and disabled athlete women were equal but disabled non-athlete women acquired less mean score compared to healthy athlete and disabled athlete women. Conclusion: sporting can increase hardiness personality trait in disabled athlete women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - A Glance To Iranian And Greek Mythical Epic Women
مریم Bekhnaveh سهیلا Zarinjoi alvarEven though women play significant role on affairs, but due to unilateral role and effect presumed and assigned by the myths and epics approach to men on the events; it is necessary to deeply look on the issue. The woman has particular position in the myth and whom to b MoreEven though women play significant role on affairs, but due to unilateral role and effect presumed and assigned by the myths and epics approach to men on the events; it is necessary to deeply look on the issue. The woman has particular position in the myth and whom to be admired and prayed as goddess in many cases. Obedience of such women was an obligatory; where in some occasions caused significant and influential event on the rules and nations. The paper reviewed the role of woman in myths and epics and Iranian and Greek mythical and epic women were compared. While the influence of woman in myths was studied it was concluded that the woman in Iranian epics in contrary to the assessment done in the western epics were highly esteemed and was faithful to the ethno-nobility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - The Women and the Political Participation
M. R. Alam منا Hamidinasab سمیره HazbaviPolitical participation or lack of it has been investigated by many researchers as an index of the Iranian society political development in different levels. The women had a crucial contribution from the Constitutional Revolution to the Islamic Revolution in Iran and pl MorePolitical participation or lack of it has been investigated by many researchers as an index of the Iranian society political development in different levels. The women had a crucial contribution from the Constitutional Revolution to the Islamic Revolution in Iran and played significant political roles in historical social-political development trends. The Iranian women during the aforementioned revolutions in spite of the emerged restrictions due to the social institutions, the traditions, culture and… gained a very high position in consolidating the political participation constituent respecting the historical development. To influence the political destiny of the Iranian society they played their social political roles in different ways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - The Role Of Women In Social Political Movements In Middle East 2010 (Republic of Yemen)
Samireh Hazbave Mohammad Reza AlamThe international community in 2011 witnessed a set of popular uprisings in the Middle East region .In these developments, the world faced the presence of women in the public arena. One of the countries where women played an important and determining role in furthering MoreThe international community in 2011 witnessed a set of popular uprisings in the Middle East region .In these developments, the world faced the presence of women in the public arena. One of the countries where women played an important and determining role in furthering the uprising was "Republic of Yemen". The presence of women in such development was so significant, that some of the violent uprising media analysis called the rebels as "Bloody Friday", "Day of Rage" or "Day of Fate". In this context, the main analytical approach of the current research paper was a descriptive; that investigated the role of women in the Middle East recent movement by relying on Yemen. Research findings showed that concerning the domination of the dictatorship prior to the recent developments in Yemen and the poverty of the country compared to other countries in the region, the women, along with the men by taking part in different ways, either directly or indirectly exposed their participation in 2010 social political developments to the international community This was an example of promoting social and political participation of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
534 - Manifestation Of Love And Faith On Shantal, Female Personage Of Pleasure Novel By Georges Bernanos
ام کلثوم Moshtaghian مجید YousefibehzadiGeorges Bernanos the twentieth century's catholic writer, in his works gave the significant role to the women. Meantime, spiritual contents that were his theme of writing was his proceeding for human identity, encounter of divine and devilish forces and emerging issue o MoreGeorges Bernanos the twentieth century's catholic writer, in his works gave the significant role to the women. Meantime, spiritual contents that were his theme of writing was his proceeding for human identity, encounter of divine and devilish forces and emerging issue of this tow reality. As we go further in his works, we observed transforming different character so that at most of Bernanos novels at the end of the story we see death twin with peace for sinner that glow of light of faith and interest of love of spiritual character as Shantal. In this article, we survey the role of Shantal, heroine of Pleasure novel and scrutinize her influence on other character of story. The pivot of present discussion was spiritual quest and entirely glory life of this young girl under love and faith and guiding sinner to direction of lefty place. In conflict between light and darkness, woman was dynamic and stimulation of story in which became mediator for emerging of spiritual relation among different character. This woman with motive of achievement to climax of spirituality has marked difference with other female character at Bernanos works. Bernanos special attention to different situation and elegant manner of heroine indicated author’s recognition of spiritual life intricacy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
535 - Woman Manifestation in Ebne Arabi's Thoughts
A. R. Anaghe سمیه SabzevariVarious opinions about creation, role and status of woman in the world have been presented. Discussion on woman character and superiority or equality of the masculine and the femininity is as long as man history.All heavenly religions and humanoid schools have been sent MoreVarious opinions about creation, role and status of woman in the world have been presented. Discussion on woman character and superiority or equality of the masculine and the femininity is as long as man history.All heavenly religions and humanoid schools have been sentsetive about woman and have taken a position, but it is important that who and which views in this regard met the reality. We can say courageously that Ibn Arabi's idea about woman in theosophy viewpoint has been one of the most widespread and most internal ideas. The purpose of this article was recognition of woman's existing value and her special place in famous patriarch; Mohi al din Ibn Arabi's toughts, who was one of the famous man in theosophy in 7th century. In fact this article tried to have suitable answer to some questions about woman's place. These questions were: does a woman gain perfection steps like a man? Or does a woman demeanor in theosophy as a man? Answers based on of Arabi's toughts were investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
536 - Cultural Investigation Of Ancient Texts About Naming Women
Sayedeh Saeedeh Sanjari Mehdi KargarThe aim of this research was to investigate people`s cultural and credential beliefs from the religions` history of pre-Islam period in naming women. In the recent research the data were gathered from ancient books of Iran, Avesta and Pahlavi Persian. The old texts from MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate people`s cultural and credential beliefs from the religions` history of pre-Islam period in naming women. In the recent research the data were gathered from ancient books of Iran, Avesta and Pahlavi Persian. The old texts from ancient times of Iran show Iranians` beliefs, creeds, and cultural, social, and historical indices of pre-Islam period. These ancient beliefs and creeds show a part of people`s attitudes to name women using some materialistic symbols like sky, sun, and stars, and from spiritual view, it shows their belief to Gods and to the ancient Goddesses. Some of the Gods are ancient ones. It means that they were worshiped before Zoroaster, and due to being benefited from the divinity and the link with the divine religions, they had the spiritual and legendry reflection in the culture of the society. The results of data analysis on the basis of the ancient texts, showed the significant relationship between theological- religious beliefs and historical- cultural creeds and also social acceptance to name women. There was also luckiness and holiness of religious beliefs among all the cultural information that had the most powerful effect on naming girls in the past times of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
537 - Mythical Feminine Concepts In The Poems Of Tahereh Saffarzadeh
نسرین Gobanchi عیسی DarabpourPoem is one of the widest areas of myths presence and feminine symbols. In contemporary literature, Tahereh Saffarzadeh in her approach to freedom conceptualized the existence of woman to enrich her poems. She considered the woman as a symbol of fertility and nurturing MorePoem is one of the widest areas of myths presence and feminine symbols. In contemporary literature, Tahereh Saffarzadeh in her approach to freedom conceptualized the existence of woman to enrich her poems. She considered the woman as a symbol of fertility and nurturing human beings. For this reason, in most of her poems, mythical and god-like dimension has been attributed to woman. In this research, the concepts of woman creation, femininity, love, woman emotions and saffarzadeh's feministic language were investigated. Eternity and development of mythic existence of woman underneath of Gods like "greater mother" and "Anahita" have been represented. Moreover, womanish symbols of nature like earth, sun, moon and woman’s holiness issue (Instance mother) in the face of ideal mother and horrid mother were investigated. However the effect of mother goddess of the greater mother, Anahita, mother-earth and the archetype of good mother in Saffarzadeh's poems are more obvious than other mythic and womanish concepts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
538 - Legal Status Of Woman In The Holy Qur'an
A. R. AttashThis article is about the status of woman in the Holy Qur'an and eradicating the healthy relationshipsbetween men and women. So the subjects of psychology, sociology, law and religion havebeen used in this study. Also, descriptive method and analysis of the verses have MoreThis article is about the status of woman in the Holy Qur'an and eradicating the healthy relationshipsbetween men and women. So the subjects of psychology, sociology, law and religion havebeen used in this study. Also, descriptive method and analysis of the verses have been used and theHoly Qur'an is the main source of the study. Thus, in this article the weakened status of women inhuman society are discussed in general and in Islamic society in particular. Then the reasons of thisweakness investigated by the Holy Qur'an and Sunnite of Ahle Beit (peace be upon them). Theresearcher has referred to the strategies by using the religion and based on this, the article answeredthe basic questions in the introduction. But primarily, we say that the reasons of weakened statusof women in society is the thoughts and views that people had in a specific period of time whenmen had the responsibility of all the works and with iron hands faced with women. Based on this,in the era of science revolution and the small global village, we can see such relations. Since Islamis the last religion and Islam prophet is the last one that has the responsibility of the bliss in thisand next world, it is the duty of religion to eradicate such a wrong social distance between men andwomen. Thus, we are required to refer to the Islamic sources- the Holy Qur'an and Ahle Beit- andsolve social problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
539 - Globalization and Social Capabilities of Muslim Women
Hamideh Salehian Lena AbdolkhaniToday, the necessity of studying the status of Muslim women in the process of globalization and international developments with the aim of adjusting and improving their status is a considerable issue. Research in the field of Muslim women related issues by taking their MoreToday, the necessity of studying the status of Muslim women in the process of globalization and international developments with the aim of adjusting and improving their status is a considerable issue. Research in the field of Muslim women related issues by taking their demands into account in various stages of social and cultural planning and decision making increased its importance. The social, economic, political, and cultural factors that govern communities, as well as global experiences of globalization, faced Muslim women with different opportunities and threats. This research, on the one hand, studied the positive and negative effects of globalization for women. On the other hand, it reflected social movements and attempts made to achieve strategic demands that ensure the elimination of discrimination and inequality in different areas of life and the provision of a suitable and befitting environment for Muslim women in developing their productive and creative capabilities, regarding existing challenges. It is, thus, necessary to take appropriate measures in favor of promoting the status of women by decision-making bodies, intellectuals, and cultural policy-makers and, most of all, Muslim women themselves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
540 - Women Fidelity in Conjugal Life
اکبر MohammadianIslamic point of view has always been based on respect and consecrate regarding woman and the family. By profoundly reviewing the holly recorded narration it could be concluded that Islam has constantly attributed special feature for woman. Matrimony is an emotional, so MoreIslamic point of view has always been based on respect and consecrate regarding woman and the family. By profoundly reviewing the holly recorded narration it could be concluded that Islam has constantly attributed special feature for woman. Matrimony is an emotional, social and legal institution that is followed by couplings. One of the permanency components in the marriage has always been the fidelity that the holly recorded narration and verses connoted the necessity to fulfillment of a promise and of being faithful to affective interrelationship in marriage contract have been considered as the most significant sources for the fidelity essentiality. To be good companion, confidentiality and considering legal necessities such as alimony, respecting love and kindness are very effective to deepening and developing the fidelity. Doubtlessly the fidelity is the context for developing confidence in couple’s relationships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - Assessment of Ahwaz Women Opinions about the Methods for Persuading People Participation in Solid Wastes Project
سیما Sabz alipour یاسمین Sobhani زینب KazemiRecycle is a method for decreasing solid wastes and can reduce the solid waste disposal costs and save energy. One of the effective factors for gaining success in this program is people awareness especially women, about the methods for persuading people participation in MoreRecycle is a method for decreasing solid wastes and can reduce the solid waste disposal costs and save energy. One of the effective factors for gaining success in this program is people awareness especially women, about the methods for persuading people participation in solid waste recycle project. The purpose of this study was to survey Ahvaz’s women opinions about this issue. This cross sectional study was done on 160 Ahwaz inhabitant women in 2010. The data were collected via interview and by structured questionnaires. 85% of women were Khouzestanian. 52% of them had university education and 31% of them were older than 40 years, 60% of them were housewives.38% were informed by TV, 14% by newspaper, 7% by family and relatives and 4%were informed by municipality.39% of participants believed that giving solid wastes bags to people and 33% giving award to people were the best methods for persuading people to take part. Regarding the majority opinions, which were giving solid waste bags and awarding people, these two methods can successfully be considered for persuading people to participate in the recycle project. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
542 - EMG Biofeedback Treatment Efficacy In Reducing Pain In Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea
Zahra Emarloo Fatemeh HajiarbabiDysmenorrhea or painful periods is one of the problems of women in childbearing age which has negative effects on their individual and social health. It is one of the most important reasons for going to doctor and generally affects the quality of life in childbearing ag MoreDysmenorrhea or painful periods is one of the problems of women in childbearing age which has negative effects on their individual and social health. It is one of the most important reasons for going to doctor and generally affects the quality of life in childbearing age. The goal of this research was to study the effectiveness of EMG biofeedback in curing primary Dysmenorrhea. This research was a quasi-experimental design. Statistical population of this study was all of the patients who had experienced the primary Dysmenorrhea and had been visited in Hakim and Qamar Bani Hashem hospitals in Neyshabour in spring 1394. The sampling method was convenience one. The samples were selected by Verbal Multi Dimension Scale (VMDS). The patients in 6 sessions and in the first three days of the period time were cured by EMG biofeedback and were trained progressive relaxation. In this study, the data were collected by Biofeedback device output and West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI) implementation. Data was analyzed by ANCOVA method. The results showed reducing of pain in patients with primary Dysmenorrhea (p-value <0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
543 - Role of Economic Growth in Women's Participation for Selected Asian Countries
فاطمه Zandi مرجان Damankeshideh نیلوفر MoradhasselToday, due to the economic development and mechanization of production, physical or bodily capacities would not contribute to the development of countries. On the contrary, in many societies women have played a major role in the magnificent growth of economies of their MoreToday, due to the economic development and mechanization of production, physical or bodily capacities would not contribute to the development of countries. On the contrary, in many societies women have played a major role in the magnificent growth of economies of their countries, so that from a modern point of view, and for many of the new economics, it is not the sexuality but participation of individuals-disregarding sexuality factor- that determines the merits of women and men. During recent decades the study of the effects of economic and non- economic variables on women activities, has been the agenda of researchers, from which we can point up the effect of economic growth on women’s activities. This was carried out for the first time in 1981 by War. The main point here is that fundamentally, in the early stages of economic growth, the relation between women activities and the economic growth has been negative, but the relation becomes positive for later stages of economic growth. This study tried to test the effect of economic growth on the index of women's participation for selected Asian countries which have different income groups (including Iran). This would be done using the method of Panel data. It was shown that the improvement of two indices: life expectancy and literacy for women would increase the rate of women’s participation. The results showed that there was a U-form relation between women's participation and economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
544 - Israelis and the Humiliation of women
Fatemeh Moamayezi Ali BahadoriPublic opinions on woman and her social and humanistic status were based on the ancient century's subjectivities that lasted to the following eras and to nowadays. Religious documents, ideological and ritual beliefs in terms of creation, position, inherent reliability a MorePublic opinions on woman and her social and humanistic status were based on the ancient century's subjectivities that lasted to the following eras and to nowadays. Religious documents, ideological and ritual beliefs in terms of creation, position, inherent reliability and capabilities have been under evaluated the women comparing to men. The major factor affecting the development and spread of such an attitude has been an approach that was created by religious beliefs .But such an attitude in contrary to the Islamic literature and the Holy Qur'an and prophet behaviors was created and obtained based on other religions and citations .That approaches which had disgraced and humiliated the women was interpreted as the "Israelis".Such literature as the "Israelis" influenced a lot of scholars, Gnostics and interpreters in Iran and Islamic world. This study was intended to demonstrate such a phenomenon by utilizing the genuine resources of the area; and implementing inductive method over historical context. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
545 - Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on tolerance of uncertainty of divorced women referring to welfare
sajjad almardani Masoumeh Azemoudeh reza Abdi Seyed davoud Hoseini Nasab Introduction: Divorce is one of the stressful experiences of the family that can lead to conflict and incompatibility between couples. The purpose of this research was to Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on tolera More Introduction: Divorce is one of the stressful experiences of the family that can lead to conflict and incompatibility between couples. The purpose of this research was to Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on tolerance of uncertainty of divorced women referring to welfare. Methods: The method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consists of all the women who referred to the welfare of Tabriz city in the second half of 1402-1401, of which 60 people were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group) by random sampling. The pre-test and post-test were conducted after the treatment interventions based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy. McLean's tolerance of uncertainty questionnaire (1993) was used to collect data and multivariate analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the hypotheses. Results: The results showed that both interventions were effective on the tolerance of uncertainty variable (p<0.05). According to the results of the present study, there was a difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy in the dependent variable, and the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy was more than schema therapy. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment plays a role in increasing the tolerance of uncertainty and improving the condition of divorced women.Extended AbstractIntroductionDivorced women are among the most vulnerable groups in society, who face mental, psychological, social, economic and cultural difficulties and disabilities. Divorce is the most common manifestation of severe conflict, and more than half of the couples who seek counseling end up getting divorced. According to official statistics in Iran, out of every 1000 marriages, about 200 cases lead to divorce. According to the statistics of the Civil Registration Organization of the country in 2019, the growth rate of divorce in Iran was about 3.6% compared to 2018. Therefore, divorce is the most important threat to the foundation of the family, and it is very important to pay attention to issues related to divorce and women who suffer from it. It is clear that divorce is one of the factors that cause disruption and confusion in people's lives. The decision to divorce is the result of intense internal pressure (such as ambiguity tolerance) on at least one spouse, which may occur through unmet needs. Divorce occurs when couples fail to meet the attachment needs of security, safety, and satisfaction of each other, that is, the ambiguity and confusion of marital relations represents the failure of couples to establish a relationship with a secure attachment style. In this regard, one of the variables that is important in divorced people is tolerance of ambiguity. Ambiguity tolerance is defined as how people process, interpret and react to information from stimuli that are considered ambiguous. A person who has a high tolerance for ambiguity does not feel threatened or difficult in adapting to a new and fresh environment, because he has accepted the existence of a degree of ambiguity as one of the principlesof life and knows that our information is never complete for decision-making, and with patience and Boredom can recognize the ambiguous situation and find a solution, and divorced women probably feel more ambiguity and have less tolerance for ambiguity due to psychological disturbances. Also, most divorced women feel uncertainty and uncertainty about their future life and feel weak in the face of problems. This research uses treatment based on commitment and acceptance and schema therapy. Considering the importance of the ambiguity tolerance component in divorced women and considering that the psychological damage caused by divorce in women occurs chronically; This raises the need for psychological interventions. According to the above researches, the present study wants to answer the question that among the methods of treatment based on acceptance and commitment (ACT) and schema therapy, which one is more effective in tolerating the ambiguity of divorced women who refer to welfare?MethodologyThe method of this research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consists of all the women who referred to the welfare of Tabriz city in the second half of 1402-1401, of which 60 people were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group) by random sampling. (Matched by gender, age range and educational and economic conditions). The pre-test and post-test were conducted after the treatment interventions based on acceptance and commitment and schema therapy. McLean's tolerance of uncertainty questionnaire (1993) was used to collect data and multivariate analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the hypotheses.ResultsThe number of 20 people in the intervention group of acceptance and commitment therapy and 20 people in the intervention group of schema therapy and 20 control people with mean (standard deviation) age of 28.87 (2.71) and 29.24 (2.93) respectively. and 31/63 (3/32) participated in this research. The default check of homogeneity of variances is established to tolerance of uncertainty (F=0.420, P=0.659). The Mbox test value was equal to 2.71, the corresponding significance level was equal to 0.51, and the assumption of homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices was established (p<0.001). Table 1: Mean and standard deviation of tolerance of uncertainty by group and timeTable 1 showed that the average tolerance of uncertainty in the acceptance and commitment group was 22.85 in the pre-test, which increased to 47.50 in the post-test. In the schema therapy group, the average score in the pre-test was 28.95, which increased to 42.90 in the post-test. In the control group, the average in the pre-test was 24.25, which increased to 26.55 in the post-test.Table 2: The results of the analysis of covariance in order to compare the effectiveness of the two interventions of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on the scale of tolerance of uncertaintyThe results of Table 2 showed that there was a significant difference in the effectiveness of the two intervention methods of acceptance and commitment and schema therapy on tolerance of uncertainty (p<0.05). The significance level of the analysis of covariance test showed the difference in the effectiveness of the two intervention methods on tolerance of uncertainty.Table 3: Comparison of the adjusted means of the tolerance of uncertainty scale in the groups with the LSD testThe results showed that the adjusted average of tolerance of uncertainty in the acceptance and commitment group was 48.24 and in the schema therapy group it was 42.15, and the average of the acceptance and commitment group was 6.09 points higher than the schema therapy group and this difference was statistically significant and showed that the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment intervention on tolerance of uncertainty was greater than the schema therapy intervention (p<0.05). DiscussionExamining the findings of the research showed that there is a difference between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and schema therapy on the tolerance of uncertainty of divorced women referring to welfare, and the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy was more than schema therapy. The findings of the present study are consistent with previous studies (Aghili, kashiri, 2022).ConclusionThe results of the present study show that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment plays a role in increasing the tolerance of uncertainty and improving the condition of divorced women and can have implications for social support for these people.Finally, non-implementation of follow-up due to time constraints, small number of samples and targeted sampling method were among the limitations of the present study. It is suggested that in order to increase the generalizability of the findings, similar researches should be conducted considering long-term follow-up periods, with a larger number of samples and using possible sampling. According to the findings, it is suggested that therapeutic intervention based on acceptance and commitment be used as a beneficial intervention to improve and increase tolerance of uncertainty of divorced women in welfare and treatment centers. AcknowledgmentsWe hereby express our thanks and appreciation to the honorable directorate of Tabriz welfare admission, and all those who helped us in this research. FundingThe present research is taken from the doctoral thesis of the second author "Sajjad Alamardani Someeh" and without financial support.Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"This article is extracted from the specialized doctoral thesis of the first author in Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran" and has the code of ethics IR.IAU.TABRIZ.REC.1401.307 from the Ethics Committee of Tabriz Islamic Azad University Medical Sciences Branch. Conflict of interestsThe authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in this article. RefferencesAbu-Ras, R., & Itzhaki-Braun, Y. (2023). The complex role of the community in the determination of well-being and hope among divorced Muslim women. Journal of Community Psychology, 32(5), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.23037Abbasi, M. and Omidvar, p. (2021). Statistical Yearbook of June 1401. Tehran: Publications of the Civil Registration Organization of the country. https://www.sabteahval.ir/homeAghili M, kashiri S. 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The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy on Psychological Flexibility and Quality of Life of Divorced Women. MEJDS; 11 :208-208. URL: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-2737-en.html Manuscript profile -
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546 - Model of women's care roles in the family system based on the personality of Holy Fatemeh
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548 - Predicting marital conflicts based on emotion regulation strategies with the mediation of health locus of control in women
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549 - The effect of behavioral activation therapy on learned helplessness and psychological toughness in depressed women
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550 - Predicting marital adjustment based on Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and couples communication patterns in culturally employed women in Khomein city
mina Dori hassan heidariIntroduction: The purpose of the present study was to predict marital adjustment based on Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism, and couples' communication patterns in culturally working women of Khomein city. Method: The method of descriptive-correlation research was of pre MoreIntroduction: The purpose of the present study was to predict marital adjustment based on Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism, and couples' communication patterns in culturally working women of Khomein city. Method: The method of descriptive-correlation research was of predictive type. The statistical population of the research included all the married women working in the field of culture in Khomein city in 2021-2022 in the number of 473 people, using the Cochran formula, 212 people were selected by available sampling method. 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They predict marriage. Conclusion: From these findings, it can be concluded that working married women who choose the Islamic lifestyle and use constructive patterns of communication in their marital relationships will achieve a higher degree of adjustment in their marital life. Extended AbstractIntroductionMany factors can affect the success or failure of married life (Birditt et al., 2022). One of these things that has a great impact on the continuation of a successful marriage is marital adjustment (Gopal & Valarmathi, 2020). Marital adjustment is an evolutionary process in the relationship between husband and wife, which refers to a state of adjustment in various aspects of couples that may have conflict (Montajabian & Rezaidehnavi, 2021).It seems that having a lifestyle that is based on religious teachings can be the role of a coping strategy against life crises. The Islamic lifestyle is based on Islamic teachings, which covers the scope of knowing the emotions, intentions and behavior of a person during his life, from the material to the spiritual world, for his needs in this world and the hereafter in all dimensions (Fallahchai et al, 2021) and the religion of Islam and following According to verse 3 of Surah Ma'idah, that Islamic lifestyle is the most perfect religion and lifestyle for the happiness of both worlds and plays a decisive role in marital adjustment. Because the framework of this style is based on ethics, which is the philosophy of the mission of all prophets (Salamabadi et al, 2014).Although social and cultural factors play an important role in marital adjustment, it seems that individual factors or characteristics, which are called personality, have a greater effect (Nazari & Karbalaie Mohammad Meigooni, 2017). One of these personality characteristics is perfectionism. . Perfectionism is a person's persistent desire to set perfect and unattainable standards and try to achieve them, which is accompanied by critical self-evaluations of one's performance (Stoeber & Harvey, 2016). Besharat et al (2018) in their research titled predicting couple adjustment based on spiritual-religious perfectionism and spiritual health showed that spiritual/religious perfectionism and spiritual health are determinants of couple adjustment.One of the ways to look at the structure of families is to look at the communication channels through which they interact with each other. Those kinds of communication channels that happen abundantly in a family are called communication patterns (Sayedi et al, 2018). "Couple communication patterns is a process during which husband and wife interact with each other verbally and non-verbally" (Hassanimoghadam et al, 2019). Defective communication patterns reduce the couples' correct understanding of each other, makes spouses unable to support each other, try to satisfy each other's needs, and understand each other's point of view on conflicting issues, and finally causes marital problems and dissatisfaction(Fallahchai et al, 2021).Therefore, one of the most important phenomena that requires attention and serious scientific research in today's social sciences is the consequences of married women's employment (Haidari & Dehghani, 2021), which creates concerns; Therefore, according to the importance of marital adjustment in family consolidation and the fact that we witness marital discord in families based on research, it seems that investigating factors predicting marital adjustment of culturally married workers is important and necessary and can provide a suitable basis for provide the development of romantic, honest relationships with understanding, commitment and intimacy between couples and help to understand the life cycle of couples; Therefore, the main question of the researcher is whether marital adjustment can be predicted based on the Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and communication patterns of couples in cultural working women of Khomein city.MethodologyThe design of the present research was part of applied research in terms of the type of objective, and in terms of the nature of data, it was part of quantitative research, and in terms of the method of descriptive collection and correlation method, it was of the predictive type. The statistical population of the present study included all married women working in the field of culture in Khomein city in the year 2021-2022 in the number of 473 people, and 212 people were selected using available sampling method using Karjesi and Morgan table. The criteria for entering the research included the informed consent of the person, at least 22 years of age and at least a bachelor's degree, not taking antipsychotic drugs and not having physical problems. The exclusion criteria also included refusal to cooperate in completing the questionnaires and history of psychiatric diseases. In this research, from an ethical point of view, explanations about the objectives of the research were presented to the participants, and they were also assured that their information would remain confidential with the researcher, and the consent of the people to participate in this research was obtained.The research tools include Spanir's husband and wife adjustment questionnaire (1976), which includes 32 questions and four components of couple satisfaction, couple solidarity, couple agreement, and expression of affection. Kaviani's Islamic lifestyle questionnaire (211) which includes 76 questions and 10 indicators as follows: social (11 items), beliefs (6 items), religious (6 items), morals (11 items), financial (12 items) , family (8 items), health (7 items), thinking and science (5 items), security-defense (4 items), chronology (5 items). T Short et al.'s perfectionism questionnaire (1995) which includes 40 questions and two components of positive perfectionism and negative perfectionism. And finally, Christensen and Salawi's (1984) couple communication pattern questionnaire, which includes 35 questions.ResultsOf all the respondents (212 people) among the married women working in the cultural field of Khomein city, 39.6 percent (84 people) are under 35 years old, 44.3 percent (94 people) are between 35 to 40 years old and 16 percent (34 people) were over 40 years old; Also, 61.8% (131 people) had a bachelor's degree, 33.0% (70 people) had a master's degree, and 5.2% (11 people) had a doctorate degree.Table 1. Statistical description of the scores of research variablesTable 1 shows the statistical description of the scores related to the variables of marital adjustment, Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and communication patterns along with their subscales. Based on the presented results, the mean variable of marital adjustment is (125/47), Islamic lifestyle (203/30), perfectionism (116/20) and communication patterns (110/68).Table 2. Normality of data distributionTable 2 shows the normality of data distribution. Considering that the null hypothesis is related to the normality of the variables and the null hypothesis is related to the non-normality of the variables; Because the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic of the variables is not in the range of +1.96 and -1.96; Also, the significance level of the variables is more than 0.05; The null hypothesis is confirmed. Therefore, it can be concluded that the variables have a normal distribution at a significance level of 0.05 and with 95% confidence. Table 3. Pearson correlation coefficient test between marital adjustment with Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and communication patternsTable 3 shows the results of Pearson correlation coefficient between research variables. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between marital adjustment with Islamic lifestyle is 0.752, between marital adjustment with perfectionism is 0.299, between marital adjustment with mutual constructive relationship is 0.225, which shows that the relationship between them is a positive and direct relationship. The meaning is that with the increase of marital adjustment in the Islamic lifestyle person, perfectionism and mutual constructive communication will be better; But the relationship between marital adjustment with expectation/withdrawal relationship is -0.250 and the relationship between marital adjustment with mutual avoidance relationship is -0.115, which shows that the relationship between them is a negative and inverse relationship, in the sense that with the increase of marital adjustment in a person Expectation/withdrawal relationship and mutual avoidance relationship will be less; Therefore, with 99% certainty, it was determined that there is a relationship between marital adjustment with Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism, and the components of couples' communication patterns in culturally working women of Khomein city. In the following, we will examine the prediction of marital adjustment based on Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and the components of communication patterns: Table 4. Regression model summaryAccording to the results of Table 4, the value of the multiple correlation coefficient (R) calculated between the criterion variable entered into the model and the predictor variables is equal to 0.48, the value of the explanatory coefficient is equal to 0.23, that is, about 23% of the changes in the variable. The criterion is explained by these variables (Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and components of communication patterns) entered into the model; And the rest of the variable changes are explained by other variables that the researcher did not consider and did not enter into the model, and the value of the adjusted explanation coefficient is equal to 21190. In the following, to check the significance of the regression, that is, the test of how the predictor variables can predict the criterion variable, we refer to the analysis of variance and significance F test. The results of this analysis are shown in Table 5:Table 5. Calculation results of analysis of variance testAccording to the results of Table 5, the obtained F is 28.44 at the significance level of 0.01; And this means that, firstly, the regression was significant and secondly, at least one of the predictor variables was effective in predicting the criterion variable. To determine the coefficients of the regression equation, the regression coefficients and dependent T-test were used, the results of this study are shown in Table 6. Table 6. Regression coefficients and T-test results related to predictor variablesThe results of Table 6 show that the variables of Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and communication patterns all have an effect on marital adjustment, in such a way that the share of the Islamic lifestyle variable is 0.75%, the share of the perfectionism variable is 0.29%, and the share of the mutual constructive relationship component is 0.21%. 0 percent, the share of the expectation/withdrawal relationship component is negative 0.21 percent, the share of the mutual avoidance relationship component is negative 0.11 percent.discussionThe purpose of this research was to predict marital adjustment based on Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and couples' communication patterns in culturally working women of Khomein city. The results of data analysis showed that Islamic lifestyle, perfectionism and communication patterns can predict marital adjustment. These findings are in line with the results of the researches of Muttajbian and Rezaei Dehnavi (2019), Farmani and Aflak Sir (2018), Sayedi and Shah Nazari (2018), Besharat and et al (2018), Nazari and Karbalai Mohammad Migouni (2020), Gingras et al. (2021) are consistent. The results of the mentioned research also confirm that the marital adjustment of couples is affected by personality traits, communication patterns, lifestyle and communication skills between couples.One of the most important findings of the current research was that the Islamic lifestyle has a positive effect on the marital adjustment of married cultural workers in Khomein. From this finding, it can be concluded that the Islamic lifestyle has been able to act as a suitable framework in the form of behavioral patterns for the growth and excellence of man and guiding him towards a healthy life. On the other hand, according to Islamic sources, the Islamic lifestyle encourages people to be more adaptable and increase successful patterns of conflict resolution. In the explanation of the above findings, it can be said that religious beliefs, including anti-divorce beliefs and trusting that God supports married life, affect marital adjustment. In addition, another reason is the emphasis that Islam places on mutual relations between spouses, and several verses in the Qur'an refer to this issue. Among them: forgiveness (Baqarah (23), giving gifts, An-Nasa, (4) good behavior (Nasa, 19, 15, 20), encouraging conformity (Nasa, 128), non-aggression (Al-Imran, 159) and remembering God in all Affairs (Raad, 28).Another finding of the present study was that perfectionism predicts marital adjustment. From this finding, it can be concluded that as the sense of human perfectionism increases, marital adjustment decreases and as a result, marital inadjustment increases and vice versa. In explaining the above hypothesis, it can be said that perfectionism is a constant source of stress that often leaves a person with a feeling of failure. Perfectionists force themselves to be perfect. This positive and continuous expectation is considered a source of stress and affects maladaptive coping methods. On the other hand, research has shown that perfectionism interferes with close and interpersonal relationships (Foo et al, 2017). Perfectionism is an abnormal pattern of behavior. This abnormal pattern of behavior can lead to marital problems and dissatisfaction with marital relationships and become a permanent source of stress that often leaves a person with a feeling of failure. As a result, perfectionists report much less satisfaction with their marital relationships.Also, the results showed that marital adjustment can be predicted based on communication patterns in culturally working women of Khomein city. In justifying the positive effect of mutual constructive communication on marital adjustment, it can be said that if in the relationship between a husband and wife, the pattern of communication between them is constructive and reciprocal, the level of marital adjustment between them both increases and they are more companionable than each other. They move towards each other; As a result, the distance between them decreases. In fact, when a clear, open and calculated communication is established, the relations are strengthened and when the communication is weak, these relations fall apart. The lack of proper listening and communication skills causes a feeling of lack of love between husband and wife, which naturally affects adjustment. In justifying the negative effect of expectation/withdrawal relationship on marital adjustment, it can be said that if in a marital relationship a man has expectations from his wife and a woman withdraws and has the first and last word in a man's relationship, the level of marital adjustment between them will decrease. and they go towards the distance because when the woman is made insignificant in the relationship, the marital adjustment decreases and she moves towards the distance from the man and distance, and also the marital adjustment between them decreases. Also, whatever relationship between the husband and wife in the marital relationship is such that the woman expects and the man withdraws, i.e. a pattern in which one of the spouses avoids discussion and the other blames or complains and there is feminism in the home. Marital adjustment decreases between them because the relationship between these two variables is negative. In justifying the negative effect of mutual avoidance on marital adjustment, it can be said that if the relationship between husband and wife is mutual avoidance, the amount of marital adjustment between husband and wife will decrease and both will move towards avoidance. Farmanfar & Aflaksair, 2019). LimitationsAmong the limitations of the present study, the following can be mentioned: the sample of the present study consisted of married women working in the cultural field of Khomein city, who have different characteristics in terms of cultural, social and economic aspects; Variables such as the number of children are not controlled, which may play a mediating role in the relationship between the main research variables; And finally, the use of self-assessment tools and the impossibility of qualitative evaluation may have caused an increase in bias in the answers, especially the questionnaire of communication patterns. SuggestionsAccording to the results of the research and the mentioned limitations, it is suggested to conduct similar research in other regions of the country with different and cultural groups, married and unmarried, with the control of more variables in order to obtain more accurate and generalizable results in the future research. Also, other information gathering tools such as interviews were used in relation to factors affecting marital compatibility. FundingThe current research is based on the master's thesis of the first author "Mina Dari" without financial support. Ethics Approval and Consent to ParticipateThe cooperation of the participants in the current research was voluntary and their informed consent was declared. It was also emphasized on the necessity of confidentiality of participants' information. Conflict of interestsAccording to the authors, this article has no conflict of interest. AcknowledgmentsWe hereby express my gratitude to the supervisor and all the people who helped me in this research. ReferencesBesharat M. A., & Kashanki, H. (2018). Perfectionism Dimensions and Interpersonal Problems: Gender Differences. Rooyesh, 6 (4) :73-92. http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-707-fa.html [Persian].Fallahchai, R., Fallahi, M., Moazenjami, A., & Mahoney, A. (2021). Sanctification of marriage, religious coping and marital adjustment of Iranian couples. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 43(2), 121-134.https://doi.org/10.1177/0084672421996826Farmani, Z., & Aflak Sir, A. (2019). Examining the role of family communication patterns on the marital adjustment of married female students. Quarterly Journal of Assessment and Research in Counseling and Psychology (JARAC ), 1(2), 1-12. http://jarac.iranmehr.ac.ir/article-1-31-fa.html [Persian].Foo, F. M., Hassan, S. A., Talib, M. A., & Zakaria, N. S. (2017). 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Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology, 11(4), 411-432. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20084331.1396.11.4.6.9 [Persian].Nazari, R., & Karbalaie Mohammad Meigooni, A. (2017). Structural model of perfectionism, psychological well-being and marital adjustment. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology, 11(4), 411-432. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20084331.1396.11.4.6.9 [Persian].SalamAbadi, M., Kalantarkosheh, S. M., & Shafiabadi, A. (2014). Compilation of marital adjustment model according to the Islamic lifestyle and perfectionism of middle school teachers in Birjand. journal of Counseling Research, 52, 51-73. http://irancounseling.ir/journal/article-1-110-fa.html [Persian].Sayedi, S. Z., & Shah Nazari, M. (2018). Prediction of sexual satisfaction of married women based on marital adjustment, communication patterns and emotional regulation. Rooyesh, 8 (9) 188, -179. http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-1452-fa.html [Persian].Spanier, G. B., & Thompson, L. (1982). A confirmatory analysis of the dyadic adjustment scale. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 731-738.https://doi.org/10.2307/351593Stoeber, J., & Harvey, L. N. (2016). Multidimensional sexual perfectionism and female sexual function: A longitudinal investigation. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45, 2003-2014.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0721-7. Manuscript profile -
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Open Access Article
562 - The effectiveness of communication skills training on responsibility, social function and problem solving among women headed households’ welfare of Ahvaz city
Zahra Teymoori Jahangir MirzavandiThis research aimed to determine the effectiveness of communication skills training on responsibility, social function and problem solving among women headed households. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was a quasi-experimental w MoreThis research aimed to determine the effectiveness of communication skills training on responsibility, social function and problem solving among women headed households. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The research population was women headed households’ welfare office Ahvaz city in autumn season 2018 year. Among numbers of population 50 people after considering the criteria for entering the study were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two experimental and control groups (each group 25 people). The experimental group trained 10 sessions of 90 by communication skills training method. The instruments research was the responsibility subscale of California psychological questionnaire (Gough, 1964), social function subscale of general health questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979) and problem solving questionnaire (Heppner, 1988). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method with SPSS-20 software. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the responsibility, social function and problem solving. In the other words, communication skills training significantly led to improve responsibility, social function and problem solving in women headed households (P<0/001). Based on the results, it is suggested that clinical psychologists and therapists in providing psychological services used from communication skills training method to improve their health, especially improve responsibility, social function and problem solving of women headed households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
563 - Analyzing the relationship between social health, communication skills and life with women's social security
Ali Asghar Asgharnejad Farid narges tamadini hassan asazadheWomen, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable than men to discrimination and reduced social security, which is one of the most fundamental aspects of MoreWomen, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable than men to discrimination and reduced social security, which is one of the most fundamental aspects of life in today's society. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between social health, communication skills and life skills with women's social security. The method used in this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to the affairs of martyrs and martyrs. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 250 people were selected by convenience sampling. The required data were collected using the questionnaires of social security sense of Sahabi (2010), social health of Keys (1998), communication skills of lawyer and colleagues (2012) and deductive life skills and data analysis using Analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were performed. The results showed; Social health dimensions are able to predict changes in women's social security. In addition, the variable of social participation has a greater effect on social security. Also, the dimensions of communication skills are able to predict changes in social security and the variable of interpretation and clarity of the audience's speech has a greater effect on social security. Women, as half of human resources in societies, are an effective factor in advancing the goals of society and the family. Studies show that women are more vulnerable than men to discrimination and reduced social security, which is one of the most fundamental aspects of life in today's society. Therefore, the present study was conducted to analyze the relationship between social health, communication skills and life skills with women's social security. The method used in this study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to the affairs of martyrs and martyrs. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 250 people were selected by convenience sampling. The required data were collected using the questionnaires of social security sense of Sahabi (2010), social health of Keys (1998), communication skills of lawyer and colleagues (2012) and deductive life skills and data analysis using Analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were performed. The results showed; Social health dimensions are able to predict changes in women's social security. In addition, the variable of social participation has a greater effect on social security. Also, the dimensions of communication skills are able to predict changes in social security and the variable of interpretation and clarity of the audience's speech has a greater effect on social security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
564 - The effectiveness of Compassion Focused Therapy on Divorce Adjustment in Divorced women
Rahim Cheldavi khadijeh shiralinia abbas amanelahiThe effectiveness of Compassion Focused Therapy on Divorce Adjustment in Divorced WomenAbstractThe aim of this present research was to determine the effectiveness of compassion focused therapy on divorce adjustment divorced women in Ahvaz. Four divorced women were selec MoreThe effectiveness of Compassion Focused Therapy on Divorce Adjustment in Divorced WomenAbstractThe aim of this present research was to determine the effectiveness of compassion focused therapy on divorce adjustment divorced women in Ahvaz. Four divorced women were selected using convenience sampling method. In this research simultaneous multiple baseline experimental single case design was used. Participants participated in several stages of the baseline, 8 intervention sessions and 2 follow-ups. The instrument used was Fisher's Divorce Adjustment Scale (FDAS). Data were analyzed using Visual Drawings, Reliable Change Index (P<0/05) and Percentage Improvement Formula. The results showed that compassion focused therapy had a significant effect on increasing adjustment divorce. Consequently, compassion focused therapy can be used as a new way of increasing adjustment divorce for Psychotherapists and family counselors. Keywords: Compassion Focused Therapy, Divorce Adjustment, Divorced WomenKeywords: Compassion Focused Therapy, Divorce Adjustment, Divorced WomenKeywords: Compassion Focused Therapy, Divorce Adjustment, Divorced Women Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
565 - The sociological analysis of woman's image in the poems of Malek al-Shara'i Bahar and Seyyed Ashrafdin Gilani
Reza Musabadi Mahdi Novrooz Batool FakhreslamThe woman and its role in the community is one of the issues that has always been considered in the poetic and prose works of Persian literature and has become a worthy place; But the woman in Persian classical literature does not have much positive and worthy face; Bec MoreThe woman and its role in the community is one of the issues that has always been considered in the poetic and prose works of Persian literature and has become a worthy place; But the woman in Persian classical literature does not have much positive and worthy face; Because among the poems of the classical poets, the woman's identity is confused and dark and the negative views on her are shadowed by the woman. Since the Constitutional Revolution and with the brief acquaintance of Iranians with Western culture and modern thoughts, the role and identity of women as one of the most important social activists in constitutional poetry has been taken into consideration. This research is to investigate and compare the manifestation of woman's image in the poems of Malek al-Shaara Bahar and Nasim shomal in the Constitutional Revolution, using descriptive-analytical method. One of the most important findings of this research is that the attitude of poets towards women's image has changed in Constitutionalist poetry; For the first time, the themes of this period are related to women's legal and social issues, and women are excluded from absolute love and their rationality, personality, and humanity are explained and analyzed. Both poets also believe in the achievement of women's knowledge, individual rights, and modern teachings; But in terms of freedom of coverage and the issue of hijab, the Spring discovers a veil of freedom from ignorance, while the Nasim shomal requires hijab for the presence of women in the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
566 - Comparing Characterization of women in stories of Chubak with stories of Daneshvar
mahmoud sadeghzadeh Maryam shamsSadegh Chubak(1377-1295) and Simin Daneshvar(1300) are among the most technical novelists with special style in south school, who each have addressed personalities ,characteristics and problems of women with Specific expression. in this quaere, while short introduction MoreSadegh Chubak(1377-1295) and Simin Daneshvar(1300) are among the most technical novelists with special style in south school, who each have addressed personalities ,characteristics and problems of women with Specific expression. in this quaere, while short introduction Daneshvar and Chubak's life and refer to kinds of story’s characters , through the reading and analysis of their fiction, has been tried to Review, compare and evaluation similarity aspects and difference methods of characterization, positive and negative attributes of women and their main components. quantitative results has been presented as charts and graphs too. Daneshvar has allocated more than 65 percent of her stories to the female’s character, And chubak has allocated 17 percent.has. Daneshvar has acted more realistic and natural in reconstruction and retrieve female character, while chubak (terms of Naturalistic perspective) has shown most detestable woman's face with reckless expression. Passive women in tight Hesar of inheritance, who are in Environmental determinism and instinct. Key words: Fiction, Sadegh Chubak, Simin Daneshvar, Characterization of women, Realism ,Naturalism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
567 - Avatar: A Cinematic Convergence of Science, Technology and Art
Mohammad Hadi Sameni Majid Kowsari Rahim Pendar Faranak ShahmoradiABSTRACT Avatar by James Cameron is a visual narration of an ambitious journey of man to the planet Pandora to obtain a rare mineral, “unobtainium.” The mission cannot be accomplished until the indigenous are displaced and “Tree-of-Life,” the res MoreABSTRACT Avatar by James Cameron is a visual narration of an ambitious journey of man to the planet Pandora to obtain a rare mineral, “unobtainium.” The mission cannot be accomplished until the indigenous are displaced and “Tree-of-Life,” the residence of the people, grown on the land of the mine is felled. U.S. Troops on the mission are accompanied by a scientific team led by Dr. Grace Augustine. They try to send Jake Sully, the paraplegic solider, into the aborigines’ community via an artificial body made out of human and Na’vi DNAs, called “Avatar” to study aborigines and possibly convince them to surrender peacefully. Yet, this never happens as Colonel Miles Quaritch, the military commander, chooses to accomplish the mission by force. The war between intruders and inhabitants brings about a huge amount of environmental damage and oppression of resisting people, especially the women. At the heart of war, Cameron projects the love story of Jake and Neytiri from Pandora leading to Jake’s disillusionment with reality of life in Pandora. Avatar, rich in theme and subject matter reconstructs the history of discovery and colonisation of Australia and brings to the fore concerns of contemporary man including the consumption of natural resources, eco-devastation, and man-woman relationship which is cast into the framework of science fiction. In this sense, a virtual image-body that represents individuals in computer-generated terrains provides a reference to the future of virtual technology and an implication to the rise of new political powers from Asia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
568 - Reformation of the female character and properties from the perspective of Rumi
hadi abbasnejad korasani reza forsati joibarie hossein parsaieThe literature of any ethnic group reflects the culture of that ethnic group and expresses their attitude towards existence, and in fact, the identity of any society is manifested in its literature. In the literature of different nations and ethnicities, there are diffe MoreThe literature of any ethnic group reflects the culture of that ethnic group and expresses their attitude towards existence, and in fact, the identity of any society is manifested in its literature. In the literature of different nations and ethnicities, there are different views on the personality of women. By reflecting on the type of attitude of the creator of Masnavi, it is possible to understand the type of fusion of cultures and their influence from each other. The study of the role of women in most of the famous mystical stories and their role-playing and reflection of their different faces during the anecdotes is one of the debates that has always been disputed by scholars and researchers. The results show that Rumi's view of women is a relative It is two-sided. Sometimes woman in her works is a bridge from virtual love to real love and shows the manifestation of the beauty and glory of the Almighty, which truly and correctly expresses her purpose in creating woman. Examining the traits and roles of women in Masnavi stories makes them better known, and their actions and reactions during the stories are correctly identified. Therefore, the author of this dissertation, through descriptive-analytical method and gathering information in a library style, has tried to highlight the prominent aspects of women's personality and traits in Masnavi, such as: soul, love, beauty, marriage, chastity and zeal, motherhood, Fear, superficiality and cunning, which is based on analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
569 - An investigation of Parvin E'tesami’s poems with an approach to reaction theory (double compensation) of Alfred Adler
Fariba Sadeghi Nahid Akbari Suzan JahanianStudies reflecting the women’s image in society has always been of interest to the different fields of science which can be considered from different aspects. Parvin E'tesami is one of the prominent poets of the constitutional era and the reign of Reza Shah, whose MoreStudies reflecting the women’s image in society has always been of interest to the different fields of science which can be considered from different aspects. Parvin E'tesami is one of the prominent poets of the constitutional era and the reign of Reza Shah, whose poems in the realm of literature have moral, social and political themes. Regarding the Adler’s personality theory in psychology, this study aimed to investigate the reflection of the inferiority complexes and compensation methods against the governing community in the poems of Parvin E’tesami.E’tesami in her poems criticized the man-centered society by describing the disillusioned emotions and feelings of women. Authors attempt to represent the procedure of transforming the feeling of inferiority to the complex and the reaction of compensation against the pressures of injustice towards women in her poems.Results revealed that disregarding her and her counterparts in the patriarchal environment has created a feeling of inferiority and the resulting complex. The poet, as a represntative of deprived and disillusioned women, highlights the role of women in the society in order to compensate the inferiority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
570 - Investigating the Components of Women's Personality in the Works of Mostafa Mastour
mahmoud sadeghzadeh Elahe MohseniIn this research it is attempted to evaluate modern women identities in Mostafa Mostoor effects. With important women identity introduction in Mostoor stories and fiction, the view points of this writer is described about women. Therefore to better understand identities MoreIn this research it is attempted to evaluate modern women identities in Mostafa Mostoor effects. With important women identity introduction in Mostoor stories and fiction, the view points of this writer is described about women. Therefore to better understand identities, identity is defined in first chapters and various types of identities are in traduced. During basic chapters, women introduction is provided based on publication year and categorization is done according to coordinates in Mastoor work. Based on chapter statistical findings, woman identity growth in fiction literature and active presence in modern choices are the most important writing result of Mastoor. He created various small and great identities that have simple life without margins but performing analysis, we can point to their complex identities and natures. Al though Mastoor is Muslim and originated from eastern culture in environment with long term wars but he described women and their coordinates as he faces to an world women. Studding first story of his fictions, we can achieve to this result. Comparing to the society that men are dominant, he described women without a thention to enforced ideas by family and med and used letters, thought and reactions for them. The infra feminist view point if Mastoor about women is defined by simple prose and poets in special writing literature of Mastoor that is new narrative of women presence in society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
571 - Reflecting on the Crisis of Today's Female Identity in the "I am probably lost" Novel (From the perspective of social semiotics)
Sepideh Seyed Faraji Farhad Tahmasebi roghoye sadraeeSome women Iranian contemporary writers at some stage of their writing deal with the nature and identity of women. The narrator of the novel, probably lost, also seeks self-awareness and the discovery of individual identity, and in this way, he suffers from an identity MoreSome women Iranian contemporary writers at some stage of their writing deal with the nature and identity of women. The narrator of the novel, probably lost, also seeks self-awareness and the discovery of individual identity, and in this way, he suffers from an identity crisis and tries to overcome this crisis. Semiotics is one of the interdisciplinary research methods that analyzes the signs and is used in reading literary texts to understand the meanings hidden in them. In this article, an attempt has been made to study and analyze the social codes in the novel "Probably Lost" by Sara Salar, using the approach of social signs. An examination of the novel Lost in Social Semiotics suggests that the author has succeeded in representing and inducing his intended concept of identity crisis. Sarah Salar portrays the presence of social cues in identity codes such as place, clothing, food, and name; It emphasizes this concept especially through the association of past places as well as the anonymity of the main character. Signs of social etiquette are also abundant in this novel. The author has used various methods of non-verbal communication (such as tone and tone) as a platform to reflect the concept of identity loss; In this way, the offensive and unemotional tone of speech in the narrator's mental dialogues also serves to instill the concept of identity crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
572 - Mohammad Bagher Mirza Khosravi's view of women in the novel “Shams and Toghra”
Afsaneh AhangariConstitutional Revolution in Iran brought extensive cultural and social changes. A new view on Woman as a human being and considering her different aspects of life in the works of poets and writers was one of the consequences of these changes. Mohammad-Bagher Mirza Khos MoreConstitutional Revolution in Iran brought extensive cultural and social changes. A new view on Woman as a human being and considering her different aspects of life in the works of poets and writers was one of the consequences of these changes. Mohammad-Bagher Mirza Khosravi, the writer of the first historical novel in Iran and a constitutionalist the western region, in his book "Shams and Toghra" dealt with the role of women. In her novel, while expressing some of the beliefs of the people of the Qajar era about women, she divided them into three groups: aristocrats, concubines, and common and desert women, and expressed the characteristics of each class of these women. Since Mohammad Baghir Mirza was influenced by the political and social events of the constitutional era, it is possible that his view of women and their human rights was a different and distinct view from the ordinary people of the society of that time. The findings of this descriptive-analytical study indicate that Khosravi had a special attitude towards the aristocracy and considered only women of this class worthy of education and companionship. It is noteworthy that various cultural and social developments after constitutionalism and association with intellectuals have not had the slightest effect on Khosravi's thought and change in his attitude towards women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
573 - The semiotics of "snake" in the poem "I was saying that day ..." by Simin Behbahani, emphasizing Michael Rifater's theory
maryam arjomandi mehdi zerafatkarEvery glorious poem has a dominant idea that overshadows the whole work. The poet hides this idea in the form and structure of a sentence or a word. He then artistically marks some words so that the audience can identify the dominant idea through them. Has Simin Behbaha MoreEvery glorious poem has a dominant idea that overshadows the whole work. The poet hides this idea in the form and structure of a sentence or a word. He then artistically marks some words so that the audience can identify the dominant idea through them. Has Simin Behbahani used this artistic function in the poem "I was that day ..."? It seems; To get the right answer, the benefit of Michael Rifater's theory of semiotics is more than any suitable theory. Due to this similarity, the present article has examined Simin's poetry based on the semiotic theory of this thinker and with a descriptive-analytical method. After examining the non-prescriptive elements, the results indicate that there are accumulations with the meanings of "snake", "laughter" and "fear" with a high frequency in the poem. After examining the descriptive systems with the approach of metaphorical clusters and with the nuclei of "traditional society", "demonic temperament" and "quasi-modern society", the hypograms of poetry were identified, the most important of which were: the symbol snake The demonic temperament of human beings and in patriarchal systems is most manifested in the existence of the male sex. Also, the comparison of accumulations, descriptive systems, and hypograms with the intertextual approach created the following structural matrix in the minds of the authors: The demonic temperament of a patriarchal system in traditional societies through folk games, oppression. It inspires girls. In a quasi-modern society, the teaching of oppression continues with modern methodses Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
574 - A comparative study of modernity in the poems of Malek al-Shaara Bahar and Haji Kader Koui
kazhal fadakar reza sadeghi shahparOne of the main features in the poetry of the poets of the constitutional era is their new and modern view of various social topics and categories. This topic, especially in the parallel years of the constitutional revolution and after, can be seen more and more in the MoreOne of the main features in the poetry of the poets of the constitutional era is their new and modern view of various social topics and categories. This topic, especially in the parallel years of the constitutional revolution and after, can be seen more and more in the poems of the poets of this era. One of the most important contemporary Iranian poets in this period is Malik al-Shaara Bahar. In this research, the comparison of modernity in the poems of Bahar and Haji Qadir Koui, a Kurdish and Iraqi modernist poet, has been discussed. As it can be seen from their poems, both poets have a new and modernist view in many and different fields, and in this article, an attempt has been made to examine and analyze their views and thoughts about women, religion and science.Scientism, anti-superstition and a new look at women and issues related to her are the common points of both poets, although Haji Qadir paid more attention to ignorance and anti-superstition than Bahar, and Bahar paid more attention to women and her rights than him. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
575 - A Comparative Study of Hossein Monzavi and Nazar Qabbani's Verses
Ashraf AhmadyComparative literature deals with aspects shared by cultural works of different nations. Since today’s world lives in communication age, seeking to build the global village, undoubtedly, it is impossible to gain a comprehensive and perfect cognition without under MoreComparative literature deals with aspects shared by cultural works of different nations. Since today’s world lives in communication age, seeking to build the global village, undoubtedly, it is impossible to gain a comprehensive and perfect cognition without understanding the surrounding world. Certainly, we will never be able to achieve self- definition exactly if we only know ourselves. Present paper compares verse works of two contemporary prominent poets, Hossein Monzavi and Nazar Qabbani that each of whom is an innovator and master of style poet in his own culture. We attempt to explore alignments and similarities existing in the works of these creative artists and to understand mutual interaction between aspects of impressions of Iranian and Arabic cultures. Since to discuss all aspects of content and structure requires more extended opportunity, this paper compares only such aspects as love, women, politics, and patriotic poems, which are of richly colored impression in the works of these two contemporary poets. Of course, examination of other aspects is tempting and interesting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
576 - The semiotics of "snake" in the poem "I was saying that day ..." by Simin Behbahani, emphasizing Michael Rifater's theory
maryam arjomandi mehdi zerafatkarEvery glorious poem has a dominant idea that overshadows the whole work. The poet hides this idea in the form and structure of a sentence or a word. He then artistically marks some words so that the audience can identify the dominant idea through them. Has Simin Behbaha MoreEvery glorious poem has a dominant idea that overshadows the whole work. The poet hides this idea in the form and structure of a sentence or a word. He then artistically marks some words so that the audience can identify the dominant idea through them. Has Simin Behbahani used this artistic function in the poem "I was that day ..."? It seems; To get the right answer, the benefit of Michael Rifater's theory of semiotics is more than any suitable theory. Due to this similarity, the present article has examined Simin's poetry based on the semiotic theory of this thinker and with a descriptive-analytical method. After examining the non-prescriptive elements, the results indicate that there are accumulations with the meanings of "snake", "laughter" and "fear" with a high frequency in the poem. After examining the descriptive systems with the approach of metaphorical clusters and with the nuclei of "traditional society", "demonic temperament" and "quasi-modern society", the hypograms of poetry were identified, the most important of which were: the symbol snake The demonic temperament of human beings and in patriarchal systems is most manifested in the existence of the male sex. Also, the comparison of accumulations, descriptive systems, and hypograms with the intertextual approach created the following structural matrix in the minds of the authors: The demonic temperament of a patriarchal system in traditional societies through folk games, oppression. It inspires girls. In a quasi-modern society, the teaching of oppression continues with modern methodses Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
577 - The Visage of Ideal Woman in the Cycle Le Monde Reel of Louis Aragon
Soheila Esmaїli Hamid Moradi"Le Monde réel" is a cycle of five novels compiled by Louis Aragon (1897-1982), the famous French writer. Louis Aragon presents a critique of French capitalist society from the 1890s to the 1940. There is a lot of information about that society in this cycle. It More"Le Monde réel" is a cycle of five novels compiled by Louis Aragon (1897-1982), the famous French writer. Louis Aragon presents a critique of French capitalist society from the 1890s to the 1940. There is a lot of information about that society in this cycle. It is in such cases that the role and effect of Woman is seen. A careful study of these novels reveals the visage of woman in the forms of bourgeois women, worker, servants, prostitute, anarchist and politic militant. The present article analyzes and studies ideal woman's visage in these forms providing sample from the novels text of the cycle of "Le Monde réel". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
578 - Maternal Articulation in the Poetry of Parvin Etesami and Forough Farrokhzad
Faranak Shahmoradi Mohammad Hadi SameniArticulation of feelings and emotions has always been a theme of interest in the poetry of women writers in Iran. One of such emotions is the maternal one which has received more stress and attention by women writers across the world and Iran. This paper prepared throug MoreArticulation of feelings and emotions has always been a theme of interest in the poetry of women writers in Iran. One of such emotions is the maternal one which has received more stress and attention by women writers across the world and Iran. This paper prepared through close reading is a comparative study in the poetry of Parvin Etesami and Forough Farrokhzad to investigate their voices as mothers. In doing so, reasons for such articulations including social and literary parameters are investigated. Considering such parameters and the poetry of the two writers, it seems that Etesami with his powerful poems pays more attention to moralities and tries to correct whatever she does not like through advice. She highlights the role of motherhood by means of the same technique. On the other hand, the poetry of Farrokhzad often accentuates a motherhood language that is meant for women to encourage them to resist against men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
579 - The Eastern Female Stereotypes in The Story Zoqaq Alamdaq by Naguib Mahfouz
Kamran Ghodousi Tahere NaderiNajib Mahfouz probably under the influence of colonial and stereotyped ideas about women of East West, the most famous story by looking at the middle class and poor communities has written. In this story using the characters wear, portrays a world that, although unrelat MoreNajib Mahfouz probably under the influence of colonial and stereotyped ideas about women of East West, the most famous story by looking at the middle class and poor communities has written. In this story using the characters wear, portrays a world that, although unrelated to the respondent East, but there is so negative in their views of laughter .these figures are influenced by the western colonialists were .In this paper, after analyzing the attitudes of the West towards the East and the expression of the story, the story we will explore a variety of characterization of women in the area and came to the conclusion that we will describe the personality of women in the work of the famous how noble values of non-western countries, is consistent and what impact it will leave the audience in mind. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
580 - Woman and Gender Proverbs
Mohsen Masoomi Vida RahiminezhadProverbs are part of the oral literature said and heard in each language and culture, but their subjects differ from society to society. They show the interests and disgusts of every society and in fact they & MoreProverbs are part of the oral literature said and heard in each language and culture, but their subjects differ from society to society. They show the interests and disgusts of every society and in fact they are the reflection of the culture of each society, as well. Characteristics of proverbs include anonymous author, oral transmission from generation to generation, and unknown origin. Since the formation of a proverb has no logical or scientific base, whatever the members of a society distance themselves from traditional and irrational behavior towards rational manner, then the use of proverb is reduced and in approving or rejecting a case individuals use proverb less, as logical reasoning helps them more. Some of these proverbs has gender base. The aim of this article is to determine the amount of the use of gender proverbs among people in Tehran. The methodology is based on survey research method. Statistical population is people in Tehran and the measurement tool is researcher- made questionnaire. Gender proverbs were set among common proverbs and 71 people including men and women in Tehran had filled the questionnaires. One of the most important findings of this project is that the amount of the use of gender proverbs among men is 0.93 and among women is 0.74 in the 0-4 scale in this statistical population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
581 - Identify the challenges facing women working in industry; Case study of women working in Aran and Bidgol industrial towns
Fatemeh Deldadeh Arani sayyed mohammad reza davoodiWomen's employment is one of the effective levers in their development and social participation, but the existence of some barriers to women's employment and their economic activity outside the family environment has limited their employment. The purpose of this study i MoreWomen's employment is one of the effective levers in their development and social participation, but the existence of some barriers to women's employment and their economic activity outside the family environment has limited their employment. The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges facing women working in the field of industry in the industrial towns of Aran and Bidgol. In other words, the main question of the present study is what are the challenges and obstacles facing women working in the field of industry? The dominant approach to this qualitative research is the content analysis method, in-depth interview data collection technique, and semi-structured interview data collection tools. The statistical population of this study is all women working in Aran and Bidgol industrial towns, whose number is 34078 and The sample size was adopted by the snowball method and also based on the saturation rule, which in the end 32 people were considered as the sample size. The research data were analyzed by the content analysis method.Findings: The findings showed that the most important barriers to the interviewees' response were individual barriers, family barriers, and social barriers, each of which has sub-themes.A) Personal barriers 1. Dissatisfaction with the job 2. Psychological problems.B) Family barriers, 1. Communication with spouse 2. Communication with children 3. Communication with others.C) Social barriers 1. Educational problems. 2. Problems of work environment 3. Problems of a community environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
582 - Presenting a model of empowering female managers to succeed in crossing the glass ceiling
Elham Maleki Parvaneh Glard Seyed Sobhan Lavasani Seyed Ahmad hosseinigolafshaniThe main purpose of this study is to provide a framework for the transition of female managers through glass celling. Therefore, the present study is a qualitative research that has been done with a content analysis approach. After reviewing the theoretical foundations MoreThe main purpose of this study is to provide a framework for the transition of female managers through glass celling. Therefore, the present study is a qualitative research that has been done with a content analysis approach. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and existing models, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 18 experts in the field of empowerment, and then using an open and centralized coding strategy, the effective factors were counted and finally the framework was presented. Based on the findings, a theoretical model including 6 themes of glass celling effect, understanding of glass roof, effective factors, strategies and characteristics, transformational leadership and easy exit explains the career path of women according to There is a glass roof to reach senior management. The research findings show that female managers show transformative leadership behaviors and most importantly, the female instinct of female managers is in accordance with transformational leadership behaviors. As a result, women are more affected by individual barriers and are able to overcome the barriers of the glass ceiling by relying on their feminine instincts. Decreased productivity in a group that believes in obstacles to their progress; Increased stress and job pressure; Increase the likelihood of resignation and departure of employees who believed in the glass roof; Reduce work and organizational commitment; Decreased work motivation; Feelings of hopelessness are the consequences of believing in a glass celling. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
583 - Title: Identifying strategies to overcome the barriers and challenges of women entrepreneurship with the approach of resistance economics
soheila zarinjoi alvar لیلا آندرواژBackground and purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify strategies to remove barriers to women's entrepreneurship in the resistance economy.Methodology: The current research is qualitative in terms of practical purpose and exploratory method, which was imple MoreBackground and purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify strategies to remove barriers to women's entrepreneurship in the resistance economy.Methodology: The current research is qualitative in terms of practical purpose and exploratory method, which was implemented in the statistical community of entrepreneurship experts and professionals using the ground theory method. The data collection tool is an in-depth and semi-structured interview. After conducting 15 in-depth interviews through purposive sampling and collecting opinions Entrepreneurial experts reached theoretical saturation and the data were analyzed using selective and theoretical coding.Findings: The findings showed that gender, dual role, social, cultural, educational and economic factors are obstacles to women's entrepreneurship, and strategies to remove obstacles include planning and policy making for development, women's entrepreneurship, improving the entrepreneurship education system, improving It is the infrastructure for the development of entrepreneurship and the development of cultural-social norms, which causes the development of employment, the increase of welfare in the society and the economic and social development of the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
584 - The effect of yoga exercise with dumbbells along with spirulina supplement on liver enzymes of elderly Bushehr women
Mohadeseh Bandarrigi Saeid Shakerian Roohollah ranjbar Sadegh AbdollahiA B S T R A C TObjectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of yoga with dumbbells at the same time as taking spirulina supplements on liver enzymes in obese elderly women.Methods & Materials: This study, which is applied and semi-experimental, MoreA B S T R A C TObjectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of yoga with dumbbells at the same time as taking spirulina supplements on liver enzymes in obese elderly women.Methods & Materials: This study, which is applied and semi-experimental, was conducted on 40 elderly women who were randomly divided into four equal groups. Then, after performing the initial tests as a pre-test, they were divided into supplement and exercise + supplement groups for daily consumption of 500 mg spirulina capsules in three servings. Therefore, the exercises were performed for 8 weeks (three sessions per week) and an average of 60 minutes. Therefore, after the completion of 8 weeks, the experiments were repeated, and for their statistical analysis, correlation and covariance t-tests were used with a significance level of P < 0.05.Results: The current research on elderly women with an average age of 60-65 showed that doing yoga with dumbbells along with spirulina supplementation led to a significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzymes in the exercise group) AST)=P ،(003/0>ALT=)p(003/0>) and exercise/supplement group (ALT= (P>0.0001), AST= (P>0.001); but Significant difference in the control group (AST=(P=0.82), ALT=(P=0.82)) and supplement group without training (AST=(P=0.21), ALT=(P=0.21)) was not observed.Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, it seems that taking spirulina supplements at the same time as yoga exercises with dumbbells can have positive effects on liver enzymes; Therefore, it is suggested to sports trainers to improve health status and prevent liver diseases in elderly people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
585 - Policy making and sociological explanation of individual-social socialization training of women heads of households under the cover of Tehran welfare organization in empowerment and sustainable employment.
Bahareh Roozikhah Bahram Ghadmimi mehrdad navabakhshPurpose: This article was carried out with the purpose of policymaking and sociological explanation of individual-social socialization training of women heads of households under the cover of Tehran welfare organization in empowering and sustainable employment in 1401. MorePurpose: This article was carried out with the purpose of policymaking and sociological explanation of individual-social socialization training of women heads of households under the cover of Tehran welfare organization in empowering and sustainable employment in 1401. Method: The research method is a correlational survey. Population and sample: The statistical population of female heads of households in Tehran covered by the country's welfare organization during the years 2015 to 2019 is 700 people, and 248 people were studied by proportional random method and using Cochran's formula. Instrument: The measuring instrument was researcher-made questionnaires. Validity and reliability: The validity of the instrument was calculated and confirmed through face validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha. Findings: Pearson's correlation coefficient results indicated the existence of a direct relationship between individual-social socialization training and its components with women's empowerment and sustainable employment. The results of multiple regression and path analysis also showed: teaching awareness of the rights of others with the effect (0.49), social participation with the effect (0.423), dialogue and understanding training with the effect (0.246), responsibility training with The effect (0.206), teaching the obligation to obey the law with the effect (0.2), teaching adherence to obligations with the effect (0.106) and teaching respect for the rights of others with the effect (0.076) in total lead to empowerment. And the stable employment of female heads of the household is covered by the welfare organization of Tehran city, which has the greatest effect on the education of awareness of the rights of others and the education of social participation. In total, the effect of all factors explains 55% of women's empowerment and sustainable employment. Conclusion: In accordance with the welfare organization's policies, individual and social socialization training for women can be effective in their empowerment and sustainable employment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
586 - Presenting a model for institutionalizing gender equality in Iranian sports
teimoor soleimanbeigi jamshid hemati navid mahtabThe purpose of this study was to present a model for institutionalizing gender equality in Iranian sports. This research was a methodological method in terms of qualitative methodology and data theory. The statistical population of this study consists of experts in the MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model for institutionalizing gender equality in Iranian sports. This research was a methodological method in terms of qualitative methodology and data theory. The statistical population of this study consists of experts in the field of women's sports management. For sampling, purposive sampling method was used and sampling was continued until reaching theoretical saturation and based on this, 16 interviews were conducted. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information and three overlapping processes of open coding, axial coding and theoretical coding were used to analyze the data. By matching the text of all interviews in the open coding stage, 213 concepts or initial codes were identified, which were reduced to 83 codes after code aggregation. Then, in the axial coding stage, according to the semantic similarity of the identified concepts, 21 subsets were formed and classified into causal, contextual, interventionist, strategies and consequences. Based on the research results, it was found that the institutionalization of gender equality is not a one-dimensional issue and equality as a product is a function of various institutions that should be considered by the relevant stakeholders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
587 - The effect of educational institutions on improving the status of women in the Qajar period
Fatemeh Mahbob AliAsghar Davoudi hamid saidi javadiThe status of women in the Qajar period was such that they were deprived of the smallest social, economic, cultural and political rights and were under severe restrictions caused by the patriarchal society. One of the most important reasons that put women in that situat MoreThe status of women in the Qajar period was such that they were deprived of the smallest social, economic, cultural and political rights and were under severe restrictions caused by the patriarchal society. One of the most important reasons that put women in that situation was illiteracy, lack of awareness and lack of communication with society. For this reason, one of the first measures taken by modern women was the construction of girls' schools and efforts to educate girls and women. Although the establishment of girls' schools in that environment was met with protest and reaction from the traditional society, but gradually, especially after the constitutional revolution, it spread and had beneficial effects on the status of women. The aim of the current research is to investigate the results and consequences of the establishment and gradual expansion of educational institutions on the status of women at this stage. Therefore, the question is, what effect did educational institutions have on the status of women in the Qajar period? The hypothesis is that educational institutions, including girls' schools, have caused literacy and, as a result, the growth of awareness, change of attitude and efforts to play a greater role for women in society. The findings of the research show that the submissive and undemanding women of the Qajar period, upon entering the Pahlavi period, turned into demanding women who raised demands such as the right to enter society and employment. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and the data were collected in a library manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
588 - An introduction to the capacities of Islam to empower women in Islamic countries with emphasis on the verses of the Qur'an
ShakibaSadat Hashemian Saeed Gazerani AliAsghar DavoudiThe problem of gender discrimination against women over the world, has made finding a solution a necessity; thus, the concept of women's empowerment entered the development discourse. The poor situation of women in Muslim countries compared to other developing and devel MoreThe problem of gender discrimination against women over the world, has made finding a solution a necessity; thus, the concept of women's empowerment entered the development discourse. The poor situation of women in Muslim countries compared to other developing and developed countries has raised many questions, which some have attributed it to Islamic beliefs common in these societies. The lack of a research dealing directly with the relationship between Islamic teachings and women's empowerment and the importance of the topic in the dominant discourse of development in today world necessitates the need for research on this topic. Therefore, this question is raised, what capacities does Islam has for empowering women? The hypothesis of the research is that Respecting women, accepting the right to education and securing their economic rights are among the most important capacities of Islam for empowering women. In line with qualitative research method, for data collection, the existing scientific theoretical works such as the authoritative articles and books were used, and for data analysis, to describe the research problem and introduce the empowerment theory, descriptive method and to evaluate the compatibility of Islamic rulings and teachings with empowerment theory, analytical-comparative method was used. The findings of the article confirm the hypothesis and show that Islamic principles derived from Quran have the necessary capacity to empower Muslim women and eliminate discrimination, injustice and inequality against them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
589 - The role of the Islamic revolution in the level of political participation of women at the elite level (case study: Members of Parliament)
Soheyla Afsharpour Shiva Jalalpoor Fereydoun Akbarzadeh Rohollah ShahabiWomen's political participation has different levels.One ofthe most important of them is the participation of elite women in political affairs.In order to understand this participation,one should pay attention to various factors, and also consider its different typ MoreWomen's political participation has different levels.One ofthe most important of them is the participation of elite women in political affairs.In order to understand this participation,one should pay attention to various factors, and also consider its different types in order to provide a more accurate analysis.This participation goes beyond merely participating in elections and voting rights or participating in political activities.Presence in the political elite(in this study,the Islamic Council)is very important for measuring women's political participation.In this research,this type of participation, considering the patriarchal model of the revolution,which is aimed at analyzing the situation of women after the Islamic revolution,has been measured and by using the comparative method,the three important components of this theory,namely"patriarchy","inequality"and"housekeeping"will be adapted to the situation of women's political participation. The findings of the research show that despite the expansion of women's presence in society, especially at the elite level (due to the increase in the level of education and employment), the presence of women at the political elite level and their participation at this level has not expanded much. Therefore, the components of the mentioned theory do not correspond to reality in the general situation of women, but it applies to the level of women's political participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
590 - Creative attitude in the function of the Internet in Iranian women
Fatemeh Esmaeili Rozita SepehrniaBackground: The Internet is a global database. Internet users into virtual space, with a vast and wonderful world of correctly then it must encountered negative and positive functions and learn to recognize it. Objectives:The aim of this study is to understand the attit MoreBackground: The Internet is a global database. Internet users into virtual space, with a vast and wonderful world of correctly then it must encountered negative and positive functions and learn to recognize it. Objectives:The aim of this study is to understand the attitude of the experts in identifying women negative and positive functions of the Internet in Iran.Methodology: The research is combined through Q-methodology, 42 experts were selected purposefully, then achieved through interviews and questionnaires, attitude surveys and content and face validity for Evaluation and its reliability was confirmed by experts. The data collected were analyzed through factor analysis Cave.Results: The results showed that women with positive and negative functions of the Internet, the five components of the index priority in the use of the Internet for " Searching ", the consequences of social network index of "News of the Gatekeeping News" in computer games "individualism in the family", in blogs components "easy access" and in the forum "social interaction" is introduced.ConclusionS: Due to the growing importance of information and communication technologies in the global market and the presence of women in society as more and more Internet users Negative and positive functions it should also be considered to allow for optimal use and reduce the negative impact it has appropriate planning and policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
591 - An investigation into obstacles to entrepreneurship among educated women
Ali Rabiee Zahra Nazarian Background: In recent years, the entry of women into higher education has grown. In these circumstances, encourage entrepreneurship among women graduates in the country to establish independent businesses can play an important role. Purpose: This research is an a More Background: In recent years, the entry of women into higher education has grown. In these circumstances, encourage entrepreneurship among women graduates in the country to establish independent businesses can play an important role. Purpose: This research is an applied study, and the nature of the study is descriptive and survey; and has been done to identify the main barriers that women entrepreneurs educated in Iran. Method: Beginning through exploratory interviews with 20 experts identified major barriers and then designed Likert questionnaire included 36 questions. The population consisted of 30 women who were educated and 80 faculty members are experts. Friedman test was used for subsequent data analysis Result (s): The analysis of the data showed that individual barriers and cultural barriers are important to women's entrepreneurship. Also, gender discrimination in the workplace, fear of failure, conjunction corporate affairs and family issues, inconsistency role expectations, bureaucracy and provide initial capital and liquidity requirements are the main causes. Conclusion: Due to the growing women with tertiary education, special attention should be given to these individuals to meet the challenges of entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
592 - Evaluation and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Intensive and Short-Term Psychotherapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on the Mental Pain of Earthquake Victims of Sir Paul Zahab City
Afshin Safarnia Vahid Ahmadi shahram mamiThe purpose of this study was to compare and compare the effectiveness of short-term intensive psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the mental pain of earthquake victims in Sar Paul Zahab in 1398. The study population consisted of earthquake-stricken MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare and compare the effectiveness of short-term intensive psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the mental pain of earthquake victims in Sar Paul Zahab in 1398. The study population consisted of earthquake-stricken women in Sar-e-Pol city who referred to counseling clinic of Sar-e-Pol-e-zahb city in 1398. 45 women were selected by convenience sampling method. One control group and two experimental groups were replaced by a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. Intensive and short-term psychotherapy sessions and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy were administered to the two experimental groups during 9 weeks. At the end, three post-test groups were taken. The research tools were: Orbach & Miklinsler Mental Pain Questionnaire (OMMP) (2003). Covariance analysis test was used for inferential analysis of data. The results showed that both intensive and short-term psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy are effective on the mental pain of earthquake victims and between intensive and short-term psychotherapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the earthquake on mental pain. (p <0/5). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
593 - Investigating The Impacts of Women’s Political Participations on Gender Role Schemas
Samaneh Shaterzadeh Yazdi Majid Tavasoli Roknabadi Seyyed Hossein AthariPurpose: Employment can affect on gender role schemas. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparison the gender role schemas of women working in political and non-political executive organizations.Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and MorePurpose: Employment can affect on gender role schemas. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparison the gender role schemas of women working in political and non-political executive organizations.Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was comparative. The research population was women working in political and non-political executive organizations of Mashhad city in 2019 year. The sample consisted of 114 women working in political organizations who were selected by census sampling method and 384 women working in non-political organizations who were selected by cluster sampling method. The research instrument was a short form of gender role schema inventory (Bem, 1981) whose validity was confirmed by experts' opinion and its total reliability was obtained 0.86 by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed by tests of Chi-square, Fisher and independent t in SPSS-22 software.Findings: Findings showed that women working in political and non-political executive organizations based on Chi-square test in terms of education and marriage, based on Fisher test in terms of birth province, birth city, job category and based on independent t-test in terms of mean age and work experience there were no significant difference (P>0.05). Other findings showed that the mean score of masculine gender role schemas of women working in political executive organizations was significantly higher than women working in non-political executive organizations (P˂0.05), but there were no significant difference in terms of mean scores of feminine gender role schemas and social utility schemas (P>0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that masculine gender role schemas in women are affected by employment in political and non-political executive organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
594 - The Relationship between Psychological Well-Being and Psychological Hardiness with Marital Intimacy in Married Women of Qom City
Monireh Nekokerdaran Mahshid Izadi Mojgan MardaniPurpose: Marital intimacy plays an important role in family strength. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the relationship between psychological well-being and psychological hardiness with marital intimacy in married women.Methodology: The present study was MorePurpose: Marital intimacy plays an important role in family strength. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigate the relationship between psychological well-being and psychological hardiness with marital intimacy in married women.Methodology: The present study was cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population was married women who referred to Sadra counseling center in Qom city in 2020 year with number of 240 people. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated 144 people who were selected by simple random sampling method. The research instruments were the scales of psychological well-being (Ryff, 1989), psychological hardiness (Lang, Goulet and Amsel, 2003) and marital intimacy (Walker and Thompson, 1983). Data were analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with enter model in SPSS-21 software.Findings: The findings showed that psychological well-being (and all six components including self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, environment mastery, purpose in life and personal growth) and psychological hardiness (and all three components including control, commitment and challenge) had a positive and significant relationship with marital intimacy in married women (P˂0.001). Also, the variables of psychological well-being and psychological hardiness significantly able to explained 53%, six components of psychological well-being significantly able to explained 67% and three components of psychological hardiness significantly able to explained 37% of the changes of marital intimacy in married women (P˂0.001).Conclusion: The results indicated the positive and significant relationship of psychological well-being and psychological hardiness with marital intimacy in married women and their role in explaining their marital intimacy. Therefore, to promote marital intimacy can be improved the psychological well-being and psychological hardiness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
595 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Couple Therapy and (EIS) Model on Marital Satisfaction, Among Pregnant Women
Mohammad Amini Mahmoud Goudarzi Shole ShahgheibiPurpose: this study was prepared to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy training and EIS model on Marital Satisfaction in pregnant women.Methodology: To achieve that, in a semi-experimental study with plan pre-test, post-test with the contro MorePurpose: this study was prepared to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy training and EIS model on Marital Satisfaction in pregnant women.Methodology: To achieve that, in a semi-experimental study with plan pre-test, post-test with the control group, 60 people among the statistical population were chosen by considering the criteria which is available in sampling method, and they randomly divided into three groups of 20 (two experimental groups and one control group). The Experimental participants were trained on cognitive-behavioral and EIS model in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training during this time. The tool which is used to collect data in pre-test, post-test were, Enrich Marital Satisfaction .Data were analyzed by using mean, multivariate analysis of covariance.Findings: The results showed that both cognitive-behavioral and EIS model approaches on Marital Satisfaction and Its subscales are effective and there is a difference between the effectiveness of these two approaches on mentioned variable. The EIS model had a greater effect on Marital Satisfaction and subscales Personality Issues, marital relationship, Sexual Relationship, Religious Orientation than the cognitive-behavioral approach, But in the financial management subscale, the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral approach was greaterConclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that despite the differences between these two approaches, both are useful in term of Marital Satisfaction and Its subscales. However, due to the greater effectiveness of the EIS model in marital satisfaction and most of its subscales, it can be used during pregnancy besides the other cares. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
596 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group and Group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment on Appearance Schema in Obese Women without Diet
Jafar Pooyanmehr Mohammad Zareh Neyestanak Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei Nejad Hassan KhoshakhlaghPurpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy group and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on appearance schema in obese women without diet. Methodology: It was a quasi-experimental research design o MorePurpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy group and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on appearance schema in obese women without diet. Methodology: It was a quasi-experimental research design of pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all women with a body mass index above 30 who referred to Noor Nutrition and Obesity Treatment Clinic in the city of Ray in the year 1400. The sample size includes 45 people (30 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) from the statistical population were selected by available sampling method and divided into two experimental groups and one control group. For the first experimental group, cognitive behavioral therapy and for the second experimental group, acceptance and commitment group therapy was implemented, while the control group did not receive training. The research tool included the appearance schema questionnaire (Kash, Melnik and Harbosky, 2004). The data was analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Findings: The results showed that both treatments had an effect on reducing the appearance of obese women without diet (P<0.001) and the change in scores was stable in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that cognitive behavioral group therapy and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment improve the appearance schema in obese women without a diet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
597 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Group and Group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment to Appearance Schema in Obese Women without Diet
Jafar Pooyanmehr, Mohammad Zareh Neyestanak Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei Nejad Hassan KhoshakhlaghPurpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy group and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on appearance schema in obese women without diet. Methodology: It was a quasi-experimental research design MorePurpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy group and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on appearance schema in obese women without diet. Methodology: It was a quasi-experimental research design of pre-test-post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all women with a body mass index above 30 who referred to Noor Nutrition and Obesity Treatment Clinic in the city of Ray in the year 1400. The sample size includes 45 people (30 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) from the statistical population were selected by available sampling method and divided into two experimental groups and one control group. For the first experimental group, cognitive behavioral therapy and for the second experimental group, acceptance and commitment group therapy was implemented, while the control group did not receive training. The research tool included the appearance schema questionnaire (Kash, Melnik and Harbosky, 2004). The data was analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Findings: The results showed that both treatments had an effect on reducing the appearance of obese women without diet (P<0.001) and the change in scores was stable in the follow-up phase. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that cognitive behavioral group therapy and group therapy based on acceptance and commitment improve the appearance schema in obese women without a diet. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
598 - The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Body Image with the Mental Well-Being of Female Athletes in Tehran
Shadi Kabiri Agh Ziarat Afsaneh Taheri Khadijeh AbolmaaliPurpose: Mental well-being can play an adaptive role in facing adverse and stressful conditions, so the aim of the research was the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived stress and body image with the mental well-being of female a MorePurpose: Mental well-being can play an adaptive role in facing adverse and stressful conditions, so the aim of the research was the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between perceived stress and body image with the mental well-being of female athletes in Tehran.Methodology: The research was applied in terms of purpose and from the point of view of data collection, it was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population was all female athletes who referred to sports clubs in Tehran in 2019, age range (20-50 years). 250 people by method Available sampling was selected. The research tools included Diener et al.'s Mental Well-Being Questionnaire (1985), Cohen, Komark and Marmelstein's Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983), Winstead and Janda's Body Image Concern Questionnaire (1987) and Neff et al.'s self-compassion Questionnaire (2003). Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation method and path analysis using SPSS and PLS software.Findings: In general, the path analysis showed that self-compassion played a mediating role in the path of body image to well-being, the results showed that perceived stress and self-compassion could predict mental well-being, also the path analysis showed that self-compassion in the path between perceived stress and mental well-being, it did not have the ability to play a mediating role. It played a mediating role in the path of body image to well-being.Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that strategies that increase self-compassion can provide a better picture of body image and increase the mental well-being of female athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
599 - Systematic Review of Iranian Researches with a Focus on the Effectiveness of Researches Conducted Regarding Working Women
Mehrnaz AzadyektaThe aim of the present study was to systematically review Iranian researches with a focus on effectiveness researches conducted on working women in the period of 2018-2023. This study is a type of secondary research and is considered a systematic review according to the MoreThe aim of the present study was to systematically review Iranian researches with a focus on effectiveness researches conducted on working women in the period of 2018-2023. This study is a type of secondary research and is considered a systematic review according to the implementation method. Document analysis method was used to collect data, which included all published effectiveness studies (2018-2023) and a total of 45 studies were examined. The information obtained was made by the researcher's checklist tool and the summary of the contents was presented in the form of tables. What emerged from the review of the articles published in the last 5 years was that researchers are looking for positive organizational behavior, which is followed by an increase in the strengthening of employees' psychological resources, and this is while working women, due to the connection with the environment outside the home and On the other hand, they are under a lot of stress due to their maternal responsibility. Therefore, considering the role of women, in society, work-family conflict has negative consequences for the psychosocial health of working women and their families, and it also affects the optimal performance of organizations, hence it is suggested that researches on the effectiveness of work-conflict be carried out in the future. Target the family by emphasizing the role of women and try to improve the psychological condition of working women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
600 - The Effectiveness of Multivariate Intervention on Perceived Stress and Emotional Adaptation of Women on Divorce Referring to Social Emergency
Parinaz BanisiPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Lerner multifaceted intervention on perceived stress and emotional adjustment of women in the vicinity of divorce referring to social emergency. Methodology: The purpose of this study was applied, semi-e MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Lerner multifaceted intervention on perceived stress and emotional adjustment of women in the vicinity of divorce referring to social emergency. Methodology: The purpose of this study was applied, semi-experimental, pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the study included 300 divorced women who referred to the Social Welfare Emergency of the country. Cluster sampling was used to select the sample. Data were collected using Cohen's (1983) Perceived Stress Questionnaire on 5-point scale and reliability coefficient of 0.79, Bell's Emotional Adaptation Questionnaire (1961) on 3-point scale, and reliability coefficient of 0.81, and holding Lerner course during 8 One and a half sessions were held for the experimental group. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA multivariate analysis of covariance and ANCOVA univariate analysis of covariance. Findings: The results showed that Lerner polyhedral intervention was effective on perceived stress and emotional adjustment of women in divorce, thus reducing perceived stress (41.6% effect) and increasing emotional adjustment in women. Divorce (37% effect). Conclusion: Lerner multivariate intervention is effective on perceived stress and emotional adjustment of women in divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
601 - The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on life expectancy in women with breast cancer
Maryam Hashemi mohammad mehdi Badiee< p >The aim of this study was the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on life expectancy and coping strategies in women with breast cancer in Tehran in 2009-2010. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test-fol More< p >The aim of this study was the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on life expectancy and coping strategies in women with breast cancer in Tehran in 2009-2010. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group was used. The statistical population included women with breast cancer in Tehran. Thirty of these women who met the inclusion criteria were selected using available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group did not receive cognitive therapy intervention based on the presence of mind and the subjects in the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the follow-up phase. Data collection tools were life expectancy scale and coping strategies questionnaire that were completed by the subjects in the pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up stages. Research data were performed using univariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on life expectancy and coping strategies in women with breast cancer in the experimental group were effective at the end of treatment and after one month of follow-up. The results of this study provided appropriate empirical support for mindfulness-based cognitive therapy interventions. It is suggested that this approach be used for life expectancy and coping strategies in women with breast cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
602 - The effect of compassion and self-esteem group training in transactional analysis on divorce emotionally abused women
Nooshin Fatholahzadeh Simin Eipchi Hagh Nadereh Saadati Seyed Ali DarbaniThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group training in transactional analysis on compassion and self-esteem, emotional abused women divorce is done. Quasi-experimental study experimental group pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population in MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group training in transactional analysis on compassion and self-esteem, emotional abused women divorce is done. Quasi-experimental study experimental group pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population in this study include divorce women referred to family court trial in the summer of 2016 were 2 GUI. After satisfying and ensure the confidentiality of the results of the questionnaire, they were asked to emotional abuse, self-compassion (Neff, 2003) and self-esteem (Cooper-Smith) respond after collecting and analyzing questionnaires filled 48 people score high emotional abuse and low self-esteem and compassion, respectively. After contact with women eligible for the study, only 24 patients referred to the center Mehravar randomly into two groups of 12 subjects were assigned to experimental and control. After the end of treatment to both test and control groups responded to the questionnaire, compassion, and self-esteem. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance was used. The results showed that transactional analysis psychotherapy training program on self-compassion is affected groups in post-test (F =14.73, P = 0.001). Also, the training of self-esteem (F =11.91, P = 0.003) also increased significantly. Based on the results it can be concluded that transactional analysis psychotherapy training on compassion and self-esteem of women caught Emotional abuse is effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
603 - The Role of An Intermediary Family Communication Patterns in the Relationship between the Anxiety of Health and Self Care in Diabetics
Zahra Taher Nasab Amiri Ahmad TorabiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family anxiety and self-care mediated family patterns in women with diabetes. The method of this research is descriptive correlational which identifies the relationship between research variables. The MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family anxiety and self-care mediated family patterns in women with diabetes. The method of this research is descriptive correlational which identifies the relationship between research variables. The statistical population of this study included all diabetic women in Tehran, which is reported by the Association of Diabetes, which is 2800 people. The method of this research was randomly clustered and the number of sample groups according to Morgan table was 338 people. The Glasgow and Tubert Diabetes Self-Care Questionnaire (1994), the Christensen and Salavi Couples Pattern Patterns Questionnaire (1984) and the Healthy Anxiety Questionnaire for the Sickookis and Warwick (2002) Health Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings of the research indicate that the direct effect of health anxiety on self-care (0 117) is significant at the level of 0.05. The indirect effect of health anxiety on self-care (-0.21) is significant through a constructive interaction at the level of 0.01. Therefore, under the component of interacting constructive variable, communication patterns play the role of mediating between health anxiety and self-care. The results of the research showed that there is a relationship between self-care anxiety and mediation of family communication patterns in women with diabetes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
604 - Analysis of effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province
solieman rasouliazar Arman Kaykhosravi Loghman RashiedpourThe present research was conducted in order to analyze and identify effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province. The nature of this applied research was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire MoreThe present research was conducted in order to analyze and identify effective mechanisms on the development of entrepreneurship among rural women in Kurdistan province. The nature of this applied research was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire made by the researcher, whose reliability was obtained by using the pilot test and calculating Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population of the research was 27,560 rural women of Kurdistan province, and using the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined to be 204. The sample people were selected by stratified random method. The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between the individual-psychological, economic, socio-cultural, educational, infrastructural and marketing structure with the advantages of entrepreneurship development among the rural women of Kurdistan province. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict changes in the dependent variable, i.e., the advantages of entrepreneurship development among rural women in Kurdistan province, by independent variables, i.e., managerial, social, cultural, educational, economic, infrastructural, individual, psychological, and marketing structures. The multiple correlation coefficients in this research is equal to 0.781. According to the calculated coefficient of determination, the aforementioned constructs were able to determine 61% of changes in the dependent variable, i.e., the advantages of entrepreneurship development among rural women in Kurdistan province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
605 - Effective Extension and Education Strategies on Empowering Rural Women in Commercialization of Agricultural Products (Case Study: Buein Zahra)
Fatemeh Panahi Shaghaeigh Kheiri -
Open Access Article
606 - Survey the Role of Social media marketing and e-wom on Brand Image and Purchase Intention in Iranian Food Industry
Sepideh Samie Seyed Mohammad Tafreshi -
Open Access Article
607 - Study, analysis and comparison of cultural capitals of female characters in the stories of Jalal Al-Ahmad and Simin Daneshvar; According to Pierre Bourdieu
seyyedehFatemeh yavari Roghayyeh Rezaei hesam ziaee Stories, by reflecting the norms and values of society, play an important role in reproducing gender identity and status. Criticism of literary texts from such a perspective helps to represent the position of women in society based on having different types of c More Stories, by reflecting the norms and values of society, play an important role in reproducing gender identity and status. Criticism of literary texts from such a perspective helps to represent the position of women in society based on having different types of capital. The present study, with reference to library sources and a comparative approach as well as descriptive-analytical method, examines the stories of "Samanoopazan" and "Ganj" by Jalal Al-Ahmad with the stories of "Sargozasht-e-Koocheh" and "Shahri chon Behesht" by Simin Daneshvar Paid And has analyzed and interpreted the types of women's cultural capital in these stories according to the approach of Pierre Bourdieu's types of capital to answer the question of how the cultural assets of female characters are reflected in the stories of Al-Ahmad and Daneshvar? The findings of this study, referring to the meager cultural capital of women, represent the patriarchal atmosphere of Iranian society and show that women in these stories, out of ignorance and lack of cultural capital, step in any direction than men (even wicked and vulgar men). Do not move away and stay in the same humble position. These women are satisfied with their meager cultural capital and show no signs of self-fulfillment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
608 - Adaptation and analysis of the story "Rostam and Sohrab" and "Prince Oedipus" in the novel "Red Haired Woman"by Orhan Pamuk
Samira Jamali Ghotolou ,Nasser Alizadeh Arash MoshfaghiOrhan Pamuk is the author of the novel "Red Haired Woman". In the narration of the novel, he has mentioned the story of "Rostam and Sohrab" and "Prince Oedipus" in a frequent and wide-ranging manner. This contemporary Turkish novelist has analyzed the themes, moti MoreOrhan Pamuk is the author of the novel "Red Haired Woman". In the narration of the novel, he has mentioned the story of "Rostam and Sohrab" and "Prince Oedipus" in a frequent and wide-ranging manner. This contemporary Turkish novelist has analyzed the themes, motivations and details of the story "Rostam and Sohrab" and "Prince Oedipus" in addition to narrating the stories and recreating them. This causes a question in the mind: what is his purpose by using the themes of these two stories? In this research, the quality and purpose of recreating two myths belonging to two ancient civilizations with the theme of father-son relationships has been analyzed. The results showed that in this novel, the author has compared the archetype of "father killing" and 'son killing" from the mythological stories of Western and Eastern civilizations. Pamuk tried and was able to show that Turkey's culture is a bridge between East and West, as well as its location, and there are cultural signs from both civilizations in it. Even thoug the stories have been forgotten In the current society of Turkey for different reasons; But their cultural expression are alive yet. In fact, Pamuk's initiative is that he has purposefully created a postmodern novel by benefiting from ancient literary works, and in this way he was able to present a symbolic interpretation of the national culture and psychology of his society. In the current research, data collection has been done in a library manner. Its method is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
609 - Studying and analyzing story in the two short stories of "The Woman Who Lost My Man!" And "When To Hail"?
neda moradThe story is an artistic creation; the creative mind of the author is created with fundamental elements inspired by the inner and outer life of mankind and everything around him. The elements of the story, the foundation and the main structure of a story form that the e MoreThe story is an artistic creation; the creative mind of the author is created with fundamental elements inspired by the inner and outer life of mankind and everything around him. The elements of the story, the foundation and the main structure of a story form that the examination of these elements leads the audience to better understand the author's work because the author, based on his thoughts, uses the elements of the story and the result This is the creation of different works with different themes. Sadegh Hedayat and Simin Daneshvar are contemporary writers who often focus on women's issues and problems in their writing experiences. The present article analyzes the implications of this sociological and psychological concept in the elements of the two stories of "The Woman Who Lost My Man!" And "Who Happens to Kee?". The reason for choosing these two authors is the relevance of the subject in two stories. In this essay, in a preface and two speeches, a descriptive-analytic method is reviewed, along with an example of a witness, by revising the elements of women and society, women and politics, women and education, women and economics as well as women's characterize Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
610 - A Study and Analysis of the Extracorporeal Novel from Chastity of the Infinite with an Approach to Feminist Foundations (Pathological Attitude)
vahab moradian MOSTAFA YEGANI ardeshir sadreddiniFeminist ideas that began in Europe after the contemporary post-industrial revolution and spread throughout the world also came into the field of literature, and many gender-based writers addressed women's diminished rights in patriarchal societies and women's concerns. MoreFeminist ideas that began in Europe after the contemporary post-industrial revolution and spread throughout the world also came into the field of literature, and many gender-based writers addressed women's diminished rights in patriarchal societies and women's concerns. On the micro and macro levels. Given the rootedness of patriarchal beliefs in Arab societies, addressing women's issues in the literature of these countries is valid. In the meantime, Efaf Al- Batayeneh, in her Kharej Al-Jasad novel, is influenced by feminist beliefs and the patriarchal structure of her societies, with a critical approach of attempting to describe the plight of women and suggest ways to get this class out of the situation. In this research, using the feminist foundations and the descriptive-analytical method, the author's views on the novel are explained and explained. The results of the study show that: Al- Batayeneh issues such as: the complete subjugation of women to men; traditional marriage in Eastern societies; Man, egalitarianism, has criticized society's false beliefs. As the main character of the novel, Semen, having traveled to Western countries and renamed himself, has completely undergone cultural transformation and negated the components of the patriarchal and patriarchal culture of Arab society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
611 - Examining and comparing the ways of representing the social position of "female characters" in the short story 20
نجمه najmeh alireza shabanlu Abdolhossein FarzadFictional literature in Iran has focused its attention on representing the realities of Iranian society from the very beginning of its formation. With a quick look at the works of fiction from the twenties to the fifties, the audience can clearly see the influence of re MoreFictional literature in Iran has focused its attention on representing the realities of Iranian society from the very beginning of its formation. With a quick look at the works of fiction from the twenties to the fifties, the audience can clearly see the influence of realism in the heart and text of the stories. The main reason for this approach in fiction literature is the political and social structure and conditions that govern Iran. The present study tries to answer the main question in a descriptive-analytical way, that according to the realist view that prevailed in the short story in the twenties, what image did the male writers draw of "woman" and her "social position" at this historical moment? are The statistical population of this research is the short stories written by Ebrahim Golestan, Bozor Alavi and Mahmoud Etemadzadeh in this decade. The findings of the research show that "female" characters in these stories are often mentioned as secondary characters and their processing method is in a way that is related to other characters. It seems that none of the "female" characters are directly introduced in these stories and their "actions", "thoughts" and "speech" are the main tools of the authors. They are to introduce these characters to the reader. These women have different names; but they have common characteristics that they are condemned to suffer and finally surrender due to economic, cultural and political anomalies. In general, although these "women" have been represented differently in some cases; the overall picture presented of them under the influence of the realistic view of short story writers in the twenties has many points in common with each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
612 - Understanding the Concept of Hidden Violence against Women in the novel "Homa" Written by Mohammad Hejazi, Emphasizing Two Macro Indicators
الهام Ahmadi Kobra Nodehi Arastoo Mirani Violence refers to the concept of applying any behavior to harm one or more phenomena. This concept can be done on two levels, consciously or unconsciously. Among these, the critical issue is to investigate the limits, amount, and victims of violence. One of the i More Violence refers to the concept of applying any behavior to harm one or more phenomena. This concept can be done on two levels, consciously or unconsciously. Among these, the critical issue is to investigate the limits, amount, and victims of violence. One of the important spectrums that have sometimes been subjected to violence is women. In Iran, the presence of women as victims of social and cultural conditions dates back to the first contemporary novels during Reza Shah's modernization era. In the novels of this period, we came across images of women as victims of society. This article is research in examining and understanding the concept of hidden violence against women in the novel "Homa" written by Mohammad Hejazi. As a leading author and novelist, Hejazi has shown the concealed shadow of violence against women by choosing female titles for his novels. The hypothesis of this article indicates that in the novel "Homa," Hejazi presents a woman who is a victim of hidden violence in the culture and traditions of a patriarchal society. The findings using the descriptive-analytical method and written and virtual sources showed that the hidden violence against women in Homa's novel includes two indicators of verbal and non-verbal hidden violence. Therefore, humiliation, slander, insults, threats, lies, taunts, and teasing are included under the index of hidden verbal violence. Also, ignoring women's character, supporting wrong marriage customs, supporting polygamy, sexual violence, hypocrisy, and pretending is under the macro index of hidden non-verbal violence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
613 - A comparative study of the change of habits with negative/positive capitals in the character of female narrators
mahtab hajimohammadi sara ZirakPierre Bourdieu's theory of types of capital represents capitals and the effect of their types on each other in different ways. In Bourdieu's definition, the types of capital are: "Economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital". This article, with a comparative look a MorePierre Bourdieu's theory of types of capital represents capitals and the effect of their types on each other in different ways. In Bourdieu's definition, the types of capital are: "Economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital". This article, with a comparative look at the habits influenced by the capitals of female narrators in the novels "My Bird" and "Forbidden Notebook", examines the effect of capitals on each other and changes the habits of female narrators, and shows with a descriptive-analytical method what effect the habits have on creating They have positive and negative funds. The most obvious negative habits of female actors in novels; Silence, passivity, isolation, submission and satisfaction of the men of the family without the least action and protest are in line with the otherness of the narrator's women and the most specific positive habits; Loyalty, motherhood, sense of responsibility, sacrifice and kindness. As a result, the nature of women's habits has either not changed, or has progressed in the direction of negative and negative production and reproduction, or if there is a slight change in the production and reproduction of positive capitals, it is pale in the shadow of the passivity of the narrators. The comparative result of the research shows the common structural position of two women in two different societies, whose similar and repeated experiences create common traits and habits. These similar behaviors and habits, in turn, give structure to their positive or negative social actions; That is, it sets guidelines and limits their activity. Or in very few social spaces, it removes passivity and limitations. But in the end, the revelation of the women's passivity in the economic fields, the inefficiency of the social spaces (before and after marriage), in the use of social capital, and the poverty of the economic, cultural and symbolic capital in the narrator's women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
614 - A comparative study of the social position of women in the short stories of the 20s from the perspective of the experimental role of language in the Halidi role-oriented approach "focusing on the short stories of Bozor Alavi, Ebrahim Golestan, Mahmoud Etemadzadeh and Jalal Al-Ahmad"
najmeh Hashemi Alireza shabanloo Abdolhosein FarzadRole-oriented linguistics emphasizes that language is a "social tool" and deals with those human actions that refer to the transfer of meaning with the help of language. Halidi considers language as a system of lexical choices that the speaker uses at three levels accor MoreRole-oriented linguistics emphasizes that language is a "social tool" and deals with those human actions that refer to the transfer of meaning with the help of language. Halidi considers language as a system of lexical choices that the speaker uses at three levels according to the context of the situation. Language is formed according to social needs and the surrounding environment and organizes meaning. This language function is called "Franqash" in role-oriented linguistics. The trans-roles of language are: the trans-role of thoughts, which is used for reading and analyzing the text; interpersonal trans-role whose purpose is to initiate or promote relationships to influence the behavior of others, express opinions, modify or change them; Transtextual role that has the task of adapting the message according to other textual and extratextual factors. The current research tries to answer these questions in a descriptive-analytical way, according to the statistical community of the research, what is the function of each of the linguistic processes in the textual structure of the short stories of the 20s? And according to the fundamentals raised in the intellectual role and the realist point of view governing short stories in the twenties, what image of "woman" and "her social position" have been drawn by male writers at this historical moment? Emphasizing on its "realistic and realistic character", short story literature has always sought to define a place for the presence of women and also free itself from gender restrictions and patriarchal readings. The findings of the research indicate that Bozor Alavi, Ebrahim Golestan, Mahmoud Etemadzadeh and Jalal Al-Ahmad each used different types of linguistic processes in the textual structure of their short stories to depict the positive social status of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
615 - The Effect of Minimalism Art on the Design of Iranian Women's Evening Dresses: Inspired by the Form and Colour of Yazd Traditional Dress
Elham Gholami Ghazaleh Chizarifard Ehsan Zarin AbadiIn the 20th century, after the Russian revolution, artists were able to form a trend based on abstraction and geometry, which, by giving importance to the perception of the audience in various fields of art and architecture, has the purity of design in the use of visual MoreIn the 20th century, after the Russian revolution, artists were able to form a trend based on abstraction and geometry, which, by giving importance to the perception of the audience in various fields of art and architecture, has the purity of design in the use of visual arts elements.The current research, which was prepared by descriptive-analytical method and referring to reliable library, visual and electronic sources, with the aim of achieving minimalistic characteristics in fashion and clothing and its application in the design of Iranian women's nightwear inspired by the form and colors It is the traditional dress of Yazd province.The minimalist style in fashion design by avoiding individuality, regulating shapes, not using decoration, using new production methods in fibers, valuing fabric, key use of colors, curved and straight lines and subjects was able to make simple clothes. Market items for women with the most functionality, comfort and freedom in mass production. On the other hand, the use of this feature in the current research shows the adaptability and flexibility of the main design lines, cut and color of the traditional clothes of Yazd province with the minimalist style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
616 - Exploring the viewpoints of dairy farm managers in Tehran province regarding employing women in the farm
Somayye Poursoleiman kazem karimi Mohammad Reaza SoleymanpourThis study explored the viewpoints of dairy farm managers in Tehran province regarding employing women in the farm. The study is survey research and from the goal point of view, it is applied research, which has been done in the method of correlation and regression anal MoreThis study explored the viewpoints of dairy farm managers in Tehran province regarding employing women in the farm. The study is survey research and from the goal point of view, it is applied research, which has been done in the method of correlation and regression analysis. The study is field research and has been done by questionnaire. Based on the latest report by Iran Statistic Centre, there were 1012 industrial dairy farms in 2013 and using Cochran formula and random sampling, the sample size has been determined as 30. To confirm the validity of the questionnaire, different questionnaires, and professors' opinions were used and also to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was applied and the value calculated as 0.816 based on 30 completed questionnaires. Out of 130 sent questionnaires, 85 were received completed and got analyzed. The result showed that among studied livestock breeders, there was only one female manager in Karaj. As the unit grew, the number of employees with related educational degrees increased. Livestock breeders in Damavand had a better vision towards women capabilities. With the benefits of specialized training for livestock breeders, the use of specialized personnel in units was increased. The average of educated livestock breeders’ age was lower and less educated livestock breeders had a better vision of women working in the farms and they had a higher conviction about the capabilities of women in management. Livestock breeders who have been educated in fields related to animal science were younger and less experienced and they employed less experienced personnel. Livestock breeders who believed women and men have equal capabilities, employed women in tougher works (management and labor work) and tended to employ women in farms more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
617 - The role of good urban governance in the Corona and post-Corona eras according to the status of women (Case study: Semnan city)
Mehdi Asghari Zeinab Karke abadi abbas ArghanGood urban governance is a new theory, the implementation of which realizes the field of sustainable development in the society. In the corona situation, with the experience that all kinds of democratic and non-democratic governments showed in managing affairs, apparent MoreGood urban governance is a new theory, the implementation of which realizes the field of sustainable development in the society. In the corona situation, with the experience that all kinds of democratic and non-democratic governments showed in managing affairs, apparently, the most successful way of governance appeared from countries where women were at the top of the government and made decisions for themselves and others. Since women always have multiple roles, even in crises, they have a more effective role in facing and managing it. The city of Semnan has faced issues in the field of urban management and governance during the corona and post-corona period. The purpose of this article is the role of good urban governance in the era of Corona and post-corona, considering the position of women in Semnan. The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in nature. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and information of this research. The statistical population of the current research is the citizens of Semnan with a population of 216,578 people, and the sample size is calculated using Cochran's formula to be equal to 383 people. In order to analyze the data, to test the hypotheses, one-sample t-tests, multivariate linear regression, and Pearson's correlation were used, and to generalize the results from the sample to the statistical population, the structural equation modeling method was used by Lisrel software. The findings have shown that the quality of governance in Semnan and the position of women in the era of Corona and post-corona are in unfavorable conditions in Semnan and they are weak. The results of the sample T-Tech test have shown that the state of the aspects of good urban governance in Semnan city and the position of women in it is not in a good situation. Finally, the results of the investigations show; It is not possible to hope for the realization of good urban governance without the practical definition and explanation of the special position of women as half of the city's citizens and one of the most influential groups in the administration of city affairs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
618 - Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Compassion - Therapy on Affective Capital in Elderly Women
Roghieh Nooripour Nikzad Ghanbari Vahideh Sadat Farkhojasteh Seyed Hossein Tabatabaei Saeed Soleimani Farsani Peyman Hassani-AbharianAbstract This study was conducted to determine compassion therapy based on mindfulness of affective capital in elderly women. The current research is of an applied type, which was conducted semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group in 20 MoreAbstract This study was conducted to determine compassion therapy based on mindfulness of affective capital in elderly women. The current research is of an applied type, which was conducted semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group in 2019. The statistical population included all elderly women 60 to 75 in Tehran (mean age: 64.74). Among the statistical population, 36 elderly women were invited to participate in this research using the available sampling with the necessary criteria. Among the recruited people, 36 agreed and were randomly and equally placed in two experimental and control groups. Due to the exclusion of sample people during the research (such as lack of interest in continuing participation), 32 elderly women were included until the end of the study. The intervention group received mindfulness-based compassion therapy for eight weeks and one weekly session. Meanwhile, the control group did not receive any intervention. Elderly women completed the affective capital questionnaire to evaluate the dependent variable in the pre-test, post-test, and intervention follow-up periods. Levene's test, Mauchly's sphericity test, Bonferroni Test, and Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the mean of affective capital of the intervention group improved after mindfulness training. Also, the mean of affective capital between the intervention and control groups was significantly different (p<0.05). This intervention showed new horizons in psychological interventions and can also be used to improve affective capital of elderly women.Keywords: Mindfulness, Affective Capital, Elderly, Compassion, Woman1.* Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
619 - Investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and fear of negative evaluation of women facing divorce
مطهره گلستانی Dr.farzad dehghanifarAbstractWomen facing divorce face psychological challenges. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to commitment-based treatments in this field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and fear MoreAbstractWomen facing divorce face psychological challenges. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to commitment-based treatments in this field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and fear of negative evaluation of women facing divorce. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was all women who were subject to divorce in Kerman city in 1401. 30 people were selected as a sample using the available sampling method and replaced by simple random in two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. Wells's (1994) anxiety questionnaire and Watson and Friend's (1969) fear of negative evaluation questionnaire were used to collect information. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and covariance analysis were used to analyze the research data. The results showed that treatment based on commitment is effective on anxiety and fear of negative evaluation of women facing divorce at a significance level of P<0.01. Considering the effectiveness of treatments based on commitment and on anxiety and fear of negative evaluation of women, it seems that this treatment can be used to reduce the psychological problems of women facing divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
620 - The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the intensity of temptation and craving in women with drug abuse
نازنین نخعی فرشید خسروپور حمید ملایی زرندیAbstractThe intensity of temptation and desire to use is one of the problems of women with substance abuse and they can be among the important risk factors for relapse of addiction. This study was conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral MoreAbstractThe intensity of temptation and desire to use is one of the problems of women with substance abuse and they can be among the important risk factors for relapse of addiction. This study was conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the intensity of temptation and reducing cravings in women with drug abuse in Kerman city. The method of this research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research is all the women addicted to drugs who visited Sepid and Mehr addiction treatment clinics in Kerman from January to March 2017. Using available sampling method, 30 people were selected and randomly divided into two groups (experimental 15 people and control 15 people). The experimental group participated in 12 sessions of 60 minutes a week, cognitive-behavioral therapy, but no intervention was done in the case of the control group. Beck and Clark's (1993) Temptational Belief Questionnaires and Mazinskis et al.'s (1995) Substance Abuse Questionnaires were administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using univariate covariance analysis. The results showed that in the post-test phase, the mean scores of the intensity of temptation and craving for consumption in the experimental group were significantly reduced compared to the control group (P<0.01). According to the findings, it is suggested that cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used as an intervention to reduce the intensity of temptation and craving for consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
621 - Predicting marital happiness based on spiritual intelligence and cognitive emotional regulation in career women
Zhaleh NorooziAbstractThe aim of this study was to predict marital happiness based on spiritual intelligence and cognitive emotion regulation in career women in Abhar. The method of the present study was correlational. The Marital Happiness Scale, King Spiritual Intelligence Question MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to predict marital happiness based on spiritual intelligence and cognitive emotion regulation in career women in Abhar. The method of the present study was correlational. The Marital Happiness Scale, King Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire and Cognitive Emotion Regulation were used to measure variables. In this study, the statistical population included all women employees in Abhar city offices in 1400. Ahundred people were randomly selected as the sample by stepwise cluster sampling method. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression were used to analyze the data. The results of correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive relationship between existential criticism of thinking, creation of personal significance, transcendent consciousness, expansion of state of consciousness and spiritual intelligence with marital happiness (P <0.01). There is a positive relationship (P <0.05) between marital happiness and acceptance components, refocusing on planning, and positive re-evaluation. There is a negative relationship between marital happiness and the components of self-blame and blame of others (P <0.05). There is a negative relationship between marital happiness and catastrophic component (P <0.01). The results of regression showed that the existential criticism component of thinking and acceptance along with refocusing on planning can explain 30% of the variance of marital happiness. It can be concluded that among the effective variables in promoting marital happiness are spiritual intelligence and cognitive emotion regulation.Keywords: Marital happiness, Spiritual intelligence, Cognitive emotion regulation, women employees.1. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
622 - Survey the Role of Women with an Emphasis on the Figurine of Elam
Amir Ghaedi Behzad Balmaki Lily Givar -
Open Access Article
623 - Women in Sogdian Para-documents
Parisa Derakhshan Moghaddam -
Open Access Article
624 - Review: a Look at the Evolution of Women's Clothing During the Qajar Era as a Visual Language
Lily Givar Aidin Koohpayeh -
Open Access Article
625 - Investigating the pattern of drug resistance among bacteria isolated from women suffering from urinary tract infections in Savojbolagh
Saman Afshar Mohammadreza Dehghani Dorna Rafighi Farnaz Yousefi Javid TaghinejadBackground: Urinary tract infections are one of the medical and health problems. This type of infection is more common in women than in men due to the anatomy of the urinary tract and lack of hygiene. The aim of the present study is to investigate the drug resistance of MoreBackground: Urinary tract infections are one of the medical and health problems. This type of infection is more common in women than in men due to the anatomy of the urinary tract and lack of hygiene. The aim of the present study is to investigate the drug resistance of urinary pathogens in women with urinary tract infection in Savojbolagh city.Methods: The current study is descriptive-cross-sectional, which was collected by examining 5100 urine samples from women suffering from and suspected of urinary tract infection, and after culturing in general-pourpose media and selective media and biochemical tests, the type of pathogenic microorganism was determined; then, the level of resistance in the strains was reported with antibiogram. Microsoft Excel 2022 software was used to draw graphs.Results: Out of a total of 5100 urine samples, 302 samples were considered positive, and the most infectious pathogens were Escherichia coli (%60.93) and group B streptococcus (%16.56). The age group of 31-40 years (%17.55) was recognized as the high-risk group, and the highest frequency of drug resistance in Escherichia coli to cefazolin (%60.87) and in group B streptococci to tetracycline (%88) was observed.Conclusions: The amount of drug resistance of microorganisms is increasing day by day, and this issue is a threat to all humans and animals. In this study, the highest rate of drug resistance to cefazolin and tetracycline was observed in two pathogens, which are main causes of urinary tract infection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
626 - The Effect of Aerobic Step Training on Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Phosphorylated Tau Protein of Elderly Women
fatemeh dehghan haghighi lotfabadi Ali Yaghoubithe present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 and 12 weeks of aerobic training on plasma BDNF levels of tau phosphorylated protein in elderly women with reduced cognitive function. For this propose 24 old women, 60 to 70 years old randomly selected and divided Morethe present study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 and 12 weeks of aerobic training on plasma BDNF levels of tau phosphorylated protein in elderly women with reduced cognitive function. For this propose 24 old women, 60 to 70 years old randomly selected and divided into experimental (n=12) or control (n=12) groups. The experimental group performed step aerobics training with an intensity of 60 to 70% of heart rate reserve, 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Plasma BDNF and tau phosphorylated protein level was measured with an ELISA kit. There was no significant difference between the levels of tau phosphorylated protein in the experimental and control group in different stages (p <0.05); Also, the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that despite the decrease in the level of tau phosphorylated protein, but there was no significant difference between the levels of this index in different stages of the study (p = 0.182). The plasma BDNF level of elderly women in the post-test stage (12 weeks) in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p = 0.018). Also, plasma BDNF levels after 8 and 12 weeks in the experimental group were significantly higher than the pretest (P values were 0.021 and 0.004, respectively).These results suggest that the possible positive effects of exercise in the elderly with reduced cognitive function are not due to a decrease in the phosphorylated Tau protein and that neurogenic pathways are activated in this way. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
627 - Effect of Aerobic Training on Serum Levels of Apolipoprotein M, Lipid and Metabolic Profiles in Young Sedentary Obese Women
Masoomeh Azami Najmeh RezaeianPurpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according MorePurpose of this study was to investigate effect of 12 weeks of aerobic training on serum level of ApoM, lipids profile and insulin resistance index in obese women.Twenty obese womenwere divided into experimental and control groups (10 ones in each) homogenized according to the body mass index. Subjects in experimental group participated in twelve weeks of aerobic running training at intensity of 50-75 percentage of reserve heart rate, 30-55 minutes per session and five sessions per week. Blood sampling was performed immediately before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session to assess blood factors. Statistical analysis was done by Covariance, paired t-test and Pearson correlation at significant level of P<0.05.According to covariance, there existed significant differences between two groups of experimental and control for changes in levels of ApoM insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol HDL and LDL insulin resistance index weight body fat percentage waist and hip circumferences. T-test findings showed 12 weeks of aerobic training resulted in significant decreases in levels of ApoM and HDL accompanied with significant decreases in levels of insulin fasting glucose triglyceride cholesterol and LDL insulin resistance index and anthropometric indices (P<0.05) in experimental group in post-test compared to pre-test. However, there were significant positive correlation between changes in serum levels of Apom following 12 weeks of aerobic training with changes in cholestrol levels.It seems that 12 weeks of aerobic training can improve body composition, lipid profile and insulin resistance, despite the deccreases in serum levels of ApoM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
628 - The Impact of Women on the Middle class Houses of the Qajar Era (Case Study: Northern Cities of Iran)
Hosna Varmaghani -
Open Access Article
629 - Comparision of the effectiveness of logotherapy and Fordyce Happiness on reduction of elderly women’s depression in Tehran
zahra kashani Abdullah shafe abadi aboalfazl karamiThe aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of logo-therapy and Fordyce Happiness on reduction of elderly women’s depression in Tehran. For this reason elderly women who came to the Salamat House in region 1 and 12 of Tehran were chosen and tes MoreThe aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of logo-therapy and Fordyce Happiness on reduction of elderly women’s depression in Tehran. For this reason elderly women who came to the Salamat House in region 1 and 12 of Tehran were chosen and tested by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), they were 74 persons.Then 42 women were selected and placed randomly into tow experimental groups and one control group.One of the experimental groups was given 10 sessions logotherapy counseling and another experimental group was given 8 sessions Fordyce happiness training. The research design was pretest-posttest with control group. In order to analyze the collecting data, covariant and independent T tests were used.The results shows that: 1.The rate of depression in the group that had been consulted in logo-therapy sessions is significantly less than those that had not been in sessions. 2.The rate of depression in the group that had been taught Fordyce happiness is significantly less than those that had not been in sessions. 3.There is no significant difference between effectiveness of two approach: Logotherapy and Fordyce happiness Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
630 - The investigate and Position of Islamic Azad University on Students as well as Graduates Educated Women
parviz saeidiThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role and position of women education on employment and development. The research method is applied and of two procedures descriptive- survey. The subjects are senior female students of all fields and university graduates a MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role and position of women education on employment and development. The research method is applied and of two procedures descriptive- survey. The subjects are senior female students of all fields and university graduates as well. There were 1071 senior female students that 220 students were chosen as sample using Kerjcie and Morgan. There were also 2639 women graduates and the sample was 220 . The questionnaire that was used as a data gathering device was proved reliable using pre test and calculating alpha. Its validity proved acceptable considering the experts` opinions. The data was analyzed using the SPSS software and the research hypotheses were accepted at 95% level Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
631 - The role of John Begum Shiite
حانیه امینی ابوالحسن فیاض انوشچکیده [English] One of controversial and most volatile periods of the history of the Middle Iranian, Turkmen government in the ninth century AD, respectively. Turkmen's ruling era is needs attention and care in the sense that women especially of ruling family have had s Moreچکیده [English] One of controversial and most volatile periods of the history of the Middle Iranian, Turkmen government in the ninth century AD, respectively. Turkmen's ruling era is needs attention and care in the sense that women especially of ruling family have had special position and dignity in Iran. In this era, not only various social, political and cultural arenas were unfilled but in any of the mentioned circumstances and possibilities, women from the high and low class were active in community. One of khvatyn the index at this time, John Begum Khatun, wife Qaraquyunlu, Jahan in different areas, has had a significant presence .John Begum Khatun Shiite addition to the presence in the political, cultural affairs activities have obvious good name in history, has left Iran Therefore this analysis, description method examines the role of our Turkish Khatun Shah Jahan's reign examines the device key words: women's role, Turkmen, Gharagoyonlo, Ag-goyonlo Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
632 - Comparison of women social situation in three travelogues written during Naser-al-Din Shah monarchy (1848-1896)
sedighe bayat shahrbano delbari taherh azimzadeh yosef motevaliSocial situation of women was one of the considerable subjects for those who wrote books about their travels to Iran during Naser-al-Din Shah period. There was an increase in the number of travels between Iran the Europe in fifty years of Naser-al-Din Shah monarchy and MoreSocial situation of women was one of the considerable subjects for those who wrote books about their travels to Iran during Naser-al-Din Shah period. There was an increase in the number of travels between Iran the Europe in fifty years of Naser-al-Din Shah monarchy and Mary Sheil (wife of British minister of foreign affairs) and Eduard Jakob Polak (Austrian medicine) were two of people who travelled to Iran at that time. They wrote about their observations in Iran which contains valuable information of women situation during Naser-al-Din shah period because they had the opportunity to visit Mahd-e-Olia (shah's mother), Ezat-al-Dole (Shah's sister) and other court women. Naser-al-Din Shah was the first Iranian king who had three trips to the Europe and wrote books about his observations. What he wrote about physical properties of European women and their sexual features, motivates many researchers to explore this type of behavior. In the present research, we studied social-familial situation of Iranian women reflected in Sheil and Polak travelogues, and compared them with Naserl-al-Din Shah's observations in his west travelogue. This is done based on a descriptive-analytical method based on the original resources (Sheil, Polak and Naser-al-Din Shah). Results clarified that Polak's occupation (as a medicine) enabled him to represent more information about Iranian women situation. Sheil and Polak both considered social problems of Iranian women, however Naser-al-Din Shah rather focused on physical and sexual properties of women compared to their social situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
633 - Examining Three Historical Documents regarding the Trade of Women During the Qajar
BIZHAN Parvan maghsoodali SadeghiAbstract: In the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to MoreAbstract: In the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to pay off taxes, extreme poverty, and the lack of immunity for the Iranian society. At times, this took place while the authorities being indifferent and while at others, it was done with their aid and assistance. There were many causes that led to this situation or exacerbated it. In my opinion, the growing role of the government was arguably the most important of all, because governmental authorities and officials more and more took part in this type of trade. My focus in this paper will be examining three historical documents regarding the trading of women in the northern region of Khurasan. The following documents are considered official documents preserved by the Foreign Affairs Ministry of our country regarding the Qajar period, and this is the first time that they are being observed and examined publicly. The lack of social justice and rights of citizens of Iran during this period will become clear as we examine these documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
634 - The role of Mongol court women in transferring of power to Toluie clan
zahra afarinesh khaki reza shabani abdolhosein kalantari gholamhosein zargarnejadAfter Chanquiz's death in 624 AH/1227AD, his successors remained loyal to their father's will and under Oqtai's subordination preserved their unity, but after Oqtai's death in 638 lunar year (1240 AD), this political unity was ended. Gradually the temptation of achievin MoreAfter Chanquiz's death in 624 AH/1227AD, his successors remained loyal to their father's will and under Oqtai's subordination preserved their unity, but after Oqtai's death in 638 lunar year (1240 AD), this political unity was ended. Gradually the temptation of achieving power provoked Chanquiz's successors to enter the arena of competition. Afterwards the political events proceeded in a way that little by little power was evicted from Oquai Qan s clan and Manqu Qan , Toloie's son, achieved the position of thaneship. Investigating the role of women and the rate of their impression in this power removal is the main question of this paper. This research, using a descriptive and analytical sources, examines the role of women and their impact on the transition of power, which is the main question of this article. The findings of this study is the representative of this fact that women 's capacity and potentiality in utilizing intellectual diplomatic layout of Siurqoqtini, Toloie's wife and the recent Monqu Qan's mother , bore an important hand in the transmission of power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
635 - A study of the legal laws of Zoroastrian women in the first centuries AH,based on the text of the Pahlavi narrative
soheila kamjoo Zahra Hamedi Elham MalekzadehPahlavis narration is a text in Middle Persian with relatively extensive information from religious commentaries and the ritual of Zoroastrian religion is stated in it. The identity of the author and the exact date of writing the text are unknown. But given the specific MorePahlavis narration is a text in Middle Persian with relatively extensive information from religious commentaries and the ritual of Zoroastrian religion is stated in it. The identity of the author and the exact date of writing the text are unknown. But given the specific content and features of the text, it is almost certain that this writing dates back to the first centuries AH it has been written with the aim of explaining and protecting the teaching of Zoroastrianism. Based on the descriptive analytical method, the present study aims to investigate the situation of women in this Pahlavi text. And it seeks to answer the question of the legal status of Zoroastrian women in the first Islamic centuries according to the text of the Pahlavi narration, how wazs it?studies show that the achievements and legal independence of Sassnid women continue to be valid among Zoroastrian women in the first centuries AH,it was preserved and accepted in the context of womens family life they were not limited to their husbands.the research findings show that the author of the text to compel women to follow the code of the house with a relatively sharp tone in the form of jurisprudential religious injunctions, women have been assigned duties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
636 - The role and position of court women in the ottoman endowment system of the Ottoman Empire from the period magnificent of Suleiman to Abdelhamid ii
kobra shavandi AHMAD KAMRANIFAR mohammad reza baraniThe Ottoman Empire was one of the most stable Muslim states that ruled over the Islamic world for over six centuries and the culmination of its authority began in the time of Suleiman the Magnificent. In examining the power diagram, court women played a role in various MoreThe Ottoman Empire was one of the most stable Muslim states that ruled over the Islamic world for over six centuries and the culmination of its authority began in the time of Suleiman the Magnificent. In examining the power diagram, court women played a role in various developments as behind-the-scenes rulers in the form of the sultan's mother or a minor. Among these areas are endowments and charitable affairs. Waqf is an eternal legacy through which good deeds and public benefits continue in society. Examining the history of waqf in the Ottoman Empire without considering the role and status of women is incomplete research. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize the activity of court women as influential elements, to provide a clearer picture of the endowment system of that period. Religious tendencies and favorable economic influences of court women caused their social and religious presence in the phenomenon of waqf, especially in the period of Suleiman the Magnificent to the end of the reign of Abdul Hamid II. In this article, as a research issue, we will try to examine the extent of the influence of court women in the Ottoman endowment system according to the mentioned hypotheses. Findings indicate that the positive performance of women in the Ottoman court led to the strengthening and increasing development of the endowment system. The presented materials have been provided in a descriptive-analytical manner and by using valid scientific books and articles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
637 - social status of women In the transition from pre-Islam to Umayyads
mahmood rezvanikia Mohammadnabi Salim, Ahmad AshrafiAccording to historical evidences, women in pre-Islamic Arab society enjoyed the same status and rights as other women in ancient tribal societies. When the light of Islam shone on the Arab society, the ground was set for the promotion of the social status of women, but MoreAccording to historical evidences, women in pre-Islamic Arab society enjoyed the same status and rights as other women in ancient tribal societies. When the light of Islam shone on the Arab society, the ground was set for the promotion of the social status of women, but with the rise of the Umayyads, ignorant thoughts promoted and women were once again threatened and harmed by the patriarchal and traditional society.The present study is based on the hypothesis that "the revival of ethnic and pagan values in the Umayyad era was effective in changing the status of women from the ideal of Islam to the status of the pre-Islamic era" Historically valid to discuss how and why the revival of ethnic and pagan values in the Umayyad era and its impact on the status of women in the change from the ideal of Islam to the status of the pre-Islamic era.The result of the research shows that although Islam and were something beyond ethnic and tribal issues, but in the traditional Arab society, it was understood within the framework of tribal values and rules and became the basis of social, political and economic action. With the coming to power of the Umayyads, the pagan Arab prejudices became more apparent. The return of last era in aspects of Muslim life, especially the decline of women's status in society and the family due to the disruption of the deepening process of Islamic culture after the Prophet (PBUH) was one of its consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
638 - The development of Iranian women’s organizations in the second Pahlavi era
ziba ghahremani aliakbar khedrizadeh mehdi goljanWoman presence in tobacco national- religious movement and constitutional movement is the beginning of women activities in different social , cultural and political field. Even though this presence has been presumed very little owing to dominance of religious and tradit MoreWoman presence in tobacco national- religious movement and constitutional movement is the beginning of women activities in different social , cultural and political field. Even though this presence has been presumed very little owing to dominance of religious and tradition – oriented forces at the beginning of the Reza shah’s reign ,but by the implementacion of new policies by Reza shah and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi activities of this brigade got more solidavity in the shape of institutions and women’s organizations and involved wider dimention . how to form and the mode of institutions and women organization’s activity in the second Pahlavi era and its relationship. With the state is the issue that addressed in this study. This research , conducted in the context of historical study and review of sources such as newspapers and books, reveals that the members of institutions and women’s organizations often consisted of educated women who their most trying at first to improve living , educational and health of women and then to fix the legal in equality and obtaining women suffrage. Some of these formations for the benefit of the government. And some also acted along to humour party needs or special population and have influenced the events of that period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
639 - Harem role in the foreign policy of the Safavids
anvar khalandi kaivan shafei masumeh dorsarHarem had always played a social and political roles throughout the history of Iran and generally had influenced the political structure of the country. And also, in the Safavid period, the Harem interfered in the Internal and foreign policy of the country. This article MoreHarem had always played a social and political roles throughout the history of Iran and generally had influenced the political structure of the country. And also, in the Safavid period, the Harem interfered in the Internal and foreign policy of the country. This article wants to clear the rates of impact and interference of harem on the foreign policy of the Safavids, a problem that can be studied as one of the raised canon on the act of decision making on the foreign policy of the Safavids. The findings of our research shown that in this period the role of Harem in the foreign policy of the Safavids was in Ups and downs condition. Before Shah Abbas I the Harem had little interference in foreign policy in compared with the period before him. But because of the king's new policy on keeping and upbringing the princes in the harem, after him, a hidden center of power that was composed of women and eunuchs had been formed within the harem in which had important role in decision-making and relevant issues on the foreign policy of the Safavids.The research method in this article is based on analytical- descriptive method and the way of data collecting is Libraries method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
640 - Historical Understanding of the Position of Women in the Timurid Court according to Clavijo's Itinerary
leila mohammadiIdentifying developments, changes, and continuities of women's status is an important indicator for understanding the social status of women in a society and representing and disseminating their values and social status throughout history.Itineraries are important sourc MoreIdentifying developments, changes, and continuities of women's status is an important indicator for understanding the social status of women in a society and representing and disseminating their values and social status throughout history.Itineraries are important sources of understanding one society’s political, social, economic, and cultural history. The evaluation of social relations in a society is one of the most important issues for itinerary writers; this, apart from gender bias, provides a clear picture of daily lives of women and their experiences that are neglected in most sources and texts. The itineraries from Timurid period provide important information about social history especially about women of harem.The purpose of this study is to assess social status of women of Timurid dynasty according to Clavijo itinerary. The preset study, thus, seeks to understand and visualize the social status, considerations, and conditions of women in the Timurid court. The main question of the present study is: how was the social status of women of Tmurid dynasty? This study is a descriptive-analytical one and the data are collected from library sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
641 - The Impact of Women's Organizations and Associations on Promoting the Status of Women in Qajar Society
Fatemeh Mahbob AliAsghar Davoudi Hamid saeedijavadiDuring the Qajar period, women in traditional and patriarchal societies had the lowest level of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West rela MoreDuring the Qajar period, women in traditional and patriarchal societies had the lowest level of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West relations led some intellectual and progressive women to think about the realization of women's rights in this traditional and religious environment. To this end, women established several educational and civic institutions, such as girls' schools and women's associations and publications, to educate women and work for their rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women's associations and organizations in promoting the status of women in Qajar society. To this end, the question arises that what effect did women's associations and organizations have on the promotion of the status of women in the Qajar period? The hypothesis is that these associations and organizations improved the social and political status of women at this time by raising awareness, changing attitudes and identifying women. The research shows that these associations have increased the awareness, change the attitude and demand of a large number of women by establishing several girls' schools, holding meetings and gatherings, establishing a magazine and raising awareness among women and have provided the conditions and Introduction for their entry into the community. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected in a library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
642 - The employment of women of northern Khorasan tribes in the Pahlavi period, based on oral history
omolbanin Rahimi Amir Akbari Omid Sephri RadThe employment of women of northern Khorasan tribes in the Pahlavi period, based on oral historyWomen's employment throughout history is one of the issues about which there is little knowledge. With the tools of interview and oral history, this deficiency can be solved MoreThe employment of women of northern Khorasan tribes in the Pahlavi period, based on oral historyWomen's employment throughout history is one of the issues about which there is little knowledge. With the tools of interview and oral history, this deficiency can be solved at least one or two centuries ago. The source of these tools are old people who are still alive and dynamically living around us.According to these living sources, the activity of women in North Khorasan has been a confirmation of their activity for centuries in the field of work outside and family life, and despite the fact that their active presence at home and perhaps throughout history has been ignored. They are the inheritors of activities that have continued until now and have covered all areas of people's lives in this region. Animal husbandry, agriculture, spinning and weaving were among the occupations of women in this region. This article tries to deal with the efforts and employment of women in North Khorasan (villagers and nomads).Key words: women, North Khorasan, employment, weaving Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
643 - The Impact of Women's Associations and Organizations on Promoting the Status of Women in Qajar Society
Fateme Mahbob Aliasghar davoodi Hamid Saeedi Javadisocial, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West relations led some intellectual and progressive women to think about the realization of women's righ Moresocial, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the Constitutional Revolution and the spread of feminist ideas as a result of the expansion of Iran-West relations led some intellectual and progressive women to think about the realization of women's rights in this traditional and religious environment. To this end, women established several educational and civic institutions, such as girls' schools and women's associations and publications, to educate women and work for their rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women's associations and organizations in promoting the status of women in Qajar society. To this end, the question arises that what effect did women's associations and organizations have on the promotion of the status of women in the Qajar period? The hypothesis is that these associations and organizations improved the social and political status of women at this time by raising awareness, changing attitudes and identifying women. The research shows that these associations have increased the awareness, change the attitude and demand of a large number of women by establishing several girls' schools, holding meetings and gatherings, establishing a magazine and raising awareness among women and have provided the conditions and Introduction for their entry into the community. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected in a library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
644 - Analysis and impact of the Achaemenid Empire economy on the legal status of women in Parsa state during the era of Darius I (486-522 BC) based on the tablets of the Persepolis wall
soheila kamjoo amir akbariThe legal position of women and their presence in production and construction activities is one of the most effective components of social development. In this regard, the tablets of the ramparts of Persepolis contain interesting points about the legal status of women i MoreThe legal position of women and their presence in production and construction activities is one of the most effective components of social development. In this regard, the tablets of the ramparts of Persepolis contain interesting points about the legal status of women in Parse state during the era of Darius I Achaemenid. The present study, relying on the analytical descriptive method and using archeological evidence and surviving documents, examines the impact of the economy of the Achaemenid Empire on the legal status of women in the Parsa state during the era of Darius I Achaemenid, and seeks to answer the question that the economy of the empire in What effect has this age had on the legal status of women in Parse state? The findings of the research show the influence of the legal status of women in Parse state on the economic conditions and financial policies in the era of Darius I Achaemenid, which had an impact on the legal beliefs towards women and brought new conditions in terms of citizenship rights for women. In the sense that In the process of economic growth and income distribution, the women of Parse state found a strong motivation for economic participation in royal projects and engaged in productive activities alongside men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
645 - The Impact of Women's Organizations and Associations on Promoting the Status of Women in Society (Qajar )
Fatemeh Mahboob AliAsghar Davoudi Hamid saeedijavadiDuring the Qajar period, women in a traditional and patriarchal society had the least amount of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the constitutional revolution and the expansion of relations between Iran and the West caused some intellectu MoreDuring the Qajar period, women in a traditional and patriarchal society had the least amount of social, economic, cultural and political rights. Factors such as the constitutional revolution and the expansion of relations between Iran and the West caused some intellectual and progressive women to think of asserting women's rights in this traditional and religious environment. For this purpose, women started to establish educational and civic institutions such as girls' schools, associations and women's publications in order to inform women and work for their rights. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women's associations in promoting the status of women in Qajar society. To this end, the question arises that what effect did women's associations have on the promotion of the status of women in the Qajar period? The current research has proposed the hypothesis that these associations improved the social and political status of women through the development of awareness, change of attitude and giving identity to women. The results of the research show that these associations, by establishing several girls' schools, creating meetings and gatherings, and establishing a publication, have increased the number of literates, increased awareness, changed the attitude and demands of a large number of women, and have provided the prerequisites and conditions for their entry into society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
646 - Historical Understanding of the Position of Women in the Timurid Court according to Clavijo's Itinerary(corrected)
leila mohammadiHistorical Understanding of the Position of Women in the Timurid Court according to Clavijo's ItineraryAbstractItineraries are important sources of understanding one society’s political, social, economic, and cultural history. The evaluation of social relations in MoreHistorical Understanding of the Position of Women in the Timurid Court according to Clavijo's ItineraryAbstractItineraries are important sources of understanding one society’s political, social, economic, and cultural history. The evaluation of social relations in a society is one of the most important issues for itinerary writers; this, apart from gender bias, provides a clear picture of daily lives of women and their experiences that are neglected in most sources and texts. The itineraries from Timurid period provide important information about social history especially about women of harem.The purpose of this study is to assess social status of women of Timurid dynasty according to Clavijo itinerary. The preset study, thus, seeks to understand and visualize the social status, considerations, and conditions of women in the Timurid court. The main question of the present study is: how was the social status of women of Tmurid dynasty? This study is a descriptive-analytical one and the data are collected from library sources Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
647 - Survey of Position of Woman in family institution of Sasanian Period
Karim Golshani RadIn sasanied period,zoroastrianism identified frame work of relations between all members of family . father as kad khoda or leader of family was in head . all family members should obey from he. The lower of the rank, was woman or kadbanw .she was obliged to do wo MoreIn sasanied period,zoroastrianism identified frame work of relations between all members of family . father as kad khoda or leader of family was in head . all family members should obey from he. The lower of the rank, was woman or kadbanw .she was obliged to do works of inside the house , supervision from children and other familiy members, and participate in Economy of family includig workin family farms and kept animals. Because the family system in sassanied period was based on patriarchy , women must be obedient to her husband, but woman in family had authority such:when marriage they asked opinion of girl and they couldn’t toforce to marry off she , she could do Economice activities, she received inheritance from family she could be leader of house when her husband death and woman could diverce from her husband . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
648 - Examining Three Historical Documents regarding the Trade of Women during the Qajar Period in Northern Khurasan
maghsoodali sadeghi bijan parvanIn the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to pay off ta MoreIn the history of Iran and during the time of the Qajar dynasty, one of the phenomena that threatened the social immunity of the Iranian society was the trade of women from the low classes of society. This was done for a number of reasons, namely inability to pay off taxes, extreme poverty, and the lack of immunity for the Iranian society. At times, this took place while the authorities being indifferent and while at others, it was done with their aid and assistance. There were many causes that led to this situation or exacerbated it. In my opinion, the growing role of the government was arguably the most important of all, because governmental authorities and officials more and more took part in this type of trade. My focus in this paper will be examining three historical documents regarding the trading of women in the northern region of Khurasan. The following documents are considered official documents preserved by the Foreign Affairs Ministry of our country regarding the Qajar period, and this is the first time that they are being observed and examined publicly. The lack of social justice and rights of citizens of Iran during this period will become clear as we examine these documents. The manifestation of this issue in northern Khurasan is only a small sample of the unjust situation that existed regarding this issue during those times throughout the whole country; an issue that is referred to as human trafficking or the trade of humans in this day and age. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
649 - The Situation of Women Journals in 1331
Mohamad Kalhor Maryam Haji Bagher NajarThis research is considered as a difficult and original one which is about the socio-political participations of Iranian women. Most of them were influenced in the field of writing and journals. This article studies 12 publications that they are referred to the approach MoreThis research is considered as a difficult and original one which is about the socio-political participations of Iranian women. Most of them were influenced in the field of writing and journals. This article studies 12 publications that they are referred to the approach of women during the second year of Mosaddegh's prime minister in 1331 showing the penetration of socio-political evolutions regarding the events such as 30thTir and the 09thEsfand of same year. The methodology is descriptive-statistical and then all consequences are presented in one table with their statistical analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
650 - Sociological and Political Explanation of the Factors Affecting Female Infidelity in the Family
javad darvish Mansur Haghighatian seyed naser hejaziThe purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between cyberspace and the tendency of women to betray men in the family. This research was conducted in terms of the type of applied research and from the point of view of descriptive-analytical research method w MoreThe purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between cyberspace and the tendency of women to betray men in the family. This research was conducted in terms of the type of applied research and from the point of view of descriptive-analytical research method with data collection technique. The statistical population of this study is those who refer to Behravan Counseling Center about family problems caused by virtual social networks. To calculate the sample size, according to Morgan's table, a sample size of 300 people was selected. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. To determine the correct sampling method from the statistical population, a systematic random sampling method was used. The results show that there is a relationship between the lifestyle of members in virtual social networks (under mobile) and addiction to virtual social networks, immoral content, the normalization of marital infidelity, etc. in social networks under mobile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
651 - Sociological Explanation of the Political Participation of Bakhtiari Lur and Arab Women (A Case Study of Khuzestan Province, 2019)
Sirus Hosseinpour Mohammed Hussain Poryani Hossein AjdaryzadehWomen have had a significant role in social changes, particularly political participation, in post-revolution Iran. In this regard, this study aims to achieve the sociological explanation of the political participation of Bakhtiari Lur and Arab women in Khuzestan provin MoreWomen have had a significant role in social changes, particularly political participation, in post-revolution Iran. In this regard, this study aims to achieve the sociological explanation of the political participation of Bakhtiari Lur and Arab women in Khuzestan province in 2019. The study design was descriptive-correlational. The questionnaire was used, the validity and reliability of which were approved under the supervision of experts and Cronbach’s alpha test (0.77), respectively. The population included female citizens over 18 years old and the sample size was calculated 584 based on Cochran’s formula and simple random sampling. The data analysis showed that the mean of the political participation of Bakhtiari Lor women (39.72) was more than Arab women (32.01). Furthermore, the tendency towards political participation among single women (35.01) was more than married women (33.10). Finally, considering the ethnic groups, Bakhtiari Lor women (33.56) had more tendency towards political participation compared with Arab women (27.15). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
652 - Nationalism and the women's movement in Egypt 1914-1953
Mostafa Chamani Moghadam Mohamad Nabi Salim MirzaMohammad HasaniMostafa Chamani Moghadam,[1], Mohamad NabiSalim,[2]* MirzaMohammad Hasani[3] Abstract: At the Beginning of the 20th century, following the activism of women and the rise of nationalism in developing countries, Egyptian women sought to gain some of their social rights. MoreMostafa Chamani Moghadam,[1], Mohamad NabiSalim,[2]* MirzaMohammad Hasani[3] Abstract: At the Beginning of the 20th century, following the activism of women and the rise of nationalism in developing countries, Egyptian women sought to gain some of their social rights. From 1914 to 1953, the spread of modernist and nationalist ideas played a major role in the development of these societies. Relying on a descriptive-analytical method, this study answers the question of how nationalism in Egypt has influenced the emergence and trend of the women's movement. Findings show that nationalism and the struggle against colonialism and tyranny paved the way for women to enter society, but despite the participation of women, they were not given the rights demanded by women and as a result, women's social rights were pursued in other ways. The women's movement was completely dependent on the political and social dynamics of the majority and influenced by Eastern and Western ideologies. But the ability of Egyptian women to establish a moderate organization and practice led to their relative success. [1].Ph.D student,,Depatrment of History,Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood , Iran [2]A.ssistant Professor,Depatrment of History,Islamic Azad University,Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran, Corresponding Author [3].Assistant Professor,Depatrment of History,Islamic Azad University,Shahrood Branch, Shahrood,Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
653 - Women's Political Ideological Participation in political development in Iranian Contemporary History
Mohammadreza Alimardani Alireza AzghandiMohammadreza ALIMARDANI[1] Alireza AZGHANDI[2] Abstract By examining the political and social developments in Iran, it is impossible to determine the broad scope of political participation for women. In this sense, the main question of this study would be to know MoreMohammadreza ALIMARDANI[1] Alireza AZGHANDI[2] Abstract By examining the political and social developments in Iran, it is impossible to determine the broad scope of political participation for women. In this sense, the main question of this study would be to know what are the obstacles to the participation of women? In response, it must be said that women’s political participation in political development is affected by the social, political and economic structure. The social, political and economic structure is a male structure; For this reason, it ideologically reproduces the participation of women and identifies women as dependent and passive variables. In fact, through the approach of Structuralist Marxism, we want to show that “the role of women as a behavior which influences or intends to influence the results of government” is wrong. This study examines and critiques the political participation of women in the development process in three periods: Qajar, Pahlavi and Republic Islamic of Iran. [1]- PHD Student in Political Science, Faculty of Low, Theology and Political Science, Branch of Olum Tahghighat, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran mralimardani29@gmail.com [2]- Full Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Low, Theology and Political Science, Branch of Olum Tahghighat, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding Auteur) alirezaazghandi@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
654 - Identify solutions to overcome barriers to women's job improvement in governmental organizations(Case Study: Tax Qazvin)
Zohreh Maleki Mohammad AtaeeThe present study aimed at identify ways to remove barriers to women’s job development in governmental organizations. Variables of this research include develop organizational justice, training courses for Learning management skills, Strengthen self confidence, St MoreThe present study aimed at identify ways to remove barriers to women’s job development in governmental organizations. Variables of this research include develop organizational justice, training courses for Learning management skills, Strengthen self confidence, Strengthen risk-taking, presence of informal communication networks, participation of women in decision-making and women’s job development. The present research was functional in terms of purpose. The data was gathered using questionnaire and simple random sampling of questionnaire and field approach. The sample population in this study consisted of all female employees State Tax Organization of Qazvin and about 123 acceptable samples was collected. The data analysis was done using Chi-Square test and one-sample t-test in SPSS software . The results show that there is a significant relationship between develop organizational justice, training courses for Learning management skills, Strengthen self confidence, Strengthen risk-taking, presence of informal communication networks, participation of women in decision-making and women’s career development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
655 - The Relationship between Social Conformity and Independence in Judgment
Shohreh Ghorban ShiroodiWomen as the basic and original elements of society , have very determine roles in motivation , jumpings and personality formation and social behavior in&nb MoreWomen as the basic and original elements of society , have very determine roles in motivation , jumpings and personality formation and social behavior in their own society. The search has been done for studing the relation between exciting intelligence, understanding sress and satisfaction of marriage with the quality of life and the obstinacy of married women in tonekaboon small province . Present search is a correlation study and 120 members of married women have been selected with the method of multi – stage random duster sampling. The instruments of seach consist of shrink ’s exciting intelligence questionnaires , kohn’s understanding stress and Intich’s satisfaction of marriage. These ins truments are used for assessing the quality of life with assessment scale , the quality of life in universal health organization ad obstinacy of log and Goust and they all are analyzed cvith statistical method of pearsonioan correlation – focal correlation with Spss statistical softwares , and final result is shown that there is a relationship between exciting intelligence, understanding sress and obstinacy of married women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
656 - The prediction of Marital Satisfaction based on Time Perspective, Inferiority Feelings, Sexual Anxiety in women with uterine diseases
Somaye Samadi Reza IlbeigyThis study aimed To investigate the prediction of Marital Satisfaction based on Time Perspective, Inferiority Feelings, Sexual Anxiety in women with uterine diseases. The descriptive- correlation method was used. The statistical population consisted of all the married f MoreThis study aimed To investigate the prediction of Marital Satisfaction based on Time Perspective, Inferiority Feelings, Sexual Anxiety in women with uterine diseases. The descriptive- correlation method was used. The statistical population consisted of all the married female with uterine diseases in Mashhad in spring of 2022. In this study, according to convenience sampling method, 223 married women with uterine diseases were selected as samples and they were asked to fill in the Time Perspective Inventory of Zimbardo (1999), feeling of inferiority scale of Dixon & strano (1990), Sexual self-concept of Snell (1995) and marital satisfaction scale Enrich of Olson, Fournier & Druckman (1987). The data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. SPSS-23 software was used for data analysis. Findings showed that there was a negative significant correlation between Inferiority Feelings, Sexual Anxiety and Marital satisfaction also there was positive significant correlation between Past negative and Present fatalistic with Marital satisfaction, in women with uterine diseases. Regression analyses also revealed that %40/4 of variance of Marital Satisfaction was explained by Inferiority Feelings, Sexual Anxiety and Past negative (p< 0.01). Considering the effect of life experiences and physical and mental illnesses on marital satisfaction, it is suggested to pay attention to this important issue in developing couple therapy programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
657 - Analysis of family transformations based on women's and men's constructions of these transformations in the transition process of their joint life
Shahnaz Bakhtyari Hossain Abolhasan Tanhaee Mohamad Mehdi Labibi Massam MousaaeiThis Research was a descriptive and analytical study that was conducted with the aim of understanding the active constructions of the joint life of men and women from family transformations in the transition process of their joint life. The implementation method was qua MoreThis Research was a descriptive and analytical study that was conducted with the aim of understanding the active constructions of the joint life of men and women from family transformations in the transition process of their joint life. The implementation method was qualitative and implemented with the help of grounded theory strategy. Based on this method, the researcher collected the required information by referring directly to the participants and analyzed it during the coding process. The statistical population was selected from all the married employees of the free universities of Tehran. The required samples were selected with the help of targeted and accessible sampling. Finally, according to the logic of theoretical saturation, the final sample was determined to be 17 people. The data collection tool was a qualitative interview with open and semi-structured questions. Strauss and Corbin's open, central and selective reasoning was used for data analysis. The analysis of the data showed that the causes of family transformations in the transition process of their joint lives were stated by the couples to be the displacement of the values of the couple and the family and positive and negative external impulses that in the unpredictability and situation- variables occur; However, intervenors such as the quality of privacy within the family were added to the cause. In facing these impulses, couples used different strategies such as future-oriented understanding of the situation, interactive participation, and child-oriented time management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
658 - Women's personality With an Adaptive Approach to Artistic and Islamic Culture
Zohreh OleiaeyeeThe purpose of the present research is to investigate the female character with an adaptive approach in art and Islamic culture. The way a subjective image of a woman is portrayed , determines the type of the behavior of society with her, So, this paper… paper us MoreThe purpose of the present research is to investigate the female character with an adaptive approach in art and Islamic culture. The way a subjective image of a woman is portrayed , determines the type of the behavior of society with her, So, this paper… paper uses a Content analysis method to study the female character of Islamic art and Islamic culture with a comparative approach. And seeking to introduce the true personality of a woman in Islamic culture in order to secure and maintain the identity, dignity of a Muslim woman. The findings indicate that women have often been involved in most of the past and some of the contemporary works of their beloved, beautiful and ornamental motifs, and are more concerned with the embodiment of physical pleasure and beauty. And with a patriarchal vision, attributes like foolishness and disloyalty have been attributed to her. in some contemporary works, she has been described as a gorgeous gorge and a creature of wisdom and an effective member of society. while while in the Islamic culture, women have been portrayed as chaste, with dignity and generous who preserve the Islamic values and have an important role in the happiness or misery of the society and can participate……. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
659 - Reasons and explanations of Mashhadian girls and women of their choice and form of coverage
Gholamreza sadig Mostafa ganizadhWomen’s coverage as a social choice has a historical significance in Iranian society This case has been discussed in recent years. The purpose of the present study has been to find out the Mashhadi women and girls’ reasons in their selectio MoreWomen’s coverage as a social choice has a historical significance in Iranian society This case has been discussed in recent years. The purpose of the present study has been to find out the Mashhadi women and girls’ reasons in their selection of their coverage. achieve this goal, the methodology of grounded theory has been used. In this study , 29 Mashhadian women were interviewed. The results are presented in the form of three impressions titled: The spectrum of Women's Coverage, Women's Subjective Principles on Coverage, and Discrepancy in the Meaning of Coverage. This article explains the most influential cases in women 's personal choices such as Personal favorites, Spouse's comments, Media Influence, Autonomous fashion, Recreational requirements, being attractive for men, etc. and also social factors and women's mentality about their coverage and others, and it has been shown that there is no fixed norm or no common overlapping mentality. This can lead to many social issues. It was also found that women had two types of mental principles about their coverage. Bringing some nakedness to the ground and concealing reasons or causes for being worn. And some other bringing worn to the ground and concealing reasons or causes for reducing their coverage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
660 - Identification and Priories of social factors affecting women's job satisfaction (Case Study women employed In Ministry of Education Eslamabad Gharb)
Ali Moradi Laila DastghaibOne of the issues studied by social science thinkers is the study of dissatisfaction among various sections of society, especially working women. This study investigates the social factors affecting the life satisfaction of women working in education in Eslam Abad-e-Gha MoreOne of the issues studied by social science thinkers is the study of dissatisfaction among various sections of society, especially working women. This study investigates the social factors affecting the life satisfaction of women working in education in Eslam Abad-e-Gharb. The method of this research is applied and due to the Due to the quantitative nature of the study the survey method has been used. The statistical population of women working in education of Eslam Abad-e-Gharb city in 1398 was 1790 people. Using Cochran sampling formula, 384 people were studied by simple random sampling method using a questionnaire. Formal validity was used for the validity of the research instrument and Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and statistical tests such as Pearson correlation and multiple Were conducted. The results show that the variables of feeling of security (r = 0.226), social justice (r = 0.450) and the level of trust (r = 0.216) had a significant effect on life satisfaction of women working in education in West Islamabad. the results of the coefficient of determination show that the above three variables together could explain 0.42% of the changes of the dependent variable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
661 - Investigating the influential factors in the success of women's entrepreneurial business in Tehran
Zahra Hashemzadeh Forouzan nazanin malakieanThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the success of entrepreneurial women's business in Tehran. The statistical population of this study is women entrepreneurs who are active in various economic and social fields. Using the Cochran's MoreThe main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the success of entrepreneurial women's business in Tehran. The statistical population of this study is women entrepreneurs who are active in various economic and social fields. Using the Cochran's formula and Morgan's table, 300 people were identified as sample sizes. In terms of design, the research is a survey-applied type and is based on descriptive-correlational as well as exploratory methods. The required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the indicators and conceptual model. The findings show that there is a significant relationship between risk-taking, success, ideation, pragmatism and women's entrepreneurship development. Also, the results of Friedman test show that the risk variability (risk-taking) (14.6) and pragmatism (being result-oriented) (12. have the highest average), the highest average and the lowest average are related to the of Ideation (mental ideation) (10.2) and success (need for success) (1.8). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
662 - Investigation of the role of self-care dimensions in parenting self-efficacy in women referring to eastern health centers
Simin Zaghibi Confectionery Cyrus Alipour Sahar Baranian The mother's feelings of parenting ability are titled "maternal self-efficacy" that affects maternal actions. This research plans to Investigation of the role of self-care dimensions in parenting self-efficacy in women referring to Ahvaz health More The mother's feelings of parenting ability are titled "maternal self-efficacy" that affects maternal actions. This research plans to Investigation of the role of self-care dimensions in parenting self-efficacy in women referring to Ahvaz health centers. In order to proposed model study, 381 women referring to 4 health centers of Ahvaz city in the year 2016 were selected by stage random sampling method and completed the Mindful Self-Care Scale and the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale. Gathered data were analyzed by using SPSS-21 software. The results of this study showed that self-care dimensions accounted for 40% of maternal self-efficacy variable variance. The most important predictors of maternal self-efficacy included environmental self-care, medicine and mindfulness. These findings make it clear that, despite the experience and parenting education, physical health and mental relaxation have an impact on a mother ability to perform her duties, and these have a significant share. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
663 - A comparison of the effectiveness of reality therapy and existential therapy on the psychological well-being of women with breast cancer
somayeh Afsharpour Ali Aqdasi< p >Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and existential therapy on the psychological well-being of women with breast cancer. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control gro More< p >Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and existential therapy on the psychological well-being of women with breast cancer. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group and random assignment. The statistical population of the study included women with breast cancer in Khoy city in the first nine months 2018. The subjects were selected by purposeful sampling from the Khoy Shahid Madani Hospital undergoing surgery and chemotherapy. After completing the psychological well-being scale with random assignment in control (n = 12) and experimental (n = 12) groups. They were assigned. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two treatment modalities (reality therapy and existential therapy) in post-test dimensions such as Independence, self acceptance, environmental mastery, positive relationship with others, goal pursuit in life, and personal growth (P> 0.05). Thus, it is concluded that both reality therapy and existential therapy have the same effect on enhancing psychological well-being and can be used as a complement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
664 - Sexual schemas and sexual satisfaction in fertile and infertile women
Raziyeh Jamaati Ardakani Roya Barzegari Najmeh Nasirpour Majid SoleymaniOne of the basic needs of every person and an important aspect of cohabitation between couples is sexual need and the quality of its satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison and relationship between sexual schema and sexual satisfaction MoreOne of the basic needs of every person and an important aspect of cohabitation between couples is sexual need and the quality of its satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparison and relationship between sexual schema and sexual satisfaction in fertile and infertile women in Yazd city. This study is a causal-comparative and correlational study in which 273 fertile and infertile women who referred to the mother hospital in Yazd city. They voluntarily responded to women's schema and sexual satisfaction questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed with the SPSS software. Levene’s test was used for testing equality/homogeneity of variance. Independent t test and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient were used for assessing the significance of the research hypotheses at a p value of lower than.The results showed no significant difference between fertile and infertile women in terms of sexual schemas. However, there was a significant difference between the mean score of sexual satisfaction in fertile women and the mean score of sexual satisfaction in infertile women. There was also a significant relationship between the components of sexual schemas (passionate/romantic and honest/comfortable) on the one hand and sexual satisfaction on the other in fertile and infertile women. The results of simultaneous regression analysis showed that Passionate – Romantic and Open - Direct schema can predict the sexual satisfaction of women. According to the present study, women wich have positive sexual schemas are more satisfied with their marital relationships due to their intimacy, openness and comfort. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
665 - The relationship between glass ceiling with a sense of empowerment of female employees
Somayeh Latifi fariba karimiThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between glass ceiling with a sense of empowerment of Azad University Branch female employees. The study conducted in correlational method. The study population consisted of all female employees at Azad Univer MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between glass ceiling with a sense of empowerment of Azad University Branch female employees. The study conducted in correlational method. The study population consisted of all female employees at Azad University Branch, which includes 110 female individuals. Samples size based on Cochran formula were calculated 75 people, whom were selected by simple random sampling. The data collection tool for the empowerment of Spritzer (1995) and a questionnaire was made the glass ceiling. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved. Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient calculated 82.0, 84.0 in order. Analysis of data using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression were conducted. The results showed that there was relationship between glass ceiling with a sense of Empowerment and its components, independence, effectiveness and trust. There was a significant inverse relationship between the individual components of the glass ceiling and the competence of the sense of empowerment, Family barriers with a sense of empowerment and competence, cultural barriers and component of trust, social barriers with a sense of empowerment and its components independence, efficiency, effectiveness and trust. The results of regression indicated that family barriers were predictability of a sense of empowerment of employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
666 - A comparative study of the effectiveness of reality therapy and existential therapy on the resilience of women with breast cancer
Somayye Afsharpour Alinaghi AghdasiThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and existential therapy on the resilience of women with breast cancer. This study was A quasi-experimental one with pre-test and post-test and control group. The statistical population of the stud MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and existential therapy on the resilience of women with breast cancer. This study was A quasi-experimental one with pre-test and post-test and control group. The statistical population of the study included women with breast cancer in Khoy city in the first nine months of 2018. In the first stage, the subjects were selected by purposive sampling from Shahid Madani Khoy Hospital who had undergone surgery and chemotherapy. After completing the resilience scale, they were randomly divided into two groups of control (n = 12) and experimental (n = 12). The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results of this study showed that reality therapy and existential therapy have increased resilience and its components. Also, the effectiveness of reality therapy on resilience and its components has been more than existential therapy. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that reality therapy and existential therapy increase resilience in women with breast cancer, and its effect is more in reality therapy than existential therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
667 - Designing a Growth Pattern for Small and Medium Businesses of Iranian Women (Case Study of Selected Provinces)
Shahla Salouneh Parviz Saketi Katayun PurmahdiSmall & Medium-sized Enterprises growth has been taken into consideration by many academia and policymakers as a research area in recent years. This study aims to determine factors influencing growth of women-led SMEs. This study adopts Sequential Exploratory Mixed MoreSmall & Medium-sized Enterprises growth has been taken into consideration by many academia and policymakers as a research area in recent years. This study aims to determine factors influencing growth of women-led SMEs. This study adopts Sequential Exploratory Mixed Methods (integrating quantitative and qualitative data) Design. In first step we studied factors affecting growth of women-led SMEs, in this regard, a sample of experts in women-led SMEs and marketing (N = 15) was selected and interviewed with Semi-structured method in 5 provinces of Iran (Guilan, Khorasan, Markazi, Kerman and Kordestan). The contents of the interviews were analyzed in three stages of Coding (open, axial, selective). At the end of qualitative research, a questionnaire was designed based on the key concepts. In the second step (i.e., quantitative part) a sample of 55 women-led SMEs from west of the country was examined through random sampling method. Based on the findings of the study, the Conceptual Model dimensions were appreciated by experts and entrepreneurs from the descriptive aspect. Additionally, analyses of main purposes of this study revealed that a set of factors including entrepreneurial competencies, market growth strategies, business models, the role of government, and cultural and political factors, influences growth of women-led enterprises Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
668 - The mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between perfectionism and sexual satisfaction in married female teachers in Sirjan
Eshrat Karimi Afshar Mojtaba Jahanshahi NasabThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between perfectionism and sexual satisfaction in married female teachers in Sirjan. The research method is correlation based on the purpose and in the research design, anal MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of social anxiety in the relationship between perfectionism and sexual satisfaction in married female teachers in Sirjan. The research method is correlation based on the purpose and in the research design, analysis of covariance matrix (structural equation model analysis) was used. The statistical population was all married female teachers in Sirjan in 2020 that 300 people were selected as a sample by stratified random sampling. Subjects completed the questionnaires of social anxiety (Jarabak, 1996), perfectionism (Hamchak, 1987), and sexual satisfaction (Yavari Kermani, 2007). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling using SPSS 23 and PLS software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between perfectionism and sexual satisfaction with the mediating role of social anxiety. There is a significant relationship between perfectionism and sexual satisfaction, perfectionism and social anxiety and there is a significant relationship between social anxiety and sexual satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
669 - Comparison of Metacognitive Beliefs, Satisfaction Feeling, Self-Efficacy and Sense of Mental coherence between Satisfaction and Conflicting women
Fariba Khani Asghar AghaeiBy identifying the factors affecting marital satisfaction, practical steps can be taken to strengthen and stabilize the family's foundations and plan to reduce injuries and problems between women. This study aimed to compare metacognitive beliefs, satisfaction, self-eff MoreBy identifying the factors affecting marital satisfaction, practical steps can be taken to strengthen and stabilize the family's foundations and plan to reduce injuries and problems between women. This study aimed to compare metacognitive beliefs, satisfaction, self-efficacy and sense of mental coherence of satisfaction women and conflicting women. The statistical population of the study included all women who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan in February 2016. Among them, 150 satisfaction and conflicted women were selected by available sampling . Data were collected using a metacognitive questionnaire, self-efficacy questionnaire, marital satisfaction questionnaire, sense of mental coherence questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA). The results showed that the difference between the mean scores of metacognitive beliefs, marital satisfaction, self-efficacy and sense of mental coherence in the two groups of women with marital conflict and teams with joy was significant (p <0.05). Marital conflicts affect women the most and affect metacognitive beliefs, feelings of satisfaction, self-efficacy and sense of mental coherence in women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
670 - The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Internalized Shame of Abused Women
Parisa Amini Ramzan HasanzadehIll-parented women are at risk Among vulnerable group and they have critical problems in some domains such as social, emotional and economic. Yet little has been written about the Internalized shame as one of their big problems. The aim of this study was to evaluat MoreIll-parented women are at risk Among vulnerable group and they have critical problems in some domains such as social, emotional and economic. Yet little has been written about the Internalized shame as one of their big problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on internalized shame in Ill-parented women. In this study which was a Quasi-Experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group, the sample group was selected by available sampling method from women referred to Tehran’s NGO. Therefore 30 female subjects were chosen randomly and assigned to two control & experimental groups (each with 15 subjects) and were evaluated based on Internalized Shame of women under the Mehr association of Tehran. To assess Internalized Shame, Cook's Internalized Shame Questionnaire was used respectively in pre-test and post-test. The experimental group experienced the treatment based on commitment and acceptance therapy and the control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed by analysis of Covariance. The results emphasize the importance of this intervention in internalized shame and provide an effective treatment for clinical interventions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
671 - Predicting the mental health of women employed in political and non-political Governmental Organizations based on gender role schemas
Samaneh Shaterzadeh Yazdi Majid Tavasoliroknabadi Seyyed Hossein AthariIntroduction: Employment of women in occupations with masculine gender stereotypes, in addition to multiple social roles due to inadequacy with feminine gender schemas has been associated with increased anxiety in women, which can endanger their mental health.Methods: T MoreIntroduction: Employment of women in occupations with masculine gender stereotypes, in addition to multiple social roles due to inadequacy with feminine gender schemas has been associated with increased anxiety in women, which can endanger their mental health.Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 494 women employed in political (114) and non-political (380) governmental organizations in Mashhad in the years 1398-97 by census and cluster random sampling method, respectively. Data collection tools were Bem Sex Role Inventory and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis.Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient test showed that there was a significant direct relationship between the average score of social desirability schema and the subscale of anxiety and insomnia in women employed in political governmental organizations (p = 0.04, r = 0.19). However, there was a significant inverse relationship between the mean score of masculine gender role schemas and social dysfunction subscale in women employed in non-political governmental organizations (r = -0.24, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that more social desirability characteristics in women employed in political governmental organizations were associated with more anxiety and insomnia. However, more masculine traits were associated with fewer social dysfunctions in women employed in non-political governmental organizations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
672 - The Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Of women with breast cancer
Eshrat Karimi Afshar Mohammad KaramoozDepression, anxiety and stress disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders that have increased critically among women with breast cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of positive group psychotherapy on reducing depression, anxiety MoreDepression, anxiety and stress disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders that have increased critically among women with breast cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of positive group psychotherapy on reducing depression, anxiety and stress in women with breast cancer in Kerman. The method of this research was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all women with breast cancer in Kerman. The sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups and Responded to the … to the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire. (1995) before and after the intervention.The experimental group underwent positive group psychotherapy for 8 sessions of 80 minutes (once a week) and the control group did not receive any intervention. Subjects' scores were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that in the post-test stage, the mean scores of depressions, anxiety and stress in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group (P <0.001). According to the research findings, it can be concluded that positive psychotherapy can be used as an intervention to modulate depression,anxiety and stress Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
673 - The effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy on depressive symptoms and sexual function in Women affected by infidelity
Solmaz Ammari Ezat Deyreh Moloud Keikhosravani Kamran GangiBackground and Aim: Achieving a healthy society depends on the health of families, which is also related to having normal mental health conditions and good communication Between the couples. Marital infidelity is one of the most important factors threatening the perform MoreBackground and Aim: Achieving a healthy society depends on the health of families, which is also related to having normal mental health conditions and good communication Between the couples. Marital infidelity is one of the most important factors threatening the performance, stability and continuity of marital relationships. Marital infidelity refers to any sexual or emotional relationship beyond the framework of a committed relationship between two spouses. It is the subject of marital infidelity that causes mood disorders such as depression, post-traumatic stress and dysfunction of couples, which has caused the concern about family mental health and its impact on the growth and performance of children. Method: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based couple therapy on the depressive symptoms and sexual function in women affected by infidelity. The present study was a quasi-experimental study in which a pretest-posttest design with a control group was assessed by baseline after intervention and 3-month follow-up. A total of 105 women affected by infidelity referred to counseling centers and psychological service clinics of Bushehr Welfare Office in the period from May to September in 1398, taking into account the inclusion criteria, 30 of those who wished to participate in the study (With written consent) were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (emotion-based therapy (n = 15 and control group (n = 15)). The sexual function scale was completed and measured in three stages: The sessions of the mentioned treatments, i.e. the emotion-oriented couple therapy (8 sessions of 2.5 hours) was done in groups. Hypotheses about the effectiveness of research were tested using analysis of variance. Results: The results of the present study showed that the mean of depression and sexual function in the pre-test stage was not significantly different between the two groups, which indicates the homogeneity of the two groups in the pre-test stage, but there was a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up stages. It could indicate the effectiveness of the intervention on the mentioned variables and the stability of effectiveness in the follow-up phase (P <0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the mentioned treatment can be used as a psychological intervention in reducing depression and improving the sexual function of affected women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
674 - Comparison of the effectiveness of approaches based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and reality therapy on irrational thoughts of female supervisors under the auspices of the Relief Committee
Yagoub Nikookar Alireza Jafari Ghorban Fathi Aghdam jafar poyamaneshThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two approaches based on the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and reality therapy on the irrational thoughts of female-headed households covered by the Relief Committee. The method of the present MoreThe purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two approaches based on the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and reality therapy on the irrational thoughts of female-headed households covered by the Relief Committee. The method of the present study quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest-follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included 153 female-headed households of Shabestar County Relief Committee, of which 30 people were selected by available and targeted sampling method whose score was selected in Jones Balabood irrational beliefs test and randomly divided into two experimental groups (based on Acceptance and commitment treatment (reality therapy group)and a control group. Data analysis was performed by mixed analysis of variance Results of the analysis showed that the two approaches based on the acceptance and commitment therapy and reality therapy significantly reduce women's irrational thoughts (P<0.01). Also, comparing the effectiveness of the two groups showed that the effect of treatment method (ACT) on the irrational beliefs of female-headed households was significantly greater than reality therapy(P<0.01), so it can be concluded that irrational beliefs are among the factors that can Cause problems. Based on this model, the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and reality therapy approachescan be used to improve and correct clients' irrational beliefs. From this study, it can be inferred that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two treatments on irrational thoughts of female-headed households (P = 0.04). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
675 - Analyzing the barriers to women's political participation and relevant laws In the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Hedieh sadat Mirtorabi hojat mohamad shahi nilofar chinichianWomen's political rights and how they participate in the public sphere in contemporary Iran are always challenging, given the frameworks derived from the religion, tradition, culture and custom that govern society. From this perspective, the explanation of the main ques MoreWomen's political rights and how they participate in the public sphere in contemporary Iran are always challenging, given the frameworks derived from the religion, tradition, culture and custom that govern society. From this perspective, the explanation of the main question of this article is due to the lack and capacity of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran for the presence of women in politics. The structure of the research is based on telling the history of women's participation and presence in the public arena from the constitutional era until now, the position of women's political rights in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, women's performance and presence in the public forces of Iran (by the country's basic institutions). Also in the field of theoretical framework, in addition to the subject laws, some views opposing women's participation in public affairs have been raised and criticized. In this process, the research method is descriptive-analytical; The purpose of this article, in addition to recognizing the capacities of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, is to examine the challenges and shortcomings in the theoretical and practical field. Also, in this regard, relying on the high power of the epistemological frameworks of Islamic laws and considering the conditions of the present era, practical and appropriate contexts and solutions to address this issue in the field of politics and legislation are examined.[1] Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
676 - The Prediction of Grit Based on God Attachment, Life hope, and Happiness in retired women teachers in khominishar city
Elham Rezaei Fatemeh JavadzadehThe aim of this study was to predict Grit based on attachment to God, life expectancy and happiness in retired female educators of Khomeini Shahr city. The research method was correlational type of prediction and the statistical population included all retired fem MoreThe aim of this study was to predict Grit based on attachment to God, life expectancy and happiness in retired female educators of Khomeini Shahr city. The research method was correlational type of prediction and the statistical population included all retired female educators in Khomeini Shahr in 2020, whose number was 167 people. Using Morgan table, the sample size was estimated to be 113 people according to the statistical population. Finally, the sample size was reduced to 100 people, including statistical loss. Data collection tools included the Grit Questionnaire's Duckworth (2007), the Attachment to God Beck and McDonald's Questionnaire (2004), the Snyder's Life Hope Questionnaire (1991), and the Argyle, Martin, & Croesland's Oxford Questionnaire (1989) Happiness Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression) using spss-22 software. The results showed that attachment to God (β = 0.49), happiness (β = 0.23) and life expectancy (β = 0.42) respectively, were 47/5% able to predict the Grit of retired female educators. The results also showed that Sub-component of attachment to God, relationship with God, trust and attention to God, 34/2% were able to predict Grit And Sub-component of life expectancy, factor thinking, and strategic thinking accounted for 37/9% percent of the ability to predict Grit at the significance level of p≤0.01. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
677 - The Explanation of appropriate job components for women based on fuzzy approach
Ali Asghar Sadabadi Fatemeh Fehri Kiarash FartashThe purpose of this study was to figure out the components of appropriate job for women, due to exploit barriers to women employment and approach to confront them. In this article using data mining and content analysis the components of barriers to wom MoreThe purpose of this study was to figure out the components of appropriate job for women, due to exploit barriers to women employment and approach to confront them. In this article using data mining and content analysis the components of barriers to women employment and approach to deal with it was explored. the data was collected by Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire that was given to 34 experts . In order to demonstrate the relation between elements that were agreed on by these experts, SODA method had been implemented. Eventually withi integration of expert's plans, one model was selected. through the application of that model we elicited components component of appropriate job for women which include 19 elements that were agreed by these experts and some of them are as follows: Flexibility in working hours, colleagues support women, restoration of women's self-confidence and self-esteem, independence of all professions from academic degrees, existence of kindergartens or child care centers in the organization and existence of jobs that are free from sexual stereotypes and patriarchal ideologies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
678 - Investigating the effect of The Supportiing Factors and Components of the Mentoring Model the Career Advancement of New Female of Teachers East Azerbayjan Province
Parvaneh Niroomand jafar Ghahramani Abolfazl Ghasemzadeh AlishahiMentoring is an effective way to promote women's training and professional development, as well as support and empower women and create positive organizational culture change. Historically, in our country, patriarchy is very evident in all social issues, especially in t MoreMentoring is an effective way to promote women's training and professional development, as well as support and empower women and create positive organizational culture change. Historically, in our country, patriarchy is very evident in all social issues, especially in the workplace, and creating opportunities for women's advancement and transformation in organizations requires structural changes. One of the development approaches for women as a valuable strategy is mentoring. The current research has been carried out with the aim of highlighting the importance of mentoring as a mechanism of support and career advancement for women in the country's educational system. A combined method was used to collect data. The findings showed that the supporting factors and components of the model extracted from the confirmatory factor analysis of mentoring effective on the career development of female teachers in the first stage include mentoring characteristics (mentee and mentor), and in the next stage mentoring factors mentoring factors (interpersonal factors, cultural factors, organizational factors and macro factors). Mentoring strategies (individual strategies, organizational strategies and trans-organizational strategies) and mentoring consequences (individual consequences, organizational consequences and trans-organizational consequences) have also been investigated in the extracted model for newly hired female teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
679 - The issue of divorce by expressing the rhetorical subtleties of the conditions of the condition in the Holy Quran
Hamdoo Jafarpour Ali Ali Rezaei Kahnmoei Mohammad Ali RabipourDivorce and disregard for women''s rights are important social ills that often lead to the collapse of the family. This phenomenon, like any social phenomenon, has causes and factors. Which should be identified and examined, the present study in the analysis of this iss MoreDivorce and disregard for women''s rights are important social ills that often lead to the collapse of the family. This phenomenon, like any social phenomenon, has causes and factors. Which should be identified and examined, the present study in the analysis of this issue has tried to use library sources and based on the teachings of the Holy Quran in Surah Divorce, Baqarah and Nisa by descriptive-analytical method and explaining the verses of divorce and women''s rights at the time of divorce and examining the rhetorical subtleties of the conditions of the condition in the verses of divorce and why it is stated with the conditions of the condition, The results of the research indicate that the expression of the verses of divorce and the expression of women''s rights linguistically with the style of the condition has certain nuances where if the subject of the sentence is doubtful or rare (in) and in the definite case ((if) ) And in case of comprehensiveness and generality, it is mentioned with ((I)) In the Qur''an, by observing piety, divorce develops life. Also, ''iddah shows the reason for maintaining the sanctity of marriage in Islam and the absence of alimony and the relationship between the child and the father, on the other hand, it is a deadline for returning to life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
680 - The effectiveness of assertiveness skills on the self-esteem and quality of life of ABUSED WOMEN in Yazd
Farzaneh Honarbakhsh Fatemeh-Sadat t Robatihave problems with self-esteem and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of assertiveness skills on the self-esteem and quality of life of abused women women in Yazd. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-t Morehave problems with self-esteem and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of assertiveness skills on the self-esteem and quality of life of abused women women in Yazd. The research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group a control group. The statistical population of this study included all 89 in Yazd in 2019. 30 female victims were randomly selected as a sample and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). assertiveness techniques sessions were performed in 8 sessions of 60 minutes for them. But the control group did not receive any intervention. The research instruments included the Self-Esteem (Cooper Smith, 1967) and the Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (WHO, 1996). SPSS 21 software and analysis of covariance were used to analyze the data. The results showed that training in assertiveness techniques can increase self-esteem and quality of life (P <0.001). According to the obtained results, assertive skills can be used to increase the self-esteem and quality of life of injured women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
681 - Explaining the role of the family in the passion for work and activity among female heads of the household
Nowruz HashemzehiThe family is the most important institution of socialization and any disruption in the functioning of the family affects the pillars of the society. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the role of family in the desire for a job among 18-60-year- MoreThe family is the most important institution of socialization and any disruption in the functioning of the family affects the pillars of the society. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the role of family in the desire for a job among 18-60-year-old female heads of households in Qiyamdasht using a survey method and a questionnaire tool and a sample size of 100 people by systematic sampling. Validity was confirmed by the judgment of experts and the reliability of the instrument was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.The results showed that 14% of the women are illiterate, their fathers' occupational status is low, but they themselves wished for an average occupational status and 87% had a high job enthusiasm. Tailoring, hairdressing, carpet weaving, cooking, sales have been among the most important areas of their desire to be employed.There is a relationship between father's and mother's education, as well as the suitable age for marriage of daughters from the mother's point of view, with women's career aspirations, but there is a correlation between the length of time the parents have lived in Tehran, the suitable age for the daughter's marriage from the father's point of view, and monthly expenses. Family, father's occupational status, work motivation and women's success were not confirmed by their career enthusiasm. None of the family characteristics had any effect on women's job enthusiasm.Empowering women requires transformation in all relevant institutions. To reduce women's problems, entrepreneurship and job creation should be prioritized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
682 - Controlling, preventing and combating violence against women in Iranian laws
Amirreza Mahmoudi Haleeh MajidiViolence against women, in addition to the harm done to the victim and its short-term and long-term effects on the lives of victims, due to the status and legal position of women in any society, has many political, economic and social consequences. Therefore, considerin MoreViolence against women, in addition to the harm done to the victim and its short-term and long-term effects on the lives of victims, due to the status and legal position of women in any society, has many political, economic and social consequences. Therefore, considering all its negative effects in various fields and consequently, the emergence of legal problems and difficulties in relation to this phenomenon, it is important to know the relevant laws regarding the control, prevention and confrontation with this problem. In this regard, this study first examines the existing laws and regulations related to combating and controlling violence against women in the relevant laws of Iran and by pointing to the existence of inflation in this area and through the challenging the existing gaps and shortcomings and lack of Necessary coordination between the legislative, executive and judicial bodies in relation to the issue and even expressing the strengths of the existing laws, has discussed the issue and has come to the conclusion that the adoption and implementation of the laws without comprehensive consideration or the adoption and implementation of the laws without paying attention to their effects not only has not helped the prevention and prevent and combat with violence against women, but also violated their rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
683 - The effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on quality of life, marital satisfaction and self-resiliency of women with early menopausal referred to the health center
zahra kazemi Ramazan Hassanzadeh Shaban HidariBesides physical problems, premature menopause is associated with psychological problems like anxiety, depression, reduced resiliency and marriage adjustment problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on MoreBesides physical problems, premature menopause is associated with psychological problems like anxiety, depression, reduced resiliency and marriage adjustment problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on quality of life, marital satisfaction and self-resiliency of women with premature menopausal referred to the health center. In this semi-experimental study with pre- and post-test design, 32 women with premature menopausal referred to the Sari health centers were recruited as an available sample and allocated to an experimental or control group. Data were collected through the three questionnaires: World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), Marital Satisfaction Scale (short-form), and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). After the pretest, an 8-session protocol of acceptance and commitment treatment was performed for the experimental group, while the control group participated only in the pretest and posttest sessions. After statistical analysis of data with multiple covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS25 statistical package, the results showed that therapeutic intervention based on acceptance and commitment has been able to improve quality of life, marital satisfaction, self-resilience and their components in women with premature menopausal referred to health centers. As a result, acceptance and commitment-based psychotherapy can be used as an effective treatment to improve the mental health indicators of women with premature menopause. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
684 - Recommending a model to assess Women purchase behavior in social networks (A qualitative Study)
Sam Rahimzadeh Holagh Reza Ebrahimzadeh Dastjerdi Alborz Gheitani Akbar Etebarian khorasganiwomen play an important role in consumer products hence, Analysis of Women requirements within social networks and variables Shaping their purchase behavior would be beneficial for business owners in order to provide better product and services and attain more sustainab Morewomen play an important role in consumer products hence, Analysis of Women requirements within social networks and variables Shaping their purchase behavior would be beneficial for business owners in order to provide better product and services and attain more sustainable relationship with their customers. This research is aiming to recommend a social commerce model for women purchase behavior using qualitative Corbin and Strauss (2015) ground theory method. This research can be considered as applied research. in order to collect research data a seven stage Sadowski and Baroso (2007) method is used, then after implementing open, axial and selective coding, a new model was introduced. Based on acquired results, final model contains 5 main causal variables, 3 main intervening variables, 3main contextual (Demographic) variables and finally 2 main consequential variables. The results of this research can be beneficial for E-commerce and traditional business owners in order to boost their profitability and to have sustainable relation with their customers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
685 - The role of personality traits of Asia in the decline of Pharaoh's rule
Ahmad Amiri Ahad davari chelaghaeiThe Holy Qur'an considers women as influential in the destiny of society as men, so it mentions some of their characteristics and enumerates some of their doctrinal, moral and behavioral points. It narrates a sensitive and influential stage of her life that shows the im MoreThe Holy Qur'an considers women as influential in the destiny of society as men, so it mentions some of their characteristics and enumerates some of their doctrinal, moral and behavioral points. It narrates a sensitive and influential stage of her life that shows the important role of women in socio-political issues. The present study seeks to explain the role of personality traits in the decline of Pharaoh's rule and the victory of Prophet Moses (pbuh) by analyzing the verses related to the Prophet (pbuh) and using historical, narrative and interpretive sources. Findings show that Hazrat Asiya (PBUH) was the instrument of realization of the divine will in saving the life of Moses (PBUH) and had an active and insightful presence in the socio-political arenas and as one of the closest people to Pharaoh, with faith in Moses (PBUH) ), Has broken the majesty of Pharaoh and is a model for all men and women of his time and later ages, in free thinking and intellectual independence and not being affected by environmental corruption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
686 - Designing a women entrepreneurship model
Iraj Saghafi Yousef Beigzadeh Mojtaba Ramezani Yaqub Alavi Matin Yahya dadashkarimiFrom a total of 7 units of public institutions and entrepreneurs in West Azerbaijan province of Urmia, which employ about 10 to 15 entrepreneurs in each unit, the total number of people participating in this study, including experts, has reached 225 people. Therefore, t MoreFrom a total of 7 units of public institutions and entrepreneurs in West Azerbaijan province of Urmia, which employ about 10 to 15 entrepreneurs in each unit, the total number of people participating in this study, including experts, has reached 225 people. Therefore, the statistical sample size using Morgan table is estimated to be 141 people. The sampling method is stratified random. In this research, in order to collect information to prepare and compile research literature, the library method has been used and in order to collect data to investigate research questions, a researcher-made questionnaire has been used. Obviously, the designed questionnaire has also been examined in terms of validity and reliability. In this research, in order to analyze the characteristics of the respondents to the questionnaire, tables and graphs have been used. Exploratory factor analysis was used to analyze the collected data and the final model was extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed through SPSS and PLS software. Research findings show what are the patterns of women entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
687 - Development of a package of married life values and the effectiveness of its education on marital disputes and psychological well-being of women with marital dissatisfaction
Elaheh Sarfarazi Samaneh TababaeeThe aim of this study was to develop a package of married life values and its effectiveness on marital Disputes and psychological well-being of women with marital dissatisfaction. The research was conducted by combined method (qualitative-quantitative). After reviewing MoreThe aim of this study was to develop a package of married life values and its effectiveness on marital Disputes and psychological well-being of women with marital dissatisfaction. The research was conducted by combined method (qualitative-quantitative). After reviewing the written scientific sources, a semi-structured interview with 10 psychologists, an educational package was developed. The content validity of the package based on Lawshe index is 0.94. quantitative part of women with marital dissatisfaction in Mashhad, 30 people were selected using purposive methods and randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control groups). The research instruments included the Sanaei Marital Conflict Questionnaire (2000) and the Ryff Psychological Well being Questionnaire (1989). Based on the components extracted from scientific texts and interviews with psychologists, the developed package includes teaching the values of couples and individuals, prioritizing life values, expressing conflict of values and living in line with values, which was taught during 8 one-hour sessions. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software using analysis of covariance The results showed that educating the values of life has reduced couples' Disputesand all its dimensions except financial separation from each other and increased psychological well-being and all its dimensions in women with marital dissatisfaction (p≤0.05). As a result, psychologists and counselors can use this training package to enrich life of married women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
688 - Sociological Analysis of Modern Identity and Religious Identity of Women (Case the Young women of the generation after the Islamic Revolution in Ahvaz)
Farzin Hatami kakesh Nabi&amp;rsquo;ollah Ider Ahmad ali Hesabi. The purpose of this study is to identify the status of religious and modern identities as two important dimensions of post-revolutionary generation identity and the relationship between these two aspects of identity and also to investigate the role of some factors aff More. The purpose of this study is to identify the status of religious and modern identities as two important dimensions of post-revolutionary generation identity and the relationship between these two aspects of identity and also to investigate the role of some factors affecting these forms of identity. The method of the present study is survey and its statistical population includes all women aged 18 to 42 years in Ahvaz in 1399 and the sample size is 191 people. The results show that the relationship between modern identity and religious identity is significantly reverse, meaning that by strengthening each, the other will be weakened. In explaining modern identity based on religious identity and other research variables, considering the value of coefficient (R2), it can be said that 0.186% of modern identity changes are explained by independent variables, and religious identity with a beta value of -0.281 is the best. It is considered a predictor of modern identity. Also, in explaining religious identity based on modern identity and other research variables, according to the coefficient value (R2), it can be said that 0.365% of the changes in religious identity are explained by independent variables, and social capital with a beta value of 0.503 is the best. It is considered a predictor of religious identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
689 - Comparing the level of adherence of young women of Turkish and Kurdish ethnicities to national and ethnic identities
Maria Pashaei hadollah jafar pour Davood EbrahimpourThe condition for the survival and cultural continuity of societies is the cohesion and integration of people who consider their identity roots to belong to that culture. Identification and alignment with collective identities such as national identity and ethnic identi MoreThe condition for the survival and cultural continuity of societies is the cohesion and integration of people who consider their identity roots to belong to that culture. Identification and alignment with collective identities such as national identity and ethnic identity are important among women who are both half of the population and play an important role in identifying the other half. The general purpose of this study was to determine the degree of adherence of young Turkish and Kurdish women in the cities of Tabriz and Buchan to national and ethnic identity. The research method was correlational survey. The statistical population included the youth of 18 to 30 years old in Tabriz and Buchan and the sample size consisted of 384 and 380 people, respectively. The results of Pearson correlation test showed that the level of adherence to national identity among young Turkish and Kurdish women in Tabriz and Buchan is high and there is no significant difference between them. Adherence to national and ethnic identities among young Turkish and Kurdish women reflects the rich roots of ethnic and national identity in Iranian society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
690 - Predicting vulnerability to stress based on personality and resilience in women victims of domestic violence Case study of marginalized women in Kermanshah)
shima parandinThe aim of this study was to predict vulnerability to stress based on personality traits and resilience in women victims of domestic violence in Kermanshah. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-survey correlational research method. Th MoreThe aim of this study was to predict vulnerability to stress based on personality traits and resilience in women victims of domestic violence in Kermanshah. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-survey correlational research method. The statistical population of the study consists of all marginalized women in Kermanshah. Using cluster sampling method, 156 people were selected as the sample. The NEO-FFI by Costa and McCray (1985) and the Connor and Davidson (2003) resilience scale were distributed among them. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data in this study according to the research hypothesis. The results showed that personality traits and resilience in women victims of violence can predict their vulnerability to stress. Therefore, it is suggested that in the suburbs due to many problems such as poverty and addiction, women should be given more social support and resilience skills should be taught to reduce vulnerability to stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
691 - Presenting a model and explaining the solutions for popularizing women's sports, from the perspective of sports science professors and female employees in Mashhad
Fahimeh Rivadeh Mohamad ali Ghare Elham Karimi torghabe Rahele KardavaniAbstract,The aim of this study was to present a model and explain the solutions for popularizing women's sports from the perspective of sports science professors and female employees in Mashhad. The research method was content analysis. According to the Purpose of the r MoreAbstract,The aim of this study was to present a model and explain the solutions for popularizing women's sports from the perspective of sports science professors and female employees in Mashhad. The research method was content analysis. According to the Purpose of the research, using library including, 45 related articles and in-depth interviews with 20 professional and scientific ome elements were extracted, grouped and indentified as…elements of obstacles and solutions for popularization of women's sports. Theme analysis was used. The output of this step was to identify 34 solutions. Convergent and divergent validity was used to determine the validity, which yielded results and coefficients above 70%. The results showed that the development of sports among women requires the improvement of social beliefs, a fair and equitable view in the staff, a sense of women's desire for sports and the implementation of motivational plans. Implementation of projects such as leisure festivals and the Joy and Health Cup should be better planned for women to increase women's interest in sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
692 - Analysis of the consumption of new media among women in Tehran(Case study: the extent and type the use of virtual social networks)
Akram Boorboor Somayeh Tajik EsmaeiliThe present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of virtual social networks among women in Tehran and also comparing the purposeful use of virtual social networks among them. the research design was descriptive and , the statistical population of the MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of virtual social networks among women in Tehran and also comparing the purposeful use of virtual social networks among them. the research design was descriptive and , the statistical population of the research includes all the women living in Tehran and the sample number is 303 women who answered the research questionnaires through google form. The findings of the research showed that Instagram (average 3.19) and Telegram (average 2.53) had relatively better status than Twitter (average 1.96) and Facebook (average 1.42). The results also showed that Tehrani women mostly use Telegram to receive information and gain knowledge and are at a weak level in terms of content production. Women mostly use Instagram pages and other people's personal experiences on Twitter to receive various trainings. Female Facebook users are more active in commenting for others. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of virtual social networks among women in Tehran and also comparing the purposeful use of virtual social networks among them. Descriptive research method, the statistical population of the research includes all the women living in Tehran and the sample number is 303 women who answered the research questionnaires through google form. The findings of the research showed that Instagram (average 3.19) and Telegram (average 2.53) had relatively better status than Twitter (average 1.96) and Facebook (average 1.42). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
693 - A comparative study of women's political empowerment in South Caucasus countries from 2006-2021 by a new global Index.
Mohammad Shohratifar Nader Bohlooli Mojtaba Ramazani Hosein EmariPolitical empowerment of women is a social process for the development and progress of societies and is increasingly recognized as vital to modern governments. Scholars and scholars alike see inextricable links between women's political empowerment and its outcomes for MorePolitical empowerment of women is a social process for the development and progress of societies and is increasingly recognized as vital to modern governments. Scholars and scholars alike see inextricable links between women's political empowerment and its outcomes for women, children, and society as a whole. In this article, a qualitative method with a comparative approach is used. The comparative study is using descriptive-analytical method and the collection of sources is by documentary method. The first step is the description of the studied phenomenon, which is represented in documentary studies, and the second step is the process of comparing and matching and extracting differences and similarities. The findings show the movement of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the field of women's political empowerment, this country has maintained its status unchanged in this field from 2006 to 2021, although there has been no significant growth, but no significant decrease is observed either. The country of Armenia has started its growing process since 2006 and in 2020, despite the internal political crises and defeat in the Karabakh war, it has managed to leave Georgia behind. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
694 - Prediction of latent Relational aggression based on the dark triad personality with the mediating role of shame and rejection sensitivity in a group of Iranian women
Roya Rasouli Faezeh Peimanpak Sara KarimiPurpose: The present study aimed to predict latent marital aggression based on Machiavellianism, anti-socialism and narcissism with the mediating role of shame and rejection sensitivity in a group of Iranian women.Method: 307 married women of Tehran city were sele MorePurpose: The present study aimed to predict latent marital aggression based on Machiavellianism, anti-socialism and narcissism with the mediating role of shame and rejection sensitivity in a group of Iranian women.Method: 307 married women of Tehran city were selected by voluntary sampling method and were answered to the Couples Relational Aggression and Victimization Scale (Nelson & Carroll, 2006), the Short Version of Dark Triad Personality Traits (Paulhus & Jones, 2014), The Test of Self-Conscious Affect (Tangney, 1996) and Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Downey & Feldman, 1996) through an online survey. The research method was correlational, structural equation modeling type and the data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 software.Findings: The findings of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between Machiavellianism with rejection sensitivity, shame with the dimensions of latent marital aggression including love withdrawal and social sabotage, but there is no significant relationship between narcissistic personality and rejection sensitivity, shame, love withdrawal and social sabotage. Anti-socialism had a positive and significant relationship with rejection sensitivity, shame and social sabotage; but it was not related to love withdrawal. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between rejection sensitivity and shame with love withdrawal and social sabotage. The findings of structural equation modeling showed that Machiavellianism, anti-socialism, rejection sensitivity and shame positively predict love withdrawal and social sabotage. Narcissism has no direct or indirect effect on love withdrawal and social sabotage. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the mediating role of rejection sensitivity and shame in the relationship between Machiavellianism and anti-socialism with love withdrawal and social sabotage among women. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that women's rejection sensitivity and shame in relation to dark triad personality traits of Machiavellian and antisocial personality are related to latent marital aggression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
695 - Problematization of women's poverty culture in Kermanshah
Aniss Rezaee Abdoreza Adhami Shahla Kazemi pour sabetThe culture of poverty is an important anthropological concept that has permeated the various fields of social sciences, economics, development, sociology, as well as public discourse and the media. This concept was first coined by Oscar Lewis; It is a semantic, subject MoreThe culture of poverty is an important anthropological concept that has permeated the various fields of social sciences, economics, development, sociology, as well as public discourse and the media. This concept was first coined by Oscar Lewis; It is a semantic, subjective and normative system - a value that leads to the creation and spread of a sense of poverty among individuals, and if internalized, this process is constantly reproduced. Reproducing a culture of poverty is one of the major obstacles to sustainable development. The present study identifies and analyzes the characteristics and components of the culture of poverty among women in Kermanshah with a qualitative approach and content analysis method. Participants included 16 women aged 15 to 59 years in Kermanshah who were included in the study by purposive sampling method and were interviewed face to face and semi-structured. Based on the findings and results, five main components of the culture of poverty were extracted: economic disorder, local belonging, family indifference, social indifference and despair. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
696 - An Absolute Power of Attorney of Woman in Divorce: Creating a balance in the effect of the couple's will in divorce
Negar ShomaliIn contrast to marriage, which depends on the will of the couple, divorce is a right given to the man. And this duality in the influence of the will of each couple has led to the emergence of deep-rooted issues in Iranian jurisprudence and law. The structure of the curr MoreIn contrast to marriage, which depends on the will of the couple, divorce is a right given to the man. And this duality in the influence of the will of each couple has led to the emergence of deep-rooted issues in Iranian jurisprudence and law. The structure of the current research is based on the etiology statement of the necessity of the woman's absolute power of attorney in divorce, the possibility or impossibility of the woman's power of attorney, the evolution of divorce regulations in Iranian law, and finally, the interpretation of the couple's will regarding the power of the woman in divorce. Also, in the field of theoretical framework, before dealing with the approach of the legislator of our country, the views of jurisprudence against and in favor, which have been effective in the formation of the legislative attitude, have been carefully considered. Acknowledging the absolute right of a woman in divorce as a way to adjust the right to unilaterally dissolve the marriage contract compensates for some of the shortcomings of women's rights and also frees her from an inappropriate marriage; the maximum form of representation in divorce for a woman is representation that Based on that, the occurrence of divorce or its non-occurrence is granted to the woman In order for her to have independent authority, there is not any necessity to be a condition as the cause of divorce or the need to confirm it by the court. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
697 - Comparison of the effectiveness of forgiveness-based therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on marital boredom and life orientation of women affected by infidelity.
javad Taghavi Behnam Makvandi Hamdollah jayrvandThe structure of a family begins with dating and marriage, and marriage is considered a source of different experiences, and in this regard, the purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of forgiveness-based therapy and acceptance and commitment-based the MoreThe structure of a family begins with dating and marriage, and marriage is considered a source of different experiences, and in this regard, the purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of forgiveness-based therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on marital dissatisfaction and dysfunctional beliefs in women affected by Wife's betrayal is in Gilan province. This research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with a control group, during which the statistical sample includes 90 married women who referred to the counseling centers of the province in 1401-1402 with the benefit of purposeful sampling and based on The entry criteria were randomly selected and placed in two test groups and one control group. The treatment in this research includes two treatment protocols based on acceptance and commitment and based on forgiveness for 8 sessions in groups of 30 people, and all three groups were tested pre- and post-test by two marital burnout questionnaires (CBM) and Idelsen and Epstein's communication beliefs. RBI) was measured and the data of the research were analyzed using the method of univariate and multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS software and LSD post hoc test. According to the significance of F calculated for the variables of marital dissatisfaction (F = 192.244) and ineffective communication beliefs (F = 349.558) at the 5% level, it can be confirmed that they are effective. Therefore, according to the findings, despite the difference in the content and process of the two approaches based on forgiveness and based on acceptance and commitment, both have been effective on the research variables and the effectiveness of the ACT approach is relatively higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
698 - Effect of Women's Self-Awareness on Social Responsibility by Explaining the Mediating Role of Adherence to Islamic Moral Values
Nazila Masoudi Hosein Bodaghi Khajeh Noubar Farzin Modarres KhiyabaniSocial responsibility is one of the most important components of the Islamic lifestyle, and its implementation requires a complete understanding of this term. Understanding responsibility in all aspects, including the relationship with oneself, God, the universe, others MoreSocial responsibility is one of the most important components of the Islamic lifestyle, and its implementation requires a complete understanding of this term. Understanding responsibility in all aspects, including the relationship with oneself, God, the universe, others and life events leads to the promotion of social responsibility in the society. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating women's self-awareness of social responsibility by explaining the mediating role of adherence to Islamic moral values. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and exploratory. The statistical population in the content analysis included verses of the Qur'an, hadiths and traditions of the innocents (PBUH), books and articles in the field of Islamic education about women's self-awareness. In the Delphi method, the participants were all specialists in social sciences and Islamic sciences, and ten specialists were selected using a targeted method. In the content analysis section, the sample was equal to the population. In the quantitative dimension, the statistical population was all the women of Tabriz, 384 of whom were selected by available sampling. The research tools included the questionnaire of social responsibility, Islamic moral values, and the researcher-made questionnaire of women's self-awareness. In the qualitative dimension, the dimensions of women's self-awareness were identified. Also, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis was performed. Finally, five components were extracted. The results in the quantitative dimension showed that women's self-awareness has a significant effect on social responsibility. Also, the effect of adherence to Islamic moral values has a significant effect on social responsibility. The results of the Sobel test confirmed the mediating role of adherence to Islamic moral values between women's self-awareness and social responsibility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
699 - The impact of fertility on women's participation rate in selected countries: approaches to panel data
Parvanah Salatin Samaneh RostamiWomen's participation in various areas is the most important factors in the economic development of each country, so that women in developed countries have an important role in economic development. In a society where women's participation in employment and economic act MoreWomen's participation in various areas is the most important factors in the economic development of each country, so that women in developed countries have an important role in economic development. In a society where women's participation in employment and economic activity is greater, social welfare will increase, due to the fact that the more participation of women in the labor market, the more production, income per capita and social welfare of the whole society. Therefore, development planners should focus their attention on the recognition of the status and the role of women in development and its various dimensions. The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of fertility on women's participation rate in middle-income countries. The results of the estimation model using fixed effect and GMM in selected countries in the period 2015-1990 shows that fertility rate has a significant and negative effect on on women's participation rate in middle-income countries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
700 - Evaluating the Degree of Emotional Intelligence of Women Librarians in Islamic Azad University Libraries in 13th Region and ranking its Components
زهرا اباذری مهری انوشهThis study analyzes the emotional intelligence of women librarians of Islamic Azad university libraries in 13th region. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to do that. After its completion, the obtained data were analyzed by statistical tools of TOPSIS technique. B MoreThis study analyzes the emotional intelligence of women librarians of Islamic Azad university libraries in 13th region. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to do that. After its completion, the obtained data were analyzed by statistical tools of TOPSIS technique. By measuring the emotional intelligence of women librarians, it was also ranked in various aspects. Research findings indicate that among other aspects of emotional intelligence, the parts that are relevant to the desire to serve the people, helping others grow, communicating with and influencing others, empathy and understanding others are stronger than other components in women librarians, While the components of self-esteem, self-control, teamwork, emotional self-awareness are seen less and less in women. The paper presents suggestions for improvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
701 - The effectiveness of resilience training in reducing depression and anxiety in injured women kept in the welfare of Tabriz city
ali hajizadeh vahid kodaimajdThe purpose of this study was the effectiveness learning of resilient in reducing depression and anxiety in women affected by welfare. Research design was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of this study was all women MoreThe purpose of this study was the effectiveness learning of resilient in reducing depression and anxiety in women affected by welfare. Research design was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population of this study was all women injured in the welfare of Tabriz city in 2019. The sample consisted of 30 women who were selected by multi-stage random sampling and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups (15 subjects for each group). The experimental group was exposed to resilient training and was not provided for the control group. Beck and Clark Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect data. Data analysis was done by statistical analysis of covariance. The results of this study showed that resiliency education has an effect on depression and anxiety of injured women in well-being, which can reduce anxiety and depression in women. Therefore, attention to resilient learning has an important role in reducing the psychological problems of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
702 - Qualitative Analysis of the Challenges of Women Entrepreneurship in Cooperative Companies (Case Study: Kermanshah Province)
Bijan rezaee saba amiri.The present study was done with the aim of qualitative analysis of women entrepreneurship challenges in cooperative companies at Kermanshah province. The research method was qualitative in the case study and the data were collected through a semi-structured interview wi MoreThe present study was done with the aim of qualitative analysis of women entrepreneurship challenges in cooperative companies at Kermanshah province. The research method was qualitative in the case study and the data were collected through a semi-structured interview with 23 women entrepreneurs that selected based on theoretical sampling method. Based on the results of content analysis, women entrepreneurship challenges were divided into two categories: proactive and preventive factors; The proactive factors in the selected category of "balanced and endogenous development" were categorized into two categories of land and structural factors, the most important of which were carefulness of work, interest in the field of work, utilization of the support of surrounding people, appropriate educational environment; Also, the preventive factors in the selected category of "implementation problems" include two categories of weaknesses in infrastructure and support and policy deficiencies in government and organizations. and the "selection problems" of the manufacturing sector, including categories of supply chain distribution, distribution and monitoring, that lack of suitable space, lack of Confidence in each other, the lack of government support from producers, the high level of bank profits, the failure to address production problems, the strong market fluctuations and input prices, and product harassment were the most important priorities. Finally, suggestions were made to improve women's entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
703 - Reflection on subversion and violence against women in the novel Al-Ali Badr
Zeinab Jafarneja Hassan MajidiOne of the anticipation and expectations of personal relationships in the modern age is the phenomenon of violence against women in the family environment and becoming a fundamental and transversal issue, and since violence against women has disrupted the basic function MoreOne of the anticipation and expectations of personal relationships in the modern age is the phenomenon of violence against women in the family environment and becoming a fundamental and transversal issue, and since violence against women has disrupted the basic function of the family and The result of this research is the analysis of gender socialization and the experience of violence by women in the context of a family history of social exclusion, which can lead to a family failure that results in a variety of social injuries and, in such families, descendants of childless, selfless and abusive children. The novel and the survey of violence against women in the novel by referring to the novel and relying on critique The findings suggest that the reflection of the inequality of power in society is witnessed in the form of violence in the novel, and women's control of men by women and gender socialization contributes to this, and women's attachment to men and women. Deprivation of education also contributes to this. The reckless writer draws them out of the denial of denial by representing common violence in the community. Elements of a close linkage with the Iraqi society and the ties and relations of this society are the main theme of this novel suffering. Which includes various physical and psychological forms that suffer from the disruption of human relationships and the tense situation in The family and society, the suffering of the economic and social, and even religious, rulers, suffer from the disadvantages of women in society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
704 - Social and Cultural Aspects of Women's Football Development
ناصر حجازی طیبه بابایی شهرکیThe women’s football development is an important subject world wide nowadays and is a new topic in sociology. Our goal in this project is to survey the cultural and social fields in women’s sport development such as football. Therefore, we have used variable MoreThe women’s football development is an important subject world wide nowadays and is a new topic in sociology. Our goal in this project is to survey the cultural and social fields in women’s sport development such as football. Therefore, we have used variables such as health, mass media, education, democracy and human development. The research is in secondary analysis method and the information was obtained from the sites of FIFA (Football International Federation) and HDR (Human Development Reports).We analyzed the data with SPSS18 software. The statistical population includes some of the U.N. member countries, from among which 33 countries. The sample. After testing the hypotheses, we noticed that all the variables except education and human development had a meaning full relationship with woman’s football development. On the whole, of the five studied hypotheses, three of them (related to health variable, use of internet and democracy) were confirmed, and the other hypotheses were rejected (related to human development and education variables). Totally, the most effective variable which has the most impact on women’s football development is the use of internet with 0.01 sig and correlation coefficient at 0.38. On the contrary, education indicator, with 0.21 sig and correlation coefficient of 0.14, has the lowest influence on the related variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
705 - A Study of the Relationship Between Women Sanctum Concept and Creation of Entrance Space in Iranian Architecture
سحر طوفانThe aim of this paper is to deeply pay attention to the relationship between the concept of confidence and women position with creation of entrance space in Iranian architecture. The research method used is "descriptive – analytical study" method based on investig MoreThe aim of this paper is to deeply pay attention to the relationship between the concept of confidence and women position with creation of entrance space in Iranian architecture. The research method used is "descriptive – analytical study" method based on investigating patterns of architectural cases. The statistical population included all information, documents, plans and pictures of traditional houses at various climates in Iran, and the samples were selected randomly. All case studies are identified traditional houses, all confirmed and registered by valid organs, such as document center of cultural heritage and archives of architecture faculty. Architectural data were analyzed by modeling with Auto-Cad system, controlled with space standards, and then by drawing graphs and diagrams. Important results of this research are hierarchy of confidentiality about creation of entrance space, the strong relationship between women's worth with artistic and functional entrancing at traditional houses, as well as the relation of women's social significance and entrance place architecture. The main conclusion is the "transformation of Islamic art and architecture in the exalted concepts of Islam and respect for women." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
706 - Relationship Between Ecological Awareness and Paddy -Field Knowledge of Women in Bandar- E Anzali With Sustainable Agriculture Critea
H. Chaharsougi-Amin S.M. MirdamadiThe purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between ecological awareness and rice-field knowledge of paddy field women in Bandar- E Anzali and sustainable agriculture criteria observation extent. The research method used descriptive-analytic that is perfor MoreThe purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between ecological awareness and rice-field knowledge of paddy field women in Bandar- E Anzali and sustainable agriculture criteria observation extent. The research method used descriptive-analytic that is performed relative – causal method. The population included paddy field women, over 25 years old in two region. In this research, 275 women were selected with systematic sampling method. Instruments reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient by SPSS/win. The descriptive findings showed that the research's paddy field women have good knowledge regarding ecological awareness and rice-field. Also, they are observing sustainability criteria in farming approximately. The analytic finding showed that there exists significant difference (%1) between the mean of observing sustainability criteria in farming, level of education, kind of ownership to field-rice and kind of used seed. Also, there exists positive significant correlation (p=%99) between age, past record paddy field, the measure of social participation, paddy field annual income, ecological awareness and paddy field knowledge and observing sustainability criteria in agriculture. But there exists negative significant correlation (p=%99) between the measure of paddy field participation and number of member household and observing sustainability criteria in farming. The measure of rice production and paddy field annual income as independent variable have maximum role and rate in analyzing of dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
707 - The Perspective of Female National Hero Athlete about Gender Inequality in Sport
Masoumeh Nazari azad Akbar Talebpour Majid KashaniConsideration of gender inequality among female athletes is considered as one of the grounds for discovering women's interest in sports.The present study uses theories in this field such as theories; gender socialization, gender inequalities, sociology in the form of co MoreConsideration of gender inequality among female athletes is considered as one of the grounds for discovering women's interest in sports.The present study uses theories in this field such as theories; gender socialization, gender inequalities, sociology in the form of consciousness of the thirty Wright Mills, Collins Contradiction Theory, Bloomberg Gender Inequality Theory, Chapters Gender Equality Theory, Gender Equity Theory and Physiological Barriers Theory is based on an analytical model to explain the perception of gender inequality in sport. Based on research model, independent variables, socio- Economic, values and norms Social, pattern of parents, type of exercise, women, women's education, using the media as dependent variables affecting the perception of inequality in sports were selected. The method of this study was to use a survey method among female athletes at the national and transnational level as a statistical population. 200 of them were selected as a statistical sample by random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The findings of the research were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and path analysis. Results of multiple regression analysis showed variables; socio-economic status, social values and norms, parental modeling, women's education and media use respectively The most effect on the dependent variable has been investigated and, in total, more than 48% of the variations of the function variable have been explained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
708 - Relationship between quality of life and social support among women who suffer from bon fracture
Nasrin Ghassab MozaffariConsidering high rate of Osteoporosis and bone fracture among women, and in light of the arguments presented an direct relationship between one person’s health and life quality, and given that having social support increase life quality; the study was conducted to MoreConsidering high rate of Osteoporosis and bone fracture among women, and in light of the arguments presented an direct relationship between one person’s health and life quality, and given that having social support increase life quality; the study was conducted to determine the relationship between life quality and social support among women with bone fractures. This is a Descriptive – Analytical study which performed in cross- sectional manner. There were 138 samples which assessed by some demographic characteristics, Filip’s social support questionnaire and SF36 quality of life questionnaire. Overall finding indicate that average age of sample was 69.9, the majority of them were married and had 2 children and were household and illiterate and suffer from Hip fracture. Average score of quality of life was 63.28 and there was significant relation between quality of life and social support (p=0.000, p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
709 - A combination of qualitative studies in the field of women's happiness in Iran
Mohsen Niazi Atiye Rezayi Ali FarhadianHappy women, husbands, and mothers strengthen the family unit at the micro level and inject happiness into society at the macro level; Because a happy person is an innovative, efficient, productive, creative and constructive person. Therefore, recognizing happiness is a MoreHappy women, husbands, and mothers strengthen the family unit at the micro level and inject happiness into society at the macro level; Because a happy person is an innovative, efficient, productive, creative and constructive person. Therefore, recognizing happiness is an undeniable and indisputable necessity in today's world. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting women's happiness and design a model of factors affecting women's happiness. The research community is the articles of authoritative scientific-research journals related to the subject, which have been published during the years 1300-1400. The research sample was 13 standard research articles which were selected and reviewed from 92 articles after ranking the articles. The research method was qualitative and meta-combined. After extracting the factors affecting women's happiness, the results showed that in the mentioned articles, 61 concepts were identified and approved by experts in the field of women and family. Finally, the concepts were classified into 5 main categories of individual, society, family, social capital and lifestyle and their sub-categories and were explained as factors affecting women's happiness and presented in the form of a model. The findings indicated that the proposed analytical model for the factors affecting women's happiness was consistent with the hierarchy of Maslow's needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
710 - Investigating the social factors associated with women's social deprivation (Case study of women in Urmia)
Maryam Seyyedzadeh Seyed Mohammad Sadegh Mahdavi Mostafa AzkiaSocial deprivation is a fact that some people are significantly more exposed to than others. Women's groups, meanwhile, are the ones most severely affected by social exclusion. Accordingly, this study examines the sociological deprivation of women in the city of Urmia a MoreSocial deprivation is a fact that some people are significantly more exposed to than others. Women's groups, meanwhile, are the ones most severely affected by social exclusion. Accordingly, this study examines the sociological deprivation of women in the city of Urmia and its related social factors. The theoretical framework of the research is the theories of Narayan, Bourdieu, Petrick, Giddens and Dahrendorf. This research is a cross-sectional survey in terms of control of research conditions, cross-sectional, expansive, and time-based. The community was studied by women in Urmia, and 430 people were questioned by sampling the possible quotas. The findings show that social deprivation has a negative and significant relationship with each of the variables of equal opportunities, participation, skill, decision-making power, social capital, social economic base and social network(p<0/001). Multiple regression was used to explain the dependent variable, and all variables remained in the regression model and had a significant effect on the dependent variable. The coefficient of determination indicates that about 38% of the variance of women's social deprivation is explained by the independent variables in the regression equation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
711 - The relationship of trust in online social networks in the tendency to create support campaigns (case study: women of Mako city )
Zahra Abbasalizadeh Mohammad Abbaszadeh mahran samadi Mahmoud ElmhWith the spread and increasing trust in virtual networks, these networks have assumed an important role in creating virtual campaigns. According to their facilities, virtual social networks allow users to create different campaigns by reaching a larger part of society. MoreWith the spread and increasing trust in virtual networks, these networks have assumed an important role in creating virtual campaigns. According to their facilities, virtual social networks allow users to create different campaigns by reaching a larger part of society. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between trust in social networks and the creation of virtual campaigns. The research method was a survey and a questionnaire tool was used to collect data. The statistical population of the research consists of women over 15 years of age living in Mako city in 1400, who were selected as a sample by using a simple random sampling method. The findings show that there is a direct significant correlation between the characteristics of virtual social networks (self-centeredness of users, lack of official supervision and censorship of content, cosmopolitan motives) and trust in these networks and the tendency to create support campaigns. The above variables in the regression model have been able to explain 0.33 of the changes in the tendency to create support campaigns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
712 - Investigating the relationship between relative deprivation and quality of life With an emphasis on physical well-being in the era of Covid-19 )Case study: female citizens living in Tehran(
Leila sadat Fenderesi Afsaneh Edrisi Maysam Mousaei Investigating justice in gender relations is one of the most complex concepts in recent decades, the importance of which has been recognized by international organizations for social, human development and quality of life. This article is looking for an answer to More Investigating justice in gender relations is one of the most complex concepts in recent decades, the importance of which has been recognized by international organizations for social, human development and quality of life. This article is looking for an answer to the question of what the feeling of relative deprivation has to do with the quality of life of women. The statistical population was made up of women aged 18 and over who lived in Tehran in 1400. Survey research method and information has been collected by face-to-face interview technique in the form of a questionnaire. The sample size is 404 people and the samples have been selected from five regions by random urban block sampling method. To judge the hypotheses, correlation coefficient test (Pearson, Spearman), independent F, correlation T and univariate regression were used. Findings show: variables (age, level of education, number of family members, income, marital status, family forms) are not significant with quality of life. But as the feeling of relative deprivation increases, the quality of life decreases and vice versa. Also, the physical well-being of women has decreased during the outbreak of Covid-19. So it can be said: the basic core of the feeling of relative deprivation, which is justice, strongly affects the quality of life of women. The feeling of injustice is the result of a deep gap between subjectivity and external reality. Of course, the feeling of deprivation is reduced by changing the conditions and providing information in order to correct mentalities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
713 - Organized crime of women trafficking and assessment of the international law provisions orientation
Hassan MovassaghiWhen human ignored the kind and wise creator for a short moment and picked up the forbidden fruit which Satan had introduced it as the elixir of immortality, it was not assumed that humanity has placed himself in the detrimental situation and begun oppression and ignora MoreWhen human ignored the kind and wise creator for a short moment and picked up the forbidden fruit which Satan had introduced it as the elixir of immortality, it was not assumed that humanity has placed himself in the detrimental situation and begun oppression and ignorance on mankind. The goal of this research was to familiar with organized crime of women trafficking and assessment of the international law provisions in fighting with this moral issue. The research methodology was documentary and secondary analysis technique and finally, the efficacy and effectiveness of these plans examined referring to the findings. The results showed that, the modern life dream, various discriminations on women in most of human communities, lack of confidence in women and their distance from sustainable development and most importantly lack of priority of fighting with women trafficking as violations of international human rights are the reasons for increase of this violent and criminal trade in the third millennium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
714 - Social Factors Affecting the Intensity of Crimes among the Women in Uromiah Prison (Women's Section.)
Hossein Banifatemeh Zeinab Baghery RaoofAlthough according to Durkheim, a certain rate of social deviances in any society is normal, and in spite of the fact that social harms and abnormal behavior may have psychological and biological origin, or they may result from personality disorders or personal characte MoreAlthough according to Durkheim, a certain rate of social deviances in any society is normal, and in spite of the fact that social harms and abnormal behavior may have psychological and biological origin, or they may result from personality disorders or personal characteristics, yet social deviance as an abnormal behavior is a completely social phenomenon and several factors can affect its formation. Social deviance in the present day society of Iran is a structural issue and a consequence of social disorder. Therefore, it will increase in the future. With regard to the statistics on the growth of social damages in Iran and the important role and position of women and the crimes (deviances) related to women, This research aims to find out the social factors affecting the intensity of the women's crimes in Uromiah Prison. The research type is survey. The research population includes all the 108 women prisoners in the women's section of Uromiah Prison. Because of the limited number of the population, sampling was not carried out. The research device is a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was determined by face value and factor analysis, and the reliability was measured by Cronbach, s Alpha. Data analysis was carried out using Spss software. The results indicated that there is a signifant relationship between the rate of anomy, religious beliefs, association loith unfit peers and family problems, and crime intensity among the women. The result of multiple regression showed that among the above-mentioned factors, association with unfit peers and religious beliefs remained within the regression model and in sum made up 26% of the women's crime intensity variance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
715 - The role of social factors in women's tendency to crime in Tabriz prison
Mahmood Elmi Nematollah Tagavi Solmaz KazemifardThe present study aims at investigation the role of social factors in the tendency of women to crime in Tabriz prison in 1388. The theories used in this study are: Hirsch's control, David Matzo's inhibition and neutralization, Sutherland's differential companion, Parson MoreThe present study aims at investigation the role of social factors in the tendency of women to crime in Tabriz prison in 1388. The theories used in this study are: Hirsch's control, David Matzo's inhibition and neutralization, Sutherland's differential companion, Parsonez's Anomy and social non organizational. The method of the study is non experimental and comparative. The participants are 50 women in Tabriz prison and 50 normal women out of prison which are chosen by random sampling. The validity of the study is determined by content validity and the reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha is more than 0.7 for all of the variables. The obtained results from dependant t-test revealed that, there is a significant difference between religious adherence, behavioral disorders' of friends and behavioral disorders' of family of women in the prison and normal women of the city. But there is no difference in family control methods of women in the prison or in the city. Generally it can be concluded that among the most effective social factors, low religious adherence, high behavioral disorders of friends and family are significant in the tendency of women to crime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
716 - Study of social and cultural factors associated with the women’s obedience of men in Meshkinshar
Rogayyeh Husseingolizadeh Hussein Bani FatimahFrom the beginning of human society formation, women were enslavement of men. They have experienced repression in different times, places and social circumstances. Oppression and repression was a system based on domination. Women inferiority and repression is a part of MoreFrom the beginning of human society formation, women were enslavement of men. They have experienced repression in different times, places and social circumstances. Oppression and repression was a system based on domination. Women inferiority and repression is a part of male-dominated society and they are trained to be obedient from the birth. This article Studies the social and cultural factors associated with the women’s obedience of men in Meshkinshahr. Statistical society of research was married women of meshkinshahr and based on Cochran formula the samples are 383 married women chosen by multi stage random sampling. A questionnaire used to gather data. The reliability of the questionnaire demonstrated high coefficient (0.828) for study. After data analyzing and hypothesis testing which is done by two methods of descriptive and inferential statistics, the following results were obtained. There was a meaningful relation between women’s valuable resources, rate of the religiosity of women, women’s views to their commodification in family, with their obedience of men. But there was no relation between technology and the science of human body with women’s obedience from men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
717 - Theoretical Approach to Ecofeminism
Halimeh Enayat Heydar FathzadehOne of the important outcomes of the development of world economics hasbeen quick destruction of natural resources and ecosystem of the world. Somefeminists believe that ecology is a specific feministic issue and they createdsomething which can be called “ecofemin MoreOne of the important outcomes of the development of world economics hasbeen quick destruction of natural resources and ecosystem of the world. Somefeminists believe that ecology is a specific feministic issue and they createdsomething which can be called “ecofeminism”. Before the advent of westernexploitation and western sciences, natives had close and friendly relations withthe world nature all over the world. Natural forces commonly were consideredfeminine as they were manifestation of productive powers of vegetation andreproduction.There was a feminine principle that is woman’s specific relations with thenature through production and reproduction, giving birth to a baby, feedingbabies and keeping them safe during their growth. This feminine principle was aguarantee that natural environment should not be abused, but it should beattended to and put into operation with care. However, this relation with thenature and natural resources was severely damaged with the advent of westernexploitation. And the feminine principle was overturned. Nature which was stillconsidered feminine turned into a passive resource. The overturning paved theway for environment destruction, overuse of the earth and harmful expansion oftechnology. The only way out of this crisis was to reestablish primitive relationof women with the environment and promotion of returning to the nature. In thisway, ecofeminism came to existence. For this reason, ecofeminism is an effortto overcome the shortcomings of the main stream of sociology to respond theecosystem problems which the world is grappling with. This theory tries toovercome the methodological reductionism of the main idea of feminism byconsidering the necessary usage of multi-reasoned explanations in studying thesuperior and inferior relations, and it has thus turned into a promising theory toovercome some methodological, epistemological and ontological shortcomingsof feminism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
718 - Comparative examination of the rate of satisfaction among employed women and housewives
Jafar Ebrahimi Farzaneh SalehiThe research titled “Comparative examination ofthe rate of satisfaction among employed women and housewives” is done in orderto illustrate the effect of employment on their marital satisfaction. The research methodology iscausative-comparative. Regardi MoreThe research titled “Comparative examination ofthe rate of satisfaction among employed women and housewives” is done in orderto illustrate the effect of employment on their marital satisfaction. The research methodology iscausative-comparative. Regarding that the measurement system in this research isbased on the standard measurement and its stability ismeasured by different people with alpha ratio more than 90 percent, so there isno need to test it again. This means that the research can rely on previousreports. The data of the research collected through standardized questionnaireby 150 employed women (who are teachers in 6th district) as a control group and150 housewives as a comparing group. For data analysis descriptive statisticsand chi-square test were used. Results shows that there is relation between thejob and the rate of satisfaction of economic status of family, satisfaction ofthe children training and satisfactionof activities in leisure time Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
719 - Evaluation of job and family-work conflict among employed women in governmental institutions of Tabriz
Pari Fathipour Samad Rasoulzadeh AghdamThe aim of this study was to investigate the job and family-work conflict among employed women in governmental institutions of Tabriz. The study population consisted of all married women employed in state institutions of Tabriz. The sample size determined by Cochran for MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the job and family-work conflict among employed women in governmental institutions of Tabriz. The study population consisted of all married women employed in state institutions of Tabriz. The sample size determined by Cochran formula was 278 and the sampling method used to find respondents was Simple Random method. Measurement tool was Carlson’s et al (2000) multi-dimensional 18-points Questionnaire of work-family conflict. The data were analyzed by spss19 using Pearson correlation and analysis of variances to test hypothesis. Research results indicate that, total work-family conflict is different due to job type and education of respondents. The average of total work-family conflict between service jobs and under bachelor’s degree is higher than the other respondents. The correlation between work-family conflict and job experience is not significant. On the other hand the correlation between work-family conflict and income is reverse and significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
720 - Phenomenological Analysis of the of Tabriz Women’s Tendency to Facebook Social Network
Samad Razoulzadeh Aghdam Samad Adlipour Hakimeh Malek AhmadiAt present time, with the outstanding entry of women and girls in the virtual space, internet and cyber social networks have had a lot of effects on them. One of the most important effects can be considered as the process of “womanization” (feminization) of MoreAt present time, with the outstanding entry of women and girls in the virtual space, internet and cyber social networks have had a lot of effects on them. One of the most important effects can be considered as the process of “womanization” (feminization) of modern media. Womenization (feminization) refers to the process of qualitative and quantitative expansion of the presence, roles, and influences of women and their desires, interests, and characteristics in different dimension and grounds of social, economic, political, and cultural life of the contemporary society. Therefore, the present study is to investigate the reasons for the presence of Tabriz women and girls in Facebook Social Network. The present study was conducted using the qualitative method and employing the phenomenological approach.The technique of deep semi-structured interview was employed for collecting data. Tabriz women aged from 18 to 30 years who were users of Facebook for at least two years were selected as the population. In fact, 16 women of these users were selected as sample using the purposive sampling method. From theanalysis of participants’ interviews, five major themes extracted as: “breakdown of limitations of the real world”, “breakdown of mental and personal limits”, “utilization of potentials of Facebook”, “not being behind of the caravan of technology”, and “adventure andcuriosity”. These five themes can be discussed in the components of “elimination of experienced and perceived limits” and “obtaining new opportunities”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
721 - The comparison of employed and unemployed women's marital adjustment in Mahabad and related factors of it
Nemattollah Taghavi Samad Sabbagh Hesam NasiriThe purpose of this study is to compare the marital adjustment of employed and unemployed women and related factors of it in Mahabad .The method of the study is survey. The population of this research is all employed and unemployed married women aged 15 to 64 years old MoreThe purpose of this study is to compare the marital adjustment of employed and unemployed women and related factors of it in Mahabad .The method of the study is survey. The population of this research is all employed and unemployed married women aged 15 to 64 years old in city of Mahabad in 91-92 who are 46625 people. The Sample size using Cochran formula was 380 people and the samples were selected by multi-cluster sampling technique to systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire by Khodayarifard which its reliability coefficient estimated as 0/96using cronbach Alpha. In order to analyze data from two independent groups t-test was used. The main research hypothesis was confirmed with the amount of error of %5 and % 95 significancy levels. The results indicate that employed women's marital adjustment is more than unemployed women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
722 - The comparative study of consuming lifestyle between employed and housewives in Miyaneh
Morsal Shokri Mohammad AbbaszadehLifestyle is one of the most important phenomena in present investigations that mentions the collections of behaviors, patterns and people or groups’ way of thinking in life. These reasons cause the difference between people and groups. The purpose of this study i MoreLifestyle is one of the most important phenomena in present investigations that mentions the collections of behaviors, patterns and people or groups’ way of thinking in life. These reasons cause the difference between people and groups. The purpose of this study is the comparison of consuming life style between employed and housewives in Miyaneh. These investigations were done on the basis of Bourdieu, Weber and Zimeal Ideas. The method of research was survey and the population includes all employed women and housewives in Miyaneh, consisting of all married and family heads. The sample was 400 women using Cochran formula. The method of sampling is random selection in which first, employed women were separated from housewives, and then 200 women were selected randomly from each group. To gather the data a researcher-made questionnaire was used and the data analysis was conducted by SPSS. The results show that there is a significant difference between consuming lifestyle of employed women and housewives in a way that the employed women’s average of lifestyle components (body management, the pattern of buying clothes, nutrition pattern, selection place of residence) is higher than that of housewives. But in relation to leisure activities, housewives’ average is higher than employed women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
723 - Examining the relationship between social skills and marriage consistency of Tabriz working women.
Kamran Sedaghat Nazli Pour lotfolahiSince family is a main and basic entity, maintaining of its basis has an important role in psycho-behavioral healthiness of couples. Lack of relational skills and sentimental, mental and social capabilities makes people vulnerable in facing problems and exposes them to MoreSince family is a main and basic entity, maintaining of its basis has an important role in psycho-behavioral healthiness of couples. Lack of relational skills and sentimental, mental and social capabilities makes people vulnerable in facing problems and exposes them to different kinds of mental, social and behavioral disturbances. So training of social skills is one of the preventing ways of occurrence of marriage problems. The main aim in this research is to determine the relationship between social skills and marriage consistence of working women in Tabriz and professional aims include determination of relation between behavioral and cognitional skills with marriage consistency, the extent of women’s independency demand and marriage consistency, marriage consistency, women’s age and marriage consistency and comparison of marriage consistence of familiarity before marriage and its theoretical framework consists of theories of Freimo, Nay, Gazda, Gatman, Roushe, Marks, Angles. The method of research is metrical. Its statistical population is women who have age range of 20-50 in Tabriz and its sample volume is 381 and the way of sampling is a proper level that was done by simple random method. The tool of researching is a questionnaire that for questions of social skills, the researcher-built questionnaire was used and Spiner questionnaire was used for evaluation of criterion variable (marriage consistency). In order to present results, descriptive methods and statistics were used and correlation coefficient of Pierson, Variance analysis and T-test were used in order to examine hypothesis. Analysis of data was done with spss software. Results show that there is a meaningful relation between variables of social skills (behavioral – cognitional), women’s independency, levels of women’s history of familiarity before marriage, duration of marriage, women’s age and marriage consistency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
724 - Social factors associated with crime rates of women in Tabriz prison.
Hussein Banifateme Ramin BabainezhadThe present study was to determine the social factors related to the rate of crimes of women who were detained in Tabriz prison. Variables of social control, cultural poverty - precedence of delinquency in adolescence - precedence of previous offenses - violence against MoreThe present study was to determine the social factors related to the rate of crimes of women who were detained in Tabriz prison. Variables of social control, cultural poverty - precedence of delinquency in adolescence - precedence of previous offenses - violence against women at home and the unsuitable friends are the independent variables of the study. The variable was considered as the main research question is the extent of crime of women. The population consisted of 100 women prisoners of whom 79 were selected randomly according to Cochran's formula. The design of the present study was co relational survey and the researcher-made questionnaire was used for collecting data. The results showed that crime rate in women are related to precedence of delinquency, a precedence of previous offenses and violence against them at home. But there is no relationship between social control, unsuitable friends and cultural poverty and the crime rate of women in Tabriz prison. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
725 - The relationship Between Social health and marital Adjustment among married women in Astara
Rozita Omidi Firuz RadThe main purpose of this research is studying the relationship betweensocial health and marital adjustment among married women in Astara.Statistic population of all married women in Astara was 11900 thataccording to Cochran, sample was estimated 373 subjects. Sampling m MoreThe main purpose of this research is studying the relationship betweensocial health and marital adjustment among married women in Astara.Statistic population of all married women in Astara was 11900 thataccording to Cochran, sample was estimated 373 subjects. Sampling methodis random cluster. Data gathering tool has been Keyes social healthstandard questionnaire and Spinier marital adjustment questionnaire. Toanalyze data, Pearson correlation coefficient has been used. Results ofPearson correlation coefficient showed that, there is a positive andsignificant correlation among social health and its components like socialsolidarity, acceptance, participation, social florescence and maritaladjustment for married women in Astara. According to findings, it can besaid that, dimensions of social health are among effective variables inmarital adjustment and show necessity of exact planning for enhancingdimensions of marital adjustment. Descriptive and inferential statisticwas used to analyze data. There is no significant relationship among ageand married couples' age difference and common life. But there is asignificant relationship between marital adjustments based on marriedcouples' social– economic base. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
726 - A Survey of the Status of Womenin the Works ofElia Abu Mazi (1889-1957)
Ali Asghar Azizpour ShirfurooshA survey of Elia Abu Mazi’s poetry displays the developing process of the portrait of women in a historical perspective. This paper attempts to study the status of women in Abu Mazi’s poetry, using a descriptive and library method. Elia Abu Mazi documented v MoreA survey of Elia Abu Mazi’s poetry displays the developing process of the portrait of women in a historical perspective. This paper attempts to study the status of women in Abu Mazi’s poetry, using a descriptive and library method. Elia Abu Mazi documented various events in his poems including occupation, invitation to emigration, liberalism, social and political reformation, freedom of speech and action, the role of women and the national uprisings. Abu Mazi’s poetry mirrors the major events and the problems in the lives of people, and promotes freedom and justice. Abu Mazi never overlooked the status of women in his poetry. In Abu Mazi’s poems, a woman takes on different roles such as the imaginary lady, a spouse, mother and sister and the social woman. The results show that Abu Mazi piously viewed the women who are the means of happiness and certitude. Abu Mazi’s poetry implies that women lead human beings towards self-awareness and knowing God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
727 - A comparative study of the role and function of fathers in family and satisfaction of their situation
Zahra Ghasemi Family is one of the most important institutions of society and father as important member of family has effective function in three levels of social system of family (macro, micro and middle level). This paper aims to recognize the main factors that influence f More Family is one of the most important institutions of society and father as important member of family has effective function in three levels of social system of family (macro, micro and middle level). This paper aims to recognize the main factors that influence fathers' disapproval of his role in the family. The research is descriptive and explanatory and 500 fathers living in Tehran with at least one child who are not married were interviewed. Sampling method is classification of probability and the theoretical framework of the study has been developed in three levels of median, macro and micro. Using a Durkheim, Weber and Marx theories the following variables are studied: changing in division of labor, father’s dependency to parents, changing of father’s practical tasks, generational differences between father and children, educational, age and job differences between women and men, patriarchy, the power of women. In micro sociological level, allegiance of women and the father’s assumption of his role in family are recognized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
728 - Comparative study of female representation in the commercials of channel 3 and Gem TV
Negin Hatami Mehran SamadiPresent research is a comparative study of females broadcast quality on Iranian TV (channel3) and on a satellite Gem TV. To reach our goal we have benefited from two methods of content analysis and reverse questionnaire. statistical population of this study consists of MorePresent research is a comparative study of females broadcast quality on Iranian TV (channel3) and on a satellite Gem TV. To reach our goal we have benefited from two methods of content analysis and reverse questionnaire. statistical population of this study consists of 140 broadcasted commercial ads on channel 3 and on Gem TV at 6pm and 11pm everyday over the months of January, February and March 2012 and April, may, June 2013.The figures obtained showed ultimately that both channels additional to displaying female routine functions, have been attempted to make changes in the way of their reflection and the channels have not utilized the females only as a factor for attracting audience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
729 - The Condition for Adjustment of Compliance in Permanent Marriage on the Basis of Wisdom - A Way for Women's Social Participation
ZAHRA TARAHOMI alireza saberyan Maryam Aqai BejestaniMarriage as one of the most important Islamic contracts has an important place in the regulation of family relations and social activities. Accordingly, in addition to being organized on the basis of religious and religious rules, the marriage covenant is subject to rat MoreMarriage as one of the most important Islamic contracts has an important place in the regulation of family relations and social activities. Accordingly, in addition to being organized on the basis of religious and religious rules, the marriage covenant is subject to rational conditions that in turn preserve the dignity and status of women and their presence in various social arenas. There are various views on obedience and non-obedience of the marriage contract, some of whom believe that obedience is the essence of marriage and that some do not regard obedience as the essence of marriage. According to the recent assumption, more freedom has been conceived for women, thereby providing insights into the possibility of greater participation of women on the basis of the modification of obedience to the wife. The present study also examines the question of what rational basis for adhering to a marriage contract and how can it promote women's presence in the social realm? The hypothesis is that general obedience in turn can facilitate women's presence in the social arena. At the same time, the social presence of women on the basis of general obedience must be such that it does not interfere with her duties and status in the family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
730 - The Jurisprudential Study of Women’s Singing in Islam
Seyyed Mohammad Reza Ayati narges soroushOne of the main issues discussedin the jurisprudence, is the issue of women's voice, on which there are some disagreements among experts (Faqihs.) In this study we have divided this voice to lyrical and non-lyricalforms. The voice of women in non-lyrical form, like givi MoreOne of the main issues discussedin the jurisprudence, is the issue of women's voice, on which there are some disagreements among experts (Faqihs.) In this study we have divided this voice to lyrical and non-lyricalforms. The voice of women in non-lyrical form, like giving a speech has been considered as illegitimate by the earlyfaqihs of Shia Sect. However, the contemporary experts, regarding the Sira (life style/biography) of Imams and Islamic Sira, have interpreted the women’s non-lyrical voice as permitted and allowed. Regarding the lyrical form, the early and first faqihs who considered the lyrical form as unlawful andillegitimate, undoubtedly and evidently interpret the lyrical form as illegitimate, too. But other faqihs who do not have a problem with non-lyrical voice, have disagreements on the lyrical one. Some believe that it is “legitimate” and permitted (through resorting to reasons and documents) and many others interpreted it as “legitimate” and lawful, because the Quran, Sunnah and Ijma know the lyrical sound as inherently and essentially illegitimate. Most of the Sunni faqihs believe in the legitimacyof it. At th Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
731 - Women's Political Participation in the Islamic Republic of Iran (Rouhani - Ahmadinejad - Khatami)
aliashraf havasi jalal dorakhshah rahim khastuParticipation is one of the main tools for achieving political development. Any country that wants to achieve political development must inevitably pave the way for women's political participation. Given the importance of political participation, since the formation of MoreParticipation is one of the main tools for achieving political development. Any country that wants to achieve political development must inevitably pave the way for women's political participation. Given the importance of political participation, since the formation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, many efforts have been made to strengthen women's political participation. Given this, the main question is what has been the political participation of women in the governments of Khatami, Ahmadinejad and Rouhani? In response to this hypothesis, it is suggested that women's political participation in the governments of Khatami, Ahmadinejad and Rouhani, although growing compared to previous periods, but this growth has been focused only on the basic and middle levels of management. The results of the research show that during the presidencies, despite the election campaigns based on the presence of women in important positions, the process of their presence has shifted to the middle positions. The type of research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
732 - Left wing women and political development in Iran(1941-1979 A.D)
Fatemeh Beyranvand Elaheh colaee Ali Ashraf NazariThis research applies a descriptive-analytical approach to explain historical aspects and consequently interprets the data regarding the left movement and left wing women based on the Anthony Giddens's construction theory in the second Pahlavi dynasty.In this regard, af MoreThis research applies a descriptive-analytical approach to explain historical aspects and consequently interprets the data regarding the left movement and left wing women based on the Anthony Giddens's construction theory in the second Pahlavi dynasty.In this regard, after examining the developments of the left movement and the political and social activities of left wing women, we will try to answer the question that what effects the political and social actions of left wing women have had on the process of political development in Iran in the second Pahlavi dynasty?To answer the above question according to Giddens's construction theory, There is a mutual relationship between structure and agent which based on, the left wing women as agents of the left movement had potential to influence the political structure of the Pahlavi dynasty and play a role in establishing a developed political system.As result, this research reveals the political and social actions of left wing women, due to the political structure of the Pahlavi regime and the domination of dictatorship, had no effective role in the process of political development and establishment of a democratic system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
733 - Women,s Rights in Contemporary Iran:In Struggle Between Tradition and Modernism Case Study; Comparison of the Views of Morteza Motahhari and Dariush Shayegan
پریا اسکندری Mohammad tohidfam رویا منتظمی نساء زاهدیA wide range of studies of women's demands in the contemporary history of Iran is done from the perspective of thinkers and thinkers.If this study is done as a comparison between the opinions of two thinkers with different and sometimes conflicting opinions, it creates MoreA wide range of studies of women's demands in the contemporary history of Iran is done from the perspective of thinkers and thinkers.If this study is done as a comparison between the opinions of two thinkers with different and sometimes conflicting opinions, it creates the potential that the real face of that part of the opinions of a thinker that presented the demands of women more than Make it clear in advance.Among the most important contemporary Iranian thinkers we can mention the works of ez Motahhari and Shayegan.The main question of this research is "What was the approach of Morteza Motahhari and Dariush Shayegan's ideas about women's rights at different times?"This study, in a descriptive and analytical manner and using the analysis of Laclau and Mouffe discourse, has reached the conclusion that the central sign of Morteza Motahhari's discourse in the field of women's rights is influenced by Islam, Shia religion and Quran.And the central sign of Shaygan's discourse in the first period of his intellectual life in the field of women's rights is influenced by Eastern and Asian identities, and in the second and third periods of his intellectual life the central sign of his discourse in the field of women's rights is influenced by modernism and cultural pluralism.The findings of this study indicate that Motahhari's works are closer to the demands of the third wave of feminists and Shaygan's works are closer to the demands of the first and second waves of feminists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
734 - The effect of Telegram on women's political participation (Investigating the attitude of Tehrani female users regarding the effect of Telegram on women's political participation at the middle level).
AKRAM Abbasniya Mahboubeh Paknia SEYED ALI MORTAZAVIANHuman life has changed a lot in all aspects since the innovation of the internet in the world. These changes include not only personal details and human characteristics such as behavior, habits and ways of thinking, but also great circumstances such as the evolution of MoreHuman life has changed a lot in all aspects since the innovation of the internet in the world. These changes include not only personal details and human characteristics such as behavior, habits and ways of thinking, but also great circumstances such as the evolution of decision- making methods and vital actions both political and international.In recent years, the cyber space effects and the treatment of people in the cyber space have drawn the attention of the specialists in the area of political actions. The main goal of this article is to examine the effect of Telegram on political participation of the middle class women in Tehran. By the middle class, we mean a class higher than the low class in which the participations are only voters in political elections and lower than the high class in which the participations are high rates of management and decision- making process. In the middle class, participations are moderate employee women in government departments, active women, women parties assembles and nongovernment organizations. In conceptual model used, is a combination of three media theories: including cultivation theory(Gerbner),public sphere theory(Habermas) and political participation’s indicators theory(rush). The achieve results confirm the positive effect of Telegram on political participation of women users in middle level in Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
735 - The conceptual transformation of women and politics in the newspapers of the Islamic Republic and Kayhan after the victory of the Islamic Revolution
gharineh keshishyan siraki khadije aghaaliThe present study tries to show how the concept of women and politics in the two prominent newspapers of our country, the Islamic Republic and Kayhan, has changed after the victory of the Islamic Revolution? And what share of the content published in these two newspaper MoreThe present study tries to show how the concept of women and politics in the two prominent newspapers of our country, the Islamic Republic and Kayhan, has changed after the victory of the Islamic Revolution? And what share of the content published in these two newspapers went to women? In this article, using the method of analysis - content and data collected from the National Library and the Islamic Consultative Assembly, as well as the archives of the above two newspapers to analyze the headlines, reports, photographs and cartoons published on the subject of women And politics is addressed. Based on the findings of the study, the hypothesis of this study, which was based on: Kayhan newspaper was generally inattentive to women's specific issues and after many years of the victory of the Islamic Revolution, this practice has not changed, but the Jomhuri Eslami newspaper Despite less history, more efforts to address women's specific issues have been rejected. The results show that the highest rate of growth in the conceptual evolution of women and politics is related to Kayhan newspaper. This research has been compared between these two newspapers using qualitative content analysis method and using quantitative statistics and statistical methods and the results of the follow-up research have been concluded on this issue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
736 - Quran and Women Civic Duty
علی شیرخانیPopulation on the earth is divided almost equally into two genders of men and women. Paternalism has been the order of the day since when man set foot on the earth. The question posed is how Quran which is the words of God, judges paternalism. In this article, it is aim MorePopulation on the earth is divided almost equally into two genders of men and women. Paternalism has been the order of the day since when man set foot on the earth. The question posed is how Quran which is the words of God, judges paternalism. In this article, it is aimed to investigate Quran verses 228, 34 and 33 in Surah Bagharah, Nesa and Ahzab respectively which jurist consults of the past and present considers them to imply women deprivation of assuming civil responsibilities. Conclusion in this article is that the above Quran’s verses referred to above negate the deprivation of women from being involved in civic activities. Women are authorized to become chairs and ministers, limitations as such are limited only to prophets’ wives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
737 - بررسی امکان خوانش متون ادبی از دیدگاه جامعه شناسی زبان: کاربرد الگو در خوانش آثار منتخب آلیس واکر
Laleh Masiha بهرنگ ترابیمقاله حاضر حاصل کوششی است درمسسیر روشنگری نقش پرارج نژاد، طبقه و جنسیت ونیز تبعیض نژادی و طبقاتی در حیات اجتماعی زنان سیاهپوست امریکایی از دیدگاه یکی از برجسته ترین نویسندگان معاصر سیاهپوست زن امریکایی: آلیس واکر. شیوۀ باز نمایی آن عوامل اجتماعی – فرهنگی، عمق تاثی Moreمقاله حاضر حاصل کوششی است درمسسیر روشنگری نقش پرارج نژاد، طبقه و جنسیت ونیز تبعیض نژادی و طبقاتی در حیات اجتماعی زنان سیاهپوست امریکایی از دیدگاه یکی از برجسته ترین نویسندگان معاصر سیاهپوست زن امریکایی: آلیس واکر. شیوۀ باز نمایی آن عوامل اجتماعی – فرهنگی، عمق تاثیر آنها و تبعات اجتماعی – فرهنگی و روان شناختی آن عوامل در زندگی فردی، خانوادگی واجتماعی زنان سیاهپوست امریکایی در آثار منتخب آلیس واکر مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفته اند. از آثار مهم آلیس واکر، داستانهای کوتاه " کاربرد روزمره " Everyday Use و "رز لیلی" Roselily از دید گاه زبانشناسی کاربردی ، بطور کامل مورد تجزیه وتحلیل بوده اند. سایر داستانهای کوتاه او نیز برای روشنگری و تو ضیح بیشتروعمیقتر مطلب مورد مراجعه و استناد قرار گرفته اند. روش کاربسته در مقاله حاضر "روش تحقیق توصیفی " می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
738 - زبان جنسیت: کنکاشی بر صورت های خطابی مرد و زن درمجموعه کتب آموزشی New Interchange Series
امیر بهروان مرجان وثوقیاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی صورت های خطابی در گفتگوی گویندگان زن و مرد در مکالمات مکتوب به زبان انگلیسی در مجموعه کتابهای درسی با عنوان "New Interchange Series" نوشته ی ریچاردز ، هال و پراکتور (1998) از انتشارات دانشگاه کمبریج انجام شد. در راستای این هدف ، محقق حاضر در ابتد Moreاین مطالعه با هدف بررسی صورت های خطابی در گفتگوی گویندگان زن و مرد در مکالمات مکتوب به زبان انگلیسی در مجموعه کتابهای درسی با عنوان "New Interchange Series" نوشته ی ریچاردز ، هال و پراکتور (1998) از انتشارات دانشگاه کمبریج انجام شد. در راستای این هدف ، محقق حاضر در ابتدا جداول توصیفی را در محیط رسمی و غیررسمی موضوع بندی شده در سه محور اجتماعی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی و در رابطه با صورت های خطابی که شخصیت های زن و مرد در چهار مورد تخصیص شامل (مرد/مرد، مرد/زن، زن/زن و زن/مرد) استفاده می کردند تنظیم نمودند. بر این اساس ، توزیع داده ها هنگام استفاده از صورت های خطابی نشان داد که در کل بیشترین درصد صورت های خطابی مربوط به ضمایر (67.7٪) است. نسبت تخصیص جنسیت بین گویندگان مکالمات نیز نشان داد که نوعا، تخصیص زن با مرد(52.3٪) و مرد به زن (36.4٪) در استفاده از ضمایر شخصی به عنوان صورت خطابی بیشترین میزان را در مقایسه با سایر موارد دارند. در نهایت، مجموعه داده ها از نظر تئوری های مربوط به نابرابری جنسیتی در مواد آموزشی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
739 - Legitimacy of Women's Testimony in Murder in Perspective of Imamieh Jurisprudence
ali akbar izadifard ahmadreza hasssnkhani hossein kaviarOne discussion that is related to testimony is women' testimony. Based on the viewpoints of the majority of jurists in public rights with the exception of adultery, basically, a woman's testimony alone, not worth causing to prove an offense. But non-financial rights of MoreOne discussion that is related to testimony is women' testimony. Based on the viewpoints of the majority of jurists in public rights with the exception of adultery, basically, a woman's testimony alone, not worth causing to prove an offense. But non-financial rights of people would not be proved by the testimony of women, both individually or concretely. In financial rights of people, testimony of two women together can prove the case. Some cases that are not visible by the men, only proved by women's testimony. In some case, jurists have variance including women's testimony in the murder. In this research we intend to analyze and discuss the status of women's testimony in the murder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
740 - Analyzing the Judicial Reasons of Opponents of Women's Political Velayat in Shiite Jurisprudence
mohammad etratdoust seyyed mohammad vazirifardPolitical participation of women in society has recently been more considered. Therefore, and because of some juridical doubts about the women's political Velayat(super authority), juridical analysis of this issue seems to be important. Hence in this paper, possibility MorePolitical participation of women in society has recently been more considered. Therefore, and because of some juridical doubts about the women's political Velayat(super authority), juridical analysis of this issue seems to be important. Hence in this paper, possibility and permit's range of women's political Velayat by study the Quran and Hadith and jurists and commentators' dictum is surveyed. By the result of the study it became clear that we can't lean decisively on the Quran's Verses to forbid women's political Velayat Though – in case of being permitted- some of them could be used as evidence. But according to the famous Prophetic Hadith, A book Hadijeh's one and consensus of scholars of Shiah and Sunnis in prohibiting general Velayat for women, we can adjudicate banning political Vilayat for the ruler of Muslim Ummah in general and supreme leader (Valiye Faqih) for women. But we can't adjudicate so for lower levels and in the Velayat such as of the president and members of parliament and ministers and other Managers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
741 - Sentence of Stoning and its Execution in the Absence of Kobra
ahmad beheshti vahid vahed javanThe sentence of stoning is one of the certain provisions in Islam.This sentence can not be educed directly from Holly Quran. Traditions in this area are abundant and in terms of the document are reliable. It should be noted that the philosophy of stoning sentence like MoreThe sentence of stoning is one of the certain provisions in Islam.This sentence can not be educed directly from Holly Quran. Traditions in this area are abundant and in terms of the document are reliable. It should be noted that the philosophy of stoning sentence like other Punishments is to prevent corruption and great anomalies of the society. On the other hand, despite the fact that there is no reason for assigning stoning sentence to special time such as presence time, there is no license to abandon these verses and traditions too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
742 - A Critical Study of Womenâs Judgment Prohibition Theory from Jurisprudence Philosophy Perspective
Alireza Pouresmaeili Alireza sadeqiWomen as judges has been one of the most challenging subjects in Shiite Jurisprudence (Fiqh), Law, Qur'anic Sciences, Hadith, and other fields. Some researchers in these fields have studied the women capacity for judgment and have tried to criticize the conventional app MoreWomen as judges has been one of the most challenging subjects in Shiite Jurisprudence (Fiqh), Law, Qur'anic Sciences, Hadith, and other fields. Some researchers in these fields have studied the women capacity for judgment and have tried to criticize the conventional approach in Shiite Jurisprudence that denies women's capacity to judge. This paper seeks to address the subject from a new perspective, i.e. the philosophy of Fiqh, and highlights the importance of Fiqh philosophy in Shiite jurisprudence, suggesting that this gap is created due to ignoring reasoning in Shiite jurisprudence. Finally, it is concluded that the issuance of such judicial decrees (Fatva) in Shiite Jurisprudence is rooted in the inefficacy of anti-rational Jurisprudence (Ijtihad) which can discredit Sharia as well Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
743 - Theological Reflection about Evidences of Women Judgeship Prohibition
hassan gholipourOne of the main issues that are considered judicially in the recent years is competence and incompetence of women adjudication responsibility. Most jurists accept the condition of being male to judge. But this is the issue that its dossier of scientific review is open b MoreOne of the main issues that are considered judicially in the recent years is competence and incompetence of women adjudication responsibility. Most jurists accept the condition of being male to judge. But this is the issue that its dossier of scientific review is open based on standards of legal issues. In jurisprudence, most jurists adjudge that condition of judgeship is being male. Those jurists referred to Quran, Tradition, Consensus and Wisdom to confirm their viewpoints. But in jurisprudence, there is contrary viewpoint. It predicates women judgeship is absolutely prohibited unless under certain circumstances. In this article, the author analyses evidences of women judgeship prohibition. Here, all the talk I review is that there is no reason to prohibit absolutely women judgeship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
744 - Diya for Women and the Legal Policy of Iran: From Commitment to the Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence (fiqh) to Human Rights Standards
Ghader Ahmadi Ahmad Moradkhani Sayyad Mohammad Mahdi Ahmadi Aliraza AsghariThe obligation to compensate for the damages incurred on individuals is regarded as one of the most important principles of Fiqh and Law, and the bodily harms to women are included among compensable bodily damages. In case of harm, a financial compensation known as Diya MoreThe obligation to compensate for the damages incurred on individuals is regarded as one of the most important principles of Fiqh and Law, and the bodily harms to women are included among compensable bodily damages. In case of harm, a financial compensation known as Diya is paid to the injured person, while in the pre-revolutionary laws of Iran, no reference was made to such financial compensations for damage. But with the victory of Islamic revolution and adopting of the Constitutional Law, an appropriate ground was developed for the judicial system of Iran to be adapted with Islamic legal principles as well as with the Shi'a Twelver doctrine. With the enactment of the Diyat Law, the amount of Diya for women was reduced to half the amount of Diya for men, in some cases. Due to the perception that exist about Islam enjoying a perfect legal system and assigning a fundamental role to women as well as the international adverse publicity of the ongoing law, the Legislature proceeded to resolve the problem of inequity of Diya for women and men re-codifying the Islamic Penal Code, enacted 2013, in order to disregard the gender for damage compensation and to observe the international norms. The legislators introduced the law that the government has to pay the balance of inequity of Diya for women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
745 - A Historical-Juridical Survey of Women’s Exile in accordance with Adultery Punishment Based on Feyz Kashani in his Mafatih Al-Shara'i'
Abbas Taghvaei Hossein Saberi Hossein Naseri MoghadamThe analysis or criticism of any of the thousands of jurisprudence issues which have been noticed by scholars in the related fields is of great importance which determines the role and position of each of the experts and prominent Shiite scholars in the development of r MoreThe analysis or criticism of any of the thousands of jurisprudence issues which have been noticed by scholars in the related fields is of great importance which determines the role and position of each of the experts and prominent Shiite scholars in the development of related basic subjects preparing the ground for proposing innovative issues in Islamic realms suitable for our modern time. Among these, the controversial issues are of more importance; therefore, we deal with one of them here, that is, the deportation of women due to adultery for which two viewpoints namely as the prominent (the opposing group) and the insignificant (the proponents of deportation) exist. In the current paper we are dealing with Imami Shi'a jurisprudence of historical trends with regard to this issue accompanied with the reasons of each of the above-mentioned groups especially Feyz Kashani’s. This is due to the reason that he has a special position in criticizing famous viewpoints even the social ones. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
746 - A Comparative Study related to Husband's Permission for his Wife to Go out for Work in Shia and Sunni jurisprudents' Views
Abdoolrasool AhmadianWomen's employment has become increasingly unavoidable in today's world. However, it is impermissible for a wife to go out for work except with her husband's permission, otherwise it can be considered as her disobedience or her refusal to fulfil her marital duties "NASH MoreWomen's employment has become increasingly unavoidable in today's world. However, it is impermissible for a wife to go out for work except with her husband's permission, otherwise it can be considered as her disobedience or her refusal to fulfil her marital duties "NASHUZ''. Concerning the wife's permission restriction to get out of the house, a group of Islamic jurists believes in the absolute necessity of receiving such permission from the male spouse while another group argues that it is permissible for the female spouse to go out unless it contradicts with her "absolute sexual submission". After all, the female spouse can get out of the house and work if needed. All Islamic religious parties are in consensus that if the female spouse employment - whether at home or away - is in full contradiction with the absolute right of male spouse regarding wife's sexual submission, it basically needs the consent of the male spouse in this respect. Shia and Sunni jurists share the same view that female spouse employment should not be conflicted with the interests of the family, nor with the dignity of both spouses, nor with the duty of parenting and strengthening the family. Having responsibility for providing care and support for the family, the male spouse can monitor and manage his wife's commute. Furthermore, according to the principle of free will, the female spouse can take possession of her properties while her husband has no right to interfere in her personal affairs, although the consent of her husband is considered to be a virtue. The employment option and the permission to get out of the house, as the condition of marriage, can be included in the prenuptial agreement or marriage contract by the female spouse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
747 - Jurisprudence Reflections in Examining and Reviewing the Arguments of Some Women without Mercy
Rahman Valizadeh Ali PirdehiEdde is the amount of time when the woman dies or refuses to remarry when the woman dies in order to cleanse her womb from the fetus. Now, in the case of Edde, women who have made their uterus out of medical reasons have two conceivable views; a view is that the use of MoreEdde is the amount of time when the woman dies or refuses to remarry when the woman dies in order to cleanse her womb from the fetus. Now, in the case of Edde, women who have made their uterus out of medical reasons have two conceivable views; a view is that the use of evidence and narratives relate to this category of women, and the other viewpoint, due to the appearance of some traditions and generality, is that they do not need to preserve Edde. The purpose of this study is to investigate the arguments of Edde and rereading Islamic beliefs about the issue. Then, the theoretical and fundamental method has been studied based on the principles to deduce this order. The result is that women who have withdrawn their womb have no need to preserve people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
748 - Effectiveness of Teaching Communication Skills on Married Women Quality of Life
Faezeh Fouladi Javad Eghaei Masoud Golamalipour Sanaz Barzegar Kahnamoueh Raziyeh JalvaniThe study was designed and administered to study the effectiveness of teaching communicative skills on improving the married women's qualities of life. The research method was semi-experimental which has pretest, posttest and witness group. The sample include 30 women w MoreThe study was designed and administered to study the effectiveness of teaching communicative skills on improving the married women's qualities of life. The research method was semi-experimental which has pretest, posttest and witness group. The sample include 30 women who referred to Mehr Counseling Center in Qom and they were selected as a sample and completed (whoqol-brief) quality of life questionnaire (World Health Organization 2004) twice as a pretest and posttest. The witness group was taught communication skills in 8 sessions, for 2 months. The results of analyzing covariance showed increasing the average of scores of the quality of life in test group than the average in witness group. Studying the average of scores of the quality of life factors separately in test and witness group showed that mental health factors and environment had meaningful difference, while this difference was not seen in physical health factors and social relations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
749 - Investigating and Identifying some Factors Effective on the Development of Women's Sports Marketing in West Azerbaijan Province
Mohammad rahim Najaf zadeh Farkh lega Njafzadeh Mehdi Rostami Jhela MorseliThe purpose of the present study was to identify and assess some factors affecting the development of Women's Sports marketing in WestAzerbaijanProvince from the viewpoint of the managers of Women's Sport clubs as well as the experts and managers of the physical educati MoreThe purpose of the present study was to identify and assess some factors affecting the development of Women's Sports marketing in WestAzerbaijanProvince from the viewpoint of the managers of Women's Sport clubs as well as the experts and managers of the physical education offices in WestAzarbaijanProvince. The statistical population consisted of the managers and coaches of Women's sports clubs (60 people) and managers and experts of the physical education offices in WestAzarbaijan Province(50 people), (N=110). The research tools was a questionnaire comprising 45 closed questions, the validity and reliability of which had already been confirmed (α=0.95). The results of factor analysis of the data indicated that 11 factors (sponsorship, place management and distribution channels, product management, process management, pricing management, the powers governing the markets and media, physical evidence, public relations management, motivational factors, the expectations of spectators and fans, and validation of teams) were the most important factors affecting the development of women's sports marketing in West Azerbaijan Province. It is necessary that the attention and investment of the head office of physical department as well as the managers of women's sports clubs and sports marketers of the province by focused on these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
750 - بررسی سرمایه فرهنگی و خود پنداره بدنی زنان جوان (مطالعه موردی زنان 18 تا 40 سال شهر اصفهان 1394 )
علی هاشمیان فر اعظم ولایتی امیررضا رضیخودپنداره بدنی یا تصور از بدن یکی از فاکتورها و مشخصه­های اصلی در برداشت از هویت خود در افراد به خصوص جوانان است که به ویژه در سال­های اخیر مورد توجه متخصصین شاخه­های متفاوت علوم انسانی و اجتماعی قرار گرفته است. در واقع تصور از بدن را می­توان یکی از مهمت Moreخودپنداره بدنی یا تصور از بدن یکی از فاکتورها و مشخصه­های اصلی در برداشت از هویت خود در افراد به خصوص جوانان است که به ویژه در سال­های اخیر مورد توجه متخصصین شاخه­های متفاوت علوم انسانی و اجتماعی قرار گرفته است. در واقع تصور از بدن را می­توان یکی از مهمترین مواردی دانست که خواه و نا خواه تأثیر بسیاری در روابط اجتماعی ما دارند. این تصور و برداشت در خصوص زنان به لحاظ تجربه تاریخی و نگرش ساختاری از اهمیت ویژه­ای برخوردار است. پژوهش حاضر با توجه به اهمیت این مسأله در برهه کنونی وضعیت اجتماعی زنان جامعه ایرانی انجام شده است و هدف اصلی آن رسیدن به این پرسش است که آیا بین تصور از بدن و سرمایه فرهنگی زنان مورد بررسی رابطه­ای وجود دارد؟ به این منظور از جامعه آماری زنان 18 تا 40 سال ساکن شهر اصفهان تعداد 220 نفر به عنوان نمونه آماری با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه مورد قرار گرفته­اند. در تحلیل آماری از نرم افزار Amose 18 در بررسی رابطه سرمایه فرهنگی و تصور زنان از بدن خویش (برداشت از بدن) از رویکرد دو مرحله ای استفاده شده است.با توجه به شاخص های اندازه گیری مدل ترسیمی، فرضیه تحقیق تایید گردید و نتایج نشان از رابطه معنا دار بین دو متغیر سرمایه فرهنگی و برداشت از بدن در بین زنان دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
751 - ارزیابی و سنجش مؤلفههای سرمایه اجتماعی و تأثیر آن در امنیت زنان ( نمونه موردی: منطقه 3 ساری)
صدیقه لطفی جاوید ملازاده مصطفی قدمی ابوالحسن شاکریبررسی رابطه سرمایه اجتماعی با امنیت اجتماعی در فضاهای شهری بویژه برای زنان از اهمیت خاصی جهت رسیدن به یک جامعه شهری پایدار برخوردار است. هدف اصلی این مقاله بررسی تأثیر مؤلفههای سرمایه اجتماعی بر امنیت زنان در سطح محلهای است. روش تحقیق مبتنی بر روشهای توصیفی-تحلیلی و Moreبررسی رابطه سرمایه اجتماعی با امنیت اجتماعی در فضاهای شهری بویژه برای زنان از اهمیت خاصی جهت رسیدن به یک جامعه شهری پایدار برخوردار است. هدف اصلی این مقاله بررسی تأثیر مؤلفههای سرمایه اجتماعی بر امنیت زنان در سطح محلهای است. روش تحقیق مبتنی بر روشهای توصیفی-تحلیلی و انجام مطالعه پیمایشی جهت تکمیل پرسشنامه ها بوده است..جهت سنجش سرمایهی اجتماعی از 5 مؤلفه و 30 گویه و برای سنجش امنیت، از 4 مؤلفه و 11 گویه استفاده شده است. جهت آزمون فرضیه تحقیق از آزمونهای آماری Tو ضریب همبستگی پیرسون استفاده شد، که نتایج آزمونT نشان میدهد که بین 5 مؤلفه سرمایه اجتماعی، تنها مؤلفه مشارکت اجتماعی در وضعیت مناسب و چهار مؤلفه اعتماد، انسجام، روابط اجتماعی و آگاهی در وضعیت متوسط رو به بالا قرار دارند و نتایج ضریب همبستگی پیرسون از وجود همبستگی معنی دار میان مؤلفههای سرمایه اجتماعی و احساس امنیت بانوان حکایت دارد که بیشترین همبستگی بین مؤلفهها، سهم مؤلفهی انسجام اجتماعی با مقدار309/0 میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
752 - A Study of Self-Confidence and Its Role in the Political Socialization of Cultural Women (Case Study of Female education staff in Ahvaz)
Azita Zangeneh Abodoreza Hashemi Isaq Arjmand Siyahposh -
Open Access Article
753 - Effective Factors in Women's Social Participation in Deylam City
Issaq Arjmand SiyahPoush Daryosh Rezapour Behrooz Shahoonvand -
Open Access Article
754 - Semantic Reconstruction of Beauty and Makeup for Young Females: The Phenomenological Study
Milad Pourrajabi Alireza Ghobadi -
Open Access Article
755 - بررسی مطالعه جامعه شناختی- فرهنگی عوامل موثر بر جراحی زیبایی زنان ( مطالعه موردی زنان شهرستان نور)
علی اصغر عباسی اسفجیر مصطفی قاسمی -
Open Access Article
756 - Investigating the Relationship between Religiosity and Social Health in Shoush
Soraya Al-Kasir Gholamreza Tajbakhsh Esmaeil Sharifi -
Open Access Article
757 - Study of Women's Social Security and Social Factors Affecting it (Case Study of Young Women Aged 15-64 in Babol)
Zahra Najafi Ali Asghar Abbasi Asfajer Manouchehr Pahlavan -
Open Access Article
758 - Comparison of Social Lifestyle of Employed Women and Housewives in Gilane-Gharb (Case Study: Young Women Aged 25-40 Years Old)
Masoumeh Heidary Zargoush Ehsan Najafi Mohammad Hossien Asadi davood Abadi Akbar Zohrabi -
Open Access Article
759 - Evaluating the Role of Education and the Economic Base of Women in Promoting the Culture of Environmental Protection in Gilane Gharb
Masoumeh Heidari Zargoosh Abolghasem Heidarabadi Mohammad Rahim Safari -
Open Access Article
760 - Investigating the Social and Cultural Factors Affecting Young Women's Sexual Intrusion (Case Study: Khorram Abad City)
Tahereh Nazari Esmaeel Jahanbakhsh Asghar Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
761 - A Study on the Organizational and Structural Barriers of Women's Participation in the Administrative Structure of Iran (Young Women Employed in Private Sector of District 6 in Tehran)
Sanam Bani Hassan Masoumeh Motlaq Masoud Darabi -
Open Access Article
762 - A Study on the Domestic Violence among Families of Dehgolan City; With Emphasis on Violence against Women
Saeed Khani Jamal Adhami Ali Hatami Javad Bani-Amerian -
Open Access Article
763 - Substance Abuse among Young Female Sex Workers in Tehran Metropolitan
Payam Roshanfekr Saeed Madani Qahfarokhi Maryam Ranjbar Babak Nasiri Mohammad Ali Mohammadi -
Open Access Article
764 - A Study on the Effective Socio-economic Factors of Violence against Women in Ahwas
Ishaq Arjmand Siapoush Faryal Ajam Dashtinezhad -
Open Access Article
765 - Survival Time of Young Women Childbearing in Tehran
Adel Abdollahi Arezoo Bagheri Mahsa Saadati -
Open Access Article
766 - Investigating the Relationship between Social Capital, Political Participation and Socialization of Female Employees
mahboube soleimanpouromran Mohammad Elhami -
Open Access Article
767 - A Study on the Effective Factors Influencing on Participation of Women and Girls in Development of Rural Areas of Charmahal Bakhtiyari( A case study in Farsan Villages)
Ramin Ghaffari Masoumeh Torki Harchegani -
Open Access Article
768 - Evaluating the Impact of Social Capital on the Empowerment of Young Female Heads of Households (Case Study of Bojnourd)
Hadi Afra Esmaeil Ghorbani Samira Khoramdel -
Open Access Article
769 - Comparison of three training methods of working with weights, aerobics, TRX on the body composition of women in Sadra city
sama zarei Ghobad Hassanpour marya rahmanighobadiObesity and inactivity are the main causes of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; Although the role of physical activity on people's health has been reported, the type of exercise and the most favorable method of physical activity on improving body composition are st MoreObesity and inactivity are the main causes of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; Although the role of physical activity on people's health has been reported, the type of exercise and the most favorable method of physical activity on improving body composition are still of interest to researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare three methods of aerobic exercise, traditional resistance and TRX on the body composition of women in Sadra city. In this applied research, 24 women with an age range of 27 to 32 years and a weight range of 60 to 65 kg were selected as a statistical sample and randomly divided into groups of (1) aerobic exercise, (2) resistance exercise and (3) exercise TRX were split. Then, the subjects of each group performed the selected exercises for three sessions a week and each session lasted 40 to 60 minutes during the eight-week period. Body fat percentage, mineral mass, body protein mass, body water percentage and net body mass were measured in the pre-test and post-test of the research by BOCAX1 body composition evaluation device made in South Korea. It seems that the three methods of training did not have a significant difference in changing the body composition of women; Also, the factor of time and the number of training sessions along with daily calorie evaluation have been very important factors in the results of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
770 - Prioritization of the most important employment barriers for the rural women in Chardavol Township
masomeh jamshidi alireza jamshidi Fatmeh JamshidiConsidering the importance of rural women employment in the household economy and reduce the economic burden caused by a lack of income in rural households, this study has identified barriers to employment for rural women in Chardavol Township. And by 12 experts from Ji MoreConsidering the importance of rural women employment in the household economy and reduce the economic burden caused by a lack of income in rural households, this study has identified barriers to employment for rural women in Chardavol Township. And by 12 experts from Jihad Agriculture Organization of Chardavol township, the barriers of women's employment is prioritized using the analytic network process.Information required compiled by the questionnaire in 2014. The Super Decision software was used for the statistical calculation. The results showed that the barriers of women's employment in this township are respectively: Feeling maternal, inability to compete for jobs, low bargaining power of women, masculine jobs, Wage differences between men and women, the lack of teaching of jobs for women, unrelated education about women, kind of jobs, low physical ability, the task of raising a child, family prejudices, housekeeping duties, unpaid domestic work, the emotional nature of women, illiterate women, Indecent of women's employment and good financial condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
771 - survey and analyse the factors of tourism development from the view of women tourists in the city Darrehshahr
Reza JahanbinThe beginning of tourism planning, behavior, and a tourist at a tourist spot with emphasis on assessing the current situation, the capabilities and versatility of demanding tourists, who provide the planning process to facilitate the development of tourism. The female t MoreThe beginning of tourism planning, behavior, and a tourist at a tourist spot with emphasis on assessing the current situation, the capabilities and versatility of demanding tourists, who provide the planning process to facilitate the development of tourism. The female tourists from the key tenets of the industry, has always been neglected. Darrehshahr city (the ancient name Madaktu) in Ilam province is one of the areas prone in the field of tourism. Hence, the present study, the capabilities and advantages of tourism in the area of tourism development from the perspective of tourist women studied, analyzed and evaluated, as well as tourists satisfaction with the measured variables and the development strategies tourism has proposed for women in this city. The cross-correlation methods were used to collect information and documentary studies library and a survey (questionnaire developed by the researchers) were used. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlation coefficient, ANOVA and Scheffe post hoc test was used. The findings, most important obstacles and tourist attractions of the city Darrehshahr tourists determined women viewing angle. Also, one can Tourists satisfaction was measured variables; and finally, according to results presented suggestions for tourism boom women in the area Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
772 - Analysis of Factors Preventing and Promoting the Development of Rural Women's Participation, A Case Study: Sardabe Village, Central Part of Ardabil
Bahram Imani Arastoo Yarihesar Ziba RohnavazAchieving development goals is impossible without paying attention to the role of women, and rural women play a key role as one of the main actors in achieving the Millennium Development Goals.The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the factors prevent MoreAchieving development goals is impossible without paying attention to the role of women, and rural women play a key role as one of the main actors in achieving the Millennium Development Goals.The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the factors preventing and promoting the development of rural women's participation in Sardaba district. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and the method used in it is a combined method with a sequential exploratory approach that uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches. In the first phase, using the qualitative method of qualitative content analysis, the data collected through the review of available sources and interviews, key concepts were extracted from the text of notes and interviews, and during open coding, 18 inhibiting factors and 17 promoting factors were divided into three groups. The main economic, socio-cultural and political factors were identified. Then in the quantitative phase, using the survey method; The extracted indicators were ranked and analyzed. The necessary technique to obtain the required data is library and field (questionnaire). The statistical population of the present study is the population of women in 11 villages of Sardaba village in the central part of Ardabil city with a population of 3179. To determine the sample size, Cochran's formula was used, and according to this formula, the statistical sample number was 345. Structural equation method and Lisrel software were used to analyze the data. The ranking based on the standardized factor load showed that socio-cultural factor with an effect factor of 0.95, political factor with an effect factor of 0.92, and economic factor with an effect factor of 0.89 are the most important factors hindering the development of rural women's participation. In terms of promoting factors, the political factor with an effect factor of 0.94 is the most important promoting factor in the development of rural women's participation. The socio-cultural factor with an effect factor of 0.90 is the second group, followed by the economic factors with an effect factor of 0.86 as factors that promote the development of rural women's participation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
773 - Investigating Womanliness in Women's' Contemporary Ode (Case Study: Najmeh Zareh, Kobra Musavi Ghahfarrokhi, Pantea Safayi)
Morteza Rashidi Hana MoaviThe way a poet looks at the world and connects with that, also their inner feelings, emotions, and utilizing a proper language to express these feelings specifies their style of poetry. This article tries to investigate the poets of Pantea Safayi, Kobra Musavi and Najme MoreThe way a poet looks at the world and connects with that, also their inner feelings, emotions, and utilizing a proper language to express these feelings specifies their style of poetry. This article tries to investigate the poets of Pantea Safayi, Kobra Musavi and Najmeh Zareh based on their thought and feminine language. To achieve this goal, feminine emotion in their poetry language has been studied at first. In all these poetry, love and human emotions are the main contents that organizes the content. Hope and disappointment can be observed in their poetry with different frequencies, at the same time. Effect of religious branch and religious beliefs have been investigated in their poems, also their creativity and imagination power with a feminine look has been explained. In the end, differences and similarities in their poets are mentioned considering their poetry content Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
774 - Investigating the Enrichment Aspects of the Female Face in Iranian Home School Literature
nasrin jabbar khalaji bonab aziz hojjaji kahajoogh Arash MoshfeghiOne of the ways to access popular literature in Iran is home-based literature based on oral literature, written and taught to students in the old home school. Since woman is one of the most important subjects in the arts and crafts throughout the universe, it is importa MoreOne of the ways to access popular literature in Iran is home-based literature based on oral literature, written and taught to students in the old home school. Since woman is one of the most important subjects in the arts and crafts throughout the universe, it is important to examine the richness of the female form in the works of home school. The purpose of this research, which is a library-based study based on a descriptive-analytical approach, is to investigate the rich aspects of the female landscape in home school literature. Accordingly, 27 home school tales in which female enrichment is visible are selected and studied. The research findings show that the most frequently enriched aspect of the female face in home school literature is her praise of physical beauty. Love is also the main theme of the richness of the female image in romantic poems. Repentance, soliloquy, hypocrisy, humor, cheerfulness, and cursing are also aspects of the richness that make up the lesser richness of a woman. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
775 - Socio-economic Characteristics of women working in the informal sector (Case study: District 2, Rasht)
Robabeh mohammadzadeh Maryam Jafari MehrabadiAlong with increasing population of cities, informal employment is considered to be an integral part of the economy of the cities, which is known as a source of subsistence for poor families of the each city. A considerable part of informal labor force consists of stree MoreAlong with increasing population of cities, informal employment is considered to be an integral part of the economy of the cities, which is known as a source of subsistence for poor families of the each city. A considerable part of informal labor force consists of street vendors throughout the world, working in public spaces of the cities. Most of them are women. In this study, women street vendors have been investigated as one of the aspects of informal businesses. It also aims to scrutinize the social-economical characteristics of women working in the informal sector in district two of Rasht, streets and places where they sell their products, and also their geographical origins. The method is survey with descriptive-analytical approach. Data collection tool is questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis findings are as follows: Most of studied woman are either illiterate or unlearned. Most of them live in rural areas of Rasht. Most of them are between 40 and 59. Most of them are the only financial supplier for their households. More than half of studied population sells vegetables and other sorts of perishable substances. Respectively the streets of Sardar-E-Jangal, Motahari, and Shariati are hosting the most women working as street vendors. Most of them are from villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
776 - Role of women's participation in the development of local settlements A case study of Gilvan & Ab –bar area in the Tarom County, Iran
Naser Shafiei Sabet Somayeh YosefiThe present study, in a local settlements sustainable development framework, has a systematic and holistic overview of promoting women's participation in the development of economic and social activities in the Tarom area; It intends to identify factors affecting women' MoreThe present study, in a local settlements sustainable development framework, has a systematic and holistic overview of promoting women's participation in the development of economic and social activities in the Tarom area; It intends to identify factors affecting women's participation and the development of local settlements (urban and rural), and the degree of importance of each factor. In this descriptive- analytical research, views of 391 households in 24 settlements were randomly studied. Statistical analysis and qualitative study shows that family and individual abilities of women, and the capability of agricultural and non-agricultural beneficiary households have provided an effective participation of women in economic and social activities in the study area, rather than supportive and guidance policies of political system. Thus, technical training for women, giving official documents to obtain a license for establishing agricultural processing industries, self-employment loans, and paying attention to the role of women in rural-urban settlements development planning process are recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
777 - Analyzing the Influential Components on Women’s Sense of Social Security in Public Green Spaces (A Case Study of Niavaran Park, District 1 of Tehran Municipality)
Batoul Majidi Khameneh Parviz Aghaei Saeid Zarghami Hossein RaesiWomen’s sense of social security is one of those important issues which occupy a prominent position in the feminist approaches. Along with the development of human societies, there have arisen diverse questions and controversies about women’s sense of social MoreWomen’s sense of social security is one of those important issues which occupy a prominent position in the feminist approaches. Along with the development of human societies, there have arisen diverse questions and controversies about women’s sense of social security. For example, can a woman lead a free life without fear in today’s world? In recent years, various studies have been conducted throughout the world, including Iran. Considering this necessity, the current study seeks to investigate those components that are influential on women’s sense of social security in public green spaces. The methodology used is descriptive-analytical and it is practical in terms of its purpose. The sample size consists of 165 female persons. They have been selected randomly. Apart from descriptive statistics, Gamma and Lambda correlations tests as well as Pearson and Regression tests were utilized for analyzing the data. The results indicated that women’s sense of social security in Niavaran Park is relatively strong. Nonetheless, the main argument focuses on the determination of influential components. The findings showed that the social capital with 0.69 and groupism with 0.19 regression coefficients had the lowest and the highest impact on the women’s sense of social security in Niavaran Park respectively. Furthermore, factors like age (0.36), education (0.53) and financial situation (0.35) had a positive relationship with women’s sense of social security. Generally, women’s security in society falls under the influence of social and environmental conditions on one hand and socio-economic base of the family on the other hand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
778 - An Analysis of Female’s Preferences in Tehran’s Public Spaces
maryam farahzad mojtaba rafieian atefeh jabbari Abbas arghanPublic spaces should be designed in a way to allow the presence of women alongside men without any personal concerns and social limitations. Our intention with of the present study is to show how urban activities and urban design context may lead to positive effects on MorePublic spaces should be designed in a way to allow the presence of women alongside men without any personal concerns and social limitations. Our intention with of the present study is to show how urban activities and urban design context may lead to positive effects on the women’s satisfaction in the district 22 of Tehran municipality. Moreover, the level of masculinity or femininity in the public spaces has been studied and the gender equality has been analyzed from the women’s view. This is a practical research method with a critical approach. The required data have been obtained through questionnaires and interviews. The computation has been done using the SPSS software. The results of the study shows that in women’s’ views, women are more likely to be present in the commercial urban spaces and after the public spaces in the religious characteristic, sports public spaces, parks and other recreational spaces and cultural centers respectively. Accordingly, the more accessibility, safety and pastime a public space possesses, the more females’ desire to use it. Hence, with regard to our study it should be mentioned that commercial urban spaces have the highest gender equality compared with religious, sports recreational spaces and cultural public spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
779 - A Comparative Analysis of Gender Justice with an Approach to Promoting Women’s Empowerment in Utilizing Urban Space with an Emphasis on the Concept of the Glass Ceiling (A case of Qazvin)
Elham kakavand Rahim HashempourCity and urban space represent pervasive social phenomena, and the productivity and utility of urban spaces are crucial considerations in any study examining the daily lives of both men and women. The imperative for presence in space is universal, transcending gender, a MoreCity and urban space represent pervasive social phenomena, and the productivity and utility of urban spaces are crucial considerations in any study examining the daily lives of both men and women. The imperative for presence in space is universal, transcending gender, age, income level, occupation, and other factors. The presence of women in urban spaces, akin to men, stands as a paramount indicator of urban justice. Thus, this article employs a descriptive-analytical method and utilizes SPSS software for data analysis to assess the degree of gender justice in urban space. Additionally, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests are employed for the component grouping evaluation, involving the distribution of 368 Likert scale questionnaires across three areas of Qazvin. The questionnaire design implicitly considers the concept of the glass roof and urban space norms for women. The study results reveal that, in the regions of Qazvin, women's utilization of urban space is more pronounced compared to other areas. This disparity is attributed to the dominance of an active and dynamic urban space in this region, challenging the concept of the glass roof and showcasing increased presence of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
780 - The Role of Defenseless Urban Spaces in Women's Security (A Case Study of Jiroft, Kerman Province)
Lotfali Kozegar Kaleji Ali NouroziThe growing trend of urban development and the fundamental changes in the body structure of cities have made it imperative to pay attention to the quality of urban spaces. The low level of quality of space, which is considered an unprotected space, is strongly influence MoreThe growing trend of urban development and the fundamental changes in the body structure of cities have made it imperative to pay attention to the quality of urban spaces. The low level of quality of space, which is considered an unprotected space, is strongly influenced by the security of citizens and especially vulnerable groups such as women. In this regard, this study emphasizes the role of unprotected spaces in Jiroft, to assess the extent of its relationship and its impact on women's security. The necessary data were collected using a questionnaire. Using the independent t-test, Kendal's correlation and regression, first, the quality of urban spaces and then its relationship and its impact on women's safety were determined. The results of the study, which were extracted from a sample of 383 people, show that nine quality indicators of space with a score of 2.7 are lower than the average of 3, which indicates the development of defenseless spaces in the city of Jiroft. Also, the relationship between unprotected spaces and women's security can be confirmed with a coefficient of 0.577 and an error level of 0.000. Finally, using the regression test, the effect of women's security on these spaces with a correlation coefficient of 0.655 and an impact level of 41% indicates the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. It can be stated that due to the dissatisfaction of women with the quality of urban spaces and the positive relationship between these spaces and the level of security, it is necessary to review urban design, especially in marginal areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
781 - Investigating Women’s Covering and Hijab in Qajar Dynasty Reflecting upon the Works of Foreign Tourists of That Period (From Agha Mohammed Khan Kingdom to Mozafar-edin Shah Period)
Mohammad Reza Alam sakineh DonyariQajar dynasty is a historical period in which women had a particular type of hijab. Women always had a different position in the society from the ancient times up to Qajar dynasty. This particular position of women became even more prominent during Qajar dynasty. In thi MoreQajar dynasty is a historical period in which women had a particular type of hijab. Women always had a different position in the society from the ancient times up to Qajar dynasty. This particular position of women became even more prominent during Qajar dynasty. In this period, women always had hijab and wore chador with a mask over their face when they were present in the society. This study aims to investigate the social status of Iranian women including those in religious minorities – Armenians and Zoroastrians – from the kingdom of Agha Mohammed Khan toMozafar-edin Shah period reflecting upon the works of foreign tourists of that time. The main question raised here is how the foreign tourists narrated Iranian women’s, including those in religious minorities’, hijab. Having employed a descriptive-analytical methodology and the library resources, the findings of the present study show that the type of women’s hijab depended on their social class. The court or other rich women had more luxurious covering compared to ordinary women and there were some differences in their type of sewing, color, and jewelry. The women of religious minorities also had different coverings based on their religious beliefs. Armenian women often wore red and yellow, filigreed dresses and white chadors. They also wore masks over their mouths. Zoroastrian women had chadors and colorful headbands. Their clothes were mainly in silk and decorated with jewelry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
782 - Discourse of the Islamic Revolution on the Political and Social Status of Women with Emphasis on the State-Constructive and Reform Approach
Gholamhossein Zargarinejad sina forosezh fatemah haghani sarmiAt the threshold of the Islamic Revolution, a new discourse on women was introduced in Iran, which can be called the Islamic Revolution Discourse. This discourse, by critiquing existing discourses on women, traditional and quasi-modern discourse, introduced a new approa MoreAt the threshold of the Islamic Revolution, a new discourse on women was introduced in Iran, which can be called the Islamic Revolution Discourse. This discourse, by critiquing existing discourses on women, traditional and quasi-modern discourse, introduced a new approach to the way women look in Iran. The discourse of the Islamic Revolution as the dominant discourse after the revolution took the position of power and reconstructed the position of women. This article attempts to describe the discourses, constructive state approach and reform by explaining these discourses in an analytical way. To answer this question in particular, to what extent is the Islamic Republic of Iran respecting the social rights of women as half of the population? The hypothesis of the present study is that the emphasis of the Islamic Revolution discourse is on the active participation of women in the social and political spheres. So as the social and political developments of women's society have been able to gain social status and status Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
783 - The women's role in textile production cycle and its effect on the flourishing of the Safavid's economy
Neda Kabeh Hossein Khosravi Sohrab EslamiThe study of the role of woman in textile production cycle , which includes economic activities , in safavid period provides a more complete picture of how islamic civilization flourished in this era . the research question is how islamic - shiite approach of safavid er MoreThe study of the role of woman in textile production cycle , which includes economic activities , in safavid period provides a more complete picture of how islamic civilization flourished in this era . the research question is how islamic - shiite approach of safavid era in preparing the essential Religioussubstrates , social and economic contexts for women economic activities in the field of textile production . the results obtained in this study showed that women in light of conditions emerged from islamic - shia laws could benefit from religious backgrounds like women 's separation from men in society in women related professions such as raw silk , Wool spinning and participation in producing textiles and handicrafts such as textiles , carpets and Embroidered gold. in addition , women by means of teaching such as endowment were able to create inns and roads to economic prosperity for commerce in safavid era Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
784 - The Role of the Harem in Determining the King's Successor in the Safavid Era
zahra rezaee naser jadidi mohammad karim yousef jamaliThe harem, or odalisque, was notable as a center for political decision-makings in the Safavid Era when court women could play effective roles in the political arena in case appropriate conditions were met. Safavid women played significant roles in the field of politics MoreThe harem, or odalisque, was notable as a center for political decision-makings in the Safavid Era when court women could play effective roles in the political arena in case appropriate conditions were met. Safavid women played significant roles in the field of politics: they engaged in general politics during the governments of Shah Ismail I and Tahmasp I. During the administration of Shah Ismail II and Shah Mohammad Khodabanda, women gained so much power that they could dismiss one and throne the other. Such powerfulness of harem women caused Shah Abbas to make attempts to limit this institution in the court and confine their engagements. Despite his attempts, however, a center of power was formed in harem in which both women and eunuchs engaged. A survey of Safavid texts indicates that women and eunuchs played significant parts in appointment and dismissal of governors with regard to their roles in schooling princes. The present study, bearing a descriptive-analytical approach, indicated that Safavid harem of women played significant roles in determination of king’s successor, despite their sociopolitical limitations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
785 - A Study of Iranshahr Magazine Discourse on Women
hamzeh hoseini Mohammad Reza AlamAfter the Iranian society became acquainted with Western modernity, various currents and groups tried to change the status and rights of women through various methods, including the publication of newspapers and magazines. In this article, we tried to examine the discou MoreAfter the Iranian society became acquainted with Western modernity, various currents and groups tried to change the status and rights of women through various methods, including the publication of newspapers and magazines. In this article, we tried to examine the discourse of Iranshahr magazine towards women. Thus, the main question of the present official is what was the approach of Iranshahr magazine's discourse to the category of women and what effect did it have on the discourse of the first Pahlavi government towards women? The findings of this study show that the governors of Iranshahr in the context of the transition of Iranian society from the Qajar government to the first Pahlavi government considered the transformation of women and their progress as one of the manifestations of the modern nation government and in Reza Shah's modern plans and reforms They focused on the important issues and provided solutions such as inclusive education and training of women, enacting laws to change the rights and status of women, combating the status and traditional views about women and also following the example of Western nations in some cases to improve the status. As one of the pioneering magazines in addressing the issue of women, they had a significant impact on the thoughts and views of Iranians on the rights and status of women and led to effective steps in the evolution of society and government towards women in the first Pahlavi period.Keywords: Discourse, Iranshahr, Women, Progress, Freedom. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
786 - Social functions of the family with emphasis on the role of women in the Safavid era
Neda Kabeh Koorosh FathiSocial functions of the family with emphasis on the role of womenin the Safavid era The family, as the smallest and most important social institution, has various functions in the economic, social and cultural fields. Meanwhile, women have played a different role in the MoreSocial functions of the family with emphasis on the role of womenin the Safavid era The family, as the smallest and most important social institution, has various functions in the economic, social and cultural fields. Meanwhile, women have played a different role in these areas. In the Safavid period, following the historiographical approaches, there was a patriarchal attitude to historical and social developments. Therefore, the present study aims to show that women have had an effective presence in the historical events of the Safavid era, but following the approach of historiography, this presence has not been drawn in accordance with reality. The main research question is the approach of Safavid historical sources to the role of women in society? is. The findings of this research, which was done by descriptive-analytical method, show that, contrary to the general approach of historical sources, women had influential social roles, but due to the predominance of male-centered view in traditional historiography, they have received less attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
787 - A meta-analysis of women's political and social participation in the last 4 decades
reza fazel sara ebrahimi hamid ansariThe purpose of this study is to meta-analyze the political and social participation of women in the last 4 decades. The aim of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively combine the results of research conducted in socio-political participation to determine the MoreThe purpose of this study is to meta-analyze the political and social participation of women in the last 4 decades. The aim of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively combine the results of research conducted in socio-political participation to determine the factors affecting political and social participation and the intensity of the impact of each of them on these variables through the intensity coefficient. The impact should be calculated and the most effective factors on participation should be identified. Therefore, this study has been carried out using the documentary research method, by taking notes from the published study in this field. Findings indicated that the variables of political effectiveness, feeling of legal inequality, political awareness, social and economic status, self-confidence, age, mass media, stereotypes, women's employment, marital status, feeling of gender inequality, sociability, Traditional beliefs and literacy levels are considered as more effective barriers to women's social and political participation, respectively. As a result, these barriers have led to the low presence of women in limited cases, and by removing these barriers and changing misconceptions and the proper education and socialization of women and girls from an early age, they must be promoted to high political positions and Socially prepared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
788 - Review of women's educational demands in the Qajar period based on "Habalamatin Kolkata newspaper"
shirin sharifiThis article explains the reasons and motivations of knowledgeable and pioneering women of the Qajar era in order to make themselve enjoy the modern education. The women's need for education and training in a new and non-traditional style was a prerequisite for all thei MoreThis article explains the reasons and motivations of knowledgeable and pioneering women of the Qajar era in order to make themselve enjoy the modern education. The women's need for education and training in a new and non-traditional style was a prerequisite for all their desires, because without an effective education, their other desires would not be possible to be fulfilled. The findings show that reasons such as: the emergence of competent women to raise children, equalization with men, the right to vote, promotion of the family value, and the acquisition of rights and competencies formed their intellectual framework in justifying the patriarchal society of that time.The demands voices of women, and even men alike, were reflected in an atmosphere that was the inheritor of traditional cultures, religious readings and practices mixed with prejudice and self-thinking of its performers, that made the realization of this dream difficult. The women's community has set its expectations in the role of mother and wife from a long-term strategic perspective, and has left the idea of its independent individuality to the women of the future. The main source in this research is the texts of Habalamatiin Kolkata newspaper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
789 - Investigating the Role of Influential Courtiers in Choosing the King's Successor in the Safavid Era
zahra rezaee naser jadidi mohammad karim yousef jamaliIn Iran's history, king succession has been marked an important issue. Often when a king was weak or dead, contenders emerged for taking power. Occasionally, despite the powerful king, there were conspiracies among the influential courtiers. In the Safavid era, the lack MoreIn Iran's history, king succession has been marked an important issue. Often when a king was weak or dead, contenders emerged for taking power. Occasionally, despite the powerful king, there were conspiracies among the influential courtiers. In the Safavid era, the lack of a codified law caused various forces, especially the Ghezelbash heads and court women, to be involved in the succession process; they were trying to choose the king in their own interests. The question of this study is what role did the influential courtiers play in selecting the king's successor? Before Shah Abbas I, the Ghezelbash played large-scale roles in the succession issue. In post-Shah Abbas I reign, however, influential women played the most important role. This descriptive-analytical study examines the role of influential courtiers in the king succession. Findings showed that the Ghezelbash and court women played large-scale roles in the king succession in the Safavid era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
790 - The role of Shiite religion on the formation of socio,political identity of Iranian women in the Al-Buwayh period
parvin masoompoor askari iraj jalaliThe present article attempts to review the role of Shiite religion on the formation of socio-political identity of Iranian women in the Al-Buwayh period. The research method in this study is historical and data analysis method is accomplished through descriptive-analyti MoreThe present article attempts to review the role of Shiite religion on the formation of socio-political identity of Iranian women in the Al-Buwayh period. The research method in this study is historical and data analysis method is accomplished through descriptive-analytical method.The results of this study indicated that Shiite religion, with a holistic comprehensive role that involve all aspects of socio-political identity of Iranian women, is determinant in the two periods of Al-Buwayh. During the Al-Buwayh period, regarding political aspect, Shiite political ideas penetrated in the thoughts of Iranian women, including the idea of combining Iranian-Islamic models with Shiite tendencies, the authority of Shiite jurists, and the thought of the Absent Imam. During this period, following the emergence of the Alawites Niqab institution, Iranian women for the first time were persuaded toward religious pilgrimage and holy visits to sanctuaries and holy shrines., etc. In the social aspect, Shiite customs and religious rituals such as Eid Ghadir, Mid-Sha'ban, mourning for Muharram and Ashura, the religious custom of walking to Karbala, the custom of saying Hay Ala Khair al-Amal on Ashura day, On the day of Ashura, the pilgrimage to the holy shrines of Imams is one of the examples of the role of Shiite religion in the formation of social identity of Iranian women in the Al-Buwayh period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
791 - Historical-Sociological Analysis of the Consequences of the Removing the Hijab with regard to the Renovation Policy of Reza Shah Pahlavi (1320-1300 AH)
Fereshteh Alsadat Hosseini Bojdani fayyaz zahed Hossein AbadianThe present study seeks to analyze the consequences of hijab removal in the period of Reza Shah Pahlavi (1300-1320). The main question is whether hijab removal could have an effect on modernization and development? According to the documents, the research method is desc MoreThe present study seeks to analyze the consequences of hijab removal in the period of Reza Shah Pahlavi (1300-1320). The main question is whether hijab removal could have an effect on modernization and development? According to the documents, the research method is descriptive-analytical, using theories of development and modernization and the method of data collection is library research. In the era of Reza Shah, due to the efforts of intellectuals, magazines, women and the Shah's visit to Turkey, serious work was done in matters related to women. The development of the country and the need for industrialization, the need for abundant and cheap labor, justified the presence of women in society to meet this need. The findings of the research indicate that the announcement of the law on the hijab removal on December 17th, 1314 by Reza Shah, ostensibly provided the preconditions for the presence of women to advance the goal of Reza Shah's modernization. Building schools and colleges and encouraging girls to study, and publishing articles in women's magazines also helped. Of course, the use of force in the implementation of this law caused opposition and resistance of some people, and in exchange for the women who entered the community with this action, many women and girls also chose forced housework. In fact, with this action, Reza Shah was able to achieve his goal of women's presence in society to a large extent, but he had many positive and negative consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
792 - The study of female's role and position in the proverbs of Marvdasht
Meysam ZareProverbs are a main part of the folklore in the literature and they have their root in beliefs and faiths of every nation or even a local area. In fact, proverbs are the reflection of the society's culture. This research tries to study and analyze the role of female in MoreProverbs are a main part of the folklore in the literature and they have their root in beliefs and faiths of every nation or even a local area. In fact, proverbs are the reflection of the society's culture. This research tries to study and analyze the role of female in the used proverbs of Marvdasht by a Feminist Liberalist Approach. The research involves collecting fieldwork data from the participants, interviewing with native speakers older than 40 and then the collected data are categorized and analyzed. Females have a negative role and position in the most of the proverbs and there is a negative viewpoint to the Women. Whenever the aim was to talk about the imponderability and hypocrisy, they pointed to the Women even if the addressee was a Man. The positive outlook to the Woman was merely observed when she was at home as a housewife and played her maternal role and preserved her husband`s money economically. These are the proofs of patriarchy in the Marvdasht society which are accepted and internalized by the Women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
793 - The role and place of women in Bakhtiyari songs
Elyas Ghaderi Abbas Ghanbari Odivi Mojtaba AbdollahiOne of the varieties of oral literature is the song. The songs in the Bakhtiari culture and literature are widely used. Language as a part of human society has a significant role in the forming of the customs and culture of every nation and community. The role of women MoreOne of the varieties of oral literature is the song. The songs in the Bakhtiari culture and literature are widely used. Language as a part of human society has a significant role in the forming of the customs and culture of every nation and community. The role of women in the lyric poetry is very significant and chief. In this research, we investigate the role and position of woman in oral literature especially Bakhtiyar's songs. In this regard, the songs were divided into eight categories. Subsequently, the role of women and the analysis of songs on the determination of women's role have been studied. Then, we find that the Bakhtiari woman, in many cases, is a self-constructor, speaker, and designer in relation to songs, and used them in most stages of their lives and everyday tasks. Some sample of songs are about the women but not created by them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
794 - Explaining the presence of women in folk couplets of Savadkouh
Aref Kamarposhti Mojgam Ahmadi KamarposhtiWomen, as half of the world's population, have always been under a magnifying glass. They suffered from oppressive and unkind treatment of men or government. Such ignorance has long been endured in the myths and legends of various cultures. Depriving women from the righ MoreWomen, as half of the world's population, have always been under a magnifying glass. They suffered from oppressive and unkind treatment of men or government. Such ignorance has long been endured in the myths and legends of various cultures. Depriving women from the right to live a normal life with dignity; women were sometimes condemned to prison or commuted to exile. Sometimes they were subjected to a series of rigorous tests to prove their being. Folk couplet is the most famous and widely readable form of poetry in folk literature which can be easily communicated by the audiences who speak the same language, i.e. Persian, although their dialects are different. Regarding Pure Language without any limitation, folk couplet flourishes in exquisite literary beauties, wonderful fancies, and musical rhythms which have made it popular and prestigious. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reflection of the presence of women in 200 folk couplets of Savadkouh County using descriptive-analytical method and library-field approach. The findings showed that women's share in the folk couplet is more than that of men as they either make their own poems or are being addressed. Such presence is highlighted as a lover, beloved, and mother. Woman, as a beloved companion, has been investigated from three aspects, i.e. as a waiting beloved, thankful beloved, and as an advisor beloved. She is sometimes presented as a provoker of all kinds of vocals and sometimes as a helper to accomplish great things. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
795 - Investigating the reflection of Bakhtiari women's social status through clothing in local poetry
Ebrahim Zaheri Abdvand Rohalla karimi Noor -o-dinvandThe purpose of the present study is to examine the social status of Bakhtiari’s women through their clothing in local poems such as love, wedding and mourning poems based on the theoretical principles of reflection and documentary method. The results indicat MoreThe purpose of the present study is to examine the social status of Bakhtiari’s women through their clothing in local poems such as love, wedding and mourning poems based on the theoretical principles of reflection and documentary method. The results indicate that Bakhtiari’s women earn social status in two ways of beautiful clothes and expensive ones. To illustrate the beauty of the clothes, the element of color is noticed. And the costliness of the material and decorations are noticed, too. In romantic poems, the women enjoy respect and finally social status through beautiful colors which are mostly blue, green and red. In wedding poems show the social status of women besides the beauty, the element of wealth is also highlighted through referring to the material and decorations. In mourning poems, the poets are more likely to show the social status of the deceased and her family; so, in describing her clothes, the material, newness and cleanliness of her clothes which show the woman’s personality is noticed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
796 - A Descriptive Analytical Approach to the Functioning of Women in Kurdish Myths Based on Vladimir Prop's Model
Hadi Yousefi Shiva MohammadiLegends as an important component of popular literature include history and culture, thoughts, beliefs, customary and ethical rules, and the kind of attitude and worldview of a society that is written and orally understood using simple language and intelligible language MoreLegends as an important component of popular literature include history and culture, thoughts, beliefs, customary and ethical rules, and the kind of attitude and worldview of a society that is written and orally understood using simple language and intelligible language is transmitted An important part of the culture of nations to the future. Women, as an important part of human society, have always been active in the field of fairy tales, have performed or been associated with behaviors referred to in the Prop model as Functional, and the sum of these Relationships represent the face of women in the legends of a nation. The present paper seeks to describe, in a descriptive-analytic way, and using library resources examine the image of women and their functions in Kurdish myths based on Vladimir Prop's model, and explore the roots and causes of this kind of society's attitude toward women from this perspective.According to the findings of the study, women in Kurdish legends based on their presence, respectively have appeared in the roles of daughter, wife, mother, slave, old woman, stepmother, neighbor woman, mother-in-law, aunt and so on. And they play roles such as the villain, the hero, the princess, the false hero, the forgiver, the dispatcher and the helper. The role of the "girl" has the highest frequency among the characters of Kurdish myths and the most frequent of the acts belongs to the "evil" which indicates the negative attitude of society towards women and their behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
797 - The Boyer-Ahmadi woman’s image in the shade of local literature
jalil nazari mahin taj sadegh niaThe local literature of Boyer-Ahmad district, Iran, due to its special geographical position, has one of the richest cultural repertoires, which should be studied from a sociological aspect on local and national scales. The present paper seeks to analyze the theme of lo MoreThe local literature of Boyer-Ahmad district, Iran, due to its special geographical position, has one of the richest cultural repertoires, which should be studied from a sociological aspect on local and national scales. The present paper seeks to analyze the theme of local songs of Boyer- Ahmad district, also the role and place of women within these songs. These roles extracted from oral and written texts of local songs of this region. Contemplation on the heart and soul of these songs are the repertoire of the past and are still being sung by people today is evidence that the social position of women in the past was highly regarded, opposed to the false beliefs of what has been said in this view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
798 - Effect of resistance training with two different intensities on the amount of myostatin and folicatin and the ratio of folinatcin to myostatin in young women
parasto roshandel ali yaghoubiMaterials and Methods: for this purpose, twenty young women in the age group 20 to 30 selected in sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups and And performed resistance training and TRX. The training program for both training groups was circular exercises with MoreMaterials and Methods: for this purpose, twenty young women in the age group 20 to 30 selected in sampling method and randomly divided into 3 groups and And performed resistance training and TRX. The training program for both training groups was circular exercises with three sessions per week for eight weeks. The main training was performed in seven circular stations including: squat, leg press, chest press, leg extension, shoulder, arm back, arm forward in both training groups. Exercise intensity initially started at 40-50% 1RM and increased at week 5 and 6 with 60-70% 1RM. Stage 4: After eight weeks of resistance training and TRX.Findings: the results showed that Serum levels of myostatin and folistatin decreased and increased after eight weeks of resistance training, respectively, but these changes were not significant in the TRX training group. Eight weeks of resistance training and TRX had no significant effect on folistatin / myostatin ratio in young women. There was also no significant difference between the groups in the post-test compared with the serum levels of myostatin, folistatin and the ratio of folistatin to myostatin.Conclusion: according to the findings of this study it can be concluded that Resistance training can stimulate myostatin and folistatin gene expression in human specimens. The results of this study can be used as a kind of exercise intervention in rehabilitation programs and bodybuilding exercises in young disabled people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
799 - Investigating the relationship between physical activity and women's social health in the post-corona era (Case study: Golestan province)
MAHBOUBEH NaghaviThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of physical activity, to investigate the relationship between physical activity and women's social health in the post-corona era. According to the method of data collection, the research was descriptive-correlational MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of physical activity, to investigate the relationship between physical activity and women's social health in the post-corona era. According to the method of data collection, the research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the research is all women over 18 years old in Golestan province. 384 people were randomly selected based on the table of Morgan and Edonski. In terms of physical activity evaluation, the research tool is the physical activity questionnaire taken from Chu's studies (2014). The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed, the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and reported (α = 0.803). Social health was measured using a questionnaire developed by Keyes in 1998. In order to analyze the data, Spss 20 software was used. The results showed; The activity level of 57% of adult women in Golestan province is low. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the level of physical activity and social health (P=0.783). According to the findings of this research, it can be said that promoting, strengthening and developing the physical activity of people in the society will lead to more social health and as a result a healthy and normal society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
800 - The effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women
keyvan hejaziBackground and purpose: Lipid profiles play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women.Material and Methods: In t MoreBackground and purpose: Lipid profiles play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of continuous-resistance training on lipid profile and body composition of overweight women.Material and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 24 overweight women were randomly assigned to control (n=12) and experimental (n=12). The program training include: 80-90 min per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks participate in continuous-resistance. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before training and 48 hours after training session. To make intra and intergroup comparisons t-test for dependent and independent samples were used. Results: Levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein decreased significantly, while levels of high-density lipoprotein increased significantly. Body weight and body mass index values decreased significantly at the end of the period.Conclusion: Eight weeks of continuous-resistance training resulted in improved lipid profile and body composition at the end of the training period. Therefore, the results of our research suggest that a continuous-resistance training program can improve the health of overweight women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
801 - The effect of eight weeks of TRX and CRX exercising on body composition and lipid profile indices in overweight young women
Nasim Alimoradi Haneyeh Noorolahi Fatemeh HosseiniIntroduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TRX and CRX exercises on body composition indices and lipid profile in overweight young women.Methods: 59 subjects were randomly divided into three training groups: TRX (n = 20), CRX (n = 19) and C MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of TRX and CRX exercises on body composition indices and lipid profile in overweight young women.Methods: 59 subjects were randomly divided into three training groups: TRX (n = 20), CRX (n = 19) and CG (n = 20). The program of both training groups included 10 minutes of warm-up with stretching and flexibility movements and then 10 circular stationary movements for 30 to 40 minutes, which ended with 10 minutes of stretching movements to cool down. The TRX group trained with resistance bands and the CRX group with weight training. Research variables were measured before and after exercises. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05.Results: Comparison of BMI and WHR showed that these variables were significantly reduced in the TRX group compared to the CRX and CG groups. While the PBF variable in TRX and CRX groups showed a significant decrease compared to CG. Also, in lipid profile indices of TG, VLDL-C, HDL-C and TC/HDL-C, TRX group showed a significant improvement compared to CRX and CG groups. In TC, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C indices, significant improvement was observed compared to CG in both training groups (P≥0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that an eight-week of TRX and CRX exercises is effective in improving body composition indices and lipid profile of overweight young women; But TRX exercises are more effective than CRX. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
802 - The effect of yoga exercises on the level of sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance in athletic women
Mona RezaeiBackground and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yoga exercises on the level of sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance in athletic women. Material and method: The type of research work is applied and semi-experimental. The statistical MoreBackground and purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of yoga exercises on the level of sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance in athletic women. Material and method: The type of research work is applied and semi-experimental. The statistical population of the study consisted of basketbalist women who played in super league. After selecting the subjects and informing them of the objectives of the present study, 7 samples were selected in the experimental group and 7 in the control group. Before the yoga course, sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance tests were held between the two groups, then the test group underwent yoga exercises for 12 consecutive sessions of 2 sessions during the week. These exercises were not applied to the control group. At the end of 12 sessions, the sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance scales were taken again. Also, after a period of one month, the subjects were followed up again to evaluate the durability of the effectiveness of yoga. For data analysis, statistical methods at both descriptive and inferential levels and statistical tests appropriate to the data scale and SPSS statistical software and covariance test have been used. Result: According to the results of yoga exercises, it has a positive effect on reducing sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance. Conclusion: Also, the results obtained from the follow-up of the effects of yoga showed that this factor was still effective on sport injury anxiety and failure of tolerance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
803 - A Legal Analysis of the Harassment of Women in Cyberspace
mohammadreza rezvantalab davood darrehshiriA correct legislative policy in dealing with crimes committed in cyberspace must represent the decisive and quick actions of the legislator. Considering the impossibility of full compensation of the damages caused by cyberspace and the variety of criminal actions, the l MoreA correct legislative policy in dealing with crimes committed in cyberspace must represent the decisive and quick actions of the legislator. Considering the impossibility of full compensation of the damages caused by cyberspace and the variety of criminal actions, the legislative policy must be formulated accordingly. As a case of such emerging issues mentioned could be made of harassment of women in cyberspace. The legislators do not have a separate regulation with regard to this. The purpose of the present article is twofold. Firstly, the commission of such crimes at the present time must face an appropriate punishment for the perpetrators of such crimes. Secondly, considering that the bill for preserving the dignity and protection of women against violence is in the process of approval in the parliament, a recommendation must be stated with the purpose of amending the legal Articles in law related to the discussion of this article. In this research, using a descriptive library method, an attempt has been made to collect materials and answer this question: is it possible, according to the existing legal provisions, to apply the current laws in dealing with the perpetrators of such cases or not? The hypothesis that we are trying to confirm in this research is the possibility of adherence to the Article 619 of the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1375 in dealing with such crimes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
804 - The Access of Refugee Victim Women to Criminal Justice; Challenges and Solutions(Reflecting on the International Documents)
Zahra Ansarifar Samira Golkhandan Akbar RajabiThe purpose of the following article is to explain the situation of refugee women in terms of victimization and their access to criminal justice. Refugee women, due to the special situation they are in, are considered a suitable target for criminals and the possibility MoreThe purpose of the following article is to explain the situation of refugee women in terms of victimization and their access to criminal justice. Refugee women, due to the special situation they are in, are considered a suitable target for criminals and the possibility of occurrence of crimes against them is always assessed at high level. These women, who are a special, sensitive and vulnerable stratum, must have the conditions of full access to justice, especially in terms of criminal justice. This article, by focusing on national and international legal documents and analyzing the information obtained from them, examines the situation of refugee women in terms of victimization and the challenges beyond them, in accessing criminal justice and efforts to achieve the solutions of solving the addicted challenges. The findings show: although refugee women need special legal and judicial support due to the experience of various violence and the increase probability of repeating the experience of victimization and their access to criminal justice faces many challenges, but still the criminal systems don’t provide the necessary platforms for protection of the rights of this group of victim women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
805 - Women and White-Collar Criminals: Comparison of Pink-Collar and White-Collar Crimes in the Law of Iran and Norway
Maryam Kamaei Salameh Abolhasani Naghme FarhodWhite-collar crimes are crimes that are mainly committed by people from the high social and economic class. Katie Daly popularized the term "pink collar". This term refers to the white-collar crimes that women committed in their workplaces. The importance of white-colla MoreWhite-collar crimes are crimes that are mainly committed by people from the high social and economic class. Katie Daly popularized the term "pink collar". This term refers to the white-collar crimes that women committed in their workplaces. The importance of white-collar crimes and pink-collar crimes and its wide range of impact on the basic dimensions of a society is non-negligible; for this reason, serious effort and strict planning is necessary in supervising the behavior of perpetrators of such crimes and their punishments. This research considers the gender status in white-collar crimes in Iran and Norway; that the occurrence of the white-collar crimes is gender neutral or includes a special gender; so the difference between men and women in terms of the nature of white-collar crimes and their roles in these crimes are examined. The findings of research suggest that the occurrence of white-collar crimes in Norway and Iran are similar to each other and this hypothesis that gender segregation in society and workplace is the cause of white-collar crimes is questionable. As a result, gender inequality is not the origin of the gender gap in white-collar crimes, as far as it is related to access to the labor market and other resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
806 - An Approach to Islamic Feminism: A Reading of Sa’diyeh Sheikh's Perspective and Her Feminist Processing of Ibn Arabi's Opinions
Mohammad Sadegh HedayatZadsh Soheyla PiruzfarOne of the most controversial issues in recent decades is the issue and position of women in Islam. Different currents of thought have discussed about this field from their own perspective. In the meantime, the so-called "Islamic feminism", which has been growing in rec MoreOne of the most controversial issues in recent decades is the issue and position of women in Islam. Different currents of thought have discussed about this field from their own perspective. In the meantime, the so-called "Islamic feminism", which has been growing in recent decades, has addressed this issue with various Qur'anic, jurisprudential, historical and mystical approaches. In this descriptive‑analytical article, the historical course of Sa’diyeh Sheikh's views as one of the figures of the Islamic feminist movement is extracted and it is shown that she became acquainted with Islamic mysticism and Sufism, inspired by Faḍlu al‑Rahmān's attitude. Using the linguistic features of the language of revelation and paying attention to the historical contexts of the emergence of the text and methods such as feminist hermeneutic, she started writing about women, but after familiarity with Islamic mysticism and especially Ibn ‘Arabi, Sa’diyeh Sheikh's research changed with a feminist processing of Ibn ‘Arabi's views. In order to provide the anthropological issues necessary for a fundamental review of jurisprudence and to help the emergence of feminist jurisprudence, she has considered concepts such as "perfect man" and "Jalal and Jamal attributes " with a feminist reading that in some challenging issues such as "degree" (The superiority of man over woman), "the testimony of women" and "the creation of Eve from Adam's left rib" are manifested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
807 - Validation of the Narrative of Khayānat al-Zuwjah (Based on the Method of Dating and Document-Text Analysis)
zeynab akhbari mohammad hossein bayat ali sharifiThe status of women in different periods is influenced by the texts that came in the form of hadiths. Some of these texts have an originality after the period of the Prophet (pbuh) and were created for various functions. Israelite was one of the tools that helped to cre MoreThe status of women in different periods is influenced by the texts that came in the form of hadiths. Some of these texts have an originality after the period of the Prophet (pbuh) and were created for various functions. Israelite was one of the tools that helped to create texts needed for women in line with the goals of some rulers. Narratives mixed with Israelite are part of the larger flow of these teachings in Muslim narrative texts, of which the story of al-zuwjah’s betrayal is an example. In this way, the teachings of the Torah were usually presented in the format of traditions. In this research, based on the document-text dating method, it was found that the textual authenticity of the narrative of adultery was republished in the first half of the first century, and based on the document history, it was republished in the late second century. One of the results of creating this narrative was its various functions. The cultural function of this narrative in the first century was to limit women and its function in the Abbasid period was political and to keep women away from government positions and rulers. Considering the situation of the Jews in the neo-Muslim society of that day, the Israeli language was used to exploit the cultural and political goals of the rulers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
808 - Knowledge, attitude and practice of resident women of Shiraz about food borne disease
Mohammad Hasan Ehrampoush Bahador Hajimohammadi assieh amiri سپیده خلعت بری- لیماکی سکینه گرایلو مطهره السادات حسینیOne of the major problems of health and medical education in all countries, is the frequency of epidemics in associated with food. To prevent food-borne illness, the housewives role is very important. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude an MoreOne of the major problems of health and medical education in all countries, is the frequency of epidemics in associated with food. To prevent food-borne illness, the housewives role is very important. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of woman who lived in Shiraz about food borne disease. This cross-sectional study surveyed 266 women resident in Shiraz by referring to their homes. The questionnaire included demographic variables, questions related to knowledge, attitude and practice. Data analysis was conducted using T-Test, ANOVA, and 2χ at 0.05 level with SPSS version 18. According to the results, the average age is 35/35 ± 10/32. In general, the women have the moderate to fine score of knowledge, attitude and practice and there was a significant positive correlation between the variables of knowledge, attitude and practice. Based on the findings of this study and the lack of awareness of some important pathogens such as Salmonella, E-coli and other foodborne pathogens the necessity to educate Housewives about the Risk factors associated with food is specified Since the best way to reduce food-borne poisoning, is proper and efficient training to the people who are responsible for producing and supplying food. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
809 - اثرات دارچین بر سندرم تخمدان پلی کیستیک
مهرداد استادپور مجید غلامی آهنگران سیدحسین حیدریBackground & Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major endocrine disorder in young age women affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and their mental well-being as well. In this review, the authors discuss the effect of cinnamon as an herbal me MoreBackground & Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major endocrine disorder in young age women affecting their health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and their mental well-being as well. In this review, the authors discuss the effect of cinnamon as an herbal medicine on PCOS in humans and introduce the advantages and efficacy of these herbs on the control of this problem.Experimental: In this review, the authors searched the main related keywords e.g. polycystic, and cinnamon in main biological data centers e.g. Science Direct, Pubmed and Google Scholar. Then, the authors classified articles and only discussed the valid full papers in different categories.Results: The study of papers related to the effect of cinnamon on polycystic ovary syndrome revealed that this herb can control this problem via some route e.g., by control of triglyceride and cholesterol to diminish risk factors of fat deposition and by inhibitory effects on oxidative cascade decreasing the cystic formation process.Recommended applications/industries: The review proposed the positive effect of cinnamon on the control of PCOS in humans. Therefore, supplementary cinnamon on feed can diminish PCOS via some metabolic cycle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
810 - Typology of Women Non-Governmental Organization in some Islamic Countries
Naima MohmammadiAbstract Although all members of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) belong to one religious bloc, but there are meaningful difference between the type, level of their struggle, structure, organizational relations of women organizations of different Muslim countr MoreAbstract Although all members of Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) belong to one religious bloc, but there are meaningful difference between the type, level of their struggle, structure, organizational relations of women organizations of different Muslim countries. The present article by using text analysis and inverse questionnaire wants to analyze the speeches and statements of four non-governmental organizations in Turkey ( KA-mer), Egypt ( Women and Arab Society Association), Saudi Arabia (International Islamic Committee for Women and Child) and Malaysia (All Women’s Action Society) between 2011-2012. These women Organizations are among most important women organizations that struggle for the recognition of Women’s right and identity. The main question raised by the article is “Why the function and performance of women’s organizations in raising their demands are different from one Muslim country to another”? The above question has been examined within the framework of post-colonial feminism (Gayatri Chakravaorty Spivak) and the third generation of Frankfurt School (Axcel Honth). The result of the regression showed 43 per cent of variation in performance of women’s organizations under the influence of different political structure of each country. The finding of the study shows that the performance of women’s organizations in Turkey and Malaysia are similar and the Egyptian women organizations performance resembles with Saudi Arabia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
811 - The impact of women's rights in the foreign policy of the united states towards the Islamic Republic of Iran
Elham satari Gholam Hossein BolandianAbstract Women like men are entitled to fundamental social, cultural, economic and political rights, but the question that these rights and their bases are different in Islam and West is a debatable issue and is worth study and scrutiny. The main question raised by the MoreAbstract Women like men are entitled to fundamental social, cultural, economic and political rights, but the question that these rights and their bases are different in Islam and West is a debatable issue and is worth study and scrutiny. The main question raised by the present paper is "what is the impact of women’s right on the United States foreign policy vis-à-vis Islamic Republic of Iran"? The underlying hypothesis is that women’s rights has affected the United States foreign policy against Islamic Republic of Iran and it is one of the key factors for continuation of hostility and imposing pressure by the United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran. Although there are conventions and rules in the West with slogans like equality and women’s right and responsibility of women is the Islamic Republic of Iran on the basis of gender justice, taking into consideration the ability of women their share and role in decision-making and politics is still low. This can be an excuse for the United States to exert pressure against the Islamic Republic of Iran. The research method used in the paper is descriptive-analytical and historical, using library tool. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
812 - Fear of crime in urban public space from the perspective of women (Case study: Women of Babol)
علی اصغر عباسی اسفجیر Alireza Barari ali rahmani firuozjahFear is one of the words that every person instinctively experiences in any way from birth to death. The purpose of this study was fear of crime in public space from the perspective of women in Babol in 1398. This research has been done using a survey method and a quest MoreFear is one of the words that every person instinctively experiences in any way from birth to death. The purpose of this study was fear of crime in public space from the perspective of women in Babol in 1398. This research has been done using a survey method and a questionnaire. The study population consisted of women aged 18 to 60 living in Babol. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula, 350 people and were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. To analyze the research data, correlation coefficient tests with spss24 software and confirmatory factor analysis of the second stage with Amos25 software were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated and evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method, based on which the coefficient of research variables and its dimensions was more than .7. The results showed that these variables of social distance and the use of mass media and informal control, disorder, have a significant relationship with fear of crime. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
813 - Typology of women's consumption behavior in the masons of Yazd
manouchehr alinejad محمدرضا حسینی Fatemeh MolaeiConsumption fever has spread to cities and people are trying to gain status and social status for themselves by consuming goods. Women use clothes to send messages about their identity to others, shopping malls such as mezons are one of the main spaces for the consumpti MoreConsumption fever has spread to cities and people are trying to gain status and social status for themselves by consuming goods. Women use clothes to send messages about their identity to others, shopping malls such as mezons are one of the main spaces for the consumption of signs and styles. The purpose of this study is to understand and interpret the patterns of consumption behavior of women in the masons of Yazd. The research method is qualitative and has been implemented with a thematic analysis strategy. The data collection method was semi-structured interview. The sample size was 30 women living in Yazd who were selected by purposive sampling. In order to analyze the data, the content analysis technique has been used. After analyzing the interviews and analyzing them, the research findings emerged in the form of four types, which are: 1- Believable consumption behavior 2- Transformation in important others 3- Dramatic consumption behavior 4- Confidence hegemony. The results showed that the consumption values of this group are significantly more complex. The emergence of a culture of consumerism, eye contact and lifestyle changes has led to the spread of demonstrative, thoughtful and theatrical consumption types. Based on this, it can be predicted that the orientation of consumption culture among Yazidi women is towards the duality of consumption, which is believable and demonstrative, and negative indicators of consumption behaviors will be the predominant aspect of this behavior in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
814 - Women's lived experience of maternal challenges in the urban space
Mahnoush Karami Shohre Rowshani Mansoureh ZareanToday, social, cultural and economic developments have paved the way for increasing the presence of women in the urban space; However, some needs of women, especially in the role of mother, have not been taken into account in urban designs and their presence in the urba MoreToday, social, cultural and economic developments have paved the way for increasing the presence of women in the urban space; However, some needs of women, especially in the role of mother, have not been taken into account in urban designs and their presence in the urban space has faced difficulties. In this regard, the present study has studied maternal challenges in urban space with a qualitative method. The target population of the study included mothers living in Tehran, fifteen of whom were selected using purposive sampling based on data saturation criteria. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. In general, mothers do not have a satisfactory experience of being in urban space and face challenges in five main categories: "Inadequacy of the abundance of urban space facilities with the population", "Inadequate design of urban facilities and spaces with the needs of mother and child", " "It is costly to use the facilities of urban space", "pollution of urban space" and "feeling worried about being in the city". Finally, solutions to the challenges are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
815 - The Effect of Life Expectancy on the Life Skills of Women in the City..
Mehri Ghorbanian mansor haghighatian Seyedali HashemianfarThe present study aims to evaluate the effect of life expectancy on life skills of women heads of households in Isfahan. In terms of criterion target, the research is practical, the quantitative type that has been done by survey method. the statistical population of thi MoreThe present study aims to evaluate the effect of life expectancy on life skills of women heads of households in Isfahan. In terms of criterion target, the research is practical, the quantitative type that has been done by survey method. the statistical population of this study is all the women heads of households in Isfahan. Using SPSS SAMPLE POWER software, the sample size was calculated to be 270 people. And by quota sampling from the Relief Foundation and the Welfare Organization (Behzisti), the respondents were selected and answered the researcher-made questionnaire of life expectancy and life skills with face validity and reliability greater than 0.7. The analysis tool is SPSS & AMOS. Findings show; the average scores of the hope components are: self-reliance (3.90), responsibility (3.55),3self-esteem3 (3.40) optimism (3.37) life satisfaction (3.36) life passion (3.33) which are higher than average. Also, the average of life skills is: individual self-observation (92.989) and social skills (3.34). The results of regression analysis show life expectancy and its components explain 27% of the life skills of women heads of households, and among the elements of hope, self-reliance is able to explain 32% of life skills changes. It can be concluded that planning to empower self-reliant women in the areas of individual, professional, and social decision-making can increase their self-reliance and lead to their personal prosperity and development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
816 - Women’s perspectives on Fear of crime in urban public spaces (Case of study: women in Babol)
Alireza Barari Ali Asghar Abbasi Asfajir ali rahmani firuozjahFear is one of the most familiar issues that every person instinctively experiences in many ways from birth to death. The purpose of this study was to study fear of crime in public spaces from the perspectives of women in the city of Babol in 1398. This research was con MoreFear is one of the most familiar issues that every person instinctively experiences in many ways from birth to death. The purpose of this study was to study fear of crime in public spaces from the perspectives of women in the city of Babol in 1398. This research was conducted using a survey method and a uestionnaire. The research population consisted of women aged 18 to 60 living in Babol of which, using Cochran's formula, 350 people were selected as the sample using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. To analyze the research data, correlation coefficient tests with spss24 software and confirmatory factor analysis of the second stage with Amos25 software were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated and evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method, based on which the coefficient of research variables and its dimensions was more than 0.7. In this study, by using inferential statistics, the relationship between the variables social distance, the use of mass media, informal control, disorder and fear of crime were examined and the relationships were significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
817 - An Analysis of attitude toward women’s citizenship rights in Tehran city based on their social and cultural capital
mahboube abdosamadi خدیجه سفیری seyed Yaghoub MousaviThe present article aimed to specify the attitude toward women’s citizenship rights on the bases of the respondents’ social and cultural capitals in the city of Tehran. The method of research was analytical survey and the research population consisted of all MoreThe present article aimed to specify the attitude toward women’s citizenship rights on the bases of the respondents’ social and cultural capitals in the city of Tehran. The method of research was analytical survey and the research population consisted of all Tehrani females over the age of 18 in 2016 of whom, on the basis of Cochran formula, 384 who were selected using a random classified sampling technique. Researchers` self-made questionnaire; the social capital theoretical framework was constructed based on Bourdieu’s theory with objective (social participation, commitment, and interaction) and subjective (social awareness, trust, and solidarity) dimensions which states a dialectical relationship between subjectivity (habitus) and objectivity (field). Also, cultural capital consisted of embodied, objectified and institutionalized forms. Zoanevski`s citizenship rights model was used in political, collaborative- civilian, and social dimensions. The obtained results of multiple regression and path analysis revealed that all of social capital indicators can predict 17 percent of female’s attitude toward citizenship rights in which social trust and social interactions played the main role. Also, social capital indexes can explain 27 percent of female’s citizenship rights in which embodied capital was the most important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
818 - .The digital city and the increasing tendency of women to virtual marriage
BATOOL Hasani Sadi Mansour . Haghighatian. Esmaeil Jahanbakhsh.This study aimed to analyze the impact of the digital city on women's willingness to find a marriage partner through the virtual space in the city of Kerman. 16 female users were selected through a theoretical and purposeful sampling technique. The data collectio More.This study aimed to analyze the impact of the digital city on women's willingness to find a marriage partner through the virtual space in the city of Kerman. 16 female users were selected through a theoretical and purposeful sampling technique. The data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and MAX Q DA software version 12 was used to process the data. The findings showed that a significant number of users in the virtual marriage sites were married women who used the anonymity of virtual space to their own advantage. After combining, integrating and comparing concepts, Five common categories were found among married and single female users (chat addiction, having limited experience, evading of face-to-face dating, sex as entertaiment). There were also two specific categories of married female users (disguise of marital status and and low satisfaction with marriage) and two specific categories of single female users (sense of freedom and chat as a cure for loneliness). Based on story line by participants, a core category entitled “chat as a resistance shelter of urban momen” was revealed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
819 - .A typology of insecure urban spaces from women's perspective (Case of study: Women 15-45 years old in Jask city)
Mohammadreza Hosseini Nargess KhoshkalamWomen are half of the citizens of any society and their social participation plays an important role in the development of society. At the same time, sometimes the feeling of insecurity of women in some urban spaces prevents their social presence. Accordingly, the prese MoreWomen are half of the citizens of any society and their social participation plays an important role in the development of society. At the same time, sometimes the feeling of insecurity of women in some urban spaces prevents their social presence. Accordingly, the present qualitative research aims to examine unsafe urban spaces from the perspective of women. The research population consisted of women aged 15-45 years in Jask city of which 22 individuals were selected via a purposeful sampling technique. Data collection tools were: in-depth interviews, participatory observation and city map that were used by the subjects to mark safe and insecure urban spaces. Finally, the data were implemented in the form of text and analyzed by thematic analysis. The results showed that insecure urban spaces for women include two main categories: 1) Social insecure space (quiet space, crime-ridden space, unfamiliar social space, male-dominated space, motorcyclist- dominated space and Social constructivist unsafe space) and 2) Physically unsafe space (nested space, dark space, single use space, suburban space, mostly-residential space, space without access to public transportation, worn-out space and polluted space ). Therefore, in order to encourage women to participate in urban public spaces, not only is it important to establish "security" in these spaces, but what is more important is to create a "sense of security" in women, because just establishing security does not create a sense of security in Women, but it requires parallel attention to social security and physical security. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
820 - An Analysis of the Factors Affecting Women’s Participation in Household Waste Management (Case of Study: Employed Women in Deylam City)
Dariyoush Rezapour sara ghajariWomen's participation and cooperation in the management of household wastes can be an important step towards better city management. In fact, the management of wastes without the participation of woman is difficult and costly. The purpose of study was to analyze the fac MoreWomen's participation and cooperation in the management of household wastes can be an important step towards better city management. In fact, the management of wastes without the participation of woman is difficult and costly. The purpose of study was to analyze the factors that influence the participation of employed women in household waste management in the city of Bandar Deylam. The research population consisted of women working in the city's offices, of which 92 of were selected as the sample using Morgan table and a simple random sampling method. To gather the data, a questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using the spss software at descriptive and inferential levels. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between age, attitudes towards waste management, environmental attitudes, social participation and information resources. It was also found that the two variables of social participation and the availability of information resources accounted for 42.1% of changes in waste management behaviour. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
821 - Leisure for Metropolitan Women; Explaining Leisure Problems for Married Women in Tehran
Nader Jafari Haftkhani Seddigheh Rezania Marjan SaffariLeisure time is an exceptional opportunity to transmit culture and foster social cohesion and happiness; however, the reality of women's leisure time consumption in cities and especially in Tehran's metropolitan area indicates a much lower share of leisure time than men MoreLeisure time is an exceptional opportunity to transmit culture and foster social cohesion and happiness; however, the reality of women's leisure time consumption in cities and especially in Tehran's metropolitan area indicates a much lower share of leisure time than men and that there are serious limitations on their leisure, sports, and recreational facilities. The current study aimed at examining married women's leisure problems in Tehran. The research approach was qualitative and 23 semi-structured interviews were conducted with three groups of experts (policymakers, executives and university professors). Thematic Analysis was used for data analysing. It was found that two global themes of "Intra-governmental" and "Extra-governmental" problems could explain the leisure problems of the target group. "Marginalization", "Lack of special attention to women", "Conspicuous or exhibition policies", "Apathy" and "Managerial vacuum" are intra-governmental problems. "Restriction", "Dominance of consumption", "Accumulation of leisure" and "Conspicuous body project" are extra-governmental problems. This study illustrated that leisure problems for married women in Tehran have a cultural root and are caused by "cultural neglect and misunderstanding" about "woman" and "leisure". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
822 - Typology of women's consumption behavior in the brand stores (mezon) of Yazd
Manoochehr Alinejad Mohammadreza Hoseini Fatemeh MolaeiConsumption fever has spread to cities and people are trying to gain status and social position for themselves by consuming goods. Women nowadays use clothes to send messages about their identity to others. shopping malls such as mezons (brand commodity stores) are one MoreConsumption fever has spread to cities and people are trying to gain status and social position for themselves by consuming goods. Women nowadays use clothes to send messages about their identity to others. shopping malls such as mezons (brand commodity stores) are one of the main spaces for the consumption of signs and styles. Therefore this study aims to understand and interpret the patterns of consumption behavior of women in the mezons of Yazd. The research method is qualitative and was implemented with a thematic analysis strategy. The data collection method was semi-structured interview. The sample size was 30 women living in Yazd who were selected by purposive sampling. In order to analyze the data, the content analysis technique was used. After analyzing the interviews four categories of responses emerged which were as follows: 1- Believable consumption behavior 2- assimilation to significant others 3- dramatic consumption behavior 4- product loyalty. The results showed that the consumption values of this group were significantly more complex. The emergence of a culture of consumerism, imitation (keeping up with the Joneses) and lifestyle changes hav led to the spread of conspicuous, fashion-led, and theatrical consumption types. Based on this, it can be predicted that the orientation of consumption culture among Yazidi women is towards the duality (believable and conspicuous) of consumption, , and negative indicators of consumption behaviors will be the predominant aspect of this behavior in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
823 - The Effects of Hopefullness on Life skills of Urban Women
Mehri Ghorbanian Seyedali HashemianfarThis research aims to evaluate the effects of hope on the life skills of women in the city of Esfahan. This is an applied, survey, and therefore a quantitative study which utilized 2 questionnaires (hope in life and life skills of women) to gather needed data. 5 point L MoreThis research aims to evaluate the effects of hope on the life skills of women in the city of Esfahan. This is an applied, survey, and therefore a quantitative study which utilized 2 questionnaires (hope in life and life skills of women) to gather needed data. 5 point Likert-type questionnaires were used whose reliability coefficients were above the 0.70 threshold. The research population consisted of all women who were heads of households in the city of Esfahan of which 270 individuals were selected via a quota sampling technique. A regression model was used to insure generalizability of the results. The findings showed that hopefulness and its components (self-esteem, enthusiasm in life, self-reliance, life satisfaction, responsibility, and optimism) were significantly related to life skills of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
824 - .Women’s Social Constructions of Leisure Time in urban Business-Recreation Centers
mousa ghandi reza esmaili Asghar MohammadiThe issue of leisure time activity in commercial spaces as a social construct that manifests itself differently in different times, has gained importance in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social constructions of women in leisure time in a MoreThe issue of leisure time activity in commercial spaces as a social construct that manifests itself differently in different times, has gained importance in recent years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the social constructions of women in leisure time in a business-leisure center using qualitative data. Utilizing grounded theory as the theoretical base and the saturation criterion in sampling, structured interviews were conducted with 15 women and girls. The data were analyzed using three stages of coding as well as data-base theory (Strauss's coding approach). 216 general meaningful statements were extracted from the interviews. Due to the conceptual relevance of the statements to each other in the open coding phase, 17 sub-categories were extracted from the corresponding concepts. Finally, after a closer look at the links between the concepts of subcategories, six key themes were identified: Consumer culture hegemony, manifestation of high socio-economic status, western culture acceptance, identifying with celebrities, virtual space effects, and change of lifestyle. By further abstracting these categories, a nuclear category can be described as "the way women spend their leisure time in business-leisure centers is affected by the expansion of consumer culture and western culture and identification with celebrities and the virtual world has changed the lifestyle of Shirazi women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
825 - .The Effects of modern urban spaces on women's identity Reflexivity in Women’s Gardens in the city of Esfahan
Asieh Aghaeo Hosein anadi Mansour Haghighatian sayed naser hejaziThis research aims to study the impact of modern urban spaces on women's identity. The main idea of the research derived from Giddens's theory that the use of new places is effective on different groups of society. Given that Women's Gardens have recently been establi MoreThis research aims to study the impact of modern urban spaces on women's identity. The main idea of the research derived from Giddens's theory that the use of new places is effective on different groups of society. Given that Women's Gardens have recently been established in some cities of Iran, including Isfahan, it seems that these spaces can be effective in making women reflect on their identity. In this study, 330 Isfahani women who these gardens during a 120-day period were selected as research sample through a multi-stage sampling technique from the 6 gardens that were selected from different neighborhoods. A questionnaire was used to collect needed data.. The obtained data were then analyzed using various statistical tests including structural equations modeling. Findings showed that modern urban spaces have had an impact on changing women's views and ways of thinking. However, due to the novelty of these gardens the changes have often occurred in the domain of ideas and a long way still remains ahead before practical changes arise from modern spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
826 - Women's lived experience of maternal challenges in the urban space
Mahnoush Karami Shohre Rowshani Mansoureh ZareanNowadays, social, cultural and economic developments have paved the way for the increasing presence of women in the urban space; However, some needs of women, especially in the arau of motherhood, have not been taken into account in urban designs and their presence in t MoreNowadays, social, cultural and economic developments have paved the way for the increasing presence of women in the urban space; However, some needs of women, especially in the arau of motherhood, have not been taken into account in urban designs and their presence in the urban space has encountered many difficulties. In this regard, the present study has studied maternal challenges in urban space with a qualitative method. The target population of the study included mothers living in Tehran, fifteen of whom were selected using purposive sampling on the basis of data saturation criteria. Data were collected through interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. In general, mothers do not have a satisfactory experience of being in urban space and face challenges in five main categories: "Inadequacy of urban space facilities relative to the size of the population", "Inadequate design of urban facilities and spaces relative to the needs of mother and child", " "It is costly to use the facilities of urban space", "pollution of urban space" and "feelings of being worried about being in the city”. Finally, solutions to the challenges are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
827 - A Feminist Reading of Patriarchy in Bahram Beyzai’s Selected Plays
raziyeh shayanmehr ali dehghan naser dashtpeymaFeminists believe that in a male-dominated society men are in authority over women. According to Feminists, the causes of women’s subversion in the patriarchal society are men’s access to power structures, the unequal distribution of social privileges and in MoreFeminists believe that in a male-dominated society men are in authority over women. According to Feminists, the causes of women’s subversion in the patriarchal society are men’s access to power structures, the unequal distribution of social privileges and inappropriate relations between men and women. Patriarchy is a notable issue in literary texts. Bahram Beyzaie is one of authors. He writes plays, and one of the main issues of his plays is gender inequality and differences in women and men’s roles. The purpose of this paper is to explore the position of female characters in the patriarchal world of Bahram Beyzai’s "The Death of Akbar and Her One Thousand and One Nights" plays have been explored through a descriptive- analytical approach. This study shows that abuse of women, alienation from women, suppression of self-esteem, security and identity challenges, otherness, etc., are signs and factors of patriarchy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
828 - Analysis of the moral and educational actions of Ketayun and Homa in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, based on Maslow's theory of self-actualization.
Afsaneh Rakhshani Hamid Tabasi حبیب الله جدید الاسلامیIn Maslow's moral theory of self-actualization, some good and desirable traits are presented as superior moral models for the formation of an ideal and ideal life that potentially exists in all people. It is one of the notable literary topics that has been discusse MoreIn Maslow's moral theory of self-actualization, some good and desirable traits are presented as superior moral models for the formation of an ideal and ideal life that potentially exists in all people. It is one of the notable literary topics that has been discussed in several researches and according to Maslow's theory of self-actualization, the superior moral and educational models of two women from the family in the poems of the Shahnameh, which is the document and cultural and historical achievement of the Iranian nation. In the moral pyramid of this theory, it is identified and analyzed. This research, rShahnameh, the instructive actions of some women in the events are among the unique and influential factors, which is one of the main needs in the strength of the family foundation, and with Today's theories, especially Maslow's theory, are consistent; For example, as we can see in the character of Ketaion, the daughter of the Roman emperor, she has a creative and constructive role in various events and is a clear example of forgiveness, sacrifice and love, who is loyal to her husband, not tied to gold and silver. belonging to the world; Also, the moral presence of a woman in the execution of the great cause of justice and generosity can The mentioned characteristics are the main elements of Maslow's pyramid of moral self-actualization, which has caused the emergence of moral and educational meaning-making flows in the field of Persian literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
829 - The meaning of life from Nasser Khosrow's point of view, relying on mental images of existence
Sayyed hamed Mousavi jervekaniThe subject of the meaning of life is one of the concerns of contemporary man, which has been the focus of philosophers and psychologists.Studying the thoughts of the past philosophers in this field will bring important messages for the contemporary man who is caught in MoreThe subject of the meaning of life is one of the concerns of contemporary man, which has been the focus of philosophers and psychologists.Studying the thoughts of the past philosophers in this field will bring important messages for the contemporary man who is caught in the chaos of existence.The purpose of this research is to analyze the meaning of life from the perspective of Nasser.whereas the way a man looks at existence can reveal her attitude to life, the images of existence in his poems were counted and analyzed.This type of study showed that the main image of Nasser is of the existence of "mother"/"woman". A woman/mother has two characteristics of capacity and conception. there are other images in his poems that somehow connect with this macro image. Although these images show a negative view of existence and the world, their analysis and comparison with the macro picture of existence (mother and woman) showed that Nasser does not dislike life and existence, but considers life as a valuable thing; because it is the only opportunity available to a man, but this value is a tool, not essential; That is, this life is a tool to achieve "another life". Through this macro image, the function of a man in existence is also explained. Man's role in relation to mother is child, and in relation to woman, it can be husband, and in both cases, one should be careful not to get attached and fascinated while benefiting from the blessings of existence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
830 - Partiality in didactic Persian literature
null nullThe field of the didactic Persian literature is different not only from style of expressing ideas but it also different from the contents of ideas which they include from very individual aspects to social and political phenomena. In the present study, there is an attemp MoreThe field of the didactic Persian literature is different not only from style of expressing ideas but it also different from the contents of ideas which they include from very individual aspects to social and political phenomena. In the present study, there is an attempt to examine Persian didactic literature as a gender oriented genre. In other words, this study aims to determine if ethical instructions in the ancient Persian culture as used up to the present time are mostly partial toward education of the male gender. In this light, women, who have been entirely neglected in the so-called educational system, have inevitably based their values and logical on the predominant perspective. Therefore, females have been basically deprived of a significant part of their own entity and as a result they have lost it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
831 - Spatial Analysis of Women Employment Patterns In Major Activity Sectors of Iran Rural Settlements
حسنعلی faraji bahram hajari z. torabi nader malaeiThe aim of this study was to identify basic and non-basic activities of rural women employment in major sectors and groups of economic activities in rural areas, and also, their spatial distribution in the country. The population of research consists of 693 cities of th MoreThe aim of this study was to identify basic and non-basic activities of rural women employment in major sectors and groups of economic activities in rural areas, and also, their spatial distribution in the country. The population of research consists of 693 cities of the country, which their figures and information have been extracted from the General Census of Population and Housing in 2011, and by using Location Quotients (LQ) technique, the fundamental parts which were the exporters of labor force have been identified. The results show that the Western and South Eastern agricultural regions of the country are the basic regions. In the industrial sector, mainly North West (West and East Azarbaijan Provinces) and Isfahan, Qom, Central, and some parts of the Hamedan, Zanjan, Qazvin, and Tehran Provinces are the exporters of rural women labor force to other areas. Also, the distribution in the service sector are mainly in Central, North, and South regions of the country which are considered as exporters of the rural women labor force in the service sector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
832 - Evaluation of Rural Women’s role in Sustainable Development of Agriculture with Emphasis on Affectivity of Educational-Promotional Activities in Promoting Healthy Product Production in Gilan Province (Case Study: Rural areas of Langerrod and Roodsar Townships)
Parisa Mohammad PoorRural women have always had a very important and fundamental role in rural societies’ and the agricultural sector of Gilan province’s development. But these efforts have not been reflected separate from men’s jobs and their role has not been observed w MoreRural women have always had a very important and fundamental role in rural societies’ and the agricultural sector of Gilan province’s development. But these efforts have not been reflected separate from men’s jobs and their role has not been observed with adequate seriousness. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate rural women’s role in sustainable development of agriculture with emphasis on effectivity of educational-promotional activities in promoting healthy product production in Gilan province. That this study is applicable from the manner of purpose and is based on the descriptive-survey method. The required information in this research has been collected through questionnaire and library method and the people under study are the rural women of Langerood and Roodsar Townships. The statistical sample volume using the Cochrane formula has been determined as 193 individuals and the rate for Cronbach’s alpha for all of the questionnaire was equal to 0.89. The results of this study showed that amongst the educational-promotional programs designated for women and annual income from production of rice and their role in promoting the health production of products in villages is equal to 99% which indicates the very high meaningful relation of the foretold. Also the results from regression analysis indicated the matter that only the educational-promotional visits have entered in the analysis and singly could explain 26 percent of dependent variable of rate of women’s acknowledgment from vegetation pesticides’ disadvantages and chemical fertilizers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
833 - On the Analysis of Barriers in front of Domestic Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas with Emphasis on Resistive Economy to Deprived Areas from Basiji Jihadist Students' Points of View (Case Study: Kamfiroz Rural District, Marvdasht County)
M. Rahmanian koushki Y. Zarei A. EstelajiSmall scale entrepreneurship in business format at home and housework is considered as an important solution for creating employment and revenue around the world, and it can be a shortcut to realizing a resistive economy in our country. Although domestic entrepreneurshi MoreSmall scale entrepreneurship in business format at home and housework is considered as an important solution for creating employment and revenue around the world, and it can be a shortcut to realizing a resistive economy in our country. Although domestic entrepreneurship is one of the best fields of women’s economic activity, particularly in rural areas, its development is facing lots of obstacles and limitations.Accordingly, the present study was done with the aim of analyzing the barriers in front of domestic entrepreneurship with emphasis on resistive economy. The dominant approach of this study was quantitative based on survey method. The population included 150 Basiji Jihadist students in Marvdasht Islamic Azad university (N=150) which were studied using census method. Finally, 126 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Questionnaire was the main tool to collect data. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and specialists. In order to determine the reliability of the research tool, a pre-test was performed. The Cronbach alpha was calculated for the main scale of the questionnaire (α = 0.794), which indicated the suitability of the research tool. The data was analyzed using SPSSwin22 and LISREL 8.80 software. For identifying obstacles in front of home entrepreneurship with an emphasis on resistive economy, and to investigate the good index of the research model, the exploratory factor analysis and also, confirmatory factor analysis as well as structural equations model (SEM) were employed, separately. The results of factor analysis related to the barriers in front of domestic entrepreneurship showed that variables have been subjected to six factors of supportive weakness, economic barriers, cultural and social barriers, knowledge and information giving weaknesses, family barriers and lack of relevant laws. These six factor explained 70.521 % variance of the obstacles in front of domestic entrepreneurship with an emphasis on resistive economy. Finally, some recommendations were developed based on the research findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
834 - Investigation of city poor women empowerment focused on citizenship positive viewpoint (Case study: Akhmagiyeh sector, Tabriz metropolitan)
Shahrivar Rostaei Akbar Asghari Zamani Fatemeh ZadvaliCity poor women empowerment focused on citizenship positive viewpoint is as an internal new motivation in women that it can create beds for opportunities for city poor women amplitude, capabilities and adequacy inflorescence. According to applied knowledge development i MoreCity poor women empowerment focused on citizenship positive viewpoint is as an internal new motivation in women that it can create beds for opportunities for city poor women amplitude, capabilities and adequacy inflorescence. According to applied knowledge development in current research , we focused on city poor women empowerment investigation with citizenship positive viewpoint . So current research is applied according to aim, and also it is descriptive- analytic according to nature and method. Statistical society of current research includes Akhmagiyeh sector families in Tabriz city that mentioned sector was located in 7 region municipality. Sample size was estimated based on Kokeran modified model and it was equal with 342 persons. In order to research data analyzing , partial squares least were used in Warp-PLS software . Results showed that , the most effect on empowerment variables and citizenship positive viewpoint structural modeling investigate with 0/362 effect coefficient and self-satisfaction was equal with 0/410 in effect coefficient . The lowest effect in structural modeling was equal with 0/172 for citizenship positive viewpoint variables and it was equal with 0/215 for resistant by effect coefficient. Dependent variables determining coefficients model in current research showed that 13/4 percents variance of empowerment variable describe entering case. Also, Eston – Gaser test results for empowerment dependent variable with 0/152 and citizenship positive viewpoint Variable with 0/138 calculated amounts showed that regarded model has requirement anticipation power and capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
835 - The Explanation of Decision Making Process in Establishing Of the Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas, With Emphasis on Gender Approach (Case Study: Souleghan District)
Fazileh Dadvarkhani Somayeh MosaviThe aim of this empirical research is to analyze the factors influencing women's decision- making regarding adopting the entrepreneurship. In another word it evaluates the main factors which are effecting on extension of innovation adoption finalizing the adoption of en MoreThe aim of this empirical research is to analyze the factors influencing women's decision- making regarding adopting the entrepreneurship. In another word it evaluates the main factors which are effecting on extension of innovation adoption finalizing the adoption of entrepreneurship between rural women. The research concentrated on research in villages such as of Kan district that have considerable amount of entrepreneurs. The data has been collected by questionnaire on the base of Likert model and the documentary method as well, interviews . All entrepreneurs' women in the research area have been chosen, so no random selection is used. The statistical population of the research is the entrepreneurs family who growing and selling plants and flowers and living in 4 villages of the souleghan district.The research statistical population is 2,713 people, which include 667 households in the study area. All recipients of entrepreneurship and innovation that living in the 4 villages of Kan- souleghan are included in the sample population of the research ,that they are about 82 men and their wives.The data has been collected through the field work and library- base .they have been collected by questionnaires, interviews, books and various methods. The results shows that the family and social factors and personality of respondents have a greatest impact on the decision-making process of women in accepting an entrepreneurship, as well as their speed to make a decision. Finally, in the next step economic factors play a considerable role in this process and to their acceptance of an innovation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
836 - Hinge spaces, another look at the gendered behaviors of space with the Iranian-Islamic approach Case Study: Urban Space around the Holy Shrines
hamid pour hossein roshan Hamid Reza Saremi Mohamad reza PourjafarThe suitability of the urban spaces depends on the ability of them to respond on the needs of their users. Despite the fact that women make up half the city's population, does not pay attention to the design and construction of urban spaces. It is necessary is to explai MoreThe suitability of the urban spaces depends on the ability of them to respond on the needs of their users. Despite the fact that women make up half the city's population, does not pay attention to the design and construction of urban spaces. It is necessary is to explain the intellectual definitions of women in relation to urban spaces so that can be extracted the factors that increase the quality of women's presence in these spaces. Urban spaces around the holy shrines because of its religious nature have created a good bed for the free and secure presence of women without gender-based attitudes. This research has tried to explain the qualities of special urban spaces (the space around holy shrines) from the Perceptual-Semantic System of Women so answer the reasons for the presence of women in different spaces.For this reason, the present study uses the Qualitative research method to explain the features of particular urban spaces and the existing powers in them. Qualitative data in this study were collected using participatory observation methods and deep interviewing technique. The "grounded theory" method has been used to analyze information and present the final theory.Qualitative findings using the Grounded theory showed that the eight factors of the total observer, respect for space, hidden mental territory, fear of fault, hope for encouragement, educational dimension of space and privacy as essential powers are effective in increasing the presence of women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
837 - The Combined Application of Factor Analysis with Spatial Zoning in the Development of Rural Areas with the Approach of the Role of Rural Women's Employment in the Ramsar County
Mostafa Taleshi Seyed Yaser HakimdoostTOne of the characteristics of the settlement system in developing countries is intense focus and spatial imbalance, which in some cases is due to the effects of polar growth policies. Research methods in applied study descriptive and analytical approach to governing . MoreTOne of the characteristics of the settlement system in developing countries is intense focus and spatial imbalance, which in some cases is due to the effects of polar growth policies. Research methods in applied study descriptive and analytical approach to governing . This scheme for the rural areas and 38 indicators, factor analysis was used . The results of the application of Moran's index of spatial distribution of positive and equal to 0/237 or more. And given that the Z-Score value is equal to 16/38 was estimated at 1% confidence level was greater than expected: (EI = 2.58) is, As a result of the spatial distribution of cluster development in rural areas is approved. Also, the General G statistic equal to 0/25 to Z Rating 3/96, which is at 0/01 is significant and indicates that the spatial pattern of development in rural areas of Ramsar city is clustered. The results show that , in 63 villages in the city of Ramsar criteria for rural development , rural women are directly related to employment . This analysis confirmed the bivariate Moran's test, and the results indicate a direct impact on rural women's role in rural development, and 33 percent in rural areas is the city of Ramsar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
838 - Evaluation of criteria affecting women's activity in urban space (Case study: Esfaris Sidewalk, Ardabil)
Saman AbizadeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effective criteria on promoting women's activity and their presence in urban spaces (Esfaris Sidewalk located in Ardabil city) using the Canter's place model . The methodology of this research is applied in terms of purpose and MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effective criteria on promoting women's activity and their presence in urban spaces (Esfaris Sidewalk located in Ardabil city) using the Canter's place model . The methodology of this research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method of doing; it is descriptive-analytical and correlational. The required data were collected from the residents using a survey. The statistical population of this study is Ardabil citizens, of which 383 citizens of Ardabil were selected from 800 people according to Morgan table by stratified random method, of which 245 were females and 138 were males and in order to investigate the components, a questionnaire of activity and behavior, a questionnaire of physical-spatial features and a questionnaire of meanings were implemented; While confirmation, their validity and then reliability were measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which indicates a high level of reliability of research tools. One-sample T-tests and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the collected data using SPSS software and led to this conclusion that the Esfaris Sidewalk of Ardabil, in terms of physical-spatial indicators is moderate and according to averages less than 3, it indicates the existence of weakness in these components. These indicators are significant and if physical-spatial indicators are high quality, it will have a positive effect on the presence of women. But according to the results, physical-spatial indicators are moderate and as a result, there is less presence of women in the walking area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
839 - Analysis ofthe Roleof Women inRuralManagement (CaseStudy:Rural District Miankalehof BehsharCounty)
nasrollah molaeihashjin mohamadreza Naghavi abbas Bagheri pegah MoridalsadatGiventhathalf theworld's populationare womenDevelopmentis essentialtoachievingdevelopmentand managementofruralwomenas mencontributeThisfactnodoubtRegardless of thewomenwasnotpossibleto achieverealdevelopmentNote thepositionand role of womeninrural managementRuralmanagem MoreGiventhathalf theworld's populationare womenDevelopmentis essentialtoachievingdevelopmentand managementofruralwomenas mencontributeThisfactnodoubtRegardless of thewomenwasnotpossibleto achieverealdevelopmentNote thepositionand role of womeninrural managementRuralmanagementasakeycomponentforachievingrural developmentTheis influenceofthe nationalmacro-strategy approach,theVenice ofthelocalmanagementThemanyrolesofrural womenin economic, social and cultural roleswithin thehomeas well asoutsidethehouseto play.Rangeof10 villagesintherural districts ofMiankalehBehsharhsurveyresearchmethods andanalytical – descriptiveAswellasdocumentation andfieldworkdata collectionvia surveysLikert typeformatdesignedResearchvia software(SPSS)hasbeen analyzed.The resultsofthe studyshow thatruralComparedtotheaverageofthe indices oftheitemsassessedin eachsamplecanbe inferredAllcomponentsarelowerthanaverageThese changeswere notstatistically significant Seems tohavemarkedthe positionofwomeninrural managementat the community level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
840 - Barriers Identified for rural Women Participation in Samaleh and Salie-e Villages of Khuzestan in Development Programs
MOJTABA Ghadiri Masom hamidreza Bagheyani mansoor Ghaneyan motahareh GhadiriMasomRural development systematic approach knows pre-request accessible to development purposes participate of all rural people including woman, man, young and adult. It is considered participating and development plansas a pre-request of participating advantages toward achi MoreRural development systematic approach knows pre-request accessible to development purposes participate of all rural people including woman, man, young and adult. It is considered participating and development plansas a pre-request of participating advantages toward achieving development aims.This research has done with comparative study of rural women participate obstacles in development plans in two Samaleh and Salie-e villages in Khuzestan province. It was all people over 10years educated as statistic population case study and selected the sample persons to random sampling method between them. Data collection was questionnaire by library studies. Research results indicate that different factors such as economic, social and cultural effect on rural women participation. In other hand have been social and cultural factors women participation obstacles in villages study area. It was different priority obstacles and participate women barriers, regarding cultural diversity between two villages (one Arab language and other Lorish languages). According to results it seems request measuring achieve by executing and women participators and execute plan. Also it can promote women participate rate and level by using linguistic and local language in development programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
841 - The Role of NGOs in rural youths and women Empowerment (Case of Ardogash Village)
majid yasooriThe strategy of sustainable development is aimed at the utilization of capabilities in rural communities to help meet the material and intellectual needs while establishing equilibrium between the constituents of local residence system (including ecological, social, eco MoreThe strategy of sustainable development is aimed at the utilization of capabilities in rural communities to help meet the material and intellectual needs while establishing equilibrium between the constituents of local residence system (including ecological, social, economic and institutional elements). Different reasons, including incapability, cause the absence of village-dwellers in the process of designing and implementing rural development plans. Empowerment and acquiring the skills of optimal utilization of local resources in total lay the groundwork for the facilitation of participation. One of the most important styles of rural empowerment is the establishment of local institutions (Non Governmental Organizations). Learning about the grounds of forming and developing local foundations and the roles they play in the process of rural development and promotion is prominently important in the course of sustainable development, particularly for the rural youths and women. The present field research has been carried out in the villages of Orduqash rural district with special focus on the Club of Young Farmers as the only active institution in the region. (The participants filled out 60 questionnaires and answered the interview questions.) Results of the present study indicate that the institute has brought about the means of staging educational programs, setting up the centers of social activity such as horticultural crops' packaging center, launching special groups of entrepreneurship, forming cultural and athletic groups etc. These activities have been effectual in the development of abilities and skills, particularly among the rural youths and women, the growth of incomes and creation of new jobs which can collectively contribute to the realization of sustainable rural development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
842 - LocalManagementRolein The Empowermentof RuralWomen(Case Study:SouthernAstarābādRural District of Gorgan)
aliakbar najafikai zeinab vesalLocal management is a relatively new concept which is a key element of solving problems ­ rustic look and its application in the field of rural problems is increasing day by­ day. One of the most effective strategies in the development and sustainability o MoreLocal management is a relatively new concept which is a key element of solving problems ­ rustic look and its application in the field of rural problems is increasing day by­ day. One of the most effective strategies in the development and sustainability of rural areas, the role of local leaders in rural development. Proper implementation and management of policies and investments so rural development programs in directed them to use their abilities, ability and community participation in sustainable rural development paves the way to.­ Proper implementation and management of policies and investments so Rural development programs in the form led them to use their skills, capabilities and community participation to achieve Sustainable development of rural smoothly. Given the key role of rural women in particular, agricultural production, Rural Industries and. They are important in the process of rural development, and enabling them to develop new concepts and focus strengthen poverty alleviation strategy in rural areas are known. In this context, this paper attempts to examine the role Local Leaders (Council of Dhyary) the empowerment of rural women in Astarābād district located in the southern city of Gorgan pay. Methods The study was descriptive - analytical and study population of 200 women using Cochran formula selected rural villages in South Astarābād A random sample of / Systmayk are obtained. sensing data for the test correlation analysis (Spearman, Kendall Kramer) and Mac Nemar in soft SPSS software is used The research findings suggest that local managers with their actions impact Attention in various fields including employment opportunities appropriate, increase revenue, strengthen co and women's organizations and Also the skill rural women in rural South Astarābād have. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
843 - Socio-Economic Improvement of Women: An Impact Evaluation of Womens' Involvement with Integrated Farming Systems in Bangladesh
Nahid Anjuman Md. Abdul Momen Miah Rufiqunnessa Ali Mohammed Nasir Uddin -
Open Access Article
844 - Resolving Methods of Marital Discords and Conflicts of Rural Women – Field Study in Menia Governorate, Egypt
Elham Abdou Mohammed Aly -
Open Access Article
845 - Factors Associated with Women Farmers’ Level of Control in Farmer-Groups in Kwara State, Nigeria
Kemi Omotesho Gbolagade Adesiji Adeniyi Akinrinde Oyindamola Aluko -
Open Access Article
846 - Factors Influencing Rural Livelihood Diversification Activities among Women in Northern Region of Ghana
Hamza Adam Henny Osbahr -
Open Access Article
847 - Effectiveness of Microcredit Fund Scheme in Economic Empowerment of Rural Women in Tehran Province
Samira Saadat Salehi Abri Mehrdad Niknami -
Open Access Article
848 - Impact of Women Empowerment on Food Security among Rural Households in Kwara State, Nigeria
Azeez Muhammad-Lawal Kemi Omotesho Oluwaremilekun Jimoh Nimat Abdulraheem Lvie Loreta Olaghere -
Open Access Article
849 - Influence of Women on Crop Choice Decision Making among Farm Households in Northern Ghana
Alhassan Andani John Jatoe -
Open Access Article
850 - Analysis of Women’s Participation in Processing Cassava
Grace Ajayi -
Open Access Article
851 - The Influence of Household Decision Making on Vegetable Farming among Rural Women in Kwara State
Tolulope Ogedengbe Nike Akanji -
Open Access Article
852 - The Role of Women's Employment in the Economy and Family Rights (Qualitative Study with Rural Women in Iran)
Sara Pezeshki Seyed Alireza Hosseini Mohammad Hossein Nazemi Ashni -
Open Access Article
853 - Rural Women Access to Nutritional Services: A Case Study Concerning Rural Women in Bangladesh
Mohammed Nasir Uddin Nusrat Zahan Liza Mohammad Asaduzzaman Sarker Julius Githinji Muchemi Sharmin Akter Zujaja Wahaj Saifur RahmanEquity of access to primary health services is critical for the most vulnerable and marginalised people in our societies. Despite global efforts to establish universal health care systems, women continue to be among society's most underserved citizens in both poor urban MoreEquity of access to primary health services is critical for the most vulnerable and marginalised people in our societies. Despite global efforts to establish universal health care systems, women continue to be among society's most underserved citizens in both poor urban and rural settings. The main barriers may include economic, geographic, cultural, or institutional factors. Monitoring access inequalities to primary health care services is critical in providing policymakers with an evidence-based solutions more equity-oriented policies, programmes, and practices towards improving long and healthy life for all people in the society. The main purpose of the study was to explore what factors influence women’s access to health services provided through government and civil society health programmes. It also examines the evolution of nutritional programs under government and civil society organizations in Bangladesh to provide insights on their design considerations to inform future design, deliver, and access of health care programmes by women in Bangladesh. Findings indicated that only 50% of rural women had access to health programmes. In addition, young and education women with high exposure to public awareness opportunities had more access health programmes. Further, health programme delivered through government and civil society design and delivery mechanisms reached out to more women. The study concludes that understanding women's circumstances and taking institutional design into account for operational effectiveness are crucial for the design and delivery of health services to rural areas, given these challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
854 - Assessment of Women Agribusiness Cooperatives in Oyo State, Nigeria
J. H Kagbu, F.O Issa, -
Open Access Article
855 - Knowledge of Women with Agricultural Household Jobs toward Innovation Management in Masjed Soliman Township, Khouzestan Province, Iran
Shahrzad Faraji Azadeh Noorollah Noorivandi -
Open Access Article
856 - Women and Vegetable Production in Abra, Philippines: Benefits and Challenges
Evangeline P. Agres Leo G. Inocencio Alma C. Aguinaldo -
Open Access Article
857 - Socio-Economic Evaluation of Cassava Production by Women Farmers in Igbo-Eze North Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria
Okereke, Chukwuma Odii -
Open Access Article
858 - Effectiveness of Cassava Women Processors in Value Addition Technologies in Abia State, Nigeria
K. M Okoroafor C. U Nwaobiala -
Open Access Article
859 - Constraints to Increasing Agricultural Production and Productivity among Women Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Agricultural Transformation Agenda
Mary O. Agada Evangeline N. Ajani -
Open Access Article
860 - Factors Influencing Adoption of Improved Cassava Processing Technologies by Rural Women in Enugu State, Nigeria
Asadu A.N. Agwu A.E. Chah J.M. Enwelu I.A -
Open Access Article
861 - Determinants of Entrepreneurial Orientation of Rural Women Small Business Owners: The Case of Gambella Region of Ethiopia
Daniel Temesgen Getachew Wodajo -
Open Access Article
862 - Effect of Women Led Self Help Group on Micro-Financing of Farms in Isuikwuato Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria
Anyiro C.O Okonkwo K.N Udah S.C -
Open Access Article
863 - Investigating the role of religiosity in the participation of women in sports activities (Case study: Women in Tehran)
Roya Pourmohammadi Esmaeil Jahanbakhsh Asghar MohammadiToday, women are less likely to participate in sporting activities than men, and therefore have many health problems. Regarding the importance of the subject, the present study aims to investigate the role of social religiosity in the participation of women in sports ac MoreToday, women are less likely to participate in sporting activities than men, and therefore have many health problems. Regarding the importance of the subject, the present study aims to investigate the role of social religiosity in the participation of women in sports activities using fieldwork, scrolling technique, questionnaire research tools, and the use of SPSS and AMOS software. The statistical population of the present study is all women aged 18 years and above Tehran, 600 of them using Cochran formula as sample size. The results of the research indicate that there is a significant difference between the total religiosity (P = 0.26) and its dimensions: belief in the dimension (P = 0.24), consequence dimension (P = 0.33), ritual dimension (0.31 = P) There is a positive and significant relationship between the experimental (P = 0.22) and the cognitive dimension (P = 0.28) with the participation of women in sports activities; therefore, all the research hypotheses are confirmed. The results of the structural equation model (AMOS) also showed that the total effect of independent variable religiosity on the participation of women in sports activities is 0.35. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
864 - Effective Factors Promoting Work Culture for Female Headed Women
Vahid Aghasi Bourujeni Azar Gholizadeh Akbar EtebariyanDue to rapid changes in the world this century, social development as one of the achievements of cultural change society in various fields such as industry, economy, etc. and women as part of a community can have an important role in employment In a community. The purpo MoreDue to rapid changes in the world this century, social development as one of the achievements of cultural change society in various fields such as industry, economy, etc. and women as part of a community can have an important role in employment In a community. The purpose of this research is Designing Structural-Interpretative Structural Analysis (ISM) of Factors Promotion of work culture for women headed by households. The statistical population of the study consisted of 12 cultural management specialists selected from among Associate Professors through homogeneous sampling. The method of this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative section, the most relevant research on the topic of work culture was first selected based on the CASP method. Based on the high score in the selected research, 18 factors influencing the promotion of the work culture of unmarried women were identified in 5 sub-components And analyzed by Delphi. Then, in the quantitative section, the indexes were encoded and, based on the interactive matrix, distributed among the participants (12 elite) of the research, and a constraint matrix designing a structural-interpretation model was designed. The results of this study showed that the designed model consists of 11 levels which is the most important and most influential factor of working culture for abandoned women, reforming labor law as an index of the sub-component of cultural norms, and the least effective indicator on promotion of work culture, awareness of The title is one of the indicators of the sub-component of the media doctrine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
865 - Investigating the role of individual, family, social and economic factors in the tendency towards addiction in women (Case Study: Golestan Province)
Akram Mohammadiniko Alireza Ghorbani Azam MohhamadinikooDrug addiction is a social pathology that underlies the cause of the collapse of many values, cultural norms and ethics. This dilemma was considered by men only, but has recently also involved women. Objective: The present study aims to investigate the individual, famil MoreDrug addiction is a social pathology that underlies the cause of the collapse of many values, cultural norms and ethics. This dilemma was considered by men only, but has recently also involved women. Objective: The present study aims to investigate the individual, familial, social, and economical factors. Methodology: This study was performed in Applied and survey manner. Method: Statistical population includes all of women who had referred to two rehab centers in Gorgan and Azadshahr cities. The subject was consisted of all women with a tendency toward addiction in Addiction Treatment Center in Gorgan, all 343 people were considered. The sample size using Cochran formula was 200 people. Sampling was conducted in random manner. Data collection was done by using self-made questionnaire in this research. To analyze the data obtained from research Amos software was used. Findings: The results obtained from factor analysis model showed that the most significant factor that causes addiction in women was individual factor with the factor loading of .92, the second was related to familial factor, the third effective factor was social factor and the last factor was economical factor with no significant effect. Conclusion: In this study it was shown that among women addiction tendency factors, individual, familial and social were the most effective one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
866 - Effectiveness of effective communication skills training with spouses on emotional regulation and marital satisfaction of married women referring to family counseling centers in Isfahan
akram hojati saeid shaveysi zad samira haqani maneshThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of effective communication skills training with spouses on emotional regulation and marital satisfaction of married women in Isfahan. The method of this research is semi-experimental and is a pre-test-post-tes MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of effective communication skills training with spouses on emotional regulation and marital satisfaction of married women in Isfahan. The method of this research is semi-experimental and is a pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study was all couples referring to family counseling centers in Isfahan in 1397. Among the couples referring to family counseling centers, 30 patients were selected using the available sampling method in two experimental and control groups (15 subjects in each group and 15 in the control group). The instruments used in this study were emotional regulation questionnaire by Garnovsky et al. (2002) and Olson's marital satisfaction (1989). The results of this study showed that effective communication skills with the spouses increased the adjustment of emotional regulation. Effective communication skills with spouses have reduced the level of emotional regulation that is incompatible. Effective communication skills with husbands have increased marital satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
867 - Comparison of irrational beliefs, self-control and excitement in women and men treated with methadone (stimuli)
Marjan Rabei Sara Yavari mahboobThe purpose of this study was to compare irrational beliefs, self-control and excitement in men and women treated with methadone (stimuli). For this purpose, 100 people with addicted methadone (males and females) Available selections. Jones's irrational beliefs question MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare irrational beliefs, self-control and excitement in men and women treated with methadone (stimuli). For this purpose, 100 people with addicted methadone (males and females) Available selections. Jones's irrational beliefs questionnaire for assessing irrational beliefs, Tangy's self-control questionnaire for measuring self-control variable and Zuckerman's excitement scale for excitement measurement. SPSS-21 software was used to analyze the statistical data. The results showed that there is a difference between the irrational beliefs of women and men treated with methadone and in women treated with methadone, irrational beliefs need to be confirmed by others, there is a tendency to blame and dependence more than men, and in methadone treated men, perfectionism There are more irrational women than women. There is also a difference between the self-control variable in these two groups. The difference is that self-control in women undergoing methadone treatment is more than that of men. In the last review of the research hypothesis, the excitement comparison, it was also found that there are significant differences between the two sexes in this variable. The results show that escape from inhibition and adventure in men treated with methadone is more than that of women, and the morbidity of women treated with methadone is higher than that of men. There is a difference between men and women treated with methadone (stimuli) in terms of irrational beliefs, self-control and excitement. Therefore, researchers, researchers and therapists need to pay attention to the gender differences in women and men treated with methadone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
868 - Study of Marital Conflicts and its Effective Factors among Women Living in Bushehr City
Zeinat Faramarzi Gholamreza Jaafarinya Habib PasalarzadehConflicts in the family, including marital conflicts, are now one of the topics of interest to researchers, despite their naturalness. Because if these conflicts are not intensified and managed, it can cause confusion and divorce. Therefore, due to its importance, the p MoreConflicts in the family, including marital conflicts, are now one of the topics of interest to researchers, despite their naturalness. Because if these conflicts are not intensified and managed, it can cause confusion and divorce. Therefore, due to its importance, the present study has studied the sociology of this issue. This study was a small study using a survey technique. Data collection tool was a questionnaire and the statistical population was all married women in Bushehr, which was analyzed using the Cochran's formula of 384 people as a sample size. The results showed that the hypotheses related to age, duration of marriage and number of children were confirmed, and a statistically significant relationship was observed between these variables and marital conflicts. But there was no statistically significant relationship between employment status, responsive education and spouse education with marital conflicts. In general, we can conclude. Despite the fact that marital conflicts are mostly discussed in the field of psychology and are considered as a psychological issue. However, it is strongly influenced by socio-cultural components and it is necessary for family officials to pay enough attention to these variables in policy and planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
869 - A Study of Gender Socialization and Its Role in Women's Political Socialization (Case Study of Cultural Women in Ahvaz)
Azita Zangeneh abdoreza hashemi Eshagh Arjmand SiyahposhWomen's political socialization, in the field of politics and decision-making, has an important role in the development and modernization of any country, and realizing the importance of this issue, every country should try to remove cultural, social, political and econo MoreWomen's political socialization, in the field of politics and decision-making, has an important role in the development and modernization of any country, and realizing the importance of this issue, every country should try to remove cultural, social, political and economic barriers to women's participation for Achieving the growth and prosperity of society in all areas. Considering the importance of political socialization and the role of women in society, this study was conducted as a survey in a community consisting of 8763 cultural women in Ahvaz. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, variance and frequency tables as well as inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation test. Linear regression was used to investigate the natural scatter of data. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between women's political socialization and gender socialization variable. The correlation coefficient between them is 0.138 and their significance level is 0.05. Therefore, we conclude that the different gender socialization of women is one of the barriers to political socialization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
870 - Presenting a model of social harms of earthquake-stricken women in Bam
Fatemeh Yazdizadeh Reza Fazel Alireza SaanatkhahThe aim of this study is to present the model of social harms of earthquake-stricken women in Bam, which has been done in a mixed or combined manner. In the qualitative part, which is done with the Grand Theory strategy, the statistical population of the study includes MoreThe aim of this study is to present the model of social harms of earthquake-stricken women in Bam, which has been done in a mixed or combined manner. In the qualitative part, which is done with the Grand Theory strategy, the statistical population of the study includes the earthquake-stricken women of Bam, 12 of whom have been purposefully selected as the statistical population. Interview analysis was performed according to coding method and based on data analysis, 224 meaningful concepts and propositions were extracted from the text of the interviews. Following the coding process, 218 corresponding concepts were extracted from 224 meaningful propositions. The corresponding concepts became 45 subcategories due to the large number of overlaps and duplicates. Also, due to the closeness and semantic overlap of many pivotal subcategories in the coding stage, 45 existing subcategories have become 17 pivotal categories, which include: crisis living environment, disaster experience, environmental disorders, experience of violence, mourning and bereavement, cultural dominance. Masculinity, the traditional view of disasters, the loss of privacy, adaptation to crisis, self-destructive behaviors, social isolation and withdrawal, fake attempts to improve, sexual harassment, remorse, experience of violence, femininity of injuries, degradation of maternal status with more abstraction These categories include selective coding, a nuclear category described as "the social harms of earthquake-stricken women in a crisis-ridden and disastrous life, and in the context of experiences of violence, mourning, and bereavement, with crisis adaptation strategies, self-defeating, isolated, and isolated behaviors." "Sexual harassment, remorse, the experience of violence, and even the degradation of maternal status have led to the appearance that it can cover all other categories." In the quantitative section, the results of modeling have shown that the extraction pattern has been confirmed with high coefficients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
871 - Relationship Analysis of the Effective Factors on the Officially-employed Female Teachers in the City of Sabzevar)
mehri sadat delghandi sani reza fazel hossein fekrazadWomen's employment renders to be an important issue to be scientifically discussed in today's world. Women seek jobs for numerous reasons which make them accept other social responsibilities other than their domestic duties. These, in fact, are fighting two fronts. Wome MoreWomen's employment renders to be an important issue to be scientifically discussed in today's world. Women seek jobs for numerous reasons which make them accept other social responsibilities other than their domestic duties. These, in fact, are fighting two fronts. Women's employment today is one of the issues that arises in the community and women are working for a variety of reasons.And they even have to accept social responsibilities in addition to their responsibilities at home and the education of their children.This is where we are faced with the "working women".People who serve and serve on two important fronts, the community and the family.Also women's employment is one of the issues that is posing in Iran and has had some effects in the community. In this study, the factors and implications for the employment of cultural women in Sabzevar are studied and analyzed. Also, the purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between factors such as job satisfaction, sense of security, income and personal development (self-development) and the attitude towards the employment of cultural women. The statistical population of the research was women's cultural schools in Sabzevar, and the sample size was 200 people who were randomly selected using Cochran's formula and cluster sampling method. The research method is survey and data gathering tool is a questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis are used to process a suitable proposed model. The results show that there is a significant relationship between job satisfaction, feeling of security and self-esteem, and attitude towards employment, but income has not affected their attitude toward employment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
872 - To study sociological lived experience of economically self-reliant women
zohre Bozorgnezhad maysam mousaei reza moiniOne of the main transformations of Iran on the way of development is womens employment and making revenue. While women employment shows ascending trend, cultural-social conditions in society almost does not show suitable dynamics.so, in some cases women face with proble MoreOne of the main transformations of Iran on the way of development is womens employment and making revenue. While women employment shows ascending trend, cultural-social conditions in society almost does not show suitable dynamics.so, in some cases women face with problems such as role pressure. Present study aims to analyze lived experience of economically self-reliant women and performs grounded theory method and data from semi-structured interviews from 31 eligible women were collected and were analyzed by theoretical coding and by MAXQDA software. Results showed that mostly studied women experience phenomenon based “role pressure”. Causal conditions of this phenomenon were explained by 3 types of “ financial need, maintain traditional role of house wifery, non social and family support”. Mediator conditions also achieved in the form of “age, education, husband education,distance from house to work place”. Some strategies women adopt when face with axial phenomenon are “ physical and mental empowerment, resiliency and adjustment, part time work,...” and the main consequences of these strategies are “ achieve social position, achieve economic and individual benefits, occupational, family and individual injuries”. The conclusion is todays the phenomenon of “role pressure” is observed among iranian working women,so, it is necessary the social system adopt policies in order to balance their traditional role and economic-social role. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
873 - A Comparative Study of the Impact of Social Welfare Policies on Women's Social Deprivation in Iran (Case study of the policies of the tenth government and the eleventh government)
Roghayeh Ehsani Kalkhoran babak Naderpour Dr. Roya Montazemi hamidreza Nategh NouriThis study has compared the impact of social welfare policies on women's social deprivation in Iran in the policies of the tenth and eleventh governments with a review method (documentary-library). The findings show that when we consider issues such as citizenship right MoreThis study has compared the impact of social welfare policies on women's social deprivation in Iran in the policies of the tenth and eleventh governments with a review method (documentary-library). The findings show that when we consider issues such as citizenship rights, education and women's employment as the basis of welfare policies, this has shown a worse situation in Ahmadinejad's tenth government than in the eleventh Rouhani government. In general, the welfare policies of women's rights, education, and women's employment in Ahmadinejad's tenth and eleventh governments have failed to reduce women's social deprivation in Iran in various dimensions. In Iran, the status of the employment system in the field of women's employment has not been stable, and the lack of government expertise in the field of employment policy and a one-dimensional view in this area has led to a shortage of women's employment programs, which is more important in Ahmadinejad's government than the government. Rouhani is obvious. Women's education has outpaced their employment in Ahmadinejad's tenth government and Rouhani's 11th, and the number of unemployed graduates has always increased over the years, indicating that both governments have moved toward feminization of poverty because the performance of the two The government has increased poverty, inequality, wage inequality, increased the number of mothers with young children, and female-headed households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
874 - Explaining marital satisfaction based on the components of cognitive-behavioral approach in pregnant women
yousef aminiThe aim of this study was to explain marital satisfaction and its subscales based on the components of cognitive-behavioral approach in pregnant women. To achieve that, in a semi-experimental study with plan pre-test, post-test with the control group, 40 people among th MoreThe aim of this study was to explain marital satisfaction and its subscales based on the components of cognitive-behavioral approach in pregnant women. To achieve that, in a semi-experimental study with plan pre-test, post-test with the control group, 40 people among the statistical population were chosen by considering the criteria which is available in sampling method, and they randomly divided into two groups of 20 (experimental and control). The Experimental participants were trained on cognitive-behavioral in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group did not receive any training during this time. The tool which is used to collect data in pre-test, post-test were, Enrich Marital Satisfaction .Data were analyzed by using mean, multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that marital satisfaction and its subscales can be explained based on the components of cognitive-behavioral approach.And teaching these components in pregnant women leads to improved marital satisfaction and subscales of personality issues, marital relationship, financial management, Sexual Relationship, and Religious Orientation, Conflict resolution, free time, Parenting, Egalitarianism, and relatives and friends In them. Therefore, it can be concluded that by teaching the components of cognitive-behavioral approach to pregnant women along with other care during pregnancy, improve marital satisfaction in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
875 - Considering Relationship between Women's social capital and Their Participationin sporting Activities in the Yazd City
محمدتقی ایمان زهراالسادات بنی فاطمهIn today's world of sports participation as an essential element of life is considered, Social capital is the most important person on the basis of the individual's admission that it pays to sports participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the r MoreIn today's world of sports participation as an essential element of life is considered, Social capital is the most important person on the basis of the individual's admission that it pays to sports participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between capital and young women's participation in sports. Bourdieu's theory of capital was used as the theoretical framework. The young women 18- 35 years old population of Yazd and to collect data, 200 of them were selected as examples of sampling. The findings suggest that sports participation for young women 18 to 35 years, the city of Yazd, the average level is. The mean age and employment, sports participation among respondents show a significant difference. But compared to the average sports participation among respondents in terms of education, there is a significant difference. According to the regression results, communication variables (r = 0/280) and social identity (r = 0/113) had a significant independent effect on sports participation variable in the most direct influence on sport participation of media consumption a (r = 0/463) is. Finally, social capital (r = 0/944) has the most direct impact on sports participation variable. Thus, the overall objective of this research can be found in the capital city of Yazd has a considerable impact on the social participation of young women in sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
876 - Factors affecting of religion (A case study of married women living in Gorgan)
غلامرضا خوش فر محبوبه ایلواریThe present study was conducted to identify the affecting factors on religiusity. Since religion influences family relationships and with respect to the fact that one of the main goals of society, at present, is to strengthen the religious values in families. In this re MoreThe present study was conducted to identify the affecting factors on religiusity. Since religion influences family relationships and with respect to the fact that one of the main goals of society, at present, is to strengthen the religious values in families. In this research, descriptive survey method has been used. The population included 144406 married women who live in the city of Gorgan. The sample size consisted of 360 married women who were determined by using Cochran formula. Multi-stage random sampling method was used for the study. For the first selection, 36 randomly selected neighborhoods were chosen, then in every process, in proportion to the number of settled households and using systematic random sampling, 10 married women were selected and studied the questionnaires of Lock Wallace religiosity was the tool of measurement in this study. To analyze the results, pearson correlationand path analysis were used in addition to the methods of descriptive statistics. The results showed that there is not a significant relationship between social trust, media consumption and religiusity.Whilethere is a significant relationship between age, education, duration of marriage, total children, socio-economic status andreligiosity. The results of path analysis indicated that the highest total greatly affectsmarried women̓s religiosity.Also in the present study women̓s religious differ significantly depending on whether they were born in cities or villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
877 - Study and correlated with socioeconomic and demographic situation of immigrant women's reproductive behavior: A Case Study of Afghan women immigrants living in the Parsian and Lamerd
رضا نوبخت علی قاسمی اردهایی محمدرضا برومندزادهDespite the long-term presence of Afghan refugees in Iran, attributes and behaviors of the demographic, economic, social and considered them less known. The aim of this study was to identify behaviors, demographic, social and economic migrants in the southern regions an MoreDespite the long-term presence of Afghan refugees in Iran, attributes and behaviors of the demographic, economic, social and considered them less known. The aim of this study was to identify behaviors, demographic, social and economic migrants in the southern regions and less developed Afghanistan Iran. Afghan refugees in Iran of significant population (4.1 million) and long-term record of their presence in society, the need to study in the field of recognizing the different characteristics of this group of immigrants stresses. So the two regions in the provinces of Fars and Hormozgan (Parsian and Lamerd) selected from 115 women 15 to 49, the information collected and analyzed. The findings suggest that immigrant women's reproductive and fertility of origin and destination are significant differences in the level of the target provinces. Among the social variables explained only education gives women of reproductive differences. A significant correlation between length of stay, there was no family relationship of spouses and children. Low levels of awareness and early marriage leads to a lack of social mobility of immigrant women. These two factors lead to higher fertility levels were to immigrant women than women. It seems that there are areas of cultural and religious, such as early marriage, particularly for girls, called sons of immigrants in the city studied the determinants of reproductive behavior in the coming years and their fertility at a higher level than natives place. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
878 - Representation of gender stereotypes among Iranian women using the social network Instagram
ali jafari Maryam Ferdowsi Eqbql KhaledianThe purpose of this article is to examine the representation of gender stereotypes of women users of the Instagram social network. In terms of purpose, the present study is applied and in terms of data collection method is survey. The statistical population of this arti MoreThe purpose of this article is to examine the representation of gender stereotypes of women users of the Instagram social network. In terms of purpose, the present study is applied and in terms of data collection method is survey. The statistical population of this article includes all Iranian women users of Instagram and Telegram networks in unlimited numbers. Using Morgan table, the statistical sample size was estimated to be 384 people. Samples were selected using purposive non-random sampling method. Data were collected using an online researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software version 21 was used to analyze the data and t-test was used to analyze the hypotheses. The results of this article showed that gender stereotypes are significantly represented in mobile-based social networks (Instagram). Also, in the studied social network, the types of gender stereotypes (with the content of sexual symbols, with the content of violence, with the content of patriarchy and patriarchy, with the content of gender maps) are significantly represented Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
879 - بررسی روحیه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی، مثالی از ایران
مهدی نوری پور آذر اسکندری زینب شریفیاین پژوهش با هدف بررسی وضعیت ویژگی­های شخصیتی مربوط به روحیه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل زنان روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان نیمروز استان سیستان و بلوچستان بودند که از طریق جدول کرجسی و مورگان 186 نفر به عنوان نمونه تعیین و با تکنیک Moreاین پژوهش با هدف بررسی وضعیت ویژگی­های شخصیتی مربوط به روحیه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی انجام شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل زنان روستایی بخش مرکزی شهرستان نیمروز استان سیستان و بلوچستان بودند که از طریق جدول کرجسی و مورگان 186 نفر به عنوان نمونه تعیین و با تکنیک نمونهگیری طبقهای با انتساب متناسب انتخاب و مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. داده­ها با استفاده از پرسشنامه گردآوری شد که روایی آن به کمک تکنیک روایی صوری و پایایی آن با محاسبه ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید گردید. هم­چنین از نرم­افزار SPSS برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که بیش از 50 درصد زنان روستایی در ویژگی­های خطرپذیری متعادل، کانون کنترل درونی، موفقیت­طلبی، سلاست روانی، تحمل ابهام، رویاپردازی و نوآوری در حد قوی بوده­اند. با این وجود، 30 درصد زنان روستایی از نظر ویژگی­های خطرپذیری متعادل، سلاست فکری، استقلال­طلبی و نوآوری در حد ضعیف بوده­اند. هم­چنین نزدیک به 17 درصد زنان روستایی از نظر رویاپردازی و چالش­طلبی ضعیف ارزیابی شدند. نتایج آزمون t تک نمونه­ای نیز نشان داد ابعاد ده گانه­ی روحیه کارآفرینی زنان بالاتر از حد متوسط بوده است. بنابراین برای افزایش روحیه کارآفرینی زنان روستایی لازم است ویژگی­های خطرپذیری متعادل، نوآوری، استقلال­طلبی، سلاست روانی، چالش طلبی و رویاپردازی را در زنان روستایی تقویت نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
880 - عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت زنان روستایی استان مازندران در کشت برنج
سعید فعلی نهاوند امیر احمدپورهدف از پژوهش، شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت زنان روستایی استان مازندران در کشت برنج است. برای این منظور با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی چندمرحلهای تعداد 300 نفر از زنان روستایی شالیکار استان مازندران برای شرکت در فرایند تحقیق انتخاب شدند. ابزار سنجش، پرسشنامه بود که Moreهدف از پژوهش، شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر مشارکت زنان روستایی استان مازندران در کشت برنج است. برای این منظور با استفاده از روش نمونهگیری تصادفی چندمرحلهای تعداد 300 نفر از زنان روستایی شالیکار استان مازندران برای شرکت در فرایند تحقیق انتخاب شدند. ابزار سنجش، پرسشنامه بود که روایی آن توسط اساتید صاحب نظر و پایایی آن پس از انجام یک پیش آزمون و محاسبه ضریب کرونباخ آلفا (0/86=α) مورد تایید قرار گرفت نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که میزان مشارکت زنان روستایی در کشت برنج تقریباً در سطح متوسط است و زنان به دلایلی ازقبیل کمک به اقتصاد خانواده، کسب درآمد و تولید محصول مازاد بر مصرف در کشت برنج مشارکت دارند. هم­چنین، زنان روستایی بیشترین میزان مشارکت در مراحل مختلف کشت برنج را در فعالیتهای انتخاب بذر، نشاءکاری و حفظ و نگهداری خزانه داشتند. نتایج تحلیلی تحقیق نشان داد که همبستگی معنیداری بین برخی از ویژگی های فردی و حرفه­ای زنان روستایی با میزان مشارکت آنها در کشت برنج وجود دارد. همچنین، نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه نشان داد که 42/9 درصد تغییر در واریانس متغیر وابسته توسط سه متغیر درآمد خانواده، تعداد اعضای خانواده و سطح زیرکشت برنج تبیین می­شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
881 - میزان سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی و عوامل موثر بر آن(مطالعه ی موردی: زنان روستایی بخش قلعه شاهین استان کرمانشاه)
سمیه شهبازی علی اصغر میرک زاده Amirhossein Alibaygiسلامت اجتماعی در توسعه­ی اجتماعی جامعه روستایی به ویژه در بین زنان روستایی در راستای بهزیستی و ارتقای سرمایه اجتماعی و انسانی آنان امری ضروری است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و با رویکردی متفاوت جهت بررسی میزان سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی و عوامل موثر بر آن در استان کر Moreسلامت اجتماعی در توسعه­ی اجتماعی جامعه روستایی به ویژه در بین زنان روستایی در راستای بهزیستی و ارتقای سرمایه اجتماعی و انسانی آنان امری ضروری است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی و با رویکردی متفاوت جهت بررسی میزان سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی و عوامل موثر بر آن در استان کرمانشاه تدوین یافت. روش تحقیق توصیفی-همبستگی و مبتنی بر روش اسنادی و میدانی(ابزار پرسشنامه) بود. جامعه آماری شامل زنان روستایی بخش قلعه شاهین استان کرمانشاه بودند که تعداد 187 نفر از آن­ها به روش نمونه­گیری چند مرحله­ای انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان داد اکثر افراد مورد مطالعه از میزان سلامت اجتماعی، مهارت ارتباطی و حمایت اجتماعی متوسطی برخوردارند. همچنین مشخص گردید که بین میزان تماشای تلویزیون، میزان اوقات فراغت و میزان مهارت ارتباطی با میزان سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی رابطه­ی معناداری وجود دارد، به­گونه­ای که با افزایش هر یک از این موارد میزان سرمایه اجتماعی نیز افزایش پیدا می­کند. براساس یافته­های تحلیل رگرسیون نیز مشخص گردید که در نهایت 49 درصد از واریانس میزان سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی بوسیله­ی متغیرهای اوقات فراغت، تماشای تلویزیون و مهارت­های ارتباطی تبیین شد. ازآن­جایی که مهارت­های ارتباطی و سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی در حد متوسطی می­باشد، لذا با توجه به نتایج، پیشنهاد می­شود که سازمان­های مرتبط با سلامت اجتماعی زنان روستایی از قبیل؛ پایگاه­های­سلامت اجتماعی سازمان بهزیستی، سازمان ﻣﻠﻲ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ، ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧﺖ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ و یا مروجان روستایی به عنوان مددکار اجتماعی، با مشارکت زنان روستایی محتوای آموزشی ارتقای سلامت اجتماعی را تدوین کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
882 - تأثیر مؤلفه های سرمایۀ اجتماعی بر کیفیت زندگی زنان روستایی در شهرستان زابل، ایران
ولی اله سارانیامروزه بهبود کیفیت زندگی یکی از اهداف اصلی اکثر برنامه­های توسعه­ای در سراسر جهان است؛ به­گونه­ای که این مفهوم به یکی از موضوعات و مسائل مهم در پژوهش­های جامعه­شناسان و حتی روان­شناسان تبدیل شده است. در این راستا، سرمایۀ اجتماعی که در برگیرند Moreامروزه بهبود کیفیت زندگی یکی از اهداف اصلی اکثر برنامه­های توسعه­ای در سراسر جهان است؛ به­گونه­ای که این مفهوم به یکی از موضوعات و مسائل مهم در پژوهش­های جامعه­شناسان و حتی روان­شناسان تبدیل شده است. در این راستا، سرمایۀ اجتماعی که در برگیرندۀ جنبه­های اجتماعی نظیر اعتماد، هنجارها و الزامات در رابطۀ میان اعضای گروه­ها و شبکه­های اجتماعی است می­تواند سبب افزایش سلامت روان و دسترسی به اطلاعات سلامت شود و در نتیجه بر کیفیت زندگی مردم تأثیر می­گذارد. بر این اساس، مطالعۀ حاضر با هدف واکاوی تأثیر مؤلفه­های سرمایۀ اجتماعی بر کیفیت زندگی زنان روستایی در شهرستان زابل انجام شد. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش شامل کلیۀ زنان روستایی (15 تا 64 ساله) در بخش مرکزی شهرستان زابل بودند (N=9234). با استفاده از جدول نمونه­گیری بارتلت و همکاران (2001) حجم نمونه به تعداد 209 نفر تعیین شد که با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری تصادفی خوشه­ای چند مرحله­ای برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی گردآوری داده­ها در این پژوهش پرسشنامه­ای بود که روایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن با محاسبۀ ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS نسخۀ 23 انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه به شیوۀ توام نشان داد که مؤلفه­های سرمایۀ اجتماعی پیش­بینی­کننده­های اصلی کیفیت زندگی زنان روستایی در شهرستان زابل بودند. یافته­های این مطالعه دستاوردهای مناسبی برای سیاست­گذاران و برنامه­ریزان توسعه روستایی به­منظور بهبود کیفیت زندگی زنان روستایی در فرآیند توسعۀ روستایی به همراه دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
883 - عوامل موثر بر خودکارآمدی زنان روستایی شهرستان ملارد
ندا شریفی مریم امیدی مریم محمودیهدف اصلی این تحقیق توصیفی-همبستگی بررسی عوامل موثر بر خودکارایی زنان روستایی در شهرستان ملارد ایران می­باشد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل ۲۳۶۳۶ نفر از زنان روستایی شهرستان ملارد می­باشد که از میان آنان ۶۱۳ نفر با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه­ای انتخاب شدند Moreهدف اصلی این تحقیق توصیفی-همبستگی بررسی عوامل موثر بر خودکارایی زنان روستایی در شهرستان ملارد ایران می­باشد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل ۲۳۶۳۶ نفر از زنان روستایی شهرستان ملارد می­باشد که از میان آنان ۶۱۳ نفر با روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه­ای انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع آوری تحقیق، پرسشنامه­ای ساختارمند بود که روایی آن براساس نظر متخصصان و پایایی آن از طریق آزمون آلفای کرونباخ تایید گردید. تحلیل داده­ها از طریق نرم­افزار SPSS انجام شد. نتایج تحقیق بر اساس ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که بین عوامل ترویجی-آموزشی، شرکت در فعالیت­های تصمیم­گیری خانوار، عوامل اجتماعی، پویایی فضایی، عوامل اقتصادی، عوامل مرتبط با عزت نفس و ظرفیت سازگاری با شوک­ها و استرس­ها با خودکارآمدی زنان روستایی ارتباط مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که رابطه منفی و معناداری بین سن و خودکارآمدی زنان روستایی وجود دارد. تحلیل رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد که عامل اقتصادی (R2 = 0.437)، عامل آموزشی و ترویجی (R2 = 0.507)عزت نفس (R2 = 0.539)و عوامل اجتماعی (R2 = 0.545) مهم­ترین متغیرها در پیشگویی متغیر وابسته (خودکارآمدی زنان روستایی) بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
884 - شایستگی های کارآفرینانه ی مدیران در تعاونیهای زنان روستایی همدان
رضا موحدی سارا جلیلیانپژوهش حاضر با هدف تحیل شایستگیهای کارآفرینانهی مدیران تعاونیهای زنان استان همدان انجام شده است. روش انجام تحقیق به صورت پیمایشی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه انجام پذیرفت. گردآوری داده­ها با تکمیل پرسشنامه­ها توسط 105 نفر از مدیران تعاونی­ها به عنو Moreپژوهش حاضر با هدف تحیل شایستگیهای کارآفرینانهی مدیران تعاونیهای زنان استان همدان انجام شده است. روش انجام تحقیق به صورت پیمایشی و با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه انجام پذیرفت. گردآوری داده­ها با تکمیل پرسشنامه­ها توسط 105 نفر از مدیران تعاونی­ها به عنوان نمونه­های تحقیق صورت گرفت. روایی پرسشنامه بر اساس نظر کارشناسان و متخصصان امر بررسی و تایید گردید و پایایی نیز با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 94/0= α محاسبه و مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. شایستگی­های کارآفرینانه مدیران تعاونی­های مورد مطالعه در هشت عامل قرار گرفتند. این عوامل عبارت بودند از "داشتن اهداف راهبردی"، "توانایی نظارت و سازماندهی افراد"، "ریسکپذیری"، "توانایی ایجاد انگیزه و اعتماد در افراد"، "برخورداری از نگرش مثبت و انتقادپذیر"، "توانایی شناسایی و درک نیاز مشتریان"، "مهارت در روابط عمومی و کسب و بکارگیری مهارت و انرژی". به منظور بررسی برازش مدل اندازه­گیری مربوط به سازه شایستگی­های کارآفرینانه مدیران تعاونی­های مورد مطالعه، از مدل معادلات­ساختاری با نرمافزار LISREL8.8 استفاده شد. نتایج مدل نشان دهنده برازش مناسب برای هشت سازه ذکر شده در بالا بود. همچنین سه نوع شاخص برازش مدل شامل شاخص نیکویی برازش (85/0PNFI= و90/0CFI=)، شاخص تطبیقی (99/0NNFI= ، 94/0 NFI=) و شاخصهای برازش مقتصد (027/0 = RMSEA و 078/1 = ) برازش عالی و مناسب مدل اندازه­گیری شایستگیهای کارآفرینانهی مدیران تعاونیهای زنان را با داده­های مشاهده شده تأیید نمودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
885 - مسیرهای مصرف اعتبارات خرد و توانمندسازی اقتصادی زنان وام گیرنده ؛ شواهدی از ایران
مرضیه فراشی مهدی رحیمیان سعید غلامرضاییارتباط بین توانمند سازی زنان و اعتبارات خرد در بسیاری از کشورها از جمله ایران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. اما مطالعات کمی تأثیر مسیر مصرف مالی خرد در توانمندسازی زنان را بررسی کرده اند. بنابراین ، هدف از این مطالعه پاسخ به این سوال مهم است که مسیر مصرف اعتبار خرد چه تاثی Moreارتباط بین توانمند سازی زنان و اعتبارات خرد در بسیاری از کشورها از جمله ایران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. اما مطالعات کمی تأثیر مسیر مصرف مالی خرد در توانمندسازی زنان را بررسی کرده اند. بنابراین ، هدف از این مطالعه پاسخ به این سوال مهم است که مسیر مصرف اعتبار خرد چه تاثیری در توانمندسازی زنان دارد. در این تحقیق 13 مصرف اعتبار توسط زنان مشخص شد. این مسیرها را می توان به سه مسیر کلی تقسیم کرد: (1) راه اندازی یک شغل خرد (2) سرمایه گذاری وام بصورت غیرمستقیم با امکان بازگشت وام (3) مصرف وام بدون امکان بازگشت. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل 800 نفر از زنان در شهرستان نهاوند بود که از اعتبارات خرد استفاده کردهاند. حجم نمونه بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان 260 نفر تعیین و نمونهگیری به صورت طبقهای با انتساب متناسب انجام شد. پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه، به ‏ترتیب با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (بیش‏تر از 7/0) و روش اعتبار محتوایی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‏ها با نرم ‏افزار SPSS20 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که زنان در مسیر اول از دو گروه دیگر توانمندی بیشتری دارند. مصرف وام در مسیر سوم، اگرچه زنان را بیشتر از مسیر سوم توانمند خواهد کرد اما نتایج مقایسه میانگین، میانگین توانمندی اقتصادی گروه دوم و سوم تفاوت معناداری با هم ندارند. بنابراین ضروری است که موسسات پرداخت کننده اعتبارات خرد با بررسی اساسی قوانین پرداخت این گونه اعتبارات، کنترل بیشتری بر نحوه استفاده زنان از اعتبار خود اعمال کنند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
886 - Extent of Rural Women’s Participation in Agricultural Activities
Muhammad Luqman Ejaz Ashraf Muhammad Zakaria Yousuf Hussan Tahir Munir Butt Naveed IftikharRural women in Pakistan, under a small holding system of farming, play a pivotal role in farming. They actively participate in a range of activities related to crop production and livestock management. Rural women remain busy from dawn to dusk in various agricultural ac MoreRural women in Pakistan, under a small holding system of farming, play a pivotal role in farming. They actively participate in a range of activities related to crop production and livestock management. Rural women remain busy from dawn to dusk in various agricultural activities, including pre-harvest, post-harvest and livestock management. Their participation is well dispersed but less perceived because of insufficient data to show their active involvement in various agricultural activities. Keeping these points in mind, this study was designed to explore the extent of women’s participation in various agricultural activities in district Bahawalpur (Southern Punjab, Pakistan). A total of 125 rural women were selected through multistage random sampling technique and interviewed with a well-designed, pre-tested interview schedule, and the data was analyzed using SPSS. The results of the data analysis revealed that rural women’s participation level was at the top (M=2.87 and SD=0.42) in picking of cotton while their participation level was found low (M=1.78 and SD=0.88) in broadcasting of seed/fertilizer among different crop production and management related activities. While on the other hand their extent of participation was found at the top (M=2.90 and SD=0.30) in cleaning of animal’s sheds and found low (M=2.02 and SD=0.83) in calf rearing among different livestock production and management which were being performed by rural women. Regarding daily time given by rural women to perform various crop production, livestock production and household activities majority of rural women they devote>than 8 hours in a day to perform these activities as reported by 27.2%, 32.8% and 76.8% of the respondents, respectively. It is recommended that national commission should be established to recognize and documented the participation of rural women at various national and international forums. It is also recommended that women training wing should be established at national level under the supervision of district administration to train rural women in different areas of crop and livestock production so that they can contribute in a better way in the national economy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
887 - Effective Factors on Women Role in Sustainable Development (Case Study: Marvdasht Rural Areas in Iran)
Seyed Nematollah MousaviThis paper aims to study the role of women in agricultural promotion and its effect on rural development. Research method in this study was based on a survey and the required information was collected through questionnaire from a sample of women especially rural women. MoreThis paper aims to study the role of women in agricultural promotion and its effect on rural development. Research method in this study was based on a survey and the required information was collected through questionnaire from a sample of women especially rural women. The data were analyzed using Logit model. The results showed that women had a major role in farming including producion, conservation, and destructing. The results also showed that women had a great tendency for participating in extension classes to improve their knowledge for sustainable development. Considering the results, it was necessary to provide the life facilities and necessities, awareness women especially rural women with group media and organizing the promotional and educational classes for reaching the sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
888 - Obstacles of Women Presence in Iranian Rural Management: A Case from Osku County
Mohammad Shokati Amghani Hesamedin Gholami Nematollah Shiri Hossein Shabanali FamiThe presence of women in social and managerial fields is one the indicator of social justice and development that leads to optimum use of capabilities and potentials of half of the country's rural population. In the recent years, establishing public institution of Dehya MoreThe presence of women in social and managerial fields is one the indicator of social justice and development that leads to optimum use of capabilities and potentials of half of the country's rural population. In the recent years, establishing public institution of Dehyary by the Ministry of Interior have provided new opportunity for women presence in rural management. This study aimed to identify women’s participation obstacles in rural management in Iran, specifically in Dehyary. The statistical population of this study was 15-64 year – old females which were resident in rural areas of Oskou County. Applying a proportional random sampling and Cochran formula, 347 women were chosen to be surveyed as sample. A questionnaire was used for data collection, which its face validity was approved by a panel of experts and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (a=0.84). The results revealed that, negative attitudes and believes in rural community is the most important obstacle for women to participate in rural management. Furthermore, factor analysis categorized obstacles for women participation in six factors including cultural, personal, supportive, job-related, religious and Economic constrains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
889 - عوامل موثر بر توسعه و تقویت تشکل های زنان روستایی در ایران
رضا موحدی مسعود سامیان احمد یعقوبی فرانی خلیل میرزاییبا توجه به اهمیت موضوع مشارکت زنان و بهره­گیری از توانایی آنها، ضروری است تا برنامه­ریزی جهت­دار و هدفمندی در این زمینه صورت پذیرد. بدون تردید برنامه­ریزی در جهت توسعه و گسترش تشکل­های خاص زنان روستایی می­توان گامی مفید و موثر در جهت افزایش حضور Moreبا توجه به اهمیت موضوع مشارکت زنان و بهره­گیری از توانایی آنها، ضروری است تا برنامه­ریزی جهت­دار و هدفمندی در این زمینه صورت پذیرد. بدون تردید برنامه­ریزی در جهت توسعه و گسترش تشکل­های خاص زنان روستایی می­توان گامی مفید و موثر در جهت افزایش حضور و مشارکت زنان در صحنه­های مختلف و بهبود جایگاه و حقوق زنان باشد. در حال حاضر تشکل­های زنان روستایی به لحاظ اقتصادی و اجتماعی دارای اشکال مختلف است. عمده­­ترین آنها تعاونی­ها، صندوق­های اعتبارات خرد، گروه­های خودیار محلی و شبکه تولیدکنندگان خانگی می‏باشد. در این مطالعه سعی شده است تا با استفاده از پژوهش آمیخته و ترکیب روش­های کمی و کیفی شامل تحلیل و تفسیر کیفی نظرات مسئولین و صاحب نظران توسعه روستایی و با به کار گیری پرسشنامه و روش مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند از درون داده های مختلف به اکتشاف راهکارها و راه حل های جدید در زمینه توسعه تشکل های زنان روستایی دست یافت و همچنین با انجام آزمون تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی این تحقیق به دنبال تایید راهکارهای اکتشافی در بخش کیفی بوده است. روش تحلیل داده­های حاصل از مصاحبه تحلیل محتوا از نوع تلخیصی بوده است. نتایج نشان داد که جهت توسعه و تقویت تشکل های زنان روستایی علاوه بر اعمال حمایت های قانونی و مالی، خانوادگی، مدیریتی، آموزشی و فرهنگی، راهکارهای مختلفی از جمله فرهنگ­سازی و بسترسازی، اجرای برنامه­های توانمندسازی زنان، اجرای مستمر برنامه­های مشاوره­ای و آموزشی، تشویق و معرفی تشکل­های موفق زنان لازم هستند. همچنین، نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که سه عامل اقتصادی، اجتمای – فرهنگی و آموزشی و ترویجی توانایی تبیین چیزی حدود 60 درصد از عوامل موثر بر توسعه و تقویت تشکل­های زنان روستایی را دارا می باشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
890 - Fighting Hunger Together: A Case of Women Farmers’ Participation in Women Groups in Mwala Division, Kenya
Rebecca Njoki Karaya Christopher Assa Onyango David Mulama AmudaviFood security remains a major challenge for most rural households in Kenya especially those in arid and semi arid areas. Women play a crucial role as primary food producers and custodians of household food security. They however face many constraints in their endeavor t MoreFood security remains a major challenge for most rural households in Kenya especially those in arid and semi arid areas. Women play a crucial role as primary food producers and custodians of household food security. They however face many constraints in their endeavor to secure food for their households. Women, lack access to extension education, land and credit and these challenges are exacerbated by effects of climatic variability, especially drought. In response to the difficulties facing them, women in Mwala have formed organizations (women groups) as safety-nets to help them face these challenges collectively rather than as individuals. This study research was designed to investigate how women's participation in the groups influences them to overcome constraints related to their household food security. The study used a cross sectional survey design. A sample of 156 respondents was selected through simple random sampling, with 94 women farmers being group members and 62 non group members. Ten key informants were purposively sampled from group leaders of the most active women groups influenced in agricultural activities to participate in a focus group discussion. The data was analysed using SPSS package version 17 and presented using frequencies, percentages, multiple regression, and Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient. The study revealed that household food security is significantly and positively influenced by participation of women farmers in women groups (F=9.980, p<0.001), that the level of intensity of participation in group activities did not significantly influence household food security (x2=.112) and that linking with outside agencies was positively and significantly correlated to group performance measured in terms of benefits availed to the members through their groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
891 - Perceptions of Constraints Affecting Adoption of Women-in-Agriculture Programme Technologies in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
A. Akpabio Iniobong A. Etim Nsikak Abasi Sunday OkonThe study focused on constraints affecting the adoption of innovative agricultural technologies disseminated by the Women-in-Agriculture (WIA) unit of the Akwa Ibom Agricultural Development Programme (AKADEP) to its women clientele. The study also ascertained the awaren MoreThe study focused on constraints affecting the adoption of innovative agricultural technologies disseminated by the Women-in-Agriculture (WIA) unit of the Akwa Ibom Agricultural Development Programme (AKADEP) to its women clientele. The study also ascertained the awareness and adoption levels of such introduced technologies. Findings revealed that respondents were aware of 61.9% of introduced technologies, while only 33.3% were fully adopted. The study also identified seven factors responsible for the non-adoption of women farmers’ related technologies. The three highest ranking constraining factors were revealed as; high cost of inputs, low income level of women farmers and lack of regular contact with WIA extension agents. Reasons have been proffered for the relatively low technologies’ adoption levels. Recommendations have also been made to enhance the technology adoption level. These include the necessity to introduce only socio- economically and culturally compatible technologies to WIA clientele, a wholesale focus on follow-up activities after initial group based technology introduction activities, and the attachment of a credit scheme to the WIA program. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
892 - Designing a Women's Entrepreneurship Model Based on Home-Based Businesses Using Grounded theory
hamid taboli mahboobeh askari bagher abadi Raana NamazianAbstract Background and purpose: entrepreneurship is a tool to recognize the opportunities that can be used to reduce the problems of a society and the contribution of women in this field has an upward trend. The purpose of this research is to design a model of women's MoreAbstract Background and purpose: entrepreneurship is a tool to recognize the opportunities that can be used to reduce the problems of a society and the contribution of women in this field has an upward trend. The purpose of this research is to design a model of women's entrepreneurship based on home jobs. Research method: The current research was a qualitative study and was conducted with the Foundation's data method. There were 19 participants in this research who were selected by purposive sampling method. The data collection method was semi-structured interview and the data were analyzed in three stages. The validity of the data was done using the verifiability method by the participants. Findings: Based on the findings, the central category of the model is structural, process, behavioral and developmental factors. pattern strategies including defensive, offensive, revision/adaptation, contingency and diversity; And the background conditions include husbandry, ecology and family environment. Causal conditions have personality-related categories such as cognitive, motivational, and behavioral factors; And factors related to business include customers, market, goods and work. Cultural, political, and economic conditions were determined as interfering categories and model consequences at the (individual, group, and social) level. Conclusion: The importance of women's entrepreneurship is because success in this field not only causes economic profit, but also creates social and cultural benefits in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
893 - The relationship between the attitude towards death and the meaning of life in the women's society of Shiraz (a comparative study based on the views of Islamic philosophers and humanist and existential psychology)
zakiyeh fattahi shirin sasani soode dashtianeThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the attitude to death and the meaning of life in women from the perspective of Islamic philosophers and humanistic and existential psychology. The current research was a descriptive, survey, co MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the attitude to death and the meaning of life in women from the perspective of Islamic philosophers and humanistic and existential psychology. The current research was a descriptive, survey, correlational and fundamental study. By using the available sampling method and Morgan's table, 250 questionnaires were distributed among women from different strata of the city.in order to determine correlation and predictability Pearson's correlation test and multivariate regression test was respectively. It was found that there is a significant relationship between the presence of meaning and neutral, active and avoidance acceptance. Also, there is a meaningful relationship between searching for meaning and neutral and active acceptance. In general, there is a significant relationship between the presence of meaning and the acceptance of meaning, as well as the meaning of life and the attitude towards death. From the perspective of both schools of Islamic philosophers and psychology, there is a connection between the meaning of life and the attitude towards death, and no matter how much people search for a purpose and meaning for their worldly life, their attitude towards death and the life after it will be different and positive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
894 - Drawing the semantic network of concepts related to women in the Holy Quran
Hamideh Aliakbari Fahimeh Babalhavaeji moluk hoseini beheshti zahra abazariObjective: The aim of this study is to identify the verbal and implicit meanings of concepts related to women (based on the interpretations of Al-Mizan and Nemooneh) to draw a semantic network. Methodology: This study is applied in terms of purpose and a hybrid quantita MoreObjective: The aim of this study is to identify the verbal and implicit meanings of concepts related to women (based on the interpretations of Al-Mizan and Nemooneh) to draw a semantic network. Methodology: This study is applied in terms of purpose and a hybrid quantitative and qualitative content analysis in terms of methodology. The qualitative method uses qualitative content analysis and the Delphi approach. The present study’s population included all the verses of the Holy Quran and 21 experts in Quranic studies and women and family studies for the qualitative section. MAXQDA, SPSS 20 and Protégé 5.5.0 software were used for data analysis. Results: The total number of categories related to women to be equal in both Tafsir al-Mizan and Nemooneh (10 categories), while Tafsir Nemooneh had a larger number of subcategories (237) than Tafsir al-Mizan (215). In both interpretations, the categories of core are the same and common, and the category of "issues and characteristics related to women" with a frequency of 64 is verbal (30.33% of the total verbal verses extracted) and 393 times implicitly (18.60% of all implicit verses extracted), has the highest frequency. After identifying all the terms of related to women from the interpretations of Al-Mizan and Nemooneh, the categories as class (10 classes) and subcategories as subclass (237 subclasses), the semantic network was drawn. After identifying all the terms related to women from the interpretations of Al-Mizan and Sample, the categories as class (10 classes) and subcategories as subclass (237 subclasses), to draw the semantic network. Conclusion: The total number of categories extracted in the field of women is equal in both interpretations, but the number of sub-categories in the Nemooneh is more than the Al-Mizan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
895 - An investigation into factors hindering of Iranian women’s research productivity in ISI
Alireza Isfandyari-Moghaddam Mohammad HasanzadehObjective: This article aims to study factors into factors hindering of Iranian women’s research productivity in ISI. Methodology: To do this, at first, women who have already had published documents indexed in ISI were identified through Web of Science (WoS). The MoreObjective: This article aims to study factors into factors hindering of Iranian women’s research productivity in ISI. Methodology: To do this, at first, women who have already had published documents indexed in ISI were identified through Web of Science (WoS). Then, for collecting their view regarding factors hindering women’s research productivity, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. To analyze the collected data, the statistical software SPSS (version 17) was used. Both descriptive (Percentage and Frequency) and inferential (ANOVA) statistics were employed to reach valid findings. Findings: The most inhibitory factors affecting negatively publishing scholarly articles by Iranian women are ‘Shortcomings in the existing laws’, ‘Stereotypes and beliefs concerning women’, ‘Family work’Social and cultural contingencies’, ‘Child care’, and ‘Low collaboration with male colleagues. Conclusion: Regarding Patriarchal culture in the society and scientific society, and women's ruminating due to home management, these two factors has caused the women scientific production would be low.At the end, for empowerment of women and moderating inhibitory factors, some suggestions are offered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
896 - The Effect of Women's Publications on Promoting the Position of Women in Qajar Period
Fatemeh Mahboob علی اصغر داودی Hamid Saeedi Javadi -
Open Access Article
897 - The Issue of Woman in Ghasem Amin’s Political Thought
Morteza Bahrani -
Open Access Article
898 - A Critical Review on the Reproduction of Dominance and Gender Discrimination Relations in the Textbooks of Iran's Educational System
ShakibaSadat Hashemian Saeed Gazerani AliAsghar Davoudi -
Open Access Article
899 - Investigating the role of empowering the components of education and supporting women's freedom of action on the development of social security (Case study of Baluch women in Sistan and Baluchestan province)
Mahnour Raeisi Malektaj Khosravi The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of empowering the two components of education and supporting the freedom of action of Baluch women on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The present research has been done by descriptive surve More The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of empowering the two components of education and supporting the freedom of action of Baluch women on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The present research has been done by descriptive survey method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire and the statistical population of the present study consisted of 380 women in the province. After collecting data and analyzing the data, it was found that empowerment of Baloch women has an impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province and it can be said that about 83% of changes in dependent variable, social security is expressed by independent variable, empowerment of Baloch women. . It was also found that the support of Baluch women has an impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province and the rate of this impact was set at about 76%. And the awareness and education of Baloch women has a positive effect on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province. The rate of this effect was about 72%. Freedom of action for Baluch women has an impact on social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province, which was about 80%. The results show that empowering Baloch women by increasing their education and awareness and developing their freedom of action in various social participations, will ensure social security in Sistan and Baluchestan province. Some components in the value and cultural system of the Baloch people can act positively in empowering Baloch women instead of being an obstacle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
900 - Presenting a model of the role of mass media on the sports culture of women athletes in the national futsal league
Alireza zand gholamreza faraji mohamde molaesmaelieThe purpose of this study was to present a model between the role of mass media and the sports culture of women athletes in the Futsal League. The research method is structural correlation equations, based on the present, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of coll MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model between the role of mass media and the sports culture of women athletes in the Futsal League. The research method is structural correlation equations, based on the present, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of collecting field information. The statistical population of this study included all women athletes in the national futsal league, . A total of 198 athletes participated in the Women's Futsal League. To select the research samples, 125 people were randomly selected based on Morgan's random table, 120 questionable questionnaires were completed and returned. The measurement tools of this study were two questionnaires: the role of mass media, 25 questions by Hamidpour and Shetab Bushehri (2015) and women's sports culture, 19 questions by Darabi, Gaini and Momivand (2009). The results of structural equations showed that the effect of the role of mass media on women's sports culture (t = 2.296 and = 0.488) is positive and significant. Therefore, the role of mass media has an impact on the sports culture of women athletes in the country's futsal league. Also, in terms of importance, the role of mass media with a value of 0.695 and in terms of performance with a value of 76.134 has shown its role on women's sports culture. Therefore, the Futsal Federation should try to pay attention to the role of mass media in the Women's Futsal League and use the culture of women's sports in sports media. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
901 - Personal Motivations to pass along Electronic Messages for Others (Viral Marketing)
Mohsen Moradi Zahra Alipour DarvishDespite the increasing popularity of viral marketing, the key factors influencing the new marketing strategy remains unknown. This paper examines one of the critical factors, Companies contacts motivations to pass along electronic message. The study of the theoretical b MoreDespite the increasing popularity of viral marketing, the key factors influencing the new marketing strategy remains unknown. This paper examines one of the critical factors, Companies contacts motivations to pass along electronic message. The study of the theoretical background and field marketing, Research on the potential factors: 1.need to be part of a group. 2. need to be different. 3. altruism. 4. the need for personal growth on a number of electronic messages for others to investigate. We also investigate if high trait curiosity can indirectly lead to more forwarding by increasing the amount of electronic message consumed. Results of the study on a sample of over 300 Islamic Azad University students was conducted, show that Companies contacts, who are more individualistic and/or more altruistic, tend to forward electronic message than others Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
902 - حضور زنان در دو داستان پرندهء من از فریبا وفی و من اورا دوست داشتم از آناگاوالدا
Alireza Salehi Mahdieh Fadaeنویسندگان زن در آثار خود با به کارگیری تکنیک ها و مولفه های فرمی یکسان، اغلب به طرح اندیشه ها و مسائل مربوط به زنان و جایگاه و حضور آنان در زندگی و جامعه می پردازند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسائل مشترک شخصیت اصلی زن در دو داستان «پرندهء من » از فریبا وفی و &laq Moreنویسندگان زن در آثار خود با به کارگیری تکنیک ها و مولفه های فرمی یکسان، اغلب به طرح اندیشه ها و مسائل مربوط به زنان و جایگاه و حضور آنان در زندگی و جامعه می پردازند. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی مسائل مشترک شخصیت اصلی زن در دو داستان «پرندهء من » از فریبا وفی و «من او را دوست داشتم » از آناگاوالدا نویسنده معاصر فرانسوی است. در این پژوهش نگاه هر دو نویسنده به عشق، خانواده و جایگاه زنان در جامعه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. با توجه به اینکه این دو نویسنده از دو اجتماع متفاوت با فرهنگ و موقعیت جغرافیایی مختلف هستند اما پیام و درون مایه هر دو نویسنده ظلم به زن و تنهایی زنان و بی وفایی مردان است. زنان این داستان ها به دنبال کشف هویت فردی مستقل خود هستند و با وجود وابستگی عاطفی و اقتصادی که به همسران و خانواده خود دارند دچار خلا عاطفی شده و در نتیجه احساس تنهایی و خستگی روانی ناشی از نبود هویت و استقلال وجودشان را فراگرفته است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
903 - ساختارهای بومی روایت در رمان نیمه ی خورشید زرد اثر چیماماندا انگوزی آدیچی
نجمه قابلیمقاله ی حاضر به بررسی تاثیر و انعکاس فرهنگ بومی قوم ایبوی نیجریه بر زبان وسبک روایت رمان نیمه ی خورشید زرد اثر چیماماندا انگوزی آدیچی می پردازد ونشان می دهد که آدیچی با بهره بردن از ویژگیهای زبان بومی خود موفق به خلق گفتمانی ویژه شده است که در تقابل با گفتمان استعماری و Moreمقاله ی حاضر به بررسی تاثیر و انعکاس فرهنگ بومی قوم ایبوی نیجریه بر زبان وسبک روایت رمان نیمه ی خورشید زرد اثر چیماماندا انگوزی آدیچی می پردازد ونشان می دهد که آدیچی با بهره بردن از ویژگیهای زبان بومی خود موفق به خلق گفتمانی ویژه شده است که در تقابل با گفتمان استعماری و/ یا مرد سالار قرار دارد. به بیان گایاتری اسپیوک، "خشونت معرفت شناختی" گفتمان استعماری در درازای تاریخ صدای زنان فرودست را خاموش کرده ولی ادبیات پسااستعماری، ازجمله رمان مورد مطالعه در تحقیق حاضر فضایی فراهم می سازد تا این صداها از پس اعصار با به کار گیری استراتژیهای متنی مانند "بازگشت"، شنیده شوند. نظریه ی پسا استعماری اسپیوک مبنی بر "نا-آموزی" نظریه های ارپا محور و تمرکز برویژگیهای فرهنگی زنان جهان سوم چارچوب این مقاله را شکل داده است. فرهنگ و زبان ایبو دراین اثر آدیچی، به عنوان یک نویسنده ی زن نیجریه ای با ریشه ی ایبو، اهمیتی ساختاری داشته است. کارلا اف سی هالووی استراتژی متنی "بازگشت" در آثار زنان آفریقایی تبار را یکی از استراتژیهای مهمی می داند که برای بازیابی تاریخ گمشده ی زن آفریقایی و بازخوانی لوح نا خوانای این تاریخ به کار می رود. آدیچی در این رمان و با سبک روایت خود بر اهمیت فرهنگ اجدادی و بومی در شکل گیری تصویر زن ایبو از خویشتن و رسیدن به درکی کامل و مثبت از هویت خویش در جامعه ی خشونت زده ی نیجریه در هنگامه ی جنگ داخلی و کشمکشهای قومی تاکید دارد. بررسی رمان فوق الذکر گویای تاثیر عمیق فرهنگ شفاهی و زبان بومی ایبو در شکل گیری ساختارروایی این رمان است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
904 - A comparative study of the position of women in Islam and other Abrahamic religions
Nafiseh NavidIslam's view on women and her status is very different from other Abrahamic religions. Although divine religions, all originate from the source of revelation, But the existing difference is due to the distortions that have occurred in their teachings and scriptures thro MoreIslam's view on women and her status is very different from other Abrahamic religions. Although divine religions, all originate from the source of revelation, But the existing difference is due to the distortions that have occurred in their teachings and scriptures throughout history. The distorted Jewish religion has a negative attitude towards women and he is a secondary existence and a human which must always be submissive and owned by a man And she is deprived of her economic and social rights. The distorted religion of Christianity also considers the creation of woman to be according to man and for him. A woman is an imperfect creature and serves a man And she considers her a deceiver and a seducer You should always be safe from his evil and it does not deserve many human rights. Islam attaches great value to women. The Quran considers the creation of man and woman as independent and the essence of humanity as one and he considers women as worthy of benefiting from all human rights and she places her in the ranks of men in reaching the stage of perfection and closeness to God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
905 - Analytical study of the views of Fadl al-Rahman in the book The main themes of the Qur'an
fatemah alaqebandi Mehrdad AbbasiThe main themes of the Qur'an are one of the most important works of Fadl al-Rahman in resolving the conflict between Islam and the modern world. In this work, he reminds us that if our understanding of the Qur'an is based on the main spirit of the Qur'an, namely Qur'an MoreThe main themes of the Qur'an are one of the most important works of Fadl al-Rahman in resolving the conflict between Islam and the modern world. In this work, he reminds us that if our understanding of the Qur'an is based on the main spirit of the Qur'an, namely Qur'anic ethics, we will receive a single and coherent message and meaning of the Qur'an. This book can be considered as a coherent report on the contents of the Qur'an with a new perspective and in this respect it is an important and valuable book. In this book, after an introduction in expressing his views on the method of interpretation of traditional commentators and referring to the views of Westerners about the Qur'an, Fazl-ur-Rehman examines the important themes of the Qur'an in eight chapters. The present study seeks to answer the question that what are the most important contents and theories of Fadl al-Rahman in the book of the main themes of the Qur'an and how it is analyzed? In order to answer this question, the achievements of this research are examined through descriptive-analytical in four sections: 1- Belief opinions 2- Social-legal opinions 3- Ethical opinionsalDefinitions of al-Prefix1variant spelling of ad- assimilated before -l (as in alleviate, allocate ).Suffix1(forming adjectives) relating to; of the kind of.1the chemical element aluminum.Abbreviation1Alabama (in official postal use).3 more definitions Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
906 - Love with Roozbehan, Baqli and Ibn Arabi; With emphasis on the status of women
Zahra Kushki Insha' Allah Rahmati Abstract"Love" as a challenging category has been the concern of many Muslim mystics, including Roozbehan and Ibn Arabi. In addition, this word has always been associated with the female sex as a mistress. This connection seems stronger in the opinions o More Abstract"Love" as a challenging category has been the concern of many Muslim mystics, including Roozbehan and Ibn Arabi. In addition, this word has always been associated with the female sex as a mistress. This connection seems stronger in the opinions of the two mystics than the others. The importance of the issue of love from the point of view of Roozbehan and Ibn Arabi, emphasizing the role of women, is due to the fact that both mystics had innovative and somewhat different views on love and women from other Sufi elders. This is what makes this issue "controversial" and readable. In this regard, the authors, through phenomenological studies, have explored the circumstances and views of these two characters about women and chaste human love. How these two mystics interpret love and its types, as well as the status of women in their minds, are questions that have been tried to be answered. After studying the opinions of Sheikh Shatah and Sheikh Akbar, it has been concluded that for all of them, virtual love is not just a training ground or a ladder and a path to true love, but chaste human love is a radius of the spark of divine love and along and in line with It is counted. Moreover, both mystics believe that understanding the eternal beauty of God and tasting the love of God, only by paying attention to the "manifestations" of that eternal truth in the forms of creatures, especially the highest of them, namely man, especially woman, with All aspects of his existence, including physicality and spirituality, are possible. It is in this direction that woman and chaste human love find a special place in the life and thought of these two in comparison with the opinions of other great Sufis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
907 - The women's resistance movement in Karbala is one of the factors that perpetuates the Ashura movement
Narjes Nasr AllahiThere were great women throughout Islam who, through their actions, preserved and spread Islam and preserved the tradition of the Prophet (PBUH); Among these women are women who play a role in perpetuating the Karbala incident and can be role models for other Muslim wom MoreThere were great women throughout Islam who, through their actions, preserved and spread Islam and preserved the tradition of the Prophet (PBUH); Among these women are women who play a role in perpetuating the Karbala incident and can be role models for other Muslim women. The Ashura uprising and the women's resistance movement on Ashura brought about a great revolution in keeping the religion of Islam alive. With the resistance movement, knowledge and piety, raising mujahid and pious children, raising the family and being on the scene of Karbala with their husbands, children and brothers, these women made a significant contribution to the perpetuation of the Karbala uprising. She is considered as a role model and guide for other Muslim women and girls in the Islamic society. The presence of women and children accompanying Imam Hussein (AS) who, according to their history, were the purest Muslim women who bravely took the stage of Ashura in the struggle against truth and falsehood, enduring many calamities and sufferings, captivity, stating the reason for Imam Hussein (AS) uprising They picked it up and stood up. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
908 - Comparison of women's rights in Islam and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
Masumeh Akhlaq Pasand Maryam Ibn Turab Sayyed Husayn SadjadiThe drafting of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women is one of the results of Western studies on the issue of women. The main tool of the drafters of the Convention is the elimination of discrimination in order to eradicate the MoreThe drafting of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women is one of the results of Western studies on the issue of women. The main tool of the drafters of the Convention is the elimination of discrimination in order to eradicate the existing traditional gender stereotypes and to deny the differences between men and women and thus to create equal rights. In this case, the provisions of this convention are not in full compliance with Islamic law, and this has caused challenges in various social, legal and cultural fields. The purpose of this study is to compare the rights arising from the articles of the Convention and Islamic law, in order to provide an appropriate response to address the challenges in this field. Based on descriptive analytical studies, it was concluded that in addition to the common human and male commonalities, the two are inherently and evolutionarily different from each other, so it is natural from a social point of view and in the field. The regulation of legal rules should not be expected to be similar to them. In many of its rules and laws, Islamic law complies with the provisions of the Convention. The right to life, the right to liberty, human dignity, the right to employment and political rights such as the right to participate in elections, social rights, the right to education and health are some of the issues that have long been considered in Islam. But in some cases, men and women have different rights and rules based on the characteristics of creation and the responsibilities based on it. Therefore, equality in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, contrary to Islamic law, is not based on justice and nature, and this is a form of discrimination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
909 - Athena and Buran-Dokht: A Comparative Study between War Goddesses of Odyssey and Darab Nama
Golrokhsādāt Ghani Mostafā Gorji Abolghāsem Esmāeilpour Fāteme KoupāResearch in mythology, by comparing the literature and culture of nations, leads to discovery of universal symbols. By studying the literary texts of the Indo-European nations, it can be seen that their myths, legends and epics reflect a common worldview. One of the imp MoreResearch in mythology, by comparing the literature and culture of nations, leads to discovery of universal symbols. By studying the literary texts of the Indo-European nations, it can be seen that their myths, legends and epics reflect a common worldview. One of the important themes in these texts is the place of women and their special characteristics in mythological beliefs and rituals. The present article seeks to compare the role of women in the two epics of Odyssey and Darab Nama of Tarsusi with a mythological perspective and a comparative approach. Accordingly, the prominent functions of the main female characters in these two works and their similarities are considered. After mentioning the characteristics and functions of Athena, the Greek goddess of wisdom and war, and Buran-Dokht, the wonder heroine of Darab Nama, the authors try to show that Buran-Dokht is a latter-day recreation of Iranian goddess, Anahita who has a similar position to Athena. This kind of similarity in the epics of the two different cultures shows the common origins of the mythological characters in the literature of nations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
910 - The Role of Woman in Narratives of the Story of Chelgis: A Study Based on Mythological Themes
Sakine Morādi Mohammadhosain karamiThe story of Chelgis is one of the most famous and well-known stories in folk literature. In the various narratives of the story, there are common elements such as the description of the character of Chelgis with repetitive characteristics, the theme of the hero's battl MoreThe story of Chelgis is one of the most famous and well-known stories in folk literature. In the various narratives of the story, there are common elements such as the description of the character of Chelgis with repetitive characteristics, the theme of the hero's battle with the dragon, and the waterless and famine-stricken lands that give a symbolic and mythological aspect to the story. Using analytical-descriptive method, the purpose of this study is to identify the role and position of women in society in various narratives of the story of Chelgis mentioned in Iranian Legends and Fairy Tales Encyclopedia according to the mythic deep-structure of the story. Considering the history of matriarchy and worship of goddesses in Iran, the results of the research show that the character of Chelgis can be an embodiment of the goddess Anahita, the goddess of water, in Iranian beliefs and myths. Also, the companionship of mythological themes related to the actions of the main male and female characters in the continuous structure of the story indicates the emphasis on male actions and power, the delegation of female tasks to men, the passivity of female characters and the fixation of women's role as obedient spouses. On this basis, the story of Chelgis depicts the decline of matriarchal beliefs and the formation of patriarchal societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
911 - A study on the Gnostic Thoughts of Abulala Maa'ry and Sadegh Hedayat
Hamidreza Ardestani RostamiIn history, the life of some thinkers are different from the other people. This difference comes from their personality complexities which by its turn have given rise to many different perspectives about them given by many people.The consequence is that, knowing these t MoreIn history, the life of some thinkers are different from the other people. This difference comes from their personality complexities which by its turn have given rise to many different perspectives about them given by many people.The consequence is that, knowing these thinkers truly is not an easy task. In the field of Persian literature, one of these great men is the contemporary writer, Sadegh Hedayat, whose problems, wanders, and doubts are visible in his stories. Fairly similar to Hedayat in Arabic literature is Abulala Maa'ry since the same complexities can be seen in his thoughts. One of the reasons of these complexities in these two writers cab be attributed to the impact of Gnositic doctrine that is a mixture of Jewish, Egyptian, Babelian, Greek, Syrian, and Iranian philosophical and religious creeds. This research tries to clarify some of these mutual believes like avoiding women, abstaining eating meat and inclining to vegetarianism, believing in ascetic life, interweaving body and soul to evil, originated from the Gnostic ideas as Manichaeism, Mazdakism and Marcionism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
912 - An Analytic Mythological study of The Archetype of Matriarchy and the Functions of Anahita and Sepandarmaz
Rezā Sattārī Soghol khosraviNative people of Iran, before Aryans, had a matriarchal culture. They used to worship the Great Goddesses. After inhabiting in Iran, Aryans adopted the belief in goddesses. After the advent of Zoroastrianism, belief in goddesses were rejected, but latter this belief rea MoreNative people of Iran, before Aryans, had a matriarchal culture. They used to worship the Great Goddesses. After inhabiting in Iran, Aryans adopted the belief in goddesses. After the advent of Zoroastrianism, belief in goddesses were rejected, but latter this belief reappeared once again in Mazdaism. After studying matriarchy in ancient Iran, in this article we try to study functions of two important and famous goddesses, Anahita and Sepandarmaz, in ancient culture of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
913 - Woman in Shāhnāmeh and Iliad and Odyssey: A Comparative Study
حجت عباسی حسینعلی قبادی Ferdowsi is accused of being anti-women. Likewise, similar attitudes and trends are detected in ancient Greek. By considering Persian and Greek myths, and based on a comparative study, the present article attempts to study the role of woman in Shahnāmeh and Ili More Ferdowsi is accused of being anti-women. Likewise, similar attitudes and trends are detected in ancient Greek. By considering Persian and Greek myths, and based on a comparative study, the present article attempts to study the role of woman in Shahnāmeh and Iliad and Odyssey. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
914 - Archetype of Motherland in the Poems of Hāfez
parisa habibiIn the present article, attempts are made to trace the changed manifestations of archetype of motherland in the poems of Hāfez. After disintegration of personality of this powerful female archetype, in the beginning it continues to live as goddess, then it is transferre MoreIn the present article, attempts are made to trace the changed manifestations of archetype of motherland in the poems of Hāfez. After disintegration of personality of this powerful female archetype, in the beginning it continues to live as goddess, then it is transferred to unconscious, and finally it appears in the mind and language of man through art. The present article tries to answer these questions: may it be said that Hāfez belongs to that group of genius poets the historical and geographical gaps could not prevent from appearing archetypes in his poems? Furthermore, regarding to the mythical backgrounds of matriarchy in Iran, how does the archetype of motherland has continued to live in the collective unconscious of Iranians? We believe that the poems of Hāfez are the context in which the concept of motherland manifests and finds expression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
915 - Myth and Psychology of Women: Negative Approach of Heroines and Goddesses
nasrin saeidi narges mohamadi badrMyth, as subjective truth of the primal man, is reflective of his/her ideals and desires and has shown itself in different forms up till now. Myths have an idealistic aspect which makes the hero appear not as a normal but as a powerful entity and god. Every woman has an MoreMyth, as subjective truth of the primal man, is reflective of his/her ideals and desires and has shown itself in different forms up till now. Myths have an idealistic aspect which makes the hero appear not as a normal but as a powerful entity and god. Every woman has an archetype of a goddess in her inside that guides her morality and character, which is the symbol of her ideals. By employing descriptive-analytical and library methods and considering the myths of matriarchy, the present article tries to show the archetypes that are effective on the behavior of heroines. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
916 - Connection of Love and Epic in Shāhnāmeh and the Story of Koroghlu: A Comparative Study
Ateke Rasmi Sakineh Rasmi Epic stories reflect feelings and way of thinking of men in the passage of time. Though epic and lyric have different languages,yet love is a common theme in them. In Shāhnāmeh and the story of Koroghlu it can be seen the epic and lyrical themes have a very close More Epic stories reflect feelings and way of thinking of men in the passage of time. Though epic and lyric have different languages,yet love is a common theme in them. In Shāhnāmeh and the story of Koroghlu it can be seen the epic and lyrical themes have a very close connection with each other. The stories of ‘Zāl and Rūdāba’, ‘Tahmineh and Rostam’ and ‘Bijan and Manijeh’ are from the best lyrical stories in Persian literature. In the epic of Koroghlu too, the subject of love, which is usually expressed by women, often comes in the middle or end of the story. The authors of article suppose that epics are drawn from life and epic, history, nationality, justice and spirituality that are the basic themes of Shāhnāmeh and the epic of Koroghlu. So in the present article, the origin of love, its features, characteristics of beloved, appearance of love and its consequences in these two epics are considered Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
917 - Construction and Validation of the Women's Psychological Well-Being Scale
Maryam Kadkhodaee Parviz Azadfallah Hojatolah Farahani This study aimed to construct and validate the Women's Psychological Well-being Scale. The statistical population included women aged 20 to 35 years old in Tehran. After formulating the questionnaires and examining the face and content validity of the items and f More This study aimed to construct and validate the Women's Psychological Well-being Scale. The statistical population included women aged 20 to 35 years old in Tehran. After formulating the questionnaires and examining the face and content validity of the items and factors, the data were collected from a sample of 500 women. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis of 74 items showed seven factors: comfort and security in relationships, growth, purposefulness,competency, control and mastery, caring oneself, and autonomy. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.92. Also the Composite Reliability coefficient was 0.96. The test re-test reliability coefficient was 0.87 and the convergent validity of the test with the Ryff Psychological well-being Scale (RSPWB) was 0.82. This is the first scale of women's psychological well-being that has been built and validated based on Iranian culture. It provides a reliable tool to highlight the different aspects of psychological well-being in women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
918 - A Qualitative Analysis of Psychological Well-Being of Women with Regard to Iranian Cultural Structure
Maryam PhD Candidate Tarbiat Modares University Kadkhodaee Parviz Azadfallah Hojatolah Farahani,T he aim of the present study was to review the psychological well-being of Iranian women in dept. Based on a qualitative study, 16 women aged between 20 and 35 years participated in a deep clinical interview. Four interviews with experts and four MoreT he aim of the present study was to review the psychological well-being of Iranian women in dept. Based on a qualitative study, 16 women aged between 20 and 35 years participated in a deep clinical interview. Four interviews with experts and four sessions of focus groups were conducted. After open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, and meeting trustworthiness criteria, the raw data were categorized. The results indicated that the psychological well-being of Iranian women consisted of seven categories: comfort and security in relationships, growth, purposefulness, competence, control and mastery, caring oneself, and autonomy. These findings suggest that some categories are consistent with classical psychological well-being models and some are specific to Iranian women. The findings have been discussed with reference to Iranian cultural foundation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
919 - Efficacy of Maternal Fetal Attachment Techniques on Enhancing Mother's Attachment to the Fetus
Saed Sajjadi Anari Kianoush Zahrakar Farshad Mohsenzadeh Mojgan Karamnia Mohsen Shokoohi Yekta Soraya Alavinezhad The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of Prenatal Attachment Techniques training on mothers' attachment to the fetus. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women who were referred to the Sarem Ho More The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of Prenatal Attachment Techniques training on mothers' attachment to the fetus. The sample consisted of 30 pregnant women who were referred to the Sarem Hospital in Tehran, Iran between April and May, 2014. Among the inclusion criteria was a gestational age of 6-9 months. Thirty participants were randomly assigned to either experimental or control group. The study design was a pretest-posttest control group. Data were collected using the Cranley Mother-Fetus Attachment Scale (1981). The experimental group receivedthe attachment skills in eight one hour sessions once a week. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance. The results indicated that prenatal attachment education program increased mother attachment to the fetus. Given the effectiveness of learning prenatal fetal attachment techniques on attachment of pregnant mothers to their fetuses, educating these techniques may lay the ground for improvement of maternal attachment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
920 - social support,basic psychological needs and psychological well-being:examining a causal model in employed women
Morteza Moradi Razieh Sheikholeslami Mozhdeh Ahmadzadeh Azam Cheraghithis study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of social support on psychological well-being at work among employed women. The sample consisted of 360 employed women from Shiraz University. The participants completed the Social Support Scale (Vaux et al., 1 Morethis study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of social support on psychological well-being at work among employed women. The sample consisted of 360 employed women from Shiraz University. The participants completed the Social Support Scale (Vaux et al., 1986), the Satisfying Basic Psychological Needs Scale at work (LaGuardia et al., 2000), and the Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff& Keys, 1995). The results of path analysis indicated that the social support had direct and indirect effects, through satisfying the need for relatedness and need for competence , on the psychological well-being. There was no significant difference between single and married employed women in psychological well-being, satisfying basic psychological needs and social support. These findings emphasize the role of employment and social interactions on well-being of women in work environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
921 - Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training on Quality of Life Among Women With Anxiety
Masoud Karimifarhis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion regulation training based on Gross model on quality of life among women with anxiety. The study design was pretest-posttest control group. Twenty six females who had the inclusion criteria of the study were sel Morehis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion regulation training based on Gross model on quality of life among women with anxiety. The study design was pretest-posttest control group. Twenty six females who had the inclusion criteria of the study were selected from 13th district of Tehran, Iran by cluster sampling. The participants randomly assigned into either the experimental (n=13) or control group (n=13). The experimental group received emotion regulation training for 8 sessions (75 minutes a session). Both groups completed the WHOQOL-BREF at pretest, posttest, and three month follow up. The result indicated that the scores of quality of life significantly increased in experimental group compared with the control group. The effects of training on the variables maintained after three months. Since emotions play important role in promoting quality of life at individual, family and social level sand in developing awareness of cognitive processes, a program that regulates emotion and strengthen adjustment strategies can improve person’s ability in different domains of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
922 - Investigating the rule of masculinity over women from the perspective of biological differences
batool doust mohamadi ali rafiee moghadam mohamad akbari3 jurisprudential rules The authority of men over women is based on verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa ', which is the source of many rules and regulations in jurisprudence and law, especially in family law and male-female relations. Male domination over women in our system, in More3 jurisprudential rules The authority of men over women is based on verse 34 of Surah An-Nisa ', which is the source of many rules and regulations in jurisprudence and law, especially in family law and male-female relations. Male domination over women in our system, in cases such as the wife's obedience to her husband; Determining the location; The right of a man to oppose a woman's job; Citizenship; Husband's guardianship has affected children and many other cases. There have been different and sometimes conflicting interpretations of this verse. Some commentators in the interpretation of the verse "By the grace of God, some of them are Ali" some have mentioned more than ten cases in proving the superiority of men over women: Alimony and household expenses, and finally the divine decree. Some believe; The best interpretation of the above verse, according to the context of the verses before and after and even the beginning and the end of the verse, is related to the relations between men and women in the family. Others, by generalizing causes such as rational powers, have extended the ruling of the verse to society and believe in the guardianship of men over women. . However, there is strong scientific evidence that strongly denies the biological difference between men and women in sexual matters; But assuming the acceptance of the theory that in the real world, in the nature of human beings, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
923 - The approach of Iranian law to accepting and acceding to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
fatemeh asybar saleh yamerli majid safavi علی اکبر esmaeileRegarding the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it should be said that they are also derived from Islamic jurisprudence. Article 4 of the constitution stipulates that all civil, partial, financial, and economic laws and regulations must be in accordance with Islamic MoreRegarding the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it should be said that they are also derived from Islamic jurisprudence. Article 4 of the constitution stipulates that all civil, partial, financial, and economic laws and regulations must be in accordance with Islamic principles. Therefore, in order to accept any new law (even in the form of accepting international treaties), those new laws must be presented in accordance with Islamic standards and set aside in case of conflict with the rules of Islamic jurisprudence. (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women) is an international treaty to which the United Nations has strongly insisted on the accession of states. If states accede to the convention, their domestic laws will be overshadowed and governments will commit to change their laws. Since women do not enjoy a status commensurate with their dignity in the world, as well as in Islamic countries, as well as in the Islamic Republic of Iran, correcting the status of women requires a written charter in which the desired status is outlined. In this study, considering the generalities presented, we examine the effects and dimensions of Iran's accession to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and describe the issue in a descriptive-analytical manner using library studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
924 - The Security Council's approach to the rule of law in the field of human rights, with an emphasis on the rights of women and children
Hossein Malekshahi Farid Azadbakht هنگامه ghBackground and Aim: The Security Council is essentially a specific or status-oriented pillar under the Charter, in other words, the member states have asked that pillar to respond to a particular situation or dispute.However, in the aftermath of the Cold War, the Counci MoreBackground and Aim: The Security Council is essentially a specific or status-oriented pillar under the Charter, in other words, the member states have asked that pillar to respond to a particular situation or dispute.However, in the aftermath of the Cold War, the Council occasionally issued resolutions aimed not at resolving disputes between two or more members or in a situation that endangered international peace and security, but at preventing threats to peace or diplomacy. Peace building is preventive. In fact, these resolutions have a specific audience, such as women and children. Method: The present article tries to explain the mentioned resolutions in a descriptive-analytical way.Findings and Results: Determining that these resolutions do not seek to resolve an issue related to a particular situation, but rather to resolve an issue and problem that is spreading in the international community and its repetition or increase in number can lead to peace and security. Be internationally influential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
925 - Challenges and obstacles of criminalization and punishment of crimes that violate humanitarian rights
seyed milad javaheri abbs shekholeslami jafar kushaField and Aims: Humanitarian law is a set of international customary rules that govern the behavior of hostile forces in armed conflicts and has somehow replaced the concept of the law of war. Observance of humanitarian rights regardless of color, race, language and rel MoreField and Aims: Humanitarian law is a set of international customary rules that govern the behavior of hostile forces in armed conflicts and has somehow replaced the concept of the law of war. Observance of humanitarian rights regardless of color, race, language and religion, on the one hand, makes this branch of law have the nature of human rights And on the other hand, by concluding various conventions, it will have the nature of international law. The aim of the current research is to investigate the challenges and obstacles of criminalization and punishment of crimes that violate humanitarian rights in the territory of Iran's criminal system.Method: The present research was done with descriptive and analytical method and using library resources.Finding and Conclusion: The findings of the research indicate that in the process of legal unification of domestic and international systems, some challenges in the field of criminalization of crimes that violate humanitarian rights and criminal responses in external and internal dimensions and in legislative axes. , judicial and executive available. The challenges are mainly rooted in political, fundamental, ideological, legal and structural dimensions that sometimes conflict with each other and make the process of integrating international rules into the domestic legal system difficult. Statistics of crimes and compilation of humanitarian criminal laws, compilation of special laws to protect women and children during peace and war and compilation of appropriate and fair criminal responses by using dynamic inference in Shia jurisprudence, together with considering the rule of sanctity and rejection of religion and Also, reforming the judicial structures is one of the basic solutions to overcome the challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
926 - Victimization of women in the national and transnational realm with emphasis on criminological theories
Mahdiyeh Vejdani fakhr Shahrdad Darabi Ali Najafi TavanaField and Aims: From the second half of the twentieth century, criminologists changed their views on crime and considered crime as something beyond the offender, and in this regard, the victim was also considered. The purpose of this study is to explain the victimizatio MoreField and Aims: From the second half of the twentieth century, criminologists changed their views on crime and considered crime as something beyond the offender, and in this regard, the victim was also considered. The purpose of this study is to explain the victimization of women with emphasis on criminological and victimological theories. And theories of rational choice, routin activities and lifestyle are known as theories of crime opportunities, and the theory of victim precipitation is defined as the victimilogical theory. In this article, these theories are used as the most important basis for victimization of women.Method: The present research was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method.Finding and Conclusion: According to the theory of victim precipitation, the victim has a role in the process of committing criminal behavior, and according to this role, the victim deserves blame, and the victim's actions, such as age, gender, are the primary characteristics that can make her a target for crime. her position in situations that make it difficult for her to make optimal decision.. But regardless of their role as provocateurs or facilitators or lifestyles, women deserve differential support because of their vulnerability characteristics. And opportunity theories, in addition to acknowledging that crime opportunities can belong to different domains, claim that opportunity factors interact in different domains. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
927 - Feminist Critique in Eight Short Persian Stories
Pantea NabianThe author analyzed eight short Persian stories written by men writers on the basis of Josephine Donovan's Feminist theory to show the position and role of the women in these stories. Four stories were chosen among the works of Sadiq Hedayat and the other four stories w MoreThe author analyzed eight short Persian stories written by men writers on the basis of Josephine Donovan's Feminist theory to show the position and role of the women in these stories. Four stories were chosen among the works of Sadiq Hedayat and the other four stories were selected among the works of Al-ahmad. The author wants to illustrate that men as writers show women in cliche roles as objects, tools and dependent creatures not as a complete, independent women, in the world of males also investigates that there was not any humanitarian or supportive stance to display women, In the patriarchal world of these writers. Conclusions showed that both of the writers as influential Iranian writers in their cultural-social and traditional structures of their stories gave stereotypical roles to women and passive human-beings, playing secondary roles to satisfy patriarchal needs and requirements, and finally they passively give up in men’s world. Both of the theory and practice of the author were fully satisfied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
928 - Examining and comparing the element of "time" from the point of view of Gerald Prince and Gerard Genet in two stories by Haruki Murakami (Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman) and (Shinagawa Monkey)
maryam zahedinfard fatemeh tavakoli rostamiOne of the important issues in structuralism theory is the relation between time, narrative and how time of expression is narrated. One of the ways that makes this abstract thing Concrete is narrative action. According to structuralists analysis, time is one of the main MoreOne of the important issues in structuralism theory is the relation between time, narrative and how time of expression is narrated. One of the ways that makes this abstract thing Concrete is narrative action. According to structuralists analysis, time is one of the main components of the advancement of any narrative, which, along with causality, propagates the story line. Gerald (Prince), (1942) (Gerald Genet) (1930-2018) two structuralist theorist, in relation to time in the narration, express the views of that we compare these two perspectives and consider them in two short stories (willow blind- woman sleeping) (Shinagawa Monkey) from Haruki Murakami. Finally, we conclude that Gerald Genet has eliminated the Prince’s perspective of one of the most complex concepts of the narrative, namely, the problem of time with a simpler pattern( time interval) and (narration time); the discussion( the speed of the narrative) in Prince’s view is defined by two separate concepts( continuity) and( frequency). In addition, Genet by considering the views of the other theorists about time, its function, and its types in narration, Genet adjusts other theories of the theologians and proposes a more comprehensive definition. The present study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical study using library resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
929 - Analysis the status and role of women in sustainability literature with emphasizing to “Dakhil e Eshgh”
Shahrzad Feizi Nikjeh Mahmood BashiriOne of the important events in the history of our country, especially after the islamic revolution is the war issue. Besides the influence of political, social and economic problems, has been affected to literature especially fiction. Novelists have used the war as a g MoreOne of the important events in the history of our country, especially after the islamic revolution is the war issue. Besides the influence of political, social and economic problems, has been affected to literature especially fiction. Novelists have used the war as a great treasure to address the subject of fiction. Because a novel tells conditions of people during the history by description of historical events. One of the subjects which the novelists notied is condition of warriors and their families. Among the characters in these stories women characters is striking. During the war between Iran and Iraq and after that the women in the family have an important position in the consolidation. If most of them did not fight with men, they kept safe their home and family from events harm in men’s absence, they reintegrate warriors necessities or help injureds in hospitals. This paper analyzes the foundations of the family and the role of women in strengthening and maintaining these institutions, with emphasis on the book called "Dakhil e Eshg". The women in this story are in place of mother, wife, dauter and nurse. Some of them think about their personal life regardless to the country. But most of them have a strong, strong-willed and dedicated Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
930 - Explanation and analysis of women's writing in Simin Daneshvar's Savushun novel Based on the feminist stylistics of Sara Mills
saeide khojastepour mohammadAli Gozashti Abdolhosein farzad"Feminist stylistics" is one of the social-cultural approaches of stylistic knowledge, which "Sara Mills" presents as a model in this field, and this method is the best way to investigate and analyze the issue of feminism and its effectiveness in literary texts by using More"Feminist stylistics" is one of the social-cultural approaches of stylistic knowledge, which "Sara Mills" presents as a model in this field, and this method is the best way to investigate and analyze the issue of feminism and its effectiveness in literary texts by using their dimensions and linguistic aspects. Knows. In this article, using this model, we answer the question of what are the characteristics of women's writing and how does it appear in the novel in question. Mills believes that female writers use various linguistic components in the structure and content of their works with the influence of their feminine characteristics, emotions and gender views, and therefore, in the analysis of their works, attention should be paid to three levels of analysis based on words, sentences and discourse. Therefore, with this view and using the model proposed by Sara Mills and the opinions of experts in this field, Simin Daneshvar's novel "Savushun" was selected and analyzed. This research was carried out in the field of practical stylistics and with the descriptive-library method and analyzes based on it based on the components of Sara Mills' model and with the aim of finding the characteristics of women's writing in the selected work. The findings of the research with the characteristics of women's writing in the mentioned novel are as follows: At the level of vocabulary: the multiple use of feminine expressions in Farsi, words belonging to women's domain, the use of color words, the multitude of female characters; At the level of sentences: the use of simple news, descriptive, short, emotional, and detailed sentences. The use of meta-linguistic signs of three dots and a dash, low frequency emotional aspect, question sentences in the form of Soliloquy. On the discourse level: third person (omniscient) external point of view, main character: Yusuf and Zari, narrative text, author narrator, polite and friendly tone, theme with feminist ideas. The time and place of the story of the first Pahlavi period, Shiraz and its villages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
931 - Review Problems and concerns of women in works "ChraghHa ra man khamosh mikonam” and "adat mikonim" of Zoya Pirzad
Zahra Azimi Jamal’Al- ddin MortazaviIranian women activity in infancy is a new motion. But they could show their social, cultural, emotional and political perturbations in their work (novels and stories). The aim of This study is inquiry women's issues such as patriarchy, alone and Helpless, be encircled MoreIranian women activity in infancy is a new motion. But they could show their social, cultural, emotional and political perturbations in their work (novels and stories). The aim of This study is inquiry women's issues such as patriarchy, alone and Helpless, be encircled at home, humiliation, silence and peace, become routine, the Identification and constraints of marriage and causes of these problems in their life in the novel " ChraghHa ra man khamosh mikonam and " adat mikonim "of Zoya Pirzad. This research led to the fact that women Pirzad works in personal and social life, with issues They are dealing with these issues is significant.Some adopted a passive mode and with patience in the face of difficulties switched bow liks women that arezo meet them in the bus and some admirable determination and perseverance in seeking to resolving the problems of individual and social life like arezo in"adat mikonim" and mis norollahi in"ChraghHa ra man khamosh mikonam”. The main result of this study is that social and cultural issues, traditional and patriarchal society attitude towards women Despise is the major cause of problems in lifes Pirzad womens stories. These women are often weak and dependent on men, and if they believe things just to get things done within the limitations. only reaction stories women (exsept few cases) to the lifs problems and obstacles, is silence and silence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
932 - Identifying the motives of electronic recommendation advertising in social media and improving the organization's financial approach
Rosha Makvandi Hossein Safarzadeh Hassan Esmaeilpour Mansoureh AligholiAbstract as social media has expanded ,Electronic word of mouth has gained prominence in marketing programs and strategies., in addition to increasing popularity on social media, This subject has made Electronic word of mouth enhance marketing communi MoreAbstract as social media has expanded ,Electronic word of mouth has gained prominence in marketing programs and strategies., in addition to increasing popularity on social media, This subject has made Electronic word of mouth enhance marketing communications and target market success as an undeniable part of various business activities. Efficient and effective use of such an opportunity entails identifying the motivations of Electronic word of mouth in social media, and the present study has pursued such an objective. The present study deals with qualitative paradigm and qualitative content analysis method. Therefore, the qualitative data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with professors, experts, consumers in Tehran through targeted sampling and snowballing. A total of 25 people were interviewed. The analysis of qualitative data collected by sign coding method identified 33 concepts that were classified into 7 general categories: Financial incentive, emotional, ambitious, functional, social, altruistic, and pleasure motivation. The validity of the research results was evaluated through peer review, paired survey and participatory research. Reliability was also tested using test-retest reliability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
933 - Comparative comparison of women's convention with women's human rights in Iran's domestic laws
masoumeh ramezani tahere ebrahimifar Ardeshir SanaeiThe current research aims to investigate the approach of the Women's Convention as well as Iran's domestic laws to the issue of women's human rights, by using a qualitative method based on collecting information from library sources (documents) and the analytical-descri MoreThe current research aims to investigate the approach of the Women's Convention as well as Iran's domestic laws to the issue of women's human rights, by using a qualitative method based on collecting information from library sources (documents) and the analytical-descriptive method, and aims to answer the question that the Women's Convention and Also, what is the approach of Iran's domestic laws to women's human rights and how have the examples of these rights appeared in the aforementioned legal sources? The findings of this study indicate that legal conflicts in the fields of citizenship, women's residence and housing, family rights, cultural rights, right to employment, right to inheritance, political rights (right to be elected), legal capacity, equality before the law and so on.It can be seen between Iran's laws and the provisions of the Women's Convention, which is mainly due to differences in interpretations and the existence of some legal ambiguities; These conflicts have caused the Islamic Republic of Iran not to join the United Nations Convention on Women, and this non-adherence has fueled claims that this country is a "violator of women's rights"; However, the claim raised has not had a significant legal basis and influence in international forums and courts, but what is trying to make this claim appear more legal are political bases and factors such as the influence of the West against Iran, a political and selective approach to the category. Human rights in Iran are anti-Islamism and the West's stubbornness towards Iran, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
934 - Fundamentals and legal-political solutions to the accusation of violating conventions International by the Islamic Republic of Iran
masoumeh ramezani Tahereh Abrahamifar Ardeshir SanaeiThe present study with the application of qualitative method based on collection of data from library sources (documents)and analytical - descriptive method are about to answer the question of which the accusations made by the west that " violates" the human rights conv MoreThe present study with the application of qualitative method based on collection of data from library sources (documents)and analytical - descriptive method are about to answer the question of which the accusations made by the west that " violates" the human rights conventions of the Islamic Republic of Iran are based on? The hypothesis of this study is that these accusations are based on dual principles including legal and political principles; The findings of the study, proving the hypothesis, indicate that these allegations are based on legal grounds (Including, non-acceptance and accession to some human rights conventions due to legal conflicts between Iranian law and conventions, differences in interpretations, as well as the existence of some legal ambiguities, etc.) and There are also political bases (including the political and selective approach to human rights in Iran, the security of human rights and international relations, anti-Islamism and the West's stubbornness with Iran). According to the above-mentioned dual principles, accession to the Convention on Human Rights, revision of some amendments to Iran's legal laws, use of the jurisprudence-legal capacities of Islam, as well as the use of the right to bet, appeal to international courts and the realization of the right are among the solutions. Legal and aggressive treatment of allegations, participation in international forums and the issuance of statements, and the increasing supervision of government officials over the functioning of the state body are among the proposed political solutions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
935 - Reviewing Saudi Interactions with the Human Rights Council
Abbasali Talebi Reza Jalali Amir SajediAbstract Following the establishment of the Human Rights Council in March 2006, the human rights situation in Saudi Arabia has been considered by many in this institution. Given the widespread, qualified and sensitive nature of the Council's abuses of human rights abus MoreAbstract Following the establishment of the Human Rights Council in March 2006, the human rights situation in Saudi Arabia has been considered by many in this institution. Given the widespread, qualified and sensitive nature of the Council's abuses of human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia, the question was raised about the mechanisms of monitoring and mechanisms How did the council work on how Al Saud behaved toward respect for women's rights within national borders and how far Saudi Arabia has been in line with the idea of universal human rights and what has changed? In response to the above question, it has been suggested that it seems that the monitoring mechanisms and executive mechanisms of the Saudi Human Rights Council have required reforms and compliance with human rights requirements. Research findings show firstly that country recommendations Regarding periodic reports and appointment of special reporters, there has been a greater impact on the promotion of the status of women's rights, and secondly, the traditional context in which the ideas and ideas of people and community officials were conceived and seriously violated the rights of women is under reconstruction. Thirdly, the women's efforts and their alignment with the pressures of the Human Rights Council and the media it has been the founder of a new order, which is characterized by a change in the gender system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
936 - The Empowerment of Women in Making Political Decisions in National and International Decision Makings Structure
Mohammadali Khosravi Hossein Daheshyar Safinaz sadat AbtahiAbstract One of the essential indices of sustainable development and empowerment is the participation of women in the process of decision making in national and international levels. Political participation in national and international policy-making is a crucially imp MoreAbstract One of the essential indices of sustainable development and empowerment is the participation of women in the process of decision making in national and international levels. Political participation in national and international policy-making is a crucially important issue in women empowerment. Therefore, this research aims to find an answer for the main question of how women can play a decisive role in national and international decision-making structure and take the management of changes in social, political, and cultural patterns using empowerment solutions such as political participation. The participation of women will be analyzed from two aspects, utilization of society from their works and satisfaction of their participation in the building of country. The hypothesis states that the empowerment of women in political participation such as making political decisions in national and international levels can enhance and facilitate policy-making. According to the data of this research, women empowerment in political participation can enhance the national and international decision-making structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
937 - Political Participation of Afghanistan Women in the New Structure of Power in Post 11 September Event
Mojtaba Maghsudi Sahere GhallehdarAbstract After 11 September of 2001, it was considered a new political system in Afghanistan which paid attention to the issue of women political participation. With creating a democratic system in Afghanistan, efforts to increase social and political participation of MoreAbstract After 11 September of 2001, it was considered a new political system in Afghanistan which paid attention to the issue of women political participation. With creating a democratic system in Afghanistan, efforts to increase social and political participation of women in this country increased. It Seems to Provide the context for women political participation in Afghanistan we see them active in political and social Life. Issue of Political Participation of women in Afghanistan after the September Eleven is new issue that has received less attention of Scholars. Perhaps one reason for this issue is several problems such as war, insecurity or thinks Anti-women in Afghanistan Society. This article aims to answer this question that the new political system in Afghanistan with regard to traditional culture in this country how could was successful in improving the political participation of women in this country? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
938 - Defense discourse of the Islamic Revolution with emphasis on women's participation in defense affairs
Meisam Belbasi Seyed Abolfazl Hosseini zadehWomen are always considered to be one of the most important and influential groups in Iranian society, and they have had a significant role and participation in Iran's political and social developments, especially in the constitutional movement, the victory of the Islam MoreWomen are always considered to be one of the most important and influential groups in Iranian society, and they have had a significant role and participation in Iran's political and social developments, especially in the constitutional movement, the victory of the Islamic Revolution, and the holy defense. . In this regard, the statements and thoughts of Imam Khomeini (RA) as a first-class Islamic jurist who has a correct understanding of the position of women in Islam, are of great importance in analyzing and better explaining the role and position of women in this field. has Therefore, the following article, by using the descriptive-analytical and documentary method (Imam Khomeini's statements), seeks to answer the question, what are the characteristics of the defense discourse of the Islamic Revolution, emphasizing the participation of women in defense affairs? The results of the research indicate that in the defense discourse of the Islamic Revolution based on the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA), women are one of the most important groups who play a very important role in the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the holy defense as much as men and even more than men. have had The most important roles that exist in the defense discourse of the Islamic Revolution in relation to the role and participation of women in the sacred defense are: the role of relief and treatment, support, the spirit of martyrdom, educational and emotional role, material and financial support, combat role - Operation, and women's sacrifice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
939 - Delivery a model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis
Sharam Alipour Sayyed Mahmoud Hashemi Mohsen Ameri SharabiThis study discussed the Design and delivery a Designing a Cultural model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative metho MoreThis study discussed the Design and delivery a Designing a Cultural model for home business development on the basis of neighborhood oriented approach in the in Tehran Metropolis This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as qualitative methods. After analyzing the data, 27 components of 621 concept codes were obtained and then classified at six dimensions including, home business, culture making of women job involvement, job culture enhancement, neighborhood identity enhancement , Neighborhood oriented approach in urban Management ,empowerment of women . In the second study, the sample size was estimated as 344 people based on Cochran formula and after data collection, the statistical analysis of survey data was performed in two descriptive levels using statistical parameters (such as frequency, percentage, elongation , mean) and inferential statistics (Levin test, t-test), confirmatory factor analysis using Spss 22 , Lisrel8.54 and Excel. Significant coefficients and parameters of factors, home business, culture making of women job involvement, job culture enhancement, neighborhood identity enhancement , Neighborhood oriented approach in urban Management ,empowerment of women.showed that all of the coefficients obtained are significant. The results of principal component analysis showed that among the dimensions of the home business development in Tehran, the empowerment of women has the greatest impact (0/89).and the job culture enhancement has the latest impact in the home business development in Tehran (0/67). and the respondents are not satisfied with all other components of questions and they express negative opinions and all components in the Cultural model for home business development in Tehran are enjoyed of high functionality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
940 - Designing a native model of Iranian women entrepreneurship development management In Tehran Municipality Women's Affairs
Salome zorieh jamshid edalatian Mehran Mokhtari LakolayeEntrepreneurship, as the most important weapon of economic development, has an important role in economic development and raising the level of capability of the country. The purpose of this study is to provide a model and strategy of effective factors in managing t MoreEntrepreneurship, as the most important weapon of economic development, has an important role in economic development and raising the level of capability of the country. The purpose of this study is to provide a model and strategy of effective factors in managing the development of women entrepreneurship in Iran. Because the main problem of underdeveloped countries in today's world is not the lack of financial and human capital Women in entrepreneurship should be considered as almost half of the effective human resources of the society. objective:In the present study, using the meta-combination technique, the findings of related internal and external studies were systematically examined by the seven-step method of Sandolowski and Barso. Out of 120 articles searched in this field, 70 selected articles based on which 22 factors affecting the management of women's entrepreneurial development were identified and extracted. Research Methods:The present study was conducted with the aim of providing an effective model for explaining the factors affecting the management of women entrepreneurship development in Iran. Research Methods. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection and survey group. Data analysis was performed qualitatively using content analysis and Delphi and MaxQuoda software and quantitatively by structural equation modeling measured using correlation and covariance, Demetel. The statistical population of the present study consists of 30 experts and professors in the qualitative section and in the quantitative section of senior human resources in the study area of Tehran Municipality and its affiliated organizations, which is equal to 196 people. Findings: The research findings showed that the main factors of personal/personality dimension, economic/financial, cultural/social, political/administrative and 22 sub-concepts affect the development of women entrepreneurship Conclusion: Based on the results of research, Individual characteristics can be considered as one of the most effective factors in the process of managing the development of women's entrepreneurship in Iran. It is suggested by compiling, implementing and supervising scientific programs for entrepreneurship development (up-to-date and effective) in any geographical location and living standard of the target community in Iran; By raising the level of knowledge, attitude, motivation and entrepreneurial leadership of women with effective and efficient government support, the individual / personality factor can be considered as the most powerful factor in managing the development of women entrepreneurship in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
941 - Effectiveness of skill training based on group hope therapy on difficulty in emotion regulation and self-compassion in depressed middle-aged married women
Lida Lilabadi Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabai Turan Nurani Qara TapeThe purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy-based skill training on the difficulty in regulating emotions and self-compassion in depressed middle-aged married women aged 35 to 50 years. Semi-experimental research method of pre-test a MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of group therapy-based skill training on the difficulty in regulating emotions and self-compassion in depressed middle-aged married women aged 35 to 50 years. Semi-experimental research method of pre-test and post-test type along with control group during a period of two months in 2019 among depressed women who referred to the health center of district 1 of Tehran. They were randomly selected. Hope therapy training adapted from Snyder's book (2002) was taught to the experimental group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Analysis of the findings using univariate covariance analysis showed that group training based on hope therapy increases self-compassion and reduces the difficulty in regulating emotions in the sample group. The results of the research indicate that women who have self-compassion and difficult skills in emotional regulation have more control over things, and the less psychological and emotional problems women have, the more satisfied they are with themselves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
942 - The Effect of Cultural Factors on Cost Stickiness
Sadegh Hamehkhani Ramazanali RoyaeiAbstractIn the accounting literature, attention has been paid to understanding how differences in national culture affect the outcomes and consequences of accounting and financial markets, so much of the research done in this area focuses on examining the impact of cult MoreAbstractIn the accounting literature, attention has been paid to understanding how differences in national culture affect the outcomes and consequences of accounting and financial markets, so much of the research done in this area focuses on examining the impact of culture on broad management and reporting decisions. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to study the objective evidence of the relationship between small cultures on the cost-stickiness phenomenon. The statistical population of the study was 104 companies listed on the stock exchange during a 6-year period from 2014 to 2020. The research methodology is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of its implementation, descriptive, survey and correlation type. Also, in order to analyze the data of the research using EVIEWS 9 and SPSS software, the results of hypothesis testing indicate that between the microcrops (masculinity / femininity, individualism / collectivism, power distance and avoidance of uncertainty) on the adhesion phenomenon Cost with a 99% confidence is significant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
943 - The effectiveness of positive psychology training on perceived and critical self-support in female-headed households
fatemeh torkashvand fatemehsadat zahedi Mahshid izadiThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology training on perceived social and self-critical support in female-headed households. Materials and Methods: The method of this study is quasi-experimental. There are 250 of them. The sa MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology training on perceived social and self-critical support in female-headed households. Materials and Methods: The method of this study is quasi-experimental. There are 250 of them. The sample of the present study includes 30 female-headed households who were selected voluntarily and available and were randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The training group was trained and after the sessions and 2 months after training both groups. They answered the questionnaires. Perceived social support questionnaires of Zimet et al. (1988) and Thompson and Zoroff (2004) self-critical levels scale were used to measure the variables. Results: The results show that positive psychology training on perceived social support. And self-criticism of female-headed households was effective (P <0.05). Discussion: From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that positive psychology education can reduce self-criticism and increase perceived social support in women. The result can increase the quality of life, life satisfaction and mental and psychological well-being in these people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
944 - The role of early maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience
Maryam Shabrang Moridani Mozhgan Abbasi Abrazgah hossein abbasi masoud shakeri mohadeseh mohamadpourThe aim of the present study was to investigate the role of primary maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience. This research was descriptive and correlational. The sta MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the role of primary maladaptive schemas, social support and perceived gender discrimination in predicting suicidal tendency in women with self-immolation experience. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this research included all married women aged 18 to 55 years with a history of self-immolation who referred to health centers in the city of Dohdasht in the second half of 2021, and 160 people were selected by purposive sampling. The research tools included Beck's Suicidal Thoughts Questionnaire (1961), Young Schema Short Form Questionnaire (1988), Zimmet et al.'s Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (1988), and Klonoff and Landrin's Gender Discrimination Events Questionnaire (1995). The data were analyzed using Piron's correlation and multiple regression simultaneously. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between initial maladaptive schemas, perceived gender discrimination and suicidal tendencies, and a negative and significant relationship between social support and suicidal tendencies (p<0.01). Also, the results have shown that initial maladaptive schemas, social support, and perceived gender discrimination predict 0.59 suicide tendency in women with self-immolation experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
945 - The study of women's awareness of their legal and social rights and social factors associated with it (study among married women city Meshkinshahr)
Zahra Abdollahi jalil haghiThis study aims to identify the women's awareness of their legal and social rights and social factors have been associated with it. To rely upon the theories as well as studies of topics of study hypothesis was developed that govern the relationships between predictor v MoreThis study aims to identify the women's awareness of their legal and social rights and social factors have been associated with it. To rely upon the theories as well as studies of topics of study hypothesis was developed that govern the relationships between predictor variables and criterion is. The study population included all married women Meshkinshahr city-based sample of 385 people, as the final sample is calculated. Using multi-stage cluster survey method and sampling, as well as stratified random sampling method, the sample selection and the required information was collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Spss Nrmafzaramary. Results show that the average level of knowledge of the legal and social rights of married women studied, is 44/80. Of the average, 30% of respondents had a low awareness, 44/7% and 25/2% average knowledge of a greater awareness of their legal and social rights. According to the results of the bivariate analysis, age, location, employment status, education, social participation, cultural capital, acceptance of gender stereotypes, the media and communicate with friends and their knowledge about legal and social rights have shown statistically significant. According to the results of the bivariate analysis, about legal and social rights have shown statistically significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
946 - The research of the manifestation of second demographic transition ( case study Tehran)
samira rostami Mohsen Ebrahim PourThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of demographic transition in Tehran, which is a functional, descriptive nature and the method of collecting data from the field. The study of 384 married women in Tehran is using simple random sampling. To evaluate relia MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of demographic transition in Tehran, which is a functional, descriptive nature and the method of collecting data from the field. The study of 384 married women in Tehran is using simple random sampling. To evaluate reliability, validity of methods used, and to assess its reliability using Cronbach's alpha values for all variables (both independent and interdependent) has been accepted. The results showed it is important that Signs of arrival in Second Demographic Transition with a high level of The desire to divorce and reduction in the compulsory marriage and Low levels of other variables because of the no change in the family structure in the country seems logical. It must be said in view of the rapid changes in society, the other aspects of the demographic transition, such as Increased sexual relationship outside of marriage and abortion, childless tend to be definitive and official statistics are not available, Is not far-fetched that it would need to continue research and statistics are unofficial observations. Therefore, it can be suggested with respect to this research, in Tehran, Researchers to investigate this phenomenon in other cities More detailed observations were recorded until a more clear vision of the country's population changes and The country's strategic planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
947 - The type of division labour and emotional management of employedwomen in family (case study: employedwomen of Zahedan province)
zeinab hashemibaghi فرح ترکمان bagher saroukhaniThe present study aims to identify the relationship between the division and management of women working in the family atmosphere in Zahedan City. In this research, we have tried to provide a model for explaining the division of labor and the management of the feelings MoreThe present study aims to identify the relationship between the division and management of women working in the family atmosphere in Zahedan City. In this research, we have tried to provide a model for explaining the division of labor and the management of the feelings of working women in the family. This model introduces a general idea that is: The relationship between the types of division of labor in the family through the management of the senses and well-being of women infamily. In order to test the empirical model of the model, after determining the dimensions and indices of each of the variables, the reliability and validity of the scales were evaluated. Also, the validity of each of the components of emotion management, division of labor and other scale was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Accordingly, Cronbach's alpha coefficient is calculated for division of labor (0.76) and emotional management (0.9044). The research data were collected by a survey method from a sample of 368 women working in the urine of Zahedan city using simple random sampling method. Selected. The results showed that there is a meaningful relationship between the division of labor and emotional management, the division of work and sex, physical and emotional work, emotional work in the family, and the life of the work, social security division, working hours, work satisfaction, support of family members, number of children, age. There is no meaningful relationship between division of work and sexuality, and emotional cognitive work and descriptive emotional work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
948 - Sociological Explanation of Women's addiction in Poor Neighborhoods in Arak (2017)
عباس خسروانی Reza Ali Mohseni Mohseni habib saborikhosroshahiThe purpose of this research is to identify and explain the sociological aspects of women's addiction in the suburbs of the city of Arak.For this purpose, five main components of the neighborhood, namely population density, population heterogeneity, inconsistency of goa MoreThe purpose of this research is to identify and explain the sociological aspects of women's addiction in the suburbs of the city of Arak.For this purpose, five main components of the neighborhood, namely population density, population heterogeneity, inconsistency of goals and facilities, relationship with perpetrators and the culture of poverty, and their impact on the addiction of women living in these neighborhoods have been examined.A sample of 374 people was selected through a simple random sampling method of 14,450 women living in 9 sub-urban areas of Arak.The study showed that addiction in the suburbs of the city of Arak has a high level, and 5 indicators of these neighborhoods have been highly and highly evaluated.The results of regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficient of the regression model and drug use variables were 0.970 and 0.941.The results of path analysis indicated that the effect of factors such as location density, population heterogeneity, inconsistency of facilities and goals, relationship with delinquents and poverty culture on women addiction is significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
949 - Armenian women's employment effect on family relationships in Tehran
Seyed Yagob Mousavi adineh adibAbstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Armenian women's work on their families in Tehran. The present research is based on the purpose of this study. The study was a cross-sectional and research-based method. The statistical population MoreAbstract The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Armenian women's work on their families in Tehran. The present research is based on the purpose of this study. The study was a cross-sectional and research-based method. The statistical population of this study was 120 women employed by married Armenians living in Tehran. Data were collected using a randomized snowball method. Data were collected using a questionnaire. . Its content was estimated by content validity method and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 73%. The results showed that there is a relationship between type of employment, income level and employment incentives with type of relationships, homework and power model. There is a positive relationship between financial motivation and doing housework, but with a kind of relationships and a weak relationship between empowerment, between social motivation and relationships, and a weakly correlated power pattern, but with negative family work, between personality motivation and relationship types Weak, but there is a negative relationship with doing household work, but there is a positive relationship with the pattern of power. The presence of statistics indicates that Armenian women working in family responsibilities are at the forefront of any incentive in their lives. Keywords: Employed women Armenians, relationships in the family, housework, pattern of power Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
950 - Compare the two generations of working women in Tehran attitude of towards the social factors affecting fertility
Zahra Hazrati someehThe study aimed to compare the attitudes of two generations of working women in Tehran has been done to the social factors affecting of fertility. The theoretical framework of this study based on the views of Leibenstion, Esterlin, Demont, Davis and Kaldwell.The method MoreThe study aimed to compare the attitudes of two generations of working women in Tehran has been done to the social factors affecting of fertility. The theoretical framework of this study based on the views of Leibenstion, Esterlin, Demont, Davis and Kaldwell.The method of this study is exploratory and descriptive survey research design is cross-sectional study and the technique of 'questionnaire and interview and observation "that has face validity and construct validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha of 82%) was used to collect data. The study population are 20-29 year old and 40-49 year-old women working in Tehran. The sample size is calculated using Cochran formula and 400, respectively. The sampling method, a combination of cluster sampling and simple random Finally, in the research hypothesis is the following consequences: The results of the correlation coefficient revealed Between social status, Environmental justice and social welfare And there is a female fertility. The regression was observed in the results: Social status 58%, Environmental justice 61% And social welfare have 76% Affect fertility. According to T-calculated Between the attitudes of two generations of women working in Tehran The relationship between social status and Environmental justice There fertility. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
951 - Sociological study of urban planning of women's reproduction with regard to its long-term development in Tehran
zahra azizabadifarahani@gmail.com sasan vadiea zahra hazratiUrban planning for women can be thought of as a proxy for individual planning reminding forgotten right and the silent voice of women in the city. Urban space planning for women draws its original idea from feminist ideas. in this regard, the present study aims to evalu MoreUrban planning for women can be thought of as a proxy for individual planning reminding forgotten right and the silent voice of women in the city. Urban space planning for women draws its original idea from feminist ideas. in this regard, the present study aims to evaluate urban planning with the approach of women to develop sustainable development pattern in tehran. the method of this research is descriptive - survey in terms of the research approach. statistical population in this study is all women in tehran city. The population estimate is about one hundred thousand people. in the sampling method, systematic random sampling of 384 women of tehran city was determined as a statistical sample. to collect data through questionnaire and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to test the normal distribution of the main variables. the results indicate that women in planning for sustainable development in social - economic approach , resource approach planning of sustainable development plan of tehran is not very important . the results also showed that urban security is important for sustainable development , but women 's status in sustainable development in tehran isweak Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
952 - Social Changes of Distinction and Costs of Body Management with Grounded Theory Approach (Case study; Gorgan women)
mahbobeh ilvari Afsaneh EdrisiThe purpose of this study is finding out the women’s motivation of accepting high costs of body management, the study is done with the qualitative approach and grounded theory method. Data collection method was unstructured interview, which was done with 15 MoreThe purpose of this study is finding out the women’s motivation of accepting high costs of body management, the study is done with the qualitative approach and grounded theory method. Data collection method was unstructured interview, which was done with 15 women in Gorgan who had experience of body management. To choose the interviewees, the targeted sampling method was used, which requires sequential sampling called snowball. The results showed that the acceptance of body management costs is caused by family support, the compelling power on the family and rejection of the status of an adult woman. The effective factors on the acceptance of the body management costs are feeling humiliated, advertisement, following media, doctors’ role and social comparison. Having access to personal financial resources, lower position of women in the society and a way of compensating other weaknesses are of effective factors on the acceptance of body management costs which will lead to searching to find surgeons and barbers, spending time to find body management centers and getting the other people to confirm. The results of such actions and reaction is being distinct, gaining personal identity, seeking superiority, vertical mobility of social classes and the promotion of self- confidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
953 - Sociological study of cultural barriers to women's access to macro-political management in the country (Case Study: The faculty members of Tehran University )
narges mottaghi Zahra Hazrati someeh Zahra ghasemiThe purpose of this study was to investigate "the cultural barriers to women 's access to macro - political management in the country. The theoretical framework of the research was designed using the theories of Huntington, Melbourne and Goel, Lipstedt, Dal, Pie, Welch, MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate "the cultural barriers to women 's access to macro - political management in the country. The theoretical framework of the research was designed using the theories of Huntington, Melbourne and Goel, Lipstedt, Dal, Pie, Welch, Tischler, Golombok and Feu. The research method is survey and it is explanatory, applied, exponent, micro and cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this study consisted of full-time faculty members (other than medical sciences) of Islamic Azad State and Tehran Universities. The sample size was 382 individuals. Data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose face validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient were 0.78. The results show that there is an effective relationship between cultural barriers and women's access to macro political management. The regression test showed that the research variables were able to predict about 42% of the total dependent variable (women's access to macro-political management in the country). Among the effective cultural barriers, women did not believe in their ability to restrain themselves with regression coefficient 0.403, patriarchal culture variable with regression coefficient 0.338, political culture variable with regression coefficient 0.189, and dominant cultural patterns and gender stereotypes with regression coefficient. 0.168, respectively, had the highest regression effect on the dependent variable (women's access to macro-political management in the country). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
954 - The Structural Equations models of Socio- Cultural Reasons on Tendency to Cosmetic Surgeries (A case study among in the city of Ilam)
heshmat ghobadi Alireza kaldi Mohmmad Sadegh MahdavyCosmetic surgery is an advanced medical- cultural surgery which is among the investigated issues in the society of medicine. The main aim of the present study is discussing the social reasons considering the tendency of women to cosmetic surgeries. the prese MoreCosmetic surgery is an advanced medical- cultural surgery which is among the investigated issues in the society of medicine. The main aim of the present study is discussing the social reasons considering the tendency of women to cosmetic surgeries. the present research was done with using survey method among women with age range of 19-44 years in the city of Ilam. Research instrument is a questionnaire and data were collected by multi- clustering sampling following systematic random sampling method. Research population is including 370 cases that were selected by Cochran formula. For data analysis, SPSS software was used and also for modeling of reasons, LYSERAL software was used. Data analysis shows that cosmetic surgery likeness tendency among women in the age range of in the city of Ilam is intermediate. Also findings indicated that there is a significant correlation between variables of age, social pressure, social acceptance, references groups, religion, media using and women tendency to likeness toward cosmetic surgery and among them, the effect of references groups was more than other variables. Finally derived model in LYSERAL software indicated that variables of references groups, social acceptance, media using, social pressures and age are effective factors on women tendency to likeness toward cosmetic surgery, so the processed model in this research is an appropriate model for investigating the reasons on women tendency to likeness toward cosmetic surgery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
955 - Comparison of the position of women before the Islamic Revolution and after the Islamic Revolution of Iran..
leila hajigahramani Bahman Keshavarz Hasan Eivazzadeh Mehdi KhoshkhatiGiven the fact that women, as an important part of the community, have been tasked with a significant role and have been actively involved with men in various scenes, But during the past periods in our country, attention has been paid to the status and rights of women i MoreGiven the fact that women, as an important part of the community, have been tasked with a significant role and have been actively involved with men in various scenes, But during the past periods in our country, attention has been paid to the status and rights of women in the vicissitudes. Accordingly, this study aimed to describe and explain the status of women before and after the Islamic Revolution. The present study is in term of the purpose is applied research and in terms of nature and method is a descriptive-analytical research. The present study in term of the purpose is applied research and in terms of nature and method is a descriptive-analytical research. Data collection was also carried out in the form of a library-documentary. In this study, the position of women was reviewed in the different sections before and after the Islamic revolution. The results of the investigation suggest that women before Islamic revolution had limited situations. After the victory of the Islamic revolution, the situation of women was changed again. And at this juncture that societyfaced with several problems, had been prevented from paying attention to women's issues and revive their lost rights. However, after a relative improvement in the situation of the community, the issue of women's rights and the real status of this stratum were considered by policy makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
956 - Sociological study of quality of marital life with demographic factors
Fatemeh Rashid Shahla kazemipoursabat Hossein Aghajani marsaThe purpose of this study is Measuring the relationship between the quality of marital life with demographic factors. This research is based on the descriptive-correlation nature. The statistical population contains all married women between the ages of 15 and 65 MoreThe purpose of this study is Measuring the relationship between the quality of marital life with demographic factors. This research is based on the descriptive-correlation nature. The statistical population contains all married women between the ages of 15 and 65 years living in Karaj, according to the Cochran formula, the sample size is 465 people. The sample was determined by cluster sampling and then by simple random sampling. In theoretical foundations, theories of quality of life, Parsons, Safi, homogeneous, and the like are used. Finally, theoretical model of the research is designed. This research was conducted using a survey method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire . Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha for all dimensions of the questionnaire above 0.7, which is acceptable. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and analyzed using SPSS software. The result of the hypothesis with related tests shows that there is a significant relationship between quality of life and age, marriage age, age interval with spouse, duration of marriage, number of children, fertility age. According to regression and path analysis, the most and the strongest influence on the quality of marital life can be directly related to the direct effect of the variables of the marriage period (0.772), the age difference with the spouse (0.381), the marriage age (0.440). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
957 - A Sociological study of the effects of changes in modern urban spaces on women's identity reflexivity
Asieh Agaii Hoseinabadi Mansour Hagigatian Seyyed Naser HejaziThe current research was designed with the aim to investigate the effect of modern urban spaces on the reflection on women's identity. The main idea of research was extracted from Giddens's theory indicating that the use of new spaces affects different groups of society MoreThe current research was designed with the aim to investigate the effect of modern urban spaces on the reflection on women's identity. The main idea of research was extracted from Giddens's theory indicating that the use of new spaces affects different groups of society. As women's gardens have been recently established in some cities of Iran, especially Isfahan, these spaces seem to affect the women's reflection and new identity. In this research, 330 cases of women of Isfahan, who referred to gardens of this city in a 120-day period, were selected as the statistical sample of the statistical population of Isfahan city using multi-stage random sampling method. Of the gardens located in different neighborhoods, 6 gardens were selected, and the respondents were then selected out of these gardens. Findings of the research showed that urban modern spaces have significant effects on changing the point of view and identity reflection of women. However, due to the recent establishment of gardens, these changes have occurred in the theoretical area and there is still a long way ahead before practical changes induced by modern spaces occur. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
958 - Women’s Attitude toward Change in Awareness to Civil Rights and its Correlation with Cultural Capital in Tehran
Mahbube Abdosamadi Khadijeh Safiri Yaghoub MousaviThe present article was done with the aim to investigate Women`s attitude toward Change in Awareness to Civil Rights and its Correlation with Cultural Capital. The method was survey analytic and the statistical population were all women above 18 in Tehran city in 2017; MoreThe present article was done with the aim to investigate Women`s attitude toward Change in Awareness to Civil Rights and its Correlation with Cultural Capital. The method was survey analytic and the statistical population were all women above 18 in Tehran city in 2017; among them 384 women were selected in random clustered multilevel way through Cochran formula from 22 regions of Tehran city. The instrument of the study was researcher- made questionnaire. The theoretical framework of cultural capital was developed through Bourdieu`s theory consisting of embodied, objective and institutional cultural capital; and the attitudes toward civil rights was based on Zoanveski`s model in political, participatory- urban- social dimensions. According to the results, women`s attitude toward civil rights status was 55 percent and their cultural capital was 59 percent. The findings of Pearson correlation coefficient test also revealed an average direct relationship between cultural capital components with the attitude toward civil rights (r=0.52, p < 0.05). The obtained results of multiple regression test also revealed that three cultural capital components can predict 27 percent of women`s attitude toward civil rights and among them, objective cultural capital was the most affective element. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
959 - Explaining Employed Women`s Quality of Life in Rasht City Based on the Changes and Consequences of Modern Lifestyle
Ashraf Al-Sadat PeironaziriThe present article was done to investigate the effect of Changes of modern lifestyle consequences on women`s quality of life. The method of this research was survey analytic correlation and the statistical society was all employed women over the age of 30 who were at l MoreThe present article was done to investigate the effect of Changes of modern lifestyle consequences on women`s quality of life. The method of this research was survey analytic correlation and the statistical society was all employed women over the age of 30 who were at least in B.A/B.S educational level; among them 384 women were selected in random classified method through Coockran formula. The instrument of present study was researcher`s self-made questionnaire. The validity of research was content validity and the reliability was estimated through Cronbach`s alpha technique which was approved for all variables. Research`s hypothesis were analyzed by SPSS software and the obtained results of multiple regression test revealed; due to the changes; personal, family and social consequences can determine the quality of life of employed women in Rasht city. Personal consequences had the main effect (25%) and family consequences in second place and social consequences had the least effect. Overall, personal, family and social consequences can predict 30% of employed women`s quality of life in Rasht city. In sum, women`s quality of life in subjective and objective dimensions would be based on their utilization of modern life style in individual- family and social dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
960 - Assessing the level of social health and related factors (Case study: 15 _ 65 years old women in Parsabad)
shabnam zeynali Hossein banifatemehWomen today, by entering the market and academic education, as an active force in the process of social development, have an undeniable share in the fate of society. People's health is also an important indicator for measuring the development of communities. One of the MoreWomen today, by entering the market and academic education, as an active force in the process of social development, have an undeniable share in the fate of society. People's health is also an important indicator for measuring the development of communities. One of the dimensions of health that has been considered in recent years and there is more emphasis on it to achieve development is social health. This led the researcher to examine some individual, social and psychological factors (contextual variables, mental health, self-efficacy, sociability and legalism) related to women's social health. The statistical population of women's research (15-65 years old) in Parsabad is 57528 people, the statistical sample is 251 people based on Cochran's formula and variance of pre-test data. The research method was cross-sectional and the data were collected using the standard Keys and researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software. The results show that women's social health is different in terms of employment and education, and also show a significant relationship between mental health, self-efficacy and socialization with social health. The social health regression model shows that the variables of self-efficacy and mental health have the greatest impact on social health and predict 32.2% of its changes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
961 - Investigating the active presence of women in non-governmental organizations and its impact on awareness and bioculture (Case study: Women members of non-governmental organizations in Lorestan province)
tahereh shahivandi esmaeel jahanbakhsh shapoor bbehyanThis study examines the active presence of women in non-governmental organizations and its effect on their awareness and bioculture. The data collection method was a survey through a questionnaire. Using the Cochran formula, 333 female members were questioned in Loresta MoreThis study examines the active presence of women in non-governmental organizations and its effect on their awareness and bioculture. The data collection method was a survey through a questionnaire. Using the Cochran formula, 333 female members were questioned in Lorestan province's nongovernmental organizations. According to the test of related hypotheses, the research findings show: Many socio-cultural activities of women have been voluntary from the past to the present, and women have not been forced to work outside the home. On the other hand, cooperation and learning are the hallmarks of these activities, and the roles that women play in relation to modern volunteering activities, including effective participation in these organizations, are flexible and appropriate to their biosocio-cultural. Thus, in this way, they are not completely detached from their family plans and do not lose the integrity of facing "themselves". In other words, they not only can, but also achieve their desired presence in the maintenance and management of society. But also able to face more awareness and satisfaction with their traditional and religious roles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
962 - Sociological study of contemporaray feminist theories with a critical approach
Morteza FarajianThe current research examines contemporary feminist theories with a critical approach. In this research, critical scientific research method was used and archival method was used to collect data. Feminist theories include a wide range of theories, such as: women-centere MoreThe current research examines contemporary feminist theories with a critical approach. In this research, critical scientific research method was used and archival method was used to collect data. Feminist theories include a wide range of theories, such as: women-centered theory, theories of difference (cultural feminism, Simone de Beauvoir theory), sociological theories of gender difference (institutional theory and interactionist theory), theories of gender inequality (liberal feminism), theories of oppression (psychoanalytic feminism, feminism radical), theories of structural oppression (socialist feminism, interference theory) and postmodern theories of feminism. Criticism of the research findings shows that feminist theories, due to being ahistorical, not considering different cultures, pessimism towards men, the same attitude towards all men, a purely materialistic attitude towards love, failure to respond to the mechanism of creating patriarchy, considering men as oppressors, Opposing the teachings of world religions and the same attitude to all religions, fanatical attack on heterosexuality, imposing homosexuality on women as a superior epistemology, promoting a new identity against the reversed identity, opposing individualism by claiming individualism, plurality and sexual freedom, and defining sexuality. For women, criticism of the institutional feminist theory, lack of attention to "unrealization", lack of attention to the difference in the body and finally the weakness of psychoanalytic feminism in examining the social arrangements of emotions are criticized. It can be stated that despite their practical and theoretical effects, feminist theories have many theoretical weaknesses that have been addressed in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
963 - Meta-Analysis on Women’s Studies and Development in Iran Considering on political development
azadeh ghazanfari khalil Mirzaei masoume ReshadThe first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women MoreThe first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women in a society, equal to advancement and development of that country. This paper is performed in order to merge done studies in femininity field and development. Method which is used in this paper, is Meta-analysis. Statistical population were consisted of related and available studies which were accessible in Iran using Persian language, in paper form, from 1385 to 1401. After investigating the criterion of inputs and outputs, 55 effect sizes from 17 studies which have Meta-analysis condition, were obtained. In order to analyze data from sensitivity data, funnel chart, stochastic models and heterogeneity analysis, CMA2 software was used. Analysis of obtained information from research showed that the amount of combined effect in this stochastic model (chosen model for this Meta-analysis) was obtained equally to 0/472, which was significant. Size of obtained effect from studies(p<0/001) were calculated averagely according to interpretation of Cohen's scale and results illustrated that women and femininity have effect on development.Also by considering social development as moderator variable,this coefficient was calculated as social development 0/645respectively.that in level of p<0/001 are significant Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
964 - Representation of the social movements of women in movies (Suffragette, The northern land , Iron Jawed Angels, The Rosa Parks Story ) since(1920-2016) According to Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic method
elmira sasanpour afsaneh edrisi majid tavasoliThis article deals with the topic of Representation of the social movements of women since (1920-2016) in movies (Suffragette, The northern land , Iron javelin angels, The Rosa Parks Story ) . The women's movement is an organized movement to achieve women's MoreThis article deals with the topic of Representation of the social movements of women since (1920-2016) in movies (Suffragette, The northern land , Iron javelin angels, The Rosa Parks Story ) . The women's movement is an organized movement to achieve women's rights and an ideology for the transformation of society, whose goal is the dream of eliminating all types of racial discrimination and oppression .In this article, the author examines four movies by qualitative and Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic method and the theory of Charles Tilly’s collective action and fundamental theories of feminism wants to show that how effective movies are in representing social movements of women. Movies seem to play a significant role in representing the social movements of women in society. Research findings indicated that the meanings represented in the films have been: Negotiating the existing situation and oriented identity, having a plan and organized collective behavior, determine the goals, having ideology, obligation and commitment, opposition to violent acts, radical movement, worthiness , commitment and unity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
965 - Family in the path of social changes, qualitative study of extramarital relations Women with the GT approach (case study: women of Qazvin city)
zahra AghajanibeigiThe current research examines contemporary feminist theories with a critical approach. In this research, critical scientific research method was used and archival method was used to collect data. Feminist theories include a wide range of theories, such as: women-centere MoreThe current research examines contemporary feminist theories with a critical approach. In this research, critical scientific research method was used and archival method was used to collect data. Feminist theories include a wide range of theories, such as: women-centered theory, theories of difference (cultural feminism, Simone de Beauvoir theory), sociological theories of gender difference (institutional theory and interactionist theory), theories of gender inequality (liberal feminism), theories of oppression (psychoanalytic feminism, feminism radical), theories of structural oppression (socialist feminism, interference theory) and postmodern theories of feminism. Criticism of the research findings shows that feminist theories, due to being ahistorical, not considering different cultures, pessimism towards men, the same attitude towards all men, a purely materialistic attitude towards love, failure to respond to the mechanism of creating patriarchy, considering men as oppressors, Opposing the teachings of world religions and the same attitude to all religions, fanatical attack on heterosexuality, imposing homosexuality on women as a superior epistemology, promoting a new identity against the reversed identity, opposing individualism by claiming individualism, plurality and sexual freedom, and defining sexuality. For women, criticism of the institutional feminist theory, lack of attention to "unrealization", lack of attention to the difference in the body and finally the weakness of psychoanalytic feminism in examining the social arrangements of emotions are criticized. It can be stated that despite their practical and theoretical effects, feminist theories have many theoretical weaknesses that have been addressed in this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
966 - A Review of Women´s Rights of Citizenship with Emphasis on Shiite Jurisprudential Teachings
Vali Allah Safari Mohammad Reza Ayati Asghar ArabianAbstractTo include women for citizenship rights is an important matter and it has been a subject of serious discussions in various schools. In the present research, after gathering related and relevant data from jurisprudential texts, Islamic approach to the women´ MoreAbstractTo include women for citizenship rights is an important matter and it has been a subject of serious discussions in various schools. In the present research, after gathering related and relevant data from jurisprudential texts, Islamic approach to the women´s rights of citizenship were explored and analyzed. The results showed that, in Islam, the women´s rights of citizenship are of three aspects including primary rights, social rights and marital rights. Also, positive discrimination in favor of women is one of the social policymaking methods in Islamic Teachings as a solution for compensation for discriminative behaviors and realization of the women´s rights of citizenship. Ambiguities ascribed to Shiite jurisprudential approach regarding equal rights to women and men results from the fact that many humanistic schools don’t believe in distinctions between the similarities between women´s and men´s rights and the equality of those rights. This point can be analyzed in various issues such as heritage, punishment, testimony, divorce, judgment, and authority. Due to superiority of Islamic approach, in developing the women´s rights of citizenship its teachings can be followed and introduced as a model for legal schools.Keywords: rights of citizenship, women, Islam, Shiite jurisprudence, Quran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
967 - The effect of menopause on woman rights and responsibilities
Nafiseh Karimi yazdi Ebrahim Yaghouti Mohammed javad JavidBackground and Aim:Women's rights is one of the main issues that has been focused by jurists and lawyers. From a legal point of view, considering women's natural rights is the initial step to realize their rights. This main point can be achieved just by adverting some p MoreBackground and Aim:Women's rights is one of the main issues that has been focused by jurists and lawyers. From a legal point of view, considering women's natural rights is the initial step to realize their rights. This main point can be achieved just by adverting some particular circumstances that they may experience via their lives.studying jurisprudence areas is not sufficient for legislation, so to find a better understanding of legislation, this situation should also be examined from the perspective of psychology and medicine context. One of the big gaps in women's rights is neglecting women's rights during menopause, childbirth and especially her monthly discomforts.In all contemporary legal systems focusing on the rights and responsibilities of women during menstruation -as one of their natural rights- is a necessary basis for the development of laws and citizenship rights.Materials and Methods: This research is of theoretical type and the research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of data collection is library and has been done by referring to documents, books and articles.Ethical Considerations: In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, honesty and fidelity have been observed.Conclusion:Therefore the current research,relying on medical, psychological, legal and jurisprudential evidence and applying descriptive analytical methods In the menopause, in the position of proving or rejecting the hypothesis by reviewing jurisprudence,medicine and psychology we came to the conclusion that our law neither supports this state of women nor passed any laws or protective measures. Keywords: physical condition, women's rights, responsibility, menopause. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
968 - Innovations of the bill to prevent women's injuries and improve their security against abuse
Mahsa Ibrahimi MOhammafjavad AbdellahiThe initial text of the bill for preventing women's injuries and improving their safety against abuse was prepared in 1392 in the vice-minister of women and family affairs of the 10th government and sent to the government for approval. Finally, after examining this MoreThe initial text of the bill for preventing women's injuries and improving their safety against abuse was prepared in 1392 in the vice-minister of women and family affairs of the 10th government and sent to the government for approval. Finally, after examining this bill among different governments and parliaments, the final bill was finally approved by the government board in December 2019. And finally, on May 29, 1400, the receipt was announced and it was referred to the legal and judicial commission of the parliament with a condition of urgency. In April 1402, the details of the plan were approved by the Islamic Council and its name was changed to "Prevention of women's injuries and promotion of their safety against abuse". The question that exists is what innovations can be legally discussed. In the present study, the author believes in the descriptive-analytical method following the answer to the above question that: innovations such as the integration of all institutions to support women, the establishment of a women's support fund, the provision of medical expenses and special attention to imprisoned women, the development of counseling centers for maintaining The mental health of abused women, the proper way to deal with women, the criminalization of responsibility due to the transmission of diseases through sexual intercourse, referring to the illegitimate submission and non-violence of men for the first time, as well as the permission for women to leave the country in the case that the man is against it for no reason. The title is innovation and strengths of the bill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
969 - The Role of the Construction of Urban Water Supply Network in Tehran on the Spatial Layout of Residential Areas (By Reviewing Some Case Studies)
Morteza MirzahosseiniWater supply in the geographical area of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, until the late Pahlavi era and for many years, was provided through traditional and simple methods. People used canal water from streams and underground rivers to meet their basic needs such as was MoreWater supply in the geographical area of Tehran, as the capital of Iran, until the late Pahlavi era and for many years, was provided through traditional and simple methods. People used canal water from streams and underground rivers to meet their basic needs such as washing and cleaning. Additionally, the water needed for the storage tanks and most of the household basins was supplied through canals. In houses, spaces such as kitchens, toilets, and bathhouses were usually located in the yard and separate from the living space, and the required water for them was mainly provided from storage tanks for the kitchen or the basin for the toilet. The high number of damages and the occurrence of various diseases such as typhoid, baldness, and intestinal swelling caused by consuming contaminated water and not observing hygiene, prompted the Iranian government to consider piping for providing drinking water to the people. Therefore, the main question of this research is how much piping and water supply through a specific route (pipeline system) has played a role in the spatial arrangement in residential architecture. The aim of this study is also to examine and investigate the first water supply system in Tehran through piping and its impact on the formation of residential architecture. The research is qualitative and uses a mixed method of interpretive historical research and descriptive-analytical method. The research results show that one of the significant factors in changing the spatial arrangement of residential architecture in Tehran was the construction of the pipeline network and the transfer of water into homes. The transformation of the spatial structure of houses from two-part to one-part, consisting of 60% building and 40% courtyard, is considered one of the most important results of constructing a pipeline network for Tehran. Also, as a result of the construction of the pipeline network, wet spaces such as kitchens were relocated closer to the entrance to use the main branch of the water supply, providing a basis for women's presence in the public space of the house. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
970 - Designing a Model for the Role of Women in the Family Purchasing Decision-Making Process Considering the Impact of Viral Marketing (Case Study of Women in Tabriz)
Aliakbar peyvasteh Alii Gorbani Elnaz HazemThe purpose of this research is to design a model of women's role in family purchasing decision-making process considering the impact of viral marketing in Tabriz metropolitan area. This research is descriptive-survey based on its nature and content, and in terms of pur MoreThe purpose of this research is to design a model of women's role in family purchasing decision-making process considering the impact of viral marketing in Tabriz metropolitan area. This research is descriptive-survey based on its nature and content, and in terms of purpose, it is a type of applied research. In this research, the methodology used to collect the data for the development of the literature is library method, and also to collect data to answer the questions, the field method has been used. The statistical population includes Tabriz metropolitan women whose number is considered unlimited. The sample size was 384 persons according to the unlimited sample size formula of 3845 people. A random sampling method was used to select the women who were used to describe the data from the frequency table and the column diagram for demographic variables and descriptive index table and histogram chart for describing the mean index. In the analytical part of the data, Various methods such as the Kalimogrov-Smirnov test for normalization, exploratory factor analysis, factor analysis, regression test, t-test and Pearson correlation were used for SPSS software. As a result, effective factors on each of the research variables were identified and the final model and applied proposals were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
971 - Designing a Model for the Role of Women in the Family Purchasing Decision-Making Process Considering the Impact of Viral Marketing (Case Study: Women in Tabriz)
Aliakbar peyvasteh Alii Gorbani Elnaz HazemThe purpose of this research is to design a model of women's role in family purchasing decision-making process considering the impact of viral marketing in Tabriz metropolitan area. This research is descriptive-survey based on its nature and content, and in terms of pur MoreThe purpose of this research is to design a model of women's role in family purchasing decision-making process considering the impact of viral marketing in Tabriz metropolitan area. This research is descriptive-survey based on its nature and content, and in terms of purpose, it is a type of applied research. In this research, the methodology used to collect the data for the development of the literature is library method, and also to collect data to answer the questions, the field method has been used. The statistical population includes Tabriz metropolitan women whose number is considered unlimited. The sample size was 384 persons according to the unlimited sample size formula of 3845 people. A random sampling method was used to select the women who were used to describe the data from the frequency table and the column diagram for demographic variables and descriptive index table and histogram chart for describing the mean index. In the analytical part of the data, Various methods such as the Kalimogrov-Smirnov test for normalization, exploratory factor analysis, factor analysis, regression test, t-test and Pearson correlation were used for SPSS software. As a result, effective factors on each of the research variables were identified and the final model and applied proposals were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
972 - The study of relationship between personal and economic-social characteristics rice-field women in Bandar Anzali township with sustainable agriculture criteria
H. Chaharsough Amin S. M. MirdamadiThe research was descriptive-analytic and was performed with a relative - causal method. The population of this study were rice-field women, over 25 years old, who are living in Sangachin and Abkenar villages - located in Chaharfarizeh County - and Lijareky Hasanroud an MoreThe research was descriptive-analytic and was performed with a relative - causal method. The population of this study were rice-field women, over 25 years old, who are living in Sangachin and Abkenar villages - located in Chaharfarizeh County - and Lijareky Hasanroud and Talebabad villages - located in Lijareky Hasanroud county. In this research, 275 people were randomly selected with systematic sampling method. Questionnaire reliability was estimated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient by SPSS and it calculated as 0.80. The descriptive findings of study showed that the highest of field-rice women participation was in weeding and generally, they are observing sustainability criteria in agriculture. The analytical finding showed that there was significant difference (P<%1) between the mean of observing sustainability criteria in agriculture, regarding the research's villages, level of education, kind of ownership to rice-field and kind of used seed. Also, there was positive correlation (p=%99) between age, years of experience in rice-field, the amount of rice production, rice-field size, the amount of social participation and rice-field annual income with observing sustainability criteria in agriculture. But there exists negative correlation (p=%99) between the amount of rice-field participation and number of household members with observing sustainability criteria in agriculture. The amount of rice production and rice-field annual income as independent variables had the main role in explaining dependent variable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
973 - Blood Lead Level and Δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity in Pre-Menopausal and Postmenopausal Women
I.R Elezaj K.Rr. Letaj Q.I. Selimi A. Rrustemi D. Zogaj L. Sefaja -
Open Access Article
974 - Prevalence of Medicinal Herbs Use during Pregnancy in the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Fatemeh Heydarpour Sousan Heydarpour Fatemeh Dehghan Masoud Mohammadi Mohammad Hosein Farzaei -
Open Access Article
975 - Serum Estrogen Level in Postmenopausal Women with Ischemic Stroke: An Analytic Cross-Sectional Study
Nooshin Masoudian Hamed Veshkouiee Seyyed Afshin Samaie Majid Foroutan Maryam Ghooshchian Abbas Ziari Maryam Naderi Eram -
Open Access Article
976 - Kisspeptin, GnRH, Prolactin and Ovarian Hormones Levels in Hyperprolactinemia, Type 1 Diabetes and Obesity Women
Nakaa Qassim Ghali Zainab Abduljabbar Ridha Al-Ali Saba Jassim Al HeshimiKisspeptin is a peptide that plays a crucial function in the regulation of puberty initiation, by sexual immaturity and slowed puberty advancement. Infertility is a result of hyperprolactinemia, which inhibits the pulsatile release of GnRH from the brain and lowers the MoreKisspeptin is a peptide that plays a crucial function in the regulation of puberty initiation, by sexual immaturity and slowed puberty advancement. Infertility is a result of hyperprolactinemia, which inhibits the pulsatile release of GnRH from the brain and lowers the pulsatile production of LH from the pituitary. In type 1 diabetes, also known as autoimmune diabetes, pancreatic cells die off and the body cannot produce enough insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. Obese people are more likely to suffer from hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperleptinemia, chronic inflammation, menstrual abnormalities, pregnancy troubles, and infertility. So, this study aims to know the reproductive status of women by estimating kisspeptin and other hormones. The study was conducted on 92 women, ages (20-40) years, Samples were collected from the AL-Sader Teaching Hospital, Maysan for Child and Birth Hospital, the specialized Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology and some private clinics and centres, the period June 2022 to February of 2023. The women were divided equally into four groups: control group (with regular menstrual cycles), hyperprolactinemia group (hyper serum prolactin), obesity group (have a BMI over 30 kg.m–2), and type 1 diabetes group. The results showed the values of kisspeptin did not differ significantly (P>0.05) in all groups, values of GnRH in hyperprolactinemia, obesity and type 1 DM groups increased significantly (P≤0.05) compared with the control group, Prolactin, estradiol and progesterone in the hyperprolactinemia group increased significantly (P≤0.05) in comparison with other groups. According to the above results, we conclude that high levels of prolactin, also obesity and type 1 DM influence the reproductive hormones in women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
977 - Effect of Aerobic Exercise of Walking on Weight and BMI During Pregnancy
Tayyebeh Zarezadeh Nematallah Nemati -
Open Access Article
978 - The Effect of Short-term Creatine Supplementation on Lactate Dehydrogenase after a Session of Intense Aerobic and Anaerobic Activity in Active Women
Esmail GhorbanianThe aim of the current research was to the effect of short-term creatine supplementation on lactate dehydrogenase after a session of intense aerobic and anaerobic activity in active women. For this purpose, 40 active women of Damghan city with an average age (25 ± 5 yea MoreThe aim of the current research was to the effect of short-term creatine supplementation on lactate dehydrogenase after a session of intense aerobic and anaerobic activity in active women. For this purpose, 40 active women of Damghan city with an average age (25 ± 5 years), weight (63 ± 7 kg), height (165 ± 7.5 cm) and body mass index (25 ± 5 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this research. The research was of a semi-experimental type, and the subjects were randomly divided into four groups iaerobic supplementation (10 people), aerobic placebo (10 people), anaerobic supplementation (10 people), and anaerobic placebo (10 people) and studied. The supplement group consumed creatine every day (0.3 grams per kilogram of body weight) in 4 meals (8, 12, 16, and 20 hours) for 7 days; the placebo group consumed the same amount of corn powder. The aerobic group performed the Bruce test before and after completing it, and the anaerobic group performed the Wingate test. Blood samples were taken from the subjects after aerobic and anaerobic tests and after taking supplements and repeating the tests to measure lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Index measurement was done using the relevant kits and with the help of an auto-analyzer, the analysis of variance test was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that there is no significant difference between the LDH level of the aerobic creatine group and the aerobic placebo group, as well as the anaerobic creatine group and the anaerobic placebo group, but the comparison of the LDH level of the aerobic creatine group and the anaerobic creatine group showed that there is a significant difference. In other words, taking a creatine supplement along with a session of acute aerobic activity led to a greater decrease in LDH than taking this supplement after anaerobic activity. In general, it can be concluded that creatine monohydrate loading does not significantly reduce LDH levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
979 - The effect of 8 weeks of increasing resistance training and a non-training period on left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) in sedentary women.
Alireza Babaei MazrenoThe aim of the current research was the effect of 8 weeks of increasing resistance training and a period of non-training after that on the left ventricular LVEVD index of sedentary women. In this semi-experimental research that was conducted in a field-laboratory manner MoreThe aim of the current research was the effect of 8 weeks of increasing resistance training and a period of non-training after that on the left ventricular LVEVD index of sedentary women. In this semi-experimental research that was conducted in a field-laboratory manner, 32 sedentary women who were able to regularly participate in the exercise protocol were selected by simple random sampling and randomly divided into 2 groups: 1- Resistance exercise group (16 people ), 2- control group (16 people). In the present study, before the implementation of the training program, all the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and structural and functional indicators of the left ventricle of the subjects were measured and recorded in three stages under the same conditions. Variable left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), by a cardiologist with echocardiography using M-Mode, Spectral Doppler, Color Doppler (2-D) methods and in a special echocardiography room in 3 stages (before exercise, after the end of 8 weeks The resistance training program was measured after 4 weeks of non-training after training. It was also measured before echocardiography. All training programs including 3 training days per week and every day for 90 minutes were implemented in the sports hall of Azad University, Yazd branch. This program was implemented for 8 weeks from low to high intensity, taking into account the principle of overload and increasing the intensity of training. Finally, the results showed that eight weeks of increasing resistance training was significant on the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) of sedentary women, and it reduced the positive effects of increasing resistance training on the left ventricular end-diastolic volume. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
980 - The effect of eight weeks of Reactive Neuromuscular Training on balance, strength and quality of life of elderly women
Morteza Sadeghi Parniyan kazemi -
Open Access Article
981 - Analyzing the Relationship between Perception of Quality of Governance and Social Capital: Women of Karaj
ali SAEI Gholamreza Ghaffary Nargess SarhadiThe purpose of this article is to study the relationship between perception of “quality of governance” and “social capital”. In this paper, the perception of quality of governance is considered as independent structure and social capital is consi MoreThe purpose of this article is to study the relationship between perception of “quality of governance” and “social capital”. In this paper, the perception of quality of governance is considered as independent structure and social capital is considered as dependent structure. The statistical population of this study are women 18-64 years old in Karaj. The sample size is 406 persons who were selected by cluster sampling method among women living in ten districts of Karaj municipality. Linear regression method was used to judge the research hypotheses. The empirical findings show that perception of “quality of governance” has a significant relationship with women's trust. The correlation coefficient of regression is 53.4 and approximately the proportion of trust variable explained by perception of governance quality is 29%. The empirical evidence also confirms the relationship between perception of women's perception of quality of governance and community membership and participation by factor 17. A proportion of the variance of membership and association participation that explained the perception of quality of governance is 3%. The empirical findings did not confirm the significant relationship between perception of quality of governance and intra-group communication among women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
982 - Representation of Women in the Bayati of Azerbaijan
ziba esmaeiliOral literature, unlike official literature, reflects the social culture and way of life of the people, but the role of women as literary creators and the recognition of their identity based on their poems has received less attention. The purpose of this study is to rep MoreOral literature, unlike official literature, reflects the social culture and way of life of the people, but the role of women as literary creators and the recognition of their identity based on their poems has received less attention. The purpose of this study is to represent women in the Bayati of Azerbaijan. The theoretical approach is consistent with theories of representation. The method is qualitative content analysis. The statistical population is 4567 Bayaties which have been collected in two collections of "Asil Bayatilar" and "Bayatilar". In many of these verses, the existence of linguistic signs indicates that the poet is a man or a woman, which shows the view of women towards their identity in the social system of the Azerbaijani people. Based on the content of the works, the role of women in choosing a spouse, position of mother, sister and daughter, in the administration of home affairs, in financial affairs, and as a tool of pleasure has been represented. According to these poems, women have a lower position than men. In the Bayatis written by women, their voice of protest against social and cultural issues such as forced marriage can be heard. The existence of forced marriage shows the place of love in the views of Azerbaijani men and women. The image of women in the Bayati is a positive image, and negative labels of stereotypes common to other cultures were not found in this type of literature, but in the Bayati generally women have an identity related to men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
983 - Studying the Relationship of Factors Affecting the Participation of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Women's Access to Citizenship in Iran
nasi,osadat mahbobishariyatpanahi abdolreza eftekhari leila falahatiTodays, NGOs, as the third pillar of society and the representative of civil society, play a crucial role in accessing socially excluded groups, including women, to their citizenship rights. The most important dimension of citizenship is social citizenship, which is clo MoreTodays, NGOs, as the third pillar of society and the representative of civil society, play a crucial role in accessing socially excluded groups, including women, to their citizenship rights. The most important dimension of citizenship is social citizenship, which is closely linked to the public sphere. It seems that these organizations play an important role in facilitating women's access to their citizenship, although different factors can be effective in achieving this goal.The main aim of present study was to examine the effect of factors influencing the contribution of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in women's access to social rights in Iran. This research employed a quantitative approach and survey technique using questionnaire tools to assess the assumptions. The data were collected from three groups including 30 executive gender experts, 10 NGO's managers, and 319 audiences of NGOs who were selected through stratified sampling. A descriptive-correlation approach using Spearman correlation tests and multivariate regression by SPSS software (2020) were employed for data analysis. Findings revealed that social and economic factors affect the participation of non-governmental organizations in women's access citizenship in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
984 - Study of intergenerational value gap of Turkmen women in terms of the role of individual characteristics and contextual factors
mahshid rafinejad mehrdad javaheripour zahra ghasemiMargaret Mead believes that vast and profound socio-cultural changes make conditions for growth and upbringing of young generation different from the conditions of the parents; As a result, a generation gap is created, which causes value differences between the two gene MoreMargaret Mead believes that vast and profound socio-cultural changes make conditions for growth and upbringing of young generation different from the conditions of the parents; As a result, a generation gap is created, which causes value differences between the two generations. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of individual characteristics and contextual factors in differentiating the value priorities two generations of women. The research method is quantitative-survey that independent group T-statistics and two-way analysis of variance and significance level were used to test the hypotheses. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 50 questions, which was estimated to be 0.66 and its reliability 0.92 using SPSS software version 20. The statistical population of the study includes 173264 married women living in Gonbad Kavous city with Turkmen ethnicity in 1400. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 200 women in their fifties (mothers) and 200 women in their eighties (girls) were selected as a sample. Findings showed that there is a value difference of % 12.14 in terms of material values and % 17.18 in terms of metamaterial values between mothers and daughters. The results of the study based on the maximum comparison of the mean differences showed that there is a significant difference between job, spouse occupation, housing status, education level, spouse education level and income level of mothers and daughters in terms of priority of material and extraterrestrial values. Material and metamaterial values are more important for the daughter generation compared to the maternal generation Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
985 - Explaining the Physical Components of the Landscape of Historical Gardens among the Women Who Refer to Them (With the Approach of Improving the Quality of Landscape Healing) (Case study: Historical gardens of Shiraz)
mozhdeh mokhtari mansour yeganeh Reza Afhami Historical gardens, as a healing landscape as a platform that influences the culture and the body, soul and mind of users, especially women, should provide a basis for peace of mind and culture of users with their surroundings. Provide a healing purpo More Historical gardens, as a healing landscape as a platform that influences the culture and the body, soul and mind of users, especially women, should provide a basis for peace of mind and culture of users with their surroundings. Provide a healing purpose. In this regard, in this article, the main purpose of evaluating the effects of the physical components of historic gardens on the healing quality of women's landscape. This article, according to the method, is descriptive-analytical and is applied based on the purpose. The method of data collection in this study is documentary and survey with a questionnaire and data analysis was performed using factor analysis and multivariate regression test in SPSS and structural equation modeling in Amos environment. The statistical population included women referring to the historical gardens of Eram, Delgosha, Takht, Khalili, Jahannama, Narenjestan Ghavam, Karim Khan citadel, Bagh-e Nazar, Haft Tanan and Jannat, with a sample size of 180 people. Findings from confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling also showed that 73.4% of the changes in the quality of landscape healing of women are affected by factor loads related to the physical components of historic gardens, according to which the quality of landscape healing In historical gardens, solutions such as culture building; Prevent the creation of abandoned spaces in study gardens; Not to build long routes in such a way that no other route interferes with it; Allocating special spaces to women in study gardens; Allocation of spaces is provided only for the use of women and … Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
986 - Anthropological Study of Women and Girls' Clothing in the Bakhtiari People (According to Van Jenep's "Rites of Passage" Point of View)
Valiyollah NasiriThe purpose of this study is to reflect the social status of Bakhtiari women through clothing before marriage, during marriage and after marriage. In this article, based on the view of anthropologist Van Janp and analysis of this view, we will deal with Bakhtiari women' MoreThe purpose of this study is to reflect the social status of Bakhtiari women through clothing before marriage, during marriage and after marriage. In this article, based on the view of anthropologist Van Janp and analysis of this view, we will deal with Bakhtiari women's clothing. In rites of passage, the etiquette is the transition from one social situation to another, which may vary according to different ethnicities and cultures. In Iran, there are different ethnic groups, each of which has different rites of passage. This article focuses on the customs of the Bakhtiari people (one of the tribes of Iran), has tried to study and analyze the type of clothing of Bakhtiari girls in three stages before marriage, during marriage and after marriage. The present paper is a combination of field and library methods, documentation and content analysis. The results of the study show that women in Bakhtiari culture choose their clothes based on their position and status and pay attention to color, clothing decoration and appropriate to the seasons of the year, and Bakhtiari women and girls by changing the type of clothing in each stage of life finds a new position in the process of socializing. The color of clothes and the type of clothing of Bakhtiari girls and women at every stage of life, reflects the responsibilities and expectations that they face in each period of life, according to biological and natural conditions. The type of clothing worn by Bakhtiari girls and the different meaning of the color of these clothes have made their culture different from other Iranian ethnic groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
987 - بررسی فراوانی آنتی بادی ضد هرپس سیمپلکس ویروس نوع II در زنان باردار مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان 22 بهمن و آریا در سال 92-93
Fatemeh Habibi Sima Afshar Nejad Nooshin Baba pour Malihe Moein JowzanBackground: In many countries, infections due to HSV are as endemic.The number of people who have antibodies against the virus is differentand has mainly depended on the studied groups. High prevalence of herpes and its complications, particularly in infants shows that MoreBackground: In many countries, infections due to HSV are as endemic.The number of people who have antibodies against the virus is differentand has mainly depended on the studied groups. High prevalence of herpes and its complications, particularly in infants shows that development of strategies to prevent and detect seropositive and seronegativesmothers is very important in terms of promoting public health and reducing harm from the infection.On the other hand, infection of asymptomatic individuals who are seropositive increases the importance of epidemiological studies of herpes virus seroprevalence.Considering the importance of the role of epidemiological studies on the health policies, our research is based on the study of seroprevalance of HSV-2 in pregnant women. Methods: Blood samples were collected in a cross-sectional study of 135 pregnant women admitted to hospital Arya and 22-bahman in the year 92-93.They also completed questionnaires to assess the effects of seven factors: age, occupation, education, number of pregnancies, abortions, number of sexual partners and income levels.Serum samples were then separated and the presence of IgG to HSV-2 were determined using ELISA kits. Results: Of the 135 patients, 4 patients for HSV-2 were positive for the 2/6% population, we make up, and according to the statistical data and the statistical test, the positivity of the age, occupation, level of education, number of pregnancies, abortions, number of sexual partners was not related income. Conclusion: In our study, 2/6% of patients were positive for HSV-2 positive All the people who were older than 30 years, homemaker and graduate education, but due to the low number of positive results in terms of no statistically significant relationship between age, occupation and education level with HSV-2 was found Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
988 - The Acute Effect of Interval and Continuous Exercises on Levels of Adhesion Molecules in Young Females with Overweight
mohsen jafari zahra yekrangi mahbobeh marhamati mahsa reyhaniAbstractAdhesion molecules are mediators of atherosclerotic inflammatory processes. Blood levels of these substances have direct association with cardiovascular disease risk and elevate in heart patients. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of two continuous MoreAbstractAdhesion molecules are mediators of atherosclerotic inflammatory processes. Blood levels of these substances have direct association with cardiovascular disease risk and elevate in heart patients. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of two continuous (cooper test) and interval (RAST test) exercises on levels of ICAM1, VCAM1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and L-selectin. 17 obese and healthy young females were randomly assigned into two groups of Cooper and RAST tests. Blood sampling was done before and after the tests. In statistical analysis, paired T-test was used for interring group comparison and independent T-test was used for between groups comparison. Analysis of data showed that except L-selectin, changes of all dependent variables after cooper and RAST tests were not significant (P>0/05) and only L-selectin levels after cooper test decreased significantly (P≤0/05). Also changes of all of variables between two groups were not significant (P>0/05). overall, one session interval and continuous exercise did not induce elevation of atherogenic adhesion molecules in obese young females that shows protective mechanisms in vascular endothelium in these persons possibly prevents injurious inflammatory response to exercise, thus obese young females can do exercise for weight reduction without anxiety for inflammatory complications induced by exercise trainings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
989 - The Effects of 8 Weeks Aerobic Exercise Training on Serum levels of Myonectine and Insulin Resistance in Obese and Overweight Women
abdreza kazemi khatereh nnaaderiAbstractObesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and insulin resistance. Myonectin is a type of myokine that has a high rate of secretion in skeletal muscle and is inversely related to obesity. This study aimed to investigate t MoreAbstractObesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes, and insulin resistance. Myonectin is a type of myokine that has a high rate of secretion in skeletal muscle and is inversely related to obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on myonectin levels and insulin resistance in obese and overweight women. In the present study, 21 overweight and obese women participated as subjects, who were divided into two groups of exercise and control. The exercise program was performed for 8 weeks, which included three sessions of aerobic exercise per week, each session lasting 30 minutes with an intensity of 50 to 70% of the maximum heart rate. The maximum heart rate in exercise was 50% in the first two weeks, 60% in the second two weeks, 65% in the third two weeks, and 70% in the last two weeks. Blood sampling was drawn 48 hours before the start and 48 hours after the last training session and serum levels of mayonectin, glucose, and insulin were measured. Analysis of covariance was applied to examine the differences between groups by using IMB SPSS v.21 software. Serum levels of myonectin increased in the exercise group compared to the control group, but this amount was not significant (P=0.08). Furthermore, the level of insulin resistance in the exercise group compared to the control group was significantly reduced (P=0.006). Based on the results, aerobic training led to an increase in serum levels of myonectin and a decrease in insulin resistance in the subjects of this study. It can be concluded that due to the role of mayonectin in increasing the absorption of fatty acids, aerobic exercise can play a significant role in reducing obesity-related diseases and metabolic syndrome, which according to the current results, this effect is relatively associated with the role of mayonectin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
990 - The Effects of 8 Weeks Aerobic Exercise Training on Serum levels of Myonectine and Insulin Resistance in Obese and Overweight Women
khatereh naderipoor abdoreza kazemiAbstractObesity is related to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and insulin resistance in overweight and obese women. Myonectin is a myokine that is generally secreted from skeletal muscle and inversely associated with obesity. The aim of the presen MoreAbstractObesity is related to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and insulin resistance in overweight and obese women. Myonectin is a myokine that is generally secreted from skeletal muscle and inversely associated with obesity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training on serum levels of Myonectine and insulin resistance in obese and overweight women. In this study 21 obese women were allocated to exercise and control groups. Exercise training program comprised of 3 weekly sessions of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise training for 8 weeks that included running with 50 to 70 percent of maximum heart rate. 48 hours before and 48 hours after the last training session blood samples were collected and serum levels of Myonectine were measured. Analysis of covariance was used to assess differences between groups. Serum levels of Myonectine in the experimental group increased, but not significantly (p=0/08). and insulin resistance significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group (p=0.006). According to the results, that is increase serum levels of myonectin and decrease insulin resistance, on the other hand, concerning myonectin role in increasing fatty acids uptake, exercise training can play important role in decreasing obesity-related diseases and metabolic syndrome that respect to present study, this effect partly related to Myonectin roles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
991 - Woman as victim and terrorist: A reflection on the reasons for joining European women to ISIS
Yousof Qorashi Fatemeh AhmadnejadWhy European women join ISIS? This question at the beginning of ISIS emergence in the Middle East was a concern for many Muslim communities and their families, and answering to this question gradually became evident by declaring the formation of the Islamic caliphate an MoreWhy European women join ISIS? This question at the beginning of ISIS emergence in the Middle East was a concern for many Muslim communities and their families, and answering to this question gradually became evident by declaring the formation of the Islamic caliphate and joining more Muslim women to it. In this regard, a handful of research institutes published reports linking ISIS and women, but scientifically, feasible literature did not produce. This made it necessary for initiating an article on the purpose of examining the reasons for joining European women to ISIS. The hypothesis of the article is that women consider herself as victims and joining ISIS based on reasons such as isolation and the lack of sense of belonging to Western culture, oppression and injustice towards the Muslim nation, reaction to the indifference of the international community, and ultimately the establishment of Islamic Utopia. These cases are being examined in the light of Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory of terrorism. It is presumed that the phenomenon of ISIS is simultaneously considered as a terrorist organization and a government to rely on it to explain the roles of ISIS women. These roles represent the alternatives for women to escape the strains imposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
992 - Investigating the Political Participation of Women in the Process of Formation, Stabilization and Continuation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran
قادر زارع مهدوی محمود نقدی پور مصطفی نجفیThe purpose of this paper is to examine the socio-political participation of women in the process of formation and continuation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In fact, we are trying to examine the role of women in the Islamic revolution of Iran and in the course of MoreThe purpose of this paper is to examine the socio-political participation of women in the process of formation and continuation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In fact, we are trying to examine the role of women in the Islamic revolution of Iran and in the course of the continuation of the revolution. The question arises as to how women played a role in the formation and continuation of the Islamic revolution? In response, it should be said that the role and participation of women in the formation and continuation of the revolution have been in the form of three types of participatory participation, traditional participation and modern participation. We can observe the mobilization of participation and traditional participation in the formation of revolution and in a time like sacred defense, and we can observe modern participation after the sacred defense and the entry of women into the political, economic and social arenas of the country.The purpose of this paper is to examine the socio-political participation of women in the process of formation and continuation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. In fact, we are trying to examine the role of women in the Islamic revolution of Iran and in the course of the continuation of the revolution. The question arises as to how women played a role in the formation and continuation of the Islamic revolution? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
993 - The theory of Feminism and its Impacts on the United Nations Actions The theory of Feminism and its Impacts on the United Nations Actions In Support of Women’s Right
Soraya TayebiThe United Nation as the most important international organization, has played a very important role in promoting the status of women in the world, and since its inception, it has placed women’s rights on its agenda and through the adoption of resolutions, declara MoreThe United Nation as the most important international organization, has played a very important role in promoting the status of women in the world, and since its inception, it has placed women’s rights on its agenda and through the adoption of resolutions, declaration, covenants, conventions and holding international conferences and meetings, it has taken effective steps in this regard. The theory of feminism, specially liberal feminism which is considered in the framework of critical theories of international relations, and is one of the main concerns of those who believe in this movement has attempt to put an end to gender inequality and in support of women’s rights, it has helped the united nations to take effective actions to promote women’s status in the world. The present paper seeks to assess the relationship between feminist theory and its impacts on UN actions and in general, the role that this critical approach has placed in promoting the status of women and protecting women’s rights. In line with the subject, raised in this paper, the research question is how feminist approach has been able to influence the United Nations actions to protect women’s rights. In response, it seems that this critical approach from the very beginning of the United Nations had been able to take effective actions in achieving the desired goals and status of women’s rights, in light of Security Council resolution, 1325. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
994 - The position of women's political rights in the Charter of Citizenship Rights
mohsen emami qashlaq arezo hoseiniePolitical rights mean that a person can participate in the socio-political life of his country by electing rulers, political officials, or in holding political and social jobs in his country, or expressing his ideas well in free assemblies; Thus, the Charter of Citizens MorePolitical rights mean that a person can participate in the socio-political life of his country by electing rulers, political officials, or in holding political and social jobs in his country, or expressing his ideas well in free assemblies; Thus, the Charter of Citizenship Rights reflects the government's concern in raising public awareness of citizenship rights and institutionalizing respect for human rights. In this regard, one of the most important issues of the Charter of Citizenship is the issue of women's rights. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to review and analyze the degree of attention to women's citizenship rights in the dictionary of the Charter of Citizenship Rights. The above study shows that women's citizenship rights have been considered to an acceptable extent in the Charter of Citizenship Rights. However, there is no guarantee of proper implementation on the one hand and some practical and executive challenges on the other hand. Has faced serious obstacles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
995 - A Study and Analysis of the Developments of Women's Political and Social Rights in Iran
foziye keshavarz hamid zarabi korush ostovarsangari babak baseriWomen's rights are more in the spotlight today than ever before in human societies and political and social institutions, which, if not addressed, will create many problems in societies, regardless of the damage to women's physical and mental health. They make up half o MoreWomen's rights are more in the spotlight today than ever before in human societies and political and social institutions, which, if not addressed, will create many problems in societies, regardless of the damage to women's physical and mental health. They make up half of the world's population. The oppression and injustice that has historically been imposed on women's society has led international and domestic legislators to enact laws and regulations to prevent such oppression and to protect women's rights in all areas; Iran is no exception to this rule. In Iran, with the Constitutional Revolution in 1304 AH, the first constitution was written and despite the efforts of women in the emergence of this movement, the first constitution and its amendment did not mention women, but later ordinary laws were passed on women. They laid down. With the victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1978, the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran paid more attention to women's rights and the family was considered a fundamental and sacred institution, and the Islamic Consultative Assembly passed more and more laws on women's political and social rights. We are also witnessing positive changes in Iranian laws regarding women; In this article, with the method of descriptive-analytical research, an attempt has been made to express the changes in the legislation of Iran regarding women, from Qajar to the present day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
996 - Investigating the Impact of Women's Political, Social and Cultural Participation on Political Development in Markazi Province in 2006-2017
Forozan Keyvanfar Mohammad Hossein Pouriani Hassan KhairiBy studying the participation of women in the history of societies, we find that women in most countries in different levels of participation، They did not have a major participation and their participation was usually at a low and middle level of political, social, cul MoreBy studying the participation of women in the history of societies, we find that women in most countries in different levels of participation، They did not have a major participation and their participation was usually at a low and middle level of political, social, cultural and economic activities, so it is necessary to examine the relationship between their presence and participation in different areas of society and its direct impact on political development. It is impossible for any society to achieve development without considering the conditions for women's participation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of women's participation and political development in Markazi province during the period of 2006-2017. The research was conducted by survey and the cluster sampling method from the statistical population of 448226 adult women For 18 years, the sample size has been determined based on Cochran's formula of 383 people. As a result of examining and testing the hypotheses of this research with the help of valid documents and the results of testing the hypotheses, there is a significant and direct relationship between the dependent variables of women's political, cultural, social participation and political development. Whenever women have awareness, security, trust, social capital, gender justice in the family and society, they have had a serious and active participation in all the mentioned fields, following the growth of civil society and overcoming obstacles. Political development has been observed according to the available documents, women's participation in Markazi province in the mentioned decade, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
997 - A critical analysis of the relationship between gender and politics in the discourse of the Islamic Republic and the Pahlavi era
sara soleimani ahoeiمطالبات حقوقی و مقایسه وضعیت حقوقی و اجتماعی زنان در قالب کتاب ها و مقالات متعددی همواره این دغدغه را مطرح نموده است که چرا در جوامع کمتر توسعه یافته در مقابل حضور زنان در عرصه های سیاسی مقاومت هایی صورت می گیرد و اجازه این بروز و ظهور داده نمی شود. شاید بتوان گفت جنسیت Moreمطالبات حقوقی و مقایسه وضعیت حقوقی و اجتماعی زنان در قالب کتاب ها و مقالات متعددی همواره این دغدغه را مطرح نموده است که چرا در جوامع کمتر توسعه یافته در مقابل حضور زنان در عرصه های سیاسی مقاومت هایی صورت می گیرد و اجازه این بروز و ظهور داده نمی شود. شاید بتوان گفت جنسیت و سیاست در بستر گفتمان های حاکم با روش تحلیل انتقادی گفتمان مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته و امید است با یافته های جدید در این خصوص و شناخت بیشتر از وضعیت زنان و مردان بتوان اکت های اجتماعی جدیدی در راستای برابری اجتماعی و سیاسی در ایران پیشنهاد شود. شایان ذکر است بررسی مواردی از اکت های سیاسی از جمله حق رای، حق انتخاب شدن و کاندیداتوری، اخذ پست های سیاسی، حضور زنان و نقش آفرینی زنان در محیط های نظامی و ... در دستور کار این پژوهش قرار داد. این پژوهش از نوع بنیادی و روش کیفی و با استفاده از روش مطالعه اسنادی و تکنیک تحلیل گفتمان انجام خواهد شد و به دنبال روش و نگرشی خواهم بود که هم تبیینی برای چگونگی نقش جنسیت در سیاست و هم ساز و کارهای لازم برای تحلیل متون مدنظر را در اختیار قرار دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
998 - Factor affecting the rural woman's socio-economic status
Tahere Maleki Mohana Shahmoradi Ali A Mirakzadeh Elham Najafi Kakavand Jeiran ChamCham -
Open Access Article
999 - Sociological analysis of social status discrimination of women's sports
mohammad javad rahbari baris حسن قاسمعلی پور Bahram Ghadimi tayebeh zargarThe purpose of this research is to analyze the sociological discrimination of the social status of women's sports. The present research method is qualitative and exploratory. The research strategy in this study was the Glazer Method Foundation data analysis. The statist MoreThe purpose of this research is to analyze the sociological discrimination of the social status of women's sports. The present research method is qualitative and exploratory. The research strategy in this study was the Glazer Method Foundation data analysis. The statistical population included specialists and experts such as professors in the field of sociology, sports sociology, women's sports officials in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The sampling method was used as non-probability sampling, with targeted selection and with maximum diversity or heterogeneity. The sample size in this research was equal to 16 people based on the theoretical saturation index. The measurement tool was an open interview and was analyzed based on three stages of open, central and selective coding by analyzing the text of the interviews and after conceptualization in the open coding stage, 60 primary concepts (first level) and 13 secondary themes (level 2) and 4 main themes of unequal gender opportunities, gender justice infrastructures, unfamiliar gender norms and social barriers based on gender (third level) were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1000 - Investigating the Relationship between Women's Personality- Cultural Traits and Preference in Selecting the Style of Accessories
Maryam Mounesi Sorkheh Kosar Salehi MourkaniThe purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between women’s personality- cultural traits and the preference in selecting the styles of accessories. The statistical population included the 20 t0 35 years old female residents in Tehran downtown and up MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between women’s personality- cultural traits and the preference in selecting the styles of accessories. The statistical population included the 20 t0 35 years old female residents in Tehran downtown and uptown in 2023. The sample subsumed 369 women whom were selected via convenient sampling procedure. To collect data Styles Accessories Questionnaire and Personality Traits Check Lists were implemented. The results indicated that individuals with the trait of extroversion welcome the casual style because of its simplicity and their second priority was classic style. Females with the trait of agreement and compatibility, since they didn't want to distance themselves from the ongoing traditions, they felt more comfortable with classic and casual style in the first priorities. Individuals with high conscientiousness, classic and formal style was their first priority and romantic style was their second priority. And due to the importance of order and specific principles, the use of avant-garde style was the last priority. Subjects with high neuroticism preferred the casual style because it was easy to wear and the romantic style because of its more elegance. And individuals with the trait of accepting new experiences selected casual and vintage styles. According to the findings, it could be reported that the society, especially women and girls, pay more and more attention to the use of accessories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1001 - A meta-combination of qualitative studies in the field of happiness of women in Iran
mohsen niazi Atiye Rezayi Ali FarhadianHappy women, wives and mothers strengthen the family unit at the micro level and inject happiness into society at the macro level; Because a happy person is an innovative, efficient, productive, creative and constructive person. Therefore, recognizing happiness is an un MoreHappy women, wives and mothers strengthen the family unit at the micro level and inject happiness into society at the macro level; Because a happy person is an innovative, efficient, productive, creative and constructive person. Therefore, recognizing happiness is an undeniable and indisputable necessity in today's world. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting women's happiness and design a model of factors affecting women's happiness. The research community is the articles of authoritative scientific-research journals related to the subject, which have been published during the years 1300-1400. The research sample was 13 standard research articles which were selected and reviewed from 92 articles after ranking them. The research method was qualitative and meta-combined. After extracting the factors affecting women's happiness, the results showed that, in the mentioned articles 61 concepts were identified and approved by experts in the field of women and family. Finally, the concepts were classified into 5 main categories of individual, society, family, social capital and lifestyle and their sub-categories and were explained as factors affecting women's happiness and presented in the form of a model. The findings indicated that, the presented analytical model for the factors affecting women's happiness was compatible with Maslow's pyramid of needs hierarchy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1002 - Determining and Prioritizing Dimensions and Indicators of Women's Managerial and Professional Capabilities (Case study of research and Education Organization Affiliated to Khuzestan Governorate)
Zenab Ghodadadi Gholam Hossein Barekat Sakineh ShahiThe successful and effective performance of professional management positions in organizations requires a set of competencies, skills, abilities and special characteristics. On the other hand, taking advantage of the capacity of women and men in executive positions is c MoreThe successful and effective performance of professional management positions in organizations requires a set of competencies, skills, abilities and special characteristics. On the other hand, taking advantage of the capacity of women and men in executive positions is considered an essential need for the development of society. Therefore, the presence of women in management positions improves the performance of the country's management and organizations; Therefore, the use of women's capacity can also leave favorable results in the management field of the country. Based on this, the main goal of this research was to determine and prioritize the dimensions and indicators of managerial capabilities and professional qualifications of women in Khuzestan governorate. The research method of this research was based on the purpose of applied type, according to the method of data collection, it was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all employees and experts of Khuzestan Governorate (200 people), the sample size of which was 119 people and were selected by random sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was calculated using the face validity method and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89. Descriptive statistics with SPSS24 software and inferential structural equation approach with AMOS software were used for data analysis. The results showed that there are 5 levels and 15 indicators in relation to women's managerial abilities and professional qualifications, which at the first level (determination of basic strategic advantages, strategic analysis and strategic pathfinding); Second level (professional knowledge and professional commitment); at the third level (leadership and identification of obstacles to the entry of women); They were in the fourth level (research sufficiency, technological sufficiency, global and international political sufficiency and professional practice) and in the fifth level (social sufficiency, cultural sufficiency and economic sufficiency). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1003 - The lived experience of management in order to transfer implicit knowledge of management to women managers
faranak mosaviLived experience of management in order to transfer tacit knowledge of management for womenThe purpose of this research is to express and analyze the experiences of holding the post of vice president in the two areas of educational vice president and student vice presid MoreLived experience of management in order to transfer tacit knowledge of management for womenThe purpose of this research is to express and analyze the experiences of holding the post of vice president in the two areas of educational vice president and student vice president in the Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah branch with the method of narrative analysis with a narrative self-exploration approach that can be used in the category of ethnographic research from the category of ethnographic research. And also categorized with the approach of feminism with emphasis on women's experience. This research has a qualitative and phenomenological approach. This narrative is retrospective in terms of time and pragmatism in terms of perspective. The data source of this research is the author's experiences, memories, efforts and records from university management at the highest level, which is arranged in the narrative style. The population and statistical sample of this research is a female member of the academic staff of Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah branch, who has the experience of two management positions at the level of vice president of the university. The findings of the research show that the management position for women brings unique capabilities and limitations and experiences.Lived experience of management in order to transfer tacit knowledge of management for womenThe purpose of this research is to express and analyze the experiences of holding the post of vice president in the two areas of educational vice president and student vice president in the Islamic Azad University of Kermanshah branch with the method of narrative analysis with a narrative self-exploration approach that can be used in the category of ethnographic research from the category of ethnographic research. And also categorized with the approach of feminism with emphasis on women's experience. This research has a qualitative and phenomenological approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1004 - Investigating the Relationship between Social Violence and Violence Against Women in Cyber Space (Case Study: Women 20-45 years old in Tehran)
Bahareh Hemat pour Reza Ali Mohseni Amir masoud Amir MazaheriThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship between social link and violence against women in cyberspace among women aged 20 to 45 years in Tehran using a scrolling method. In the framework of the theoretical framework, theories such as social link theory, g MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the relationship between social link and violence against women in cyberspace among women aged 20 to 45 years in Tehran using a scrolling method. In the framework of the theoretical framework, theories such as social link theory, group matching and cyber violence have been used. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size is 386 people who have been selected and studied by multistage cluster sampling. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made combination questionnaire. The findings of the hypothesis test on the relationship between variables indicate that, along with the increase in the social bond of women and the family attachment of violence against women, the results of regression analysis also indicate that the social involvement variable is more than Other variables affect violence against women Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1005 - The effect of quality of life on fertility of women working in welfare in Tehran province
Bita Azizi Mohammad javad Ghaedmohammady Quality of life is a topic that has been considered the most important issue in the twentieth century. With the socio-economic development of countries and the twentieth century. With the socio- economic development of countries and the advancem More Quality of life is a topic that has been considered the most important issue in the twentieth century. With the socio-economic development of countries and the twentieth century. With the socio- economic development of countries and the advancement of humanities, technology has gradually become more prosperous, and since it is a complex, complex and multidimensional issue capable of doing work, health, well- being, and mental well- being, this research it sought to answer, as far as possible, the main research question of the impact of quality of life on fertility of women working in welfare organization of Tehran province. To achieve this, a descriptive- analytic method was used and the quality of life questionnaire was used in the statistical population (all married women in the welfare organization of Tehran province (aged 15 to 45 years). The results of the current research suggest that quality of life is associated with fertility, so that as quality of life increased, beliefs are reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1006 - Investigating economic factors on women's social health
rangin negar karamzadehPublic health, including levels of social skills and social performance and the ability to recognize oneself as a member of a larger community .in our country , women are employed . Employed women who are trying to economically self-reliant and welfare . This study aime MorePublic health, including levels of social skills and social performance and the ability to recognize oneself as a member of a larger community .in our country , women are employed . Employed women who are trying to economically self-reliant and welfare . This study aimed to assess the socio -economic factors affecting the health of women employees of Tehran municipality and also offer ways to reduce or dissolve the problems they , have been done. The research method was descriptive and correlational analysis was conducted through a survey . The statistical This study included all women employees of Tehran municipality of over 400 people. According to the calculation in the formula , a sample size of 100 patients is obtained. In this study, the sampling interval is a systematic random sampling method . A questionnaire was used to gather information and . All of the above methods, spss be done through software . The findings from this study suggest that economic factors such as the probability of more than 99% of the employees are related to women's health . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1007 - The role of women's political participation in the process of sustainable development (in the three governments: reformist, Fundamentalist and moderate)
Behrang Sadighi Pardis AmeriAbstract Due to the increasing participation of members of the society, it is necessary to analyze the women participation in every aspects as a half of the population of the country. This research is about to answer the generalized questions: How is the representation MoreAbstract Due to the increasing participation of members of the society, it is necessary to analyze the women participation in every aspects as a half of the population of the country. This research is about to answer the generalized questions: How is the representation of women’s rule in political participation development in developmental documents of the I.R.R and in authorities point of wives, by analyzing role of women’s political participation in the sustainable development process, according to the qualities of the representation of this rule by its level of importance. According to the results, reasons of women not getting involved into the political participations is beyond law and policy, processing research data collected by theoretical sampling in 3 deferent governments in IRAN reveals that there are 10 major and 24 more sub-topics about participations of women in sustainable developments in cultural, social, legal and governmental aspects. In summary this research has been achieved "the process of grey upheaval" by examining this zone and mainstream changes in deferent political and social time gaps. According to the results, confusions are seen in the gender mainstreaming in the country, which could be explained by this theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1008 - A Sociological Study of the Relationship between Social Support, Social Confidence, and Economic and Social Base of People with Women's Social Health in Khesht Province Fars
سیده مرضیه عابدی علی بقایی سرایی میثم موسایی بهرام قدیمیOne of the important issues in development today is social health, which along with physical, mental and spiritual health has found a wide role and importance; In a way that health is no longer just being free from physical and mental illnesses, but also how a person fu MoreOne of the important issues in development today is social health, which along with physical, mental and spiritual health has found a wide role and importance; In a way that health is no longer just being free from physical and mental illnesses, but also how a person functions in social relations and how he thinks about society is also one of the criteria for assessing a person's health in society. Social health is influenced by social conditions of society. One of the most important issues in development today is social health, which has played a significant role alongside physical, mental and spiritual health. Health has a wide meaning and its definition is influenced by the level of awareness and attitude of societies with different geographical and cultural conditions. This study sought to study the sociological relationship between social support, social trust and economic and social status of individuals Among Women between the ages of 18 and 60 in the khesht city of Fars province. The theoretical approaches of this study are based on the theories of Keyes social health, Fischer and Tardy social support, and Fukuyama social trust. Method, survey, and data collection tools were standard questionnaires made by Keiz and esearcher. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and LISREL software. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between independent variables and women's social health. Also, the result of the structural equation model was that as social support increased, women's social capital increased, and as social capital increased, so did their social health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1009 - The role urban management on women’s social security in the public places (sample research: municipality, region 8)
Tahereh Vousugh Akram Naserie FardAbstract: Women consist of half of the society; therefore, there is a need to managers for planning and designing to care about all aspects and people, because the places without control and supervision cause some problem for management and MoreAbstract: Women consist of half of the society; therefore, there is a need to managers for planning and designing to care about all aspects and people, because the places without control and supervision cause some problem for management and urban officials. Hence, recognition and pathology such spaces have deep effect on the reduction of urban crime and creating security among citizenry on side, the increasing meaningful co-ownership. Therefore, we have dealt with investigating the role of urban management on social security feeling of women in this research. The statistical population was geographic area of 8th region of district and all women who were resident were in this statistical population. For determination of sample volume, we used Cochran method. According to this sampling estimate, they were 176 persons. Research tool was questionnaire. Obtained data with the use of SPSS software was analyzed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1010 - Analysis of the status of women's entrepreneurship in the Islamic Republic of Iran
iman jafarinasab mashalah valikhani dehaghaniIn recent years women in entrepreneurial activity is very considerable, given the scope of the employment of women in terms of growth and development of their talents and abilities of women, but also according to their family roles is very important. In fact, women in t MoreIn recent years women in entrepreneurial activity is very considerable, given the scope of the employment of women in terms of growth and development of their talents and abilities of women, but also according to their family roles is very important. In fact, women in the work, usually as children, spouses and family management activity and activism and being a mother to have more to them than men harder. Islam believes in equality of the sexes in many directions and instructions given on the employment status of women in society and in the workplace is to be maintained. The aim of this paper is to sort the issue of women's entrepreneurship in the Islamic Republic examine to determine its strengths and weaknesses with this analysis. What the Iranian women's entrepreneurship few years ago and felt the need to analyze this matter.In the meantime, after the revolution, the Islamic Republic's efforts for entry of women into the labor market and, of course, has done entrepreneurship and job creation that we've discussed in this article. It seems that the government of the Islamic Republic of fewer jobs for women have shown great entrepreneurship. The aim of this study was to analyze the pathology of women's entrepreneurship in the Islamic Republic with a view to scientific thought and action take advantage of half of the population to be determined. Our research is descriptive-analytic method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1011 - An Analysis of the concessions to and severities in penalties for women in the Iranian Penal Code (pre and post- Islamic Revolution)
Afsaneh Mirian Masoumeh ReshadAbstract This study aimed to investigate the concessions to and severities in penalties for women in Iranian Penal Code (pre and post- Islamic Revolution). This research was conducted using qualitative content analysis of the Penal Code to compare pre and post-revolutio MoreAbstract This study aimed to investigate the concessions to and severities in penalties for women in Iranian Penal Code (pre and post- Islamic Revolution). This research was conducted using qualitative content analysis of the Penal Code to compare pre and post-revolutionary penalties imposed on women. Data was collected through a literature review of sources from libraries and documents in the context of Iran's penal code penalties for women. The purpose of reviewing this resource was to extract the elements of relevant disputes, to take notes, and then analyze them. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method of research based on the Islamic Penal Code which started with a review of the code, providing definitions of the penalties, followed by a discussion on the concessions to and severities in penalties and an identification of various elements of relevant disputes and finally the collected data was analyzed by means of content analysis. The results showed that in order to maintain and promote the status of women in Iran, a set of actions, movements and efforts has been made in order to improve laws related to women at all levels from the beginning of the Islamic Revolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1012 - College Women's role in prevention of injury community family
Narges Babakhani Haniyeh Badieii Sahar PakdamanAbstract This study is examined the effects of women employment in Roudehen Islamic Azad University on the family economic, social, educational and cultural damage in prevention of family community injury. The research method is survey. To achieve this objective from, MoreAbstract This study is examined the effects of women employment in Roudehen Islamic Azad University on the family economic, social, educational and cultural damage in prevention of family community injury. The research method is survey. To achieve this objective from, the staff and faculty women of Roudehen Islamic Azad University, 100 people (40 officers, 60 teachers) were selected through stratified random sampling method. They were testing the questionnaire was made by the researcher. This includes components, family relationships, child education, Family economics and mental health. Accepted Reliability was 0.82. Hypotheses were tested in statistical analysis (descriptive and inferential) statistical methods (One T Test). The Result Shows The presence of women in the university have positive effects on Family relationships, child education, economic and welfare family status, and their mental health in prevention of families' social injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1013 - Sociological approach to women’s politics in the early Islam
الهه ضابطی اکبر معصومه رشادHalf of human society is composed of women who play a critical role in society formation. Women’s position in the early Islam demonstrate that they have been actively involved in social, economical, scientific, political and even defending affairs and along with p MoreHalf of human society is composed of women who play a critical role in society formation. Women’s position in the early Islam demonstrate that they have been actively involved in social, economical, scientific, political and even defending affairs and along with preservation of their magnanimous and purity, they have been successful in many cases. This research is done to explore sociological participation of women Muslims in the early Islam from time of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) to Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) uprising (the year of 62 Lunar Hijri) to reach the scientific achievement of the extent and effective role of women in Islamic society. It uses historical documents studying and the method of gathering information in attributional. The conclusions of this study depict that women did not have a prominent position before the Islam and were deprived of many of their humanistic rights and with the emergence of Islam, a holistic transformation was made in women’s prestige and position in a way that in different fields such as fealty, Hejira and defense of Imams, they were helpers of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) and Imam of time as well as men. Besides, Islam agrees with the political and social presence of women in society; however to preserve the family and women’s dignity and prevention of being abused, Islam has set a framework for women presence in society which the most important of them are having Hijab and purity and attending the women relationships with men in social activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1014 - The relationship between social intelligence and social health among women working in Karaj Welfare Organization in 2014
Maryam Ajourlou Habib allah AghabakhshiAbstract The purpose of conducting the present study was to investigate the relationship between social intelligence and social health among women working in Karaj Welfare Organization. In the present study, using random sampling 170 women working in Karaj Welfare Organ MoreAbstract The purpose of conducting the present study was to investigate the relationship between social intelligence and social health among women working in Karaj Welfare Organization. In the present study, using random sampling 170 women working in Karaj Welfare Organization in 2015 were selected as sample group and provided with Tet social intelligence (2008) and Keynesian social health questionnaires. For data analysis, statistical methods of Pearson correlation coefficient test and regression analysis have been used. The results obtained in this study show that a significant relationship is found between emotional intelligence and social health among women working in Karaj Welfare Organization (P> 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1015 - Impact on attitudes to motherhood of women's social adjustment of status (married women of Tehran downtown area "6 and 7")
Fateme kakoei habibe aghabakhshiThe sampling method is simple random sampling. In order to measure women's social adjustment Social Adjustment Scale (SAS) was used.There is a significant relationship between women and motherhood in social attitudes. Consensual relationships between people and tends to MoreThe sampling method is simple random sampling. In order to measure women's social adjustment Social Adjustment Scale (SAS) was used.There is a significant relationship between women and motherhood in social attitudes. Consensual relationships between people and tends to be a mother, there is a significant relationship. The social adjustment of status after marriage roles as wives and mothers tend to have a meaningful relationship. Satisfying social relationships between the parents of the child (a girl) and there is a significant relationship tends to be a mother. After satisfying marriage between social role as wives and mothers tend to have a meaningful relationship. Satisfying the communication between the parents of the child (a girl) and there is a significant relationship tends to be a mother. Consensual relationship between the spouses after marriage and motherhood tends to have a meaningful relationship. The role of citizenship and social adjustment tends to be a mother, there is a significant relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1016 - Sociological study to establish shelters for abused women in Tehran's support
Parvaneh Bayati Tahmineh Shams MashhadiThis study was an exploratory study using qualitative methods and purpose of this survey was evaluation the potential of social support for women in domestic violence shelters located at Tehran. This research used the method of matrix MoreThis study was an exploratory study using qualitative methods and purpose of this survey was evaluation the potential of social support for women in domestic violence shelters located at Tehran. This research used the method of matrix analysis of the model determining strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats to the way strategic analysis (SWOT) and compare the strategy of internal and external factors together to provide strategies about transitional housing for women. The results showed Improved health-related policies in the prevention of domestic violence against women, Create a supportive environment, health centers, transitional housing, particularly increased government attention in human capital for women of domestic violence, Capacity of government and non-government use of public information laws legal support structures for women, Strengthening judicial institutions, social work and counseling in family courts, Strengthen the various sectors of society to participate in programs to create transitional housing for women, Women's empowerment in the face of problems and living a healthy life skills training can prevent or reduce the impact of violence against women cab be effective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1017 - شناخت جایگاه اجتماعی زنان در آثار تهمینه میلانی
Maryam Mahdilo Khalil Mirzaii Afsaneh VarastefarCinema is a distinguished art of twentieth century, and it is as a relatively new medium that is remembered as the seventh art, and at the same time it is a medium to sent same message to a lot of people.The purpose of this research was to identify the social position o MoreCinema is a distinguished art of twentieth century, and it is as a relatively new medium that is remembered as the seventh art, and at the same time it is a medium to sent same message to a lot of people.The purpose of this research was to identify the social position of women in Tahmineh Milani’s works. The research method was a qualitative one in terms of direction, it was a library and field one in terms of implementation. The study population included all Tahmine Milani’s works out of which seven films titled Two Women(1999), Hidden Half(2001), Fifth Reaction(2003), Surplus Women(2005), Ceasefire(2006), Avenge(2009), One of The Two of Us(2011) were selected by data-driven sampling method. The research tools were taking notes and interview and collected data were quantified and analyzed through content analysis. The results of this study demonstrated that women have a high rank in terms of income, education, using cultural products, acquisition interpersonal skills. And they have a strong social network and they do not be silent against violence and they react differently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1018 - Forecast of Mental Wellbeing and Public Health Based on the stress perceived by the mediation of his compassion in women athletes in Tehran
shadi Kabiri Aq Ziarat afsaneh taheri khadijeh abolmaali al hoseyniHaving health and vitality with exercise can provide the conditions for different work and activities of the people and succeed in different areas of life, whether professional or family environment. This requires an active life. Well -being refers to a sense of health MoreHaving health and vitality with exercise can provide the conditions for different work and activities of the people and succeed in different areas of life, whether professional or family environment. This requires an active life. Well -being refers to a sense of health that the complete awareness of the integrity and integrity that deals all aspects of the individual was the purpose of this study was to predict mental well -being and public health based on the stress perceived by their compassion in Tehran's athletes. This was a descriptive correlational study performed by structural equations. It was also practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study was all athletes referred to sports clubs in Tehran. 250 people were selected by available sampling method. Participants responded using a link to the mental well -being questionnaire, the public health questionnaire, their compassion questionnaire and the perceived stress scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation, and path analysis using SPSS and PLS software. In general, path analysis showed that compassion in the direction between stress and mental well -being did not have the ability to mediate. In addition, compassion had no role in the perceived sterile path to general health and body image to public health. And it can be concluded that women athletes probably managed their stress using coping strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1019 - A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy with Islamic approach based on Balance Selection on Quality of Life, Happiness, Life Satisfaction of Women Referred to Counseling Centers of Tehran
Monireh Kordloo جواد خلعتبری bagher sanaiThe purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy with Islamic approach based on Balance Selection on Quality of Life, Happiness, Life Satisfaction of women referred to counseling centers of Tehran psychological organizations. In this s MoreThe purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Positive Psychotherapy with Islamic approach based on Balance Selection on Quality of Life, Happiness, Life Satisfaction of women referred to counseling centers of Tehran psychological organizations. In this study, 42 subjects of married women referring to counseling centers of the Psychological Organization were randomly selected and divided into three groups of 14 each. The three questionnaires were SWLS for life satisfaction, SF-36 for quality of life, and Oxford questionnaire was given to the clients as pre-test and post-test. The control group received only pre-test and post-test without any intervention; the experimental groups were trained in a 12-session positive-balance method using an Islamic approach based on balance selection. After a few months, tests were repeated in two experimental groups to evaluate the reliability of treatment. The results of the comparisons indicated that the psychotherapy based on the positivist approach compared with the control group significantly increased the participants' scores on the scales of quality of life, happiness and satisfaction. Participants of the Islamic approach based on balance selection compared with the control group also showed a significant increase in scores of Quality of Life (p and happiness .There was a significant difference between the scores of the participants in the Islamic approach group based on the balance selection, and control in the follow-up and the satisfaction scores of the women in the Islamic approach group from the post-test to the follow-up significantly increased. Keyword: Positive Psychology, Islamic Approach Based on Balance Selection, Quality of Life, Life Satisfaction, Happiness and Married Women Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1020 - Psychometric properties of the Domestic Violence Questionnaire in women
Bahman ShafieeIntroduction and goal: Domestic violence, a type of relationship between the sexes is unusual and unconventional. Domestic violence, a phenomenon in which the woman due to the force of the man placed his gender. With the recent popularity, cost and consequences need to MoreIntroduction and goal: Domestic violence, a type of relationship between the sexes is unusual and unconventional. Domestic violence, a phenomenon in which the woman due to the force of the man placed his gender. With the recent popularity, cost and consequences need to address this problem is evident. Ineffective and inefficient methods of fighting against domestic violence, could be retaliation, angry a long time, leaving home and noted. And effective coping methods can be used to silence one of the parties, talking after relaxation, help seeking guidance from the elders visiting family counseling centers, bearing a mention. Questionnaire design how to deal with domestic violence on women is particularly important to reduce the side effects of domestic violence on women. This study aimed to determine the psychometric questionnaire designed to deal with domestic violence against women. Methods: In this study, the methodology, after a review of existing studies and literature, basic phrases and then design the questionnaire validity and reliability was determined using different methods. To determine the validity of the method of face validity, content validity and construct validity were used. The internal consistency reliability and test-retest methods through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intra-class correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: After reviewing the literature, the questionnaire's content validity. The results of exploratory factor analysis 69/34 Hara percent of variance explained. Reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0/82 and 0/81 Test-retest reliability coefficient. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of 32 words, how to deal with domestic violence against women was confirmed. This is a tool to measure how to deal with domestic violence on women used in other studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1021 - The impact of the functions of the Goddess Ashi on women in Shahnameh
zahra jamshidiAbstractAshi is one of the most significant mythological goddesses in Iran. In texts such as Avesta, Yasht, and Yasnas she is associated with different attributes namely, granting fortunes to Iranians ( association with wealth and blessing), helping friends, bring MoreAbstractAshi is one of the most significant mythological goddesses in Iran. In texts such as Avesta, Yasht, and Yasnas she is associated with different attributes namely, granting fortunes to Iranians ( association with wealth and blessing), helping friends, bringing horse and blessings from foreign lands to Iranians, connection with women and their influence over them. Since Shahnameh has a mythological substructure one can witness the reflection of functions and the characteristics of the mythological figures in certain characters of Shahnameh tales. A fine example is the impact of Ashi’s functions on the performance of influential and outstanding women in Shahnameh. Using the descriptive analytic method this study is an attempt to compare the deeds of women such as Faranak, Farangis, Jarireh, Homay Chehrazad, Rumi Kanizak, and Pourandokht with the outstanding characteristic features of the goddess Ashi. The results obtained show that their deeds are the repetition of Ashi’s actions and missions. In fact these women are the repetition of the mythological image of Ashi in the Shahnameh text. Reflection upon the characteristics of the above mentioned women reveal that among the different deeds of Ashi, confering fortune and blessing are the main attributes reaching these women, and more often these rewards are in conncection with kingdom or coming into power of a king or a warrior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1022 - The Study of the theme of horse stealing and its connection with rain, and fertility in epic literature
Ali tavassoli محمود رضایی دشت ارژنهAbstract The world of myth and legend is a world filled with mysteries, symbols, and enigmas that since the 19th century onwards with the advent of different mythological approaches, attempt was made to throw light on the obscurities found in the wonderland of myth MoreAbstract The world of myth and legend is a world filled with mysteries, symbols, and enigmas that since the 19th century onwards with the advent of different mythological approaches, attempt was made to throw light on the obscurities found in the wonderland of myths and to reveal their symbolic deep structure. Using descriptive analytic method, this research is concerned with the study of the subject of horse, a perplexing theme quite distinct in the realm of myths, in epics both in prose and verse. It became clear that horse, alongside cow and woman is the symbol of rain. Owning a horse equates having rain at hand, and losing it equates drought. Horses such as Rakhsh, and Shabrang-e-Behzad are often stolen by demons and one task of Gods or warriors is to return the horses to the Persian Land, as these horses were taken to Turan land at times. According to numerous evidence it can be understood that horse stealing, like stealing cow and woman in myths and beliefs, are the symbol of stealing rain, and their return is the symbol of rainfall. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1023 - Comparison and analysis of women’s language in eight tales taken from Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh and Moulana’s Masnavi
leila mirzaii Abdolhosein Farzad Amirhosein MahooziFerdowsi’s Shahnameh and Moulana’s Masnavi are among the most influential works in Persian literature. Having narrative structure they could well be compared with one another. Bakhtin, Russian theorist introduces the concept of multilingualism in the d MoreFerdowsi’s Shahnameh and Moulana’s Masnavi are among the most influential works in Persian literature. Having narrative structure they could well be compared with one another. Bakhtin, Russian theorist introduces the concept of multilingualism in the domain of narrative as a substructure of polyphony, however does not include epic and poetic meter in this category. The main question of this research is that if there were linguistic layers in these two versified narrative works, to what extent each employed polyphony and what had been the impact of this feature on the two works. The study of women’s language in the above tales seen from the perspective of polyphony show that although some of Bakhtin’s linguistic genres are found in women’s certain language, however women in Shahnameh share this characteristic far more than their Masnavi counterparts, and therefore Ferdowsi had surpassed Moulana in employing polyphony for characterization of women in the tales. Moreover, this study further differentiates between the outlook of these two great poets regarding women and the origin of the tales. In Shahnameh women are dialogue orientated whereas in Masnavi they mostly remain silent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1024 - Bipolar Readings concerning Shahnameh in expressing two entities of woman and peace
mehri behfarIn the last decades we are faced with the paradoxical readings of Shahnameh in particular concernig two aspects of woman and peace. Regardless of the spirit of the time of composition of the work, and the exigency of the literary genre, one takes Shahnameh to the MoreIn the last decades we are faced with the paradoxical readings of Shahnameh in particular concernig two aspects of woman and peace. Regardless of the spirit of the time of composition of the work, and the exigency of the literary genre, one takes Shahnameh to the extreme of the feministic approach while the other regards it as a totally anti feministic work. Merely based on the narrator’s contemplations one regards Shahnameh as a work in protest of war whereas another relying on the fabricated evidence regards it not only in praise of warship but also regards it in favor of massacre. The research introduces this type of criticism by giving its definition, revealing its methods, approaches and its special style, and also provides analysis from different perspectives referring to the reason behind its appearance. The conclusion is that although at first glance bipolar readings seem unrelated and contradictory, yet in fact they emerge from one unique circumstance, have considerable resemblances with one another, one is the consequence of the other. By nature they are not able to converse with one another nor with the text under criticism and merely are bound within a vicious circle. This research shows that in fact bipolar readings regarding Shahnameh run a proxy war and instead of revealing a truth from the text, implicitly represent a modern experience and a special circumstance from the contemporary Iran. Belief in truth and functionality of tradition and its denial, wishing for Iran’s unity and its reverse, belief in the historical truth of Iran’s Unity and its opposite are some examples of the bipolar readings which has its roots in the emotional and mental behavior of a bipolar society whose history on one hand and its experience in facing the new era on the other hand has turned it into a pessopotimist or rather its pessooptimism prepared the ground for its confrontation with the world and the text. Finally the research explains why Shahnameh lends itself to this type of criticism and points to the meaning inherent in Shahnameh they all acknowledge, and hereby gives a new understanding of the cultural nature and the unique standpoint of Shahnameh in the Persian culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1025 - Statistical Analysis of social standpoint of women in Shahnameh
Somayeh Bakhshandeh ZahmatiThe purpose of this article is to recognize the social standpoint of women in Shahnameh by answering the following questions: -What was the social standpoint of women in the Sassanid era in Shahnameh? -Among the women, who has occupied the highest social position? -What MoreThe purpose of this article is to recognize the social standpoint of women in Shahnameh by answering the following questions: -What was the social standpoint of women in the Sassanid era in Shahnameh? -Among the women, who has occupied the highest social position? -What was Ferdousi’s standpoint towards women and her position as a man in a male-dominated society of the 4th and 5th century? The statistical society in this research includes all women in Shahnameh from renowned influential characters to less influential ones goddesses and witches. For more precision and also representation of new scientific data, among the statistical examples two groups Iranian women and non-Iranian ones have been chosen. Social standpoint, the only variant in this study with two features of social credit, and seeking consultation were analyzed. After collecting the data via library –documentary approach, using the method of “content analysis” the data was analyzed, interpreted and the final result was determined. Despite being in a patriarchal society at the time, both groups of women enjoyed high social position, the non-Iranian ones occupied slightly higher positions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1026 - An investigation and comparison of the images of men and women In Dehkhoda’s Amsal-o-Hekan
Nahid ShamlouA research of this genre is one of the ways that can shed some light on the condition and position of men and women in the eyes of the people. This article strives to answer the following questions: How are men and women depicted in “Proverbs and Mottos&rdqu MoreA research of this genre is one of the ways that can shed some light on the condition and position of men and women in the eyes of the people. This article strives to answer the following questions: How are men and women depicted in “Proverbs and Mottos”? How are their images regarding sexual clichés or conventional beliefs represented? What characteristics are given to their mannerisms? Are there any conventional biased beliefs towards them? If so, what is expected of them? Dehkhoda’s “Proverbs and Mottos’ (Amsal- o Hekam) covers 2604 pages in four volumes and contains 22134 proverbs and wise sayings. In general in this book one bears witness to the overall approval of the conventional beliefs. The results of this investigation are fully discussed in the text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1027 - Arnavaz and Shahrnaz A search for the origin of these names in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Pariya ZavarehianArnavaz and Shahrnaz’s character, the enviable Jamshid’s sisters in Shahnameh has mythological roots in Avesta, the great religious book in the Ancient Persia. Although out of twenty one sections of Avesta, only five has remained today giving little in MoreArnavaz and Shahrnaz’s character, the enviable Jamshid’s sisters in Shahnameh has mythological roots in Avesta, the great religious book in the Ancient Persia. Although out of twenty one sections of Avesta, only five has remained today giving little information about these two royalties, nevertheless by putting together the contents of Avesta and Arabic translations of the Middle Persian texts, and also small yet mysterious hints made by the great Ferdowsi regarding these two characters one can depict a clear picture of them and illustrate their influential role in giving rise to different generations. In this article attempt is made not only to highlight this picture, but also to draw attention to the key role played by women in Shahnameh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1028 - The elements of the story of virtuous woman in Attar’s Elahi Nameh
Fatemeh EmamiVirtuous woman is the title of the first story from the first article taken from the first Attar’s Masnavi, Elahi Nameh. It is a story with 309 couplets and is considered the third longest after the story of “Sheikh Sanaan”, and “Rabee&rdqu MoreVirtuous woman is the title of the first story from the first article taken from the first Attar’s Masnavi, Elahi Nameh. It is a story with 309 couplets and is considered the third longest after the story of “Sheikh Sanaan”, and “Rabee” in Attar’s Masnavis. The criticism and investigation of this story could penetrate into obscure corners of Attar’s art of storytelling. The purpose of this article is to analyze the different elements of the story of the virtuous woman and investigate the technique of defamiliarization in order to throw some light on the structure of storytelling used by Attar. The most significant analytical points, expressing the genealogy of the story, studying different elements of the story such as, point of view, character and characterization, plot, language, tone, and theme made possible the outcome of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1029 - Relationship between symptoms of obsession and interpersonal ambivalence and revenge in women 20 to 40-year-old living in Tehran
atefe maleki azam farahbijari mitra sepassiObsessive compulsive disorder is one of the severe and disabling psychiatric disorders that often causes waste of time, and significant problems in the usual process of life, job performance, social activities and personal relationships. The aim of this study was to exa MoreObsessive compulsive disorder is one of the severe and disabling psychiatric disorders that often causes waste of time, and significant problems in the usual process of life, job performance, social activities and personal relationships. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between symptoms of obsession and interpersonal ambivalence and revenge in women who living in Tehran. Therefore, in a descriptive and correlational study 220 women were selected through convenience sampling, considering the lack of psychiatric history and age range of 20 to 40 years, and were then tested in terms of obsession, interpersonal behaviors and attitudes, responsibility and revenge. The data of linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive significant relation between the symptoms of obsession and interpersonal ambivalence and revenge. So, The data of regression analysis demonstrated that the symptoms of obsession could anticipate a part of the ambivalence in relationships and desire to revenge. Therefore, it is better to pay attention to this issue in the process of OCD treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1030 - Study of collateral dimensions and operating traits of high schizotypal and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms
Amrollah Ebrahimi Zahra Emami Seyyed Mohamad Hasan Kalantar Moetamedi Hamid Nasiri deh SotkhiCoronary heart disease and deaths resulting from it are rising and is the most important factor for mortality and disability in Iran. The role of positive psychological factors as mediators in the disease course and recovery process is debatable. The aim of this study i MoreCoronary heart disease and deaths resulting from it are rising and is the most important factor for mortality and disability in Iran. The role of positive psychological factors as mediators in the disease course and recovery process is debatable. The aim of this study is to evaluate particular positive psychopathological factors in relation to certain indicators of recovery after heart surgery. Therefore, in a correlational descriptive study, 43 patients, referred for heart surgery to Jamaran Heart Center in Tehran, were selected through availability sampling method and assessed for forgiveness, dysfunctional attitudes, depression, anxiety, stress, and cardiac recovery index prior to, after, and three month following heart surgery. Regression analysis revealed correlation between dysfunctional attitude and increase in depression, increase in forgiveness and decrease in depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, from the three subscales of forgiveness, resentment control with all three variables of depression, anxiety, and stress; and the variable of realistic understanding only with anxiety showed a significant inverse relationship. Additionally, forgiveness and dysfunctional attitudes can predict after surgery fever, pain, and shortness of breath through mediation of depression, anxiety, and stress scores. It seems that psychological factors are effective on recovery process of heart diseases from which forgiveness is the influencing factor on psychological health and in this way, psychological health, based on indicators of stress, anxiety, and depression, affect recovery process of patients with hearth diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1031 - The effectiveness of integrated model of emotional focused approach and Gottman model on Fear of Intimacy and anxiety in infertile women
Javad Khalatbari Fatemeh Hashemi GolpayeganiInfertility is a complex crisis in life, and perhaps this is why many authors have likened the psychological consequences of infertility to the general mourning. Studies have shown that psychological factors can contribute to infertility, and that infertility also has p MoreInfertility is a complex crisis in life, and perhaps this is why many authors have likened the psychological consequences of infertility to the general mourning. Studies have shown that psychological factors can contribute to infertility, and that infertility also has psychological consequences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching Gottman model of emotional-consensual model on the fear of intimacy and intimacy in infertility. For this purpose, in a semi-experimental, pre-test, post-test with control group, 22 infertile women referring to infertility centers and medical diagnostic laboratory of Qods of Tehran province were selected using available sampling method. A randomized design was applied to experimental and control groups. The groups were evaluated for fear of intimacy and anxiety before and after the intervention. The experimental group was subjected to intermittent interventional thrill-fusion simulation for 10 sessions of 120 minutes using the Johnson group intervention program and the Bowlby attachment theory and several key categories of the Gottman model. The control group did not receive any intervention. The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the training of the combined model caused a significant reduction in the fear of infertility and anxiety among infertile persons. It seems that teaching the integrated model of an exciting approach and the Gottman model can be used to reduce the Fear of Infertility and the anxiety of infertile women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1032 - The effectiveness of emotionally-focused group therapy on improving emotional expressiveness and sexual functioning of women with type 2 diabetes
Somayyeh Ahmadi Bajestani MohammadJavad Asghari EbrahimAbad Seyedali Kimiyayi MohammadJavad Asghari EbrahiAbadDiabetes is a common chronic disease. Not accepting the disease, be sensitive to fluctuations in blood glucose, to need insulin injections, restrictions on dietary and physical activity levels, to need accurate and continuous care of their self, and also the risk of ser MoreDiabetes is a common chronic disease. Not accepting the disease, be sensitive to fluctuations in blood glucose, to need insulin injections, restrictions on dietary and physical activity levels, to need accurate and continuous care of their self, and also the risk of serious complications, can lead to psychological problems in diabetics. Research shows that sexual dysfunction is very common in women with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotion focused group therapy on improving emotional expressiveness and sexual functioning of women with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, during the semi-experimental design with pretest, post-test and control group, 24 women with type 2 diabetes were selected from one of health centers in Mashhad through judgmental sampling and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. The subjects were evaluated for emotional expressiveness and sexual functioning before and after the intervention. Eight sessions of Emotion-focused therapy were used for the experimental group. The results of analysis of Covariance show that Emotion-focused therapy was effective in increasing the emotional expressiveness and sexual functioning of women with type 2 diabetes. Emotion-focused therapy can improve emotional expressiveness and sexual functioning of women with type 2 diabetes through validation of emotion and its reframing Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1033 - Investigating the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on marital compatibility in infertile women
Hamideh Samadi Mohsen DostkamInfertility affects various aspects of individuals’ life, and perhaps could be considered as one of the most common and stressful events in people's lives. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of treatment based on commitment and acceptance on ma MoreInfertility affects various aspects of individuals’ life, and perhaps could be considered as one of the most common and stressful events in people's lives. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of treatment based on commitment and acceptance on marital compatibility among infertile women who referred to health and medical centers at Mashhad Medical Sciences University. In order to do so, through a quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, and control group, 30 infertile women were selected by availability sampling method and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (n=15). Subjects in both groups were tested for marital compatibility prior and following the implementation of the research. The experimental group received ten sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy; whereas the control group received no interventions. The result of multi-variable covariance analysis presented that Acceptance and Commitment therapy is effective on marital compatibility among infertile women (0/05>P). Based on the research results, it can be concluded that Acceptance and Commitment therapy improves marital compatibility in infertile women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1034 - Causes and challenges of women’s religious identity
Afsane Ghazi karbasiWomen play a crucial and important role in growth and prosperity of family and hence, of society. Therefore, women identity crisis which affect the well-being of the family foundation is a concerning issue in every modern society. In fact, in religious societies, the wo MoreWomen play a crucial and important role in growth and prosperity of family and hence, of society. Therefore, women identity crisis which affect the well-being of the family foundation is a concerning issue in every modern society. In fact, in religious societies, the women identity and its challenges are specially regarded. Globalization, emerging of new technologies, social media, broadcasting channels, cyber space, women employment and modern life styles are among the most influencing factors. Being inevitable to face identity crisis by Muslim women, identifying the cause(s) comprises vital part of the counter-solution. In this study, we used analytical approach to analyze biological data concerning the women’s religious identity crisis. The results suggest globalization and fading of temporal and physical barriers of culture are the main parameters of such crisis in general, so to minimize women’s religious identity crisis, one should think of solution at family, society and international levels all together. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1035 - The effect of 8 weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women
Saber Rezanejad Zeynab Mehri babadi Akram khani RozvehIntroduction: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Methodology: The statistical populatio MoreIntroduction: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates exercises with and without vitamin D supplementation on body composition and osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women. Methodology: The statistical population of this study included postmenopausal women with an age range (50-70 years) and a high body mass index (25 to 29 kg/m2), with 40 women in three experimental groups and one group were controlled. The first group of 10 people only did Pilates, the second group of 10 people only took vitamin D supplements, the third group of 10 people did Pilates with the supplement and the last group was considered as the control group. The subjects participated in the Pilates exercise program, which included 8 weeks of three sessions of one hour per week, and took vitamin D supplements according to the schedule. Finally, the subjects' body mass index, vitamin D level, and osteoporosis level were determined before and after the activity. To check the results, the statistical method of covariance test was used at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: Based on the obtained results, Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on the body composition of overweight postmenopausal women and reduced the body mass index of women (P≤0.05)). Pilates exercises combined with vitamin D supplementation had an effect on osteoporosis in overweight postmenopausal women and the rate of osteoporosis in the subjects was reduced (P≤0.05). However, supplement consumption and Pilates exercise alone did not affect the amount of body mass index and osteoporosis (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this research, it is possible to suggest Pilates exercises along with vitamin D supplementation to overweight postmenopausal women to improve body composition and prevent osteoporosis. The main goal of osteoporosis treatment is to prevent fractures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1036 - Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Rumination in Women Applying for Divorce
mozhgan sarempour Nadereh Sohrabi shekafteePurpose: The healthiest human society is a society whose smallest unit, the family, is healthy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on rumination in women seeking divorce. Methodology: The current r MorePurpose: The healthiest human society is a society whose smallest unit, the family, is healthy. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on rumination in women seeking divorce. Methodology: The current research design was an experimental design with pre-test-post-test-follow-up. In the present study, rumination questionnaire (1991) and compassion-focused treatment protocol were used. The statistical population included all women applying for divorce who referred to counseling and psychological centers in Shiraz. The sample consisted of 40 women applying for divorce who were selected through a purposeful method and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups of compassion-focused therapy (20 people) and a control group (20 people). Findings: The results of data analysis showed that compassion-focused therapy was significantly effective in reducing rumination in women seeking divorce, so that the within group effect size was 0.56 and the between group effect size was 0.57 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, compassion-focused treatment can be used as an effective treatment method to reduce rumination in women applying for divorce. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1037 - Prediction of latent Relational aggression based on the dark triad personality with the mediating role of shame and rejection sensitivity in a group of Iranian women
Faezeh Peimanpak رویا رسولی sara karimiPurpose: The present study aimed to predict latent marital aggression based on Machiavellianism, anti-socialism and narcissism with the mediating role of shame and rejection sensitivity in a group of Iranian women. Method: 307 married women of Tehran city were selecte MorePurpose: The present study aimed to predict latent marital aggression based on Machiavellianism, anti-socialism and narcissism with the mediating role of shame and rejection sensitivity in a group of Iranian women. Method: 307 married women of Tehran city were selected by voluntary sampling method and were answered to the Couples Relational Aggression and Victimization Scale (Nelson & Carroll, 2006), the Short Version of Dark Triad Personality Traits (Paulhus & Jones, 2014), The Test of Self-Conscious Affect (Tangney, 1996) and Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Downey & Feldman, 1996) through an online survey. The research method was correlational, structural equation modeling type and the data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 software. Findings: The findings of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between Machiavellianism with rejection sensitivity, shame with the dimensions of latent marital aggression including love withdrawal and social sabotage, but there is no significant relationship between narcissistic personality and rejection sensitivity, shame, love withdrawal and social sabotage. Anti-socialism had a positive and significant relationship with rejection sensitivity, shame and social sabotage; but it was not related to love withdrawal. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between rejection sensitivity and shame with love withdrawal and social sabotage. The findings of structural equation modeling showed that Machiavellianism, anti-socialism, rejection sensitivity and shame positively predict love withdrawal and social sabotage. Narcissism has no direct or indirect effect on love withdrawal and social sabotage. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the mediating role of rejection sensitivity and shame in the relationship between Machiavellianism and anti-socialism with love withdrawal and social sabotage among women Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that women's rejection sensitivity and shame in relation to dark triad personality traits of Machiavellian and antisocial personality are related to latent marital aggression. Conflict of interest: According to the author of this article, there has been no conflict of interest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
1038 - Analysis of the consumption of new media among women in Tehran (Case study: the extent and type of use of virtual social networks)
Akram boorboor سمیه تاجیک اسماعیلیThe present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of virtual social networks among women in Tehran and also comparing the purposeful use of virtual social networks among them. Descriptive research method, the statistical population of the research includ MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the use of virtual social networks among women in Tehran and also comparing the purposeful use of virtual social networks among them. Descriptive research method, the statistical population of the research includes all the women living in Tehran and the sample number is 303 women who answered the research questionnaires through google form. The findings of the research showed that Instagram (average 3.19) and Telegram (average 2.53) had relatively better status than Twitter (average 1.96) and Facebook (average 1.42). The results also showed that Tehrani women mostly use Telegram to receive information and gain knowledge and are at a weak level in terms of content production. Women mostly use Instagram pages and other people's personal experiences on Twitter to receive various trainings. Female Facebook users are more active in commenting for others. Manuscript profile
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