Blood Lead Level and Δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity in Pre-Menopausal and Postmenopausal Women

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

I.R Elezaj ¹ , K.Rr. Letaj ² , Q.I. Selimi ³ , A. Rrustemi ⁴ , D. Zogaj ⁵ , L. Sefaja ⁶

1 - Department of Biology, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
2 - Department of Biology, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
3 - Department of Biology, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
4 - Department of Biology, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
5 - Institute of National Public Health, University of PrishtinaP.O.Box 10.000 Prishtinë, Republic of Kosovo
6 - Institute of National Public Health, University of PrishtinaP.O.Box 10.000 Prishtinë, Republic of Kosovo

Received: 2012-07-12 Accepted : 2018-10-29 Published : 2012-06-01

Keywords:

References:

1. Brody D.J., Kramer R.A., et al. Blood lead levels
2. in the U.S. population. Phase 1of the Third
3. National Health and Nutritional Examination
4. Survey (NHABES, 1988to 1991) . JAMA 1994;
5. .283 -272:277
6. Silbergeld E.K., Schwartz J., Mahaffey K. 1988.
7. Lead and osteoporosis: mobilization on lead from
8. bone in postmenopausal women. Environ Res. 47:
9. .94 -79
10. Symanski E., Hertz P.I. 1995. Blood lead level in
11. relation to menopause, smoking, and pregnancy
12. history. Am J Epidemiol. 141: .158 -1047
13. Rabinowitz M.B., Wetherill G.W., Kopple J.D.
14. : Kinetic analysis of lead metabolism in
15. healthy humans, J Clin Invest. 58: .270 -260
16. Robison C.J., Hall J., Beshir S.O. 1983.
17. Hormonal modulation of mineral metabolism in
18. reproduction. Proc Nutr Soc. .180 -42:169
19. Oââ‚‌™Flaherty E.J. 1991. Physiologically models
20. for bone ââ‚‌“seeking elements. I. Rat skeletal and
21. bone growth. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol .111:
22. .312 -299
23. Oââ‚‌™Flaherty E.J. 1991. Physiologically models
24. for bone ââ‚‌“seeking elements. II. Kinetics of lead
25. deposition in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
26. .111: .331 -313
27. Oââ‚‌™Flaherty E.J. 1991. Physiologically models
28. for bone ââ‚‌“seeking elements. III. Human skeletal
29. and bone growth. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.
30. .341 -111:332
31. Garel J.M. 1987. Hormonal control of calcium
32. metabolism during the reproductive cycle in
33. mammals. Physiol Rev. 67: .66 -1
34. Berkowitz G.S. Moline J., Todd A.C., 1999.
35. Methodological issues related to studies of lead
36. mobilization during menopause. Salud Publica
37. de Mexico. Vol.41, suplemento 2. s88-s.92
38. Luckey M., Meier D., Wallenstein S., Lapinski
39. R. 1992. Racial differences in early
40. postmenopausal bone loss: A longitudinal
41. study. J Bone Miner Res. 7: S .140
42. Silbergeld E., Watson L. 1991. Lead in bone:
43. implications for toxicology during pregnancy
44. and lactation. Environ Health Perspect. 91: -63
45. .70
46. Rosen J.F., Pounds J.G. 1988. The cellular
47. metabolism of lead and calcium: a kinetic
48. analysis in cultured osteoclastic bone cells.
49. Contrib Nephrol. ,.82 -64:74
50. Pounds J.G., Long G.J., Rosen J.F. 1991.
51. Cellular and molecular toxicity of lead in bone .
52. environ Health Perspect. 91: .32 -17
53. Pounds J.G. 1984. Effect of lead interaction on
54. calcium homeostasis and calcium-mediated cell
55. function: a review. Neurotoxicology. 5: -295
56. .331
57. Simons T.J. 1993. Lead-calcium interactions in
58. cellular lead toxicity. Neurotoxicity. 14: .85 -77
59. Berglund M., Akesson A., Bjellerup P. , et al.
60. Metal-bone interactions. Toxicol Lett.
61. -112: .225 -219
62. Manton W.I. 1985. Total contribution of
63. airborne lead to blood lead. Br J Ind Med.
64. .172 -42:168
65. Bronner F. 1992. Bone and calcium
66. homeostasis. Neurotoxicology. 13: .782 -775
67. Wittmers L.J. Aufderheide A.C. Wallgren J.
68. Lead in bone. I. Distribution of lead in
69. human skeleton. Arch Environ Health. 43: -381
70. .391
71. Inskip M.J., Franklin C.A., Subramanian K.S.
72. et. al. 1992. Sampling of cortical and trabecular
73. bone for lead analysis: method development in
74. stady of lead mobilization during pregnancy.
75. Neurotoxicology. 13: .834 -825
76. Gulson B.L., Mizon K.J., Korsch M.J. et. al.
77. Mobilization of lead from human bone
78. tissue during pregnancy and lactation-a
79. summary of long-term research. Sci Total
80. Environ. 303: .104 -79
81. Vahter M., Berglund M., Akesson A., et al.
82. Metals and womenââ‚‌™s health. Environ Res.
83. : .155 -145
84. Lindquist O, Bengtsson C, Hansson T. et al.,
85. Bone mineral content in relation to age
86. and menopause in middle-age women: a study
87. of bone density in lumbar vertebrae by dual
88. photon absorptiometry in a population sample
89. of women. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 41: -215
91. Riggs B.L., Melton L.D. 1986. Involutional
92. osteoporosis. N Engl J Med Lancet. 314: -1676
93. .1686
94. Sharp D.S., Becker C.E., Smith A.H. 1987.
95. Chronic low ââ‚‌“ level lead exposure: its role in
96. the pathogenesis of hypertension. Med Toxicol.
97. .232 -2:210
98. Nash D., Magder L., Lustberg M., et al., 2003.
99. Blood lead , blood pressure and hypertension in
100. perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
101. JAMA. 289: .1532 -1523
102. Payton M., Riggs K.M, Spiro A. et al. 1988.
103. Relations of bone and blood lead to cognitive
104. function. The VA Normative Aging Study.
105. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 20: .27 -19
106. Lustberg M., Silbergeld E. 2002. Blood lead
107. levels and mortality. Arch Intern Med. 162:
108. . 2449 -2443
109. Morita Y., Sakai T., Araki T.,
110. Masuayama.1993. Usefulness of δ-
111. aminolevulinic acid in blood as an indicator of
112. lead exposure. Jpn J Ind Health. .118 -35:112
113. Sakai T. 2000. Biomarkers of Lead Exposure.
114. Industrial Health.38; .142 -127
115. .32 Berlin D., Schaller K.K.1974. European
116. standardized method for the determination of δ-
117. aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activityin
118. blood. Z. Klin. Chem. Biochem. 12: .390 -389
119. Nash D., Magder L.S., Sherwin R., Rubin R.J.
120. and Silbergeld E.K. 1994. Bone Density-related
121. Predictions of Blood Lead Level among Periand
122. Postmenopausal Women in the United
123. States. American Journal of Epidemiology.
124. Vol.160, Issue 9; .911 -901
125. Latorre F.G., Hernandez-Avila M., Orozco J.T.,
126. medina C.A, Aro A., Palazuelos E., H. H. 2003.
127. Relationship of Blood and Bone Lead to
128. Menopause and Bone Mineral density among
129. Middle-Age Women in Mexico City.
130. Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol.11, N 0
131. : 636 -631
132. Hernandez ââ‚‌“Avila M. Villalapondo VG,
133. Palazuelos R. et al. 2000. Determinations of
134. blood and bone lead levels across the
135. menopausal transition. Arch. Environ Health.
136. : 360 -355
137. Sun Y., Sun D., Zhou Z., Zhu G., Zhang H.,
138. Chang X., Lei L., Jin T. 2008. Osteoporosis in
139. Chinese Population Due to Occupational
140. Exposure to Lead. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
141. INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE. .442 -51:436
142. Smith D.R., Osterioh J.D., Fegal A.R. 1996. use
143. of endogenous stable lead isotope to determine
144. release of lead from the skeleton. Environ
145. Health Perspect. .66 -104:60
146. Murata K., Iwata T., Dakeishi M., Karita K.
147. Lead Toxicity: Does the Critical Level of
148. lead Resulting in Adverse Effects Differ
149. between Adults and Children ?. .12 -51:1
150. Murata K., Sakai T., Morita Y., Iwata T.,
151. Dakeishi M. 2003. Critical Dose of Lead
152. Affecting δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Levels. J
153. Occup Health. 45: (.214 -209