The Effect of Social Awareness on Empowerment Level of Rural Women (Zanjanrood District, Zanjan Township)

Subject Areas : Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society

ثریا Astinfeshan ¹ (دانش آموخته ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی)
A.H Alibaygi ² (دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی)
اسماعیل Karami Dehkordi ³ (دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان)
مصیب Gholami ⁴ (دانشجوی دکتری ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی)

Received: 2015-05-05 Accepted : 2018-04-24 Published : 2018-02-20

Keywords: Empowerment, Women Rural, Social Awareness, Social Rights,

Abstract :

This paper investigates the influence of social awareness on the empowerment of rural women in Zanjanrood District. In this study, qualitative- quantitative research method is used. For the part of qualitative study, some experts of social awareness of rural women are used. The population of quantitative part of this study includes 15455 women of Zanjanrood city of whom 386 persons were randomly selected as a sample. The data were gathered by using a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by faculty of Agricultural Extension and Education of Razi University and Reliability was confirmed by pretesting and calculation of alpha coefficient of 0.79. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18 software. The results showed 58 percent of rural women’s social awareness was moderate. Rural women on issues such as the right of women in prison and pay proverbs had least knowledge, but on issues such as the determination of living location and amount of daughter’s inheritance had most knowledge. The findings indicated the average amount of empowerment rural women (average of 2.8 out of 5). Linear regression was used to determine the effect of independent variables (social consciousness) on the dependent variable (empowerment). The results showed that the independent variables could explain 43% of the variability that is empowerment.

References:

- Anderson, J. (1996). ‘Yes, But is it Empowerment? Initiation, implementation and outcomes of Community Action’ pp. 69-83, in: B. Humphries (ed.) Critical Perspectives on Empowerment. Birmingham: Venture Press.

- Balan, A. (2004). Women's empowerment, UNFPA.  Journal of Jihad, No. 261. Persian. 

- Batliwala, S. (1994). The meaning of women's empowerment: New concepts from action.” pp.127-138 in Population Policies Reconsidered: Health, Empowerment and Rights. G. Sen, A.  Germania and L.C. Chen, Eds. Cambridge: Harward University Press.

- Gholipour, A., Pourezzat, A., & Hazrati, M. (2009). Effect of servant leadership of the organizational trust and empowerment in government organizations. Public Administration, Volume 1, Number 2. Persian. 

- Haj Ali Gol, L. (2008). Study of the place and role of women in rural industries Qom, Master Thesis, University of Isfahan. Persian. 

- Jackson, M.A. (2010). Empowering Women of Nepal: An Experience of Empowerment in the Land of the Himalaya. M.A Thesis, Prescott College in Adventure Education.

- Kalantari, KH, Shabanali fami, H., & Soroush Mehr, H. (2010). Factors facilitating and impeding the economic empowerment of rural women (study of Hamadan city). Journal of Rural Development, Volume I, Number 2. Persian. 

- Mahdavi, S., & Mirzapur, p. (2009). Study of the sociological factors that influence women's awareness of their social and legal rights of Ahvaz city, Journal of Social Science, Third Year, No. 1. Persian. 

- Musokotwane, R. & Siwale, R.M. (2001) Gender Awareness and Sensitization in Basic Education. Paris: UNESCO Basic Education Division.

- Pezeshki Rad, Gh., & Karami dehkordi, A. (2012). Social statistics and data analysis in research, development, extension and agricultural education. Tarbiat Modarres University. Persian. 

- Praveen, SH. (2007). Gender Awareness of Rural Women in Bangladesh. Journal of International Women’s Studies Vol. 9 #1 November 2007.

- Presidential Office for Women's Affairs and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) (1993) the role of women in development, Tehran: roshangran publication. Persian. 

- ghasemi, V., & Omranian, F. (2012). Measurement of awareness of women legal knowledge of family law based on the theory of knowledge and information gaps (study of female students of Isfahan University). Women in Development and Policy, Volume 10, Number 2. Persian. 

- Rivera, W. & Corning, S. (1990). Empowering women through agriculture extension; a global perspective, journal of extension 28(4).

- Rogers, E. M. (1988). A History of Communication Study: A Biographical Approach. New York: Free Press.

- shaditalab, Z.H. (2003). Social participation Of women, Research of women, Y 3, NO 7. Persian. 

- Shahriari, A. (2008). Study of the ways for to empower rural women of Sistan and Baluchestan city and its impact on the entrepreneurial. Master thesis. Persian. 

- Shaverdi, T., & Chitsaz, M. (2008).  Syudy of The problems economic, social and legal authorities, promote rural women farmers from the perspective of agriculture. Persian. 

- Tavakoli Bryakhan, A. (2012). The definition of social awareness. Available on the site: http://shoke-ejtemaei.blogfa.com/post/3. Persian. 

- Ugbomeh. M. M. G. (2001). Empowerment Women in Agricultural Education for Sustainable rural Development vol: 36 No.4 pp: 208-302.

- World Bank. )2007(. empowerment in practice from analysis to implementation Ruth A, Mette F, Bertelsen J, Holland 16031-in, south Asia environment and social unit, World Bank, Washington DC.

- Zahedi, SH. (2007). Women and Development, Tehran, Cultural research center.