Investigating the political participation of women over 18 in Ahvaz

Subject Areas : Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society

Hossein Hagipour ¹ , Yousef amini ² , manouchehr kordzanganeh ³

1 - Department of Sociology, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.
2 - Faculty Member, Department of Sociology, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
3 - Faculty Member, Department of Sociology, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran

Received: 2021-06-26 Accepted : 2022-10-09 Published : 2022-10-23

Keywords: Social Capital, Political Trust, Women's Political Participation, socioeconomic status, ethnic identity,

Abstract :

Abstract
Introdduction: The political participation of women in Ahvaz is an important issue due to its ethnic diversity and geopolitical position in Khuzestan province. Therefore, it seems necessary to study the political participation of women in the voting age (over 18 years) in Ahvaz.
Materials and Methods: To achieve the objectives of this study, four categories of integrated theories related to political participation were used: 1- Lack of women's political participation 2- Women's movement in the West and political participation 3- Women's movement in Islamic countries and Iran 4- Samuel Huntington's institutional theory. The statistical sample of the present study is equal to 200 women over the age of 18 living in the city of Ahvaz and has been obtained using the Cochran's formula. In this study, the multi-stage cluster sampling method has been used. Research data of this research have been collected in a survey using a questionnaire. Also, SPSS software was used to analyze the data of this research.
Findings: The Five independent variables of this study are social capital, political trust, socio-economic status, ethnic identity, the use of mass media. The findings show that the five independent variables used in this study with the variable Research dependents have a positive and significant relationship.
Conclusion: The higher the women of the statistical research community have social capital, political trust and socio-economic status, as well as have a strong ethnic identity and use more mass media, the more political participation they will have in society

References:

ت سیاسی زنان شهر اهواز نقش بسزایی داشته باشد.   

 

References

1. Zarei, G. (2017). A Survey of Effective Factors on Women’s Political Participation among Female Teachers of Parsian City. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society, 8(31), 19-32.‏ http://journals.miau.ac.ir/article_2547.html


2. Baghery, M., Hosseinzadeh, A. H., & Shojaei, H. (2020). A Study of the Relationship between Political Socialization and Women's Political Participation in Ahwaz, Iran Using Structural Equation Modeling Approach. The Women and Families Cultural-Educational, 14(49), 55-85. https://cwfs.ihu.ac.ir/article_205027_0.html?lang=fa


3. Athari, H., & Shahriyari, A. (2014). A Survey on the Factors Affecting Women’s Political Participation (Case Study: Women in Booshehr City). Women in Development & Politics, 12(2), 265-286.‏ https://jwdp.ut.ac.ir/article_52359_6946.html?lang=fa


4. Imam Khomeini. (2014). the position of women in Imam Khomeini's thought. Tehran: Institute for Organizing and Publishing the Works of Imam Khomeini.


5. Hosseinpour, S., Poryani, M., Ajdaryzadeh, H. (2022). Sociological Explanation of the Political Participation of Bakhtiari Lur and Arab Women (A Case Study of Khuzestan Province, 2019). Political and International Researches Quarterly, 12(49), 261-278. http://jpir.iaujournals.ir/article_688119.html?lang=fa


6. Shaikhzakariaee, S. V., & Mohammadi, O. (2017). Investigating the Factors Affecting the Women's Political Participation (aged 20-40 years) in 2015 (Case Study: City of Sanandaj).‏ Sociology of Women (Journal of Woman and Society), 6(24),105-123. https://www.sid.ir/fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=309283


7. Hashemi, S. A. (2015). Social Factors Affecting Women's Political Participation (Case Study: Women from 18 to 39, in Lamerd City). Quarterly Journal of Woman & Society‏, 6(1), 87-101. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=242909


8. Azimi Hashemi M., Ghazi Tabatabaei M., & Hedayati Asl A.A. (2016). Woman’s Political Participation In Iran. Sociology Of Women (Journal Of Woman And Society), 6(4), 105-123.‏ https://www.sid.ir/fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=256064


9. Darabi, M. (2015). Social factors affecting women's political participation in hamadan province of iran (Case study: Nahavand city). Sociological Studies of Youth, 6(17), 57-84.‏ https://www.sid.ir/fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=261865


10. Masoudnia, H., & Mohammadifar, N., & Moradi, G., & Foroughi, A. (2013). A Study Of The Social And Psychological Factors Affecting Political Participation Among University Professors (Case Study: University Of Isfahan). Journal Of Applied Sociology, 23(4 (48)), 27-30. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=296734


11. Nikpour Ghanavati, L., & Moeini, M., & Ahmadi, H. (2012). Investigating Social-Economical Factors Related To Women Political Participation. Sociology Of Woman (Journal Of Woman And Society), 3(1 (9)), 39-61. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=301973


12. Hosseinzadeh, A., & Eider, N., & Abbasi, E. (2012). A Study Of Factors Affecting Residents’ Civic Participation In The City Of Khoram Aabad. Urban Studies, 2(2), 59-81. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=288112


13. Golabi, F., Hajiloo, F. (2012). Sociological Review of Political Participation Rate of Women and some of Social Factors Affecting It (Case Study in Eastern Azerbaijan Province). Quarterly of Social Studies and Research in Iran, 1(1), 173-200. https://jisr.ut.ac.ir/article_36552.html?lang=en


14. McKenzie, B. D. (2004). Religious social networks, indirect mobilization, and African-American political participation. Political research quarterly, 57(4), 621-632.‏ https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/106591290405700410?journalCode=prqb


15. Parvin, P. (2018). Democracy without participation: A new politics for a disengaged era. Res Publica, 24(1), 31-52.‏ https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11158-017-9382-1


16. Baghery, M., Hosseinzadeh, A. H., & Shojaei, (2018). The Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Women's Political Participation In the Ahvaz city. Journal of Participation and Social Development, 4 (6), 1-31. https://jpsd.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-122-fa.html


17. Hajipour, H., amini, Y., kordzanganeh, M. (2021). The Impact of Social Capital On Political Participation Amongst the Citizens Above 18 Years of Age in Ahwaz. Social Science Quarterly, 14(4), 52-27. http://jss.iau-shoushtar.ac.ir/article_681725.html


18. Abdolkhani, L., Jouhar, T. (2014). The Political Participation Level Evaluation of Working Women in the Department of Education and Training in Region 2 of Ahvaz. Scientific Research Quarterly of Woman and Culture, 6(21), 63-72. http://jwc.iauahvaz.ac.ir/article_522969.html?lang=en


19. Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy Princeton: Princeton University Press.


20. Lake, R., & Huckfeldt, R. (1998). Social networks, social capital, and political participation. Political Psychology, 19(3), 567-584.‏ http://capitalintelectual.egc.ufsc.br/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/0162-895X.00118.pdf


21. McClurg, S. D. (2003). Social networks and political participation: The role of social interaction in explaining political participation. Political research quarterly, 56(4), 449-464.‏ https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/106591290305600407


22. Faghihi, A., & Feyzi, T. (2006). Social Capital: New Approach in Organization. Management Knowledge, 19(72), 23-46. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=103845


23. Khoshfar, G., Bagheriyan, M., mirzakhani, S., Jandaghi, F. (2019). The relationship between social capital and political participation of citizens (Case study: Gorgan). Two Quarterly Journal of Contemporary Sociological Research, 8(14), 27-52. https://www.sid.ir/fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=537842


24. Dahl, Robert A. (1974). Who Governs?. New Haven: Yale University Press.


25. Dahl, Robert A. (1984). Modern Political Analysis. New jersey: Prentice Hall.


26. Seyed Emami, K. (2007). The Political Participation of University Students In Iran: Some Predictive Indicators. Research Letter of Political Science, 2(1 (6)), 59-77. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=107408


27. Huntington, S. and Nelson, J. M. (1976), Political Participation in Developing Countries, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674863842


28. Abdolahinejad, A., & Sadeghi, J., & Ghasemi Nezhad, A. (2016). Social Media and Political Participation In Elections The Relation Between Using Facebook, Telegram And Instagram And Political Participation Of Students In Iran’S Parliamentary Elections In 2016. New Media Studies, 2(5), 33-73. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=582390


29. Motazed Rad, A., & Sepahvand, I. (2013). Sociological Study of Factors Affecting The Level Of Political Participation Of Khorramabad's High School Teachers, Iran (2013). Journal of Political Studies, 5(19), 36-92. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=400600


30. Lipset, S.M. (1963). Political Man. New York: Anchor Books.


31. Inglehart, R,(1995). Culture shift in advanced industrial society, translated into Persian by Maryam vatar, Tehran: press kavir.


32. Rush, M. (1992). Politics and Society, An Introduction to Political Sociology. London: Harvester WeatSheaf.


33. Verba , S. & Nie N. H. (1979) Particippation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality, New York, Hper and Row


34. Farahmand, M., & Vakili Ghasemabad, S., & Poor Rajimian, E. (2016). Examining The Political Participation Of Youth In Yazd City And Factors Influencing. Strategic Studies on Youth And Sports, 15(33), 1-37. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=574679


35. Abasi Esfajir, A. A., & Esfandyari, M. (2017). Factors Affecting Students’ Political Participation (Case Study: Students at the Islamic Azad University – Sari Branch). 2 (4), 47-78. http://jpsd.hormozgan.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-58-2&sid=1&slc_lang=fa


36. Jafari Kalarijani, S. A., Azin, A. Mohammadi, A. (2020). The study of social and cultural factors affecting political participation among youth in Mazandaran province. Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies, 12(46), 33-46.‏ https://jisds.srbiau.ac.ir/article_16079.html


37. Najafi, M. J., Masoumi radو, & Shahbazi, M. (2020). Study of the relationship between social capital and political participation among citizens of Kermanshah city. Political Sociology of Iran, 3(2), 131-155. https://www.magiran.com/paper/2197900


38. Eslami, M., Rajablo, J., Davoudkhani, M. (2019). Investigating the level of political participation of Tehran citizens with emphasis on the components of social capital. Social Research, 11(45), 149-168. https://jsr.riau.ac.ir/article_1684.html


39. Khoshfar, G., Bagheriyan, M., mirzakhani, S., Jandaghi, F. (2019). The relationship between social capital and political participation of citizens (Case study: Gorgan). Two Quarterly Journal of Contemporary Sociological Research, 8(14), 27-52. https://www.sid.ir/fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=537842


40. Ansari, A. (2017). The Impact of Social Capital on Political Participation (kohgiluyeh young people aged 20-35) in the first term of the presidency of Hassan Rouhani. The Islamic Revolution Approach, 11(40), 145-167.‏ https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=345802


41. Bagheri, M., Hosseinzadeh, A., & Shojaie, H. (2018). The Effect of Social Capital Dimensions (Social Trust, Sense of Powerlessness, Social Cohesion, Social Links) on Women's Political Participation Khouzestan Province (Case Study: Ahvaz). Quarterly Journal of Social Development (Previously Human Development), 12(3), 29-62.‏ https://qjsd.scu.ac.ir/article_13652.html


42. Gatabi, H., & Korshidi, M. (2016). Relation between Social Capital and Political Participation (Case Study: Qom Citizens). Social Welfare Quarterly, 16(62), 359-391.‏ https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=360049


43. Nejat, J., Ebadollahi, H., & Zahmatkesh, H. (2014). A Study on Effect of Social Capital on Political Participation (Case Study: 15-29 Year Old Young People In Bushehr Province).‏ 13(26), 1-17. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=309672


44. Emamjomehzadeh, S. J., Rahbarghazi, M., Isanezhad, O., & Marandi, Z. (2012). Study of Relationship between Social Capital and Political Participation among Students of the University of Isfahan. Research Letter of Political Science, 4, 7-33.‏ https://www.sid.ir/fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=176094


45. Teney, C., & Hanquinet, L. (2012). High political participation, high social capital? A relational analysis of youth social capital and political participation. Social science research, 41(5), 1213-1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.03.012.I


46. Suh, H. (2013). Correlation between social capital and political participation: Considering national economic, political development, and economic inequality. University of Arizona, 1-28.‏ https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Correlation-between-Social-Capital-and-Political-%3A-Suh/dbc1293b7059c19669f034ea85923ab2c798664e


47. Alesina, A., & Giuliano, P. (2011). Family ties and political participation. Journal of the European Economic Association, 9(5), 817-839.‏ https://academic.oup.com/jeea/article-abstract/9/5/817/2298424?redirectedFrom=fulltext


48. Molaei, M. R. (2018). The role of political trust and knowledge in prediction of students' interest to political participation. Political Knowledge, 14(1), 141-163.‏ https://www.sid.ir/fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=482672


49. Sedighi, B., Melkomiyan, L., & Ojaghi, A. M. (2011). The effect of political trust on political participation (masters student islamic azad university roudehen school year 88-89).‏ Social Research,4(11), 171-188. https://www.sid.ir/Fa/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=160262


50. Amini, S., KAVAKEBIAN, M., & SHIRI, T. (2020). Explaining the Social Factors Affecting Political Participation (Case Study: Ilam Province, 1998). Political Sociology of Iran, 3(3), 215-243.‏ http://jou.spsiran.ir/article_118210.html?lang=fa


51. Ghaderi, R. (2018). The Impact of Political Culture on Women's Participation (with Emphasis on the Role of the Islamic Revolution in Iran). Journal of History of Politics and Media, 1(2), 221-245. https://kssi-journal.ir/faslname/aboutus/9318/4/9318/52/


52. Jafarinia, G. (2012). A Survey of Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Rate of Khormoj Residents Political Participation.‏ Research Letter of Political Science,7(2),87-122. http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_172.html


53. Babaiefard, A., & Sarbandi, A. (2019). Assessment of Factors Affecting Attitudes towards the Women's Social Status in Kashan. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society, 10(40), 89-126. http://jzvj.miau.ac.ir/article_3871.html


54. Panahi, M. H, Banifatemeh, S. S. (2015). Political Culture and Political Participation of Women. Social Science Quarterly, Vol 22, No 68, pp 35-78. [DOI: 10/22054] https://qjss.atu.ac.ir/article_1280.html


55. Rezaiean gharagozlou, A, Rostamalizadeh, V. (2020). Factors deterrent women's economic participation by families in the local community (Case study of women in Behdeh, Parsian city). Women and Society Quarterly, 11(41), 53-78. http://jzvj.miau.ac.ir/article_4048.html


56. Abdolahinejad, A., Sadeghi, J., & Ghasemi Nejhad, A. (2016). Social Media and Political Participation in Elections the relation between using Facebook, Telegram and Instagram and Political Participation of Students in Iran’s Parliamentary Elections in 2016. New Media Studies, 2(5), 34-75.‏ https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=334483


57. Malekan, M., Rahbarqazi, M., Ebrahimipour, H., & Harsij, H. (2013). A study of the relationship between cyberspace and political participation (The case of students at the university of Isfahan). Journal of Applied Sociology, 24(4), 211-226.‏ https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_18334.html


58. Omidi, A., & Moradifar, S. (2019). Social Media and its Effects on Political Participation; a Case Study of Political Participation in the Province of Mazandaran. Global Media Journal-Persian Edition, 13(2), 254-275.‏ https://gmj.ut.ac.ir/article_70870.html?lang=fa


59. Bijan, A., Ejazi, E., & Lakzi, M. (2019). Analyzing the Influence of Social Networks on Political Participation (Case Study: Iran and Russia) 2010-2020. Research Letter of Political Science, 14(4), 37-80.‏ http://www.ipsajournal.ir/article_385.html


60. Shahramnia, A., Ebrahimipour, H., Mahmoud Oghli, R., & Malekan, M. (2017). Evaluation The Impact of Social Networks on Political Participation, Case Study: Mazandaran University. Journal of Applied Sociology, 28(1), 19-32.‏ https://jas.ui.ac.ir/article_21248.html?lang=fa


61. Panahi, M. H, Alizadeh, E. (2005). The Effect of Mass Media on Tehran Residents Political Participation. Social Science Quarterly, Vol 12, No 28-29, pp 89-131. https://qjss.atu.ac.ir/article_5273.html?lang=fa