Investigating the Characteristics and Forms of Femininity or Feminine Dialect in Jaleh Ghaem Maghami's Poetry
Subject Areas : Persian language and literature texts
1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Bafaq Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bafaq, Iran.
Keywords: Women's Language, women's style, literary criticism, contemporary poetry, Jaleh Ghaem Maghami,
Abstract :
Feminine dialect, feminine writing, and feminine style, or in general the feminist movement is a self-conscious movement that seeks to persuade women to emancipate themselves from the domination of the male-dominated intellectual and linguistic system of society and asks them to liberate themselves and their desires, and explore their hopes and aspirations as an active part of human society. Jaleh Ghaem Maghami is considered by most researchers to be one of the founders of women's literature. Her poems are full of feminine perspective and mentality, and even the anonymous rendition of her poems, would immediately attract the reader’s attention to its female authority. Jaleh's emphasis on her gender in her poetry reflects her efforts to introduce femalehood to society and to change social representation of women. The emergence of the constitutional movement caused a great change in the minds of Iranians. This event revealed its impact in two ways. First, it led to the improvement of literacy, and the necessity of a literature that was accessible to all and that its themes were relevant to the lives of the masses. Second, the extensive connection with the West became more prominent due to the emphasis on the themes of freedom, homeland, nationality, and political and social criticism of poetry and literature. In this research, the author has tried to identify the signs in Jaleh’s Divan in a descriptive-analytical way and with a library method, which distinguishes her female poems from male poems and refers to those works as a distinct female writing style.
کتاب‌ها دوبووار، سیمون (1388) جنس دوم، ترجمه قاسم صنعوی، تهران: انتشارات توس. شمیسا، سیروس (1383) نقد ادبی، تهران: فردوس. صفایی، بروجنی (1390) از ماه تا ماهی، تهران: فصل پنجم. فتوحی، محمود (1391) سبک‌شناسی: نظریه‌ها، رویکردها و روش‌ها، تهران: سخن. فرخزاد، فروغ (1383) مجموعة سروده‌ها، تهران: نگاه. قائم‌مقامی، عالم‌تاج (1391) دیوان، با مقدمة پژمان بختیاری، تهران: گل‌آذین. کراچی، روح‌انگیز (1380) اندیشه‌نگاران زن در شعر مشروطه، تهران: نشر الزهراء. کراچی، روح‌انگیز (1383) عالم‌تاج قائم‌مقامی، تهران: داستان‌سرا. نوربخش، صفورا (1388) اتاقی از آن خود، تهران: چاپ گلشن. همایونی، صادق (1388) زنان و سرودهایشان در گسترۀ فرهنگ مردم ایران‌زمین، تهران: گل‌آذین. همایی، جلال‌الدین(1361) فنون بلاغت و صناعات ادبی، تهران: طوس. مقالات آبرامز. (1385). نقد ادبی فمنیستی. ترجمۀ سمانه واصفی، چیستا، 25(230)، 795-788. شمیسا، سیروس. (1388). بیان و جلوه‌های صورخیال در شعر سیمین بهبهانی. دانشکدة علوم انسانی دانشگاه سمنان، 8(28)، 107-120. عاملی رضایی، مریم. (1389). بررسی سیر تحول مضامین مادرانه در شعر چند شاعر زن از مشروطه تا امروز. پژوهش زبان و ادبیات فارسی، 17(8)، 1-10. محمّدی، غفّار. (1381). سیر ادبیّات زنان در ایران و سرزمین‌های عربی. مجموعه همایش‌های پیوند پارسیان و اعراب در زبان و ادبیّات فارسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بابل، 1321-1342. واعظ، لیدا، و صادق‌زاده، محمود. (1384). چهار شاعر زن معاصر. حافظ، 2(21)، 74-79. یوسفی، غلامحسین. (1384). اوّلین شاعر فمینیست ایران: ژاله قائم مقامی. حافظ، 2(21)، 75-91. پایان‌نامه رضوی، زهراالسادات (1390) بررسی سبکی و محتوایی اشعار ژاله قائم‌مقامی، پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علامۀ طباطبایی. قدیر، مهسا (1390) نقد و بررسی ساخت شعر عالم‌تاج قائم‌مقامی و مقایسۀ روساختی و زیرساختی با اشعار دو تن از شاعران غرب به نام مارگارت اتوود و گابریلا میسترال، پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان.
_||_Books De Beauvoir, Simon (2008) The Second sex, Trans. Qasem Sanawi, Tehran: Toos Publications. [In Persian] Farrokhzad, Forough (2004) Collection of poems, Tehran: Negah. [In Persian] Fatuhi, Mahmoud (2012) Stylistics: theories, approaches and methods, Tehran: Sokhn. [In Persian] Homayoni, Sadegh (2008) Women and their compositions in the scope of the culture of the Iranian people, Tehran: Gol Azin. [In Persian] Karachi, Roohangiz (2001), Women thinkers in constitutional poetry, Tehran: Al-Zahra Publishing. [In Persian] Karachi, Roohangiz (2004) Alamtaj Qaem Maqami, Tehran: Dostansara. [In Persian] Nourbakhsh, Safoura (2009) A room of one's own, Tehran: Golshan Publishing. [In Persian] Qaem-Maqami, Alamtaj (2011) Diwan, with an introduction by Pejman Bakhtiari, Tehran: Golazin. [In Persian] Safai, Borojni (2011) From moon to the fish, Tehran: the fifth chapter. [In Persian] Shamisa, Cyrus. (2004) Literary criticism, Tehran: Ferdous. [In Persian] Articles Abrams. (2006). Feminist literary criticism. Trans. Samaneh Wasfi, Chista, 25(230), 795-788. [In Persian] Ameli Rezaei, M.(2010). The study of the evolution of maternal contents in the poetry of some poetesses from the period of constitutionalism up to present. Pazhūhish-i Źabān va Adabiyyāt-i Farsī, 17(8),1-10.[In Persian] Mohammadi, Gh. (2002). The course of women's literature in Iran and Arab lands. The Series of Conferences on the Connection between Persians and Arabs in the Persian Language and Literature. Islamic Azad University of Babol, 1342-1321. [In Persian] Shamisa, C. (2009). Expression and effects of imagery in Simin Behbahani's poetry. Faculty of Humanities, Semnan University, 8(28), 107-120. [In Persian] Waez, L, & Sadeghzadeh, M. (2005). Four contemporary female poets. Hafez, 2(21), 74-79. [In Persian] Yousefi, Gh. H. (2005). The first feminist poet of Iran: Jhaleh Ghaem Maqami. Hafez, 2(21), 75-91. [In Persian] Thesis Qadir, Mahsa (2018). Criticism and analysis of the construction of Alamtaj Qaim-maqami's poetry and comparison of structure and infrastructure with the poems of Two western poets Margaret Atwood and Gabriela Mistral. MA thesis, University of Sistan and Baluchistan. [In Persian] Razavi, Zahraalsadat (2019). Stylistic and content analysis of Jaleh Qaimmaqami's poems. MA thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University. [In Persian]
