The Comparison of Early Maladaptive Schemas, Identity Styles and Parent-child Relations between Addicted and non-addicted women in Ahvaz

Subject Areas : Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society

سودابه Bassak Nejad ¹ (Psychology Department,Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz,Iran)
مریم Jabari ² (Msc Clinical Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz,Iran)
الهه Mavalizadeh ³ (Society Department, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)

Received: 2017-06-13 Accepted : 2018-08-15 Published : 2018-05-22

Keywords: Early maladaptive schemas, Identity Styles, Addict Women, Parent-child Relations,

Abstract :

The aim of this research was the comparison of Early Maladaptive Schemas, Identity Styles and Parent-child Relations between Addicted and non-addicted women in Ahvaz. The method of this research was descriptive and ex-post factor. The statistical population included two groups, the addicted women as the experimental group and the non-addict women as the comparison group. The sample in each group consisted of 42 persons who were selected through availability method. Groups were matched based on some demographic variables such as age, education and economic-social base. Young early maladaptive schema-short form, Berzonsky's Identity Style Inventory and parent-child relationships scale were used to collect data. The subjects were completed over a period of three months. For data analysis, T test and U Mann-Whitney tests were used. The addict women got higher scores in each Early Maladaptive Schemas dimension (disconnection and rejection, impaired autonomy and performance, impaired limits, other direction and overigilance and inhibition) and in the normality and avoidance identity style also they got lower scores in information identity style. Therefore, in this variable, there were significant differences at (P<0.05) level of significance between the addict women and non-addict women. But in child-parent relationship variable, the difference was not significant. Considering the importance of initial incompatibility schemas and identitystyles in the incidence of deviations in behavior and substance abuse disorders in women, focusing on educational methods, improving the quality of relations as the important factors in the formation of identity, paying attention to the role of initial incompatibility schemas in treatment programs in order to promote  personal, psychological, social consistency, solving problems related to opioid withdrawal and preventing drug addiction can be very useful.

References:

- Ahe, Q. (2006). Standardization of the Yang Schema Questionnaire. M.S. ThesisPsychology. Tehran,Allameh Tabatabaei University. (Persian)

- Ball, S. A., Cobb-Richardson, P., Connolly, A. J., Bujosa, C. T., O’Neall., & Thomas, W. (2005). Substance abuse and personality disorders in homeless drop-in center clients: symptom severity and psychotherapy retention in a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Comprehensive Psychiatry, 5(46), 371-379.

- Ball, S. A., Young, J. E. (2000). Dual focus schema therapy for personality disorders and substance dependence: Case study results. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(3), 270-81.

- Barens, G. M. & Farrell, M. P. (1992). Parental support and control as predictors of adolescent drinking, delinquency, and related problem behaviors. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 54(4), 763-776.

- Besharat, M. A., Ranjbar Noshari, F., Rostami, R. (2008). Comparison of family functioning in patients with substance use disorder and and normal family. The Journal of Psychology and Education, 38(3), 137-156. (Persian)

- Brummett, B. R. (2007). Attachment style, early maladaptive schemas, coping self-efficacy, therapy alliance and their influence on addiction severity in methadone- maintenance treatment. NewYork: Fordham University Press.

- Christian, L. G. (2014). Parenting the young gifted child: Supportive behaviours. Roeper Review, 21(3), 215-221.

- Decouvelaere, F., Graziani, P., Gackiere-Eraldi, D., Rusinek, S., & Hautekeete, M. (2002). Hypothesis of existence and development of early maladaptive schemas in alcohol- dependent patients.Journal de Therapie comportementale et Cognitive, 12(2), 43-48.

- Dlavar, A., & Rezaei, A. M. (2008). Construction and standardization of narcology attitude questionnaire and its relationship with personal and family components among secondary and secondary school students all over the country. Tehran: Dariush Institute.

- Ezadkhasti, F. (2010). Interactive styles and psychological tests. Esfahan: Alavi's Payam. (Persian)

- Fine, M., Moreland, R., & Schwebel, A. (1983). Longitudinal effects of divorce on parent- child relationship. Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19, 703-713.

- Ghamari, M. (2011). Comparison of family size and the quality of life and the relationship of these variables between addicts and non-addicts persons. Journal of Addict Research, 5(18), 55-68. (Persian)

- Ghazanfari, A. (2004). Validation and standardization of identity style questionnaire (ISI-6G). Educational and Psychological Studies of Ferdowsi University, 5(1), 81-94. (Persian)

- Haljyn, R., & Vitburn, S. C. (2005). Psychopathology (clinical perspectives of mental disorders). In S. Y. Seyed Mohamadi (ed).Tehran: Ravan Press. (Persian)

- Hartman, S., Julie, A., Peckham, P., William R., Corbin, C., Jonathan R., Gates, C., Robert, F., Leeman,H., Jeremy, W., Luk, Kevin, M., & King, Z. (2015). Direct and indirect links between parenting styles, self-concealment (secrets), impaired control over drinking and alcohol- related outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 40, 102-108.

- Hojati, S. (2011). The survey of woman addiction. The Anti -Narcotics Committee, National Exigency Council, Tehran (persian)

- Hydar Nya, A., & Charkheyan, A. (2007). Qualityof relationship parent - child adolescents with addiction and normal people. Journal of Social Welfare, 6(25), 39-57. (Persian)

- Iraqi, Y. (2005). Validity and correlation of the relationship between aggressive and normal adolescents. M.S. ThesisTehran, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. (Persian)

- Jamse, A., Reichelt, F. K., Freston. M. H., & Barton, S. B. (2007). Schema as memories: Implications for treatment. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 21(1). 51-57.

- Javadi, R. & Akbari Zardkhaneh, S. (2009). Relationship between Identity Status and Parent-Child Relation among Addictive Women. Journal of Family Research 5(3), 371-385.

- Jessir, R., & Jessor, S. L. (1977). Problematic behavior and psychosocial development. New York: Academic press.

- Karami, E., Bahrami, H., Mohamadi Aria, A., Asghar nejad Farid, A. A., & Fakhri, Z. (2013). The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and socio pathy in homeless women with substance dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(26), 93-110. (Persian)

- Lamborn, S. D., Mounts, N. S., Steinberg, L., & Dorn-busch, S. M. (1991). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritari-an, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 62(5), 1049-65.

- Majid Pour, A., & Goodbye, M. (2001). Prevalence of drug dependence in Ardebil province. Journal of Ardabil University Medical Sciences, 1(1), 22-28. (Persian)

- Matejevic, M., Jovanovic, D., & Lazarevic, V. (2014). Functionality of family relationships and parenting style in families of adolescents with substance abuse. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 128(22), 281-287.

- Miler, T. R., Lesting, D. C., & Smith, G. S. (2001). Injury risk among medically identified alcohol and drug abuser. Alcohol clinical and Experimental Research, 25(1), 54-59

- Oweisi, A. A., & Bakhshani, N. M. (2012). Compare of early maladaptive schemas in Opioid-dependent and independent men in Zahedan. Journal of Fundamentals of Menal Health, 71(2), 14-164. (Persian)

- Rahimi Movaghar,A., Malayerikhah Langrodi, Z., Delbar Ahmadi, Sh., Amin Esmaile, M. (2011).Qualitative investigated needs woman for addiction treatment. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 2(17), 116-125. (Persian)

- Rezaei, F., Haidaripoor, S., & Ghadami, N. (2012). Early Maladaptive Schema in addicts and their association with personality disorder. Journal of European Psychiatry; Supplement, 27(1): 1-1. (Abstract). (persian)

- Riso, L. P., Du Toit, P.L., Stein, D. J., & Young, J. E. (2007). Cognitive schemas and cor belifs in psychological problems: A scientist-pravtitioner guide. Washington, D.C: Amercan Psychological Association.

- Roper, L., Dickson, J. M., Tinwell, C., Boot, P. G., & McGuire, J. (2010). Maladaptive cognitive schemas in alcohol dependence: Changes associated with a brief residential abstinence program. Cognitive Therapy Research, 34(3), 207-215.

- Schwartz, S. J. (2005). A new identity for identity research: Recommendations for expanding and refocusing the identity literature. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20(3), 293-308.

- Shaghaghy, F., Saffarinia, M., Iranpoor, M., Soltanynejad, A. (2011). The relationship of early aladaptive schemas, attributional styles and learned helplessness among addicted and non-addicted men. Addict health, 3(1-2), 45-52.(Persian).

- Shorey, R. C., Anderson, S. E., & Staurt, G. L. (2012). Gender differences in Early Maladaptive Schemas in a treatment seeking Sample of Alcohol-Dependence adults. Journal of Substance use & Misuse, 1(47), 108-116.

- Shykholslami, S., Kakoei, M. (2011) The relationship between aspects of identity and attachment style with a tendency to drug abuse. Journal of Education Psychology- Tonekabon Brand, 2(3), 39-53. (Persian)

- Tilson, E., Colleen, M., Mcbride, I. M., Lipkus, R & Catalano, F. (2004). Testing the interaction between parent-child relationship factors and parent smoking to predict youth smoking. Journal of Adolescent Health, 35(3), 182-189.

- Vlierberghe, L. V., Braet, C., Bosmans, G., Rosseel, Y., & Bogels, S. (2010). Maladaptive schemas and psychopatology: On the utility of Young's schema theory in youth. Cognitive Therapy Research, 34(4), 316-32.

- Vojodi, B., Abdol pur, Gh., Bakhshipor Rodsari, A., & Attarod, N. (2013). Predict addiction potential based on identity styles, parenting and coping strategies in secondary school students. Journal of Polis Medicine, 3(2), 123-134. (Persian)

- Warren, J. I., Stein, J. A., & Grella, C. E. (2007). Role of social support and self-efficacy in treatment outcomes among clients with co-occurring disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 89(10), 267-274.

- Yang, J., Colosseau, J., & Vishar, M. (2007). Schematic therapy (a practical guide for clinical specialists). In: H. Hamidpur & Z. Endouz (Eds). Tehran: Arjomand Publication.