مسیرهای مصرف اعتبارات خرد و توانمندسازی اقتصادی زنان وام گیرنده ؛ شواهدی از ایران

Subject Areas : Education and training

مرضیه  فراشی ¹ (دانش‏آموخته‏ کارشناسی ارشد توسعه روستایی، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان)
مهدی  رحیمیان ² (دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان)
سعید  غلامرضایی ³ (دانشیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان)

Received: 2020-11-30 Accepted : 2021-05-30 Published : 2022-09-01

Keywords: زنان, توانمندسازی, اعتبارات خرد, مشاغل خرد,

Abstract :

ارتباط بین توانمند سازی زنان و اعتبارات خرد در بسیاری از کشورها از جمله ایران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. اما مطالعات کمی تأثیر مسیر مصرف مالی خرد در توانمندسازی زنان را بررسی کرده اند. بنابراین ، هدف از این مطالعه پاسخ به این سوال مهم است که مسیر مصرف اعتبار خرد چه تاثیری در توانمندسازی زنان دارد. در این تحقیق 13 مصرف اعتبار توسط زنان مشخص شد. این مسیرها را می توان به سه مسیر کلی تقسیم کرد: (1) راه اندازی یک شغل خرد (2) سرمایه گذاری وام بصورت غیرمستقیم با امکان بازگشت وام (3) مصرف وام بدون امکان بازگشت. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل 800 نفر از زنان در شهرستان نهاوند بود که از اعتبارات خرد استفاده کرده‌اند. حجم نمونه بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان 260 نفر تعیین و نمونه‌گیری به صورت طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب انجام شد. پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه، به ‏ترتیب با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (بیش‏تر از 7/0) و روش اعتبار محتوایی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‏ها با نرم ‏افزار SPSS20 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که زنان در مسیر اول از دو گروه دیگر توانمندی بیشتری دارند. مصرف وام در مسیر سوم، اگرچه زنان را بیشتر از مسیر سوم توانمند خواهد کرد اما نتایج مقایسه میانگین، میانگین توانمندی اقتصادی گروه دوم و سوم تفاوت معناداری با هم ندارند. بنابراین ضروری است که موسسات پرداخت کننده اعتبارات خرد با بررسی اساسی قوانین پرداخت این گونه اعتبارات، کنترل بیشتری بر نحوه استفاده زنان از اعتبار خود اعمال کنند.

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