The Structure and Narrative Techniques of “autumn is the Last Season of the Year” Novel

Subject Areas : Persian language and literature texts

Teymoor Malmir ¹ , Zinat nateghpoor ²

1 - Professor of Persian Language and Literature, University of Kudistan, Kurdistan, Iran.
2 - PhD Student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

Received: 2020-07-02 Accepted : 2020-07-23 Published : 2022-06-22

Keywords: women story, Plot, Content, narration structure, relativity, Autumn is the last season of the year,

Abstract :

The novel called autumn is the last season of the year, written by Nasim Marashi, includes some stories about the life of three girls. We have analyzed the structure of the narration of the novel. The novel includes two parts, titled “summer” and “autumn” that each of these two parts have three chapters, and each chapter is narrated from the viewpoint of one of the three main characters. The main plan of the novel, is based on the alternative narration by each of these three characters that has relationship with the other character. The predominant story of each of them is based on their own specific situation. All of three women have two types of narration. The method of their narration is similar. They use alternative method. The main content and thought of the novel is the statement of relativity. We have analyzed the method of narration, dichotomy, and conflicts of the novel, naming of the book and characters and the method of partitioning of the novel based on relativity. We have addressed the relativity of the method and different skills of the author, according to the thought and content of the novel, based on structural knowledge. The existence and presence of man is important for all three women, but the kind and amount of this importance is different in each case. The multilateral narration of the novel wants to represent the common problems of the young generation, especially 1360’s youth, in different areas and situations. The research data have collected by analytical by library approach and have processed by analytical and descriptive methods.

References:

کتاب‌ها

اخوت، احمد (1371) دستور زبان داستان، چاپ اول، اصفهان: فردا.

استاترن، پل (1389) اینشتین و نسبیّت، ترجمۀ ابوالفضل حقیری قزوینی، چاپ دوم، تهران: بصیرت.

اسکولز، رابرت (1379) درآمدی بر ساختارگرایی در ادبیات، ترجمۀ فرزانه طاهری، چاپ اول، تهران: آگاه.

اسکولز، رابرت (1377) عناصر داستان، ترجمۀ فرزانه طاهری، چاپ اول، تهران: مرکز.

بی‌نیاز، فتح‌الله (1388) درآمدی بر داستان‌نویسی و روایت‌شناسی، چاپ اول، تهران: افراز.

پرینس، جرالد (1391) روایت‌شناسی (شکل و کارکرد روایت)، ترجمۀ محمد شهبا، چاپ اول، تهران: مینوی‌خرد.

تودوروف، تزوتان (1382) بوطیقای ساختارگرا، ترجمۀ محمد نبوی، چاپ دوم، تهران: آگه.

تولان، مایکل جی (1383) درآمدی نقادانه- زبان‌شناختی بر روایت، ترجمۀ ابوالفضل حرّی، چاپ اول، تهران: بنیاد سینمایی فارابی.

دهخدا، علی اکبر (1379) امثال و حکم، جلد2، چاپ یازدهم، تهران: امیرکبیر.

فورستر، ادوراد مورگان (1391) جنبه‌ها‌ی رمان، ترجمۀ ابراهیم یونسی، چاپ ششم، تهران: نگاه.

کالر، جاناتان (1388) بوطیقای ساختگرا، ترجمۀ کوروش صفوی، چاپ اول، تهران: مینوی‌خرد.

گت، و. س (1361) این جهان سرشار از شگفتی‌هاست (برخی از جنبه‌های فلسفی فیزیک نوین)، ترجمۀ محمد باقری، چاپ دوم، تهران: هدهد.

مرعشی، نسیم (1397) پاییز فصل آخر سال است، چاپ سی‌وهشتم، تهران: چشمه.

مستور، مصطفی (1384) مبانی داستان کوتاه، چاپ دوم، تهران: مرکز.

نظامی گنجه‌ای، الیاس بن یوسف (1363) سبعه حکیم نظامی‌گنجه‌ای، لیلی و مجنون، تصحیح وحید دستگردی، چاپ دوم، تهران: علمی.

یونسی، ابراهیم (1379) هنر داستان‌نویسی، چاپ ششم، تهران: نگاه.

منابع لاتین

Chatman, Seymour (1978) Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film, United State of America :Cornell university Press.

Books

Biniaz, Fathollah (2009) An Introduction to Fiction and Narrative Studies, First Edition, Tehran: Afraz.

Color, Jonathan (2009) Constructivist Poetics, translated by Cyrus the Safavid, first edition, Tehran: Minavi Khard.

Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar (2000) Proverbs and Verdict, Volume 2, Eleventh Edition, Tehran: Amirkabir.

Forrester, Edward Morgan (2012) Aspects of the Novel, translated by Ebrahim Younesi, sixth edition, Tehran: Negah.

Gat, v. s. (1982) This world is full of wonders (some philosophical aspects of modern physics), translated by Mohammad Bagheri, second edition, Tehran: Hudhud.

Marashi, Nasim (2018) Autumn is the last season of the year, thirty-eighth edition, Tehran: Cheshmeh.

Mastoor, Mostafa (2005) Basics of Short Story, Second Edition, Tehran: Center.

Nezami Ganjahayi, Elias Ibn Yousef (1984) Sabae Hakim Nezami Ganjahayi, Lily and Majnoon, edited by Vahid Dastgerdi, second edition, Tehran: Elmi.

Okhovat, Ahmad (1992) Grammar of the story, first edition, Isfahan: Farda.

Prince, Gerald (2012) Narrative Studies (Form and Function of Narration), translated by Mohammad Shahba, first edition, Tehran: Minavi-Kherd.

Scholes, Robert (1998) Elements of a Story, translated by Farzaneh Taheri, first edition, Tehran: Markaz.

Scholes, Robert (2000) An Introduction to Structuralism in Literature, translated by Farzaneh Taheri, first edition, Tehran: Agah.

Statern, Paul (2010) Einstein and relativity, translated by Abolfazl Haghiri Qazvini, second edition, Tehran: Basirat.

Todorov, Tzutan (2003) Structuralist Poetics, translated by Mohammad Nabavi, second edition, Tehran: Ad.

Tolan, Michael J. (2004) A Critical-Linguistic Introduction to Narration, translated by Abolfazl Hori, first edition, Tehran: Farabi Cinema Foundation.

Younesi, Ebrahim (2000) The Art of Fiction, Sixth Edition, Tehran: Negah.

Latin References

Chatman, Seymour (1978) Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film, United State of America :Cornell university Press.