• List of Articles Content

      • Open Access Article

        1 - The impact of digital content marketing on brand awareness through social media and customer engagement
        mousa rahimi sirous keshavarz behnaz salehipour shirazi
        The aims of this study is to investigate the effect of digital content marketing on brand awareness through social media and customer interaction. The current research is descriptive and survey and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this resear More
        The aims of this study is to investigate the effect of digital content marketing on brand awareness through social media and customer interaction. The current research is descriptive and survey and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research included all the consumers of Ramek dairy products in Shiraz city, 384 people were selected as a sample by random sampling. The data collection tool was the standard Elkdra (2021) questionnaires. To analyze the data, partial least squares approach and Smart PLS3 software were used. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between digital content marketing and brand awareness. Also, social media and customer interaction have a significant mediating role in the relationship between digital content marketing and brand awareness. It is obvious that digital content marketing as a new phenomenon plays a vital role in displaying brand name, strengthening customer relationship and increasing brand awareness, customer loyalty and sales. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Studying factors affecting communication skills in government organizations
        Davood Kiakojouri
        Organizational communication includes a process in which two or more units of a group exchange the information they need through an exchange of opinions, and since communication is one of the primary elements of management, managers must communicate effectively with the More
        Organizational communication includes a process in which two or more units of a group exchange the information they need through an exchange of opinions, and since communication is one of the primary elements of management, managers must communicate effectively with the people of the group or their peers at different levels. establish that this research is a mixed research design of an exploratory type, so quantitative and qualitative data are combined with each other by the method of connecting data, that is, connecting two sets of data by building one on the basis of the other. In the following, using in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 15 managers of the national sample using the snowball interview technique, and after theoretical ghosting, the collected data sets were organized using MAXQDA10 software and coding techniques. Then, for scaling, the calculation of face validity, content validity (CVR) and (CVI) and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used, and by distributing 500 questionnaires among 25 executive bodies of Gilan province and collecting 429 questionnaires, hypotheses were tested using the Pearson correlation method. Conducting and confirming all hypotheses and the final research model for the communication skills of managers in government organizations including information exchange, feedback, situational, technology application, analytical-perceptual, cognitive-behavioral and social skills were presented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Effect of cultivar and harvest date on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of autumn sown sugar beet in Kashmar region.
        سعيد سبزواري
        To investigate the effects of cultivar and harvest date on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of autumn sown sugar beet, an experiment was conducted in Kashmar agricultural research station in 1389 - 1388. The experiment was conducted as randomized complete bl More
        To investigate the effects of cultivar and harvest date on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of autumn sown sugar beet, an experiment was conducted in Kashmar agricultural research station in 1389 - 1388. The experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with four replications and split plot arrangement. The main plots included four cultivars (7112, SBSI002, GIADA and RIZOFORT) and factors of subplot were three harvest dates (April 20th, May 10th and May 30th). The characteristics included root yield, bolt percentage, sugar content percentage, white sugar content percentage, sugar yield, white sugar yield, for each harvest Dates was measured. Results showed that among varieties of sugar beet, root yield, bolt percentage, sugar content percentage and white sugar content percentage, were different significantly. The Giada was the most suitable cultivar for Kashmar region because of the highest root yield ( 49.17 tons per hectare) and the lowest percent of bolting. All characteristics by harvest date were affected significantly. The interaction effect of cultivar and harvest date were significant on Root yield, Bolt percentage, Sugar content percentage, white sugar content percentage, sugar yield, white sugar yield. For achieving the highest Root yield, Sugar content percentage, white sugar content percentage, sugar yield, white sugar yield, the harvest date of May 30th is recommended for the Kashmar region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Conceptualization of business excellence model: Based on future study approach
        Yousof Malek Mirzaee Mohammad Mahmoudi Maymand Ali Rajabzadeh Mahmoud Samiei Nasr
        This is a philosophical study with critical paradigm, using symbolic interactionism with fundamental orientation, inductive reasoning, the qualitative library-based approach, the Grounded Theory, meta-synthesis and the content analysis method. It aims to describe and ex More
        This is a philosophical study with critical paradigm, using symbolic interactionism with fundamental orientation, inductive reasoning, the qualitative library-based approach, the Grounded Theory, meta-synthesis and the content analysis method. It aims to describe and explore the business excellence model and identify its variables and indicators based on a futuristic approach. Using the meta-synthesis and meta-analysis techniques, the methods involve open, axial and selective coding, resulting in a new concept. The required data were collected through a review and study of the documents on business excellence models. The study specifically focused on the models set forth in valid magazines and journals with the theoretical sampling logic in order to reach theoretical saturation. We used two long-term and holistic participatory strategies for validity, as well as two coders with agreement on open coding for reliability. We used the MAXQDA software for data analysis. The findings of this study were obtained from 101 conceptual models of business excellence and 869 concepts or open codes at the coding stage. Then the basic codes with the same meanings were divided into 24 major categories, which led to the creation of five dimensions at the selective coding stage and a theoretical concept with the dimensions of people, market, work, management, and underlying factors. This theory made an important contribution to the success of small and medium-sized businesses by taking into account the new paradigms for assessing businesses in the future. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Barriers of Academic Research Commercialization
        Morteza Raei Dehaghi
        The main topic of this research is identifying obstacles to the commercialization of knowledge and technology. The importance of this is because, with the emergence of knowledge based economy, higher education policies have undergone changes that led universities to att More
        The main topic of this research is identifying obstacles to the commercialization of knowledge and technology. The importance of this is because, with the emergence of knowledge based economy, higher education policies have undergone changes that led universities to attain a competitive advantage and increase resources that play a role in global markets. This can be achieved through the commercialization of research and technological achievements. The main objective of this research is to identify and rank barriers to the commercialization of knowledge and technology at the University of Isfahan. This research is descriptive-survey based on the nature of the application. The statistical population of the study was 141 faculty members of Isfahan University that are involved in commercialization projects. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was verified by 5 experts and the validity of the construct was verified by confirmatory factor analysis using Liserl software. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. The structural equation test was used to study the hypotheses of this research. The results at 95% confidence level indicated that structural, behavioral and environmental barriers to commercialization in the University of Isfahan had a reverse effect. Also, the Friedman test was used to rank the barriers that are structural - organizational barriers, behavioral - content, contextual - environmental, were ranked in order of preferences. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - An Evaluation of the Quality of Dissertations in Educational Administration to Improve University Learning
        Abdolrahim Navehebrahim Yazdan Mansourian Sakineh Rahimi
        Context: University dissertations could be considered from two dimensions, namely content and structure. Research results should be reported in scientific method respecting essential of scientific writing.Purpose: The present research is conducted with the purpose of qu More
        Context: University dissertations could be considered from two dimensions, namely content and structure. Research results should be reported in scientific method respecting essential of scientific writing.Purpose: The present research is conducted with the purpose of qualitative evaluation of theses written for the fulfillment of the degree of Masters in educational administration in Tarbiat Moallem University during 1380s.Method: this survey research consisted evaluation of 57 theses. Data was collected by use of a questionnaire with 96 items covering 17 categories which were assimilated in7 sections, mainly introduction, general issues, literature, method, findings, results, and references. Collection of data was based on observation by use of documents in the library of the University. Analysis of the data was made by use of descriptive statistics.Findings: The findings revealed that the total mean for seven sections in theses for the study was 3.33; Mean value for Introduction, findings, and references were 3.78, 4.22, 3.74, respectively and were considered desirable. Mean for general issues, literature, method, and results were 3.07, 3.08, 3.38, 3.19, a relatively desirable.Results: The results of the study showed that theses for Masters degrees were relatively desirable in general. The study recommends that workshops in methodology, writing skills, and continuous Evaluation of theses would lead to a quality assurance in this regard. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - The Future of Media Management & The Management of Future Media
        Ali-Akbar Farhangi Ataollah Abtahi
        Preface and the aim of research: this research has an obvious question: “how will be the future ofmedia management” which can be more cleared by another question: “How will be the managementof future media”, why current media constantly alternati More
        Preface and the aim of research: this research has an obvious question: “how will be the future ofmedia management” which can be more cleared by another question: “How will be the managementof future media”, why current media constantly alternating what seems to have taken on thetraditional media which have become part of history. And these two questions immediately willchallenge us with this thought that “Future media, themself how would be”. Afterwards withcontemplation on this notion as well as through the enterprise architecture will figure out that "thishow" will be including “Form, Content and infrastructure”.In the other hand, modality of future of media management or how will be the management offuture media will have been defined by defining form, content and also infrastructure of futuremedia.Methodology of research: Based on survey Methodology, this study can be classified asdescriptive research and to do it, through library research methodology and Internet, with takingperspectives of approximately 500 specialists in communications, media, Futures Study, and ICTfields, Delphi method was used.Results (Findings): in this research, by redefining media and showing the developing relations ofsocial and public media in addition six stages of “Media transformation”, supplementation oftraditional media with digital dimensions, modality of producing new method by new form andcontent and finally necessity and expectations of the media audiences, it is specified which “There isno possibility of survival for traditional media” and “in next generation of media (future media) anew form and content must be presented”. Also, characteristics of "this new form and content" havebeen provided in "future media".Amongst essential features which were found in this research can be noted “Mandatorycontinuous change and definite destruction of form and content of the current traditional media,becoming "multi-format & hyper" all media products, eliminate of time and place of receive andbroadcast, production and broadcasting on demand, COD & POD ( Cast On Demand and ProduceOn Demand), Accompany or mobility, Interactive, cyber, Cyborg, CybHuOrg, Socializing,Intelligent, and Being Based on Apps, and dozens of other features extracted from "form andcontent".Furthermore, concepts such as PGPC (Private, Governmental, Public, and CooperationalManagement (that it is the structure of future media’s Owning. Architectural Model of Content,Global mobile media / GMM, Social Mass media / SMM, etc.Conclusions: In this study by using different Enterprise Architecture and business models, themost efficient possible model has been suggested and identified which future of media means thefuture of "the form, content, and infrastructure ". Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - The Study of Export – Import Factor Content in Iran Economy
        اکبر Komijani بیژن Baseri
        The present study examines the factor content of export- import in Iranian economy in period 1365, 1370 and 1373. The main hypotheseis is that the capacity of export in Job- Creation is more than the import in various activities between 1365 and 1373. The methodology of More
        The present study examines the factor content of export- import in Iranian economy in period 1365, 1370 and 1373. The main hypotheseis is that the capacity of export in Job- Creation is more than the import in various activities between 1365 and 1373. The methodology of this study is based on the input –output analysis and the constant price of 1361. The findings show that the agricultureal activities, textiles, internal trade, wood industry and food processing are more labor- intensive. In addition, when we moved away from 1365 year, the cofficeint shoes that capital- labor ratios have decreased in different activities. In other words, producers have managed to utilize the capital in an manner as an appropriate manner as a result of exchange rate reforms policies and credit allocation decisions. However, the export activities of the various economic sector have used the labor force advantages during the period of analysis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Analysis of Users’ Opinions about Reasons for Divorce
        Fatemeh Eghrari Solout Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Research Trends and Methodologies in the Study of Public Administration: Journals' Content Analysis, 2010-2014
        حمزه صمدی میارکلائی حسین صمدی میارکلائی
        Objective: The purpose of the present study is the exploration and analysis of the research trends and obvious methodologies in the study of the Public Administration (PA), especially in the content of the journal of "Public Administration and Development (PAD)" and "In More
        Objective: The purpose of the present study is the exploration and analysis of the research trends and obvious methodologies in the study of the Public Administration (PA), especially in the content of the journal of "Public Administration and Development (PAD)" and "International Public Management Journal (IPMJ)" in the 5-years period of time (2010-2014). Methods: Present study is a qualitative research based on the content analysis, which uses the descriptive-analytical approaches to evaluate and descript the content of journals' published papers. Findings: Findings shows that journal of "Public Administration and Development (PAD)" pays more attention to the papers which uses qualitative methods for the gathering and analysis of data, but "International Public Management Journal(IPMJ)"focus more on the papers which use quantitative methods for the gathering and analysis of data. In the case of the considered research topics, both of them move in line with each other and in the line of their own determined mission. The common focus of two journals puts on the issues such as: public service and public service motivation, public-private-civil society(citizenship)partnerships, governance and good governance, public sector performance, administrative and management reforms in the public sector, models and theoretical foundations of the public management and public administration. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Provide a High Performance Model with a Social Loafing Reduction Approach in Government Agencies (Case study: Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad government organizations)
        mostafa taheri abdokhalegh gholami
        Background and Aim: The present article aims to explain the pattern of formation of high performance systems with the approach of reducing social void in government organizations that has revived the issue of social void in the administrative system of the country. Meth More
        Background and Aim: The present article aims to explain the pattern of formation of high performance systems with the approach of reducing social void in government organizations that has revived the issue of social void in the administrative system of the country. Methods: The design of the present study is a combined sequential-exploratory method. This means that first a qualitative approach and then a quantitative approach has been used. In the qualitative part of the content analysis method and its statistical population, all scientific experts familiar with the subject, including professors and researchers in the field of public management in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces, used the theoretical saturation criterion to determine the adequacy of sampling. Is. In-depth interviews with 20 government management experts in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces have explained the theoretical model of high performance with the approach of reducing idleness. Structural equation modeling has been used in a small part and its statistical population includes executive or experimental experts and these experts mean all managers and employees of government organizations in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces. Cluster sampling method was used and the sample size was determined through Cochran's formula. Results: The results showed that the model of high performance work systems in Iranian government organizations has four main themes: high performance work procedures, results, intermediary conditions and study context. Conclusion: The results of the analysis of research interviews in the context and context of high performance formation in government organizations showed that the context and context of high performance formation with the approach of reducing social void including high performance work procedures (procedures at the structural level and procedures at the team level), Context conditions (cultural context and organizational context) and mediating conditions (behavioral factors and psychological factors) Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - An Overview of the Impact of Content ‌ Advertising on social media on Customers' Intentions to buy in home businesses
        Parima Khanbabaei naser azad Fattaneh Alizadeh Meshkani
        Brand development and management is a top priority for many organizations because the brand is one of the most valuable assets for organizations. In order to achieve a competitive advantage, the marketing activities considered in these organizations must have an effecti More
        Brand development and management is a top priority for many organizations because the brand is one of the most valuable assets for organizations. In order to achieve a competitive advantage, the marketing activities considered in these organizations must have an effective approach and the brand-related marketing communications must be in line with the marketing strategies. Similarly, researchers have done a great deal of research to understand the factors influencing brand development and management. With the advent of social media and its growing popularity, brands are also using social media as an effective channel to spread marketing communication messages, which has created a new type of communication, which is used in the best way and has become an important turning point. Has been created to successfully create and maintain a brand image, and has provided new opportunities to share brand-related information. Definitely one of the most important marketing communication tools that play a key role in consumer behavior and purchasing decisions is the content of brand advertising. Therefore, this study examines the impact of content on social media advertising on consumer behavioral intent. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - Analyzing the mediating role of social influence transmission in the impact of digital content marketing components on word of mouth e-marketing and viral e-marketing
        Mohamad Shoaib Allami mohamad Hadi Asgari
        Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediating role of social influence transmission in the impact of digital content marketing components on word of mouth electronic marketing and viral electronic marketing of food tourism industry in Guilan province More
        Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediating role of social influence transmission in the impact of digital content marketing components on word of mouth electronic marketing and viral electronic marketing of food tourism industry in Guilan province.Objective: To measure the impact of digital content marketing components by emphasizing the mediating role of social influence transfer on word of mouth electronic marketing in the food tourism industry of Guilan province and is of a practical type.Methods: The method of the present study in terms of nature, descriptive-survey and statistical population of this study included all tourists in Guilan province. Due to the unlimited statistical population, the population size was determined based on Krejcie Morgan table 384 people who were selected by available sampling method, statistical samples. Data collection tools and information in this study are digital content marketing questionnaires (Yi Bo et al., 2020); Electronic Viral Marketing (Joe Parkinson et al., 2019); And word-of-mouth marketing (Kwak and Kim, 2017); Their content validity was confirmed according to scientific experts and structural validity was confirmed based on confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity and divergent validity.Resualt:In this study, normative social influence has been able to.Conclusion: The findings showed that the transfer of social influence has a positive and significant effect on the impact of digital content marketing components on word of mouth electronic marketing and electronic viral marketing, which means that by increasing the transfer of social influence and improving its indicators, Expect the digital content marketing components to improve. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - The way of highlighting the most important social issues in Iran in the news of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (case study: 20:30 News Section)
        ARDASHIR ZABOLIZADA Javad Sadeghi Mehrdad Hajivand Dastgerdi
        Media have an essential role in highlighting the most important social issues, albeit they are not able to address all of them. The main aim of the research which was conducted through quantitative content analysis is to examine the way of highlighting the most importan More
        Media have an essential role in highlighting the most important social issues, albeit they are not able to address all of them. The main aim of the research which was conducted through quantitative content analysis is to examine the way of highlighting the most important social issues of Iran including job-related issues, urban issues, marriage-related issues, educational issues, environmental issues, drug-related issues, sexual issues, crimes, poverty and inequality derived from previous researches in 20:30 News Section of IRIB TV2 in the period from October 2016 to March 2017. The findings of the research indicate that the aforementioned news section had a poor performance in highlighting the mentioned social issues. As of 1202 news examined in the news section, only 313 news which were accounted as 26 percent of the total news addressed the issues. Based on the findings and in terms of news arrangements, from the 313 selected news related to the issues, 93 news were placed in the first priority and 97 news were hold in the second priority of the news section. Moreover, through scrutinizing the news the crimes-related issues with 29.7 percent, environmental issues with 22 percent, job-related issues with 14.7 percent and the issues related to poverty and inequality with 13.4 percent had been highlighted more than the other issues. And also, the least addressed and highlighted issue comes to sexual issues. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?”
        Seyede Sorayya Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Mehdizade Taleshi
        The current study aims to recognize the elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?” directed by Bayram Fazli in 2006. To this end Quantitative content analysis method was used in order to achieve the goals. The unit of analysis is &l More
        The current study aims to recognize the elements of postmodern cinema in the movie “Have You Another Apple?” directed by Bayram Fazli in 2006. To this end Quantitative content analysis method was used in order to achieve the goals. The unit of analysis is “scene”. Statistical population of this research is 90 scenes of movie “Have You Another Apple?”. Data were collected through the census method and were analyzed using SPSS. The findings have been analyzed based on “intertextuality” and “decline of metanarrative”. The result shows this film is a postmodern movie without a classic hero. It involves the audiences in storytelling. The film is dominated by a pseudo-surreal sphere. The postmodern films include lots of signifiers that their signified is made in audiences' minds. “Have You Another Apple?” is full of signs and symbols. Many of scenes look like painting, so it could be concluded that the figure is dominant. The main character in “Have You Another Apple?” is not like the heroes in classic films; he is immature and fool. In the most scenes of this movie, human is portrayed as a “captive”. Based on the results characters rarely try to escape from oppression, and in the most scenes they surrender. At the end of the movie, nobody overcome the oppression. The movie denies the active and aware subject and the possibility of human liberation and emancipation. This film ends while the main character running that reminds “Sisyphus Cycle and the Futility”. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        16 - Cultural Typification in Talk Show Programs (Case Study: Isfahan Network zenderood Telecast)
        Maryam Hayek
        Nowadays, media are one of the most important tools of socialization and culture through the ability to introduce specific social norms and modeling.A meaningful relationship between the cultural patterns of the community and what is shown on the television represents t More
        Nowadays, media are one of the most important tools of socialization and culture through the ability to introduce specific social norms and modeling.A meaningful relationship between the cultural patterns of the community and what is shown on the television represents the position of television in guiding the general culture of society. The article seeks to study the components of cultural modeling in the "zenderood" dialogue-driven program. Considering the role of television programs in cultural modeling for audiences as well as the high number of conversational-focused audience, and the high impact of these programs on cultural modeling, this research has provided a vibrant dialogue dialogue program as the most promising program. Isfahan Network has been analyzed.The present study is a quantitative method and the method used is "content analysis.The statistical population of the study is the zenderood program in the second half of the year 95 and the first six months of the year 96.The unit of analysis in this research is "item", and 9 variables and 53 categories in 494 items have been evaluated.Findings show that in the live-talk dialog, in the fields of cheerfulness, film and music, pop music, dialogue, women's social status, and Islamic dress patterns of women. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - Extraction and prioritization of effective components on the reduction of the dissemination of criminal ethics in the telegram
        sina asareh edris firoozian ahmad ali ghane
        One of the issues in the telegraph policy area is the dissemination of criminal content for public morals. The purpose of this study is to extract and prioritize the effective components of reducing the dissemination of criminal ethical content in general telegraphy. So More
        One of the issues in the telegraph policy area is the dissemination of criminal content for public morals. The purpose of this study is to extract and prioritize the effective components of reducing the dissemination of criminal ethical content in general telegraphy. So, in the qualitative paradigm, using the method of deep interviewing, the data were obtained, then analyzed by the method of the analysis of the subject, and 10 components were extracted, which included media education, media education, the growth of the ethics of the good and forbidding the users, the production of content Healthy and technical, the punishment of the perpetrators, the release of the verdict of the perpetrators, the activation of the faithful forces in the telegram, the organization of faithful forces, filtering and the creation of a barrier to negative searches. In the second stage, components were prioritized by Structural-Interpretative Method (ISM) in terms of penetration, impact and dependence. The most important results of the ranking are: the high impact on the growth of the ethics of the affair with the good and forbidding the media, educating the media, and the formation of the faithful forces of the telegram. Other ranking results include finding effective filtering, preventing negative searches, punishing perpetrators, and disseminating verdicts. Part of the research results show that legal and criminal policies in this area are based on cultural infrastructure, so it is impossible to achieve policy objectives without regard to this infrastructure. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        18 - Critical Evaluation of the Media Effect Studies: A Systematic Review
        Majid Mohammad zamani Seyyed Mojtaba Emami
        10.30495/mediastudies.2022.58268.1363
        The effect of media content on individuals, institutions and the general public can be measured and identified. Media effect studies have been the focus of communication and media scholars around the world since the beginning of the twentieth century; And The number of More
        The effect of media content on individuals, institutions and the general public can be measured and identified. Media effect studies have been the focus of communication and media scholars around the world since the beginning of the twentieth century; And The number of domestic studies has also been growing in recent years, but the qualitative evaluation of this trend can make researchers aware of the criticisms and gaps in existing research to pave the way to improve the quality and improve the research process in this area. Therefore, after presenting the model of media content effects, this study examines 39 selected articles using a systematic review method. The findings of this study show; Despite the quantitative growth of media effect studies in recent years, these studies have often focused on the tangible cognitive and behavioral effects of the individual and have ignored the intangible effects of emotion, attitude, belief on institutions and the public. Ignoring the active role of the audience in the effects of the media, the dominance of quantitative methodology, ignoring the macro public and institutional effects, short-term studies of media effect studies and inaccuracy of metrics are among the criticisms of most of these studies. In the continuation of this article, while presenting a proposal to address these criticisms the existing gaps of each field of cognitive, belief, attitude, emotional and behavioral effects are presented as a guide for the qualitative development of this field of study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        19 - A persuasive strategy for advertisement on social media
        Ali Ghiasian Ataolah Abtahi Neda Soleimani Ali Ameri
        10.30495/mediastudies.2022.56163.1333
        A persuasive strategy for advertisement on social mediaAbstractSocial media has been expanded and developed remarkably nowadays . Many users are active in social media every day so that these media considerably influence their audience. Social media applications install More
        A persuasive strategy for advertisement on social mediaAbstractSocial media has been expanded and developed remarkably nowadays . Many users are active in social media every day so that these media considerably influence their audience. Social media applications installed on smartphones are developing and popular due to features such as easy access , attractiveness, interactivity, and high performance in terms of providing the information needed by users . In this work, we attempted to design a persuasive strategy to advertise on Instagram. It was applied exploratory-descriptive research conducted based on a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of the study included cyberspace experts and masters. Experts were first interviewed using questionnaires, and texts of the interviews were then encoded through content analysis in MAXQDA, and ultimately 58 indicators were selected. For quantitative analysis of the data obtained from the close-ended questionnaire , the sample size was determined 196 based on the study population and using Cochran's formula. The results were divided into 11 categories using the exploratory factor analysis method. The results confirmed a proper correlation between the study elements and items.Keywords: Content analysis, advertising, social media, persuasion in advertising, media Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        20 - Producing Social Media Content Based On the Attribute of Personality and Learning to Increase Media Literacy
        taqva kulivand Mozhde Rabbani Najmeh Sedrpoushan
        10.30495/mediastudies.2022.61289.1394
        Base: according to achievements, People type of personality effect to their noticing to media and their level of learning. So one of the reasons that media has different effects to different people, is people differences of personality. Therefore, if content can be prod More
        Base: according to achievements, People type of personality effect to their noticing to media and their level of learning. So one of the reasons that media has different effects to different people, is people differences of personality. Therefore, if content can be produced based on the attribute of personality and learning, could be hopeful to be more affective. Condition of social media producing content based on the attribute of personality and learning.Material and method: In this research with mixed method, the difference of people personality and learning is gained by questionnaires and conceptual model is figured by interviewing active men and women in media and psychology.Research achievement: The most important achievements of this research are:1- Agreeableness has an inverse relation with learning method of objective experience. 2-Psychoneurosis has a relation with learning method of view reflection and there is an inverse relation between extraversion-introversion, responsibility and learning method of view reflection. 3- In this research, the ideal pattern of producing content is showing as a paradigmatic model. In this model the relation between some items creates pivotal phenomenon and some strategies are offered, which can create ideal conclusions.Conclusion: With noticing to people attribute of personality and learning, can produce applicative content in social media and therefore, with raising potency of understanding, can increase media literacy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        21 - How ISIL is portrayed in Iranian cinema(period 1390 to 1398)
        ensiyeh mahmoodi
        10.30495/mediastudies.2022.66223.1440
        In today's world, the media play a leading role in many issues in different societies, which is very important. It can be said that political, moral, social, scientific and economic issues are influenced by the role played by the media, their value and importance. And u More
        In today's world, the media play a leading role in many issues in different societies, which is very important. It can be said that political, moral, social, scientific and economic issues are influenced by the role played by the media, their value and importance. And ultimately transform, in explaining concepts such as the face of enemy and terrorist groups such as ISIS, the key role of the media can not be denied. For this purpose, in this research, we have tried to use these two main theories of constructivism and the interaction of diplomacy and media as a theoretical framework and through documentary study methods and content analysis of Iranian films focusing on ISIL in the 90s. What is the role and impact of national identity on foreign policy? How is ISIL portrayed in the content of Iranian movies in the current decade? What is the reason for this image presentation? In this study, two hypotheses of Iranian media diplomacy on the issue of weakening ISIL, in order to increase the strategic value of Iran as a savior of regional issues; Iran's media diplomacy with the aim of ensuring security and national interests was confirmed. Thus, it can be said that Iran is trying to persuade its political, economic and cultural actions and system and public opinion in the target communities to accept it by presenting the horrible image of ISIS and the desired image of Iran in movies, and thus secure its interests. Slow down and increase your power. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        22 - A Pattern of Online Social Network Content Production Based On the Ethology of Users
        taqva kulivand Mozhdeh Rabbani Najmeh Sedrpoushan
        10.30495/mediastudies.2023.68577.1474
        According to achievements, people personality traits and behavior effect to their noticing to social networks. So one of the reasons that networks have different effects to different people, is people differences of personality and behavior. Therefore, if content can be More
        According to achievements, people personality traits and behavior effect to their noticing to social networks. So one of the reasons that networks have different effects to different people, is people differences of personality and behavior. Therefore, if content can be produced based on the attribute of personality, could be hopeful to be more affective and provide the base to flourish. Goal: Offering a pattern of online social network producing data based on the ethology of users. Material and method: In this research with mixed method, the level of using networks is gained by questionnaires and conceptual model is figured by interviewing experts in psychology. Research achievement: The most important achievements of this research are: Whats app, telegram and Instagram by 34, 26 and 22 percent are the most attractive networks to use. Social, educational and cultural subjects by 23, 19 and 15 percent are the most popular subjects. Video by 39 percent is the most attractive content. In this research, the ideal pattern of producing content is showing as a paradigmatic model. In this model the relation between some items creates pivotal phenomenon and some strategies are offered, which can create ideal conclusions. By noticing to people personality traits, can produce applicative content in social networks and effect users MOR Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        23 - Evaluation of the Supreme Leader's Remarks about Cyberspace After the Formation of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace
        Mohammed Alvandi Neda Soleimani
        This paper aims to identify the approach of the Supreme Leader in the virtual space after the formation of the Supreme Council of cyberspace and identify opportunities and threats in cyberspace looked require his and identifying strengths and weaknesses internal to the More
        This paper aims to identify the approach of the Supreme Leader in the virtual space after the formation of the Supreme Council of cyberspace and identify opportunities and threats in cyberspace looked require his and identifying strengths and weaknesses internal to the virtual space of their eyes and prioritize these issues experts look, has been developed. The study was evaluation of quantitative content analysis. The population, including statements by Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamanei after the formation of the Supreme Council of Cyberspace. The findings show that the attitude indicator leader in virtual space, the resulting number is 0.09, which indicates a positive attitude and a weak leader to cyberspace. This means that although the space is an opportunity but his statements implied that the cyber threats to our society is more chances. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        24 - Analyzing the Relation between Urban Planners' role and educational content in Iran
        سید حسین بحرینی Eham Fallah Manshadi
        A review of the literature on the subject of urban planning education in the developing countries shows serious challenges in formulating the content of education in these countries. One subject is the relation between content of education in these countries and the rol More
        A review of the literature on the subject of urban planning education in the developing countries shows serious challenges in formulating the content of education in these countries. One subject is the relation between content of education in these countries and the role that planners play. No doubt the education content of what planners need should be in congruence with the professional role and position of planner in the society. In other words, before defining the education content, we should make it clear what kind of planner we intend to train and what do we expect of this planner to do. On these basis, this critical question may raise that what role urban planner essentially play in the developing countries and to what extent the content of education in these countries should adapt to this role? A brief review of the literature indicates that two general roles of active vs. advisory (or technician role) have been dominant in urban planning. Choosing between these two would imply different education content. The education content consists of three elements of knowledge, skills, and values, each of which has its own unique details. The importance of these sub-elements is different in different roles of planners. In the active role, the main knowledge needed is substantive/fundamental, the most important skill is communicative, and it is value or normative based. In the case of technician role, on the other hand, the dominant knowledge is procedural / applied, skills are technical and analytical and values are not important. In this article, the role of urban planner in Iran, as a developing country, will be analyzed, and, then, the most important knowledge and skills which are relevant to this role will be defined. In other words, this study intends to find answers to the following questions: What is the role of urban planner in Iran, as a developing country? What are the most important knowledge and skills needed by urban planners in developing countries? And finally to what extent the related educational contents are prioritized on the basis of actual role of planner? The study of planner role in the developing countries, and Iran as a case study, shows that the dominant view for the planner role is technician or advisory role in the decision-making process and the main focus is on preparing urban development plans at different scales (from national spatial planning to specific detailed plans). Planners are actively involved in physical studies. Reflection of the planner role on the education content in the developing countries shows the dominance of procedural / applied knowledge which are courses with physical orientation such as studios, urban space analysis, introduction to urban planning, urban design methods and GIS (versus environment, economics, social issues), and technical and analytical skills(versus communication skills) and values do not play any role in this regard. These results shows that there is a conformity between urban planner's role and educational content in Iran as a case study for developing countries. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        25 - Explaining the Relationship between City and Mental Health Using Content Analysis Technique and Maxqda Software
        khatereh moghani rahimi Mostafa Behzadfar samaneh jalilisadrabad
        10.30495/hoviatshahr.2023.66321.12195
        An accurate understanding of the relationship between mental health and the city is necessary for urban planning and design and is essential for promoting health and quality of life in urban environments. Indeed, a better understanding of the relationship between urbani More
        An accurate understanding of the relationship between mental health and the city is necessary for urban planning and design and is essential for promoting health and quality of life in urban environments. Indeed, a better understanding of the relationship between urbanization and psychological problems may help to develop coping strategies and shape future cities in a better way. The importance of this relationship is such that the World Psychiatric Association has established the Scientific Mental Health Division for further study. But so far, studies on the urban environment and population health have focused mainly on physical health, and mental health has received less attention. Therefore, this study was conducted to summarize previous studies and present a conceptual model showing how the relationship between the city and mental health. The research method in this research is a review, and for data collection from documentary and library studies and for their analysis, the qualitative content analysis method has been used. In fact, this study uses an interpretive approach to analyze library documents and, based on the extracted textual codes, tries to analyze and describe the relationship between the city and mental health. Findings indicate that 25% of researchers in this field consider birth and life in the city as independent factor that reduces mental health. Of course, some other researchers have addressed this issue in more detail and introduced influential urban factors. In fact, social factors, with 44% repetition, are the most critical factors affecting mental health, followed by economic factors, with 13.2% repetition; environmental factors, with 12.4% repetition; various factors, with 10.4% repetition; factors related to Housing with 9.2% repetition, physical factors with 7.6% repetition and transportation-related factors with 3.2% repetition are essential, respectively. Also, population density, with 7.2 per cent repetition and then environmental pollution, with a repetition percentage of 6, are the essential urban factors affecting the mental health of citizens. As a result, thinkers in this field consider social factors such as population density and environmental factors such as environmental pollution as the most important factors reducing the mental health of citizens. As a result, the city has direct effects on mental health as well as through social, economic, and environmental stressors, various factors, housing-related factors, physical factors and transportation, which are essential, respectively, leading to stress and health. Reduces the psyche. Of course, the city also affects mental health by lowering public or physical health because the areas of health and mental health are highly interdependent. Mental health also affects the city, both directly and through stress and public health. As a result, urban stress and physical health can mediate the effects of urbanization on mental health and the impact of mental health on the city. A better understanding of this relationship and the result of mediation and trying to reduce the harmful effects of cities on mental health will significantly help in the development of coping strategies, better planning of future cities and maximizing the benefits of urban life. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        26 - Content Analysis on Architectural Criticism in Architectural Publications During 1946-2001
        Iman Raeisi seyed abdolhadi daneshpour
        This research is based on explaining criteria effects on contemporary architectural publications in Iran and arguing that if there has be no criticism, there would be no real value specified for artistic work and if transition process of art has not been argued, culture More
        This research is based on explaining criteria effects on contemporary architectural publications in Iran and arguing that if there has be no criticism, there would be no real value specified for artistic work and if transition process of art has not been argued, culture and art would stagnate.  Therefore regarding to the importance of architectural criteria as a social necessity and a leading subject to an important development of the society itself, including both artists and their supporters, it is a minor factor to improve them both. At this point of view, showing interest in architectural criticism as a multidimensional artwork-expressed by art, technique, culture, society and function, it is a basic indispensable need for every society. In contemporary architectural history, there have been many struggles by architects and critics due to develop this issue which has been led to an appearance of new styles and methods in contemporary architecture and philosophy. For instance Le Corbusier in his monograph named "toward architecture" criticizes classical architecture and demonstrates a draft on modern architectural standards and indexes. Furthermore Robert Ventury in his monograph named "complexity and contrast in architecture" while criticizing modern architectural principles, he clarifies standards and indexes for postmodern architecture. On the other hand, an architectural criterion is a missing subject in the literature of Iranian contemporary architecture and it seems that there have been not adequate researches made on this subject. This research has been concentrated on this question that what the effects of criteria are in contemporary architectural publications in Iran. The considerable theory is that criteria have had a limited impact on the establishment of Iranian contemporary architecture and this had led to a decrease of architectural quality.  Therefore the analysis of content is made on architectural criticisms in related publications during 1946-2001 by studying qualitative information in this research. Making an efficient selection of essays for a proper use specially the classification of architectural publications had been seemed necessary in this research.  At last eleven publications which are mentioned as followed had been chosen for analyzing: 1-Architect publication (1946) 2-New architecture publication (1960)  3-Art and architecture publication (1968)  4- Architecture and urban planning publication (1989)  5- Soffe publication (1990) 6- Fine arts publication (1995) 7- Abadi publication (1996) 8-Architect publication (1998)  9-Ravagh publication (1998) 10-Architecture and culture (1999)  11- Iran architecture publications (2000). At the end all mentioned reviews (240 editions) were studied and essays which were based on contemporary architectural criticism have been selected. This research is mainly based on an especial study that is related to interpretational, fundamental and deductive approach with an conclusive argument which is based on experimental accomplishment in cooperation with the pre-research theory and with analytic method support and finally has led to a content analysis  which has been made in a specific period of time. As a conclusion and relying on statistics which has been extracted from Iranian architectural publications, it seems that criticism has a very low effect on leading Iranian contemporary architecture toward furtherance and their slants. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        27 - The Complexity of Relationship between the Physical Environment and Residents' Walking in Tehran, Iran: A Qualitative S‌tudy
        Sara Dadpour Hamid Reza Khankeh
        10.30495/ijaud.2021.17400
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        28 - Effect of foliar application of iron, potassium, and zinc nano-chelates on nutritional value and essential oil of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
        Elham Danaee Vahid Abdossi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        29 - Investigation the impact of Ag nanoparticles of orange fruit’s peel, chitosan and silamol treatment on tomato nutritional health content
        Saeideh Bagheri Pezhman Moradi Fereshteh Nematolahi Vahid Zarinnia Vahid Abdossi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        30 - Two lives’ flow The evolution trail of a criminal character in light of criminological browse through the book “Death is my trade”
        Gelavizh Sheikholeslami vatani Mohamad Ashouri Nasrin Mahra Mohamad Ali Mahdavi Sabet
        10.30495/jlap.2022.19543
        In the process of transition from thought to criminal action, what happens for a professional offender in his/her continuing desire to commit a crime is the strong attraction and lack or weakness of deterrents that lead to his or her reintegration into society. But why More
        In the process of transition from thought to criminal action, what happens for a professional offender in his/her continuing desire to commit a crime is the strong attraction and lack or weakness of deterrents that lead to his or her reintegration into society. But why professional offenders are reluctant to use deterrents? Among the many reasons that can be listed, there are three cognitive factors: First, they do not judge and justify social issues except from their own point of view and logic. Second, they do not shy away from actions that bring harm to others and finally not only altruistic tendencies are often weak or absent, but they also suffer from some kind of emotional indifference in their interactions with other people. The present study, which sought to explain why and how this indifference occurred, seeks a cognitive explanation of the criminal transition path of the life of a professional criminal named Rudolf Franz Höss, introduced by the author as Rudolf Lang. A narrative that focuses on a few fundamental components: The process of crystallization of anti-social behaviors influenced by childhood experiences and memories, Lack of family, religious and social interests, The importance of risk components in different age periods and finally the formation of a criminal character and its evolution in the context of time. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        31 - Happiness within Iranian culture and its political consequences
        Aliakbar Amini
        In ancient Iran culture, happiness was emphasized. The Iranians had found some solutions for removing sadness from their life. For instance, they had established various ceremonies where the young, and, the old, the learned and the unlearned had participated. They might More
        In ancient Iran culture, happiness was emphasized. The Iranians had found some solutions for removing sadness from their life. For instance, they had established various ceremonies where the young, and, the old, the learned and the unlearned had participated. They might have come through this secret that laughing is a drug for all pains. Although, Islamic Gnosticism has kept some thoughts and customs like the way of living a happy life alive, but sadness has been gradually increased. Krishna Murty, the contemporary Gnostic, says: making people happy is an art which governments should try to achieve. In this article the solutions offers for living a happy life or at least for adapting a balanced state between happiness and sadness are considered. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        32 - Fox Index Reaction Versus Companies With the Possibility of Fraud Based on Content Analysis Methodologies: An Empirical test of Incomplete Revelation Hypothesis
        vahid bekhradi nasab
        The Incomplete Revelation Hypothesis argues that some companies, for some reason, disclose the information incompletely, complexly, difficultly and rigorously. One of the reasons why disclosure of information is difficult is the existence of fraudulent financial reporti More
        The Incomplete Revelation Hypothesis argues that some companies, for some reason, disclose the information incompletely, complexly, difficultly and rigorously. One of the reasons why disclosure of information is difficult is the existence of fraudulent financial reporting. Fraud encourages the director to disclose information in a complex way so that the minds of users of financial information go beyond anything other than fraud. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the Fox Index Reaction Versus Companies With the Possibility of Fraud. Fox Index is a benchmark for identifying the complexity of financial statements. The research methodology is based on a content analysis approach based on an incomplete Revelation hypothesis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2016. The sample size is based on the systematic elimination of 112 companies. The research hypothesis was tested using multiple regression model and parent test based on Panel data. According to the incomplete Revelation hypothesis, the research evidence suggests that companies with a high probability of fraud are more complicated financial reports with less readability than companies with a low likelihood of fraud Publish. The findings of the present study, while completing the gap, have been carried out in the field of concealing the opportunistic behavior of managers about the non-disclosure of financial information, can be used to increase potential investors, stock market organizations and other stakeholders. Accounting information is useful in decision making Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        33 - Scientometrics Study of the Islamic Finance sphere treatises in Iran
        Younes Nobakht
        The purpose of this article is to scientometrics study of treatises in the Islamic finance sphere in Iran with using the content analysis technique. The statistical population of the study consists of 153 thesis published in universities and educational centers of the c More
        The purpose of this article is to scientometrics study of treatises in the Islamic finance sphere in Iran with using the content analysis technique. The statistical population of the study consists of 153 thesis published in universities and educational centers of the country. Research data were collected by using a check list tool and analyzed by Excel software. The findings of the research show that Imam Sadegh University and Qom Seminary each with 35 and Allameh Tabataba'i University with 14 thesis titles produced the highest number of treatise in this field. Of all the treatises; 58 titles (38%) were in the subject of Islamic jurisprudence, Islamic financial law with 29 (19%) and Islamic banking with 19 (12%) titles of theses are in the next rank.  The most research method used in the writing of treatises is a descriptive-analytic research method that has been used with a jurisprudential approach. Also, educational disciplines of Islamic sciences with 36 titles, Jurisprudence and principles of Islamic law with 26 titles and Private law and economics each with 23 titles, have published the highest number of dissertations in this field.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        34 - Effect of Different Levels of Corporate Risk Disclosure on Investors' Perceptions
        MohammadHossein Labibzadeh حجازی Hejazi allahkaram salehi Farshin Hormozi
        10.30495/jfksa.2022.20590
        Disclosure of the main risks of the business unit and changes in those risks, along with management plans and strategies, to address or reduce these risks and the effectiveness of risk management strategies. This disclosure of information helps financial users assess th More
        Disclosure of the main risks of the business unit and changes in those risks, along with management plans and strategies, to address or reduce these risks and the effectiveness of risk management strategies. This disclosure of information helps financial users assess the entity's risks as well as their expected consequences. The purpose of this research of Effect of Different Levels of Corporate Risk Disclosure on Investors' Perceptions. In this study, considering that there was no clear and coherent basis for the separation of levels of risk reporting, based on the methodology of the qualitative sector, an attempt was made to identify the dimensions of risk disclosure based on the content analysis process. Therefore, in terms of the result of this research, it is developmental, and in terms of its applied purpose, it is in the category of semi-experimental research. It is also a combination of research data types. In this study, a scenario-based questionnaire was used to test the hypotheses. The scope of the research in 2020, the statistical population included active investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange, 160 people were selected as a sample size and examined. The results of the research in the qualitative part indicate the existence of two main categories as levels of risk reporting of capital market companies. The results in the quantitative section also showed that the average perception of investors in the convergence of risk disclosure is higher than the divergence in risk disclosure Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        35 - Comparing Social Dimensions of Quality of Life in Development Plans of the Country
        Saeed Pesaran Razzagh Mehrdad Navabakhsh Reza Esmaili
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        36 - A Comparative Study of the Family Lifestyle in the Novel “Shazdeh Ehtejab" in the 1940s and the Novel "My Bird" in the 1980s
        Akram Merikhnejadasl Zahra Zare Mehdi Mokhtarpour
        10.30495/ijss.2022.20705
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        37 - Content Analysis of Iranian Celebrity Posts with the most Followers on Instagram
        Zahra Zare
        10.30495/ijss.2022.20079
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        38 - Prediction of Message Diffusion: A Deep Learning Approach on Social Networks
        husnyeh safearyan Mohammad Jafar Tarokh Mohammad Ali Afshar Kazemi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        39 - Developing a Content Marketing Model for Online Cosmetic Shops
        Maryam Ghaderifar jamshid salar Aliakbar Aghajani afrouzi
        10.30495/jhm.2023.72424.11119
        Introduction: In today's modern world, the biggest change in the beauty industry since a decade ago has been the widespread penetration of social media into people's lives. One of the main reasons that a business succeeds in the field of selling cosmetics and hygiene pr More
        Introduction: In today's modern world, the biggest change in the beauty industry since a decade ago has been the widespread penetration of social media into people's lives. One of the main reasons that a business succeeds in the field of selling cosmetics and hygiene products is that it produces correct and attractive content; therefore, the aim of the current research was to develop a content marketing model for online stores of cosmetics and health products based on a mixed approach. Methods: First, based on data base theory and based on interviews with 21 experts, open, central and selective production codes were presented, and then the content marketing model of online stores of cosmetics and health products was presented. In the qualitative phase of the research, which is based on the foundation's data approach, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were used. The sampling method in database theory is purposeful and theoretical sampling. In the interviews, the selected people were selected using a targeted method and snowball technique with maximum diversity. The interviewees included managers, experts, experts and professionals in the field of content management who had university education and were familiar with management sciences and were among the best in Mazandaran, Tehran and Gilan provinces. For the quantitative validation of the model and checking the relationships of the components, the approach of structural equation modeling by partial least squares method using SMART-PLS3 software has been used. Results: The results of the quantitative stage showed that the relationships in the model with appropriate effect coefficients were confirmed. The output of the model shows that the significance coefficient between the research hypotheses is out of the range of ±1.96 and this means that all research variables are confirmed at the 95% confidence level in the statistical sample. Conclusion: Proper planning and management by the business owners of the online stores of cosmetics and health products, as well as analyzing the behavior of the audience and optimizing and updating the websites and continuously monitoring the SEO statistics of the websites and online stores and being interactive with the audience are the main pillars of providing quality services.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        40 - Content Strategies in Social Media: Health-Oriented Brand Communities in Iran
        kianoush nazari ameleh pejman jafari farhad ghaffari
        Introduction: The rapid growth of social media has created many opportunities for health professionals to undertake a large part of their marketing activities in this area. The main objective of the current study is to fully understand the main factors of the content st More
        Introduction: The rapid growth of social media has created many opportunities for health professionals to undertake a large part of their marketing activities in this area. The main objective of the current study is to fully understand the main factors of the content strategy in Instagram social media health clinics to increase the engagement of brand community members. Methods: The present study was done in two stages. In the first stage, through the investigation of previous studies and deep interview with 8 native experts the model has been designed. Second stage, relations between the variables of the model were investigated. In the method, a multiple case study, 1572 posts of Instagram, 8 health clinics, were coded and analyzed using a netnography method during a year. Results: At 95% confidence level there was a significant relationship between the content type (p<0.001( and hashtag (p<0.000( with the customer engagement variables and between the content agility (p<0.001( with the customer engagement (except of save post and discovery percentage), and between the content day (p<0.001( with the customer engagement variables  (except of discovery percentage and impression), and relationship between content context (p<0.001( with customer engagement (except of profile visit and discovery percentage) and tone of voice (p<0.002(  with customer engagement (with the exception of likes, discovery percentage and new folowers). Conclusion: The resulting factors help the health clinics to optimize the content of their brand community, which can increase the number of members of a brand community and engage them with content.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        41 - Identifying and analyzing variables affecting the advertising effectiveness in the healthcare system
        mohammad hosein riahi shahnaz nayebzadeh abolfazl davodi roknabadi
        10.30495/jhm.2023.72897.11126
        Introduction:  The importance of advertising as a tool to change people's attitude and behavior, along with the high costs of advertising, the issue of the advertising effectiveness, especially in the field of health, has attracted the attention of many country&rsq More
        Introduction:  The importance of advertising as a tool to change people's attitude and behavior, along with the high costs of advertising, the issue of the advertising effectiveness, especially in the field of health, has attracted the attention of many country’s managers and decision makers as well as researchers; Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify and cognitively map the variables affecting the advertising effectiveness of organizations active in the healthcare system in order to develop suitable scenarios in this field. Methods: The present qualitative-quantitative mixed research in the first step identified variables affecting the advertising effectiveness by analyzing the content of articles published at the national and international level in the field of health and in the second step through a questionnaire related to fuzzy cognitive mapping of relationships between eleven variables obtained from the first step has been analyzed and the scenario has been compiled by Fcmapper and Pajek software. Results: Data analysis resulted in eleven frequent variables in the selected articles that have an effect on the advertising effectiveness in the field of health, along with their impact and scenarios for achieving the goals of the health and treatment system in the field of advertising. Conclusion: The effectiveness of advertising is the extent to which an advertisement ends in a desirable effect, considering the high amount of government investment on health advertisements and also the undeniable importance of health, the present research invite the managers and decision makers of organizations active in the health and treatment system to increase the awareness of the audience through useful advertising that invites appropriate information on the features of health-related products and services; Effective advertisements that use the brand value in this area along with the social influence of healthcare specialists to reduce the mental risk of the target audience and pave the way to the realization of the goals of the countries in the field of prevention, treatment and promotion of people's awareness in the field of health. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        42 - Thematic Content Analysis and Visualization of Co-Authorship of Scientometrics Journal Articles During 2015-2020s
        Shiba Kianmehr Sedigheh Mohammadesmaeil
        10.30495/jhm.2023.72418.11117
        Introduction: The aim was to identify the priorities, co-authorship, thematic distribution of medical sciences, and determine the contribution of countries in the publication of Scientometrics articles, in order to cluster and illustrate the topics of the medical field More
        Introduction: The aim was to identify the priorities, co-authorship, thematic distribution of medical sciences, and determine the contribution of countries in the publication of Scientometrics articles, in order to cluster and illustrate the topics of the medical field according to the frequency of occurrence of words in the titles of the articles. Methods: Content analysis as a conducting qualitative research (based on scientometric indicators, quantitative approach of descriptive statistics, using scientometric software and techniques, has dealt with the systematic review of Iran's medical field in the WOS database, American Scientometrics magazine. The research community has been 1441 articles in 60 published issues (2015-2020). By searching for all types of indexed English documents in the advanced search section, 421 articles were retrieved, then using subject groups, articles related to separate medical fields (382) was examined. Results: In identifying priorities and thematic distribution of articles, 5 thematic areas of citation, bibliometrics, collaboration network and lexical network, author and science have been the most frequent. The analysis of the share of countries also showed that China, America and Spain respectively had the highest amount of scientific production in Scientometrics. Conclusion: The thematic policy of the field of Scientometrics within the country in medicine is somewhat consistent with the thematic policy of this field at the international level. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate and monitor the subject categories that have been less worked to push domestic research in that direction and strengthen the categories that have been worked on as well.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        43 - Conceptualizing Social Health through Viral Advertising
        shima shahhosseini bideh sayyed hasan hataminasab shahnaz nayebzadeh Mohammadreza dehghani ashkezari sayyed majid mirhosseini
        10.30495/jhm.2023.74753.11153
        Introduction: Advertisements play an important role as an efficient strategy in improving the level of social health of the society. The aim of the current research is to qualitatively analyze articles in the field of viral advertising and to identify and determine the More
        Introduction: Advertisements play an important role as an efficient strategy in improving the level of social health of the society. The aim of the current research is to qualitatively analyze articles in the field of viral advertising and to identify and determine the ranking of indicators in the field of social health. Methods: In this study, with a systematic review and according to the PRISMA guidelines, the articles published in the field of viral marketing during the period from 2001 to 2022 were investigated in the Wos database, and the data were guided by using qualitative content analysis. Then, using fuzzy screening, the effective indicators were identified and prioritized using the fuzzy method. Results: By analyzing the qualitative content of the selected articles, 26 indicators were extracted and using the fuzzy screening method, 17 indicators were identified as effective indicators and prioritized by the fuzzy method. Conclusion: The social health field is constantly looking for ways to adapt to new technologies. Therefore, the principled and correct use of viral advertisements can be considered as a new perspective in the field of social health. The results of the research showed that among the 17 confirmed indicators, information, creativity, source reliability, innovation in the message, and accessibility are more in order than capacity and indicators of message specialization, fantasy, social stimulus, interactivity, and perceived intention. The source of the least capacity can have significant improvement and growth of social health. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        44 - Entrepreneurship Development Policies in Iran; A critical Review of the Strategic Document and A Comparison to Alphabet Model of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor
        nahid jamali Soudabeh Vatankhah mohammadreza maleki Sayed Mohammad Hassan Emami
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        45 - Examining the Relationship of Training on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Effectiveness
        H. Vasudevan
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        46 - Investigating the effect of Content and Social-Relation Gratification in Instagram on customer purchase intention, explaining the mediating role of customer resonance
        milad moradi dizgarani Abozar Aghaei Kordshami
        Instagram network as a social network focused on sharing photos and videos, is a new phenomenon and affective on users purchase behavior which in the field of marketing and customer purchase behavior has been less studied. This study aims to Investigating the effect of More
        Instagram network as a social network focused on sharing photos and videos, is a new phenomenon and affective on users purchase behavior which in the field of marketing and customer purchase behavior has been less studied. This study aims to Investigating the effect of Content and Social-Relation Gratification in Instagram on customer purchase intention, explaining the mediating role of customer resonance. This study is an applied one according to the purpose and it is a descriptive survey according to the method. The statistical population consisted of all students of Razi University of Kermanshah on the number of 13161 people. The sample size has been calculated 374 people, based on a Cochran formula. The sampling procedure was convenience sampling and a questionnaire was utilized to collect data. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. Convergent and divergent validity were also used to confirm the validity of the questionnaire. The statistical analyses were run by SMART-PLS. The results of the study reveal that hedonic value, homophile and informational influence have a positive and significant effect on customer resonance in Instagram network. As well as customer resonance in Instagram network has a positive and significant effect on customer purchase intention. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        47 - Investigate the difference of the impact of brand engagement (consumption of content and contribution of content) on social media between Generations X and Y
        sara rostamizad K. Heidarzadeh fereshteh lotfizadeh
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of the impact of brand engagement (consumption of content and contribution of content) on social media between Generations X and Y. in terms of goal, is an applied research and in terms of data collection metho More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of the impact of brand engagement (consumption of content and contribution of content) on social media between Generations X and Y. in terms of goal, is an applied research and in terms of data collection method is descriptive. In order to gather information in this research, library and field method and a standardized questionnaire whose reliability was confirmed by Cronbach 's alpha coefficient and its composite reliability and its validity was confirmed by Convergent Validity and content validity, were used. The statistical population is the students of Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, who has an Instagram page the study sample was calculated using Cochran's formula of 400 people who were selected using stratified sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Minitab software and all hypotheses were confirmed at 95% confidence level. The results show that Brand Affiliation motivation, Investigation Motivation, Opportunity Seeking motivation, Conversation motivation, Contribution of content, e-WOM referral intention is higher in Generation Y than in Generation X. Entertainment motivation and Consumption of content is higher in the Generation X than in Generation Y. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        48 - A Qualitative approach to Developing a content marketing model
        Maryam Ghaderifar, Jamshid Salar Aliakbar Aghajani afrouzi,
        10.30495/jomm.2023.74138.2066
        The main goal of this research is designing a content marketing model in online stores of cosmetics and health products, carried out qualitatively based on the grounded theory approach. First, with the help of the foundation theory, a semi-structured interview was utili More
        The main goal of this research is designing a content marketing model in online stores of cosmetics and health products, carried out qualitatively based on the grounded theory approach. First, with the help of the foundation theory, a semi-structured interview was utilized to collect data. The data were then analyzed through Strauss and Corbin’s method and the Paradigm Model. Targeted modeling and snowball technique were used to samples for deep interviews, carried out with 21 experts and university professors. The open, central, and selective codes were produced followed by the development of the paradigm model for the content marking in online cosmetics and health stores as well as the output of MAXQDA software. During the qualitative stage, which was based on the grounded theory, 20 factors relating to content marketing model were identified by carrying out deep and semi-structured interviews and were used as the basis for the design of the paradigm model; there were: design, branding, social effect, quality of website services, technology infrastructure, marketing, law, managers’ decision-making, cosmetics and health website competitiveness, creating accurate and valuable content, empowerment of sales managers, strategy, content, human resources, customer relations management, performance, effective communication factors, economic factors, media, privacy factors. These components were classified under 6 main dimensions of the research which were causal conditions, background conditions, interfering conditions, phenomenon orientation, consequences, and strategies. The results of the study indicate that the online cosmetics and health stores are required to create relevant, attractive, and accurate content so that they will be able to attract more customers and retain sustainable competitive advantage. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        49 - A content analysis of cost and management accounting books
        shanaz mashayekh mahnaz mahmoodkhani fatemeh geramirad
        10.30495/jma.2022.20202
        The book is one of the most important necessary components of education in higher education of Iran. The state of publishing and printing of textbooks indicates the situation of excellence of the disciplines, Therefore the main purpose of this study is to investigate th More
        The book is one of the most important necessary components of education in higher education of Iran. The state of publishing and printing of textbooks indicates the situation of excellence of the disciplines, Therefore the main purpose of this study is to investigate the publishing status of cost accounting and management accounting books. In this research, a quantitative content analysis method has been used. The statistical population includes all books in the field of cost accounting and management accounting in the latest descriptive bibliography of the National Library until the end of March 2019. The results indicated that out of a total of 803 books, about 37 volumes were published before 2000, and the rest after that. The most active writer in this field is Jamshid Eskandari. The best-selling book, cost Accounting, by Adolph Matz, is one of the most influential publishers of Sanjesh Publications. A total of 1,568 people contributed to the writing of the books, of which 85% were men and 15% women. 80% of the works are compiled by book authorship, 13% by translation, and 7% by compilation. Also, 51% of the works are the result of group participation and 49% are the individual works. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        50 - Investigating impact of Tax Avoidance on Earning Informativeness of Firms Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Shima Karami Feriydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Zahra Dianati dilame
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of tax avoidance on earning in formativeness as one of the explicit consequences of implementing sophisticated tax strategies. Hence,, we run multiple tests on a sample including 70 firms accepted in Tehran Exchange More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of tax avoidance on earning in formativeness as one of the explicit consequences of implementing sophisticated tax strategies. Hence,, we run multiple tests on a sample including 70 firms accepted in Tehran Exchange Market over the period 1387 to 1391. Evidence depicts that tax avoidance impairs earning in formativeness, for tax avoidance triggers not only an increase in opaqueness and complexity of financial reporting, but also a reduction in transparency of reports which eventually engenders difficulties for investors in understanding the reported earnings. Thus, investors will put little value on earning in their decision making process. Moreover, further research dealing with explicit consequences of tax avoidance contribute us to identify a reduction in the overall information environment of firms which are at a higher level of tax avoidance. This reveals that management will not be able to fully compensate the potential loss in earning in formativeness associated with tax avoidance (even by disclosing alternative information). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        51 - Thematic analysis of scientific publications - Research Journal of Finance and Accounting Finance in Iran and comparison with panel data model
        fraydoon Rahnamay roodposhti Bahareh Banitalebi Dehkordi maryam kaviyan
        The thematic analysis of publications in scientific research - research in the field of accounting and finance, and Finance magazine America and compare them with each other using panel data models deals. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of this approach More
        The thematic analysis of publications in scientific research - research in the field of accounting and finance, and Finance magazine America and compare them with each other using panel data models deals. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of this approach content articles on the subject of accounting and financial publications. The population of eleven in scientific journal - Research on Accounting and six in scientific journal - Research funding during the period 1388- 1391 and compare them with 480 articles published in the magazine finance, During the years 2008-2011 is Using quantitative content analysis in research methods and statistical analysis and econometric methods are. The results indicate that significant but weak relationship between the number of journal articles published by Iranian accounting and accounting issues there. Iranian financial publications are also significant positive relationship between the number of articles published with financial issues there. In addition, a significant positive relationship between finance America's Approach publication in the magazine's finances there. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        52 - A Study of Sale and Income in Firm Valuation
        هاشم نیکومرام علیرضا زارعی سودانی
        This research studies the information content and the incremental informationcontent of sale(revenue) vs. income in Cement Industry by panel Regressions. Resultsexplain: 1- The contemporaneous information content of sale and income are similarand overlapping in short-te More
        This research studies the information content and the incremental informationcontent of sale(revenue) vs. income in Cement Industry by panel Regressions. Resultsexplain: 1- The contemporaneous information content of sale and income are similarand overlapping in short-term, 2- The contemporaneous incremental informationcontent of sale than income for short-term is not notable, and 3- Over time, thepersistence of power of current period sale to explain the future stock price variationsis notably more than income; In other words, the incremental information content ofsale variations for long-term is significant. Finally, paper proposes some applicationsfor public companies' financial reporting, and performance evaluation in price changebased on sale. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        53 - A comparative study of the impact of audited and non-audited earning on the stock value by considering the information asymmetry
        Hashem Valipour M. Javad Valipour
        The purpose of this study, in the first step is to compare the information content of audited and non-audited earning, in the relation with changes in stock value. In The second step is to examine the effect of the information asymmetry on the information content of the More
        The purpose of this study, in the first step is to compare the information content of audited and non-audited earning, in the relation with changes in stock value. In The second step is to examine the effect of the information asymmetry on the information content of the audit and non-audit earning.The statistical population of the study is listed firms in Tehran Stock Exchange. Based on applied criteria for selecting the sample, 214 firms selected over the period of 2 years from 1391 to 1392. To collect data was used of libraries method and for analyzing data was used of the regression analysis.The results indicate that the audit and non-audit earning has a significant positive impact on stock value. Also the findings, Implies that audited earning has more information content than non-audit earning. Other evidence also shows that information asymmetry has a moderator for relationship between the audit and non-audit earning with changes in the stock value. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        54 - An exploration of factors affecting content elements of the web-based integrated reporting with a corporate citizen approach
        fatemeh darogheh hazrati akram taftiyan Mahmoud moeinadin
        10.30495/jma.2021.19290
        The web-based integrated reporting allows for information that is different from that of traditional reports. The quality of web-based reporting is affected by the content elements of the report. Content elements investigate the type of disseminated information or the a More
        The web-based integrated reporting allows for information that is different from that of traditional reports. The quality of web-based reporting is affected by the content elements of the report. Content elements investigate the type of disseminated information or the availability of information. Therefore, the present research aimed to identify and investigate factors affecting the content elements of the web-based integrated reporting with a corporate citizen approach. To this purpose, a systematic analysis was conducted on the findings of 282 previous studies using a qualitative research approach and a seven-step meta-synthesis tool. Finally, the opinions of 12 experts and professors were gathered through a questionnaire. The effect coefficient of the identified factors was then determined using Shannon's quantitative entropy method and based on the content analysis approach. Finally, factors that have the greatest influence on the web-based integrated reporting elements were identified. The results from this research are a great help to professional auditors and financial managers of institutions in identifying factors affecting the quality of providing the web-based integrated reporting elements Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        55 - Content Analysis of Earning Management Researches
        Nayerehsadat Hoseini Reza Gholami Jamkarani
        This research analyses the content of published earnings management researches. We examine occurred changes in earnings management researches and their causes by studying published earnings management articles in top 5 global accounting journals, for 1996-2016, that inc More
        This research analyses the content of published earnings management researches. We examine occurred changes in earnings management researches and their causes by studying published earnings management articles in top 5 global accounting journals, for 1996-2016, that include 196 articles. Our results show the largest number of earnings management articles, 7.65%; have published in 2006, 2008 and 2010. Most of these articles, 37.24%, have published by Accounting Review and the largest number, 13.70%, have been in 2002. Also the dominant approach is accrual approach, 59.70%, in articles. We find that among academic institutions, New York University had the highest contribution, 3.34%. The most useful model has been Jones model (1991), 24.60%, and Modified Jonnes model (1995), is in second place, 21.93%. Correlation study is most useful research method, 59.18%, in articles. Earnings management is independent variable in most articles, 64.29%. The relation between earnings management and other variables is significant, in most articles, 95%, which shows their information content and validity of measuring. The findings of the research indicate significant contribution in the East Asia countries(9.57%) and United States and real earnings management approach in articles after enactment SOX in 2002, in response to economic events such as the financial crisis in East Asia and America and enactment SOX. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        56 - Content Analysis of Behavioral Accounting Research in Iran
        Younes Nobakht
        The purpose of this paper is to investigate behavioral accounting studies in Iran between 1993 and 2017. This research is an applied research and is based on content analysis methodology. The research data were collected using a check list tool and statistical analyzed More
        The purpose of this paper is to investigate behavioral accounting studies in Iran between 1993 and 2017. This research is an applied research and is based on content analysis methodology. The research data were collected using a check list tool and statistical analyzed using Excel software. The research findings show that over the years, 222 articles have been published in this area, the major part of these researches are in the fields of financial accounting (69), auditing (59) and management accounting (28). Beyond these articles, articles about tax and information systems are standing at the last point of studies with just one article about. In addition, the study of quadruple levels of behavioral accounting research suggests; Investigations related to the level of individuals with 85 and environmental conditions with 83 cases are in the first rank of interest of Iranian scholars. Also, research related to the levels of organizations and groups with 33 and 21 research respectively in the next rank. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        57 - Content analysis of scientific journals of accounting and financial published between 2009-2012
        Fatemeh Geramirad Mahdi Mohamadi Narges Sarlak
        In order to content analysis of scientific journals of accounting published between 2009-2012, a research performed through content analysis by using a checklist. Results show that during researched years, about 1241 articles were published in mentioned journals, also i More
        In order to content analysis of scientific journals of accounting published between 2009-2012, a research performed through content analysis by using a checklist. Results show that during researched years, about 1241 articles were published in mentioned journals, also it indicated a double and three-fold growth in the first years, and increasingly growth in the following years.2871 authors have contributed that 2365 of them are men and 506 are women. About 48% of participant have Phd degree and 36% have MA degree. In scientific ranking, 31% are assistants,12% are assistant professors, and educators and professors stand in the next steps.7% of articles have only one author and 93% are the results of grouping work. Among universities, Islamic Azad University with 571 articles stand in the first step and Tehran University with 571 articles in the second step. Also Rahnamay roudposhti, Rahmani, and Kordestani are known as the most prolific writers in this research. Although, 1299 of participants (45%) have not published only one article in a year. In the subjective area, most of the published articls (53%) are in the field of accounting, 27% in financial science and 8% in Auditing. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        58 - Compare the priority thematic strategies - and motivational content structured professional ethics for accountants and accounting students from the perspective of teachers, school students and university teachers
        Farshideh Farzin Bahare Banitalebi Dehkordi Mahmood Bakhshinejad
        This study aimed to compare the priority thematic strategies - and motivational content - structured professional ethics for accountants and accounting students from the perspective of teachers, school students and university teachers in vocational schools and universit More
        This study aimed to compare the priority thematic strategies - and motivational content - structured professional ethics for accountants and accounting students from the perspective of teachers, school students and university teachers in vocational schools and universities using factor analysis was conducted . The population consisted of two teachers of technical institutes and professional accounting and accounting professors who teach at the University of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, is. LISREL software is a tool used in confirmatory factor analysis. The results show that, in terms of content solutions - an issue of integrity and ethical values and social concepts and principles of Islamic ethics and principles of professional ethics has the highest priority are tailored to each country's culture and ethics relationship between employees are the next priorities. The motivational strategies - structural comparison of the two groups shows that the highest priority in terms of school teachers and university professors teaching professional ethics as an independent subject and the other is the inclusion of ethics in the training courses. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        59 - Content analysis of publications Rated - Scientific research in the field of accounting in Iran
        فریدون رهنمای رودپشتی بهاره بنی طالبی دهکردی مریم کاویان
        This study analyzes the thematic content publication Rated-Scientific research inthe field of accounting in Iran as they pay based of theirs title from 1993 to2012.Objective approach of this research to determine the content of this journalarticles on the subject of acc More
        This study analyzes the thematic content publication Rated-Scientific research inthe field of accounting in Iran as they pay based of theirs title from 1993 to2012.Objective approach of this research to determine the content of this journalarticles on the subject of accounting .Population consist of 1154 article published in11 journal seasick Rated -Scientific research in the field of accounting and methodsof quantitative research using content analysis. Reviewed articles include of topics offinancial accounting, management accounting, auditing, financial management,management and governmental accounting publications published during the years1993 to 2012 .The result show that the majority of papers published on the subject financialaccounting with 29% and financial management with 24%, 22% published withsubject management accounting, 14% with auditig,6% management and only5%article with subject government accounting has been published. Accordingly,financial management issues in professional accounting journals is increasing. Thispaper attempts to analyze the content of research trends in scientific researchjournals on accounting Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        60 - Study of usability of pruned branches of Lagerstroemia spp in particleboard manufacturing
        Meysam Mehdinia Mehrdad Ahmadi Edris Moazeni
        10.30495/jrnr.2022.65277.10232
        The aim of this study was to investigate the usability of pruned branches of Lagerstroemia spp. as a lignocellulosic substitute for particleboard manufacturing. In this study, the pruned branches of Lagerstroemia spp. were used at three levels of 20, 30 and 50% in weigh More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the usability of pruned branches of Lagerstroemia spp. as a lignocellulosic substitute for particleboard manufacturing. In this study, the pruned branches of Lagerstroemia spp. were used at three levels of 20, 30 and 50% in weight and press temperature at three levels of 160, 170 and 180 °C, and the amount of adhesive at two levels of 8 and 10 were considered as variable factors. The results showed that the flexural properties (MOR and MOE) and internal bonding were decreased by increasing the amount of pruned branches of Lagerstroemia spp.‎ in the final board composition, while the amount of water uptake and thickness swelling were increased after 2 and 24 h of immersion. On the other hand, all mechanical and physical properties including flexural properties, internal bonding, water uptake and thickness swelling were improved by increasing the amount of adhesive and press temperature, after 2 and 24 hours of immersion. Finally, the results showed that the ratio of 40% of the pruned branches of Lagerstroemia spp.‎ can be used in combination with industrial wood chips to produce particleboard. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        61 - The Impact of Virtual Social Networks on National Identity (Case Study of Students at Sistan and Baluchestan University)
        Abdul Latif Caravani
        Introduction and Purpose of the Research: National identity, the main synthesis and specific link between local identity and Common transnational identities. National identity is a set of attitudes and positive attitudes towards identifying elements and patterns and int More
        Introduction and Purpose of the Research: National identity, the main synthesis and specific link between local identity and Common transnational identities. National identity is a set of attitudes and positive attitudes towards identifying elements and patterns and integrated in the state as a political unit. National identity is influenced by several factors, one of the factors that could affect the national identity, are virtual social networks. In this way and with the aim of the present study, Study the relationship between virtual social networks with national identity. Research method: This research survey was conducted among students at the University of Sistan and Baluchestan. A sample of 400 selected according to Cochran formula and stratified sampling has been conducted. Findings: The results show that the variables Join the virtual social network, Internet usage, the use of virtual social networks, the history use of virtual social networks, The sense of freedom in virtual social networks, Type of content sharing, kind Likes and Comments, join the groups, and the type of news they have a significant relationship with national identity. Findings suggest that the underlying variables, the variables age, sex, education, and ethnicity have a significant relationship with the national identity. Conclusion: In summary, based on research findings, virtual social networks are one of the factors that make a lot of changes to user identities, and especially to the national identity of users, and has a significant role in changing the identity of users Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        62 - Analysis of effective themes on water consumption culture; Islamic approach (qualitative study)
        neda Rajaeian Narges Keshtiaray Mohammad Ali Nadi
        Purpose: One of the most important issues in Islam, is water conservation. Therefore the current research focuses on Islamic cultural components that are effective on water consumption. Method: This is a qualitive study, Attride-Stirling approach, that analyzes the cont More
        Purpose: One of the most important issues in Islam, is water conservation. Therefore the current research focuses on Islamic cultural components that are effective on water consumption. Method: This is a qualitive study, Attride-Stirling approach, that analyzes the context taken from local papers and Islamic scriptures relating to water use and consumption patterns. The contexts were organized in three categories, namely basic, organizing and comprehensive whose aim is to enable the researchers to access the Islamic culture contexts regarding water consumption. Findings: Four comprehensive factors namely belief, norm, value and knowledge as the main components of Islamic culture of water consumption, eight organized factors namely trust in God, social norm, ethical (religious)norm, legal norm, procedural norm, improving Islamic culture of the society, water as God's grace and honesty as secondary principles and at last 34 codes of basic content as small factors that should be considered in water consumption with emphasis on Islamic culture were obtained. Result: The combination of these four components shows water consumption in a Muslim society. In our country, desirable use of water has not yet been perceived as a culture. However simple but practical methods such as saving, training and following religious teachings can help improve the level of Islamic culture in the field of water in consumption.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        63 - Culture-led Urban Spaces Principles; with emphasize on Urban Regeneration
        Rozita Arabian Hamid Majedi Hosain Zabihi
        Today, culture is one of the urban capital and creating urban spaces base on cultural infrastructure is a great challenge in large cities. Many urban spaces due to numerous problems, have confronted inefficiency and stagnation of urban life. This issue has ended up with More
        Today, culture is one of the urban capital and creating urban spaces base on cultural infrastructure is a great challenge in large cities. Many urban spaces due to numerous problems, have confronted inefficiency and stagnation of urban life. This issue has ended up with fewer attractiveness in spaces. Moreover, it may seem that the regeneration of urban spaces with a focus on culture, can solve existing challenges and somewhat leads to reduce the same risks of urban spaces. Therefore, it becomes crucial to recognize the concept of culture-led regeneration and its influential components and principles on urban spaces. This study attempts to extract and analyze the principals involved in the success of the culture-led regeneration process of urban spaces by examining the concepts, theories and data obtained. This developmental-applied study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach to research. The research is also qualitative. Samples of the study were collected purposefully and data were analyzed through content analysis and estimation based on the generalized linear model. Research findings show that the culture-led regeneration process of urban spaces, tries to prepare urban spaces to achieve a long-term of a public space through five components including improving civic identity, sustainable development, city branding (promoting urban competitiveness), capital enhancement and placemaking. Based on findings, this goal will be achieved by applying seven principles including tourism and event-led development, cultural development, promotion of urban properties, making image and place based on distinct advantage, urban environmental quality, civil society, and the optimum economic structure. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        64 - Cultural Content Analysis of Films Screened at Roshd International Film Festival in 1397 (Case Study: Children and Adolescent Film Festival)
        Seyyedeh Alavieh Noori Abbasali Ghaiyoomi
        10.30495/jcm.2022.20698
        AbstractIntroduction & Objective: In this study, the cultural content of films screened at the Roshd International Film Festival in 1397 has been analyzed. The studied films are the selected films of the Children and Adolescent Film Festival.Research Method: This re More
        AbstractIntroduction & Objective: In this study, the cultural content of films screened at the Roshd International Film Festival in 1397 has been analyzed. The studied films are the selected films of the Children and Adolescent Film Festival.Research Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and the method is descriptive-survey (quantitative-qualitative). Data collection tools have been done using the documentary method in the form of library studies and the use of reputable sites that publish articles and research in the field of literature. The statistical population of the studied films consists of children and adolescent films. Accordingly, films have been selected for the audiences of elementary and secondary school. The statistical population for quantitative analysis of research and evaluation of the research items screened in films is composed of reviewers and experts of Roshd International Film Festival.Results: The results show that the average opinions of judges in educational, training, scientific, and cultural factors were 26, 28, 29, and 38, respectively. Therefore, the cultural factor has been considered more in these films than in other cases.Conclusion: The 48th Roshd International Festival could show educational, training, scientific, and especially cultural indicators in children and adolescent cinema and perform its tasks. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        65 - The effect of polar copolymers in protein absorption on contact lenses on 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA)
        Mohammad Yari S.S Sharehjini Omid Moradi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        66 - identify the dimensions, components and indicators of promoting organizational commitment of employees of the Central Organization of the Islamic Azad University in the form of model presentation
        مریم احمدی mehdi shariatmadari mohamadnaghi imani asqar sharifi
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21309
        The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of promoting organizational commitment of employees of the Central Organization of the Islamic Azad University in the form of model presentation. The research method is descriptive in terms More
        The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of promoting organizational commitment of employees of the Central Organization of the Islamic Azad University in the form of model presentation. The research method is descriptive in terms of application, in terms of data collection method, which was done with a cross-sectional survey approach. The statistical population included experts, specialists and individuals aware of organizational commitment. By targeted non-random sampling, 30 people were selected as a sample. Data collection methods were field and field documenting and data collection tools included semi-organized interviews and Delphi data collection questionnaires with fuzzy logic. The validity of the Goba method and its reliability link is also determined by the agreement method between the coders. To "analyze" qualitative data, content analysis, fuzzy delphi, and MAXQDA software were used. Finally, 3 dimensions, 16 components and 100 indicators were finalized. Results Indicates that the dimensions of promoting organizational commitment (individual, organizational and environmental) and its components (positive sense of job, work experience, flexibility, trust, autonomy, organizational climate, organizational culture, organizational justice, job motivation, job security, management support, work communication, leadership skills, alternative job opportunities, social environment and economic environment). According to the dimensions and components, a model was presented that had a favorable fit. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        67 - Study of factors affecting the political anomie among youth between (18 to 32) province Ilam
        عزالدین نوریان فر
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21204
        abstract:When social norms and collective consciousness will lose its legitimacy on the one hand and "division of labor" on the other hand be cut off anomaly in a society dominated by and norms formality, lose your credibility in such circumstances, the order of anomie More
        abstract:When social norms and collective consciousness will lose its legitimacy on the one hand and "division of labor" on the other hand be cut off anomaly in a society dominated by and norms formality, lose your credibility in such circumstances, the order of anomie web arises. The key themes in social and political fields at the community level, promoting and intensifying its political anomie. One of the fundamental causes of change accelerated the emergence of anomie in modern societies, especially in developing countries.. examined the factors affecting political anomie among young people aged 18 to 32 conducted in Ilam.The methodology of the study was cross-sectional and standardized questionnaires were used to collect data. In this study, random cluster sampling method to determine the sample size was 138 people from young girls and boys in Ilam. variable religious solidarity and individualism, among other variables and anomie in the relationship shown significant level of 0.000. Also showed that the level of political anomie average more common among adolescents and among female gender can be shown that the poor anomie (5/46) far more than political anomie weak (9/37) among men. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        68 - Comparing development plans of the country from the quality of life social dimensions’ view point
        saeed pesaranrazzagh Mehrdad Navabakhsh
        10.30495/jisds.2007.21285
        This article aims to reveal “quality of life social dimensions” position in different development plans of the country after the Islamic revolution. Quality of life social dimensions includes, “social and economic security”, “social solidar More
        This article aims to reveal “quality of life social dimensions” position in different development plans of the country after the Islamic revolution. Quality of life social dimensions includes, “social and economic security”, “social solidarity”, “social integration”, “social empowerment”, and “social continuity”. Main objective of the article is to compare development plans of the country from the quality of life social dimensions’ view point. Content analysis method is used in the article taking into account the concept or notion analysis unit existing in the texts of the country’s (First to sixth) Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan. Main findings of the research are: Social and economic security dimension has enjoyed the most presence in the Sixth Development Plan while it enjoyed lowest attention in the Second Development Plan. Social solidarity dimensionobtained the most attention in the Forth Development Plan and the least attention in the first and second plans (the presence of the dimension in the third to sixth plans was almost similar). Social empowerment dimension has rendered most presence in the Forth Development Plan and gained the least attention in the Second Development Plan than other plans (third to sixth plans provided more capacity for the dimension). Social continuity dimension has enjoyed more attention in the fifth and forth plans respectively while it gained the least attention in the first and second plans (the dimension played similar role in the third and sixth plans). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        69 - Providing a sustainable social development model based on entrepreneurial planning
        yaser vatani majed nasiri hadi sanaiypur mohamnad bagher gorji
        10.30495/jisds.2023.72784.11882
         According to the urgent need of today's society, providing a suitable model for sustainable socialdevelopment can be the only way out of the many problems of today's society at the intersection of social,economic, political, biological, etc. problems. This importa More
         According to the urgent need of today's society, providing a suitable model for sustainable socialdevelopment can be the only way out of the many problems of today's society at the intersection of social,economic, political, biological, etc. problems. This importance will not be realized without a new look at thesechallenges and creativity in entrepreneurship. Therefore, in this research, we seek to provide a sustainablesocial development model based on entrepreneurial planning. The current research has a fundamental purposeand a practical approach, and the research method is mixed.The current research has a fundamental goal and apractical approach, and the research method is mixed. The number of which is 11 people, and in the quantitativepart, they include senior managers, experienced people, in the employment sector of Golestan province, andusing simple random sampling method, 950 people were selected, and the sample size is 274 people based onMorgan's table. The tool for collecting information in the qualitative part is a semi-structured interview and inthe quantitative part it is a researcher-made questionnaire. Content analysis model was used to identifysustainable social development indicators and meta-composite model was used to identify entrepreneurialplanning indicators. Structures examined to provide the basic model of sustainable social development; Socialtrust, social participation and solidarity, environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, socialresponsibility are the studied structures to provide the basic model of entrepreneurial planning; Entrepreneurialstrategy, entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepThe results of the structural model showed thatentrepreneurial planning has a positive  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        70 - A survey on the impact of watching the satellite on life style
        sharareh Mahdizadeh Vahideh Khosravi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        71 - Comparison of the Country's Development Programs in terms of including the Social Dimensions of Quality of Life
        Saeed Pesaran Razzagh Mehrdad Navabakhsh
        This article aims to reveal “quality of life social dimensions” position in different development plans of the country after the Islamic revolution. Quality of life social dimensions includes, “social and economic security”, “social solidar More
        This article aims to reveal “quality of life social dimensions” position in different development plans of the country after the Islamic revolution. Quality of life social dimensions includes, “social and economic security”, “social solidarity”, “social integration”, “social empowerment”, and “social continuity”. Main objective of the article is to compare development plans of the country from the quality of life social dimensions’ view point. Content analysis method is used in the article taking into account the concept or notion analysis unit existing in the texts of the country’s (First to sixth) Economic, Social and Cultural Development Plan. Main findings of the research are: Social and economic security dimension has enjoyed the most presence in the Sixth Development Plan while it enjoyed lowest attention in the Second Development Plan. Social solidarity dimensionobtained the most attention in the Forth Development Plan and the least attention in the first and second plans (the presence of the dimension in the third to sixth plans was almost similar). Social empowerment dimension has rendered most presence in the Forth Development Plan and gained the least attention in the Second Development Plan than other plans (third to sixth plans provided more capacity for the dimension). Social continuity dimension has enjoyed more attention in the fifth and forth plans respectively while it gained the least attention in the first and second plans (the dimension played similar role in the third and sixth plans).   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        72 - Tourism & Renovation Attitude in planning of historical contents of cities Case Study: Isfahan City
        Parviz Kardavani Venous Mored Ghaffari
        All cities and civil spaces may be subject to tear and wear in content and/orfunctions like most of human being products and due to the passing of time andclimatic situations and different accidents. One of the basic problems of historicalcities with special nature and More
        All cities and civil spaces may be subject to tear and wear in content and/orfunctions like most of human being products and due to the passing of time andclimatic situations and different accidents. One of the basic problems of historicalcities with special nature and identity is nice attention to renovation and betterment ofhistorical contents and generally interfere in old culture of it.It is for many years that specialists and professionals of civil problems and personsin charge of Isfahan city are involved in betterment and renovation of old culture ofcity accompanied with different guidelines. The current situation of old nature ofIsfahan is a good reaction of the mentioned guidelines.The most important and major goal of interfering functions are for betterment andrenovation of historical culture and planning for returning this collection to its lifechain. The survival of the content is based upon its activity and cooperation in currentlife scale in city. Therefore it is the only way for renovation of historical contents ofcity and planning it with historical ways with Tourism base attitude and guarantees thefurther success. It is possible and so much effective in attraction and activation ofTourism in a historical city like Isfahan.The real object of this thesis is to consider historical, cultural and tourism abilitiesof Isfahan city in attraction of tourists. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        73 - Pathology of Staff Training Needs Assessment in Mashhad Municipality Using a Three-Branch Model
        salman alehasan zohre shahmohamadi morteza karami
        Introduction & Objective: The purpose of this study is to improve the educational needs assessment process of Mashhad municipal employees using a three-pronged model. In this model, organizations are examined from three structural, behavioral and contextual perspect More
        Introduction & Objective: The purpose of this study is to improve the educational needs assessment process of Mashhad municipal employees using a three-pronged model. In this model, organizations are examined from three structural, behavioral and contextual perspectives. Method: In terms of methodology, this research has a qualitative approach that has been done with the help of interview tools. The validity and reliability of the instrument have been confirmed by Goba and Lincoln criteria. Content analysis method has been used in the analysis of findings. Statistical population: The statistical population of this research was the heads of planning departments and experts of transformation and modernization of Mashhad Municipality and the sample of the research is all these people. Results: In this study, by analyzing the interviews, injuries were identified in five categories of process injuries, methodological injuries, injuries related to participants and related to prioritization and scheduling of staff training in Mashhad Municipality. Conclusion: The analysis of findings showed that the major injuries in all five categories based on the three-pronged model were more related to structural issues that require more coordination of educational needs assessment with the structure, strategies and rules of the organization.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        74 - Application of Content Analysis Method to Evaluate and Identify the Brownfields Redevelopment Process in Leading Countries
        فرشاد Nooriyan کاظم Afradi
        Introduction: Brownfield refers to lands which are derelict and have contaminated the environmental. Redevelopment is viewed of the best ways to confronting the negative effects of such lands. On the one hand, redevelopment process of this land cannot be promoted withou More
        Introduction: Brownfield refers to lands which are derelict and have contaminated the environmental. Redevelopment is viewed of the best ways to confronting the negative effects of such lands. On the one hand, redevelopment process of this land cannot be promoted without a scientific and accurate view and this creates necessity to define and identify a process based on the experiences of other countries. Goal of Study: Based on the said need, the goal of study is to develop a process comprising the main and subsidiary steps. Method: The method is descriptive-analytical and in this text, firstly the different proposed brownfields redevelopment process from leading countries, that are expert in brownfields, is identified and then evaluated with the "content analysis" method. Findings: Evaluation showed that the all proposed processes main common points, are "Beginning", "Cleaning up", "Designing and planning" and "Implementation". In a subset of each of these key stages, there are series of subsidiary stages with peculiar steps. This subsidiary stage according to each country, city and site specific situation, have special necessity and relevance; in other words are flexible in terms of performance. Conclusion: It is worthy that in our country, the main parts of brownfields redevelopment process, specially military brownfields, carried out with a glimpse at this process; meanwhile, the subsidiary steps should be implemented based on our country special social, economic and environmental conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        75 - Investigating the status of organizational culture with the approach of participatory culture strategy in Tehran Urban Research and Planning Center
        ELHAM AMIRI Kaveh Teymournejad leila saeidi
        10.30495/ums.2024.23130
          Introduction and Objective: A strong organizational culture can be recognized as a primary factor in fostering collaboration and participation among employees. The aim of this article is to examine the status of organizational culture using a participatory c More
          Introduction and Objective: A strong organizational culture can be recognized as a primary factor in fostering collaboration and participation among employees. The aim of this article is to examine the status of organizational culture using a participatory culture strategy approach at the Tehran Urban Studies and Planning Center. Method: This study is considered applied-developmental research, based on quantitative data collection through questionnaires. The statistical population consists of managers and employees of the Tehran Urban Studies and Planning Center, totaling 155 individuals. The sample size was determined to be 110 individuals using Cochran's formula. Results: After ensuring the adequacy of model fit, the structural equation model was confirmed based on the research pattern and recent changes in confirmatory factor analysis. Since the model fit was good, there was no need to remove indicators from the model or draw covariance between errors. Conclusion:: Based on the results of structural equations, the path coefficient from internal environment to main phenomenon is 0.87, from external environment to main phenomenon is 0.59, from external environment to moderating factors is 0.61, from main phenomenon to moderating factors is 0.68, from institutional requirements to moderating factors is 0.79, and from moderating factors to outcomes is 0.69.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        76 - Designing the model of organizational culture based on participatory culture strategy approach in the Tehran Urban Research and Planning Center
        ELHAM AMIRI Kaveh Teymournejad leila saeidi
        10.30495/ums.2023.23121
        Introduction and purpose: A strong Organizational culture can be recognized as a primary factor in creating collaboration and participation among employees. The aim of this article is to present a model of organizational culture with an emphasis on participatory culture More
        Introduction and purpose: A strong Organizational culture can be recognized as a primary factor in creating collaboration and participation among employees. The aim of this article is to present a model of organizational culture with an emphasis on participatory culture in the Tehran Urban Research and Planning Center.Research Method: The current research paradigm is interpretive, and from the perspective of the user audience, it is applied-developmental, with a theoretical approach in this research being inductive-comparative. The expert panel of this research includes managers and experts from the Tehran Municipality, consisting of 16 experienced individuals based on theoretical saturation. In this study, the thematic analysis technique by Braun and Clarke (2006) was used.RESULT: After conducting the review and standardization phase, all themes were categorized into 5 main themes and 23 sub-themes.Research Conclusion: The 5 main themes include internal environment, external environment, institutional requirements, moderating factors, and consequences. The sub-themes include structural and organizational areas, productivity, human capital management, managerial aspects, laws and regulations, adaptability of capabilities, capacities and culturalization processes, political-social-cultural flows, economic-technological aspects, international and organizational-administrative aspects; legal requirements; normative and professional aspects; systematic participatory culture; effectiveparticipatory culture; value-added participatory culture; result-oriented and quality-oriented participatory culture; accountable and transparent participatory culture; healthy participatory culture; ethical participatory culture; future-oriented and purposeful participatory culture; rule-based participatory culture; disciplined and ethical participatory culture; development-oriented and innovative participatory culture; manager-centered participatory culture   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        77 - Analysis of the Role of Agricultural Extension on Conservation of Agricultural Water Resources: A qualitative study in the Kermanshah county
        maryam shirkhani reza movahedi Musa Aazami Hamid Balali
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of agricultural extension on conservation of agricultural water resources in the Mahidasht Plain of Kermanshah County, Iran. A qualitative study was adopted with a conventional content analysis approach. The purposive sa More
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of agricultural extension on conservation of agricultural water resources in the Mahidasht Plain of Kermanshah County, Iran. A qualitative study was adopted with a conventional content analysis approach. The purposive sampling method was conducted using snowball method. Data collection was done through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with four groups of key informants, including managers, experts, researchers, and university lecturers from 10 organizations related to agricultural water resources (N=51). Data were analyzed using the MAXQDA-10 software concurrently with data collection. Also content analysis of documents related to the research subject was conducted. 347 primary codes, 5 main categories, and 11 sub- categories emerged as the results of qualitative content analysis process. These categories as the role of agricultural extension on conservation of agricultural water resources, include: Improving cultural and social situation including, making culture for optimal consumption of resources (39 codes), increasing participation (29 codes), and creating employment opportunities (22 codes); improving economic situation of stakeholders including, increasing agricultural production and productivity (26 codes) and increasing income (24 codes); improving policy-making including, agricultural development (28 codes) and water resources policies (37 codes); improving organizational and institutional interactions between agricultural extension and research organizations and universities (33 codes) and the Non-governmental and private organization (28 codes); and modifying behaviors toward exploitation of fundamental production resources (42 codes) and unsustainable production practices (28 codes). These key roles for agricultural extension is essential to help solving the water crisis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        78 - Content Analysis of the Viewpoints of Researchers at Agricultural Research Centers Regarding the opposition to the cultivation and consumption of transgenic products in Iran
        yahya safi sis ahmad rezvanfar
        While there is no reliable scientific information about the results of the cultivation and consumption of transgenic products at the community level, and the controversy between the proponents and opponents has led the process to continue, researchers seem to be the onl More
        While there is no reliable scientific information about the results of the cultivation and consumption of transgenic products at the community level, and the controversy between the proponents and opponents has led the process to continue, researchers seem to be the only group that due to high knowledge, they can be responsive to consumers, farmers and the Governors. In this regard, the present study was conducted on the basis of qualitative paradigm and using content analysis to analyze the views of researchers at agricultural research centers on the opposition to cultivation and consumption of transgenic products in Iran. In order to collect the data, a semi-structured interview method with 23 researchers was used with purposeful sampling and snowball sampling. The findings of this study showed that the three factors of "environmental degradation", "endangering human health" and "Imposing cultivation and consumption, weak ethical considerations and lack of national independence" are the reasons for the opposition to the cultivation and consumption of transgenic products from the viewpoint of researchers at agricultural research centers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        79 - Content analysis of the agricultural TV program Talash-e-Sabz in Khorasan Razavi Province
        leila Maleksaeidi Ghasrodashti Payam Memarbashi
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of the TV-agricultural program Talash-e-Sabz, which produces in the Jihad Group of Khorasan Razavi TV. The statistical population of the study included Talash-e-Sabz programs broadcast from September 2017 to September More
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of the TV-agricultural program Talash-e-Sabz, which produces in the Jihad Group of Khorasan Razavi TV. The statistical population of the study included Talash-e-Sabz programs broadcast from September 2017 to September 2016. Sampling was random and included selecting one part of the program per month. Finally, 12 parts of this program were reviewed and content analysis. Results indicated that among the various items of the program, the presenter's speech occupies the largest percentage of the program time, and the interview with experts, show section and the speaker's speech are in the next categories. Among the axes in question, the axis of horticulture has been in the highest priority, while the axis of food and conversion industries has been the lowest priority. The results of the content separation of the studied programs in terms of topics showed that the usual thanksgiving and socializing with viewers and farmers had the highest frequency during the program and then, issues related to planting, holding and harvesting horticultural and agricultural products, the economic importance of agriculture, livestock and the environment and its place in the exchange rate and turnover and production goals of agricultural and livestock products have had the most repetition in the program, respectively Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        80 - ‌ Evaluation and comparing the reviewers‌ facilities of‌ national and international conferences management systems
        Maryam Ghafori Asefeh Asemi
        Purpose: The main objective of this study is to identify and compare the features of­ content management systems of conferences, at the national and international level. Methodology: In this research, a description of analysing system (web-based survey), Suehas: ora More
        Purpose: The main objective of this study is to identify and compare the features of­ content management systems of conferences, at the national and international level. Methodology: In this research, a description of analysing system (web-based survey), Suehas: oral interview­, seeing­ the conference website and various parts of the system, an available movies and slides, documentary and library studies methods including study guides, educational menus and all existing evidence, empirical and practical study were conducted. Finally, for measurig the available facilities in the selected samples and comparing them the descriptive method was used (Descriptive statistics, frequency tables, bar and radar charts  using SPSS and Excel software). The population of the study was conferences management system in the national and international level. The samples of the study consisted of three national conference management systems (Yekta Web, Afzare Shargh, Negar and Adak) and three international systems (ASME, Conftool and OCS(PKP). Findings: The findings showed that among the international system, Conftool system in terms of what the Juror has reached the highest score. In the national systems, Negar system of Fraznt corporate­ in the part­ of the Juror of the Congress was the highest score in terms of facilities. Conclusion: Finally, researchers concluded that the investigated systems had a little difference­, they all had the capabilities of the standard systems. Also,­ Negar conference management system­, had little difference with those of conferences of international management systems. These findings can help in the design,development, purchase, or use the new conference management­ systems. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        81 - The Image retrieval recall and precision rate in the Bing, and Google image search engines
        Ali Jalali Dizaji reza khaleghi Seyyed Mahdi Taheri
        Purpose: The study purpose was to determine and compare the Recall and Precision of Bing and Google Image search engines for content based image retrieval. Methodology: The research used webometrics and comparative methods. Population includes images stored in the datab More
        Purpose: The study purpose was to determine and compare the Recall and Precision of Bing and Google Image search engines for content based image retrieval. Methodology: The research used webometrics and comparative methods. Population includes images stored in the databases of Bing and Google search engines, and research sample includes 15 selective images searched in any of search engines. All the retrieved sources through the images by image content based image search were gathered, results’ Recall and Precision measures were calculated by relevance formula and their average percentage were obtained. Research hypotheses were tested by U  Mann-Whitney test as well. Findings: Findings showed that the Google search engine functionality was higher with recall measure of % 88.73 than recall rate (%20.86) for Bing. But Bing search engine had higher precision (% 99.86) than Google (%94.80). Results: Hypotheses tests on recall and precision in two search engines’ image retrieval showed a significant difference for recall in favor of Google, indicating its better functionality than Bing but there was no significant difference between them concerning precision since both showed fair precision however Bing was relatively useful.    Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        82 - Content analysis of the illustration of children story books: primary school age groups during 80
        Zohreh Mirhossieni Zahra Abazari Fatemeh Madani
        Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the children`s story books illustration during 80`s. Four factors are analyzed in this research:1. Appearance 2. Relation between illustration & content 3. Relation between illustration & primary school childre More
        Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the children`s story books illustration during 80`s. Four factors are analyzed in this research:1. Appearance 2. Relation between illustration & content 3. Relation between illustration & primary school children needs 4. Quality of illustrations. Method: The research method is conceptual content analysis. The criteria of The Children Book Council and The Children & Young Adult Intellectual Center are adopted in this research. According to the criteria, a checklist is prepared. On the whole, 335 books during decade 80's, were accidentally analyzed by the checklist. Findings: The findings show that, the first factor (Appearance) with 55.38% were in good conditions & 30.7% were not good enough.The second factor  (Relation between illustration & content) with 70% were in good relations & 2% were not good enough.The third factor (Relation between illustration &children needs) with 60.3% were in good relations & 16% were not good enough.The fourth factor (quality of illustrations) with 44.73% were in good quality and 27% were not good enough. Conclusions: According to the findings, the published books of 80's for primary school children had a good status regarding appearances and their relation with the needs. The relation between the content & the illustrations was considered, but the quality of the illustration was less considered. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        83 - Analysis of traditional reference questions of National Library and Archives of IR of Iran
        Sedighe Shakeri Farnaz Mohammadi Saeideh Akbaridaryan
        Purpose This research aims to examine content analysis of traditional reference questions. Methodology: A content analysis method was used to measure all traditional reference questions during one month including 354 questions. Findings: Types of reference questions, re More
        Purpose This research aims to examine content analysis of traditional reference questions. Methodology: A content analysis method was used to measure all traditional reference questions during one month including 354 questions. Findings: Types of reference questions, relationship between asked questions and sociological characteristics of patrons, subject approach of traditional reference questions and the extent to which the patrons of reference desk use virtual reference services of NLAI all were discussed in the paper. Data analyzing of the research showed that the research population mostly includes women (65/53%) and the educational degree of most of patrons is M.S degree (49.29%). Also the findings showed that ready reference questions (42/66%) are mostly asked at reference desk while research reference questions (6/78%) are from the ones which have been less questioned. Most of the questions are in the subjects of computer science, information & general works (000) and the least of them are in the fields of philosophy & psychology (100) according to DDC. Originality/ value: Members of NLAI do not go to reference desk to ask their reaserch questions so NLAI should effectively plan to inform about such services (traditional and digital) through broushoures both electronic and printed ones and also holding educational workshops     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        84 - Zinc foliar application on alleviating effects of irrigation cut-off in grain filling stage of safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
        Jaivani Manoelian Weria Weisany Hamid Jabari Marjan Diyanat
        10.30495/wsrcj.2022.19237
        Background and Aim: Climate change led to increasing the severity of stress, and today’s life of all plants is challenged by rapid environmental changes. Water is an important component in all physiological processes of the should be added, accounting for 80 to 95 More
        Background and Aim: Climate change led to increasing the severity of stress, and today’s life of all plants is challenged by rapid environmental changes. Water is an important component in all physiological processes of the should be added, accounting for 80 to 95% of the plant’s biomass. Except in high humidity environments, plants are likely to be exposed to water deficit stress throughout their life cycle. water deficit stress decreases the quantity and quality of the plant product and in addition reduces the water use efficiency as well as reduced the absorption of nutrients. to reduce the effects of water deficit stress on plants, various methods are used, including mineral nutrition with trace elements such as zinc.Method: to investigate the effects of foliar application of zinc on the morph physiological and biochemical traits of safflower cultivars under drought stress, an experiment was conducted as a should be added split-plot based on of should be deleted randomized complete blocks design with three replicates during 2019-2020. Experimental factors include drought stress as the primary factor, and safflower cultivars and zinc foliar application as secondary factors. The plant’s canopy temperature was determined using an infrared thermometer. Seed oil was extracted from the mature seeds of safflower cultivars by the should be added apparatus using hexane solvent.Results: Water deficit stress was applied in two levels (regular irrigation (control) and irrigation cut-off when the grain filling stage begins); safflower cultivars in this experiment were Isfahan, Linas, Padideh, Parnian, and Goldasht; foliar application of zinc was in three levels (0, 0.5 and 1 kg. ha-1 Zn). Results showed that water deficit stress decreased stem diameter, head diameter, number of classes per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed yield, biological yield, oil yield, relative leaf water content. Whereas, water deficit stress increased the should be added of the should be added environment. Foliar application of 1 kg. ha-1 Zn improved seed yield, biological yield, oil yield, relative leaf water content.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the water deficit stress significantly decreased the growth rate and consequently biological yield, oil yield, and relative water content (RWC) of safflower plants and on the other hand, the application of zinc under optimal irrigation (control) and water deficit stress improved the mentioned traits. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that the application of zinc can be one of the appropriate solutions to mitigate the effects of water shortage in the grain filling stage of the studied cultivars of safflower. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        85 - Time Series Analysis of Soil Moisture Content in Loess Deposits of Hezarpich using ARIMA model
        hasan Rezaii Moghadam Mohsen Hosseinalizadeh Vahedberdi Sheikh roya Jafari
        Soil moisture content (SMC) as a small part of water balance, nearly considered in all hydrological process and soil and atmosphere tradeoff. Therefor its prediction is useful in planning, designing and decision making. For this, purposeweekly SMC in 40 weeks was measur More
        Soil moisture content (SMC) as a small part of water balance, nearly considered in all hydrological process and soil and atmosphere tradeoff. Therefor its prediction is useful in planning, designing and decision making. For this, purposeweekly SMC in 40 weeks was measured by Time Domain Reflectometry in 3 different location of wheat and rangeland in Loess deposits (West of Gorgan with 27 ha area) at 20cm intervals down to the 80cm depth. SMC in all considered depths and locations had trend for study period and the best model was selected regards to Akaike information criterion (AIC). The best prediction model in rangeland belongs to 60cm depth (R= 0.96). For all considered depths except 40cm in one location in wheat, Integrated Moving Averages (1,1) was selected as the best model. For the other location in the same land cover, the best prediction model devoted to 20cm depth (R= 0.86). Integrated Moving Averages (1,1) for all study locations had the highest priority. Considering tillage practices in crop land and following plough pan in 40cm depth, Autoregressive Integrated moving Average (1,1) selected as the best model for prediction. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        86 - The effect of soil type and compaction conditions on soil water characteristic curve
        Mansure Bayram Omid Bahmani
        Quantitative evaluation of soil compaction to improve agricultural management practices and reduce the problems caused by compaction in the environment and production is essential, and such factors as compaction effort, soil type (%clay and soil plasticity) and water co More
        Quantitative evaluation of soil compaction to improve agricultural management practices and reduce the problems caused by compaction in the environment and production is essential, and such factors as compaction effort, soil type (%clay and soil plasticity) and water content condition have a significant impact on soil compaction. This research was conducted to study the effect of soil type and compaction on soil water characteristic curve with factorial experiment using randomized complete block design and 27 treatments were provided. Treatments consisted of three soil types: clay, clay loam and sandy loam under three compaction conditions: reduced, standard, and modified were performed. The compactions were performed in the three moisture conditions: dry, optimum and wet and undisturbed samples were provided as control. Mean comparison was conducted using Duncan's test and statistical analysis was performed by SAS statistical. The results showed that at all potentials, the influence of soil type on soil water retention was significant at the p Quantitative evaluation of soil compaction to improve agricultural management practices and reduce the problems caused by compaction in the environment and production is essential, and such factors as compaction effort, soil type (%clay and soil plasticity) and water content condition have a significant impact on soil compaction. This research was conducted to study the effect of soil type and compaction on soil water characteristic curve with factorial experiment using randomized complete block design and 27 treatments were provided. Treatments consisted of three soil types: clay, clay loam and sandy loam under three compaction conditions: reduced, standard, and modified were performed. The compactions were performed in the three moisture conditions: dry, optimum and wet and undisturbed samples were provided as control. Mean comparison was conducted using Duncan's test and statistical analysis was performed by SAS statistical. The results showed that at all potentials, the influence of soil type on soil water retention was significant at the p Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        87 - Evaluating reduced tillage methods on energy productivity and rainfed wheat yield
        Zein-al-Abedin Shamabadi
        The so-called reduced tillage is one the most important management practices for soil and water conservation. In order to study the effect of reduced tillage on energy productivity and wheat yield in Kalpoush region of Shahrood, a randomized complete blocks de More
        The so-called reduced tillage is one the most important management practices for soil and water conservation. In order to study the effect of reduced tillage on energy productivity and wheat yield in Kalpoush region of Shahrood, a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) experiment with sunflower-wheat rotation was conducted having five treatments and four replicates. The treatments were consisted of chisel plowing at spring + disking (T1), moldboard plowing +disking (T2), reduced tillage with disk harrow (T3), disk plowing + disking (T4) and chisel plowing at autumn +disking (T5). Sunflower was planted at May 2008 and 2011. After harvesting at October 2008 and 2011, all plots were disked. Wheat was planted at November 2008 and 2011 and harvested at July 2009 and 2012. The results showed that there was no significant difference among the treatments (P<5%). In 2009 the maximum (1708 kg/ha) and minimum (1412 kg/ha) crop yield were belonged to T5 and T3 treatments, respectively. In 2011, the maximum (1638 kg/ha) and minimum (1388 kg/ha) yield was obtained from T5 and T2 treatments, respectively. Further data analysis showed that soil water content and wheat yield differences are not significant among the treatments (P<5%). The maximum and minimum soil moisture and wheat yield related to chisel and moldboard ploughs, respectively. Maximum and minimum energy productivity was related to disk harrow and moldboard ploughs, respectively. Chisel plugging increased the wheat yield. Soil inversion index difference was significant among the treatments (P<1%). Maximum and minimum soil inversion index related to moldboard and chisel ploughs, respectively. Considering disk harrow advantages and results of this experiment, for wheat production it may be recommended that plowing can be replaced by disk harrow, disk harrowing for seedbed preparation is sufficient, and plowing isn’t required. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        88 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Some Rosaceae Plants as an Alternative to the Synthetic Antioxidants in Food Industry
        فائزه Kamali A.R Sadeghi Mahonak زهرا Nasiri far
        Introduction : The applications of natural antioxidants with medicinal values are growing in the preventive medicine and food industries. This study investigates the antioxidant ability of five species of Rosaceae family and compares the activities with the synthe More
        Introduction : The applications of natural antioxidants with medicinal values are growing in the preventive medicine and food industries. This study investigates the antioxidant ability of five species of Rosaceae family and compares the activities with the synthetic antioxidants BHT, BHA as well as the natural ascorbic acid.   Materials and Methods : In this study, the phenolic content of the methanolic extract of the samples were isolated and the antioxidant activities of five species of Rosaceae were determined by using DPPH free radical and nitric oxide scavenging , and the results were compared to the synthetic antioxidant Results : The results showed that the content of studied plant samples ranged from 0.51±0.41 – 35.53±0.89 mgGAEg -1. Concentraition of extract for scavening 50 percent of free radicals and nitric oxide radicals varied from 77.42 ± 0.91 to 1484.2 ± 96.44 and 233.24±3.39- 1572.46±203.76 Ug/ml. The highest phenolic amount was related to the Rosa damascena Mill leaf and next grade Cydonia oblonga Mill leaf. Extract of damask Rose, Quince leaves, damask Rose petals, Quine fruit and seed and Almond seed had high antioxidant activity and no significant difference was observed between them and the synthetic antioxidants (BHT, BHA and Vit C). Conclusion : The results of this study clearly suggested that there is a significant relationship between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic concentration and the extracts of damask Rose, Quince leaves, damask Rose petals, Quince fruit and seed and almond seed might be employed as appropriate alternatives to the synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        89 - Evaluation of Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of Low-Fat Mayonnaise Formulated with a Type of Potato Starch as a Substitute of Egg Yolk
        Sh. Ghazaei M. Mizani z. Piravi vanak M. Alimi
        Introduction: The consumption of mayonnaise has been increasing worldwide and egg yolk is a key ingredient in mayonnaise which along with its positive functional properties may cause some problems due to its high cholesterol content (186-213 mg). Additionally it might l More
        Introduction: The consumption of mayonnaise has been increasing worldwide and egg yolk is a key ingredient in mayonnaise which along with its positive functional properties may cause some problems due to its high cholesterol content (186-213 mg). Additionally it might lead to the allergic reactions in consumers and induce microbial contamination in the final product. The main object of this research is to replace egg yolk partially with a type of modified potato starch (Octenyl Succinic Anhydride, OSA) and determine its best quality and concentration in reduced-fat mayonnaise formulation from the physico-chemical and microbial aspects. Materials and Methods: Mayonnaise samples were prepared by replacing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the weight of egg yolk with OSA starch. Chemical (acidity, pH, fat content), physical (emulsion stability, color) and microbial (total microbial count, mold, yeast, Lactobacillus, E.coli, Staphylococcus aureos and Salmonella) tests have been carried out on all of the samples and the selected sample was analysed for cholesterol content. Results: The results indicated that by reducing the amount of egg yolk, the pH, fat content, yellowness and microbial contamination of the samples were reduced and those with 25 and 50% substituted- egg yolk, showed the lowest emulsion stability and therefore were eliminated from the rest of the research and cholesterol contents of the other samples were determined. Conclusion: According to the results, 84.9% and 1.78% reductions in cholesterol and fat contents were obtained, respectively, by replacing 75% of egg yolk with OSA as compared to the control. Therefore the mentioned sample has been chosen as the best formulation for low fat/low cholesterol mayonnaise. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        90 - An Overview of Kermanshahi Oil as a Functional Food
        B. Mehraban Kh. Safaei M. Chalabi
        10.30495/jfbt.2022.67267.10291
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        91 - A Comparative Study Concerning Linear and Nonlinear Models to Determine Sugar Content in Sugar Beet by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR)
        S. Minaei H. Bagherpour M. Abdollahian Noghabi M.E. Khorasani Fardvani F. Forughimanesh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        92 - Chemical Analysis and Characteristics of Black Tea Produced in North of Iran
        F. Abdolmaleki
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        93 - Content analysis of elementary Persian books from the perspective of attention to environmental elements
        Sirous Mahmoudi Mahmoud Sharafi Parisa Zare
        10.30495/jest.2022.30712.3912
        Background and Objective:The global view of the environmental elements shows the dangerous situation in the world. Among the serious dangers of the 21st century are various environmental issues such as the destruction of forests and green spaces, global warming, the rap More
        Background and Objective:The global view of the environmental elements shows the dangerous situation in the world. Among the serious dangers of the 21st century are various environmental issues such as the destruction of forests and green spaces, global warming, the rapid consumption of energy and food, the depletion of the ozone layer, the reduction of natural resources, drought, the increasing population growth, and the loss of diversity. Biological, and all types of pollution. One of the ways to reduce these problems is teaching environmental concepts in childhood and using children's literature. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate and evaluate the level of attention to environmental elements in Persian books of the elementary school.Material and Methodology: The research method is descriptive of type of content analysis. The statistical population includes the books of persian from the first to the sixth grade, which investigated totally without any sampling. A researcher-made content analysis inventory which was compiled by expert judgments.Findings: The results of the research showed that in the Persian books of the elementary period, the most attention is paid to the elements of "natural places and wildlife" with 43.3%, "tree work, green space and forest preservation" with 24.7% of cases. The lowest frequency is related to the elements "biodiversity", "population growth", "natural resources", "optimal consumption", "environmental definitions", "garbage", "biological problems and threats" and "environmental pollution".Discussion and Conclusion: Environmental concepts and teachings do not have a proper place in Persian books of the elementary school. Considering the environmental problems in the country, environmental components should be more prominent in Persian books and other books related to children.. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        94 - Effect of irrigation with different salinities on some soil characteristics and salt concentration factor (Case study: Bighard, Khonj)
        Ehsan Kamali Maskooni Seyed Fakhadin Afzali
        10.22034/jest.2019.24499.3370
        Background and Objective: Existence of water and soil salinity resources in arid and semiarid areas is an issue that affects agriculture and poses many problems. The adverse effect of water and soil salinity on growth and function of various crops in arid areas is a ser More
        Background and Objective: Existence of water and soil salinity resources in arid and semiarid areas is an issue that affects agriculture and poses many problems. The adverse effect of water and soil salinity on growth and function of various crops in arid areas is a serious concern. The main objective of this study was to survey the impact of irrigation with different salinities on the changes in some soil properties in top soil. Method: For this purpose, 10 land transects in farmlands with different quality of irrigation were sampled at intervals of 6 m (15 samples). Parameters of electrical conductivity, field moisture content and saturation water content were measured for each sample, and then the salt concentration factor (SCF) was evaluated. Findings: The results showed that there is a significant relationship (R2>90) between ECe and ECw and between saturation water content and field moisture content in the whole lands which underwent transect sampling. The results also indicated that there is a significant relationship (R2>90) between the SCF and saturation water content in the whole lands that underwent transect sampling. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, the results of this study indicated that soil salinity was mainly influenced by water quality and poor water quality could change the physical properties of soil. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        95 - Content Analysis of Math Textbooks in the First level of Primary School Based on the Components of Sustainability Education with Shannon Entropy Technique
        Seyedeh Zahra Shamsi Papkiade Mohammadreza sarmadi Elahe Aminifar Seyed Mohammad Shobeiri
        10.30495/jest.2022.57742.5252
        Background and Objective: The existence of unique challenges in the present age has caused the need for real changes in a completely new way of thinking and acting in society. Therefore, the use of sustainability education in the production of fully aware human resource More
        Background and Objective: The existence of unique challenges in the present age has caused the need for real changes in a completely new way of thinking and acting in society. Therefore, the use of sustainability education in the production of fully aware human resources, especially given the basic skills of understanding and knowledge required in the 21st century, is critical. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the content of the first grade primary mathematics textbooks based on the components of sustainability education. Material and Methodology: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. Unit of analysis (images, text, class activity and practice and class work). The statistical population is the mathematics textbooks of the first primary school. In this study, the entire content was analyzed based on three components of sustainability education (economic, social and environmental). The sample size was the same as the statistical population and was considered as a census. To confirm the validity and checklist, face and content validity with the opinions of experts was used and its reliability was 0.92 by Holstie method and Shannon entropy method was used to process the collected data. Findings: Findings showed that environmental images in all three levels have a higher frequency than the other unit of analysis and among all the components of sustainability education, the environmental component in all the first primary courses had the highest and the lowest economic frequency. Also, based on the information load criterion and the coefficient of importance, the environmental criterion has the highest value in the first grade and the social criterion in the second and third grades. Also, sustainability education in the second and third grades were the same. Discussion and Conclusion: The affidavits emphasize that the necessary balance and coherence between the three components of sustainability education has not been established and that the components of sustainability education have not been given due attention in the content of the first period math textbooks. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        96 - Investigating the amount of attention paid to environmental components in the science textbooks of the first secondary school based on Shannon's entropy method
        Mohammad Hassan Bazoobandi Gholamreza Mazloom Lotfollah Mahdavi
        10.30495/jest.2023.66588.5649
        Background and Objective: Today, one of the environmental problems facing the development of technology in the world is environmental pollution. And without a doubt, the science textbooks of the first high school course are one of the official platforms for environmenta More
        Background and Objective: Today, one of the environmental problems facing the development of technology in the world is environmental pollution. And without a doubt, the science textbooks of the first high school course are one of the official platforms for environmental education. The current research was conducted with the aim of examining the content of science books of the first high school course, in terms of attention to environmental components. Material and Methodology:  This research is of applied type. In which, the science textbooks of the seventh, eighth and ninth grades of the academic year 1399-1400 have been examined. which totals 45 chapters and 450 pages. The examined samples include texts, images, questions and book activities that have been studied using Shannon's entropy method. This study was carried out using a content analysis checklist tool that has four environmental components: water, air, soil and sound, in 1400, and its content validity was confirmed by subject experts and its reliability coefficient was 91/36. The percentage is estimated. Fidings: The results of the research indicate that environmental components have been given little attention in science books of the first secondary school. The most attention is in the book of sciences of the seventh grade and the least attention is related to the book of sciences of the eighth grade. Discussion & Conclusion: In these books, in the field of the four environmental components, the most attention has been paid to the air component and the least attention to the sound component. Also, the highest coefficient of importance was related to the soil component with (Wj=0.308) and the lowest coefficient of the sound component (Wj=0.199). Among the different sections of science books, the highest coefficient of importance is related to biology chapters (Wj=0.329), followed by chemistry and physics chapters, and the most important coefficient is related to geology chapters. (Wj=‌0.176) is less than the others. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        97 - Co-Composing of Municipal Waste and Sawdust for Preservation of Compost Moisture and Preventing Loss of Nitrogen From the Pile
        Javad Yousefi Habibollah Younesi
        Introduction: In Zahedan, about 0.8 ton sawdust generates in each day. This sawdust is landfilleddespite their good effects on composting process. The aim of the present study was to reuse theseserviceable wastes for improving C/N ratio, preventing nitrogen loss from th More
        Introduction: In Zahedan, about 0.8 ton sawdust generates in each day. This sawdust is landfilleddespite their good effects on composting process. The aim of the present study was to reuse theseserviceable wastes for improving C/N ratio, preventing nitrogen loss from the piles and investigatingthe effect of sawdust on moisture content of composting piles.Methods: Four composting piles were prepared with 0% (blank), 16%, 32% and 70% sawdustadmixture. Once sampling was done in each week and samples were analyzed for the C/N ratio,moisture, nitrogen and carbon content.Results: The percent of decrease in moisture content was 33% in blank treatment, whereas thisdecrease was 15, 15 and 10% for 16, 32 and 70% respectively. Loss of moisture was decreased withsawdust addition and this is very important for arid and hot area because of water sources shortage.The optimum C/N ratio was observed in 16% treatment and loss of nitrogen was decreased withsawdust addition. The percent of decrease in nitrogen content was 30, 7, 7 and 15% for blank, 16, 32and 70% respectively. The maximum amount of nitrogen in final piles was observed in 16%treatment.Conclusion: Based on experimental data obtained, it can be concluded that sawdust caused water andnitrogen preservation in composting piles and it also improved undesirable and low initial C/N ratio.16% treatment was shown more desirable effects on composting process and compost quality amongother experimental treatments. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        98 - Studying the status of the existing environmental content of sciences textbooks in the general education course
        Faezeh Fazeli Farideh Mahdavi Ikdelu
        10.22034/jest.2018.13792
        Background and Objective: Environmental education is a lesson for life. This means that environmental lessons must become practical in the social and individual behavior and daily life. What is noteworthy is the role of education system in teaching the environmental beh More
        Background and Objective: Environmental education is a lesson for life. This means that environmental lessons must become practical in the social and individual behavior and daily life. What is noteworthy is the role of education system in teaching the environmental behavior through the textbooks from the early days of formal education. Thus, the purpose of this study is to check the content of textbooks general education with a focus on environmental problems and protecting the environment.   Method: For this purpose, an eight volume textbook of experimental science of general educational courses for 8 grades were examined through content analysis in 2013 and 2014. Findings: In this study, using content analysis which has seven main components of environmental problems (air, water, soil and noise), protection of natural resources, waste separation and recycling, the role of human in the environment and 93 sub-component have been examined. The reliability of these tools was obtained to be 90.1% by experts. Discussion and Conclusion: The findings indicated that the highest and the lowest attention to environmental issues in basic science textbooks have been payed to grade seven and grade three, respectively. In general, human role in environment received the highest attention and noise pollution received the lowest attention in the basic science textbooks. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        99 - Content analysis of the Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
        Sedigh Mohammad Esmaeili Asgar Akbari
        10.22034/jest.2017.11299
        Background and Objective: Content analysis is a fast method for rapid access to scientific information published in journals, and using the distances scale which counting the number of threads and identification of the structure contributes to better understanding of th More
        Background and Objective: Content analysis is a fast method for rapid access to scientific information published in journals, and using the distances scale which counting the number of threads and identification of the structure contributes to better understanding of the considered and less considered thematic categories, agendas and views of the authors about the environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of the articles published in the Quarterly Journal of Environmental Science and Technology with the science, engineering and environmental management and research and scientific subjects. Method: In this study, content analysis, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used. The statistical population was all the articles studied in 755 subject categories. Findings: For the content analysis of this quarterly publication, 3 main categories have been considered. From the total of 755 subjects, 157 subjects were related to environmental sciences, 320 subjects were about environmental engineering and 256 categories of the issues were related to environmental management. The results indicated that in environmental engineering subject, pollution reduction with the score of 34.8% was the first research priority and management of heavy metals with the score of 22.7% was the second priority. Conclusion: Thus, the Quarterly Journal of Science and technology is a valuable resource in the field of environmental health, dedicating 56.15% of the subjects to contamination and its management. Considering the authors’ interests, it was also found that the authors in the field of Environment and Energy, with 32.7%, were in the first place and those in the field of Architecture, with 9.8%, were in the second place. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        100 - Testing information content influenced by investors Sentiment Behavior and Financial Reporting Quality
        shahnaz alinejad Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti farzin rezaei
        Purpose of the present study is to understand the relationship between investors sentiment behavior and financial reporting quality with the information content of financial statements of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The data of 110 companies were collecte More
        Purpose of the present study is to understand the relationship between investors sentiment behavior and financial reporting quality with the information content of financial statements of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. The data of 110 companies were collected from the databases of the Iranian Stock Exchange during the years 2009-2019 and analyzed in three stages using ANOVA- FRIEDMAN- OLS methods. In this study, the criteria for measuring the quality of financial reporting are the method of Jones, Dechow and Ball.From the OLS test results, it can be concluded that the information content determination coefficient has the highest value when the investors sentiment behavior is high and the financial reporting quality of the Jones model is average and it can also be stated that according to the test results ANOVA only in the model of financial reporting quality of Jones has the sentiment behavior of investors and the quality of financial reporting has an increasing impact on information content. The results of Friedman test also showed that there was a significant difference between different groups of investors sentiment behavior and financial reporting quality of Jones, Ball and Dechow. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        101 - Content Paradigmatic Analysis of Financial Performance Deficiencies: A Case of Abadan Oil Refining Company (Qualitative and quantitative approach)
        Yousef Baghlaniani Allahkaram Salehi Ali Mahmoodi Rad
        The purpose of this research is to analyze the paradigmatic content of financial performance deficiencies of Abadan Oil Refining Company in 2019. For this purpose, the study was conducted in both qualitative and quantitative form. In the qualitative part, the factors an More
        The purpose of this research is to analyze the paradigmatic content of financial performance deficiencies of Abadan Oil Refining Company in 2019. For this purpose, the study was conducted in both qualitative and quantitative form. In the qualitative part, the factors and indicators affecting the financial performance deficiencies of the firm were estimated by the Grounded Theory method and in the quantitative part, the structural equation model was estimated. The results show that causal, consequences and intervening factors had the highest impact among the factors affecting the financial performance of the firm. Among the context factors, respectively, the existence of a monopoly market and government pricing, the lack of international communications, and the lack of revision of the bylaws have the most impact on the financial performance failure. Among the causal factors, copying plans and ideas, the lack of dynamic internal control mechanisms to produce clear financial data and the lack of transparent reporting in the financial statements have the greatest impact on financial performance failure. . Among the intervening factors, high inflation, severe exchange rate fluctuations, and the inability to supply equipment and components needed from overseas have the greatest impact on financial performance failure. Of the strategies, only lack of international communication has been significant; and of the consequences, the loss of credibility, the inability to compete in the industry, and the diminishing of customers have the greatest impact on the firm's financial performance failure. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        102 - The effect of voluntary disclosure of historical and forward-looking non-financial information on sustainability performance
        Gholamhossein Pourgholami Dafchahi Mahmood Samadi Largani Razieh Alikhani Mohammadreza Pourali
        The present study examines the effect of voluntary disclosure of historical and forward-looking non-financial information on sustainability performance and contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence of a definite relationship between the level of volun More
        The present study examines the effect of voluntary disclosure of historical and forward-looking non-financial information on sustainability performance and contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence of a definite relationship between the level of voluntary disclosure and sustainability performance in Iran. For content analysis, a checklist tool consisting of 23 components and 186 indicators was used to describe the disclosure criteria. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, the required data of 910 year-company observations (7 years and 130 companies) resulting from the screening process by systematic elimination of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange, have been used in a descriptive-correlational manner from sources such as corporate board reports, financial statements, resource management software and new results with the implementation of content analysis test and multivariate linear regression model. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between voluntary disclosure of non-financial information, historical and forward-looking non-financial information and sustainability performance. These findings indicate that the motivation of companies to disclose voluntary information, especially about the Iranian economy, is very important, because companies must grow economically and therefore their need for capital is high. This study also showed that the level of corporate disclosure continues to increase during the study period. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        103 - Information Content of Financial Reporting and the development of interactive capability with stakeholders: Pygmalion Theory Test
        Mohsen Heydari Mohammadreza abdoli
        Confidence in the capital market becomes dynamically valuable when interactive strategies with stakeholders are formulated for the long term to reduce the information asymmetry that has become an epidemic among companies. That is, a more responsive response to the level More
        Confidence in the capital market becomes dynamically valuable when interactive strategies with stakeholders are formulated for the long term to reduce the information asymmetry that has become an epidemic among companies. That is, a more responsive response to the level of expectations of this market under the supervision of relevant institutions. By reflecting on timely news content and honestly speaking, one can expect interactive functions and capabilities between companies with stakeholders in the form of theories such as Pygmalion theory that points to the re-formation of expectations in this market. It should be strengthened and the level of satisfaction with investing in this market will increase due to lower risk and higher return. The purpose of this research is Information Content of Financial Reporting and the development of interactive capability with stakeholders by Pygmalion Theory Test. In this study, in order to measure the content of financial reporting information, two criteria of timeliness and Reporting-Lag have been used. To evaluate the development of interactive capability with stakeholders, Delphi's analysis based on Likert-5 formulation has been used. Questionnaire for collecting research data for 142 companies in year 2019 was sent out of which 105 questionnaires were returned with the participation of managers of Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to fit and test the hypothesis, we used the partial least squares analysis. The results showed that Information Content of Financial Reporting had a positive and significant effect on development of interactive capability with stakeholders. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        104 - Content analysis of financial risk management research in Iranian banks
        Seyed Mohammadreza Miri Lavasani hanieh Nikomaram Mohammad Khademian
        The present study analyzes the content of financial risk management studies in Iranian banks. The main purpose of the research is to provide a conceptual framework, create a database and provide a comprehensive picture of the current state of the research. The present s More
        The present study analyzes the content of financial risk management studies in Iranian banks. The main purpose of the research is to provide a conceptual framework, create a database and provide a comprehensive picture of the current state of the research. The present study is applied, review and retrospective and the data were collected by document analysis. The statistical population of the research includes 509 articles that have been published in scientific research and extension scientific journals approved by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology between 2005 and 2019. This research presents a conceptual model for banking risk studies with a descriptive approach and content analysis. The content of the research has been reviewed and analyzed based on the analysis of journals, time course, keywords, thematic literature, objectives, data collection method, analysis tools, evaluation models, research variables, statistical tests and thematic trends in previous researches. Credit risk, practical purpose, correlation analysis, archival method, ivory software, statistical method, regression test, dependent variable of default probability and independent variable of interest rate had the highest frequency in articles. Sanctions, individual and social norms, cultural values and inclinations, climatic and geographical conditions, ethics, religiosity and family values that may contribute to risk were not found in the content of the articles. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        105 - Information Content of Limit Order Book in Tehran Stock Exchange
        Ahmad Badri Mohammad Arab Mazar Massoud Soltanzali
        Using high frequency data from 33 member companies of the TEFIX30 (about 5 million data), this study examined the information content of limit order book in Tehran Stock Exchange. We try to find that does limit orders behind the best bid and offer provide useful informa More
        Using high frequency data from 33 member companies of the TEFIX30 (about 5 million data), this study examined the information content of limit order book in Tehran Stock Exchange. We try to find that does limit orders behind the best bid and offer provide useful information about stock value? And how much is their information share? We use two well-known methods based on a vector error correction model. Results show that based on Hasbrouck (Gonzalo-Granger) measure, contribution of steps 2 to 10 to price discovery is about 18% (25%) and also contribution of steps 4 to 10 that are not publicly visible is about 8% (10%). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        106 - Explaining the components of achieving sustainable environmental development in the urban management structure of Tabriz metropolis
        Alireza Zabardast Rasool Darskhan
        Background and Aim: In order to achieve sustainable development in the urban management structure of Iranian cities, especially metropolises, a specific model based on the characteristics and dimensions of this concept and the qualities of the target context, ie the con More
        Background and Aim: In order to achieve sustainable development in the urban management structure of Iranian cities, especially metropolises, a specific model based on the characteristics and dimensions of this concept and the qualities of the target context, ie the context of Iran, must be drawn. The main purpose of this study is to explain the components of achieving sustainable environmental development in the urban management structure of the metropolis in Tabriz.Methods: In this study, using the method of customary or conventional qualitative content analysis: the categories, sub-classes and subclasses of the structure of the urban management model of sustainable development-based in Iranian metropolises were explained with emphasis on the metropolis of Tabriz. The data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth face-to-face interviews with 23 experts related to the research objectives and purposeful sampling with maximum diversity until data saturation was achieved.Results: After analyzing the data, 4 floors, 20 sub-classes, 99 sub-categories were formulated. Economic, cultural-social, institutional and environmental-physical capacities as components of achieving sustainable development were explained for the first time in the urban management structure of Iranian metropolises.Discussion and Conclusion: As a result, in order to achieve sustainable development, much attention must be paid to the structure of urban management. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        107 - The effect of urban regeneration components on the development of urban regeneration model (A case study: worn-out tissues of Tehran)
        ali hoseinzadeh Maryam Farahani Saeid Motahari Azita Behbahaninia
        Background and Objective: Reconstruction of worn-out urban structures has always been considered as one of the goals and policies of the government in the country's development programs. Sustainable urban regeneration as a new approach is able to reduce or eliminate man More
        Background and Objective: Reconstruction of worn-out urban structures has always been considered as one of the goals and policies of the government in the country's development programs. Sustainable urban regeneration as a new approach is able to reduce or eliminate many problems and challenges of cities, especially in the field of environment. The aim of this study was to present a new model of sustainable urban regeneration in Tehran.Material and Methodology: The present study is descriptive-exploratory. First, the components of sustainable urban regeneration were identified using semi-structured interview tools. The statistical population was experts in the field of urban management - environment and random sampling method. The number of samples was selected using the snowball technique and the principle of theoretical saturation of 22 people. Content analysis method was used to extract the model and finalize it. Pearson correlation coefficient was also used to ensure the relationship between variables.Findings: 101 initial codes were extracted from the analysis and analysis of interview data based on the principles of repetition, emphasis and importance. Finally, the concepts of sustainable urban regeneration were classified based on 5 components, 17 categories and 101 behavioral descriptions. Also, based on the results of descriptive statistical test, the mean of the components was above average and all of them had a standard deviation of less than one. According to the degree of correlation coefficient between the variables, the research has a direct and strong relationship.Discussion and Conclusion: Among the 17 selected categories in the present study, 7 categories (identification and cooperation with involved institutions and trustees, attention to the main needs of communities, empowerment of stakeholders and institutions involved, urban development capacity, status of urban infrastructure, information and interactive infrastructure, Investment infrastructure) are new. Paying attention to the above components in formulating programs and adopting more favorable policies in the field of urban regeneration in Tehran will be able to reduce the challenges in the path of urban sustainability.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        108 - Analysis of preschool textbooks in terms of attention to environmental components
        Arezoo porkar khadijeh azar Mahdiyeh Shadpoor Gavabari
        Background and Objective: Education is the most effective mechanism for society to deal with the greatest challenge of this century; That is, environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attention to environmental education in preschool textboo More
        Background and Objective: Education is the most effective mechanism for society to deal with the greatest challenge of this century; That is, environmental pollution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the attention to environmental education in preschool textbooks. Material and Methodology: All Guilan preschool education textbooks were selected as the statistical population of the research and considering the nature of the present study, the entire statistical population was considered as the sample. The Study tools was a content analysis research checklist, including Wisconsin standards of environmental education. Accordingly, in the preschool textbooks, the sub-components related to each of the five key components of the above standards were extracted and each component was formulated into five sub-components. Findings: After coding and counting the frequency of each of the sub-components, using descriptive statistics (frequency, relative frequency and cumulative frequency), the most attention was paid to the field of question and analysis skills (84.72%); then, personal and civil responsibility (6.38%); the skill of action and decision making (5%); the knowledge of natural processes and systems (2.77%); and, finally, the skill of studying environmental issues have allocated the least amount of attention (1.11%). Discussion and Conclusion: Since the attention to the criterias of environmental education in the content of preschool curriculum was not optimal and satisfactory, which is considered as a disadvantage of these books. Therefore, duo to the importance of teaching these issues in preschool education as Basic course in child learning, it is suggested that educational content planners focus more on textbook compilation, revision and incorporation of environmental education indicators and standards into textbooks.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        109 - Content Session Analysis of Expertise of Rangelands
        Ali Mohebby
        Abstract Research institute of forest and rangelands with focusing on the determining, the criteria of the 6th national program and solving of Iranian natural resources problems, established at 2015-2016. The results of the related committees was useful but insufficient More
        Abstract Research institute of forest and rangelands with focusing on the determining, the criteria of the 6th national program and solving of Iranian natural resources problems, established at 2015-2016. The results of the related committees was useful but insufficient, so it seemed that the meeting has to be continued. Therefore the author decided to determine the most important subjects of rangeland scientist ideas about the matter. For this, the "Content analysis" technique was used to analysis the 17 session. the results showed that the frequency of total 9 main criteria and 6 sub- criteria, was 280 and between the main components (range, rangeland management, livestock, economics of livestock products, license, laws, corporations, projects and other items) the most and the least frequency respectively with %26.07 and %0.36 related to economics of livestock products and cow sub- criteria from livestock main criteria. Other criteria respectively, from most to least frequency were, laws with % 24.29, Lamb with %9.64, sub criteria tranchumnce, from main criteria projects % 9.29, corporations %7.5, other programs % 5.71, livestock management %4.64, range lands management project from project main criteria % 3.57, main criteria ranger and sub criteria sheep and goat % 2.5, tribal people settlement project from project main criteria %2.14 and finally %1.79 of the total sentences of rangeland scientists were about Range lands.So, it would be recommended that the discussions have to be continued around the subjects such as ownership of rangelands, corporation, grazing license, renting of rangelands etc. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        110 - A comparative study of the novels "Chicago" by Alaa Al-Aswani and "Neighbors" by Ahmad Mahmoud
        Mandana Mangali
        10.30495/clq.2021.683756
        The novel "Chicago" (2007) is one of the most powerful and most popular contemporary novels in the world in the field of culture and literature. Alaa Aswani (born 1957), a well-known Egyptian writer, deals with the conflicts of Egyptian-American life in the novel "Chica More
        The novel "Chicago" (2007) is one of the most powerful and most popular contemporary novels in the world in the field of culture and literature. Alaa Aswani (born 1957), a well-known Egyptian writer, deals with the conflicts of Egyptian-American life in the novel "Chicago", conflicts resulting from the behaviors of a young Egyptian in the United States. Ahmad Mahmoud (1331-2002) is one of the writers of the southern school in Iran and the novel "Neighbors" was written in accordance with the coup d'etat of 1948, i.e, the first half of the 20th century and it investigates the problems and atmosphere ruling the colonized countries and peoples of the Third World and depicts them. Symbolism is present in both works. The time and place and the multiplicity of characters and the plot and elements are very strong in both. Aswani looks at oppression and discrimination through the intellectual community and sees the penetration of the incompetence of the governing commission in this part of society and even outside the borders. But Ahmad Mahmoud has a biased view of the conditions prevailing in the people and has pursued this issue with the theme of poverty and misery. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        111 - A Study on the Political Content of the Five Travelogues of Holy Shrines in the Islamic Revolution Era
        Saeedeh Abbasi Mohammad Reza Sangari Abolqasem Raadfar
        10.30495/clq.2021.685279
        Travelogues are one of the important scientific resources to recognize cities and countries. They are one of the best sources of political information, as the travel writer writes it for the purpose of reporting his journey. The travelogues of the Holy Shrines provide u More
        Travelogues are one of the important scientific resources to recognize cities and countries. They are one of the best sources of political information, as the travel writer writes it for the purpose of reporting his journey. The travelogues of the Holy Shrines provide useful information to the readers due to the religious motives that most Muslims in the world encourage them to do. The subject of the present article is the political analysis of several travelogues of Holy Shrines in the Islamic Revolution era; since after the change of the Pahlavi regime to the Islamic government in Iran, the attention to the writing of this group of travelogues has become more prominent which is remarkable in its kind. The importance of this research is that writers are not political people and they express everything they see in the world around them. These travelogues are a cognitive guide to the literature of the Islamic Revolution. The method is descriptive – analytical and in a librarian way. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        112 - Effective Factors on Readability in Hafez Poetry and Its Correspondence with Readable Housing Characteristics
        Mahshid Karimi Abuzar Salehi
        Among the various buildings, house is a place that is most closely associated with human evolving life. However, this dynamic interaction between the resident and the housing has been reduced to the subject-object relationship in the present age under the influence of s More
        Among the various buildings, house is a place that is most closely associated with human evolving life. However, this dynamic interaction between the resident and the housing has been reduced to the subject-object relationship in the present age under the influence of scientific and positive approaches. This relationship places the resident as a mere subject in front of his house (not next to it and with it), and the house as a finished product does not accept the human evolving life.This study considers the root of the solution to this problem in the formation of readable housing that accepts different readings of residents. The idea of ​​this house is taken from Hafez's divan, which is concordant with every heart, and the renewal of human knowledge during the period, as well as the emergence of new recipients, causes new readings of it. In this regard, first, it is tried to be explained the effective factors on the readability of Hafez's poetry and then the manifestation of these factors in the field of architecture and especially housing to be discovered and then the effective factors on the readability of housing to be explained by comparative-analytical method. Explaining that, these factors are explained in three general categories of "multiple meanings", "eternal meanings" and "structural and content links". Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        113 - Analysing the songs of Fayez Dashtestani and Amir Pazevari
        ebrahim ebrahim tabar
        Abstract Folkloric songs have shown that art and beauty is not limited to the high educated classes and there are simple chants and songs to express their feelings very easily. Sometimes these songs are so nice that they become universal. Among these gifted unknown peo More
        Abstract Folkloric songs have shown that art and beauty is not limited to the high educated classes and there are simple chants and songs to express their feelings very easily. Sometimes these songs are so nice that they become universal. Among these gifted unknown people who sang national and folkloric songs we can mention Fayez and Amir. The songs of these two can be compared regarding their style and expression, subjects, form and content of their poems. This article introduces and compares the songs of these two, Pazevari and Dashtestani. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        114 - The Status of Iranian Culture and Literature in Germany in the time of Romanticism; A study of Goethe and Rueckert
        Muhammad Hussain Haddadi
        Penetration of culture and literature of orient began at the time of crusades and so the German authors of romanticism became founded in oriental inspiration for literary works. Orient was for Goethe until 1814, when he recived the translation of Divan Ha More
        Penetration of culture and literature of orient began at the time of crusades and so the German authors of romanticism became founded in oriental inspiration for literary works. Orient was for Goethe until 1814, when he recived the translation of Divan Hafiz, translated by Hammer- Purgstall, a medium for the release of the time. But after reading this translation he became so enthusiastic that hecomposed poems about Hafiz. Rueckert translations ofculture and literature of orient occurred after Goetheand introduced to the west the culture and literature of orient and enriched the geraman language which is a very good language for expression of thoughts of people in the world.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        115 - A Comparative Study of Didacticism in Hafez’s and Imam Ali’s Poetry
        Moslem Rajabi
        Hafez is the greatest lyricist of the eighth century. He enjoys an excellent position in mysticism and poetry. Hafiz’s excellent ideas and poetic gifts distinguished him markedly from other poets. The human heart knows the language of his poems. Ethical issues and More
        Hafez is the greatest lyricist of the eighth century. He enjoys an excellent position in mysticism and poetry. Hafiz’s excellent ideas and poetic gifts distinguished him markedly from other poets. The human heart knows the language of his poems. Ethical issues and educational considerations in his poetry absorb everyone's attention and stimulate the audience’s emotions. We know that Hafez had a good command of earlier poetry and these concepts have been integrated in his poetry. It is possible that Hafiz has been aware of the poetry of Imam Ali, because the didactic aspect of his poetry is similar to that of Imam Ali’s poetry which focuses on Morality and education. It is possible that Hafiz has been influenced by poetry of Imam Ali. This paper aims to reconcile the poetry of Hafez with the poetry of Imam Ali from the perspective of didactic literature in order to discover the similarity of ethics and education between them.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        116 - ascerrticism contents in khaghanee and Abolatahiye's poetry
        Shima Faraji Far Shima Faraji Far
        Asceticism and contents related to it have always been the center of attention for poets and writers in Persian and Arabic literature. Abolatahiye, the prominent Arab poet, is one of the pioneers in this field. In the Persian poetry Khaghanee is in the course of enrichm More
        Asceticism and contents related to it have always been the center of attention for poets and writers in Persian and Arabic literature. Abolatahiye, the prominent Arab poet, is one of the pioneers in this field. In the Persian poetry Khaghanee is in the course of enrichment of asceticism and research poetry that before him poets such Kasaee, Roodaki, Sanaee etc. had the experience of using it which finally Sanaee took it to the highest point. The existence of common asceticism consents caused that the poetry of Khaghanee and Abolatahiye brings under investigation and comparison. Furthermore, the affiliation of these two poets to the royal court, their interest for attracting readers and their imprisonment for a short time are some of the common points of these two poets. Material world and subjects related to it avoidance of greediness, avidity, avarice, recommendation for contentment, death and contents related to it are subjects that have studied in this research paper. The result of this investigation showed that, on the one hand both poets have their own special views, although; khaghanee has different views toward the word in compare with abolatahiye and the death in Abolatahiye's poetry is more prominent. On the other hand, the common points in the verses of these two poets are more than the differences which originates from their Iranian and Arabic culture as well as koranic verses and hadithes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        117 - A comparative introduction on Persian and Urdu poetry in Constitutional era
        Abol Ghasem Radfar
        The present article attempts to study the Persian and Urdu poetry comparatively and the author tries to compare two Persian and Urdu poets – Malek Al Shoaraye Bahar and Feyz Ahmad Feyz and state their progressive and evolutional progress in constitu More
        The present article attempts to study the Persian and Urdu poetry comparatively and the author tries to compare two Persian and Urdu poets – Malek Al Shoaraye Bahar and Feyz Ahmad Feyz and state their progressive and evolutional progress in constitutional era and afterwards. He also expresses the history of Persian literature and its impact on Urdu literature briefly. At the end of the present survey the ways to improve the comparative literature between two languages have been studies. Incidentally a comparative study of two poets according to the offered samples has been presented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        118 - Comparative Reading of Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān and Robinson Crusoe
        Sabereh Siyavashi Leila Jadidi
        The present article compares two stories: Hayy ibn Yaqzan and Robinson Crusoe in order to determine the effect or lapse of Daniel Defoe form Ibn Tofail story. Thus the content aspect would be studied first and then the subject and theme. The structural aspect would be s More
        The present article compares two stories: Hayy ibn Yaqzan and Robinson Crusoe in order to determine the effect or lapse of Daniel Defoe form Ibn Tofail story. Thus the content aspect would be studied first and then the subject and theme. The structural aspect would be surveyed by emphasizing the theme, character, view point, situation (time & place) and the ending. And finally the differences and similarities are studied. The findings and results show that both stories are similar in structure and content but these similarities are more in structure rather than content. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        119 - Comparison of “Lamiya Al Arab” and “Lamiya Al Ajam” in ethical norms depiction
        Abbas Eqbali Masoumeh Hosseinpour
        Poetry expresses lots of ethical norms as an ancient literary media. In the background of this media two epics – “Lamiya Al Arab” and “Lamiya Al Ajam” – are the reflector of the culture, norms and abnorms of two generations and societ More
        Poetry expresses lots of ethical norms as an ancient literary media. In the background of this media two epics – “Lamiya Al Arab” and “Lamiya Al Ajam” – are the reflector of the culture, norms and abnorms of two generations and societies – dark age and Abbasid era. The present article shows that “Lamiya Al Arab” is rather an artistic image of ethics of the dark society by Shanfara but “Lamiya Al Ajam” is the mirror of religious trainings and common proverbs of Toqraee’s era and proves the priority of Toqraee’s poetry on Shanfara epics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        120 - Comparison of elegy in Persian and Arabic literature based on Farrokhi and Bahtari elegies
        Zahra Saadatinia
        Elegy which is as old as man and his history includes different types, such as personal, official and religious elegies. The emotional value of each type of elegy varies according to its orientation and audience. In this article, we will examine two elegies that, althou More
        Elegy which is as old as man and his history includes different types, such as personal, official and religious elegies. The emotional value of each type of elegy varies according to its orientation and audience. In this article, we will examine two elegies that, although included in the official elegies, but they have a special effect. Farrokhi and Bahtari have composed two elegies in mourning of Sultan Mahmud and Motawakel, the Abbasid Caliph. These two elegies in terms of language, music, emotion and content contain significant points that on the one hand, express the motivation of the speakers and on the other hand express their attitude in the face of the phenomenon of death. Paying attention to the music of the word and its adaptation to the atmosphere of poem, the faint presence of thought issues, fluent and unambiguous language and the presence of simple imaginary forms are some of the similarities between the two elegies. One of the most important differences between the two elegies is the different motivation of the speakers in composing the elegy, the dominant emotion and the effectiveness of the elegy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        121 - Content Analysis of Education Components Based on Kindness and Gentleness According to Holy Quran
        Maryam Nikoo Nezhad Mohammad Hashem Rezaei Mohammad Seifi
        10.30495/qsf.2021.1898439.2157
        One of the best ways to educate is to apply kindness. The pure and clear mind of the student is institutionalized on the basis of kindness and affection. The student's mental and intellectual perceptions of concepts such as kindness and gentleness are based on observati More
        One of the best ways to educate is to apply kindness. The pure and clear mind of the student is institutionalized on the basis of kindness and affection. The student's mental and intellectual perceptions of concepts such as kindness and gentleness are based on observations, studies and classroom learning. Therefore, it is worthwhile for educational administrators to consider kindness and gentleness as the foundation of the education system. The present research is qualitative and has been done through content analysis, documentary study and phenomenology. The research population includes all valid scientific references and documents related to research, and all experts in the field of education. The sample is selected based on purposive sampling method. Data collection tools were sampling, content analysis checklist and semi-structured interview questions. Findings show that education based on kindness and gentleness has ontological, anthropological, epistemological, biological, sociological, psychological and religious dimensions. 60 main components were extracted based on the abovementioned dimensions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        122 - Quranic fundamentals and legitimacy regulations of governmental agencies controlling the privacy
        mino khaki sayed mostafa mohaqeq damad mahdi darghey
        10.30495/qsf.2023.1905345.2228
        This resaerch peformed with a descriptive- analytical approach aimed at studying the level, necessity and limits of legitimacy for protecting system, national and public interests as well as their contention and interaction with the individuals’ privacy. The impor More
        This resaerch peformed with a descriptive- analytical approach aimed at studying the level, necessity and limits of legitimacy for protecting system, national and public interests as well as their contention and interaction with the individuals’ privacy. The importance of the research problem is that the individuals in the society and as a collective life are of different rights including personal and social ones where, in practice, those rights partly are in contention with other’s right and public interests. Hence, to establish the social order, it is required to refer to inclusive rules, which respects, from one hand, the personal rights and freedoms as privacy and protects, from the other hand, the social rights or public interest. Consequently, considering the jurisprudential resources as well as referring to the legal fundamentals and statutes based on the public wisdom, it can be stated that the rules legislated for the purpose of protecting the system and public interests have been established generally and in fact for protecting the privacy and peace of individuals though at times interfering and in contention with protecting the individuals’ privacy. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        123 - Investigating the level of attention to positive thinking lifestyle in Islamic texts and Quran
        Ashaq Shirin Kam Effat Abbasi
        10.30495/qsf.2021.684505
        The present study was conducted to examine the level of attention to the positive thinking lifestyle in Islamic texts and the Qur'an. Positive thinking is a form of thinking that, as a matter of habit, seeks to obtain the best results from the worst situations. The meth More
        The present study was conducted to examine the level of attention to the positive thinking lifestyle in Islamic texts and the Qur'an. Positive thinking is a form of thinking that, as a matter of habit, seeks to obtain the best results from the worst situations. The method used is descriptive-analytical, and it is based on library studies and documentary method, which has been done by taking notes from valid books and articles and by searching in software. The most important achievement of this research is familiarity with the positive attitude and its effect, as one of the most important factors in religious life. This is possible by having a good faith in God and the people, and this approach will increase the existential capacity, the spirit of gratitude and cheerfulness. The results of the study also showed that positive thoughts and attitudes increase the body's defense level and make the body stronger. Also, positive thinking is the best way to fight stress. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        124 - A study of the validation of the requirements for researching the contents of the Qur'an from the point of view of Amin al-Khouli
        mohammad ghasemishoob
        10.30495/qsf.2023.1953976.2822
        انواع ترجمهترجمه نوشتارنوشتار مبدأ۹۰۹ / ۵٬۰۰۰نتایج ترجمهContent research in the Qur'an is one of the fundamental pillars of understanding the expressions of the Qur'an, which has been studied from various angles and perspectives, and among the thinkers who have dealt wi More
        انواع ترجمهترجمه نوشتارنوشتار مبدأ۹۰۹ / ۵٬۰۰۰نتایج ترجمهContent research in the Qur'an is one of the fundamental pillars of understanding the expressions of the Qur'an, which has been studied from various angles and perspectives, and among the thinkers who have dealt with this issue is Amina al-Khouli, a contemporary Egyptian scholar. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this paper examines the requirements of content-research from his perspective and has reached the approach that Kholi considers content-research necessary in three steps: 1- Content-research Lexical; 2- Quranic research content; 3- Analyzing the data obtained from the previous steps with the non-synchronization approach. From Kholi's point of view, in the first step, the necessary attention should be paid to several requirements, which are: 1- Semantic evolution of words; 2- Understanding the meaning of the descending age of words; 3- Recognizing whether the words are Arabic or Arabic; 4. Axis of sensory principle; 5- Analysis of meaning based on Arabic sense and taste. However, despite all its strengths, Kholi's theory is criticized from three dimensions: 1- "Incomplete induction of evidence"; 2- "Existence of ambiguity in some requirements"; 3- "Not counting all the requirements". Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        125 - A Study on Quranic Studies Position in Universal Science Production by Science Measurement Techniques
        Ali Akbar Khasseh Saeed Sadeqi Ibrahim Ezzati Saeed Ghaffari
        The aim of the current paper is to analyze and study the position of Quranic researches in universal science production by applying science measurement techniques. Statistical population is made of the Quranic studies which figured out during 20 years in ISI (Thomson Re More
        The aim of the current paper is to analyze and study the position of Quranic researches in universal science production by applying science measurement techniques. Statistical population is made of the Quranic studies which figured out during 20 years in ISI (Thomson Reuters) Web of Science. The findings show prove that in the abovementioned duration 1479 researches in the field of Quran have been recorded in Web of Science in which only 70 belongs to Iran. According to results, The United States of America stands in the first position by 337 Quranic research and Islamic Republic of Iran in the fourth. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        126 - Explaining Quranic Reading of “Contentment” as the Factor of Pure life’s Interpenetration in Nahj Al Balaghah
        Seyyed Ali Seyyed Taher Al Dini Mahshid Izadi Najmeh Vakili
        The way and type of life that God introduces to human is the pure life (Hayat Al Tayyeba), which is a manifestation of God's real life; the life saturated purity and innocence free of treachery and contamination; begins with faith and good deeds and continues to the per More
        The way and type of life that God introduces to human is the pure life (Hayat Al Tayyeba), which is a manifestation of God's real life; the life saturated purity and innocence free of treachery and contamination; begins with faith and good deeds and continues to the perfection of servitude and makes mankind close to his Lord. The present article studies harmony interpenetration of Hayat Tayyeba in Nahj Al – Balaghah according to its definition and concept.  Righteous deeds based on the sermons, letters and wisdoms of Imam Ali (AS) are selected among intended criteria by Hayat Tayyeba are selected and documented followed by presenting explanations and criteria. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        127 - Blessing and its Equipment in Quran and Hadith
        Jamal Farzand vahy Zahra Zaheri Rouhollah Zaheri
        This world's equipment is not limited to money and appearance but there is another affair in other world which relates unworldly and moral ones which has precise and adorable relationship with this world's affairs. One of these morals is Bounty or Blessing which has bro More
        This world's equipment is not limited to money and appearance but there is another affair in other world which relates unworldly and moral ones which has precise and adorable relationship with this world's affairs. One of these morals is Bounty or Blessing which has brought in Holy Quran as Elevated, Blessed, Fortunate and Auspicious about thirty two times. The present paper studies the word "Blessing" and its equipment such as Holy Quran, Pray, Hajj, to Promote Virtue and Prevent Vice, visit the sick, charity, places and times, eatables and drinkables and animals. The method is librarian and the applied main recourse is Holy Quran. Being familiar with the equipment and their application in daily life are the main goals of this article. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        128 - The Relationship between Pure Life and Contentment from Quran and Interpretations’ Viewpoint
        Maryam Solgi Zohreh Sadat Nabavi Abolfazl Sepahi
        There are conflicts on the pure life meaning between the related interpreters. Some interpret it as paradise’s blessing, Divine recognition and Lord’s obedience; and some consider its worldly aspect such as contentment, pure income and daily bread. Some othe More
        There are conflicts on the pure life meaning between the related interpreters. Some interpret it as paradise’s blessing, Divine recognition and Lord’s obedience; and some consider its worldly aspect such as contentment, pure income and daily bread. Some others also consider both worldly and over worldly concepts by interpreting the pure life as happiness. The present research is descriptive – analytical. By studying and analyzing the existing narrations and traditions, it has resulted out that there are various interpretations about pure life which could be merged and gathered together; and the special situation of contentment shows that not only it is known as the concept of pure life but also is the strong point and the main element of it. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        129 - INTONATION AND PHONETIC SYSTEM OFTHE HOLY QURAN
        Mahdi Momtahen Mahin Hajizadeh
        The holy Quran - miracle of Muhammad the prophet (PBUH) - is an everlasting treasure which was inspired to him with the emergence of Islam. As time goes by more and more astonishing originalities are discovered in this divine book. One aspect of the holy Quran which has More
        The holy Quran - miracle of Muhammad the prophet (PBUH) - is an everlasting treasure which was inspired to him with the emergence of Islam. As time goes by more and more astonishing originalities are discovered in this divine book. One aspect of the holy Quran which has not been thoroughly paid attention to is its musical and phonetic system. This is the impression made by the musical recital of the holy Quran and not by its precious content the impression mead by textual structure and not by meaning. This musical intonation is woven into the words and sentences of the holy Quran and is only apprehended through high imperceptible understanding. The present article studies this aspect of the holy Ourem.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        130 - Descriptive Methodology of Al-Mizan Interpretation based on Content Analysis of Qaaf Surah
        Hadis Riyahi
        10.30495/qsf.2021.680781
        One of the most significant factors influencing the development of humanities is the explanation of methodological issues. This helps the researcher to better understand the process of religious studies and the context of the formation of religious texts, and through th More
        One of the most significant factors influencing the development of humanities is the explanation of methodological issues. This helps the researcher to better understand the process of religious studies and the context of the formation of religious texts, and through this can lead to the discovery and extraction of deep semantic layers of Qur'anic verses in the form of new methods. This article tries to study the interpretation of "Al-Mizan" and describe its method using descriptive methodology and quantitative and qualitative content analysis. By choosing Qaaf Surah, the researcher examines the method of the following Allameh and its interpretive propositions; Finally, with the help of statistical data, Allameh's method has been analyzed and introduced in Qaaf Surah. The findings of this study indicate that Allameh has used ijtihad method to interpret the verses of Qaaf Surah compared to other methods and most of the figures are in quantitative analysis related to this field and after this field the interpretation of Quran to Quran (context) has the highest frequency in the types of interpretation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        131 - A Survey on Religious Extremism and the Role of Islamic Education in its Controlling
        Farhad Ramezan Zadeh Seyyed Ibrahim Mirshaah Jafari
        The main goal of the present research is to study religious extremism and the role of Islamic education in controlling it.  This type of research classifies in qualitative and in the sub – field of interpretative – structuralism paradigm from philosophy More
        The main goal of the present research is to study religious extremism and the role of Islamic education in controlling it.  This type of research classifies in qualitative and in the sub – field of interpretative – structuralism paradigm from philosophy and paradigm viewpoint. The method of the research is qualitative content analysis (librarian). The statistical population includes existing related researches and documents in scientific websites. Statistical sample is continued to achieve theoretical saturation and finding religious extremism issues. Tools of research are all documents and deeds which are related to religious extremism and guidance of applying religious learnings in forming extremism (by taking notes). Thematic analysis is the analytical method of this research. The desirable education elements are compiled by analyzing related contexts by inductive reasoning. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        132 - Analysis in the Journal of "Studies on Arabic Language and Literature
        Marzieh Kohandel Jahromi
        Introduction: With reviewing of scientific production in any field, strategic planning could be conducted for policy research assessment, improve the quality of research activities and evaluate obtained promotions. This study aimed to analyze the content of published ar More
        Introduction: With reviewing of scientific production in any field, strategic planning could be conducted for policy research assessment, improve the quality of research activities and evaluate obtained promotions. This study aimed to analyze the content of published articles in the journal of "Studies on Arabic Language and Literature during the years 2010 to 2013”. Methods: In this descriptive study, the content of 93 articles published in the Journal of "Studies on Arabic Language and Literature during the years 2010 to 2013 and mention the most important subject areas in the field of Arabic language and literature and most of them were affiliated to Teshrin University. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        133 - A Study on Woman's Critics in Midaq Alley Novel Based on Content Sociology
        Fatemeh Ghaderi Fatemeh Jamshidi
        Literature is the mirror of human relationship with others and himself and also it gives an image of our surroundings events. That's why human needs to understand literary works and their analysis and concepts interpretations. The main goal of content sociology – More
        Literature is the mirror of human relationship with others and himself and also it gives an image of our surroundings events. That's why human needs to understand literary works and their analysis and concepts interpretations. The main goal of content sociology – as a criticism methods of literature sociology – is to study the content of literary works. The present paper – in descriptive – analytic method – studies Midaq Alley novel based on "Hamideh" the main character and the novel's hero. The author initially reveals the relationship between the society and the literature and then introduces content sociology method and finally brings samples of social problems in Hamideh's life. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        134 - A comparison of Rumiyat by Abu Foras and Habsiyat (Prison Poetry) by Masoud Saad
        Mohammad Hadi Morady Sohbatollah Hasanvand
        Abu Foras Hamdani and Masoud Saad Salman spent many years of their lives far from their home in prison. The prison’s condition made them compose poetry which expresses their emotions and concerns in regard to the events of the time and realities of the life.This s More
        Abu Foras Hamdani and Masoud Saad Salman spent many years of their lives far from their home in prison. The prison’s condition made them compose poetry which expresses their emotions and concerns in regard to the events of the time and realities of the life.This sort of poetry has got some technical characteristics which make it a special type of literature. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        135 - Validation of content knowledge model, pedagogy and technology of first secondary science teachers in Kurdistan province
        Parvin Aftabi Majid AliAsgari Mustafa Ghadri
        The aim of the present study was to investigate the validity of the model of content knowledge, pedagogy and technology of first secondary science teachers in Kurdistan province. This research was a descriptive study with correlation design and model validation. The sta More
        The aim of the present study was to investigate the validity of the model of content knowledge, pedagogy and technology of first secondary science teachers in Kurdistan province. This research was a descriptive study with correlation design and model validation. The statistical sample included 120 first secondary science teachers in Kurdistan province. The data was obtained using a questionnaire. The final model of the research using partial least squares technique and Smart software. L. S was validated. The results showed that the model developed in this research has high reliability. The results of the hypothesis test showed that teachers' knowledge has a positive and significant effect on content knowledge; Technological knowledge has a positive and significant effect on the organizational and managerial factors of education; The knowledge of teachers has a positive and significant effect on the knowledge of pedagogy; Teachers' knowledge has a positive and significant effect on the managerial and organizational factors of education; Content knowledge has a positive and significant effect on the organizational and management factors of education; Pedagogical knowledge has a positive and significant effect on the organizational and managerial factors of education. This research helps science teachers to choose a suitable model for their educational activities in the classroom to help fill the gap in science teachers' knowledge and allow the learner to create knowledge; Not that he learns knowledge only through education. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        136 - Designing a Talent Management Model for Educational managers: A Qualitative Study
        Mazaher Babaei Seyed Ahmad Hashemi Abbas Gholtash
        The aim of the present study is to design a talent management model for Educational managers. Therefore, this is a qualitative and deductive study. The statistical population of the research consists of existing literature on talent management, from among which 29 paper More
        The aim of the present study is to design a talent management model for Educational managers. Therefore, this is a qualitative and deductive study. The statistical population of the research consists of existing literature on talent management, from among which 29 papers were selected as target samplings. For collecting qualitative data, we have used note-taking and the content analysis techniques. The main question is analyzed by the content analysis technique and thereby, seven categories are identified as the main dimensions in the design of talent management model, which are: recognition and discovery of talent resources; the recruitment of talent resources; the selection of talent resources; developing talent resources; maintaining talent resources; assessing talent resources; and finally, the results of talent resources. The findings show that the obtained model presents a suitable method for moving toward the ideal talent management situation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        137 - Analysis of the content of the sociology book of the second year of high school based on the amount of attention paid to the components of cultural competence
        مریم افضل خانی
        Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the content of the sociology book of the second year of high school based on the level of attention paid to the components of cultural competence. Method: The research method in this research is des More
        Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the content of the sociology book of the second year of high school based on the level of attention paid to the components of cultural competence. Method: The research method in this research is descriptive and content analysis type. The statistical population included all sociology textbooks of the second year of high school. Considering the nature of the research topic and due to the limited statistical population, sampling was omitted and the entire statistical population was considered as a sample. In this research, the unit of image analysis is question and activity, and Shannon's entropy method was used for data analysis. The validity and reliability of the research tool has been confirmed. Findings: The main findings of the research indicate that out of a total of 893 units for the components of cultural competence, individual competence, academic competence, religious competence and environmental competence, respectively, in sociology books of the second year, the importance coefficient is 0.2398., 0.2549, 0.2547 and 0.2518. The highest coefficient of importance in the content of the sociology textbook of the second year of high school is for the component "academic competence" (0.2549) and the lowest coefficient of importance is related to the component "individual competence" with the coefficient of 0.2398. Conclusion: The general result of the content analysis showed that although the characteristics of cultural competence have been paid attention to in the sociology textbooks of the second year of high school, but the amount of attention paid to the components of cultural competence in different courses is unbalanced. In some courses, very little attention has been paid to some components, and this leads to students not being aware of these components. Balanced attention to the components of cultural competence are different from each other. It is necessary that the current state of teaching the components of cultural competence is not comprehensive enough. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        138 - Evaluation of Antioxidant activity, Total phenolic and Flavonoid content of the extract of Adonis aestivalis L. collected from Lorestan Province
        mahboubeh taherkhani مجید قربانی مرضیه حسینی
        Adonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is More
        Adonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is it's uses in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia or sexual problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of the methanolic (%80) and ethyl acetate extract of A. aestivalis and compare them with each other. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined using the Folin ciocalteau assay at the presence of galic acid as standard and also the total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using spectrophotometer methods at the presence of catechin as standard. Antioxidant activity of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined upon Ferric-Reducing-Antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The result showed that the total phenolic content of the methanolic extract was determined to be 607.262.35 mg GAE/g sample and total flavonoid content 97.810.007 mg catechin equivalent/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (378.378.64 mg GAE/g sample, 89.730.003 mg catechin equivalent/g sample, respectively). Also the FRAP properties of the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis was determined to be 3.9850.001 mg GAE/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (3.4940.0004) mg GAE/g sample. The results showed that the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis has high antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content. Therefore further comprehensive investigation is required to determine the antioxidant properties of A. aestivalis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        139 - Political Knowledge within Mental System of Imam Khomeini (ra)
        علی شیرخانی داود سبزی
        Politics and its pertinent knowledge is regarded as one of the main issues of human sciences, which has preoccupied minds of many theorists and scientific environments. For the same reason, reviewing the writings of great thinkers can noticeably help understand and loca More
        Politics and its pertinent knowledge is regarded as one of the main issues of human sciences, which has preoccupied minds of many theorists and scientific environments. For the same reason, reviewing the writings of great thinkers can noticeably help understand and localize politics and its knowledge. One of the personalities, thoughts and mental system of whom can beneficially contribute to theorists in this field about cognitive study of politics and its localizing methods is Imam Khomeini (ra). Since politics, as to opinion of Imam Khomeini (ra), has an exalted status in Islam, this approach has been crystallized in the ideas of the deceased Imam and he puts great emphasis upon the category in his mental system. Of course, unlike western views, his manner of looking at politics and knowledge derived from it ceases to be single dimension and merely materialistic one; rather, he illustrates material and worldly aspects for politics that can be enabled to bring human prosperity in all his lifetime. While stating that politics creates substance for happiness and salvation of people, he enumerates a good deal of effects for knowledge among which community-wide elimination of corruption, upholding justice, countering with political systems tyranny, paving grounds for liberty of citizens and so on can be referred to. In order to let politics reach the highest aim, he underlined its localization and its indices can be observed to strengthen Islamism, monotheistic attitude towards Islam and utilization of Islamic sources. Local politics in mental system of Imam Khomeini (ra) has the following structure: aggregation of idealism and realism, connection of ideology with manifestations of civilization, ranking of people, collectivism of Islam, bi-dimensional salvation (material and spiritual) and justice-centeredness. Through such approach, components of knowledge of local politics can be articulated in the eyes of Imam Khomeini (ra) to have a nature of Ijtihad, argumentation, obligation, time and space centeredness, instrumental knowledge, finalism and the other world centeredness. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        140 - Combining Content and Content Making with Rhetoric Structure in Zohoori Torshizi’s Eulogistic Odes
        Farajollah Fakoori Mohamad ali Gozashti Ali Asqar Babasalar
        10.30495/dk.2021.1916274.2142
        Thematic creation is the creation or discovery of a new relationship and connection between a mental thing and an objective thing, which apparently has no connection. The "theme" and the creation of the theme are the main elements of the Indian style. This  style, More
        Thematic creation is the creation or discovery of a new relationship and connection between a mental thing and an objective thing, which apparently has no connection. The "theme" and the creation of the theme are the main elements of the Indian style. This  style, due to its linguistic capacities and artistic applications, tries to create a semantic connection between a subjective and an objective thing and separate the ode from vulgarity; In this style, the poet has no choice but to create art and prevent repetition. The theme has been known and used as a prominent technical term in Persian poetry since the middle of the tenth century. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical method, while clarifying the nature of the theme and thematicization, examines the thematic-creation techniques in Tarshizi's emergent euologies. An emerging effort in praise poems has always been to discover and create a new connection between phenomena along the verse in the axis of vocabulary, one of the words as one of the main aspects of imagery and often has the additional role of synecdoche as a pillar of thematization, in order to create a network of themes and clusters of imagination. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        141 - The Study of "Features of Lyrical Literature" and "Emotional Role of Language" in the Textual Context of Gol va Nowruz (Flowers and Noweuz) Collection by Khajavi Kermani
        Gholam Hossain Khodayar Ahmad Hasani Ranjbar Ashraf Sheibani Aqdam
        10.30495/dk.2021.1918771.2166
        Each literary convention has some thematic as well as stylistic features that differentiates it from other conventions. Khajavi Kermani is one of the poet who pays particular attention to the epic as well as didactic aspects in his lyric poems. This descriptive-analytic More
        Each literary convention has some thematic as well as stylistic features that differentiates it from other conventions. Khajavi Kermani is one of the poet who pays particular attention to the epic as well as didactic aspects in his lyric poems. This descriptive-analytical study seeks to answer the question to what extent the narrative structure of Khaji Kermani's poem "Flowers and Nowruz" is compatible with the components of lyrical literature from the point of view of linguistic and literary approaches? Findings indicate that in the textual context of this system, the "poetic and literary function" of the text shows the dominance of the role of "emotional language" over its "referential" role. There are many factors that can be enumerated in this collection that have been proposed in order to strengthen the "lyrical element" of the text and have put its "narrative dimension" in the next place. Factors such as "lyrical compositions and interpretations", "soft and delicate descriptions", "sad and isolationist atmosphere", "loving and beloved action", "lack of complex extra-textual reference", "simple syntactic structure of sentences", and "fragment" The main expressions of the main character","multiple uses of expressive elements such as metaphor and simile","description of battle scenes and feasts" are the most important manifestations of the crystallization of this role in the poem" Flower and Nowruz". In addition to this type of processing of characters such as "hero", "villain", "helper", "princess", "benevolent and advisor" and the theme of the narrative such as "dreaming", "journey", "existence of obstacles" "In the path of carpentry", "conflict with the dragon, etc.", have also been used with the aim of strengthening the lyrical element of the text. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        142 - Content-based analysis and examine of Farrokhi Yazdi’s "Toofan Haftegi"
        Mahmoud Sadeghzadeh
        10.30495/dk.2022.694811
        Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi except from  composition of the political poems and the publication of the critical “storm” newspaper, published the "weekly storm" magazine for two years,  to develop the  literary works, to promote poetry, to develop More
        Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi except from  composition of the political poems and the publication of the critical “storm” newspaper, published the "weekly storm" magazine for two years,  to develop the  literary works, to promote poetry, to develop the Persian language and literature and to generalize the European literary works. In this study, with reviewing the 41 existing numbers of the “weekly storm” with the descriptive, analytical and quantitative assessment method, we introduce and examine the publication motives, formal structure, importance and quality, content, and writers and poets of the magazine. Because of the high position of the authorities, the publication of useful literary, artistic and historical literature, and the quality and diversity of Iranian and worldly literary materials, the literary magazine benefits from the cooperation of popular writers and poets like:  Malek o-Sho''arā Bahār, Abdolhossein Hazhir, Ishmael Yekani, Sayyed Ahmad Kasravi, Sayyed Abdolrahim Khalkhali, Ali Javaherolkalam, and etc among foreigner writers and poets, translations of Tolstoy works and Victor Hugo works had been more commonly used. In the second period of publication, due to the policies of the Reza Shahi period, Toofan adopts a more lenient approach and pays more attention to social, economic and literary issues, while emphasizing the elements of Iranian identity and literary traditions in a balanced way towards modernity. Hence, due to the necessity of modernity and understanding the situation of the time, he uses prose texts and fiction in translations of Western works. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        143 - A Comparative Study of the Narrative and Content Structure of Two Folk Tales (Darabnameh and Bakhtiarnameh)
        Khatereh Bakhtiary Haftlang Masood Motamedi Manijeh Zarei
        10.30495/dk.2021.1929651.2256
        Folk tales are one of the literary genres that is derived from an ancient tradition in storytelling in which the storyteller uses various categories in order to entertain, character, spirits and aspirations of the Iranian people. And also depict their social history. Th More
        Folk tales are one of the literary genres that is derived from an ancient tradition in storytelling in which the storyteller uses various categories in order to entertain, character, spirits and aspirations of the Iranian people. And also depict their social history. The two popular and readable folk tales of Darabnameh, Tartousi and Bakhtiarnameh of Daghayeghi Marvzi, are this kind. Whereas long folk tales have a high research capacity; The present study is dedicated to examining and comparing the narrative and content structure of these two stories. In this research, which has been done analytically-descriptively and using library studies, after reviewing and analyzing the validity and content of the two works, it has been obtained that the narrative structure of Darabnameh is more robust and attractive than that of Bakhtiarnameh. Enjoys. Also, in terms of content, Darabnameh is the presence of the golden and ancient culture of Iran, but in Bakhtiarnameh, we are mostly dealing with Islamic culture. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        144 - Comparative study of the content of Mirfanderski and Fayyaz Lahiji poems
        Parvin Jafarian Ali Asghar Halabi
        10.30495/dk.2021.1908479.2071
        The basis of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the basis for collecting data, documents and the nature of the method used qualitative content analysis.Indeed, in this treatise, the poetry of these two wise men of the eleventh century AH was examined fro More
        The basis of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the basis for collecting data, documents and the nature of the method used qualitative content analysis.Indeed, in this treatise, the poetry of these two wise men of the eleventh century AH was examined from the point of view of stylistic science.The use of the emotional language of poetry is a good case for a linguistic analysis-content based on stylistic science to express the scientific topics and explain philosophical issues by the philosopher of the language, such as Mirfendersky who has been fluent in addition to Farsi in Hindi.The same applies to Fayyaz Lahiji, who has devoted his poetic taste to explaining mystical and philosophical issues.In the field of content analysis, some of Mirferdeski's works are indications of the philosophy of illumination, and in others, there are strings of affection. This contradiction is also seen in Fayyad Lahiji's votes.Finally, it can be said that the content of the works of Fayyaz and Mirfendereski is rooted in the philosophical schools of Islam and Transcendentalism and Transcendental wisdom, and, of course, it can be considered a more serious poetry because of having a more poetic language and having a verse of poetry.At the same time, an analytical and comparative look at the content of the works of these two thinkers can be interesting in many fields, including semiotics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        145 - The Structure and Narrative Techniques of “autumn is the Last Season of the Year” Novel
        Teymoor Malmir Zinat nateghpoor
        10.30495/dk.2022.692017
        The novel called autumn is the last season of the year, written by Nasim Marashi, includes some stories about the life of three girls. We have analyzed the structure of the narration of the novel. The novel includes two parts, titled “summer” and “autu More
        The novel called autumn is the last season of the year, written by Nasim Marashi, includes some stories about the life of three girls. We have analyzed the structure of the narration of the novel. The novel includes two parts, titled “summer” and “autumn” that each of these two parts have three chapters, and each chapter is narrated from the viewpoint of one of the three main characters. The main plan of the novel, is based on the alternative narration by each of these three characters that has relationship with the other character. The predominant story of each of them is based on their own specific situation. All of three women have two types of narration. The method of their narration is similar. They use alternative method. The main content and thought of the novel is the statement of relativity. We have analyzed the method of narration, dichotomy, and conflicts of the novel, naming of the book and characters and the method of partitioning of the novel based on relativity. We have addressed the relativity of the method and different skills of the author, according to the thought and content of the novel, based on structural knowledge. The existence and presence of man is important for all three women, but the kind and amount of this importance is different in each case. The multilateral narration of the novel wants to represent the common problems of the young generation, especially 1360’s youth, in different areas and situations. The research data have collected by analytical by library approach and have processed by analytical and descriptive methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        146 - A Thematic and Stylistic Analysis of Mohammad Taher Qazvini’s Masnavi Weapons of War
        Mohammad Hosain Tashkari Bafghi Fatemeh Ghafouri Mehdiabad Pouran Yousefipour Kermani
        10.30495/dk.2022.1949413.2403
        Mirza Mohammad Taher Qazvini’s Weapons of War is one of the most valuable and poetic works of the 11th and early 12th centuries AH. This work includes 800 lines and is composed in the form of Masnavi. In this research, while briefly introducing the author and his More
        Mirza Mohammad Taher Qazvini’s Weapons of War is one of the most valuable and poetic works of the 11th and early 12th centuries AH. This work includes 800 lines and is composed in the form of Masnavi. In this research, while briefly introducing the author and his valuable work, the stylistic coordinates of this work have been studied. This research has been done based on a descriptive-analytical method. The poet has used historical allusions and hints to enrich his poems and thoughts. It is noteworthy that Mirza Mohammad Tahir Vahid Qazvini was influenced by the Safavid period in his illustration and depiction of war tools in Masnavi Weapons of War  and this work is one of the first instances to use new weapons tools such as pistols and weapons and guns.  In his book, Vahid Qazvini has repeatedly dealt with stories, religious narrations, historical and Islamic events, and great personalities such as the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Imam Ali (AS). In addition to these topics, he is well acquainted with Persian and Arabic literature and refers to stories and characters. The study of intellectual, linguistic and literary levels of this work undoubtedly paves the way for the knowledge and thinking of the poet's scientific and literary practice for those who are interested as well as the researchers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        147 - An Analysis and Interpretation of Bozorg Alavi’s Dezashoub Based on the Sociology of Content Theory
        meysam zare jahangir safari
        Bozorg Alavi is among those great Iranian writers who play a significant role in the evolution and development of short story writing in Iranian contemporary literature. Taking a critical realism approach in his stories, Alavi writes about the society and lets his reade More
        Bozorg Alavi is among those great Iranian writers who play a significant role in the evolution and development of short story writing in Iranian contemporary literature. Taking a critical realism approach in his stories, Alavi writes about the society and lets his readers to know about the community in which he used to live. Dezashoub is among his stories which reflect the changing milieu of his time. The present research has tried, via a descriptive-analytical approach, to consider the story of Dezashoub based on the sociology of content theory to unveil how the social life of people may change. The research revealed despite the fact that after modern social developments rural girls have found the opportunity to leave their village for big cities in order to enjoy schooling and higher education, they never go back to live in their villages, because the huge difference between the rural and urban facilities as well as the altered culture and lifestyle make them prefer the new urban life over their previous rural one. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        148 - Semiotics-based evaluation of the text “workbook of Marefat Khameneh school” (Based on John Searle’s speech act and general semiotics of Jean-Marie klinkenberg)
        Abolfazl Ghanizadeh
        10.30495/dk.2020.672389
        A historical manuscript is a national-cultural heritage of a community in which valuable secrets are hidden behind the words and concepts. Semiotics and content analysis technique were developed in late 20th century to identify the meaning of the secrets interwoven with More
        A historical manuscript is a national-cultural heritage of a community in which valuable secrets are hidden behind the words and concepts. Semiotics and content analysis technique were developed in late 20th century to identify the meaning of the secrets interwoven with the words in such manuscripts.The present study aims at investigating the historical text “workbook of Marefat Khameneh school” using two approaches namely speech act proposed by John Searle and semiology approach proposed by of jean-Marie klinkenberg. In this regard, a brief description is presented about five speech acts proposed by John Searle and then the concepts of “objective and value norms”, “center-oriented and centrifugal” structure of language, and “geographical, temporal and social” applications of language are explained and the three reactions including silences, hypercorrection and compensation are discussed to determine security rate in the relation between common norms and the norm of the language of interest. Afterward, the phrases written in the workbook were investigated using both approaches and it was revealed that speech act of the text is declarative, commisive, and directive; respectively and there is large gap and lack of security between the common norms and value norms embedded in the workbook Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        149 - Review the latest developments in structure and content Ghazal from 1991 to 2011
        Mehdi Zarei
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        150 - Analysis of the Content of Belief in Resurrection in Free Poems by Mahdi Akhavan Sales
        Masoumeh Sadat Mirjafari Alireza Fouladi
        10.30495/dk.2021.682095
        under the influence of the Western culture, modern contemporary poet, Mahdi Akhavan Salis, tried pay attention to Iranian culture and, to this end, tried to create a reconciliation of Zoroaster's personal and charitable tendencies, social orientations, and justice-seeki More
        under the influence of the Western culture, modern contemporary poet, Mahdi Akhavan Salis, tried pay attention to Iranian culture and, to this end, tried to create a reconciliation of Zoroaster's personal and charitable tendencies, social orientations, and justice-seeking. The present article tries to answer the question of the extent of his beliefs in the afterworld, using exact qualitative content analysis. The aim was to see whether in his belief in resurrection, Akhavan Salis proceeded to the same extent as the ancient Iranians? According to the scholars' view, Mazdak has been a follower of the Zoroastrian religion in terms of the principles of theology. In this tradition, the divine and individual judgment and the Chinadopal, the same path, paradise and hell, and collective judgment, and the ultimate punishment of the sinners to free them from the oppression of sin, and finally, The scarlet has a clear plan. This article   Finally, it concludes that 153 semi poetry and 5 white poems have been released, and in total 158 free verses of the Brotherhood, 59 times in 50 poetry and 4 times in 4 poems, and 63 times in total 33 poems related to resurrection, and the percentage of poems related to resurrection The poet's poetry ratio is 88/20. However, concludes that his view of the resurrection, in his free poems, is more of a gloomy, sometimes mocking and even libelous, nature and, therefore , does not coincide with the resurrection of the ancient Persians or any other belief in the resurrection. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        151 - Investigation on Durability of Copper Nano Particles on Cotton Fiber
        Shirin Nourbakhsh Shiva Iranfar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        152 - Improvement of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Manganese Steels by Adding Boron Alloying Element
        N. Arab
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        153 - The Influence of Boron Additions on Microstructure and Dry Sliding Wear of Cast FeAl-Based Alloys
        M Paryab M Ghanbari Haghighi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        154 - Qualitative analysis of the social-political concepts of the testament of the martyrs who defended the shrine of Tehran province
        Gholamreza Abedi Kushalshah Rosa Karampoor Ali Baseri
        The purpose of the present study is to examine the political-social concepts of the writings of the martyrs of the shrine of the province of Tehran in 1398. The concept of martyrdom was backed up by functionalist, structuralist, modern, postmodern, Interpreters and Musl More
        The purpose of the present study is to examine the political-social concepts of the writings of the martyrs of the shrine of the province of Tehran in 1398. The concept of martyrdom was backed up by functionalist, structuralist, modern, postmodern, Interpreters and Muslim thinker’s theories. Research Method and Research Strategy Quantitative content analysis is a technique in qualitative research, used to objectively and systematically describe the content of the message with the ultimate goal of interpreting the data and to identify and highlight the main axes or lines of the text. The statistical society including all the shrine protectorate's permits, according to the available and available works (20 shrines of the shrine) were selected, the sampling method Selected from available sample type. The findings of the research showed that the highest frequency of political concepts is 96.57 percent, and the highest frequency of social concepts is 42.44 percent in the wives and wills of shrine protectors of the shrine. The results of the research showed that two patterns from the text and the conclusions of the martyrs can be extracted. First, follow the uprising of Ashura and Imam Hussein as the true leader and flagship of this uprising and the second model of defending the soil, homeland, and the lives of allies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        155 - A Study of Intellectual Movements of Corporate Social Responsibility in Iran's Accounting Journals (2016-2020)
        Yaser Sadeghi Mojgan Safa
        Purpose: Recognition of different aspects of corporate social responsibility is increasingly important. Therefore, knowing previously researched issues in this regard is considered as an unavoidable necessity for future studies. The main purpose of the present study is More
        Purpose: Recognition of different aspects of corporate social responsibility is increasingly important. Therefore, knowing previously researched issues in this regard is considered as an unavoidable necessity for future studies. The main purpose of the present study is to review the content of published scientific papers in this term, gain more knowledge about social responsibility, and find out the research gaps in this regard.Method: In the present research, content analysis, that is a qualitative method to analyze and identify previous research works during a five-year period from 2016 to 2020, was used. Ultimately, among 2372 scientific papers published in this regard, 68 articles in 16 specialized accounting journals with the keyword of social responsibility were chosen for analysis.Findings: The results showed that 38 articles out of 68 ones under review have dealt with economic impacts of social responsibility on corporate financial performance. Although the number of articles published in terms of the social aspect of this issue is less than those about economic aspects, the former with 12 subcategories has a more extensive thematic range compared to the latter. The percentage of social responsibility studies compared to all published articles is 2.87%. The main application of the findings in this paper is classification of the previously conducted research articles that is useful to find the gaps in terms of corporate social responsibility.Conclusion: Despite proved positive impacts of corporate social responsibility on the betterment of financial and non-financial performance of organizations in many internal and external research studies, lack of a unified standard for to report social responsibility on the one hand, and arbitrary behavior of directors to report social and environmental activities on the other hand, have made the information in this term less sufficient and as a result, research about social responsibility faces some challenges.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        156 - Content Analysis of the Biannual Journal of Value and Behavioral Accounting (2016-2022)
        Ali Tarkhorani Seyed Abbas Borhani Mostafa Ezadpour Fatemeh Geramirad
        Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to review content features of articles published in 1ssue 1 to 13 of the Biannual Journal of Value and Behavioral Accounting.Method: This research is descriptive and it deals with content analysis of 136 papers published i More
        Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to review content features of articles published in 1ssue 1 to 13 of the Biannual Journal of Value and Behavioral Accounting.Method: This research is descriptive and it deals with content analysis of 136 papers published in 13 issues of the above mentioned journal from 2016 to 2020.Findings: The results indicate that 384 authors had a role in writing articles of the journal among whom 76% were men and 24% were women. 97% of the papers were written jointly and 3% were written individually. The authors who were associate professors (28%) have written the most articles. With respect to author affiliation, Islamic Azad University (Science and Research Branch) was the most active university and then Tehran University and Azad University in Karaj were respectively in the next stage of article production. Mr. Bani Mahd and Ro'yaii have written the most articles. In terms of topic, 45% of the articles were about behavioral accounting, 29% were about morality in the accounting and auditing process, 21% about sustainable development, and 5% were about Islamic accounting and auditing. The most frequent key words include: accounting, social, moral, behavior, profession, accountability, and performance.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        157 - Content and Statistical Analysis of Articles in the Quarterly Rays of Criticism in Arabic and Persian from the First Volume to 23
        Mahin Hajizadeh Masoud Bavan Pouri Maryam Daryanavard
        As articles and other scientific products are growing at an accelerating process in Iran and the world, there is an urgent need for standards to evaluate and compare scientific publications. This will be achieved through scientific assessment, Science that benefits from More
        As articles and other scientific products are growing at an accelerating process in Iran and the world, there is an urgent need for standards to evaluate and compare scientific publications. This will be achieved through scientific assessment, Science that benefits from information analysis. The academic Quarterly of Rays of Criticism in Arabic and Persian is considered as one of the most important journals in the field of Arabic language and literature in Iran which has been published in 27 volumes. This Quarterly has published 179 articles from 345 writers with distinguished university degrees and 44 universities and educational institutions. The subject of 45 articles, which means 25/13percent ison Persian literature and this contradicts the purpose of the Quarterly, which relied on Persian literature to identify it to Arab countries.This study focused on a statistical and analytical study of the number of authors of articles and their degrees and the extent of cooperation between them and the centers and institutions which cooperate in the quarterly. In this study, descriptive statistics method has been used. It means, Average,frequency and percentage are calculated, then the results are presented in charts and graphs.The research instrument is a statistical survey using SPSS version 16. The following results are obtained:50 articles were written individually, 129 articles were written jointly, Which 91 of these joint articles were written by  the authors from the same university and 38 articles written by the authors from different universities.HadiNazari has the most articles with 7 papers. Half of the articles are devoted to criticism and analysis of texts. 34 articles were written by the editorial board with an average of 18/9, which is acceptable.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        158 - Baroudi’s Poetical Oppositions: between Imitation and Innovation
        Hossein Mirzaee nia Neman Onegh
        In this article, we have tried to clear the concept of Baroudi’s poetical oppositions. Because there are some disagreements among many critics about the fact of his poetical oppositions as some believe that it is a pure imitation of past poets while some others be More
        In this article, we have tried to clear the concept of Baroudi’s poetical oppositions. Because there are some disagreements among many critics about the fact of his poetical oppositions as some believe that it is a pure imitation of past poets while some others believe that it made an innovation in his poetical oppositions. So we are going to find the fact of his poetical oppositions.  In this respect and to discover the truth, odes with which he opposed past poets were studied and at first his poetic style was dealt. And then we expressed the most important features of his poetical oppositions. Finally, we compared one of his poetical oppositions with Abouforas's poems to determine his style in poetical oppositions with past generations. With these introductions, we analyzed his oppositions in imitation and creation and tried to characterize his success level in poetical oppositions with emphasis on two key elements of literary action: “form and “content”. At the end of this study it was concluded that Baroudi has kept his own poetical style and characteristic in his poetical oppositions and that  most of the time the ode with which he opposed were the only sources of inspiration for the flourishing of  his poetic experiences.    Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        159 - Intertextuality in the Odes"Qol Leldiare"by Jarir and "Khaf Alqatin" by Akhtal
        Ali Nazari Yunes Vali
        There are several critical scrutinies in contemporary literature. Intertextuality is one of these. It is a  new critical idiom inserted  to Arab world from the  West which has several kinds that literary intertextuality  is one of them  which me More
        There are several critical scrutinies in contemporary literature. Intertextuality is one of these. It is a  new critical idiom inserted  to Arab world from the  West which has several kinds that literary intertextuality  is one of them  which means the  interference of  past literary texts to the present ones . This kind of intertextuality is visible in Naqaes.  This paper tries to discuss literary intertextuality  in the Jaria's ode "QOL LELDIARE" from NAQAES , by Akhtal's ode "KHAF ALQATIN" and its goal is to show   the  level of dialogue and interference  in form and content of both odes.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        160 - Content-based Image Retrieval Using Combining PCA and LDA Methods
        fatemeh Memar Mohammad Mehdi Hosseini Alireza Jalali
        Nowadays, digital images are widely used in the diagnosis of disease, facial and fingerprint, security systems, and more. Therefore, providing an accurate algorithm in image recognition and retrieval is very important. This paper presents a combination of PCA and LDA me More
        Nowadays, digital images are widely used in the diagnosis of disease, facial and fingerprint, security systems, and more. Therefore, providing an accurate algorithm in image recognition and retrieval is very important. This paper presents a combination of PCA and LDA methods for image retrieval. In this method, first, the color images in the RGB space are transferred to the HSV space, then the color, shape, and texture properties are extracted from the "V" component of the HSV color space. The proposed feature vector is then constructed using the LDP histogram, color histogram, Tamura histogram, and common event matrix. Then, by combining the two methods of PCA and LDA, the specificity is reduced and finally, the classification is done. Four scenarios were designed and evaluated to evaluate the proposed method. According to experimental result and evaluation criteria, The accuracy obtained was 97.6 which indicates the proper performance of the proposed method compared to similar tasks. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        161 - Investigating the effect of auditor personality type on the content aspect of the readability of the audit report
        Atefeh fazel Dehkord Hamidreza Jafaridehkordi Behrouz Eydivandi
        10.30486/fbra.2022.1949066.1065
        The audit report as a result of the assurance service process and its readability is one of the most important components of the report's comprehensibility for users, which can be influenced by many factors such as the personality traits of the auditors. The present stu More
        The audit report as a result of the assurance service process and its readability is one of the most important components of the report's comprehensibility for users, which can be influenced by many factors such as the personality traits of the auditors. The present study examines the effect of auditors' personality type on the content aspect of the readability of the audit report. In this study, data related to the auditor personality type variable were collected using the principal components test and five personality factors including extraversion, neuroticism, flexibility, agreeability and conscientiousness, through Neo McCray and Costa (1997) five-factor questionnaire. Gunning phage and flash indices were used to measure the content variability of the auditor's report. The selected sample in this study is 87 partners and audit managers who are members of the Society of Certified Public Accountants and 231 audit reports related to listed companies that were reviewed by these institutions in 2019. The results showed that the auditor's personality type in terms of content The readability of the auditor's report is influential and personality traits including conscientiousness, flexibility and extraversion of the auditor have a positive and significant effect on the readability of the auditor's report and the auditor's neuroticism and agreeability have no significant relationship with the content aspect of the readability of the audit report. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        162 - Allegorical cotents in zaser khosros poems
        Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Leila khayatan
        Alkgory is a term with a broad semantic scope;however,in Persian poetry and rhetoric,it mainly refers to three areas of simile,proverb,and allegorical narratives.Bsides,it is believed that allegory has its roots more inphilosophy and theology than in literature,therefor More
        Alkgory is a term with a broad semantic scope;however,in Persian poetry and rhetoric,it mainly refers to three areas of simile,proverb,and allegorical narratives.Bsides,it is believed that allegory has its roots more inphilosophy and theology than in literature,therefore,it seems tobe directly related to rationalist writings. In Persian literary history,naser khosro ghobadiani,a poet from 5th century,is one of the people who has extensively used allegorical contents in his works especially in his poems.from this perspective,his poems have a high potential for literary critique.In this study, naser khosros tendency to use allegory and allegorical narratives have been shown the influence of Esmaeilie goverments belief an thought system on use of these allegorical contents has also been investigated.Naser khosro has maidnly used allegorical similes and allegorical narratives in his poems.In his narratives and similies, the surface-level is a collection of images,characters,objects and actions that,in their deep-level,have a moral or didactic message,or a mentalidea. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        163 - Language, cases and tools of establishing Joke
        Abolghasem Radfar
        Abstract:   Joke and joke speeching is one of special methods for stating society critical issues thus a Joky conserves human values and by state tool defends decrease of instinctual in his day, Joke recognizes human tours more than anything, and also the persons More
        Abstract:   Joke and joke speeching is one of special methods for stating society critical issues thus a Joky conserves human values and by state tool defends decrease of instinctual in his day, Joke recognizes human tours more than anything, and also the persons with Joke problems. Factors of making Jokes beside to laugh i.e. its base including special language that's different in respect to types of Joke, proverbs, idioms terms and expressions, using types of state and intellectual and talk decorations like blame like appraise, similarities, expressions, authorized, describing, proverbs, accent and folk uses and setting aside two unsuitable things causes laughing, also goal of Joke is using suitable combinations with position and adaptive with time for respecting people personality who have not been played during many years in field of politics etc.     Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        164 - Understanding the phytochemical constitution, antioxidant potential and spectral characteristics of aqueous extracts of the chosen leafy vegetables from south India
        Sobha Kota Pradeep Dumpala Hariseetharam Prasad Dachepalli Anantha Ratna Kumari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        165 - Effect of freeze-drying and spray-drying on total phenolics content and antioxidant activity from aqueous extract of Justicia secunda leaves
        Emmanuel N’dri Koffi Amian Brise Benjamin Kassi Felix Anoh Adje Yves François Lozano Yves-Alain Bekro
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        166 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of Ammi visnaga L. using response surface methodology
        Zineb El Jabboury Smail Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima Chater Uros Gasic Peđa  Janaćković Zora Dajic Stevanovic Stefan  Kolašinac Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El Ghadraoui
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        167 - Effect of solvent, time and method of extraction on the amounts of phenolic, flavonoid and the antioxidant activity of the extract of Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f.
        Fatemeh Rabbani Malihe Samadi Kazemi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        168 - Evaluation of cholesterol lowering property of selected herbs in ghee (heat clarified milk fat)
        Krupaben M. Shingala Rayan V. Lunagariya Bhavbhuti M. Mehta V.B. Darji K.D. Aparnathi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        169 - Design and Validation of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Software for Treatment of Flying Phobia
        Javad Rasti gholamreza manshaee Parvin Eslami
        10.30486/jsrp.2018.545634
        This study wasaimed at designing and validation of a software for treating flying phobia, based on real recorded VR 360-degree films of an entire flying. At the content validity stage of the software, the population consisted of all phobia therapists and computer and me More
        This study wasaimed at designing and validation of a software for treating flying phobia, based on real recorded VR 360-degree films of an entire flying. At the content validity stage of the software, the population consisted of all phobia therapists and computer and media specialists, and 9 of them were selected on purpose as the samples. At the introductory intervention stage, the population comprised all subjects with flying phobia, and 10 of them were, then, randomly assigned to test and control groups. The research tools were a 360-degree camera, a VR display, and Bornas’ Fear of Flight Scale. For content validation, the software was presented to the specialists and their ratings were analyzed, which led to Cohen's Kappa Coefficient of 0.78.This seems to fit well in terms of content validity. Also, covariance analysis at the introductory intervention stage indicated that this software significantly was effective in diminishing fear of flying (P < 0.05). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        170 - Designing a Model to Online Shopping Behavior Based on the Quality of Sites
        Mahmoud Naderi Bani Mahdi Al Husseini almodarresi adeleh dehghani ghahnavi Mohammad Mahdi afshar
        The purpose of this research was to provide a comprehensive model of the determinants of online shopping behavior based on site quality. This research was descriptive and Applied Survey. The populaition of research was M.A students with entrance of 1393 in Yazd Universi More
        The purpose of this research was to provide a comprehensive model of the determinants of online shopping behavior based on site quality. This research was descriptive and Applied Survey. The populaition of research was M.A students with entrance of 1393 in Yazd University. 212 sample were chosen based on Cochran formula and by classes sampling. The data collection instrument was questionnaire. data analysis was performed by little squares and by helping of Smart Pls2/0 and Amos23 softwares. Findings showed that technical, appearance and content quality of website Positive affect intention to internet purchase (P<0/05). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        171 - Prediction of Marital Satisfaction Based on Factors of Family Process and Content among Primary School Teachers in the City of karaj
        Hadi salimi Farshad mohsen zade ali mohammad nazari
        The purpose of the present research was to predict marital satisfaction based on factors of family process and content among elementary school teachers in Karaj city. Research method was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population were all the married elemen More
        The purpose of the present research was to predict marital satisfaction based on factors of family process and content among elementary school teachers in Karaj city. Research method was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population were all the married elementary schools teachers in Karaj city in the academic year of 2014-2015. 358 people were selected as the sample through random cluster sampling based on the Morgan table. To collect the, data Marital Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976), Family Process Scale (Samani, 2007/ 1387s.c.) and Family Content Scale (Samani, 2007/1387s.c.) were used. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. The results of stepwise regression showed that, components of family process including decision making and problem solving, communication skills, family solidarity and coping skills, except religious beliefs. can predict marital satisfaction. (P < 0.001). Also, it was shown that family content components including financial sources, time for being together, occupation and education, physical and mental health and social prestige, except living location and educational facilities, can predict marital satisfaction (P < 0.001). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        172 - The qualitative study of transmitted shame and guilt feeling from parents in male adolescents with history of Self- injury
        Ali Gharadaghi Iraj Hamrang salaam rahimi
        10.30486/jsrp.2019.1875873.1991
        This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the views of Self-injury adolescents about the feelings of guilt and shame transmitted from their parents to make them aware of the nature of this subject. This study was a qualitative one and statistical population was w More
        This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the views of Self-injury adolescents about the feelings of guilt and shame transmitted from their parents to make them aware of the nature of this subject. This study was a qualitative one and statistical population was whole high schools of Baneh' city that selected three schools by cluster random sampling method. After screening, 7 male teenage students with self-harming behavior were interviewed.The main method of data collection was semi-structured interviews and data were analyzed by inductive qualitative content analysis method. The validity of this study was rooted in four pillars: "Credibility, Transmissibility, Confidentiality and Confidence." The six of intrinsic were extracted and in the three main categories, including the type of guilty and shameful feelings, the sources of transferring feelings of guilt and shame and the consequences of the transfer of feeling guilty and shame were categorized. The Kind of thoughts (expectations) and negative behaviors of parents played a key role in the formation of negative emotions such as guilt and shame of adolescents and their tendency towards Self-mutilation behavior. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        173 - Manifestations of Globalization and Linguistic Imperialism in English Language Teaching and Materials Preparation: Ideology in the International ELT Textbooks
        Seyyed Ali Kazemi Nader Asadi Aidinlou Haniyeh Davatgari Asl
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        174 - Gender Issues in Select Moroccan ELT Textbooks: A Review
        Hassan Ait Bouzid
        10.30486/relp.2019.665890
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        175 - Assessing Language Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): EFL Students’ Perspectives
        Jalil Fathi Saman Yousefifard
        10.30486/relp.2019.665888
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        176 - CLT in Prospect Series: A Predictive Evaluation of Iranian Junior High School English Textbooks
        Ahmad Goodarzi Hiwa Weisi Nouroddin Yousofi
        10.30486/relp.2020.1881368.1162
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        177 - Tracking Modifications of Iranian EFL Teachers’ Pedagogical Beliefs in Interaction between a Pre-Service Teacher Training Program and Teaching Practices
        Parisa Etela Hossein Saadabadi Motlagh Saeed Yazdani
        10.30486/relp.2023.1977663.1432
        Recently, the sources of teachers’ beliefs and modifications in their beliefs have received special attention; therefore, this longitudinal study investigated Iranian EFL teachers’ pedagogical beliefs. The study attempted to track possible alterations in pedagogical bel More
        Recently, the sources of teachers’ beliefs and modifications in their beliefs have received special attention; therefore, this longitudinal study investigated Iranian EFL teachers’ pedagogical beliefs. The study attempted to track possible alterations in pedagogical beliefs after participating in a two-year teacher training program and following teaching practices. Through convenient sampling, the researchers selected 24 Iranian EFL teacher students who had teaching experiences of 3-10 years at Islamic Azad University; Shiraz Branch. They collected the required data through a teacher belief questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The results of both quantitative and qualitative data indicated that teaching practices made a unique influence on the modifications in teachers’ pedagogical beliefs. In other words, the results emphasized the power of teaching practice in any modification in teachers’ beliefs over theoretical teaching. These findings have important implications for teacher educators who seek to modify teachers’ beliefs during teacher training programs. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        178 - Evaluating the Presentation and Practice of Reading Skill in Vision 3 and its Workbook Using Two Frames of Reference: Categories of a Taxonomy and Perspectives of English Teachers
        Mavadat Saidi
        10.30486/relp.2021.1916777.1243
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        179 - Exploring Contents of Peer Feedback Dynamics Using Patterns of Pair Interaction: Iranian EFL Learners' Written Discourse in Focus
        Ahmadreza Jamshidipour Hamidreza Khalaji Faramarz Azizmalayeri
        10.30486/relp.2021.1915941.1242
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        180 - Scrutinizing the Supremacy of Age & Proficiency Level in Learning Content Vocabulary via Concept Mapping among Iranian EFL Learners
        Azadeh Sarabandi Marjan Vosoughi Neda Moezzi pour
        10.30486/relp.2022.1949526.1351
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        181 - Collective Efficacy of TEFL Students in Collaborative Content Learning Classroom
        Rogayeh Eslami Mahnaz Saeidi Touran Ahour
        10.30486/relp.2023.1989303.1472
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        182 - AI-English Language Generated Content: Navigating the Fine Line Between Originality and Plagiarism
        Masoud Neysani Seyedeh Elham Elhambakhsh Ahmadreza Nikbakht
        10.30486/relp.2024.2001389.1517
        The era of AI-generated content has introduced a profound transformation in the realms of creativity, authorship, and intellectual property rights. This study examined two research aspects. Firstly, it explored the impact of AI- English language-generated content on the More
        The era of AI-generated content has introduced a profound transformation in the realms of creativity, authorship, and intellectual property rights. This study examined two research aspects. Firstly, it explored the impact of AI- English language-generated content on the traditional boundaries of authorship, creativity, and intellectual property rights. Secondly, it investigated the ethical and legal challenges associated with AI's influence on TEFL content generation and how the academic communities address these concerns. The research team employed a mixed-methods approach. Twenty-Eight individuals, organizations, and professionals made up the target population of the current study. The researchers interviewed experts in the fields of AI, law, and English language material development. The researchers analyzed real-world cases of AI-TEFL generated content usage, particularly within academic settings. The findings revealed that AI-generated content challenges conventional notions of authorship and creativity by introducing autonomous AI creators while also augmenting human creativity. The ambiguous landscape of intellectual property rights necessitates adaptive legal frameworks. While AI challenges established norms, it also offers opportunities for collaboration and inspiration. To address these issues, collaborative frameworks, ethical guidelines, and transparency were proposed as integral solutions. Respondents emphasize collaborative efforts to address the ethical and legal concerns associated with AI's influence on content generation within the academic communities. The implications extend to various sectors, including academia, creative industries, and legal systems. This study underscores the pressing need for a delicate balance between AI's creative potential and the preservation of ethical and legal standards in the evolving landscape of content creation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        183 - Content analysis of business and technology, Social studies, Persian and Quran sixth grade books based on WiLiam Romey technique
        marzieh dehghani
        Textbook is the most important sources for learning, particularly in centralized educational systems. Therefore, in this study, content analysis method is used to determine problem centered and active involvement of learners in newly compilation Persian, social studies, More
        Textbook is the most important sources for learning, particularly in centralized educational systems. Therefore, in this study, content analysis method is used to determine problem centered and active involvement of learners in newly compilation Persian, social studies, Quran, and business and technology sixth grade books, year 1391 based on William Romey techniques. According to this analysis, three components of student involvement in "text", "questions" and "image" of the book is considered. In the analysis of text, questions and images of social studies book, 978, 139 and 215 units were studied and rate of student involvement with text, questions and images are calculated 0.03, 0.6 and 0.07. Results showed that only questions are in the technique determined range from 0.4 to 1.5 and this explains activeness of questions. In the Quran book, the analysis of text, questions and images, 610, 404 and 41 units were studied and rate of student involvement with text, questions and images were calculated 0.03, 2.72 and 0.1. Only questions were in the specified Romey range. In text, questions and images analysis in the Persian book 850,108 and 44 units were studied and rate of student involvement with text, questions and images were calculated 0.03, 2.72 and 0.1. Only questions were in the specified Romey range. In the analysis of text, questions and images of business and technology book, 677, 132 and 183 units were studied and rate of student involvement with text, questions and images were calculated 0.9, 2.3 and 1.2 and all three items were in Romey range. Rate of learner&rsquo;s involvement with question s in all four books showed over limit involvement, in other words questions in all book contents were active.&nbsp; Content analysis of texts and images in Persian, social studies and Quran books showed that these books images and texts were adjusted inactively. Content analysis of business and technology book show activeness in test, question and image. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        184 - Investigate content knowledge and pedagogy content knowledge of the primary school teachers and its relation with the students’ problem-solving ability at mathematical fractions
        Abolfazl Rafiepour Farhad Kazemi Mohamadreza Fadaee
        10.30486/jsre.2019.546264
        The purpose of this study is to investigate content knowledge(CK) and pedagogy content knowledge(PCK) of the primary school teachers and its relation with the students&rsquo; problem-solving ability at mathematical fractions. Therefore, 256 teachers of the fifth and six More
        The purpose of this study is to investigate content knowledge(CK) and pedagogy content knowledge(PCK) of the primary school teachers and its relation with the students&rsquo; problem-solving ability at mathematical fractions. Therefore, 256 teachers of the fifth and sixth grade were selected randomly, and measuring scale of CK and PCK was administered on them. Also, measuring scale of the ability of solving fraction problems was administered on 5179 students of the same teachers. The result shows that; 1) The primary school teachers lack right and adequate CK and PCK at mathematical fractions; 2) Students&rsquo; ability at solving fraction problems was poor especially on conceptual problems; 3) There is positive and significant relationship between CK and PCK with students&rsquo; problem solving ability at fractions. Mean structural analysis between male and female teacher's shows although the mean of CK and PCK of the male teachers is higher than that of female teachers, there is no significant difference between them. It was proved that there is positive and significant relationship between CK and PCK with instructional experiences and academic degrees of the teachers. The result of this study emphasizes special attention to reviewing and revising pre-service and in-service training of the teachers. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        185 - a content analysis of social Science Textbooks of 4th, 5th, 6th grades within the items of multicultural education
        akram Eini Hamid yazdani Alireza Sadeghi
        10.30486/jsre.2018.543735
        The Aim of This study was to analysis the content of social science textbooks of 4th, 5th, 6th grades&nbsp;on items of multicultural education&nbsp;in the Field of education.&nbsp;The study population comprised of&nbsp;social science textbooks&nbsp;of 4th, 5th, 6th grad More
        The Aim of This study was to analysis the content of social science textbooks of 4th, 5th, 6th grades&nbsp;on items of multicultural education&nbsp;in the Field of education.&nbsp;The study population comprised of&nbsp;social science textbooks&nbsp;of 4th, 5th, 6th grades&nbsp;so the sample is equal to the population.&nbsp;In this research a mixed method has been used and both&nbsp;qualitative and quantitative content analyses have been applied. In qualitative content analysis identify the theoretical aspects of multicultural education from gender, disability, ethnicity, culture, social justice and peace were examined. In&nbsp;quantitative&nbsp;content analysis five mainthemes, namely gender, ethnicity, disability, universal values and culture and its&nbsp;sub-themes in these&nbsp;textbooks were reviewed&nbsp;and related themes in social science textbooks were identified.&nbsp;This study satisfies the reliability conditions of Hall and Houten.&nbsp;This research had multiple results.One of the results of the analysis showed that people with disabilities and people from different ethnicity have been represented&nbsp;insufficiently in Social Science textbooks.&nbsp;And very little attention to multicultural values are reported. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        186 - Evaluation of curriculum content of educational sciences in education major of pre-school and primary school
        hossein kareshki hossein جعفری ثانی فاطمه ارفع بلوچی
        The purpose of this study was evaluating the content of curriculum for education science major education of pre-school and primary school. The present study was done with the survey descriptive method. The population was from the third and the fourth year students of ed More
        The purpose of this study was evaluating the content of curriculum for education science major education of pre-school and primary school. The present study was done with the survey descriptive method. The population was from the third and the fourth year students of educational science oriented pre-school and school education, administrators and coaches of kindergartens, and teachers of primary schools in seven districts of Mashhad. The research sample was included 83 subjects consisted 53 cases of education practitioners, primary school teachers and 30 subjects of the third and the fourth year students of educational sciences major pre-school and primary education. In order to evaluate the content of curriculum, to evaluate of instructor’s teaching method, to evaluate the appropriateness of providing content by instructors with the program content, provided offers and reforms used by reliable researcher-made questionnaires. In order to analyze the collected data, it was used descriptive indexes, ANOVA and non-parametric Chi-square test. The finding showed that the participation to evaluate quality of course curriculum content in intermediate level. The Results showed that kindergarten teachers compared with elementary school teachers and students to have a better attitude about the content of the curriculum. The results of the chi-square test showed that the studied groups except in four cases of proposed reforms. Other cases have had no disagreements with together. Furthermore, the results showed that from the perspective of the students, the teaching quality of the instructor (F (1, 27) = 0.14, p > 0.05) and quality of presenting specialized content by the instructor in evaluation of presenting content in the curriculum field had no effect (F (1, 24) = 0.075, p > 0.05). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        187 - Study the effectiveness of the curriculum content of Bachelor and Master Degree courses on community their job needs (Case Study: Applied Physics syllabus content)
        Ashrafoalsadat Shekarbaghani
        10.30486/jsre.2018.539727
        The purpose of recent article was to consider the consequences of the effectiveness of the curriculum content of bachelor and master degree of Applied Physics on one of the most important needs of society, such as Graduates unemployment of these courses. This study exam More
        The purpose of recent article was to consider the consequences of the effectiveness of the curriculum content of bachelor and master degree of Applied Physics on one of the most important needs of society, such as Graduates unemployment of these courses. This study examines the relationship between the scientific and practical experiences of these graduates who have received university curriculum in the universities of the country and has addressed the needs of the community. The research method is descriptive survey. The statistical population of the study consisted of all graduates of these courses from universities around the country in the academic year of 2012-2013. They were selected by random sampling of 50 people. The instrument used in the research was a structured interview and a standard job satisfaction questionnaire, which was performed on the sample. Using descriptive statistics, the results of the interview and the questionnaire were examined. Research findings show that the content of these courses cannot meet the needs of the community and need to be reviewed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        188 - Determination of students' active involvement with the newly published books of science and math: focusing on the sixth grade books
        marzieh dehghani Hamideh Pakmehr
        This study seeks to determine the level of students&rsquo; active involvement with the sixth grade science and math books. The method is content analysis based on Wiliam Romey technique and according to student involvement in three components as "text", "questions" and More
        This study seeks to determine the level of students&rsquo; active involvement with the sixth grade science and math books. The method is content analysis based on Wiliam Romey technique and according to student involvement in three components as "text", "questions" and "image".&nbsp; The statistical population is consisted of sixth grade science and math books' contents including all texts, questions and images that are contently analyzed based on Wiliam Romey technique. In the analysis of text, questions and images of science book, 320, 100 and 140 units have been studied and rate of students' involvement with text, questions and images are calculated as 0.84, 9 and 0.19, respectively. 182, 862 and 97 units of math book have been studied, too; Students' involvement with text, questions and images are estimated as 0.85, 13.26 and 0.30, respectively. The results show that text of math and science books are actively developed; however, their images are inactive and their questions are over active which would cause students&rsquo; fatigue and lack of motion. Since the contents of these two books in the case of questions and images are not successful enough to encourage students to think and analyze well, better design and development seem so essential. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        189 - Place of components of cultural identity in literature textbooks ( the content analysis)
        sadegh panahitavana yahya marofi
        The general purpose of this research was to analyze the contents of the literature textbooks in high schools in order to determine the place of the cultural identity components in the textbooks contents. The research method was qualitative and on the basis of the conten More
        The general purpose of this research was to analyze the contents of the literature textbooks in high schools in order to determine the place of the cultural identity components in the textbooks contents. The research method was qualitative and on the basis of the contents analysis. The statistical population of the research was high school 9 literature text books that were edited by the planning office and the department of Education. In the recent research, sampling wasn&rsquo;t done and the statistical population was the research sampling. To collect data the check list of the evaluation of the cultural nature components that the content validity for determining was given to some experts and was confirmed by doing reforms was used. To determine the instrument reliability and consistency between the evaluators&rsquo; perspectives in relation to subjects, the judgments&rsquo; agreement coefficient was used on the basis of Kuder-Richardson. The internal reliability coefficient or the agreement coefficient, rtt= 0.97, was determined that showed coordination between judgments about the subject system. The descriptive statistical indicators such as frequency, percentage, mean, and diagram were used to analyze the questions. The research methods showed the emphasis amount on all the cultural identity components in high school was not equal and on the basis of the results of the contents analysis, the most emphasis amount was on the components of the literacy elites and Iranian masterpieces and names and the less emphasis amount was on the components of sub- culture and the national and religious glories, and historical components and myths were in the middle place while literary elites allocated 0.47 and sub- cultured components allocate less than 0.1 of this emphasis to itself. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        190 - The study of the view point of the experimental science and social teaching teachers- executors of the training plan based on educational approach- toward the context of the teacher’s workbook
        masoumeh samadi
        The purpose of this research was to study the view point of the experimental science and social teaching teachers- executors of the training plan based on educational approach- toward the context of the teacher&rsquo;s workbook. The method being used in this paper is of More
        The purpose of this research was to study the view point of the experimental science and social teaching teachers- executors of the training plan based on educational approach- toward the context of the teacher&rsquo;s workbook. The method being used in this paper is of the descriptive one focusing on the content. The statistical populations consist of the experimental science and social teaching teachers- executors of the training method based on educational approach- of second grad high school, from the provinces of Sistan Balochestan and Tehran. In this paper, sampling is not implemented and all the teachers&rsquo; viewpoints (n=82) are considered about the content of the teacher&rsquo;s book. Data collecting tools are the research-made questioners which their validity are confirmed by the content validity and the experts of the field. Its reliability, also, is verified agreements of evaluators. It is indicated by the result that these teachers have a lot in common in improving the teaching quality, increasing the group activities, ,integrating the content with religious beliefs and magnifying educational point. Having clear objectives in logical order, considering the content of the books, improving the national attitude, interrogating the content with national teaching, improving the specialty of the teachers, and enhancing positive interaction between teachers and students are what they are not fully agreed about. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        191 - Analyze the content the fourth and fifth of sciences book based on educational goals of Merrill
        hossein ostadhasanloo zoleykha faraji khiyavi roghaye shokrollahi
        This descriptive and analytical research aimed to analyze the content of 4th and 5th grades elementary science books based on Merrill instructional objectives. To do so, the 4th and 5th grades elementary textbooks of natural sciences as well as the teacher&rsquo;s manua More
        This descriptive and analytical research aimed to analyze the content of 4th and 5th grades elementary science books based on Merrill instructional objectives. To do so, the 4th and 5th grades elementary textbooks of natural sciences as well as the teacher&rsquo;s manuals were analyzed the statistical sample and the statistical population_ science textbooks of 4th and 5th grades_ were the same. The most important conclusions of analysis are as follow: a) Considering problem solving and procedure aspects of functional sciences in books, some attention is given to functional sciences. b) Access to innovation and discovery procedure should be emphasized more than other functions for the creation of problem solving capacity in students. c) There are some problems regarding design, for the correction of which some suggestions have been proposed to the authors of natural science books at the end of the survey. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        192 - Analyzing the Status of Citizenship Education Components in Social Science Curriculum Content of Secondary School
        mohammad jamali tazehkand mohsen talebzadeh nobarian mahmoud abolghasemi
        The present study was conducted with the aim of checking the amount of considering the citizenship education components presented in the social science textbooks of the secondary school. Since there was no specific course for citizenship training in Iranian education sy More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of checking the amount of considering the citizenship education components presented in the social science textbooks of the secondary school. Since there was no specific course for citizenship training in Iranian education system, social science textbooks of the secondary school were analyzed. Citizenship education components were categorized into three sections including knowledge, skills and attitudes. The research samples were consisted of all social science textbooks at the secondary school level in the academic year of 2009-2010. Shannon entropy method was used for content analysis. The units of analysis were text, questions, exercises and pictures. The results of research demonstrated that from the total of 3194 counted units, 248 units were allocated to knowledge of citizenship, 99 units were allocated to citizenship skills and 103 units were allocated to citizenship attitudes. It should be taken into consideration that all of the components of the research categories were not equally attended and textbooks did not address citizenship categories in a proportionate manner too. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        193 - Factors affecting to increase the educational quality of postgraduate Azad University courses Faculty of Educational Sciences (Roodehen branch case study)
        Hassan Shahraki Pour
        Considering the importance of education and its decisive role in promoting the University quality level,This study aimed to identify factors affecting to increase the educational quality of postgraduate Azad University courses in Roodehen branch, Faculty of Educational More
        Considering the importance of education and its decisive role in promoting the University quality level,This study aimed to identify factors affecting to increase the educational quality of postgraduate Azad University courses in Roodehen branch, Faculty of Educational Sciences. This research was a descriptive survey approach. The study population consisted of all graduate students in the Faculty of Educational Sciences, Roudehen branch, Azad University, with the total of 255 students in 2010-2011.The statistical sample was 152 subjects, determined based on the Morgan table. Questionnaire was developed to collect data. The questionnaire included 27 Likert scale was at option 5 Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient using 0.78, respectively. Questionnaire and research data have been analyzed and described in two descriptions&rsquo; levels by the use of central field, criteria, the variety distribution table, and also in analytic statistic variants. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used in SPSS software. Results of analysis of the data showed factors such as equipping the classrooms with modern technology, doing researches, changing the educational content, teaching of the faculty and their professional development. It is obvious that the identification of these factors alone are not enough and should be noted to their organizing due to the diagnosis of their condition in the quality of postgraduate education. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        194 - Contently analyzing the social skills in the social training book in first grade of junior high school
        اسماعیل قاسمی سجاد مجیدی پرست
        The aims of education are not fulfilled unless educational programs and supplementary materials are taken, well, into consideration. It is, therefore, the textbook the most important reference in educational system. This article is to contantly analyze the social skills More
        The aims of education are not fulfilled unless educational programs and supplementary materials are taken, well, into consideration. It is, therefore, the textbook the most important reference in educational system. This article is to contantly analyze the social skills in social training book of first grade of junior high school. This book, consisted of four chapters and 78 pages, has been studied based on paragraph unit analysis. Four social skills as communication, assertiveness, autonomy, and coping were selected and content analysis method was used to evaluate these skills. The findings represent that the social skills of self-management, with 21 paragraph and 12.06 percent, has the largest frequency, showing the high concern of the writers to such an issue. Other social skills a consultation and communication are the next two skills being highly noticed (8.04 percent). Also, there is not any paragraph related to the social skill of saying &lsquo;No&rsquo;. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        195 - A Study of the Readability of Hedyehaye Asemani
        عباس شکاری زکیه نجاریان
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the readability of textbooks for grades four and five in primary schools _Hedyehaye Asemani_ in Iran to see how appropriate they are for the intended grades. The study used a content analysis approach using the indicat More
        The purpose of the present study was to investigate the readability of textbooks for grades four and five in primary schools _Hedyehaye Asemani_ in Iran to see how appropriate they are for the intended grades. The study used a content analysis approach using the indicators defined by Gunning. The textbook for grade four includes 23 lessons in 80 pages whereas the textbook for Grade Five includes 23 lessons in 103 pages. Our analysis shows that the readability of the books vary significantly in different parts and are well above the levels of the students in both grades. The analyses indicate the books are not at appropriate readability levels for the grades. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        196 - University challenges in compiling of the suitable content with competencies of lifelong learner
        sedighe karimi Ahmad Reza Nasr Mostafa Sharif
        The present research was to identity university&#39;s challenges on the selecting and organizing the content according to the lifelong learning principles. In this mix method research, the perspectives of 24 public universities principals that were selected by the purpo More
        The present research was to identity university&#39;s challenges on the selecting and organizing the content according to the lifelong learning principles. In this mix method research, the perspectives of 24 public universities principals that were selected by the purposeful sampling method from the chain kind were collected by the quasi- organized interview and the method of analysis content. In the quantitave part, the perspectives of 153 faculty members of these universities that were selected by the method of the stratified random sampling were considered by a research- made questionnaire. Its content validity was confirmed bu experts and its reliability was estimated 0.96 by Cronbach&#39;s alpha. The data was analyzed by the descriptive and inference statistics methods and the software of SPSS17. The results showed the university challenges in selecting and organizing of content are: un-applied lesseons, lack of knowing the research method in the educational major, less emphasis on the general ability and lack of the notice on the quality of the college student research activity. There is not a meaningful difference (p&gt;0.05) between the perspectives of the faculty members on the basis variables of the sex, the kind of university, academic rank and education. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        197 - Comparison of the amount attention to Mahdism concepts through Islamic education textbook of education system
        Reza JafariHarandi Alinaghi faghihi hassan najafi
        The aim of the current study was to comparative evaluation of the amount attention to Mahdism concepts through Islamic education textbook of education system in Iran in the curriculum field. These subjects included the individual characteristics of Imam, the era before More
        The aim of the current study was to comparative evaluation of the amount attention to Mahdism concepts through Islamic education textbook of education system in Iran in the curriculum field. These subjects included the individual characteristics of Imam, the era before the appearance (the occultation era of Imam Mahdi), the reappearance era and post-reappearance era (the reign era).&nbsp; In this research, descriptive method has been used in the type of content analysis, with applied approach. The statistical population of the research was all the textbooks of the Islamic education which has published in education system in three educational periods (elementary, and the first and second levels of pre-high school) from 1951 to 2008. In the sample, there were 90 textbooks of the Islamic education which were selected by using the random sampling method which was avalible.The measurement tool was a researcher-made checklist of content analysis. The research results were analyzed by using the indicators of the descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (independent T-test), and SPSS, version 20. The most common results of this research showed that there is a meaningful difference between the components related to Mahdismin in two periodsof time, before Islamic republic revolution (19.36) and after the Islamic republic revolution(26.64) in the level of p &lt;0.05. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        198 - Learning English through new media with Iranian-Islamic content development
        Mohsen Jannejad Saeed Khazaie Habib Ahmadi Hossein Darjani
        This study aimed at teaching English through the medium of mobile technology to Iranian students as non-English speakers to see if instruction thru new modes of delivery has any significant effect on their ability in the propagation of Persian-Islamic contents among nat More
        This study aimed at teaching English through the medium of mobile technology to Iranian students as non-English speakers to see if instruction thru new modes of delivery has any significant effect on their ability in the propagation of Persian-Islamic contents among nations. To that end, 280 male and female Persian, Turkish, and Arab learners between the ages of 14-16with an elementary level of proficiency and from a middle socio-economic background with the available sampling method were selected. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that attitude of internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was used for 93/0 reliability showed good reliability. Validity of the of the attitude construct validity was used Also, inspired by the perspectives of present and past Iranian philosophers and researchers. This study aim was practical and analysis level was Descriptive - inferential. Results unveiled that there were significant differences in how female and male learners applied literal translation, qualitative and quantitative aspects of the content, and repetition in the cultural genre of the learners' L2 (English) conversations; namely, the frequency percentile of the proper application of such cases among female Turkish-speaking learners was significantly higher. The result of this study could have implications for subsequent studies to enhance the relationship among members of Islamic nations thru teaching English forms of Persian-Islamic instructions in mobile-enhanced environments. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        199 - The relationship between the text and the image in the second and the sixth grades of elementary science textbooks in Iran
        mohammad nourian sedighehsalem salem
        Illustrated textbooks have a highly significant influence on providing new prospects for students. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the relationship between the text and the image in elementary school science textbook in Iran. Communicative and descriptive con More
        Illustrated textbooks have a highly significant influence on providing new prospects for students. Thus, this study was conducted to identify the relationship between the text and the image in elementary school science textbook in Iran. Communicative and descriptive content analysis was used in this study. The second and the sixth grade science textbooks were selected as the statistical population. In descriptive content analysis, written part of the textbooks were analyzed based on Merils model, believing on four main elements of any textbook as facts, concepts, procedures ,and principles . In communicative content analysis, the relationship between the text and the image was examined based on the researcher- made model.The results showed that, "Concepts" in the second grade science textbook and "principles" in the sixth grade science textbook had the highest attendance. Moreover, 59.5% of the total written part of science textbook of the second grade, and 56.6% of the total written part of science textbook of the sixth grade had been covered by illustrations.More detailed illustrations than text, in both books, had been utilized. Furthermore, in both books, most of the images were illustrated allegorically. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        200 - The content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman inquiry model
        Razieh Karimi Mohsen khademi
        The purpose of this research was the content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman's inquiry model. The method of this research was content analysis and the statistical population were the exercises of 7th grade science textbook (activity, More
        The purpose of this research was the content analysis of 7th grade science textbook's exercises based on Suchman's inquiry model. The method of this research was content analysis and the statistical population were the exercises of 7th grade science textbook (activity, discussion, collecting information, testing yourself, thinking, experiment). Exercise was the unit of analysis and the criteria were phases of inquiry model. The result showed that among 156 exercises only 49 exercises (31%) were based on inquiry model; among the six exercises, experiment with the frequency of 24(48/97%) and testing yourself with no frequency had the most and the least frequency. Other result showed that among those 49 exercises, gathering data with frequency of 17(34/69%) had the most frequency; collecting information with frequency of 2(4/08%) and hypothesizing with frequency of 5(10/20%) had the least frequency. Totally, the result shows that the book hasn't regarded inquiry model very much so it's necessary to pay more attention to "inquiry model" and preparing students for real life. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        201 - The Experts' attitudes toward the principal components of Hedyehaye Aseman textbook (divine gifts) of 2nd grade of elementary school
        masoumeh samadi
        The aim of the research was to study about the experts&#39; viewpoints about the major components ( as object, title, pictures, and text ) of&nbsp; Hedyehaye Asemani textbook of grades 2 of elementary school.&nbsp; The used method was evaluation type. The population was More
        The aim of the research was to study about the experts&#39; viewpoints about the major components ( as object, title, pictures, and text ) of&nbsp; Hedyehaye Asemani textbook of grades 2 of elementary school.&nbsp; The used method was evaluation type. The population was consisted of 46 teaching experts who were selected purposefully.&nbsp; The applied instrument was context verifying checklist which was designed according to curriculum, painting, and Islamic educational criteria. Specialized purposes, titles, pictures, and contents included the units of analysis .the validity of the instrument was determined through content validity and confirmation of some specialists of the field and its reliability was verified by cronbach&#39; alpha. Quantitative data were analyzed with calculating mean and by means of SPSS software and qualitative data were analyzed through analytical method.&nbsp; The findings showed that the very experts evaluated specialized goals and titles of lessons suitable; whereas, they assessed the context as normal and suitable. Concerning the pictures, there was no consensus among the experts about drawing the pictures of infallible Imams. There were also disagreements between them about direct teaching, mismatch with mental development of students, and lack of opportunity for thinking. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        202 - Validation methods to measure textbooks readability
        mohammad ebrahim ghaderi moghaddam mehdi sobhani nejad
        The purpose of this study is to strengthen the applied literature and present the objective computational sample of measure textbooks readability. This article is more than introducing existing methods. Measuring textbooks readability of the fourth and fifth grade of el More
        The purpose of this study is to strengthen the applied literature and present the objective computational sample of measure textbooks readability. This article is more than introducing existing methods. Measuring textbooks readability of the fourth and fifth grade of elementary schools reading books have been done by using the international prevalent computing methods of readability like: Flesch, Fry, Gunning, McLaughlin, Flesch&ndash;Kincaid, Powers-Sumner-Kearl to compare the results of these different methods then the validity of them was done. It is an analytical research in the type of evaluation. The findings showed that results of Flesch and Fry methods were similar and in both methods evaluated books were in accordance with their grades of elementary schools. The results of Gunning and McLaughlin methods in both grades of elementary schools were similar and they determined that &ldquo;Reading Book&rdquo; of the fourth grade is suitable for the first grade of the junior school and &ldquo;Reading Book&rdquo; of the fifth grade is suitable for the third grade of the junior school. The Powers-Sumner-Kearl and Flesch&ndash;Kincaid methods had less resolution as Powers-Sumner-Kearl method showed that both books in the fourth and fifth grades are appropriate for the second grade of junior school and the Flesch&ndash;Kincaid method illustrated that they are both appropriate for the first grade of high school. Therefore the Flesch and Fry methods have been the most coordinate with the current educational &ldquo;Reading books&rdquo; in the fourth and fifth grades of elementary school. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        203 - The level of focus on religiousness and its interpersonal components in elementary school text books contents
        سالار فرامرزی یاسمین عابدینی
        In the recent decades, the researchers and scholars in the field of psychology and educational sciences have shown more interest in religiousness and the teachings thereof. The level of focus on religiousness in the elementary school text books&rsquo; contents with resp More
        In the recent decades, the researchers and scholars in the field of psychology and educational sciences have shown more interest in religiousness and the teachings thereof. The level of focus on religiousness in the elementary school text books&rsquo; contents with respect to interpersonal religious skills was evaluated through content analysis. Using overall sampling, all the elementary school text books, consisting of 35 volumes in eight topics were selected and evaluated. The data collection instrument was a categorizing system and coding of variables and subordinate variables in the form of an inspecting list, which was developed for this study. The results revealed that the difference in terms of the level of focus on religiousness, cooperation, amity with kindred generosity and forgiveness variable parameters in the text books of different grades were numerically significant. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics and linear quadratic or x2 were used. The most focused variable parameter in the elementary school books&rsquo; contents was religiousness and the least focused was amity with kindred. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the emphasis on introducing the religious principles and the derivatives thereof in an attempt to promote intra-personal religious attitudes and spiritual growth in students is prioritized as primary and developing the inter-personal religious skills as the secondary. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        204 - Contently analyzing the experimental science textbooks of primary schools: Based on the types of lesson questions
        Atieh Sadat hosseini yazdi mina Ahmadian
        This study was conducted to contently analyze the experimental science textbooks of primary schools, based on the various types of questions. The study benefits from the descriptive method in identifying the types of questions and, also, content analysis method to inves More
        This study was conducted to contently analyze the experimental science textbooks of primary schools, based on the various types of questions. The study benefits from the descriptive method in identifying the types of questions and, also, content analysis method to investigate how the questions are used in the books. To do so, the question type sentences were the units of analysis. Because of the limited number of the statistical population, elementary science text books, no sampling method was applied. To collect the data, content analysis was used, whose validity was confirmed by the experts of the educational science. Its reliability, also, was calculated by William Scott&rsquo;s formula as %81. Based on the findings, it is concluded that in the textbook of the first grade of elementary school, the concave and individual-oriented questions were of the highest frequency and the result-oriented questions were of the lowest amount. In the textbook of the second level, also, concave and background questions were highly frequent whereas, the result-oriented questions were the lowest. Taking the questions of the textbooks of the third and fourth level into consideration, the analysis presented the superiority of the concave and practical questions over the questions with result-orientation, possessing the least amount. Finally within the scope of the textbook at level five, the concave questions and those with subject orientation showed the highest frequency, and the result-oriented along with the predictive ones were found to be the least. The result of the Chi-square test, also, showed that there exists a significant relationship between the observed values and the expected ones in all experimental science textbooks in primary school. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        205 - What is all this fuss about teaching models?
        masoud asadi asghar shiralipur mohammad reza behrangi
        The purpose of present research was to investigate the differences in education, nurturing and storage time of the memory contents in the two methods of traditional teaching and combined model.The research procedure was quasi-experimental design. The studied community w More
        The purpose of present research was to investigate the differences in education, nurturing and storage time of the memory contents in the two methods of traditional teaching and combined model.The research procedure was quasi-experimental design. The studied community was included all male students in Marand city. All of them were the 5th grade students who were enrolled in the 2009-2010 academic year. The sample group was consisted of 36 male students that were selected via disposal sampling and allocated into experimental and control groups. Measurement tools was the researcher-made questionnaire. Result analysis of covariance and effect size revealed that there was no significant difference between the traditional teaching and combination models in terms of education, but there was a significant difference between traditional teaching and combination models in terms of nurturing and storage time of the memory contents. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        206 - The effects of students' attitudes toward the teacher skills and the content of the textbooks in their learning rate
        nowruz hadadnia abas anari nejad vahid fallah sirus hadadnia
        This study was a prospective, quasi-experimental research. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of students' attitudes toward the teacher skills and towards the content of the textbook in their learning rate .This study was consisted of three para More
        This study was a prospective, quasi-experimental research. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of students' attitudes toward the teacher skills and towards the content of the textbook in their learning rate .This study was consisted of three parallel experiments. They were selected from the population of 4,200 students, randomly from a school with 250 students. They were randomly selected 120 students aged from 12 to 16 years. The sample size was determined by using the Morgan Cochran formula. The students were randomly divided into six groups of 20 subjects. Initially, the students were pre-tested. Both groups were taught the same content in the same room. The procedure was recorded by video. They were taken immediately after the test. The questions, which have written by using a two-dimensional table, were used to determine the credibility of the expert. In order to determine the reliability, validity and reliability, the split-half method of reliability was used. The pre-test and post-test scores were studied. The t-test was used in each experiment to compare the mean scores of the experimental and control groups. Differences were significant. Attitudes of the students and teachers to teach the content, the learning was effective. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        207 - The status of problem-solving process in the contents of elementary sciences textbooks' exercises
        Behrooz mahram Ali Baraee Hossein Kareshki
        The previous studies indicated the influence of problem- based learning to increases intrinsic motivation for learning, meaningful and sustainable learning. This study was conducted with the aim of focusing on the problem- solving process in the content of elementary sc More
        The previous studies indicated the influence of problem- based learning to increases intrinsic motivation for learning, meaningful and sustainable learning. This study was conducted with the aim of focusing on the problem- solving process in the content of elementary sciences textbooks' exercises. In this study, the exercise has been the unit of analysis and deductive approach used in the coding process. Coding categories were determined by using the Dewey's six stages of problem solving. The study area was consisted of all content of elementary sciences textbooks' exercises. The population was studied by using census. The Findings from content analysis of the first to five textbooks of the elementary school showed that the solution (fourth stage of the problem solving process) has more consideration unlike the stages of "dealing with problem", "change location" and  "the building of problem". Moreover, the results of this study stated that the sciences textbook of the third elementary school had more emphasis to the stages of problem- solving unlike the science textbook of the first elementary school. Among the points emphasized in this study, it could be noted to problem-based approach in the elementary school science textbooks and increasing the vertical relationship in elementary school science textbooks for facing the students with problem solving. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        208 - Content analysis of biology book in second grade of high school based on Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences
        مریم یوسفی قصابسرایی کامیان خزایی
        This is a content analysis of biology book in second grade of high school based on Gardner&rsquo;s multiple intelligences. Different units of biology book in second grade was evaluated to explore how muchvariables of Gardner&rsquo;s multiple intelligences formed content More
        This is a content analysis of biology book in second grade of high school based on Gardner&rsquo;s multiple intelligences. Different units of biology book in second grade was evaluated to explore how muchvariables of Gardner&rsquo;s multiple intelligences formed content of this book. Each sentence was considered as analysis unit. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and chi square test. Findings showed that more attention has been paid to logical-mathematical intelligence. Most content of book has been presented by text and there was not balanced volume in different chapters of book. Some chaptershave more volume and others were meaningfully brief. In addition, multiple intelligences variables has not beenusedequally in different parts (i.e. text, self-assessment, learn more, figures). Moreover, intelligence variables were not used equally in different chapters and the entire book. Based on findings, biology book of second grade of high school is more focused on logical-mathematical intelligence and there is less or lack of attention to the other aspects of intelligence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        209 - Content Analysis of Mathematics Textbook of Secondary School First Grade Based on William Rummy’s Technique and Bloom’s Cognitive Domain
        زهره کرمی پژمان اسد بیگی مهدی کرمی
        The aim of the present study was analyzing the text content and images of mathematics textbook of secondary school first-grade, 2011 edition, based on William Rummy&rsquo;s technique and analysis of in-class exercises, activities and problems in lessons based on Bloom&r More
        The aim of the present study was analyzing the text content and images of mathematics textbook of secondary school first-grade, 2011 edition, based on William Rummy&rsquo;s technique and analysis of in-class exercises, activities and problems in lessons based on Bloom&rsquo;s taxonomy of cognitive domain. The used methodology in this study was content analysis. The research population was mathematics textbook, 2011 edition of secondary school first-grade. The findings revealed that text engagement rate was 0.53, which indicated that this textbook was written in an active manner. The engagement rate of images was 1.2 and this showed that the pictures of the textbook involved the students in learning. In activity-based index-analysis of the textbook, the engagement rate of 0.75 indicated that it was activity-based. In the performed analysis based on Bloom&rsquo;s taxonomy of cognitive domain, it was revealed that 81 percent of the exercises, activities and problems in the textbook are at comprehension level. This analysis showed that the number of exercises, activities and problems at higher levels of cognitive domain in this textbook are very few. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        210 - Contently analyzing the primary- school textbooks: regarding the components of financial and economical literacy
        leila Alizadeh Katanlouei Gholamali Ahmadi Seyyed Mohamadreza Emam jomae
        The aim of this very study is investigating the components of financial and economic literacy in the contents of the primary-school textbooks in Iran. The research method is of the content analysis type and the research population is the primary- school textbooks of the More
        The aim of this very study is investigating the components of financial and economic literacy in the contents of the primary-school textbooks in Iran. The research method is of the content analysis type and the research population is the primary- school textbooks of the academic year 1391-1392. The sample size includes all the contents of the mathematic books (grade 1 to 6), social studies books (grade 6), and social teaching books (grade 3) as well as the civil parts of the social teaching books (grade 4&amp; 5). In order to gather the required data, encoded content analysis forms with focus on the four fundamental components of financial literacy and four fundamental components of economical literacy are used. The face and content validity of the instruments have been verified by the experts of the field. Based on Holsti&#39;s method, the reliability of the instrument is also estimated as 95% for economic literacy and 93% for financial literacy. The results reveals that the components of economic and financial literacy are differently paid attention in these textbooks; in that, the economic literacy components are considered more than financial literacy components. According to results of this study and the prominent role of the financial and economical literacy in these days, more emphasis on financial and economic components in the contents of the primary school textbooks is required. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        211 - Analysis of Educational ideas of Farabi, the Founder of Islamic Philosophy
        Marzieh Eslamian Narges Keshti aray Sayed Hashem Golestani
        Education has always been one of the greatest philosophical issues ever discussed. Among the great philosophers of education, there are ones who have comprehensively considered impression, objectives, principles, methods and the necessity of this important process. One More
        Education has always been one of the greatest philosophical issues ever discussed. Among the great philosophers of education, there are ones who have comprehensively considered impression, objectives, principles, methods and the necessity of this important process. One of these great philosophers is Farabi who is named the second teacher and known as the father of Islamic philosophy. This study reviews and compares his educational views and opinions. To achieve this important goal, the research method of qualitative content analysis has been used. Information was collected by using a library method and then was analyzed through applying the inductive categorization system. Results indicate that Farabi considers the purpose of creation to achieve perfection and bliss. Bliss is not possible unless through acquisition of excellences education. Consequently, this great mentor regards the education as an essential core issue and in the process of educating the people. He considers an important role for both the society's and the humankind&rsquo;s will and choice. In addition, Farabi believes that the human's soul and sprit should be directed to cognition of truth and beauty, so they view the ultimate purpose of education in gaining the good idea and knowing the God. In connection with the educational implications, the viewpoint of this teacher is that he believes education goals including physical, chimerical, moral, intellectual and social objectives... From Farabi viewpoint, the course content directs the human towards cognition of God, closeness to God, trust in him, follow his instructions and then leads to cognition of the human himself as the God's creature and caused. On the teaching approach, Farabi focuses on the two persuasive and argumentative methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        212 - Compared to teach primary school children in accordance with Islamic values in the countries of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Azerbaijan
        farhad shorehkandi Majid Aliasgari
        Abstract The general purpose of this research is to compare education of primary students based on Islamic values in countries of both Iran and Azerbaijan. This research is a comparative and content analysis in which the textbooks of these countries in the 4 grades hav More
        Abstract The general purpose of this research is to compare education of primary students based on Islamic values in countries of both Iran and Azerbaijan. This research is a comparative and content analysis in which the textbooks of these countries in the 4 grades have been studied. Besides 400 students and 280 teachers in the case of sample in these two countries have been chosen and compared in the way of clustered random sampling. The tool that has been used to compare teachers and students is questionnaire of researcher made that is acting and awareness of religious precepts. The results of the research show that the number of cases in related to Islamic values in Iranian textbooks is 271 and in text books of Azerbaijan are 34. The results of variance analysis also show that there are significant differences between these students of two countries from the point of awareness and acting to the religious concepts. This result has also been confirmed about teachers. The research results confirmed not only Islamic values in Textbooks&rsquo; Content but also in acting it and awareness of teachers and students in comparison to Azerbaijan country. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        213 - Content Analysis of High School Sociology Textbooks in Terms of Covering Citizenship Education Concepts
        shahla zahabioun alireza yousefy Mohammad Hossein Yarmohammadian Nages Keshtiaray
        The purpose of the recent study was to analyze the text books contents of the social science (first grade), sociology I (second grade), sociology II (Third grade) and social sciences (fourth grade) on the basis of the citizenship education components in 2013-2014. The s More
        The purpose of the recent study was to analyze the text books contents of the social science (first grade), sociology I (second grade), sociology II (Third grade) and social sciences (fourth grade) on the basis of the citizenship education components in 2013-2014. The statistical population included four text books of the high school social science. In regard to the research identification and limitation of the statistical population, sampling was not considered and all statistical population was selected as a sample. The research method was content analysis quantitative. The descriptive criterion was the citizenship components that included values, democracy, and global identification. The tools for collecting data was the analysis list of the text books contents that involved the theoretical bases that its validity was determined by curriculum professors. The analysis findings by using SPSS 19 software and the non-parametric statistical method showed a meaningful difference between the citizenship components in the mentioned books. This amount of attention was more than the expected amount in the social studies and (I) society and less than the expected amount in the social science and (II) society (p˂0.01). Also results showed that there is a significant difference between educational grades in terms of attention amount to the citizenship components. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        214 - Contently analyzing the
        فرشته حاجی زاده ماهانی
        The present study aims to contently analyze the" Life Skills" textbook of the 5th grade of primary schools, based on the principles of curriculum contents selection. It, also, provides corrective strategies expressed by the curriculum planning experts. The descriptive m More
        The present study aims to contently analyze the" Life Skills" textbook of the 5th grade of primary schools, based on the principles of curriculum contents selection. It, also, provides corrective strategies expressed by the curriculum planning experts. The descriptive method is employed and the data have been gathered by means of a researcher-made questionnaire which includes 30 closed- answer questions and 3 opened-answer questions. The questioner along with the book has been given to the curriculum planning experts, who have been chosen based on the random access sampling method. What being shown from the findings is that curriculum planning experts believe that the principles of importance, validity, profitability, learning ability, students' eagerness and attention to the structure of knowledge are highly considered in selecting the contents of the very book while, principle of flexibility has, to some extent, been observed. Inductively analyzing the data by means of one-sample t-test indicates that curriculum planning experts believe that observing the principles of importance, validity, profitability, students' eagerness and attention to the structure of knowledge and learning ability are statically meaningful however, the same cannot be said for the principle of flexibility .once analyzing the opened-answer questions, curriculum planning experts came to these conclusion that: a) nine subjects should be added to the contents of the book, the most important of which is proper relationship. b) Three subjects should be omitted, mainly the subjects about sorrow, sadness and anger. C) Seven other subjects should be more emphasized on, among which problem solving has had the highest frequency. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        215 - Review of Middle Schools’ Textbooks Content in Development of the Culture of Self-sacrifice and Martyrdom
        hassan shahrakipou
        This study has been conducted to examine the content of the textbooks (Farsi literature, Islamic culture, Religious education, Social education and history) of middle schools in development of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in 2011-12. The study methodology More
        This study has been conducted to examine the content of the textbooks (Farsi literature, Islamic culture, Religious education, Social education and history) of middle schools in development of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom in 2011-12. The study methodology is descriptive with a survey approach. The study population was included all of 826 teachers of Nishapur. By using the cr&egrave;che &amp; Morgan table, 262 teachers were selected from a random sampling. The used instrument in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 37 statements made by educational experts and teachers. Its validity and reliability were confirmed and ready to implement by the calculated Cronbach&rsquo;s alpha of 0.957. The obtained results of this study suggested that the content of middle school textbooks by using the T-test are involved within the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom, increasing the students' beliefs, the holy defense, respect for veterans groups (veterans, prisoners of war and the families of martyrs), students understanding of martyrs&rsquo; students characteristics and the propagation of holy defense. Friedman test was used for the subscale ratings. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        216 - The study of epistemological relativism and its role in education
        mohsen tatari hakimeh alsadat sharifzzadhe
        Recently, epistemological relativism has been mentioned in philosophical thinking as an effective thinking movement. It has also been entered in other fields like education, too. The purpose of this research was to study about the role of epistemological relativism in e More
        Recently, epistemological relativism has been mentioned in philosophical thinking as an effective thinking movement. It has also been entered in other fields like education, too. The purpose of this research was to study about the role of epistemological relativism in education. The research questions included: 1- what dose epistemological relativism mean? 2- How dose epistemological relativism affect on the education fundamentals (the purpose of education, learning content and teaching methods)? Based on the epistemological relativism, it was concluded that there was no concrete and understandable standard for rationality and no criterion could distinguish honesty from dishonesty. In the education process, the epistemological relativism is discussed as a constructive view. Therefore, based on the purpose of education more emphasis should be on fostering critical thinking and deep thinking. Also, content of the textbooks should have the capability of being changed or reviewed. The epistemological relativism emphasizes on an indirect or student- centered education. Once applying the found results, it is expected that so many problems in the field of education to be tackled and acceptable educational outcomes to be gained. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        217 - Content analysis of science textbook of the elementary school fifth grade based on Dewey’s problem-solving model
        یونس امیراحمدی شهین ایروانی محمدرضا شرفی
        This research was conducted with the aim of content analysis of science textbook of the elementary school fifth grade based on Dewey&rsquo;s problem-solving model. The general approach of textbook for problem solving process was performed by using William Romei techniqu More
        This research was conducted with the aim of content analysis of science textbook of the elementary school fifth grade based on Dewey&rsquo;s problem-solving model. The general approach of textbook for problem solving process was performed by using William Romei technique, and two checklists were used with 87.5% reliability to investigate stages and necessary skills in lessons. The results showed that stages and skills of problem solving have not been considered sufficiently in the science textbook. Only three out of eleven lessons of the textbook have conformity with problem solving stages in the framework of content presentation and its activities in the field of organizing the content-based problem solving stages of Dewey. Therefore, organizing the content structure of the textbook did not provide the opportunity for teaching in problem solving method. In the field of necessary problem solving skills, have not been uniformly applied in the textbook and the essential skills were categorized in ten different types. They were including observational skills, classification, measurement, tools application, information gathering, hypothesis and prediction, discussion on the results and findings, selection of variables, communication, evaluation and the design of research. Considerable differences were observed in their frequencies and the differences included the frequency spectrum of 0 to 37. Meanwhile, the most attention was paid to the skills of interpretation, inference and conclusion and the least attention was paid to variables of recognition and assessment skills. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        218 - Analyzing the socialization position in the high school social sciences textbooks based on the educational ideas of Motahari
        Seyyed Mohammad Ali Mirjalili Ahmad Ali Foroughi Abari Azar Gholizadeh M.Hosein Yarmohammadian
        This article deals with socialization in high school social sciences' textbooks. We propose an examine use of Motahari educational ideas about socialization in textbooks. Motahari, as an intellectual leader, has an important role in explaining basic concepts of Islamic More
        This article deals with socialization in high school social sciences' textbooks. We propose an examine use of Motahari educational ideas about socialization in textbooks. Motahari, as an intellectual leader, has an important role in explaining basic concepts of Islamic revolution of Iran. Motahari&rsquo;s books and high school social sciences textbooks as statistical society and on census method, were studied based on paragraph unit analysis. We applied a mixed method of content analysis. For discovering components of socialization, we used qualitative method for content analyzing of Motahari&rsquo;s books and find four components: social belonging; social responsibility; dialogue and communication, and critical thinking that extracted from thirteen categories. Then, by using a coding frame based on these components and categories, we use quantitative content analysis to obtain if these used in the social sciences textbooks based on exploratory factor analysis. Results show that there aren&rsquo;t these components in many lessons of textbooks. Some of these results related to the educational aims of these books, because in these textbooks, students introduce with sociology discipline; but some related to weakness of consideration. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        219 - Evaluating the Contents of Persian Language Textbook (1) of the Junior High School from the Viewpoint of the Teachers of Mobarakeh (Isfahan) City
        الهه عقیلی محمد حسین یارمحمدیان زهره سعادتمند
        The purpose of this research was to evaluate the contents of Persian language book (1) of the junior high school from the viewpoint of the teachers of Mobarakeh (Esfahan) city. The statistical population was the same as the sample population, which was totally 64 teache More
        The purpose of this research was to evaluate the contents of Persian language book (1) of the junior high school from the viewpoint of the teachers of Mobarakeh (Esfahan) city. The statistical population was the same as the sample population, which was totally 64 teachers. The research design was a descriptive-correlative survey and the instrument for collecting the data was a researcher-made questionnaire. The specialists substantiated the validity of questionnaire and the reliability of the questionnaire proved to be 0.88 using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient formula. The data was analyzed through descriptive statistics (distribution, percentage, mean, variance, and standard deviation) using the SPSS software. The findings revealed that the designated time for teaching the textbook, doing regular class activities, and doing self-evaluation questions at the end of each lesson was less than the time required compared to the scope of the content. The data also showed that little attention was paid to the pupils' mental competence, pupils' level of reinforcing their self-assessment, pupils' daily needs and requirements, and the vertical sequence of the book content. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        220 - Content Analysis
        محمدتقی محمودی
        This study investigated pictures and content of social sciences textbook' in first, second & third grades of secondary school in the academic year of 1388-89 (2010-2011) in Iran. It aimed to identify present citizenship educational approaches in textbooks which are tran More
        This study investigated pictures and content of social sciences textbook' in first, second & third grades of secondary school in the academic year of 1388-89 (2010-2011) in Iran. It aimed to identify present citizenship educational approaches in textbooks which are transferred to pupils through hidden & formal curriculum. The overall aim of investigating these approaches is to define "good citizen". integrated different views (rule –oriented, participatory & critical citizens) was used for analyzing citizenship educational approaches.. Their characterisitics are as follows: (a) rule- oriented citizen: active, law-obedient, responsible. (b) Participatory citizen: interested in participating in social activities, and cooperating in society development (c) critical citizen: critical of political, economic & social structures, interested in social justice with a motivation for social change. Social sciences textbook were used as tools. description criteria is citizenship education and the unit of registration is paragraph. analysis of textbooks reveals that most content (45/5%) is dedicated to the education of rule–oriented citizens. Then there are participatory (36/06%) and critical citizens (18/44%) respectively.  There is 119 pictures in books, which 65% is in the first year, 53% in second year and 32% in the third year textbook. justice and equality is one of considered issue for educating about critical citizens. Results show that 53 percent of pictures in the first year , 1/8% in second year and 8/7% in the third year have female symbols. Lack of emphasizing techniques for understanding picture message is one of critici Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        221 - The Status of Environmental Ethics in the Contents of Primary School Textbooks of Iran
        طاهره بیات پروین احمدی عبدالله پارسا
        The present study is to examine the status of environmental ethics in the contents of primary school textbooks, Persian (read and write), science, social teachings and gifts of heaven. The study is descriptive with using content analysis technique in order to gathering More
        The present study is to examine the status of environmental ethics in the contents of primary school textbooks, Persian (read and write), science, social teachings and gifts of heaven. The study is descriptive with using content analysis technique in order to gathering information. Concepts related to environmental ethics, according to three domains of cognitive, affective and skill have been studied in the form of text, homework, question and image. Research population was the primary school textbooks including Persian (read and write), science, social teachings and gifts of heaven in 1390-91. Total of concepts related to environmental ethics were in 22 volumes and in 535 units that 36.45 percent was in the form of text, 15.14 percent was in the form of homework, 25.61 percent was in the form of questions and 22.8 percent was in the form of image. Also from the related concepts of environmental ethics, 78 percent was dedicated to the cognitive domain, 13 percent was dedicated to the affective domain, and 9.7 percent was dedicated to the skill domain. Findings show that in there has been more attention to the cognitive purposes (knowledge domain) in primary school textbooks and the skill level had the lowest. Most attention to the environmental ethics has been in primary school science books and the lowest has been in gifts of heaven. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        222 - Explanation of the components of the curriculum based on the educational approaches of Plato and Farabi
        Marzieh Eslamyan Narges Keshtiaray
        Curriculum is one of the youngest domains of human knowledge. Definition of its limits and boundaries has been followed by many ups and downs. One of the basic foundations of curriculum is its philosophical foundations, which is like a guide light in response to the que More
        Curriculum is one of the youngest domains of human knowledge. Definition of its limits and boundaries has been followed by many ups and downs. One of the basic foundations of curriculum is its philosophical foundations, which is like a guide light in response to the questions of ontology, epistemology and axiology. Among the great philosophers of education, there are ones who have comprehensively considered impression, objectives, principles, methods and the necessity of this important process. One of these great philosophers is Plato, the father of West's philosophy, and the other one is Farabi who is called the second teacher, as the father of Islamic philosophy. This study reviewed their educational approaches and opinions to define the components of curriculum. In order to achieve this important goal, the research method of qualitative content analysis has been used. Information collected using a library method and then analyzed through applying the inductive categorization system. The obtained results indicated that both of Farabi and Plato believed in education goals including physical, chimerical, moral, intellectual and social objectives. Plato's lesson contents are as follows: habituate children to play, develop physical strengths, literacy training, military training and teaching philosophy, literary material and dialectics. Farabi focuses on the content that directs the man towards cognition of the God, trust and following up the instructions and then leading to cognition of the man himself as the God's creature. According to Plato, the dialogue approach is the most important teaching method. Farabi focuses on the two persuasive and argumentative methods on teaching approach. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        223 - Declarative and procedural knowledge
        massoud moradi
        The purpose of this study was to contently analyze the training textbooks used in teacher training centers based on declarative and procedural knowledge. This research was of a content analysis type and quantitative content analysis method was used, here. All training c More
        The purpose of this study was to contently analyze the training textbooks used in teacher training centers based on declarative and procedural knowledge. This research was of a content analysis type and quantitative content analysis method was used, here. All training courses used in teacher training centers were chosen as the statistical population. The sample and the population were equal in terms of the number. Data, then, was analyzed by means of descriptive statistics as percentage, frequency, and chi- square. The findings showed that general psychology book has the highest level of declarative knowledge and the least amount of procedural knowledge whereas, mathematics teaching book has the highest level of procedural knowledge and the least amount of declarative knowledge. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        224 - The Effect of designed content based on every Gardner's Multiple Intelligences in interactive gamut on students learning in conservatory school in compound education
        elaheh badiee mehran farajollahi
        This quasi-experimental research was done to consider the effect of electrical educational content based on each interactive gamut intelligences (interpersonal, verbal, and kinesthetic) on learning in compound education. 60 female students of third grade in computer wer More
        This quasi-experimental research was done to consider the effect of electrical educational content based on each interactive gamut intelligences (interpersonal, verbal, and kinesthetic) on learning in compound education. 60 female students of third grade in computer were selected by multi step cluster and were put in 2 experimental and control groups. In order to consider equality between two groups, their pervious term mean and the profiles of students multiple intelligences were measured by Macenzy questionnaire with 80 question. Reliability of these instruments was calculated 0.738 by Cranach alpha. Two groups were educated in compound method. In experimental group an electrical content based on multiple intelligences was used. The same pretest and posttest were done before and after the education. Data analysis has done by Chi-squared, independent t test, and multi-variable variance analysis on the increased grade and by using Spss19.Although learning difference of two groups was meaningful in the method on the basis of verbal intelligence, it wasn&rsquo;t meaningful in the methods on the basis of interpersonal and kinesthetic intelligences (p˂0.05). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        225 - Evaluation of art education based on basic scope and content structure in Elementary Schools: A Study on Teachers', Administrators' and Experts' views
        رضا صابری
        Many experts believe that art education is considered as a challenge in Iran and other countries. The Purpose of this research is to recognize the basic scopes and content structure. The target of population consists of 1300 teachers, administrators, and specialists of More
        Many experts believe that art education is considered as a challenge in Iran and other countries. The Purpose of this research is to recognize the basic scopes and content structure. The target of population consists of 1300 teachers, administrators, and specialists of Elementary Schools in Kerman, that 457 subjects were selected using multi stage random sampling method on Morgan&#39;s table. The&nbsp; questionnaire was used as a tool, its reliability was 0/8, and was confirmed its content- related validity. &nbsp;The descriptive statistics, &nbsp;one &ndash;sample t- test, one- ANOVA and Spss19th version were employed for analyzing the obtained data.. Research findings indicated that art is important, and all subjects valued this variable above the average extent. There was significant difference(P&lt;0/01) on the components related to scope of art education and content structure among study groups. Based on supports and limitations, the difference among groups was meaningful. The study also showed that there are enough visual and national &ndash; religious arts in curriculum, but music and drama have been neglected. The role of gender wasn&rsquo;t significantly different in assessment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        226 - Analyze the contents of social science books in the third and fourth grades of the elementary school according to the components of context-base approach
        Maryam Rezaie Parasto Belmane Gholam Ali Ahmadi
        10.30486/jsre.2018.543734
        The purpose of the present study was to analyze the contents of social science books in the third and fourth grades of the elementary school according to the components of context-base approach. The research method in this study was content analysis. The populations of More
        The purpose of the present study was to analyze the contents of social science books in the third and fourth grades of the elementary school according to the components of context-base approach. The research method in this study was content analysis. The populations of study were the social science books in the elementary school in the academic year 93-94. The sample of study was the social science book contents in the third and fourth grades of the elementary school. The instrument of data gathering in this study is the content analysis form. It is made according to the components of context-base approach. Educational experts&rsquo; ideas were used to determine the reliability of the instrument. The reliability of the instrument was calculated 90% through the Holsti formula. One coding form was used to analyze contents of social science books in the third and fourth grades of elementary school. At the first stage, active and inactive units of the social science books were determined in the two grades. At the second stage, the inactive units were omitted and at the next stage, the active units were coded according to the components of field-centered approach. At the next stage, the obtained data from the research were analyzed through the descriptive statistics. The results of this study showed that the context-base approach was averagely focused in both books. The components of field-centered approach were focused asymmetrically in both books in a way that in both books more attention is paid to the components of meaningful learning, scientific competence, providing problem solving situations and less attention was paid to the components of involving students in group works and providing scientific reasoning training background. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        227 - Analysis of elementary school science textbooks based on representation of components of the nature of science using Shannon entropy equations
        Zahra Rajabi Asghar Soltani Mehrangiz Alinejad
        10.30486/jsre.2022.1951189.2085
        The aim of this study was to analysis of elementary science textbooks based on the representation of nature of science. The research method was descriptive and content analysis. The statistical population of the research included the experimental science textbooks of th More
        The aim of this study was to analysis of elementary science textbooks based on the representation of nature of science. The research method was descriptive and content analysis. The statistical population of the research included the experimental science textbooks of the sixth grades of the academic year of 2021, simple random sampling was used and the size of the population was equal to the sample. The data collection tool was a content analysis checklist (adapted from Phillips et al., 2015). The unit of analysis consisted of complete sentences and paragraphs, questions, figures, tables, margins or definitions, and each stage of a laboratory or practical activity. The reliability of the instrument was estimated to be 0.82 through calculating the Holsti index. Data analysis was done using compensatory data processing method, that is, Shannon entropy. The results showed that the highest level of attention of elementary science textbooks is related to the science as a way of investigating and the least attention was paid to the science textbooks of elementary school related to the component of science as the interaction of science, technology, and society. The results also showed that the balanced ratio in the distribution of components was not observed in science textbooks. The general result of the research indicated that the distribution of the components of the nature of science in elementary science textbooks needs to be revised based on the results of current research. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        228 - Assessment of Content of Business and Technology Textbooks Ninth Grade The Amount of Attention to the Concepts of Entrepreneurship
        reza jafariharandi
        10.30486/jsre.2019.665143
        Research aimed to An Content Analysis of of assessment of content of business and technology textbooks sixth grade elementary school the amount of attention to the concepts of entrepreneurship descriptive method content analysis was performed. The study population inclu More
        Research aimed to An Content Analysis of of assessment of content of business and technology textbooks sixth grade elementary school the amount of attention to the concepts of entrepreneurship descriptive method content analysis was performed. The study population included, business and technology textbooks sixth grade elementary school in school year 2018 Considering the nature and logic of the research, the entire text of the book was examined as an example. Measurement tool, self-made content analysis checklist Consisting of the concept and 41 Index was, the validity of the use of professional judgment (validity and content) determined using Scott reliability 0.97 respectively. results using descriptive statistics were used in the process of Shannon entropy analysis. Based on research, business and technology textbooks Ninth grade elementary school 270 times concepts of entrepreneurship, focused The index distribution of its importance The concepts of risk appetite, achievement, responsibility, creativity, tolerance of ambiguity, internal control and foresight Respectively 0.123, 0.149, 0.160, 0.161, 0.093, 0.164, 0.150. It is also important to factor in the algorithm module, drawing on a computer, motor mechanics, computer games, electrical, mechanical, Construction, automotive, monitoring of child growth and development, crafts and professional academic guidance, respectively 0.103, 0.081, 0.100, 0.101, 0.100, 0.089, 0.097, 0.070, 0.091, 0.100, 0.066. The overall conclusion was that the distribution of importance coefficients in concepts and modules is unbalanced, and education and promotion of entrepreneurship concepts should not be as comprehensive as possible. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        229 - Content Analysis of Farsi Elementary School Reading Textbooks Based on Philosophical Thought Criterions on Lippman's theory
        Marziyeh Motamedi Mohammadabadi Elham Azimi Reza Ali Nowrozi
        10.30486/jsre.2019.551454.
        Teaching philosophy has been proposed as an important program to train of thought in most countries in the world. The main objective of this study was to analyze the content of Persian elementary school reading books (with an emphasis on the stories) based on components More
        Teaching philosophy has been proposed as an important program to train of thought in most countries in the world. The main objective of this study was to analyze the content of Persian elementary school reading books (with an emphasis on the stories) based on components of philosophical thought in the philosophy for children program. The data collection was performed by content analysis method based on a list of philosophical thinking measures including three concepts (reasoning, conceptualization and judgment) and twelve sub-components. The population consisted of reading books of first to sixth grade of Iran in 2016.&nbsp;To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used. In analyzed books,&nbsp;a total of 578 components related to the concepts of philosophical thinking were identified. The results suggested that in the textbook under study the&nbsp;highest frequencies were allocated to the category of reasoning and judgment has obtained the lowest attention. Also among the textbooks under study the reading textbooks of fifth and sixth grade were more focused on the components of philosophical thinking and the lowest level was associated with the reading textbook of the first grade. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        230 - Investigation of the Status of critical thinking in storical Literature of reading textbooks in elementary period
        halime mesri edris islami kamal afani
        10.30486/jsre.2019.565849.1156
        The aim of this research is investigation of critical thinking position in fiction literature of reading textbooks in Elementary course. To achieve this goal, content analysis method has been used. The results show in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the first More
        The aim of this research is investigation of critical thinking position in fiction literature of reading textbooks in Elementary course. To achieve this goal, content analysis method has been used. The results show in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the first elementary grade no reference has been made to the components of critical thinking, in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the second elementary grade, the most frequent components of the art of thinking about their thinking and the correct judgment (based on the criterion), in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the third elementary grade, the most frequent components of curiosity of thought and correct judgment (based on criterion), in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the fourth elementary grade, the most frequent component of curiosity of thought, in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the fifth elementary grade, the most frequent components of defining and clarifying the problem and in fiction literature of reading textbooks of the sixth elementary grade, the most frequent components of reasoning and correct judgment (based on criterion) have been belonged. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        231 - A content analysis of selected chapters of the English textbooks for Iranian junior high schools (prospects) based on the four main processes of generative model of learning according to views of English language experts and teachers
        Farzaneh Dehghan
        10.30486/jsre.2020.551486.0
        The present study is an attempt to analyze the content of Prospect textbooks taught at the Iranian junior high schools according to the generative learning framework. Based on the four main processes of generative theory (motivation, learning, meaning making, generation More
        The present study is an attempt to analyze the content of Prospect textbooks taught at the Iranian junior high schools according to the generative learning framework. Based on the four main processes of generative theory (motivation, learning, meaning making, generation), a checklist was developed. Four experts in TEFL and 21 English teachers were asked to analyze 9 selected lessons from the books. The content validity of the checklist was confirmed by the 4 experts and the intra- and inter-rater reliability indices showed a significant reliability level. Then, interval evaluation was used for the analysis of the obtained means. The results showed that the textbooks were evaluated as successful according to the generation criterion, moderate regarding meaning making criterion and weak in terms of learning and motivation criteria. Furthermore, the books were evaluated as weak regarding their generalizability power to non-learning contexts (which is an important aspect of communicative approaches) as well as motivation, developing thinking skills and raising awareness and attention criteria. Some suggestions are made for the improvement of generalizability of learning to out-of-class contexts, thinking skills and motivation in texts, exercises and tasks. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        232 - Content analysis of first year high school social studies textbooks based on national curriculum content indicators
        parastoo salavati hassan maleki Fatemeh Sohrabi
        10.30486/jsre.2020.1871401.1411
        The purpose of the present study was to analyze the content of the textbook of social studies in high school. The research method is through content analysis. The research population was the first high school social studies textbook consisting of 1605 independent senten More
        The purpose of the present study was to analyze the content of the textbook of social studies in high school. The research method is through content analysis. The research population was the first high school social studies textbook consisting of 1605 independent sentences, pictures and phrases. The sources studied and analyzed in this research are quantitative content analysis checklists. The results of the research show that in total 34% of textbook messages correspond to social education. Social participation indexes are about 103 and unity and solidarity indexes are 90, which is the most frequent in the textbook. As a conclusion, it can be said that the very important components of education that are almost neglected in this book are such as: Embarrassed and the command to good and forbidding the evil. In addition, honesty, fairness, criticism, and so on are essential components of social education that, according to research findings, the content of the book has been overlooked Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        233 - Analytical study of the level of attention to the aesthetic dimensions of citizenship education in the first grade textbooks
        fatemeh ashpaz tayebeh mahroozadeh maryam banahan ghomi parvin samadi
        10.30486/jsre.2020.1897055.1615
        The present study, considering the relationship between the two fields of aesthetics and citizenship education, seeks to analyze the content of textbooks in the first grade of elementary school as one of the most effective courses, to examine the use of citizenship educ More
        The present study, considering the relationship between the two fields of aesthetics and citizenship education, seeks to analyze the content of textbooks in the first grade of elementary school as one of the most effective courses, to examine the use of citizenship education indicators from the perspective of aesthetics in books. The research method is descriptive and quantitative content analysis. The statistical population of the research is the textbooks of the first elementary school in the academic year of 1397-98. The tool for identifying the aesthetic components of citizenship education indicators is the content codes designed by the researcher, which has three cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions, according to which the content of the books is coded and analyzed. The formal validity and content of the research tools were confirmed by experts and scholars of the philosophy of education and curriculum planning, and the reliability of the research tools was obtained based on Scott's formula of 0.78. The results of content analysis showed that in the whole content of textbooks of the first elementary school, 558 cases of citizenship education with emphasis on the dimensions of artistic education have been mentioned. At least 8 cases (5.4%) arerelated to the Democracy Familiarization Index Accordingly, considering the number of books and three study pillars studied, paying attention to citizenship education with emphasis on artistic education is not enough, and in fact, this amount of attention to citizenship education in textbooks cannot be in line with students' needs. To be a citizen. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        234 - The Study of Characteristics of the Curriculum Elements in Elementary Tribes schools
        firooz Mahmoodi ahad azimi Aghbolaq seyyedhadi madani
        10.30486/jsre.2020.1892258.1564
        This study aimed to describe the characteristics of curriculum elements in Tribes schools from the perspective of elementary teachers. The present study was conducted in the academic year of 2018-2019 with guided qualitative content analysis, with purposeful sampling an More
        This study aimed to describe the characteristics of curriculum elements in Tribes schools from the perspective of elementary teachers. The present study was conducted in the academic year of 2018-2019 with guided qualitative content analysis, with purposeful sampling and in-depth semi-structured interview with 15 teachers of Tribes schools. The analysis of the interviews was done manually and simultaneously with data collection. The reliability of the findings was done by immersion and repeated study and review and revise by participants and experts. Based on the elements of the proposed curriculum Maleki (2015), seven elements in this study were studied. Characteristics of Tribes curriculum elements with main categories include goal (goal of study: literacy only at elementary level), content (prescribed content by Centralized education system, challenges for Tribes students and teachers), instructional materials (shortage of instructional facilities and requirements), Teaching-learning strategies (the challenges of teaching-learning strategies; the multifaceted role of teacher), time (truancy and wasting time), space (lack of interaction between home and school; School physical space issues, evaluation (barriers to descriptive-qualitative evaluation) were extracted from the data. The results showed that this was not the case despite the emphasis on Legal documents and education statutes to adapt curricula to the context of Tribes life, so actions are needed from practitioners. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        235 - Teachers' knowledge and pedagogical competencies
        Ebrahim Esabat Tabari Mohammad norian Kiumars Damsaz
        10.30486/jsre.2022.1913797.1763
        This study aimed to study systematically and present a meta-synthesis of researches over the past 20 years on teacher's pedagogic content knowledge (pck) competencies. The approach used in this study included discretional qualitative research synthesis which was fulfill More
        This study aimed to study systematically and present a meta-synthesis of researches over the past 20 years on teacher's pedagogic content knowledge (pck) competencies. The approach used in this study included discretional qualitative research synthesis which was fulfilled through content analysis and metasynthesis. The researcher reached data saturation level with 43 studies of all the researches on the topic as a statistical population. By extracting the results in terms of semantic units and coding of competencies, 74 codes were generated in the first step and organized in 13 categories through the meta-synthesis method and finally three themes of competencies were obtained. Themes of competencies and categories are1- Theme of prerequisite competencies with five components: general competencies, communication skills, interest in teaching profession, professional development, teacher character. Lessons for teaching, learners 'knowledge and general competence. 3- The theme of performance and evaluation competencies was classified with seven components: student activation, classroom management, learners' knowledge, organization of teaching and learning processes, communication skills and teaching skills. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        236 - The effect of using electronic content in online education on academic performance, academic motivation and academic vitality of elementary school students in Corona pandemic
        ali shirdel mojtaba rezaei rad
        10.30486/jsre.2022.1940207.1984
        The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the use of electronic content in online education on academic performance, academic motivation and academic vitality of elementary school students during the outbreak and corona epidemic, using a quasi-experimental me More
        The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the use of electronic content in online education on academic performance, academic motivation and academic vitality of elementary school students during the outbreak and corona epidemic, using a quasi-experimental method with a control group. The statistical population of all sixth grade elementary school students in Miandrood City in the academic year 2020-2021 was 20 people selected by simple random sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (10 people) and control (10 people) Were selected as. The instruments for measuring variables were standard questionnaires of academic performance by (pham, taylor 1999), academic motivation (Harter, 1980) and academic vitality (Martin, Marsh 2006). One-variable analysis of covariance (ANCO) showed that the use of electronic content in online education has an effect on students' academic performance, academic motivation and academic vitality. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that the effect of using electronic content in online education on academic vitality (Effect size: 0.76) was greater. In the next ranks are academic motivation (Effect size: 0.74) and academic performance (Effect size: 0.73), respectively. The results show that in order to improve and improve each of the variables of academic performance, academic motivation and academic vitality in elementary school students, electronic content can be used in online education. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        237 - Synthesis of components of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (pck) of science teachers: Presenting a conceptual model
        Tayyebe Nemati Javad keyhan jahangir yari haj Atalo
        10.30486/jsre.2022.1942179.2005
        Pedagogical Content knowledge (pck) of science teachers has a complex and diverse nature. The purpose of the present study is to review the studies in this field and obtain a coordinated result from the components and subcomponents of the pck and to extract the componen More
        Pedagogical Content knowledge (pck) of science teachers has a complex and diverse nature. The purpose of the present study is to review the studies in this field and obtain a coordinated result from the components and subcomponents of the pck and to extract the components that have been further researched. The results of this research can be useful for researchers who are looking to identify or develop a specific group of teachers in a particular subject. The research method was meta-synthesis and the data were analyzed using a seven-stage Marsh synthesis model. The statistical population, articles and dissertations are valid in the field of PC and 118 articles were identified based on the inclusion criteria and 41 research articles were selected for analysis based on the exclusion criteria. Data were collected and recorded by a form designed by researchers, and axial arm codings were performed by two independent evaluators, and the Kappa Cohen coefficient formula yielded an agreement between the evaluators of 0.73. Five dimensions, 1- Educational knowledge 2- Learners' knowledge 3- context knowledge 4- Curriculum knowledge 5- Specific knowledge of specific subject topics were identified. The three dimensions of education, learners and teachers' curriculum have been researched more than other components. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        238 - Construction and validation of the teaching scale of the content of elementary school textbooks with an entrepreneurial approach
        Farhad Shafiepour Motlagh Abbas Gholtash
        10.30486/jsre.2023.1964908.2210
        The purpose of this research was to construct and validate the content teaching scale of elementary course textbooks with entrepreneurship approach. The descriptive research method was a descriptive-survey type. The statistical population of this research included all p More
        The purpose of this research was to construct and validate the content teaching scale of elementary course textbooks with entrepreneurship approach. The descriptive research method was a descriptive-survey type. The statistical population of this research included all primary school teachers of the country, numbering 376 people during the years 1395-1401. The method of random sampling was simple and based on Cochran's formula, 112 people were selected for the research. After obtaining a list of the components of teaching the content of elementary course textbooks with an entrepreneurial approach based on the study of theoretical foundations and through an open questionnaire, primary data was provided. In order to check the validity of the questionnaire from content validity and construct validity and also to determine the items of the content teaching scale of elementary course textbooks with an entrepreneurial approach, from exploratory factor analysis using the method of principal component analysis with varimax rotation, to check the degree of agreement and name Placement of extraction factors was used and 8 factors were extracted. The reliability coefficient and internal homogeneity of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha for the subscales of revealing the hidden aspects of the content equal to 0.96, creating ideas based on learning the content equal to 0.93, developing semantic units equal to 0.95, criticizing the content equal to 0.87 Content reconstruction equal to 0.95, content crystallization equal to 0.93, missing content compensation equal to 0.94, cognitive load equal to 0.92 were calculated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        239 - Investigating the Persian textbooks of the secondary education with emphasis on caring thinking
        jaber eftekhari RezaAli Nowrozi Hojjat Eftekhari
        10.30486/jsre.2023.1972129.2248
        The purpose of the current research was to investigate the Persian books of secondary education based on the components of caring thinking. The method of this descriptive research was content analysis and the Shannon entropy method was used to analyze the data. The anal More
        The purpose of the current research was to investigate the Persian books of secondary education based on the components of caring thinking. The method of this descriptive research was content analysis and the Shannon entropy method was used to analyze the data. The analyzed sources were three volumes of Persian textbooks of the first secondary school in the academic year of 2021-2022 and the research tool was the content analysis checklist based on the components of caring thinking from Lipman's point of view, the validity of which was verified by five education experts. The findings of the research showed that in the Persian books of secondary school, the highest importance coefficient in terms of attention to the components of care thinking is related to the eighthgrade book (0.336) and the lowest importance coefficient is related to the ninth grade (0.329). Also, in Persian books of secondary school, the component of appreciative thinking has the highest information load (0.99) and the importance coefficient (0.20), and the component of affective thinking has the lowest information load (0.95) and the coefficient of importance (0.19) they have dedicated themselves. Therefore, according to the insignificant difference in the information load and the importance factor between the books and the components, it can be said that the content of these books has been balanced to some extent, and considering the important role of caring thinking in the life of students, it is suggested while revising the content of Persian books of secondary school, they should pay more attention to this issue. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        240 - Analysis of the teacher's guide books and textbooks of primary school and secondary school of the education system in terms of resistive economy
        Zahra Khoje behrooz mahram mahmood saeedy
        10.30486/jsre.2023.562847.1119
        The aim of this research was to consider resistive economy contents of teacher's guide books and textbooks of primary school and secondary school of Iran's education system. The content analysis method was used to check the economy attention to the contents of resistive More
        The aim of this research was to consider resistive economy contents of teacher's guide books and textbooks of primary school and secondary school of Iran's education system. The content analysis method was used to check the economy attention to the contents of resistive economy in these books. In this research all textbooks were investigated and the concept of each paragraph was recorded as a unit. Deductive method was done for the coding process. Descriptive statistics in this research were frequency, percentage and charts Chi-square test was used for frequency differences determination. According to the data of the content analysis of these books revealed that consumption patterns of reform, entrepreneurship, manufacture and domestic production (supporting national production), the formation and extraversion have been more considered. The resistance economic components were neglected, which they include: Knowledge-based economy, reforming economic structures and institutions, clarification and purification of economy, Justice economics and reduce dependence on oil and raw retail component. For improving the curriculum and thus foster the resistance of economy, there should be consideration over reviewing and incorporating Resistive economy in books of Education. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        241 - Analysis and evaluation of elementary school textbooks (Farsi, Negaresh Farsi and Olom Tajrobi) in terms of attention to communication skills training and adaptive coping
        aboubakr Karimi
        10.30486/jsre.2023.1958343.2144
        The goal is to analyze the content of elementary school textbooks based on Communication skills and adaptive coping. The research is of a qualitative type using the content analysis method. The research population is Persian books, Persian writing and experimental scien More
        The goal is to analyze the content of elementary school textbooks based on Communication skills and adaptive coping. The research is of a qualitative type using the content analysis method. The research population is Persian books, Persian writing and experimental sciences. The measurement tool was a checklist made by the researcher based on the background whose validity was verified by experts and its reliability was verified by Scott method (89.5) and reproducibility technique (inter-coder reliability). The data from the content analysis were analyzed using the three Shannon entropy steps. The unit of analysis is the phrase. The highest attention with 182 frequencies (32.6%) is related to the skill of "ability to establish adaptive interpersonal relationships" and the lowest attention with 108 times (19.3%) is related to the skill of "ability to cope with stress". Then, 148 times (26.5%) the skill of "ability to communicate effectively with others" and 120 times (21.6%) the skill of "ability to cope with emotions" have been considered in elementary school textbooks, respectively. In the above books, the highest importance factor is related to the skill of "ability to communicate effectively with others" (0.1739) and the lowest importance factor is related to "ability to cope with stress" (0.1465). The most attention to the total life skills is related to the book "Persian" with 214 frequencies (38.4%) and the least attention to the total life skills is related to the book "Persian writing" with 155 frequencies (27.7%). Based on the findings, The reviewed books have taught adaptive coping and communication skills, but there is a difference between the amount of attention paid to each component of the skills and in different books. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        242 - Improvement of Accuracy of Content-Based Image Retrieval Using Local and Statistical Methods
        Narges Savoj Bijan Shoushtarian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        243 - The Analysis match of identity Form and content advertising Sport with Strategic purporsts Islamic-Iranian model of progress
        HAMID MOEINFARD Rasool Nazari
        10.30486/4s.2023.1983318.1116
        Objective: AObjective: The aim of this study was to analyze the correspondence between the form identity and the content of sports advertisements with the strategic themes of the Iranian-Islamic model of progress.Methodology: The research was descriptive and survey meth More
        Objective: AObjective: The aim of this study was to analyze the correspondence between the form identity and the content of sports advertisements with the strategic themes of the Iranian-Islamic model of progress.Methodology: The research was descriptive and survey method. The statistical population of this study was all sports management and marketing experts working in sports organizations and Isfahan municipality with a statistical population of 150 people. Based on Cohen (2000) formula, the sample size was estimated to be 108 people who were selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. In a pilot study based on the method of halving the data using Cronbach's alpha test, the reliability (&alpha; = 0.86) was reported. Also, face and content validity was confirmed by ten professors of sports management.Results: results indicate a significant difference between the current situation and the desired situation of matching the form identity, content, strategy of sports advertising with emphasis on the Iranian-Islamic model of progress (p &lt;0.05). Conclusion: The model written by the Iranian elite and emphasized by the Supreme Leader and can be followed by this significant difference between the form, content, identification and strategic approach of sports advertising with the concept of the Iranian-Islamic model of progress and its components (science, life, Thought and spirituality) prevented.Therefore, a suitable ground should be provided for the full recognition of this model by the officials of advertising organizations and its application in all dimensions. At the same time, a suitable platform should be provided for obtaining information and knowledge about the content of propaganda messages in which the concept of being Iranian and being Islamic can be seen. A suitable platform for accurate knowledge of culture and society should be provided so that it can move in a certain direction and direction based on it and have a suitable pattern to provide a platform where more components of advertising are known and information about it is accurate so that it can be used as a criterion for predicting changes. Although some views of the Iranian-Islamic model have been used in sports advertising, but those in charge tend to use attractive international symbols for the audience, so a suitable platform should be provided to better understand the concept of the Iranian-Islamic model of progress to the form and content of sports advertising. It led to the Iranian-Islamic concept. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        244 - Manifestations of Using Mystical Themes and Concepts in General Persian Textbooks
        Samira Sheikh olya Lavasani Alireza Salehi Mohamad Noorian
        10.2234/erfan.2023.703032
        The general Persian course is one of the courses with general importance that plays a significant role in increasing literary knowledge and writing skills as well as familiarizing students with the great cultural and literary heritage of the country. Many researches on More
        The general Persian course is one of the courses with general importance that plays a significant role in increasing literary knowledge and writing skills as well as familiarizing students with the great cultural and literary heritage of the country. Many researches on its structure, topic, theme and content have been done yet. The teaching of mystical ideas in general Persian textbooks shows that it has important and valuable effects in teaching Persian culture and literature. The authors of this essay, with a descriptive-analytical method, examine the manifestations of the use of mystical themes and concepts in several general Persian textbooks, to show you how much they approach the goals of lesson planning in this subject and what effect it has on the teaching of Persian culture and literature. The results show that mystical themes (generally In addition to the fact that it has a beautiful and attractive flavor in terms of art in the general Persian lesson, it has a positive effect on the soul and spirit of the audience in terms of emotion and refinement of thoughts and self-cultivation, and its teacher achieves the lofty goals of teaching the Persian language and literature and expanding the audience's thinking and introducing the greats of literature and culture. Iranian and Islamic mystics will help. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        245 - Mystic Thoughts in Mohammad Qahraman’s poem
        Habibollah Bakhshudeh Siyavash Moradi Manizheh Zare&rsquo;ei
        Mohammad Qahraman is a contemporary poet and researcher who, in addition to writing all kinds of poetry in Farsi and the local dialect of Torbat Heydarieh, published the divan of several poets of the Indian style, such as Sa&rsquo;eb Tabrizi, and is one of the most infl More
        Mohammad Qahraman is a contemporary poet and researcher who, in addition to writing all kinds of poetry in Farsi and the local dialect of Torbat Heydarieh, published the divan of several poets of the Indian style, such as Sa&rsquo;eb Tabrizi, and is one of the most influential poets of the last five decades of Khorasan. He wrote most of his poems in the form of traditional ghazal. The hero is a follower of the Indian style and has benefited from this famous style in terms of structure and content. This contemporary poet has paid special attention to mystical concepts and terms in his sonnets. In the present research, which was done in a documentary way, the poet's view of the mystical poetry is based on the mystical traditional texts. The attention of mystical authorities and terms, mention of Tahmidiyeh and beautiful mystical prayers, the composition of eight &lsquo;Sāqi-Nameh&rsquo;s in the form of sonnets, and the hiring of pub essentials and Wine in the service of mysticism has made the poetry book of his life worth reading. The authors of this research article, while analyzing the content of the mystical sonnets of Mohammad Qahraman, have investigated the content relations of his poetry with mystical texts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        246 -  ارزیابی بازنگرانه کتاب انگلیسی پایه سوم متوسطه اول ایران
        Elham TAghipour Shaban Najafi Karimi
        10.30495/jntell.2022.695396
        این پژوهش به ارزیابی کتاب زبان انگلیسی پایه سوم راهنمایی در ایران که در سال 1396 توسط وزارت آموزش و پرورش اجرا شد، پرداخته است. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اینکه آیا محتوای کتاب با ادعای نویسندگان مطابقت دارد یا خیر انجام شد. برای انجام این کار، محقق از طرح تحقیق کمی برای More
        این پژوهش به ارزیابی کتاب زبان انگلیسی پایه سوم راهنمایی در ایران که در سال 1396 توسط وزارت آموزش و پرورش اجرا شد، پرداخته است. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی اینکه آیا محتوای کتاب با ادعای نویسندگان مطابقت دارد یا خیر انجام شد. برای انجام این کار، محقق از طرح تحقیق کمی برای ارزیابی این کتاب درسی استفاده کرد. نمونه تحقیق متشکل از 200 معلم بود که برای پاسخ به پرسشنامه در این پژوهش شرکت کردند که به صورت تصادفی از مدارس مختلف دولتی و غیردولتی استان مازندران انتخاب شدند. آنها در نظرسنجی آنلاین و کاغذی شرکت کردند. این نظرسنجی توسط Cunnings Worth سال 1995 طراحی شد. آیتم های این پرسشنامه بر اساس ویژگی یک کتاب درسی خوب و شامل 14 دسته به عنوان محتوا، دستور زبان، واژگان، واج شناسی، مهارت های زبانی، روش شناسی، مهارت های مطالعه، اهداف، انتخاب محتوا، درجه بندی و بازیافت، تصاویر، تمرین و تست، مواد تکمیلی و راهنمای معلم بود. به طور خلاصه، نتایج ارزیابی نشان داد که محتوای این کتاب نسبتاً مناسب است، زیرا میانگین نمرات ترکیبی برای هر دسته از 2 فراتر رفته است، به جز برای درجه بندی و بازیافت که امتیاز 2.10 را کسب کردند. مقوله درجه بندی و بازیافت و مهارت های مطالعه دو مقوله بودند که میانگین 13/2 و 10/2 را کسب کردند. آنها کمترین درجه را از سوی پاسخ دهندگان به دست آوردند.&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        247 - Examining Salman Herati's poems from the point of view of content aesthetics
        Mazaher Zamani Nematsara
        Salman Herati is one of the prominent contemporary poets who, by using simple language and creating pure and fresh compositions, was able to express many of his social and political, ritual, religious and idealistic concerns in his poems. He has never sacrificed the con More
        Salman Herati is one of the prominent contemporary poets who, by using simple language and creating pure and fresh compositions, was able to express many of his social and political, ritual, religious and idealistic concerns in his poems. He has never sacrificed the content and theme of his poems to the surface and external layers of the poem (rhyme and weight...), but his poems are always in terms of literary creations, melody, simple and clear language, careful choice of words, beautiful descriptions, imagination. Strong, the harmony of image and emotion, artistic and story techniques, the use of historical and mythological elements, and having a deep meaning and concept, have been worthy of attention. In this article, which is written in an analytical-descriptive way, attention is paid to the most significant content and conceptual expressions from the perspective of intellectual aesthetics in Salman Herati's poems. The obtained results show that Salman is interested in concepts and approaches such as idealism and libertarianism, ritual and religious attitudes, martyrdom and martyrdom, patriotism, revolution, manifestations of resistance and stability, nature, resurrection and death, love. , justice and anti-colonialism and some social components such as philanthropy have paid special attention, and among these things, religious and ritual themes as well as politeness have shown more special attention. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        248 - A Study of Western Vocabulary and Terms in the Illustration and Thematic Creation of the Poetry of the Constitutional Era "Case Study of Iraj Mirza's Poems"
        Ali Ghaempanah Tajabadi Maryam Gholamreza Beigi Majid Hajizadeh Askari
        Loss is a dynamic and living phenomenon that changes over time and in its extent, many changes occur. One of its most important features is borrowing from other languages. In the constitutional period, this issue was done in the poems of poets such as Iraj Mirza, due to More
        Loss is a dynamic and living phenomenon that changes over time and in its extent, many changes occur. One of its most important features is borrowing from other languages. In the constitutional period, this issue was done in the poems of poets such as Iraj Mirza, due to factors such as the prevalence of printing industry in Iran, familiarity of Iranians with European literature, translation and publication of European works, etc. Is. In this research, the authors have used a descriptive-analytical method and with the help of library tools to "study Western words and expressions in the illustration and thematic creation of Iraj Mirza's poems". The findings of the study indicate that Iraj used Western words in his poems and the frequency of French words in his poems in relation to administrative terms is the most Western words and social and political terms, military, Western tools. In everyday life, modern, cultural, literary, and scientific places are next in order. In this regard, the poet, more in a humorous way, has used novel and expressive industries in order to be able to acquaint people better with the situation of his time. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        249 - A critical study of simple writing of poetry Aeas the tically (Possible and Impossible)
        mohsen izadyar
        The trend of simple writing of poetry in the decade of 1380 was a reaction to that of 1370 focusing mainlyom complicity and difficulties and ignoring the audience. Thus, the poets of this trend tried to be for away from complexities to attract more audience to poetry. T More
        The trend of simple writing of poetry in the decade of 1380 was a reaction to that of 1370 focusing mainlyom complicity and difficulties and ignoring the audience. Thus, the poets of this trend tried to be for away from complexities to attract more audience to poetry. The present article tries to study this trend while using the Structural and content approaches. The result is that this poetic trend is devoid of poetical aesthetics, though it attempts to attract the addressees. However, the choice of addressee can't be a proper criterion for the preference of poetical or artistic works. On the other hand, this modernist trend has had no benefit for the poetry and Persian literature or it hasn't developed the aesthetic and linguistic capacity of the poetry. Moreover, this poetical trend can't be considered as the continuation of the poetic simple writing in the past eras in Persian poetry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        250 - ResRec: Using Hierarchical Clustering to Improve Tag-based Resource Recommendation
        Elahe Sabetnia Mehrdad Jalali Saeid Rahati Quchani
        Abstract- Nowadays due to increase volume of data, finding correct and accurate data becomesignificant challenge which without computer systems that is impossible. Then, we always need asystem which can find suitable information in short time within vast of data. Recomm More
        Abstract- Nowadays due to increase volume of data, finding correct and accurate data becomesignificant challenge which without computer systems that is impossible. Then, we always need asystem which can find suitable information in short time within vast of data. Recommendationsystems are solution of this problem. Recommendation systems by using Data Mining technique canprovide appropriate offers and choose prominent information from among large of data. In this systemif the user logged for first time, as his/her profile is null, so by using approach based on collaborationany similar user for this user is not found which represent Cold-Start problem. Therefore, it isintroduced resource recommendation system based on tagging which can help users for choosingsuitable resource and integrating resource among all users.The present method resolved Cold-Start problem in the beginning executes system by combined andintegrated methods based on content, collaboration, related words and user profile. If system does notcontain any information and start work for first time, it is recommend to user by using resourcecontent and related words that means it is greatest advantage of present system rather than previoussystems. The proposed system offers to user based on user's personal interests, interests of similarusers, content resources, databases which associated with ontology and related words. The results ofexperiment reveal that in present system accuracy and efficiency offers improved versus othermethods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        251 - Stock Price Drift from the Content of Projected Earnings Information Resulting from Quarterly Operations: Evidence of the Contradiction Between Timeliness and Profitability
        Saeed Safari Bideskan Alireza Mehrazeen Abolghasem Masih Abadi
        Financial statements should have general objectives rather than specific group interests. The possibility of forecasting earnings based on seasonal performance instead of the previous year's earnings and in terms of the contradiction between timeliness and the ability t More
        Financial statements should have general objectives rather than specific group interests. The possibility of forecasting earnings based on seasonal performance instead of the previous year's earnings and in terms of the contradiction between timeliness and the ability to verify earnings can be a new and thought-provoking issue. The present study examines stock price drift from the content of projected earnings forecast for quarterly operations. The research hypotheses were tested through univariate regression, multivariate regression and correlation coefficient tests using Eviews software. Findings of this study indicate that 1- Profit forecast based on quarterly performance has more verifiability than the previous year (profit stability). 2- The Verifiability of the year profit is more than the profit forecast based on the 9-month performance. 3- Stock price drift is expected on the day after the announcement of earnings and there are changes in earnings compared to the forecast of the previous season. 4- No relationship was observed between the volumes of shares traded the next day and the announcement of the forecasted profit and the changes in the profit compared to the forecast of the previous season. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        252 - Comparing Relative and Additive Contents of Return with Cash Recovery Rate
        Mohammadreza Mehrabanpour Mehri Davoudabadi
        10.22034/amfa.2017.529059
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        253 - Relationship between the biological parameters of Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the host phenolic content
        H. Tabasian sh. goldasteh Gh. h. Moravvej E. Sanatgar M. Ghadamyari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        254 - Determining the Coefficient of Timeliness Harvesting Operation on the Quality Losses of Rapeseed in North Khuzestan
        Amin reza Jamshidi Ebrahim Abassi Monjezi Mohammad Mansorifar
        This research was conducted in order to determine the rate of untimely harvesting of rapeseed (Hayola 401) in Khuzestan province, The studied parameters of harvest loss in three different times (5 days apart) in three moisture levels were 33, 17, 13%. Harvesting was don More
        This research was conducted in order to determine the rate of untimely harvesting of rapeseed (Hayola 401) in Khuzestan province, The studied parameters of harvest loss in three different times (5 days apart) in three moisture levels were 33, 17, 13%. Harvesting was done homogeneously from the surface of cultivated fields in three times and three repetitions. Comparison of the average drop in different harvesting times to determine the effect of changes in the harvesting time on the drop, one-way analysis of variance and LSD test were used. The results showed that the highest quality efficiency of the combine at 17% humidity will be 84.49% and the lowest at 33% humidity will be 13.59%. At the time of early harvest, with a humidity of 33, the percentage of rapeseed oil was 42.2, the percentage of salt was 0.022, and the amount of its acid number was 4.38%. In harvesting the seeds with 17% humidity, which was called timely harvesting, the percentage of rapeseed oil was 49.6, the percentage of salt was 0.029, and the amount of its acid number was 4.33%. However, in the late harvest at 13% humidity, the oil percentage of rape seeds was 41.2, the salt percentage was 0.042, and the acid value was 5%. By calculating the coefficient of untimely operations at harvest time, it was determined that the farmers of the region will lose 4,443,9200 Rials on each early harvest day and 2,0098,400 Rials per hectare on each late harvest day. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        255 - A comprehensive study on the effect of moisture content on coal spontaneous combustion tendency
        Amir Saffari Farhang Sereshki Mohammad Ataei
        10.30495/ijes.2020.674671
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        256 - Design، Construction and Evaluation of Henna Leaves Roller Separator with the Aim of Determining the Optimum Moisture for Leaf Separation
        Somayeh Mirzakhani Hossein Maghsoudi Kazem Jafari Naeimi
        10.30495/sarj.2021.1938791.1032
        Today، in developed countries، using specialized machines for agricultural products processing، is one of the most common ways to reduce the final price of these products. For this purpose، firstly، henna leaf separator was designed in the SolidWorks software and then c More
        Today، in developed countries، using specialized machines for agricultural products processing، is one of the most common ways to reduce the final price of these products. For this purpose، firstly، henna leaf separator was designed in the SolidWorks software and then constructed. In order to evaluate the performance of this prototype، three factors include the speed of rollers at two levels of 1550 and 750 rpm، the distance between the rollers at three levels of 2، 3 and 4 mm، and moisture content at three levels of 14%, 45% and 87% in the form of a factorial design of experiment with three replications was conducted. The success rate in leaf separation was considered as the evaluation index of the machine. Analysis of the results showed that the effect of roller speed، moisture content and rollers distance as well as the dual and triple effect of these factors on the success rate in leaf separation were meaningful. The results showed that the best performance of the roller separator was achieved at the rollers speed of 1550 rpm، distance of 2 mm between the rollers and moisture content of 14%. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        257 - Effect of 6-benzylaminopurine and methyl jasmonate on yield and quality improvement of the strawberry ‘Albion’
        Farzad Asgari Sepideh Kalateh Jari Babak Motesharezadeh Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi Weria Weisany
        10.30495/sarj.2023.1994688.1149
        To study the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on various quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Albion strawberry, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design was carried out with three replications in a More
        To study the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) and methyl jasmonate (MJ) on various quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the Albion strawberry, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design was carried out with three replications in a greenhouse located in Damavand county. The first factor was 6-BAP at two levels (control and 100 mg/L) and the second factor was MJ at three levels (control, 100 and 200 &micro;M). Plants were sprayed twice with 6-BAP and thrice with MJ, during the vegetative and the reproductive growth phases, respectively. Application of 6-BAP during the vegetative stage, resulted in production of plants with more and larger leaves and increased crown diameter. The highest fruit count and weight, SPAD, flavor index, total anthocyanin and fruit shelf-life, was related to the 100 mg/L 6-BAP + 200 &micro;M MJ treatment. Using cytokinin combined with each of the MJ concentrations, resulted in significant improvement of the plant yield and fruit firmness compared to the control. Therefore, pre-harvest application of these plant growth regulators can be suggested for increasing production rates, improving the quality, and the shelf-life of this vulnerable fruit and also reducing its waste. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        258 - Determining the Coefficient of Timeliness Harvesting of Rapeseed and its Effect on Small Crop Losses in North Khuzestan
        Ebrahim Abasi Monjezi Mohammad Mansourifar
        10.30495/sarj.2023.1999985.1163
        One of the major challenges of rapeseed harvest is the right harvest time, control of harvest losses and the impact of harvest time on the quality of this product. This research was conducted in order to determine the rate of untimely harvesting of rapeseed (Hyola 401) More
        One of the major challenges of rapeseed harvest is the right harvest time, control of harvest losses and the impact of harvest time on the quality of this product. This research was conducted in order to determine the rate of untimely harvesting of rapeseed (Hyola 401) in Khuzestan province, by the Mianab Agro Industry in the crop year of 2013-2014 with a combine harvester. Operational and field methods were used to obtain the required data. The studied parameters were quantitative harvest losses at three different times (5 days apart) and three humidity levels of 33, 17, and 13%. Harvesting was done homogeneously from the surface of cultivated fields in three times and three repetitions. To compare the average loss in different harvest times and to determine the effect of changes in harvest time on loss, one-way analysis of variance and LSD test were used. The results showed that the highest losses in the threshing and anti-threshing output of the combine with the amount of 1587.9 kilograms were related to early harvesting in the humidity of 33% in the second half of April, and on the other hand, the natural losses with the lowest amount were 4.35 kilograms. Came. Also, in timely harvesting with 17% humidity, the highest natural loss was 485.25 kg and the lowest loss related to the threshing and anti-threshing output of the combine was 25.80 kg. But in the late harvest, the natural losses were much higher, so that the natural losses were 848.21 kg and the lowest losses in the late harvest were at the threshing and anti-threshing output of the combine at the rate of 37.32 kg. By calculating the coefficient of untimely operations at the time of harvesting, it was determined that the farmers of the region will suffer an amount of 7684763 Rials on each day of early harvesting and 3252911 Rials per hectare on each day of late harvesting. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        259 - Designing an Intelligence Model for Auditing Professional Ethics in Knowledge Contents Production
        Ebrahim Nazari Faorkhi Alireza Pourebrahimi Mohammad Nazari Farokhi
        10.30495/jsm.2020.677241
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        260 - Identifying the Challenges and Discussing about Current Situation of the Iranian Pharmaceutical Industry Based on a Systematic Analysis of Experts Opinion
        Abdollah Jassbi Mostafa Jafari Mohammad Mahdavi Mazdeh Mansour Maleki
        10.30495/jsm.2021.1931181.1478
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        261 - Designing a New Behavioral Model of Blockchain Technology Acceptance in Public Banks
        Saba Berenji Maryam Rahmaty Davood Kiakojouri
        10.30495/jsm.2023.1993115.1865
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        262 - Investigating the Generalizability of Participatory Architecture Design Process Results Based on the Interpretation of Children's Drawings (Case study: Comparing the Drawings of Children of Bojnourd and the Villages of Zard and Khorramdeh-e Sharqi)
        Behnam Behnia Mehran Kheirollahi Mahdi Sahragard Atefeh Soltanifar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        263 - Literary Criticism and Analysis of Social Contents In The Novel “Savushun”
        Maryam Mahmoodi Faezeh Ashrafian
        The purpose of this study was to identify the social atmosphere of the pre-revolutionary years and to analyze such issues as the role of women in society, patriarchy, westernization, and the presence of colonialism and family, based on the narrator's narrative by descri More
        The purpose of this study was to identify the social atmosphere of the pre-revolutionary years and to analyze such issues as the role of women in society, patriarchy, westernization, and the presence of colonialism and family, based on the narrator's narrative by descriptive-analytical method. Sociology of literature, on one hand, is related to literature, and on the other hand to sociology. In this method of critique, the structure and content of the literary work and its relation to society, and the mutual effects of literature and society, and how to reflect social issues from the author's point of view in a literary work are examined. The novel &ldquo;Savushun&rdquo; is the product of social conditions in the years of horror and violence after the coup on Aug. 19 1953; the period that the wishes and ideals of a freedom loving and nationalist nation were ruined due to the conspiracy of alien and domestic agents and various mistakes by the political and religious leaders, and disappointment, despair, the feeling of failure, and aloofness bothered the disunited Iranian community. The main aim of the author in this study is identifying the social environment of the years before the revolution and analyzing the points such as the role of women in the community, patriarchy, heroism, and the influence of the foreigners by relying on the novel &ldquo;Savushun&rdquo;. By subtlety and committing discernment, Daneshvar has tried to depict a part of bitter social realities and the agonies and sufferings as well as difficulties confronting the Iranian nation in those black years. She dealt with the problem of identity and position of Iranian women in the social transformations, and in her efforts for self-concept and releasing from veils, she incorporates the agreements and disagreements by criticizing the patriarchal community. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        264 - Dimensions of Middle – Age Experience in Women
        Mah sima Poorshahriayari Fatemeh Hashemi Golpayegani
        The objective of the present study was to investigate the dimensions of middle-age experience in women. The statistical population included all middle-aged women aged 39 to 43 years of the regions one, two, and three in Tehran. Through a semi-structured interview, 12 wo More
        The objective of the present study was to investigate the dimensions of middle-age experience in women. The statistical population included all middle-aged women aged 39 to 43 years of the regions one, two, and three in Tehran. Through a semi-structured interview, 12 women were selected by purposive sampling to reach data saturation. This study was conducted based on a qualitative approach, and was analyzed by content analysis procedure. The content of the interviews was coded, classified, and analyzed via applying the Brown and Clark method, using Atlas software, and ultimately led to the extraction of themes. The findings showed that the main themes included six themes of "physical changes," "change in relationships," "attention to internal aspects," "spirituality," "financial concern," and "conflict resolution." Regarding the vulnerability of middle-aged women and their risk of mental disorders, addressing middle-aged women's life should be a top priority in our country's health care system . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        265 - Comparative Analysis of Cultural and Psychological Content of Feminine Emotions in the Poetry of Najme Zare, Roza Jamali, Maryam Jafari with the Poetry of Ghada Al-Saman
        Fatemeh Taghinezhad Seyyed Mohtasham Mohammadi Ali Mohammad Mahmoudi
        10.22034/jwcp.2023.701928
        The research was aimed to compare cultural and psychological feminine emotions content &nbsp;of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari and Roza Jamali with Ghada Al-Samman poetries. The research universe included all the poems of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari, Roza Jamali and Ghada Al-S More
        The research was aimed to compare cultural and psychological feminine emotions content &nbsp;of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari and Roza Jamali with Ghada Al-Samman poetries. The research universe included all the poems of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari, Roza Jamali and Ghada Al-Samman. The sample encompassed the poems related to cultural and psychological feminine emotions content of the poets. The method was descriptive-analytical. To collect data library method via note taking was processed. The results showed that one of the important themes was the discussion of cultural and psychological content and their signs, which each female poet had a different and sometimes common understanding according to the mentality and culture of their society. Another important and common subject in the poems of these poets was romantic language and female lyrics. Each poet had her own romantic language, which in some cases were similar and sometimes different from Ghada al-Samman. The all-embracing emotional theme of Najme Zare's poem was sadness and separation from the beloved. Maryam Jafari's romantic and social odes was more special in terms of female's discourse and language. Roza Jamali's poems were based on female imagination and showed most of the female romantic themes in the form of symbols, and her poems used more emotional and feminine words compared to other two Iranian poets. In the case of Ghada Al-Samman, there was a combination of the mentioned cases of these three Iranian poets in her feminine romantic language; It means that it was both a poet complaining about the separation of a lover and a defense of women's rights. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        266 - Assess Effect of Different Level of Biochar and Humic Acid on Crop Production and Nutrition Content of Maize Affected Water Stress Condition
        Armaghan Charkhab Mani Mojaddam Tayeb Sakinejad
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        267 - Influence of Zeolite and Biological Fertilizer under Different Irrigation Regime on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.)
        Tahereh Hasanabadi Davood Habibi Hamideh Khalaj
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        268 - Evaluation Impact of Amount and Distribution of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Barley Crop Production and Qualitative Characteristics
        Shokat Shajaripour Mani Mojaddam
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        269 - Evaluation of Relative Membrane Permeability of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Affected Super Absorbent Polymer and Water Deficit Conditions
        Mansour Fazeli Rostampour
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        270 - Assessment Effect of Different Amounts of Iron and Manganese Sulfates on the Qualitative and Quantitative Yield of Wheat in South West of Iran (Ramhormoz Region)
        Fariba Kohzadvand Mani Mojadam
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        271 - Growth and Biochemical Properties of Green Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Affected by Foliar Application of Biostimulants
        Mozhgan Alibakhshi Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        272 - Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Nano Zinc Oxide on Seed Yield, Na+ and K+ Content of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salinity Stress
        Raouf Seyed Sharifi Razieh Khalilzadeh Soraya Soltanmoradi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        273 - Effect of Terminal Drought Stress on Seed Yield and Its Components of Rapeseed Cultivars
        Peyman Davami Mojtaba Alavi Fazel Davood Habibi Afshin Mozaffari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        274 - Evaluation of Combined Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Vermicompost on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Wheat Verities in Amareh Region (Southern Iraq)
        Ahmad Mahisan Davood Almaleki Saeed Zakernejad
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        275 - تاثیر استفاده از سوپر جاذب، بر عملکرد و اجزا عملکرد ذرت دانه ای سینگل کراس 704 در شرایط آب و هوایی لرستان
        یدالله یوسفی فرد علی عصاره منوچهر کلهر
        کمبودآبیکیازمهمترینمشکلاتیاستکهدرمناطقخشکو نیمه خشکبهوفورتجربهمی شود.کمبودآب بهعنوانفاکتوریمحدودکننده،رشدوتوسعه یپوششگیاهیدراینمناطق رابامحدودیتروبرومی سازد. با توجه به اینکه ایران کشوری کم آب و خشک است، استفاده از راهکارهایی جهت کاهش مصرف آب و استفاده بهینه از مقدار آب More
        کمبودآبیکیازمهمترینمشکلاتیاستکهدرمناطقخشکو نیمه خشکبهوفورتجربهمی شود.کمبودآب بهعنوانفاکتوریمحدودکننده،رشدوتوسعه یپوششگیاهیدراینمناطق رابامحدودیتروبرومی سازد. با توجه به اینکه ایران کشوری کم آب و خشک است، استفاده از راهکارهایی جهت کاهش مصرف آب و استفاده بهینه از مقدار آب موجود، راه حل بسیاری از مشکلات خواهد بود. یکی از این &nbsp;راه کارها، استفاده از مواد سوپر جاذب جهت افزایش جذب و نگهداری آب است. در این تحقیق، تاثیر سوپر جاذب استاکوزورب بر حجم آب قابل مصرف برای یک دوره رشد، کارآیی مصرف آب و عملکرد دانه و اجزای عملکرد ذرت دانه سینگل کراس 704 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایشی، شامل آبیاری کامل بر اساس عرف منطقه (1T )، تیمار کم آبیاری با مصرف75درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (2&nbsp; T) ، تیمار کم آبیاری به همراه مصرف سوپر جاذب (3(T و تیمار کم آبیاری به همراه مصرف سوپر جاذب و محلول پاشی سولو پتاس( 4&nbsp;T) بود.در اعمال سطوح آبیاری، آبیاری برای تیمار شاهد، هنگامی صورت گرفت که 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی تخلیه شده باشد. برای اعمال تیمار‌های کم آبیاری، تخلیه 75 درصد رطوبت FC مبنای کم آبیاری قرار گرفت. نتایج این مطاله نشان داد که استفاده از سوپر جاذب استاکوزورب بر عملکرد دانه، ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد ردیف دانه در بلال، عملکرد بیولوژیک و وزن هزار دانه در سطح 5 درصد معنی دار می باشد. همچنین بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب، مربوط به تیمار 4 T و کمترین کارآیی مصرف آب، مربوط به تیمار 1 T می باشد. &nbsp;این نتایج&nbsp; نشان دهنده آن است که در صورت استفاده از پلیمر‌های سوپر جاذب، علاوه بر افزایش عملکرد محصول، کارآیی مصرف آب نیز افزایش پیدا می کند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        276 - Categorization of new product development using content analysis
        Hasan Dehghan Dehnavi Mohammad Nasirian
        Many manufacturers are confronted with the challenge of successfully implementing their new product development process. This challenge is generally normal, but there is no definite answer. Because every industrial cluster, every market, every production system, every s More
        Many manufacturers are confronted with the challenge of successfully implementing their new product development process. This challenge is generally normal, but there is no definite answer. Because every industrial cluster, every market, every production system, every society and every level has its own particular conditions. Therefore, a specific pattern should be considered for each production set, and perhaps for each unique company. These patterns can be similar in nature and type of elements, but they are completely different in terms of the quality of elements and function. For this purpose, in this paper, the results of identifying the components of new product development, especially in the food industry of Fars province, are presented. This research is a qualitative research of content analysis that initially extracted the measures in the process of development of the new product through comprehensive literature review and then was evaluated and corrected based on the opinion of 11 experts in the form of semi-directed interviews.Then, in a six-step process, content analysis was analyzed using the MAXQDA software using a categorization approach. The results show that the four main factors affecting the development of new products in the food industry are: technical development, conceptual development, market development and resource development. These four components are derived from 13 sub-components, 34 selective codes and finally 73 primary codes. Accordingly, it is recommended that any kind of product development in the food industry of the province, taking into account all aspects of this complex, is made. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        277 - Provide a model for the success of investment in small and medium industries using Structural-Interpretive Modeling (ISM) Approach
        Hoseyn Vafaeibasir Mansour Esmaeilpour Masoumeh Ahmadishoja Hossein Jafari Mozhgan Akbari
        10.30495/imj.2022.1940908.1693
        The aim of this study is to identify the factors and provide a pattern that can lead to successful investment in small and medium industries and show a way for industrial entrepreneurs to enter this important economic field with more awareness. This research is a qualit More
        The aim of this study is to identify the factors and provide a pattern that can lead to successful investment in small and medium industries and show a way for industrial entrepreneurs to enter this important economic field with more awareness. This research is a qualitative research based on interviews with 15 industrial experts in the public and private sectors. After conducting interviews and initial coding using content analysis, out of 215 initial codes, 5 main categories of specific research Using the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) approach, these categories were classified at different levels and the relationships between them were revealed. The results showed that 5 general groups of factors including: managerial factors, entrepreneur-related factors, production-related factors, market factors and environmental factors are involved in the success of small and medium industries, which according to the entrepreneur-related factors research model in the lowest Surface is in fact the cornerstone of the model and environmental factors play an intermediate role between the three levels of the model. This research will help small and medium industry managers to think of better measures to reduce investment risk and pave the way for growth. Industrial and increase employment in the country smoother. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        278 - Designing Agile Business Intelligence Model Using Thematic Analysis and Fuzzy Approach in ICT Holding
        ehsan afsari jalal haghighatmonfared tahmoores sohrabi
        Abstract :In the third millennium, information and knowledge have become the core wealth of organizations , and businesses and manufacturing units are seeking to take advantage of this wealth to make the most of their critical decisions in today ' s dynamic environment More
        Abstract :In the third millennium, information and knowledge have become the core wealth of organizations , and businesses and manufacturing units are seeking to take advantage of this wealth to make the most of their critical decisions in today ' s dynamic environment . With the use of information and communication technology in all aspects of business , organizational systems and software have shaped the business context and become a new repository for organizational data . One of these tools is effective in the decision making process of any agile business intelligence organization. In this research , after reviewing the literature on the subject and extracting codes, basic themes and structured themes , using the focus group approach with experts and experts , Effective in designing the agile business intelligence model identified , then the final model was developed using fuzzy Victor technique in Information and Communications Technologyholding . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        279 - Guidelines for indexes of project selection by content analysis approach
        Abdolmehdi Salehizadeh Jaffar Mahmudi
        Defining and selection of the Indexes for Weighting and prioritization of projects is one of the main challenge of project portfolio management. These indexes play critical role in final results of project portfolio management and are based on business of organization t More
        Defining and selection of the Indexes for Weighting and prioritization of projects is one of the main challenge of project portfolio management. These indexes play critical role in final results of project portfolio management and are based on business of organization therefore we can't propose indexes generally for all organizations but we can define some criteria that meet the all project portfolio management goals. Many indexes have been proposed by researchers that can be selected but we need guideline for selection of them. In this research first we collected indexes from standard of ppm, approved researches and interview with expert and managers of portfolio then by content analysis approach we generate guidelines to support project portfolio goals and we can use them for selection of indexes. The results of this research can be used for all of project oriented organization that must select best project based on available resources . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        280 - Presenting Content Marketing Model Based on Grounded Theory (Case Study: Fars Province Tourism Industry)
        mahmood maarefi hooshang asadollah esmaeil hasanpour qorughchi
        Content marketing is a strategic approach to marketing that focused on producing and disseminating valuable content. A business can be introduced to them at a low cost by sharing useful information about the products and the business services through this method, but ch More
        Content marketing is a strategic approach to marketing that focused on producing and disseminating valuable content. A business can be introduced to them at a low cost by sharing useful information about the products and the business services through this method, but challenges such as lack of knowledge as well as a suitable content marketing model caused this method doesn't have its real place. In this article, an attempt has been made to provide a framework to review content marketing topics. A topic that few official sources have addressed so far. The main purpose of this article is to provide a reasonable and valid framework based on the Foundation's data theory for content marketing with the aim of studying the Fars tourism industry. At first, the necessary information about content marketing is obtained through interviews. After producing open, central and selective coding, the content marketing process pattern is presented. Then, in order to check the accuracy of the model obtained from the Foundation's data theory, the proposed model is examined by using the main criteria for evaluating the Foundation's data model, including: adaptation, comprehensibility, generalizability, control level, theory evaluation and research process evaluation. Based on the obtained results, the proposed model has been able to meet expectations in all criteria. According to the obtained results, the proposed model can also be extended to other manufacturing and service businesses. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        281 - Antecedents and Consequences of the Knowledge Management System in the West Red Crescent Organization
        Edris moradi kumars ahmadi Adel Salavati
        10.30495/imj.2021.683209
        In recent years, Knowledge management has become an important issue. Knowledge management is the most tool for the development of organization and every organization should be able to quickly find the basic and new method of knowledge management and apply them. The purp More
        In recent years, Knowledge management has become an important issue. Knowledge management is the most tool for the development of organization and every organization should be able to quickly find the basic and new method of knowledge management and apply them. The purpose of this research is to identify and investigate the antecedents and consequences of knowledge management in the western Red Crescent organizations. This research is an applied-developmental and qualitative- quantitative research in nature. The statistical population consisted of managers and assistants of Red Crescent organizations who were interviewed using a purposive and snowball sampling method, which according to the principle of the adequacy of data, 16 individuals were interviewed. The analytical method is the content analysis. Delphi method was used to confirm the extracted model and confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the relationships between them. Antecedent is include: Organizational Internal and External Collaboration, organizational managers' thinking and decisions, create the motivation in organization, empowering members, specializing and consequence is include: task factors, extra duty factors, value factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        282 - Investigating the Level of Attention Paid to the Components of Educational Law in Social Studies Textbooks of the Second Grade of Elementary School
        Fatemeh Javanmard Sedigheh GHoltash مهدی سپهری نیا
        10.30495/ee.2022.1960491.1098
        Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of attention paid to the components of educational law in social studies textbooks of the second grade of elementary school. The research method was quantitative content analysis and the unit of analys More
        Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of attention paid to the components of educational law in social studies textbooks of the second grade of elementary school. The research method was quantitative content analysis and the unit of analysis was text, exercise and image. In this study, the components of educational rights include the right of access to education, the component of the right to access quality education and the component of respect for human rights. Research Methodology: The statistical population is the social studies textbooks of the second grade of elementary school and the sample size was considered equal to the statistical population. Descriptive statistics index was used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the components of children's educational rights have been considered 42 times in the fourth grade social studies textbook, in the fifth grade 38 times and in the sixth grade 37 times. In the social studies textbook of the fourth grade, the most important component was the "right to quality education" with twenty-five times of repetition. In the fifth grade social studies textbook, the most important component was the "respect for human rights in education" component with twenty-six times of repetition. In the sixth grade social studies textbook, the most important component was the "respect for human rights in education" component with twenty-five times of repetition. Exploratory factor analysis, and the one-sample t-test), as well as SPSS and LISREL software were utilized. Findings: &nbsp;The results demonstrated that the school elements in creating social capital in students consisted of teachers (0.51), education (0.53), the curriculum (0.58), school principals (0.40), educational staff, and the school environment (0.51). In addition, the constituents of the students&rsquo; social capital included cognitive, communicational, and structural capitals. In this article extracted from the mentioned research, the &lsquo;curriculum&rsquo; was addressed as the most influential factor, among school elements, in creating social capital in students. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        283 - Rethinking the content of teaching life skills in the Islamic approach (Case study: Islamic education specialists)
        farhad habibi Siros Asadian Sadegh Maleki Avarsin
        10.30495/ee.2023.1982938.1163
        Introduction: By implementing real and necessary skills derived from divine teachings, a peaceful life can be provided for anxious modern men. This study was conducted with the aim of rethinking the content of the life skills curriculum by Islamic education specialists More
        Introduction: By implementing real and necessary skills derived from divine teachings, a peaceful life can be provided for anxious modern men. This study was conducted with the aim of rethinking the content of the life skills curriculum by Islamic education specialists for sixth grade students. research methodology: The current research is based on the use of a mixed method, including qualitative (conventional content analysis) and quantitative methods. The participants in the qualitative part were specialists in Islamic education, and the sample size was obtained through the snowball method with the participation of 17 people with the theoretical saturation of information. The second statistical population was comprised of 33 curriculum specialists who were selected through the Cochran formula. The opinion of the first group was received through a deep, semi-structured interview, and then the data was summarized and analyzed in three stages of coding. In the second group, information was gathered with a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software with the one-sample t method. The quantitative validity was obtained in the form of face validity, and the reliability coefficient was found using Cronbach's method. At the end, the relevant designed model was approved and validated by specialists. Findings: A desirable model of Islamic life skills curriculum content with 18 main and central categories was obtained. Conclusion: The content should be provided for every student based on all dimensions of human existence, the realities of the living environment (differences, cultural and religious conditions), in order to create and strengthen national unity, with the help of local and oral literature and in a practical way instead of merely non-functional theoretical skills and with a balanced view of this world and the hereafter, with an artistic and aesthetic approach. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        284 - Comparison of family typology in process and content models in families with high and low resilience
        fateme darenjani shirazi nadereh sohrabi Mahboobeh Chin Aveh
        The aim of this study was to compare family typology in process and content model in families with high and low resilience. The method of the present study is descriptive survey and the statistical population of the present study includes; 6000 thousand parents of middl More
        The aim of this study was to compare family typology in process and content model in families with high and low resilience. The method of the present study is descriptive survey and the statistical population of the present study includes; 6000 thousand parents of middle school students living in Shiraz in 1398. The sample size was 361 people who were selected by available methods. The instruments of the present study were process and content scales of Samani family (2008) and resilience of Sikbi family (2005). The validity of the questionnaire in the present study was calculated using the correlation coefficients of each question with the total score and showed that all questions have a significant correlation with the total score. Also, the reliability of the questionnaires in the present study using Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the family process self-report scale was 0.66, the family content self-report scale was 0.86 and for the family resilience was 0.95. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Chi-square and SPSS 23 software. Findings showed that there is a significant difference between family species and families with high and low resilience. Also, among the process and content subscales, in healthy and unhealthy families, problem content and problem coping problem have the highest average value and living space has the lowest average value. Therefore, it is suggested that due to the teachability of family process factors by educating families about these factors, a valuable step was taken to reduce family problems and naturally increase parental resilience. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        285 - signs of innovatoin in iraj mirza s' poetry
        niusha doorandish Esmat Khoeini
        10.30495/farsij.2022.1907937.1370
        Iranian literature underwent a fundamental change during the constitutional period, which is known as the literary revolution. Persian poetry, moving away from its classical traditions and rules, moved on the path of modernity. Iraj Mirza is one of the most influential More
        Iranian literature underwent a fundamental change during the constitutional period, which is known as the literary revolution. Persian poetry, moving away from its classical traditions and rules, moved on the path of modernity. Iraj Mirza is one of the most influential poets. This is the period. His poetry is changing at this stage, both in terms of content and in terms of formal and linguistic structures. In addition to accepting new political, social and cultural themes, his works include new linguistic features and literary arrays. It is fresh and creative. The most important and most innovative innovations of Iraj Mirza are in the language of his poetry; He has accurately reflected the slang language of the age as well as new Persian and French words in his poetry, which has been very rare in Persian poetry before. The volume of modernities and linguistic and literary innovations of Iraj is so vast that he can be considered the most innovative constitutional poet in this respect.The present article examines the aspects of innovation and creativity in Iraj Mirza's poetry with a form-based stylistic approach; First, he examines the most important manifestations of modernity in the language of his poems in detail, then he identifies and introduces the new content and new literary industries of his poetry with a brief look. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        286 - Examining the Indicators of Lyrical Literature in the Ritual Poems of Malek Osh-Shoarai Bahar
        Shabnam Karimshahi Malayeri reza sadeghi shahpar Hojatolah Ghmoniri
        Predominance of the poet&rsquo;s emotions has made Ritual poetry one of the most significant types of lyrical literature; accordingly, most of the form and content indicators of lyrical literature are used in its substance. This research aims to investigate and explain More
        Predominance of the poet&rsquo;s emotions has made Ritual poetry one of the most significant types of lyrical literature; accordingly, most of the form and content indicators of lyrical literature are used in its substance. This research aims to investigate and explain the reflection of the features of lyrical literature in the ritual poems of Persian Constitutional era - a case study of the ritual poems of Malek Osh-Shoarai Bahar. Bahar, one of the most prominent poets of the Constitutional period and the poet laureate of Astan Quds Razavi, had a long career in composing religious poems, especially in lamentation of the Prophet and the infallible Imams. He portrayed the true face of the Holy figures with an imagination full of emotion and feeling, and described them in the mirror of poetry via a lyrical language. The current research is conducted with a descriptive analytical approach using library research method, and seeks to examine the quantity and quality of the features of lyrical literature in the ritual poetry of Malek Osh-Shoarai Bahar in order to show their frequency and prominence. The result of the research shows that the content indicators such as description, pessimistic view of the times, reference to religious holidays and the birth of the Holy figures, etc. in Bahar&#039;s poetry originate from the poet&#039;s emotion (sorrow and happiness), and have been shown in the rhetorical structure (formal indicators) through simile and metaphor, as well as in the lyrical language of the poems through alliteration and lyrical music. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        287 - A comparative investigation into the features of postmodernism in the stories “Tafriq-e-khak” and “dastan-e-viran” by Abutorab Khosravi
        Saeed Hessampour Samin kamali
        Post-modernism is one of the modern actions in the Persian literature which it is so considered in the narrative literature in a particular way and different works have been created with a post&ndash;modernist approach recently. One of the authors who has been affected More
        Post-modernism is one of the modern actions in the Persian literature which it is so considered in the narrative literature in a particular way and different works have been created with a post&ndash;modernist approach recently. One of the authors who has been affected much more by this action in his short stories is Abootorab khosravi. In this essay, it has been tried to compare and analyze the state of using some of the most important methods of post&ndash;modernism in two stories &ldquo;tafriq-e- khak&rdquo; and &ldquo;dastan-e-viran&rdquo; from this author&rsquo;s recent collection. For this reason, a brief has been brought from both two narrations at the beginning, then the used methods in each one have been investigated and; consequently, function of these methods has been evaluated with each other. Findings of the study showed that &ldquo;tafriq-e-khak&rdquo; story has embossed ontological content as the prominent element of postmodern texts by putting &ldquo;existence&rdquo; as the pivotal topic; whereas &ldquo;dastan-e-viran&rdquo; has benefited mostly from nominal methods; specially short circuit&nbsp; and consequently attracted the reader to the meta-fictional basis of the work. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        288 - Therapy, Different Function for poetry
        Shabnam Hatampour
        Poetry is seven arts and critics always notice position aesthetics. Man in current age both request's visual interest and mental pleasure of art both expects scientific approach of that. In the field of poetry, therapy, is greatest scientific achievements of literature More
        Poetry is seven arts and critics always notice position aesthetics. Man in current age both request's visual interest and mental pleasure of art both expects scientific approach of that. In the field of poetry, therapy, is greatest scientific achievements of literature in the new era. Poetry therapy begin as new treatment for depressed patients in America, and find benefit results. Statistical society is 30 person of adult's that joined in 8 session selection of poems fare mindfully contents challenge. After doing pretest and posttest determine that: 1- depress men and women express effective behavior than poem. 2- Poem with themes challenge can d&eacute;tente out of depress individuals. 3- Men than women express better reaction than therapy with poem. 4- Poem avgmentsoptimism of men and women. It seems that more research about content of Persian poem that ability to therapy, introduction this therapy and proposed species in world and that institutionalize in health care centers of country. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        289 - Human, Struggle and Love in Sherko Bikas and Ahmad Shamloue's Poetry
        Omid Varzandeh Mozhgan Vafaei
        Content analysis is one of the different approaches of literary criticism for reading and criticizing literary texts around us.&nbsp; Content analysis is a method for discovering and understanding thoughts, themes and governing world of a text, or different texts. Troug More
        Content analysis is one of the different approaches of literary criticism for reading and criticizing literary texts around us.&nbsp; Content analysis is a method for discovering and understanding thoughts, themes and governing world of a text, or different texts. Trough this approach the covered and uncovered content of a literary text is studies in a systematic way. Using the available sources and analyzing their content is the research method for this study. This paper tries to study the main themes or motifs of Human, Struggle and Love in Shirko Bikas, Kurdish- Iraqi poet, and Ahmad Shamlou, Iranian Poet. The content analysis of their poetry shows common world, concerns and thoughts in their poetry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        290 - A Book Review and Critical Study on Bahr al-Ferasat
        Nayer Vafaei Ali Mohammad Sajjadi Jalil Tajlil Esmaeil HakemiVala
        Bahr al- Ferasat book is one of the valuable and unknown literary works of Obeid Allah KhishkiCheshti whom is one of the Persian Arifs and Language writers from Indian subcontinent&nbsp; &nbsp;in eleventh Century of Hijri. This book is one of his prose literary works w More
        Bahr al- Ferasat book is one of the valuable and unknown literary works of Obeid Allah KhishkiCheshti whom is one of the Persian Arifs and Language writers from Indian subcontinent&nbsp; &nbsp;in eleventh Century of Hijri. This book is one of his prose literary works which explains and interpret poems of KhajehShirazi .The manuscript of this work is edited by the writer of this article thus with the perusals done on this manuscript, we tried to inspect the advantages and disadvantages of that, so this investigation is aimed to inspect in content Criticism way with this aim the first privileges and beauties with showing evidence from the text of the book, mentioned and then defects that. In all things wherever is necessary we explained other details existed in Divan of Hafiz. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        291 - Identifying and prioritizing the effective components on staff training in Gol Gohar Sirjan Company
        SAEED FARHADI AFSHAR Alireza Fathizadeh mahdieh Sadeghi Goghari
        The present study aims to "identify and prioritize the components affecting staff training in Sirjan Gol Gohar Company. " done. The statistical population of this research includes all experts, managers and experts in the field of staff training. The sample size of the More
        The present study aims to "identify and prioritize the components affecting staff training in Sirjan Gol Gohar Company. " done. The statistical population of this research includes all experts, managers and experts in the field of staff training. The sample size of the study was 13 experts, managers and experts in the field of staff training. This sampling continued until theoretical saturation, which indicates the validity of qualitative research. This research is of mixed type with exploratory design and the method of content analysis and TOPSIS has been used. And consists of three main parts. The first part deals with the development of theoretical foundations in which the method of qualitative library research and study of documents was used as the most appropriate method. In the second part, content analysis and interviews with experts were performed using the qualitative research method. In the third part, using TOPSIS software, the components affecting the training of employees in Gol Gohar Sirjan Company were prioritized. In conclusion, based on the research results, some suggestions have been presented that can be used by the officials and executives of Gol Gohar Sirjan Company. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        292 - Analyzing the components of brand positioning in the minds of Muslim consumers
        moslem rezaie Seyyed Hassan Hataminasab shahnaz nayebzadeh
        Purpose: The increasing number of Muslims and the need to adapt and match the products with the preferences of Muslim consumers, requires the identification of brand positioning components for this type of consumers, which has not been studied in this important issue by More
        Purpose: The increasing number of Muslims and the need to adapt and match the products with the preferences of Muslim consumers, requires the identification of brand positioning components for this type of consumers, which has not been studied in this important issue by reviewing the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the components of brand positioning in the minds of Muslim consumers. Methodology: This research is based on the purpose of applied and descriptive research, and according to the implementation method for searching and selecting scientific articles, a systematic review of the research literature was considered and the components were extracted with the technique of qualitative content analysis. All articles related to brand positioning and branding for Muslim consumers were searched, collected and qualitatively evaluated from the Scopus citation database and Google Scholar. Finally, 17 articles were qualitatively analyzed using Max Qda software. Findings: The findings of this research show that the components of price, quality, service, consumer preferences, distribution channel and sources of competitive advantage of the company have been studied as components of brand positioning in the minds of Muslim consumers in the research literature. Conclusion: The components of brand positioning should be adapted and appropriate according to the level of commitment and dependence of Muslim consumers of each country and region to Islam. be more focused. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        293 - Review of the Content of the book Mathematics 1, the ‎‎10th Grade of Senior Secondary School Based on ‎Gilford's Creativity Model
        Mahtab Eskandari HamidReza Reza zadeh bahadoran
        Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to review the contents of the mathematical &lrm;book (1) of the 10th grade of the second grade secondary school based on the model of &lrm;Gilford's creativity. &lrm; Method: The research method in this research is content More
        Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to review the contents of the mathematical &lrm;book (1) of the 10th grade of the second grade secondary school based on the model of &lrm;Gilford's creativity. &lrm; Method: The research method in this research is content and applied analysis. The &lrm;statistical population of this study is the content of the mathematical textbook (1) of the &lrm;tenth grade of the senior secondary school in the academic year 1966-95. The sample size &lrm;is equal to the size of the statistical population. The tool of this research is a researched &lrm;content analysis form based on the model of Gilford's creativity factors. To analyze the &lrm;content of the mathematical textbook (1), the 10th grade of the second grade secondary &lrm;school is based on a coding scheme. This is done in three steps. In the first step, the &lrm;content of the book is divided into three parts (class work, activities and exercises); in the &lrm;second stage, all units in all sections with the desired class are matched in terms of &lrm;Gilford's indicators of creativity and recorded in the relevant tables; and in the third stage, &lrm;the units that were at the high level of Guildford's creativity were identified and counted. &lrm; Findings: The results showed that the textbook (1) is based on the 10th Second Grade &lrm;Secondary level emphasizes the level of cognitive memory and thinking and converts to &lrm;thinking Divergent and evaluative thinking is at a weak level. The results showed that in &lrm;the context of the mathematical textbook (1), the tenth grade of the second grade &lrm;secondary School is not a good balance between the various levels of Gilford's creativity, &lrm;and it is necessary to think in this area.&lrm; Keywords: Content analysis, Content, Creativity, Gilford creativity factors.&lrm; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        294 - entifying the dimensions, components and indicators of creativity and initiative to evaluate the research performance of the faculty members of the Islamic Azad University Tehran
        َAmir Khalili Fereshteh Kordestani Yalda Delgoshaei Ali Hosseini khah
        Objective: The aim of this study was to identify, explain the dimensions, components and indicators of research performance of faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran.Method: The research was conducted with a qualitative approach, using content analysis More
        Objective: The aim of this study was to identify, explain the dimensions, components and indicators of research performance of faculty members of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran.Method: The research was conducted with a qualitative approach, using content analysis method. Purposeful sampling, and interviews with experts continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. To determine the logical framework of the data, the steps of identification, note-taking and classification of concepts were performed. Categories were reviewed and duplicates were deleted, similar items were merged, and subject dimensions were identified and leveled. Data analysis method was performed by thematic analysis technique of open, axial and selective coding. Then, in order to assess the validity of the model, an agreement was reached with ten faculty experts in the form of a focus group on the dimensions, components and indicators of the model.Results: The results showed that the extracted model has 9 dimensions, 25 components and 80 indicators to evaluate the research performance of faculty members. The results showed that the indicators of creativity, initiative and innovation are among the components and characteristics of personality and are in the individual dimension.Conclusion: The proposed model can be desirable in evaluating the research performance of faculty members of the Islamic Azad University and eliminating possible problems and obstacles and promoting its creativity and initiative Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        295 - Designing and validation of creativity training program for preschool children
        Marjan Alsadat Ghazizadeh Fard khadijeh aboalmaali hayede saberi Hossein Ebrahimi Moghaddam
        Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the creativity training program for preschool children.Method: The research method was qualitative with a content analysis approach. The community included specialized texts in the fiel More
        Purpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the creativity training program for preschool children.Method: The research method was qualitative with a content analysis approach. The community included specialized texts in the field of creativity education in Farsi and English in the last 10 years (1400-1390 and 2011-2021) and were also experts in the field of creativity. Out of 100 extracted articles, 50 articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. 7 experts (until saturation) were selected and interviewed in a targeted way. Open and axial coding was used for data analysis. Experts were used to validate the proposed training program.Findings: A total of 520 basic codes were extracted from articles and interviews. Then these codes are included in higher level codes such as: children's participation in designing and changing the space and layout of the classroom, interacting with other children, presenting children's skills with the help of expression techniques, performing arts, music-based skills training, creative performances, photography, poetry reading, skills Physical-motor, the role of peers in the exchange of information in order to solve the problem and other cases were classified. Based on the identified codes, a creativity training program was developed for preschool children.Conclusion: The creativity training program can encourage preschool children to stimulate the world and the interrelationship of its constituent elements with flexibility, imagination and problem solving skills. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        296 - Content analysis of science textbook based on Guilford’s creativity factors
        Layla Salimi Ali Reza Assareh
        &nbsp; Background: The present research entitled &ldquo;content analysis of science textbook based on Guilford&rsquo;s creativity factors". Analyzing the content of science textbooks could have an important role to enhance the content and pupils' creativity levels respe More
        &nbsp; Background: The present research entitled &ldquo;content analysis of science textbook based on Guilford&rsquo;s creativity factors". Analyzing the content of science textbooks could have an important role to enhance the content and pupils' creativity levels respectably. Method: The research method is descriptive and a content analysis type. The statistical society of this research included a second guidance year experimental science textbook in the academic year of 1389-90. The sample volume is equal with statistical society. Instrument of this research is a researcher made form of content analysis depending on Guilford&rsquo;s creativity factors. To analyze the content of second guidance year experimental science textbook a coding schema has been used. This work was conducted in three stages, in the first stage, the book was divided into four parts (text, assignments and activity, images and tables). In the second stage all units in all parts of the desired class were matched with Guilford&rsquo;s creativity parameters and were recorded in related tables. In the third stage, those units which were in the high level of Guilford&rsquo;s creativity factors were identified and counted. Validity of research tools based on education expert opinion was notable and reliability tools based on Holsty formula and 93% was calculated. Data using descriptive statistics (including frequency and percentage) were analyzed. Purpose: The most important issue in educating the creative children is making use of appropriate teaching contents. Result (s): The results showed that the second guidance year experimental science textbook focus too much on the level of cognitive memory and convergent thinking and has poor attention on divergent and evaluation thinking. Conclusion: The results indicates the point that in content of second guidance year experimental science textbook, There is no appropriate balance between different levels of Guilford&rsquo;s creativity. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        297 - Content analysis of science books help cycle the creative process and the principles of Plesk
        Ali Reza Assareh Gholam Ali Ahmadi Samieh Shahmir
        &nbsp; Background: The main problem in teaching children creative use of educational contents and the various methods of problem finding, creativity and thought and science textbooks, including a significant role in building creative skills, and content development for More
        &nbsp; Background: The main problem in teaching children creative use of educational contents and the various methods of problem finding, creativity and thought and science textbooks, including a significant role in building creative skills, and content development for fostering creativity. Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to analyze the contents of the junior high school (secondary education) empirical sciences tent-books from the Plesk teaching creativity model perspective. Method: The research method is descriptive research and content analysis type. The statistical society was secondary education empirical sciences text-books in the academic year of 2010-2011. The sample size was selected equal to the society size. The research tool was the content analysis form with regard to Plseks teaching creativity model. Result (s): The secondary science text-books we can see that the total 1389 units sciences Books secondary932, passive components and 457 there is an active unit of 457 active unit,143 the first principle of (the attention) and 314 of the second principle (the escape) are consistent with the pattern of creative education the third principle is generally neglected. Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that the degree of involvement in the parameters of Plseks creativity model in the empirical sciences text-books in all the three courses or programs of secondary education was very low. Accordingly, the contents do not conform to the Plesk creativity principles and hardly can be effective in generating and fostering creativity in learners. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        298 - Conceptualization and Design of a Digital Content Marketing Model Using Structural Equation Approach
        Kamran Feizi Hormoz Mehrani Hossein Vazifehdust Ehsan Sadeh
        Conceptualization and Design of a Digital Content Marketing Model Using Structural Equation Approach Abstract Content marketing refers to the importance of valuable and relevant content in the marketing process. On the other hand, the growth and development of media More
        Conceptualization and Design of a Digital Content Marketing Model Using Structural Equation Approach Abstract Content marketing refers to the importance of valuable and relevant content in the marketing process. On the other hand, the growth and development of media and digital tools and the growing trend of their use have doubled the importance of paying attention to digital marketing tools and caused the emergence of a new topic called digital content marketing. The research presented the fit of the digital content marketing model to the economic, social, political, and cultural conditions of Iran. This research is practical in terms of purpose, and the researcher has used a quantitative method. The sampling method was a simple random method, according to Cochran&#039;s formula. The sample included 384 users of Digikala&#039;s Instagram page, which initially defined hypotheses and collected the necessary information through a 5-point Likert questionnaire. To measure the results of the research, the method of measuring structural validity and the method of modeling structural equations were used to test the hypotheses of the research, and with the help of SmartPLS.3 software, factor analysis of the dimensions of the research was also performed. After conducting the necessary analysis, it was found that there is a significant relationship between the variables discovered in the digital content marketing model, and the existing assumptions were confirmed. This result shows that the obtained model can be used in digital content marketing. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        299 - Effects of different harvesting times on the yield and protein content of Bami alfalfa under micronutrient foliar application in Kerman region
        Hojjat Safari Kamal Abadi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        300 - Content analysis of food industries marketing by focus on new trends
        Sara Rezaei
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        301 - Designing the Pattern of Administering Reform Policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran`s Administrative System
        Shabnam Vaziri Sanjar Salajegheh Farzaneh Beigzadeh Masoud Pourkiani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        302 - The effect of modernity on modernization of Persian (Iranian) Poetry in 1950s and 1960s
        Golnar Yaghmaei Sayed Mohammad Bagher Kamaladdini mahmoud sadeghzadeh
        &nbsp; &nbsp;(Surveying the Mashruteh Literature (the literature produced after the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1950s) and the influence of the Western civilization, the present study investigates the characteristics of Persian poetry in terms of form and conte More
        &nbsp; &nbsp;(Surveying the Mashruteh Literature (the literature produced after the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1950s) and the influence of the Western civilization, the present study investigates the characteristics of Persian poetry in terms of form and content in 1950s and 1960s. The literature of the period is characterized by deconstructing the archaic poetic patterns and meters while preserving the notion of meter and rhyming words followed by French symbolism, by symbolic adaptation of socio-political themes, by emphasizing the ambiguous aspects of the language by the emergence of free verse and. Moreover, the emergence of guerrilla poetry, the popularization of a hallucinatory language and far-fetched concepts in poetry and the revival of the Islamic identity particularly in 1950s are what define poetry of the period. Modernism has influence the poetry of the period directly (through familiarization with the Western literature) and indirectly (through forming various social classes and sectors, cultural movements and the interaction between them). The debates among the advocates of the classic forms and the supporters of the &ldquo;new poetry,&rdquo; the divergences between &ldquo;new wave&rdquo; poets and &ldquo;new poetry&rdquo; movement are reflective of theemergence of newly-formed sections and cultural movements that were all either the fruit of modernism or activated as the result of it.) Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        303 - Comparison of different cultivars of Sugar beet infection to Lixusincanescens (Col.: Curculionidae) in Joghatay
        isa jabaleh Reza Khodashahi Sadegh Baghban Khalilabad
        In this study, the effect of Lixusincanescens on five sugar beet cultivars on five sugar beet cultivars (Shkoofa, Flores, SyRobustus, Silvetta and HilleshogMonatunno) in the year 2019-2020. Sampling was performed every 8days from early July to mid-September. At each dat More
        In this study, the effect of Lixusincanescens on five sugar beet cultivars on five sugar beet cultivars (Shkoofa, Flores, SyRobustus, Silvetta and HilleshogMonatunno) in the year 2019-2020. Sampling was performed every 8days from early July to mid-September. At each date, the experimental sample of larval damage on the petiole, the number of eggs and larvae were counted, and at the end of the experiment, the yield and sugar titer were analyzed. The results showed, the significant difference between larval damage on the petiole, the number of eggs and larvae, yield and sugar grade result on the studied cultivars at the level of five times the probability of meaning. The lowest larval damage index on petiole was in Shokof (2.5) and Silvetta (2.5), and the highest in Monatunno (6.25) and Flores (5.5); The lowest number of eggs per plant in Shokofa (2.25) and Silvetta (3.25) and the highest in Monatunno (5.25) and Flores (5) The lowest number of larvae in Shokofa (1.75) and Silvetta (75/75) and the highest was observed in Monatunno (6.25) and Flores (5) cultivars. The highest density of eggs and larvae was observed in the sixth (August 11) and seventh (August 19) sampling. The highest yield and sugar content were observed in Shokofa and Silvetta cultivars and the lowest in Monatunno and SyRobustus cultivars. The results of this experiment can indicate that Shkoofa and Silota dances can be the best option in virus management due to the least amount of petiole damage, egg and larval density. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        304 - Pattern of Managing the Challenges of Thesis Writing in the Educational-Research Field
        Abbas Zabihifard MahboubeSadat Fadavi Narges Saeidian
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        305 - Challenges of higher education in curriculum content based on educational justice
        Mahboobe Seyedi Farzaneh Vasefian Mehdi Keshavarzi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        306 - Presenting Research-oriented Curriculum Pattern for Preschool Period (Case Study: Tehran)
        Parisa Arjomandi Hamidreza Rezazadeh Bahadoran Alireza Assareh Abbas Khorshidi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        307 - Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Emergentism: Making the Case for the Philosophical and the Aesthetic
        Rouhollah Aghasaleh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        308 - Providing a Branding Model for a Selection of Sports Products
        Marjan Mirjalili Zahra Hajianzehae Ali Zarei Farideh Ashraf Ganjouei
        10.30495/ijtnbm.2023.1992760.1023
        Despite the high capacity of sport products market and the considerable productive potential in Iran, activists have not achieved much success in this field. One of the main challenges of this industry is the weakness in branding and marketing products because there is More
        Despite the high capacity of sport products market and the considerable productive potential in Iran, activists have not achieved much success in this field. One of the main challenges of this industry is the weakness in branding and marketing products because there is no capital more efficient than a powerful name. In the first phase of this research, the indexes of several articles focusing on branding were obtained in authentic sources, and then the index extraction was completed through semi-structured interviews with branding and sports products experts. In the second phase, in order to investigate the appropriateness of the extracted indicators with the local conditions of the country and the field of Irani an sports brands, The Fuzzy Delphi method was used and a questionnaire was given to academic and industry experts to determine that the indicators are appropriate to the field. In the third phase, using the data-based method, a paradigm model for branding sports products was developed. This model has been evaluated by the structural equation modeling method with PLS approach. The data analysis revealed that the final model comprised a set of phenomenon-based indicators, intervening factors in branding, causal and influential factors, contextual factors, strategies and the consequences. In this study, several categories were achieved in the branding of sports products field, to which paying attention will culminate in the ultimate goal of branding Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        309 - Methodology of theme analysis in determining metrics and indicators of criticality of urban infrastructures based on intrinsic value
        Gholam reza hossein ali beyki abbas akbarpour nik ghalb rashti seyed azim hosseini hamid Reza abasian jahromi
        Introduction of the research: The countries of the world that are on the path of progress pay special attention to infrastructures in national dimensions in order to maintain their performance and capabilities. Maintaining the performance and effective management of inf More
        Introduction of the research: The countries of the world that are on the path of progress pay special attention to infrastructures in national dimensions in order to maintain their performance and capabilities. Maintaining the performance and effective management of infrastructures with regard to limited resources requires a comprehensive model for prioritizing critical infrastructures.The purpose of the research: to determine indicators and measures of criticality based on the intrinsic value of infrastructuresResearch method: Thematic analysis method was used to answer the research question. In this method, by reviewing documents and scientific articles, prominent themes were extracted. The validation method of this research is interpretive validity. Final approval was done by presenting the results to five experts.Findings: Based on the research findings, 61 initial codes were created. Due to the large number of codes, similar items were reduced to 11 themes based on conceptual affinity. Based on these themes, vital indicators were presented in the form of 9 main relationships.Conclusion: The research results showed that the most important indicators include; The amount of investment, non-dependence on other countries in providing essential goods, gross domestic product, fair access to life facilities, sufficient access to clean water, access to health services, preservation and sustainability of resources (water, soil and air), usefulness of infrastructure in support and the production of military equipment that can be used to assess infrastructure. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        310 - The Right to the City: Developing a Framework to Analyze Environmental Justice
        Maryam Afrouz Hassan Sajadzadeh
        10.22094/soij.2021.1922342.1401
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        311 - Analyzing the Biophilic Paradigm in Urbanism, Based on Content Analysis Technique
        Sahar Moarefi Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi Farah Habib
        10.22094/soij.2023.1991997.1560
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        312 - Survey of the position of cultural intelligence dimensions and components in the educational textbooks content of secondary high school course of Iran in the social studies scope
        حسن نجفی فاطمه شکرانی علیرضا صادقی
        This research objective is analysis of the position of cultural intelligence dimensions and components in the educational textbooks content of secondary high school course of Iran in the social studies scope. Research method is descriptive-content analysis. Statistical More
        This research objective is analysis of the position of cultural intelligence dimensions and components in the educational textbooks content of secondary high school course of Iran in the social studies scope. Research method is descriptive-content analysis. Statistical society includes all educational textbook of secondary high school course in the social studies scope in 2014-15 academic year, that due to the nature of research issue and limitation of statistical society, we passed up sampling and whole statistical society considered as a sample. Measurement tool was researcher made content analysis check list, and research results were examined and analyzed by using indicators of descriptive statistics in Shannon entropy analysis process. The main findings of research indicates that the books of secondary high school course in social studies scope have been attended to cultural intelligence dimensions and components 747 times, that its amount in grades; first, secondary, third, fourth courses were 119,167,208 and 253 times respectively. Also among the examined dimensions; meta-cognition dimension with 0.986 and importance coefficient 0.266, have been allocated maximum attention to itself, and behavioral dimension with information load rate 0.785 and importance coefficient 0.212 have been allocated minimum attention to itself. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        313 - Develop of Critical Thinking based on the Content Analysis of Attar's Mantegh-Altir
        Faramarz Muhammadipouya Sina Torkashvand sohrab mohammadipouya
        Present study was aimed at identifying critical thinking evidences in Attar,s Mantegh-Altir by making use of qualitative and conceptual analysis. Critical thinking was analyzed and its elements were identified through theoretical study and then critical thinking evidenc More
        Present study was aimed at identifying critical thinking evidences in Attar,s Mantegh-Altir by making use of qualitative and conceptual analysis. Critical thinking was analyzed and its elements were identified through theoretical study and then critical thinking evidences of Attar's Mantegh-Altir were analyzed by content analysis. To do so, all poem of Attar's Mantegh-Altir were studied and those with meanings related to critical thinking elements were identified and analyzed regarding two positions of each sentence, namely the address of each poem, and its related background. Findings of the study led to identifying nine elements for critical thinking (inquiring spirit, judgment with criteria, reasoning, analysis, impartiality, Methodism, objectivism, truth seeking, and flexibility), then for each element some evidences were extracted from Attar's Mantegh-Altir. Results indicate that Attar's Mantegh-Altir firmly emphasizes on all aspects of critical thinking, especially on inquiring spirit, truth seeking and judgment with criteria. So mystical texts could be useful in the development of critical thinking. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        314 - Evaluating and Analizing the content of hadiyehay Aseman in Elementary period, on The basis of critical Thinking skils.
        حسین کریمیان FAEZEH NATEGY MOHAMMAD SAIFI
        Abstract : The goal is to evaluate and analize the content of hadiyehay Aseman on The basis of lipmen critical thinking in (analizing , compounding , evaluating and explaining ) level. The method is descriptive &ndash; Analgtic from The kind of content analgsis. The st More
        Abstract : The goal is to evaluate and analize the content of hadiyehay Aseman on The basis of lipmen critical thinking in (analizing , compounding , evaluating and explaining ) level. The method is descriptive &ndash; Analgtic from The kind of content analgsis. The statistical society is The hole content of hadiyehay Asemani,s book that contains all of The books in second and sixth educational period which all of the books are chosen as a sample . The tool of data collecting is The researcher &ndash; made checklist on The basis of lipmen yualification with special apparent admissibility . The data collected of mentioned books shown : 1- There is a difference between attendant rate of books in educational ranks to critical thinking on different levels. 2- The level of analizing in critical skils between all books is lesser than desirable extent . 3- The combined skill in hadiyehay Aseman,s critical thinking skils is lesser ihan expectation . 4- The level of evaluating related to critical thinking skils in all of the books of elementary period,s hadigehay aseman is lesser than desirable extent . 5- The explaining,s skil of critical thinking skils in hadiyehay aseman elementary period (unless) is further than skils but it is letter than expectation . 6- Totallg, The attendance scale of hadigehag Aseman books with critical thinking is in low level . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        315 - Content analysis of the "Social Studies textbooks" in the Primary schools with respect to the social competency components
        Razieh jalili javad jahan
        This research aiming to investigate the amount attention to the social competence components of Social studies curriculum in primary school. The research method is descriptive for identifying components and content analysis method has been used to study and analyze the More
        This research aiming to investigate the amount attention to the social competence components of Social studies curriculum in primary school. The research method is descriptive for identifying components and content analysis method has been used to study and analyze the social studies curriculum. The study statistical communities were the social studies textbooks of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades. Data collection tools were an Inventory of analyzing textbooks contents which Compiled after studying literature and legal contexts. And its validity has been determined by the Education Specialists and the relevant experts. The Content analysis unit had been pictures, paragraph and practicing. , findings indicate that:In the cognitive skill, the most emphasis in the fifth grade was 38.3, and the lowest in the third grade was 21.3 respectively. And the total average emphasis was 0/033/78, which was evaluated in a low level. In the Emotional Skills, the highest emphasis was placed in the third grade with0/0 7.2 and the lowest in the fourth grade with 0.4 and the mean total was 0/02.2 percent,. In The motivational skills, the most stressed in the fifth grade with 0/019.3 and the lowest fourth grade with0/0 7.2 The average of the total emphasis on the motivational component was 0/09.6 percent. And in the behavioral skills; the most emphasis was placed in the third grade with 0/011 and lowest fifth grade with the rate of 0/7 respectively, and the total average emphasis was 0/06., which in three skills is evaluated in a very low level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        316 - Content analysis of the sixth grade social studies textbook based on the social skills component
        Pari Fahandezh saadi Hossein Aflakifard
        10.30495/educ.2022.1931282.2695
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of sixth grade social studies textbooks based on social skills components. The research method was qualitative and the content analysis method was beyond the readability level and the statistical population included t More
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of sixth grade social studies textbooks based on social skills components. The research method was qualitative and the content analysis method was beyond the readability level and the statistical population included the sixth book of social studies. To review the sixth elementary social studies textbook based on the skill component and method beyond the randomly selected statistical sample, three texts of 100 words from the beginning, middle and end of the textbook were considered. Based on the component of social skills in the Fry method, according to the findings, it can be said that in the sixth elementary social studies book, social skills are presented in different chapters. The most attention in the field of communication skills is in the category of communication skills, the most attention in the field of self-governance skills is in the category of skills of consulting with others and the most attention in the field of courage is in the category of self-recognition skills. The principle of simplicity or difficulty is simply not observed in the book, and the authors of the textbooks have not arranged the content according to a specific pattern. Also, based on the Fry index chart, it was determined that the contents of the book are suitable for the twelfth grade, and these contents are difficult for sixth grade students and do not fit their reading level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        317 - Analysis of the content of the fourth elementary Persian book based on successfull intelligence
        Masoumeh Souri Faramarz sohrabi asamrood kamran sheivandi choliche mehdi arabzadeh
        10.30495/educ.2023.1977405.2946
        The aim of the current research was to analyze the content of the fourth grade Persian book with the approach of revealing successful intelligence and to provide information and suggestions to the planners in order to improve and correct this book. Considering the natur More
        The aim of the current research was to analyze the content of the fourth grade Persian book with the approach of revealing successful intelligence and to provide information and suggestions to the planners in order to improve and correct this book. Considering the nature of the research topic and the limitation of the statistical community, sampling has been omitted, and all of them have been considered as samples. The data collection tool is the content analysis list of textbooks, which was prepared and compiled after studying the theoretical foundations and legal frameworks, and its validity was determined by educational science specialists and relevant experts. The checklist measurement tool was based on the content analysis unit: text, photo, paragraph and exercise. The research results have been investigated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and entropy index. Entropy coefficient was calculated based on Shannon's formula, which showed that based on the three dimensions of successful intelligence, which includes analytical, creative and practical intelligence, the most weight is related to adaptability. With the environment, the ability to analyze, interact, use practical skills, exploration and continuous learning Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        318 - The effect of elementary school religious education based on content approach (p4c) on the differentiation of elementary school students
        Zainab Ejlali hossein momeni mahmouei Marziye Aali
        10.30495/educ.2023.1957146.2857
        The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to determine the effect of religious education based on the content approach (p4c) on the differentiation of sixth grade male students. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type, two s More
        The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to determine the effect of religious education based on the content approach (p4c) on the differentiation of sixth grade male students. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental design of pre-test-post-test type, two sixth grade classes were selected by cluster sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Both groups answered their differentiation questionnaire (DSI) as a pre-test. Then the experimental group was exposed to 10 sessions of religious education based on the content approach (p4c), i.e. reflective content including philosophical themes (ontological, epistemological and value-oriented) suitable for Iranian Islamic children, and the control group did not receive any training. Then both groups responded to the post-test and the data was analyzed with the help of Spss24 software. The results of covariance analysis showed that religious education based on the content approach (p4c) is significant according to the differentiation test of the group effect (F = 12.39 and p = 0.030) and religious education based on the content approach (p4c) on the differentiation of the effect has it. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        319 - Measuring the compliance of the educational content of the Shad program based on approved educational standards in the preschool period
        bahareh kanani soheila hossainpour fereshte afkari
        The present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the compliance of the educational content of the happy program based on the standards approved by education in the preschool period. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research method in More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the compliance of the educational content of the happy program based on the standards approved by education in the preschool period. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research method in terms of survey type. The statistical population of this research is the teachers working in the preschool centers of Sanandaj city, which were 1500 people. 306 people were selected using available sampling method using Karjesi and Morgan table. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, its validity was confirmed by professors and educational science experts, Cronbach&#039;s alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.73. To analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Friedman test, independent t test and one-way analysis of variance were used. From the point of view of the trainers, the degree of conformity of the content of the happy program with the approved standards, respectively; Teaching the use of the five senses, sensorimotor and emotional skills, elementary teaching of body parts, their uses and characteristics, teaching personal and social health tips and issues, teaching individual and community rights in children, introducing children to religious and national figures, teaching and familiarizing with letters Alphabet, numbers and vocabulary have the least compatibility with the teaching of moral, religious and educational issues. The content of Shad educational program complies with seven educational standards. At the level of indicators, the compliance rate is low. Keywords: Educational standard, preschool, content, happy program, virtual. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        320 - Investigating the level of attention to the components of children's rights in fifth grade textbooks
        akram Tafarshi Nejad nasrin ghanabri atiye anjami
        10.30495/educ.2023.1980386.2960
        The aim of the research was to determine the level of attention paid to the components of children's rights in fifth grade textbooks. The research method was content analysis and the statistical population of social studies books, Hadih Asemani and Farsi of the fifth gr More
        The aim of the research was to determine the level of attention paid to the components of children's rights in fifth grade textbooks. The research method was content analysis and the statistical population of social studies books, Hadih Asemani and Farsi of the fifth grade. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist to measure the components of individual, social and family rights. The reliability coefficient of the tool was 0.85 based on William Scott's formula (1995). Shannon's entropy method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the amount of attention paid to the components of children's rights in the studied books is as follows: In the field of indicators of the individual rights component of children, "the right to identity and human dignity", the first rank is the most attention; and "minority children's rights" are the last rank of the least attention. Regarding family rights, the index "right to parental supervision and intervention" ranks first, the most attention; and "entering the competent court despite the problems" are the last rank of the least attention, and finally, in the field of social rights, "cultural rights" are the first rank of the most attention; And "rights of disabled children and judicial rights of children" are ranked the least attention. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        321 - Identifying effective factors on electronic learning with research synthesis method Taken from databases in the time period (1389 to 1402) and (2010 to 2023).
        Ali Mazlomi حسین مومنی مهموئی
        The purpose of the research is to investigate the factors affecting electronic learning; The method of this research is qualitative and synthesis research, the statistical population, numerous researches that have been conducted in domestic and foreign articles, and the More
        The purpose of the research is to investigate the factors affecting electronic learning; The method of this research is qualitative and synthesis research, the statistical population, numerous researches that have been conducted in domestic and foreign articles, and the database was 162 articles in the time period (1402-1389) and (2023-2010) . All the received articles were categorized and dominated during the content analysis and 73 articles (23 external sources and 50 internal sources) that were eligible for the research were examined and finally the articles were extracted for re-reading, coding of their indicators and concepts and were selected and examined as a statistical sample with purposeful sampling . In order to collect the required information, the checklist made by the researcher was used to report and record the primary research information, which was collected through searching with different key words and related to the purpose of the research. In order to analyze the findings, the 6-step model of Roberts&#039; research synthesis was used, And in checking the trust of data from the provided framework, from 4 criteria; Believability, transferability, reliability and confirmability were used and the result of the inductive and combined content analysis of the categories was the extraction of a conceptual framework in the field of technology-oriented, motivation-oriented, content-oriented, organization-oriented, service-oriented, design-oriented, community-oriented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        322 - Electronic content based on p3 of the production process and the role of authoring tools for e-content in the curriculum of higher education
        mehdi ghasemi mahvash kazemi maghsud amirkhandaghi hosein jafari
        Today the world is changing rapidly advanced electronic technology in teaching and learning process and content of the curriculum of higher education is inevitable . &nbsp;This study reviewed research and written and unwritten internal and external sources , with the ai More
        Today the world is changing rapidly advanced electronic technology in teaching and learning process and content of the curriculum of higher education is inevitable . &nbsp;This study reviewed research and written and unwritten internal and external sources , with the aim of introducing electronic content and the learning Sasyr dynamic model of&nbsp; and innovative approach to the production of electronic content such as ADDIE, SCORM, P3, several questions in the design of electronic content production process based on P3 and its authoring tools, deals. Accordingly, the Notes on the production of electronic content in the curriculum of higher education is proposed&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        323 - Electronic content based on p3 of the production process and the role of authoring tools for e-content in the curriculum of higher education
        maryam safrazade esmaeil saadipour shahram mlania
        Today the world is changing rapidly advanced electronic technology in teaching and learning process and content of the curriculum of higher education is inevitable .&nbsp; This study reviewed research and written and unwritten internal and external sources , with the ai More
        Today the world is changing rapidly advanced electronic technology in teaching and learning process and content of the curriculum of higher education is inevitable .&nbsp; This study reviewed research and written and unwritten internal and external sources , with the aim of introducing electronic content and the learning Sasyr dynamic model of&nbsp; and innovative approach to the production of electronic content such as ADDIE, SCORM, P3, several questions in the design of electronic content production process based on P3 and its authoring tools, deals. Accordingly, the Notes on the production of electronic content in the curriculum of higher education is proposed&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        324 - Factors affecting quality of higher education from the perspective of students at this stage
        abolghasem baremani mohammad salehi mohammadreza sadeghi
        Quality in higher education is not a fixed point and static, but it is a dynamic and a strategic goal and an Islamic duty. It is one of the fundamental issues that universities and educational institutions are facing. The purpose of this research study is to identify an More
        Quality in higher education is not a fixed point and static, but it is a dynamic and a strategic goal and an Islamic duty. It is one of the fundamental issues that universities and educational institutions are facing. The purpose of this research study is to identify and rank factors in order to improve the quality of higher education in Islamic Azad University, branches, Mazandaran Province. The method of research is descriptive. The study units include all students of Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran Province, in the 88-89 school year with 4,589 students, form which, 357 persons were used as final samples. To collect information from a researcher-designed questionnaire was used. Its validity and related professionals have been approved by teachers and reliability coefficients of 0.92 was obtained using Cronbach's alpha formula. For data analysis SPSS software and statistical methods in descriptive and inferential level was used. The obtained results have shown that factors members, teaching method organizing educational content, university facilities, faculty members, status and students, status in order to improve the quality of higher education are effective, the influence of&nbsp; members, status is more than other factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        325 - Evaluating and Analizing the content of hadiyehay Aseman in Elementary period, on The basis of critical Thinking skils.
        hossin karimian faeze nadeghi mohamad seyfi
        The goal is to evaluate and analize the content of hadiyehay Aseman on &nbsp;The basis of lipmen critical thinking in (analizing , compounding , evaluating and explaining ) level. The method is descriptive &ndash; Analgtic from The kind of content analgsis. The statisti More
        The goal is to evaluate and analize the content of hadiyehay Aseman on &nbsp;The basis of lipmen critical thinking in (analizing , compounding , evaluating and explaining ) level. The method is descriptive &ndash; Analgtic from The kind of content analgsis. The statistical society is The hole content of hadiyehay Asemani,s book that contains all of The books in second and sixth educational period which all of the&nbsp; books are chosen as a sample . The tool of data collecting is The researcher &ndash; made checklist on The basis of lipmen yualification with special apparent admissibility . The data collected of mentioned books shown : 1- There is a difference between attendant rate of books in educational ranks to critical thinking on different levels. 2- The level of analizing in critical skils between all books is lesser than desirable extent . 3- The combined skill in hadiyehay Aseman,s critical thinking skils is lesser ihan expectation . 4- The level of evaluating related to critical thinking skils in all of the books of elementary period,s hadigehay aseman is lesser than desirable extent . 5- The explaining,s skil of critical thinking skils in hadiyehay aseman elementary period (unless) is further&nbsp; than skils but it is letter than expectation . 6- Totallg, The attendance scale of hadigehag Aseman books with critical thinking is in low level . &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        326 - Develop of Critical Thinking based on the Content Analysis of Attar's Mantegh-Altir
        faramarz mohamadi poya sina torkashvand sohrab mohamadi poya
        Present study was aimed at identifying critical thinking evidences in Attar'sMantegh-Altirby making use of qualitative and conceptual analysis. Critical thinking was analyzed and its elements were identified through theoretical study and then critical thinking evidences More
        Present study was aimed at identifying critical thinking evidences in Attar'sMantegh-Altirby making use of qualitative and conceptual analysis. Critical thinking was analyzed and its elements were identified through theoretical study and then critical thinking evidences of Attar's Mantegh-Altirwere analyzed by content analysis. To do so, all poem of Attar's Mantegh-Altirwere studied and those with meanings related to critical thinking elements were identified and analyzed regarding two positions of each sentence, namely the address of each poem, and its related background. Findings of the study led to identifying nine elements for critical thinking (inquiring spirit, judgment with criteria, reasoning, analysis, impartiality, Methodism, objectivism, truth seeking, and flexibility), then for each element some evidences were extracted from Attar's Mantegh-Altir. Results indicate that Attar's Mantegh-Altirfirmly emphasizes on all aspects of critical thinking, especially on inquiring spirit, truth seeking and judgment with criteria. So mystical texts could be useful in the development of critical thinking. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        327 - Assessment of the Position of Cultural Intelligence Dimensions and Components in the Educational Textbooks Content of Secondary High School Course of Iran in the Social Studies Scope
        hasan najafi alireza sadegi
        This research objective is Assessment of the position of cultural intelligence dimensions and components in the educational textbooks content of secondary high school course of Iran in the social studies scope. Research method is descriptive-content analysis. Statistica More
        This research objective is Assessment of the position of cultural intelligence dimensions and components in the educational textbooks content of secondary high school course of Iran in the social studies scope. Research method is descriptive-content analysis. Statistical society includes all educational textbook of secondary high school course in the social studies scope in 2014-15 academic year, that According to adapt to the analytical logic of purposive sampling was used and all four social studies textbook first year, second year sociology, sociology of the third and fourth year of civics are intended as examples. Measuring tool, Czech researcher was content analysis and its validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability Svry- content and test-retest 0/93 respectively. Research results were examined and analyzed by using indicators of descriptive statistics in Shannon's Entropy Software Version 2015 analysis process. The main findings of research indicates that the books of secondary high school course in social studies scope have been attended to cultural intelligence dimensions and components 747 times, that its amount in grades; first, secondary, third, fourth courses were 119,167,208 and 253 times respectively. Also among the Assessment dimensions; meta-cognition dimension with 0.986 and importance coefficient 0.266, have been allocated maximum attention to itself, and behavioral dimension with information load rate 0.785 and importance coefficient 0.212 have been allocated minimum attention to itself. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        328 - The position of religion and religion in the educational system of the first Pahlavi period
        reza shabani ghobad mansorbakht farshid mehri
        What is studied in this article as the position of religion and the clergymen within the educational system and the First Pahlavi Era contains the materials that indicate the method of reaction of the first Pahlavi toward the clergymen within the education field and the More
        What is studied in this article as the position of religion and the clergymen within the educational system and the First Pahlavi Era contains the materials that indicate the method of reaction of the first Pahlavi toward the clergymen within the education field and the position of the religion in planning and the context of the course books. Hence, the government was trying to renovate the educational system based on the ancient oriented nationalism and western secularism, the cultural system of the Pahlavi regime tried to decrease the presence of the clergymen in educational system and made some restrictions for them regarding the programs and the context of the courses of religion. Creation of a new Iranian identity based on focusing on the infrastructural institutes such as educational system, was the most important strategy of the first Pahlavi regime in order to homogenize the common people with the governing body. In this regard, extreme nationalism and western-based modernism were the most important ideologies of the first Pahlavi regime. As it was mentioned, the educational system was the most important context where the mentioned ideologies were executed. In order to achieve the ideological components, Pahlavi's most important actions were decreasing the role of the clergymen in educational institutes, the religion course books and the educational programs. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        329 - Investigation of KHorasan rods and minarets (by emphasis on the construction role and contents of their inscriptions)
        ali farokhi
        The ancient monuments of Khorasan, like its old history, have an especial importance which was pioneer in servicing to the convoys in all the historic eras, before or after Islam. &nbsp;Similar to other buildings, the architecture of Khorasan rods and minarets had prop More
        The ancient monuments of Khorasan, like its old history, have an especial importance which was pioneer in servicing to the convoys in all the historic eras, before or after Islam. &nbsp;Similar to other buildings, the architecture of Khorasan rods and minarets had proper development and decoration for offering better services to the passengers and convoys.&nbsp; Besides the public buildings, the rods and minarets were constructed for the purpose of turning on a light or fire on top of the buildings for guidance at night. The architecture of these buildings bloomed in the Islamic eras, in a way that Kofi calligraphy appeared in these buildings, by writing the quote of faith testimonies, &ldquo;there is no god but Allah&rdquo; and &ldquo;Mohammad is the profit of the God&rdquo; on the walls of the minarets and rods, the flag of Islam was raised throughout Khorasan, which has still been used in the Islamic lands. Rod of Ayaz, Khosrogord minaret, Pamenar minaret, Karat rod and Firoozabad minaret in khorasan are all among the buildings whose architecture and related decorations and the content of their inscriptions were investigated in this project. The results indicate that all the mentioned buildings, regardless of service presentation, all reminding one point; Monotheism Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        330 - Content analysis of the Journal of The Application of chemistry in Environment based on Shannon entropy with environmental assumptions
        Younes Karimi Fardinpour Nasser Moslehi Milani
        This article analyzes the content of the Journal of The Application of Chemistry in Environment based on environmental assumptions. The statistical population of this study is all articles published in issues 35 to 38 of the journal. Research data were collected using c More
        This article analyzes the content of the Journal of The Application of Chemistry in Environment based on environmental assumptions. The statistical population of this study is all articles published in issues 35 to 38 of the journal. Research data were collected using checklist tools and statistically analyzed using Excel software. In this paper, Shannon entropy content analysis method is used to process data quantitatively and qualitatively. Based on entropy indices, the content of articles has been studied based on 7 main components and 93 sub-components of environmental education. The results of the analysis show that the main components related to humans and the environment with 9 articles (32.1%) and water environmental problems with 7 articles (25%) have the highest frequency. The components of waste and recycling value with 1 article are only 3.6 percent and the components of environmental problems of air, soil, sound and protection of natural resources with 0 articles (zero percent) have the lowest amount. Findings from the abundance of components have shown that the components of environmental education do not have a normal distribution and some components have not been addressed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        331 - A survey of convince the audience about the most visited articles in the Journal of The Application of Chemistry in Environment
        Younes Karimi Fardinpour Naser Moslehi Milani Behzad Entezari
        Content production as one of the intervening factors in changing attitudes can play a role in encouraging students to apply chemistry in the environment. In this article, the aim is to identify the criteria for producing content that encourages the application of chemis More
        Content production as one of the intervening factors in changing attitudes can play a role in encouraging students to apply chemistry in the environment. In this article, the aim is to identify the criteria for producing content that encourages the application of chemistry in the environment and to analyze the most popular articles in the Journal of The application of chemistry in environment published by Islamic Azad University, Ahar Branch. The present study tries to identify the components that motivate to change attitudes and persuasion theoretically. In fact, the present study, by assuming the effectiveness of these components and using a qualitative approach to content analysis, evaluates the content related to the application of chemistry in the most visited articles in the Journal of The application of chemistry in environment. The results of this study can show what capacity the production of educational content focusing on the application of chemistry in the environment has to change the attitude of the audience. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        332 - Does the Latest English Language Teacher Education Curriculum Develop Student Teachers’ Professional Competencies?
        Mohammad Ranjbari Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Akbar Afghari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        333 - Efficient Content-Based Video Retrieval in HEVC Standard Using Auto-Correloblock: A Novel Approach
        Yaghoub Saberi Mohammadreza Ramezanpour Shervan Fekri-Ershad Behrang Baraktain
        10.22094/jcr.2023.1990648.1308
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        334 - Design of a Multiplier for Similar Base Numbers Without Converting Base Using a Data Oriented Memory
        Majid Jafari Ali Broumandnia Navid Habibi Shahab Forgani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        335 - A New Content Based Image Retrieval Method Using Contourlet Transform
        Farzad Zargari Ali Mosleh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        336 - Evaluating the application of power and coercion typologies in solving organizational complex problems
        Fatemeh Haghighat Mohammad Reza Mehragan Mohammad Abooyee Ardakan Hossien Safari
        The main purpose of this paper is identifying the typologies of power and coercion in organizations and evaluating their effects on solving complex problems. In this article, the typologies of coercion in the leadership style of managers and the dominant discursive syst More
        The main purpose of this paper is identifying the typologies of power and coercion in organizations and evaluating their effects on solving complex problems. In this article, the typologies of coercion in the leadership style of managers and the dominant discursive system in organizations are presented using tools such as the researcher's experience and intuition and also the literature review. In order to confirm these typologies, the views of relevant specialists have been used, which resulted in the confirmation of these typologies by them. In addition, in the next section, we have addressed the kind of leadership style commonly used to solve complex problems and the individuals helping to solve complex problems. In this regard, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 14 managers in Iranian public organizations. Then, using the content analysis method, the questions of interviews have been analyzed. The results of this section also showed that the common leadership style of most managers in solving the organizational complex problems is interactive style. However, they may use different styles to solve different issues or problems. It was also found that managers often use the help of various people inside and outside the organization to solve organizational problems which these people are also introduced. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        337 - A model to determine the factors affecting satisfaction employees in e-learning systems
        Batool zareie Nima jafari navimipour
        The technology has embraced the innovative learning methodologies. New interactive media is in use now for delivering educational information. E-learning has taken the place of traditional face-to-face educational environment. E-learning is a process by which people can More
        The technology has embraced the innovative learning methodologies. New interactive media is in use now for delivering educational information. E-learning has taken the place of traditional face-to-face educational environment. E-learning is a process by which people can gain new skills or knowledge and improve their performance. Though, this new learning paradigm is very attractive approach for both learners and instructor; the growth of web-based learning media is very low. Also, e-learning is a key activity for the success of institutions. The satisfaction of the learner is inevitable for successful implementation of web-based educational environment. This paper is showing the factors which are playing influential role towards employees learning satisfaction. The statistical population in this study is considered the technological development center of pharmaceutical products and medical equipment Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software and SMART PLS 2.0. The results of show the technology, content education, motivation, and attitude are the factors that influence employee&rsquo;s satisfaction towards e-learning. Administration is suggested to consider these factors for successful virtual education implementation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        338 - Inquiring the Factors Affecting Coaching Establishment in Organization with a Qualitative Approach
        Mohammad Rafati Morteza Mousakhani Mohammad Reza Zabihi Mahmoud Ghorbani Hamed Rahmani
        Coaching is a new paradigm in learning and connecting the two words of human capital development and organizational learning that enables individuals to adapt more quickly to environmental change and identify their capacities and abilities and leads to increased organiz More
        Coaching is a new paradigm in learning and connecting the two words of human capital development and organizational learning that enables individuals to adapt more quickly to environmental change and identify their capacities and abilities and leads to increased organizational productivity through the actualization of the potential skills of organization human resources, which are key drivers of the success of any organization.Therefore, the purpose of this research is to inquiring the factors affecting the establishment of coaching in public organizations that have been done by qualitative method and content analysis. The statistical sample in this research consisted of 12 experts that had some published works in the field of coaching and selected by Snowballing sampling method and MAXQDA software is used for data analysis.The results of the research identified two factors of human and organizational resources. The human resources factor consists of two dimensions of coach and coachee and the organizational resources factor consists both structure and content dimensions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        339 - Discovering influential content for improving knowledge management based on deep learning
        Husnyeh Safearyan Mohammad Jafar Tarokh Mohammad ali afshar kazemi
        The presence of social media has brought about fundamental changes in today's societies. These media are a good platform for users to share ideas. This has caused users to encounter a lot of information that is not suitable for them most of the time and has little influ More
        The presence of social media has brought about fundamental changes in today's societies. These media are a good platform for users to share ideas. This has caused users to encounter a lot of information that is not suitable for them most of the time and has little influence on them. Providing a way to select effective posts for the user among a multitude of posts can be very important. The methods presented in recent research for selecting effective posts are based on statistical features related to various microblog data and less in terms of content content, each post has been measured on a specific user. Despite the variety of topics, content of tweets and different users, most of these methods are not accurate by providing a general model based on a large number of features and are not able to provide online predictions. In this study, by analyzing the dissemination of posts among users in a specific period of time, a method for measuring users' attention to shared content and their effects is examined. This method is named IKS, which is based on the characteristics of content published by The user is presented as a binary classroom problem based on in-depth learning. Evaluation of this method has been done using intuitive method and data set evaluation which is more accurate compared to other methods. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        340 - Discovering a Way to Analyze Customer Emotions on Social Media for use in Advertising Systems
        leila khajehvand Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy Morteza Mosakhani
        10.22094/jdem.2023.1981721.3062
        Recently,social networks have attracted special attention. In various social networks, users are constantly expressing their public as well as private opinions on various topics. Twitter is one of these social networks that has become very popular in the last decade. Th More
        Recently,social networks have attracted special attention. In various social networks, users are constantly expressing their public as well as private opinions on various topics. Twitter is one of these social networks that has become very popular in the last decade. This social network provides organizations with a fast and effective way to analyze customers' feelings, views, and criticisms of market success. Emotional analysis is a process in which people's opinions, feelings, and attitudes about a particular subject are extracted. There has been a lot of research on emotion analysis based on user comments, documents and articles. Analysis of what is being said is very different from Twitter data, because Twitter tweets are limited to 280 characters and force users to express their feelings concisely. The best results in emotion classification are obtained from machine learning techniques such as simple Bayes and support vector machine. In this research, a method for analyzing emotions in social networks is presented. In this regard, we have tried to improve the classification of text by Bayesian method to some extent by focusing on the stages of data preprocessing and feature selection.users' feelings are analyzed. The classification problem has been formulated and solved using the latest achievements in the field of machine learning. . To evaluate the proposed method in this dissertation is from the Twitter data set scenario. The proposed method is compared with other classification methods. Has shown the best performance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        341 - Provide a Model of the social responsibility of managers in the electric power distribution company of Khorasan Razavi province
        Farshid Elmi Mehr Mahmoud Ghorbani Akbar Hassanpoor
        10.22094/jdem.2023.1987385.3097
        The purpose of this research is to study social responsibility in the power distribution company of Khorasan Razavi province. For this purpose, conducting a research with a mixed approach was put on the agenda. First, in the qualitative part, by using the content analys More
        The purpose of this research is to study social responsibility in the power distribution company of Khorasan Razavi province. For this purpose, conducting a research with a mixed approach was put on the agenda. First, in the qualitative part, by using the content analysis method, dimensions, components and indicators of corporate social responsibility were extracted in 6 dimensions, 28 components and 72 indicators. The statistical population in this section included all scientific texts (books and articles) in the field of corporate social responsibility. Then, in the quantitative part, the model presented using the structural equation modeling technique in three stages including: fitting the measurement model, fitting the structural model and general fitting the model and using PLS software in the electricity distribution company of Razavi Khorasan province. was evaluated. The statistical population in this section consisted of all top, middle and operational managers of Khorasan Razavi Province Electricity Company, numbering 167 people, from which 115 people were selected as a statistical sample using the Karjesi and Morgan table. Then, according to the obtained results, the rank of each of the dimensions, components and indicators in the model was determined in Razavi Khorasan Electricity Distribution Company and the results were reported. Electric company managers can take advantage of the results of this research in order to improve the social responsibility of managers in the Razavi Khorasan province electric company complex. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        342 - Content Analysis of the Roots of Corruption in the Public Sector of the Developing Societies
        Mina Alavi Abolhasan Faghihi Morteza Moosakhani Reza Najafbeigi
        Administrative corruption as an old injury to the organs of public organizations in developmental societies has become a national crisis today, and the continual evolution of this phenomenon leads to a risk of people's trust. Therefore, the present study aimed to answer More
        Administrative corruption as an old injury to the organs of public organizations in developmental societies has become a national crisis today, and the continual evolution of this phenomenon leads to a risk of people's trust. Therefore, the present study aimed to answer the question "What are the roots of corruption in government organizations in developing countries?". Despite the prevalence of corruption, a comprehensive study has not been carried out in this area. Using the content analysis method, the researcher analyzed the results and findings of previous researchers and, by performing 7 steps, classified the roots into 29 concepts and 8 categories. The CASP checklist was used to control the qualitative researches and the Holsty reliability coefficient was used to confirm the findings. The results of the research showed that all factors in the levels of reason (individual motives and organizational conditions), middle (state) and macro (society and sovereignty) as the causes of corruption seem probable. However, in different societies in the developing world, agreement on the causes of corruption is more than expected. In all these poor or rich societies, corruption is associated with several factors: at macro level, threats and weaknesses of governance, unfamiliar civil society, middle level, weak rule of law, government capacity reduction, lack of economic development, weakness and Micro level, organizational behavior management and weak organizational behavior management. Finally, based on research findings, suggestions for future research are presented. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        343 - The Effect of the Content of the Promotional Message on the Intention to Purchase the Staff of the Municipality of Tehran
        Shima Yavari Seyed Mahmoud Saberi
        This research aim is order to investigate the intention to buy in the insurance industry; considering that in this research the effect of the variables or the causal relations between the variables of the model is sought to be sought, this research is based on the natur More
        This research aim is order to investigate the intention to buy in the insurance industry; considering that in this research the effect of the variables or the causal relations between the variables of the model is sought to be sought, this research is based on the nature and method of scientific research. This study is also an applied research on the cognitive purpose, and is based on a quantitative research. The data collection method is library-field. The statistical population of the study consisted of employees and managers of Tehran municipality. According to Morgan's table, the minimum number of samples required to conduct this research is 291 people, which according to the widespread number of questionnaires, 385 questionnaires were collected. To test the hypotheses of this research, a questionnaire of 29 questions was used that contains dimensions of message content, perception, personalization, attitude and intention of purchase. The results of the analysis of variance based on SmartPLS2 software showed that positive behavior toward promotional SMS has a positive effect on purchasing intention. Additionally, the customization of SMS messages on the relationship between the message content of the message and the perception of the ad text of the moderated effect Does Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        344 - Effect of Basalt and Polypropylene Fibers on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cement-Stabilized clay, an Experimental Approach
        Seyed Hadi Sahlabadi Meysam Bayat Mohsen Mousivand Mohsen Saadat
        10.22094/jseg.2022.1931787.1110
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        345 - Effects of Building Construction Overburden on Liquefaction Potential of Soils
        Reza Sallakh Niknejad Sallakh Niknejad Rouzbeh Dabiri
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        346 - The relationship between the quality of working life and quality of life are typical of the process of family content Shiraz Electricity Distribution Company
        Hoda Malekzadeh
        In this study, the relationship between the quality of working life and quality of life normally Family Process and Content Distribution Company employees Bargh Shiraz were investigated. The study included all government employees and contractors are garments that 588 p More
        In this study, the relationship between the quality of working life and quality of life normally Family Process and Content Distribution Company employees Bargh Shiraz were investigated. The study included all government employees and contractors are garments that 588 people. The research is correlational. The sample consisted of 150 randomly selected employees that were formed.has been used. To deliver the data, Pearson correlation, regression analysis was used. The results showed that QWL has significant predictive power for variable process. And the quality of working life has predictive power for variable content is family. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        347 - Presenting a model and explaining the solutions for popularizing women's sports, from the perspective of sports science professors and female employees in Mashhad
        Fahimeh Rivadeh Mohamad ali Ghare Elham Karimi torghabe Rahele Kardavani
        10.30495/jwsf.2022.1951435.1653
        Abstract,The aim of this study was to present a model and explain the solutions for popularizing women's sports from the perspective of sports science professors and female employees in Mashhad. The research method was content analysis. According to the Purpose of the r More
        Abstract,The aim of this study was to present a model and explain the solutions for popularizing women's sports from the perspective of sports science professors and female employees in Mashhad. The research method was content analysis. According to the Purpose of the research, using library including, 45 related articles and in-depth interviews with 20 professional and scientific ome elements were extracted, grouped and indentified as&hellip;elements of obstacles and solutions for popularization of women's sports. Theme analysis was used. The output of this step was to identify 34 solutions. Convergent and divergent validity was used to determine the validity, which yielded results and coefficients above 70%. The results showed that the development of sports among women requires the improvement of social beliefs, a fair and equitable view in the staff, a sense of women's desire for sports and the implementation of motivational plans. Implementation of projects such as leisure festivals and the Joy and Health Cup should be better planned for women to increase women's interest in sports. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        348 - Effect of Foliar Application of Methanol on Yield and some of Physiological Treats in Bean
        M. MirAkhori, F. Paknejad Y. Reihani P. Nazeri F. Yeganeh Pour N. Jamshidi M. Gaffari
        To investigate the effects of methanol on relative water content (RWC) and leaf chlorophyll content of common bean an experiment was carried out at the Research Field of the Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch in 2009. More
        To investigate the effects of methanol on relative water content (RWC) and leaf chlorophyll content of common bean an experiment was carried out at the Research Field of the Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources of Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch in 2009. A factorial experiment with randomized complete block design with three replications was used. First factor consisted of 8 levels of aqueous spraying on plants [0 (control), 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% (v/v) methanol] by 3 times during growing season at 12 days intervals. Traits measured were grain yield, RWC, chlorophyll content and dry weight of the plants. These traits measured before and after methanol spraying. Results showed that were significant differences between methanol spraying solution on leaf chlorophyll content and RWC after second and third stages at 1% and on grain yield at 5% probability levels. Methanol using affected to dry weight accumulation. Means comparison showed that increasing levels of methanol foliar application increase chlorophyll content and relative water content. Effect of M3, M4 and M5 methanol levels on measured traits was greater than other treatments. Application of methanol increased grain yield, chlorophyll content, relative water content and leaf area. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        349 - The Effect of Different Seed Primings on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
        Adel Pedram Mehdi Tajbakhsh Dariush Fathollah Taleghani Mahdi Ghiyasi
        10.30495/jcep.2019.664836
        To investigate the effect of different seed primings on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two sugar beet cultivars a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, was carried out in both laboratory and field More
        To investigate the effect of different seed primings on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two sugar beet cultivars a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, was carried out in both laboratory and field at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azarbaijan province in 2015-16. The factors were two cultivars (Ekbatan and 7233) and five kinds of seed primings (seed hardening, priming with nano fertilizer, priming with pigeon manure extract, hydropriming and control). The results of combined analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between genotypes for root yield and white sugar content. It was also, revealed that primings for all traits, except percent of sugar extraction, alkalinity and white sugar content, were significant. In this study, cultivar 7233, as compared with Ekbatan, produced higher root yield and sugar content. Furthermore, hydropriming produced higher germination percentage (96.50%), speed of germination (9.56 seeds/day), root yield (80.33 t.ha-1), sugars content (23.11%), sugar yield (18.38 t.ha-1) than other seed primings. Based on stepwise regression analysis, four traits, like sugars content, root yield, sugar extraction percentage and molasses sugar, justified 98% of white sugar yield variations. Thus, these four traits were identified as the most effective ones for white sugar yield. It can be, therefore, concluded that hydropriming would be a proper seed priming to improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        350 - Effect of Super Absorbent Polymer and Soil Texture Affecting the Physiological Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Water Deficit Stress
        Alireza Moeini Ali Neshat Najme Yazdanpanah Amin Pasandi Pour
        10.30495/JCEP.2022.1933322.1811
        In order to evaluate the role of super absorbent polymer (SAP) for mitigating the water deficit stress at sandy and clay-loam soils, the effect of five values of SAP (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g.kg-1 soil), three water treatment (the relative soil water content of 80, 60 More
        In order to evaluate the role of super absorbent polymer (SAP) for mitigating the water deficit stress at sandy and clay-loam soils, the effect of five values of SAP (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g.kg-1 soil), three water treatment (the relative soil water content of 80, 60, and 40%) and two soil textures (sandy and clay-loam) on biomass production, photosynthetic pigments, leaf gas exchange parameters, leaf relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (REC), proline content, catalase, super oxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity. The experiment was carried out with a factorial arrangement based on complete randomized design in triplicates at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Kerman, Iran. The results revealed that water deficit stress caused a significant decrease in net photosynthesis rate, leaf stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a+b content, RWC, plant height, and dry matter production of maize. CAT, SOD, APX activity, REC, and proline were elevated with increasing water deficit stress levels. Application of SAP under water deficit stress increased the net photosynthesis (32.3%), stomatal conductance (38%), chlorophyll a+b (23.9%), RWC (11.9%), and dry matter production (24%), while it decreased REC (10.8%), proline content (66.9%), CAT (42.7%), SOD (33.2%), and APX activity (34.3%) as compared to control. It can be concluded that application of SAP (0.8 g.kg-1 soil) improved plant growth of maize under water deficit stress through increasing the water holding capacity in soil. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        351 - Evaluation of 20 Barley Genotypes under the Terminal Drought Condition
        H. Tajalli S.G. Mousavi R. Baradaran M.H. Saberi E. Arazmjoo
        To study the response of barley genotypes to terminal drought stress, 20 promising barley genotypes were compared under two stress and non-stress conditions, in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural More
        To study the response of barley genotypes to terminal drought stress, 20 promising barley genotypes were compared under two stress and non-stress conditions, in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Center of Southern Khorasan during 2007-2008 growing season. Drought stress levels consist of control (complete irrigation) and irrigation up to the 50% heading stage. Results showed that skipping irrigation at 50% heading stage resulted in 14.64 reduction in seed yield and 8.12 percent in biological yield compared to control condition. Spike length, plant height and flag leaf area in drought condition decreased by 12.4, 7.65 and 24 percent against complete irrigation treatment. Also, irrigation up to the 50% heading caused increasing of chlorophyll index and cell membrane permeability and declining of relative water content of flag leaf. There weren&rsquo;t any significant differences among barley genotypes in terms of biological yield but the highest and lowest grain yield achieved from genotype number 18 (5997.2 kg.ha-1) and genotype number 16 (3420.8 kg.ha-1) respectively. Cultivar number 5 and 13 had the highest rate of chlorophyll index, and also number 8 had the highest relative water content (80.7%) in flag leaf. Based on the results of this study, genotypes number 18 and 20 had higher yields in both normal and drought stress conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        352 - Comparison of Yield and Some Forage Qualitative Characteristics of Corn, Sorghum and Amaranth in Response to Density and Sowing Date in Fars Province
        Elham Moshaver Yahya Emam Hamid Madani Ghorban Nour Mohamadi Hossein Heidari Sharifabad
        Field studies were conducted&nbsp; at&nbsp; Marvdasht area of&nbsp; Fars province in 2013 to investigate the effects of planting date and density on yield and some qualitative characteristics of three forage crops; corn, sorghum and amaranth . Split split plot experimen More
        Field studies were conducted&nbsp; at&nbsp; Marvdasht area of&nbsp; Fars province in 2013 to investigate the effects of planting date and density on yield and some qualitative characteristics of three forage crops; corn, sorghum and amaranth . Split split plot experiments were conducted in a complete randomized block design with 3 replications at two locations. Treatments were plant species (forage corn 704, forage sorghum cultivar Speedfeed and a new forage crop: amaranth), plant density (66000, 83000 and 110000 plants per hectare) and planting date (June 22, July 6, July 21). Combined analysis of variance indicated that, plant species, planting density and date significantly affected hay yield, grain protein percentage, iron and zinc content, calcium percentage, fiber and crude protein content. Highest hay production (11279.70 g.m-2 ), grain protein percentage(14.85%), iron content ( 446 mg kg-1 dry matter), calcium percentage (3.66%), and the lowest fiber content (9.44%) were obtained from amaranth with density of 66000 plants per hectare planted on July the 6th. The highest content of zinc(113.50 mg kg-1 dry matter) was observed&nbsp; with corn planted on June 22 with density of 66000 plants per hectare. The highest&nbsp; content of crude protein was in corn planted on July 21 with density of 66000 plants per hectare( 1.69%) without significant difference against amaranth planted on July 6 (1.65%). Maximum fiber content (26.39%) belonged to sorghum plant. The results of this experiment showed that quality of 3 forage species were reduced with delaying planting date and increasing plant density. The results of this experiment, as a whole, showed that amaranth with density of 66000 plants per hectare at sowing date of July 6 can be recommended as appropriate and superior forage plant to Fars province based on the traits evaluated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        353 - Effect of Shading on some Important Physiological Traits in Lentil Crop
        F. Darabi A. Hatami M.J. Zarea R. Naseri
        Light is one of the growth-reducing factors in mixed cropping and agroforestry systems. Therefore, an experimental field was conducted to justiffy the effect of light intensity on two lentil cultivars. It was performed in a factorial experiment based on randomized compl More
        Light is one of the growth-reducing factors in mixed cropping and agroforestry systems. Therefore, an experimental field was conducted to justiffy the effect of light intensity on two lentil cultivars. It was performed in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station of Ilam University during 2012-2013 cropping season. The factors under study consisted of shading in four levels (0 shading, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of shadings) and two cultivars lentil (Lens culinaris Medic) (Ziba and ILL4400). Results showed that physiologic traits were significantly affected by cultivar &times; shading intraction. Ziba cultivar had the highest chlorophyll a and b content in 100% shading. Carotenoid content, relative water content and leaf area index also increased with increasing in shading. The highest and lowest carotenoid and relative water contents were observed in 100% shading &times; ILL4400 cultivar and control treatment &times; Ziba cultiva, respectively. The highest leaf specific weight observed in control treatment &times; Ziba cultivar and decreased with increasing shading. Grain yield decreased with increasing shading. The highest and lowest mean grain yield, 2522 kg.ha-1 and 1137 kg.ha-1, were observed in control treatment &times; Ziba cultivar and 100% shading and ILL4400 cultivar, respectively. Based on the results of this study, Ziba cultivar had the highest leaf area index, relative water content and chlorophyll a in higher shading treatments; hence, it can perform better than ILL4400 in mixed cropping and agroforestry systems where the light is limited factor. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        354 - Relationship between Balanced Fertilization and Healthy Agricultural Products (A Review)
        M.J. Malakouti
        Based on World Health Organization (WHO) report, our society&rsquo;s health ranks 123 among 192 countries. Unfortunately, this ranking position is very low and its main reason is malnutrition due to imbalanced fertilization. Although more than 85% of Iranian people are More
        Based on World Health Organization (WHO) report, our society&rsquo;s health ranks 123 among 192 countries. Unfortunately, this ranking position is very low and its main reason is malnutrition due to imbalanced fertilization. Although more than 85% of Iranian people are not hungry, about 90% of them are suffering from cell hunger, because agricultural authorities and hence producers do not pay attention to food security. According to the latest information, about 86.5% of applied fertilizers in our country appertain to urea and triple super phosphate. In fact, this is an alarming issue in respect to the production of healthy agricultural products and it remains a threat to food security. At present, a total subsidy of more than 7,000 billion rials is paid for nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) fertilizers. Whereas, it should be considered that, firstly, the efficiency of these fertilizers, due to different reasons such as mismanagement and existing subsidy level, is low and, secondly, the overuse of these fertilizers causes the accumulation of nitrate (NO3) and cadmium (Cd) in agricultural products. Furthermore, according to the law of minimum, the overdosed fertilizers do not have any special positive effect on sustainable production and society&rsquo;s health. Paying for such high-cost subsidy just for N and P-fertilizers has caused farmers to overuse and waste these fertilizers in the country and moreover not having any tendency to apply biologic, organic and micronutrient fertilizers. Whereas, the application of these fertilizers, beside their adaptability with the environment, has a very positive effect on the human health. Therefore, at this time scientific management of production and application of all kinds of fertilizers is inevitable. In this case, by improving the quality of all types of fertilizers, and following the principle of balanced fertilization, besides achieving the desired yield increase, the quality of agricultural products will be enhanced and the level of society&rsquo;s health will be promoted automatically. Furthermore, there is a close and positive relationship between balanced fertilization and production of healthy agricultural products. The authorities of&nbsp; the Ministry of Jehad-e- Agriculture are supposed to consider this important principle for a) supplying suitable kinds and amounts of fertilizers during&nbsp; application seasons in producing agricultural products; b) banning&nbsp; the act of burning the plants' residues; c) considering the rules of balanced fertilization; d) enrichment of agricultural products on the farm; e) scientific management of production and application of all kinds of fertilizers; f) implementing the criteria set for Article 61 of the Fourth Development Plan; g) avoiding the import of P-fertilizers which contain Cd in excess of 25 mg/kg and h) removing the subsidy on N and P-fertilizers in order to increase the yield and quality of agricultural products and enhance society's health. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        355 - Variation of Pigment Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activites in Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seedlings under Salt Stress
        سجاد Moharramnejad M. Valizadeh
        Effects of salt stress (NaCl) on fresh weight, pigment content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT) activities in nine genotypes of pinto bean exposed to two levels of NaCl )0 and 400 mM( were studied. A factorial experiment on the basis More
        Effects of salt stress (NaCl) on fresh weight, pigment content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT) activities in nine genotypes of pinto bean exposed to two levels of NaCl )0 and 400 mM( were studied. A factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized design was carried out in laboratory conditions. Salinity stress increased carotenoids in the leaves while it decreased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll significantly. Salinity reduced by 24.31% fresh weight. Electrophoretic analyses were performed by using 8% slab polyacrylamide gels. For each isozymic band the &ldquo;density &times; area&rdquo; scores onto gels were evaluated by MCID software as enzymatic activity. Three isozymes were observed for each of SOD and POX and one for CAT. Salt stress increased activities of all observed enzymes. Application of salt stress increased activities of SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3. Their activity increment was estimate to be 26.31, 13.89 and 17.64 percent respectively. POX1, POX2 and POX3 activity increment, were also estimated to be48.38, 21 and 43.02 percent respectively. In the case of CAT it was 43.85 percent. Antioxidant enzymes activity increment could be important strategy for reducing the damage caused by oxidative stress. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        356 - Effect of Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid on Yield and Yield Components of Pumpkin under Different Water Deficienies
        Vahideh Biyare Farid Shekari Saeid Seifzadeh Hamidreza Zakerin Esmaeil Hadidi
        10.30495/jcep.2020.676137
        Pumpkin is one of the valuable medicinal plants which have high oil content in its seeds. The response of pumpkin was examined against controlled water deficiency with spraying salicylic acid under field conditions in 2015 and 2016 in split plot experiment based on comp More
        Pumpkin is one of the valuable medicinal plants which have high oil content in its seeds. The response of pumpkin was examined against controlled water deficiency with spraying salicylic acid under field conditions in 2015 and 2016 in split plot experiment based on complete randomized block design. The plants sprayed with 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM concentrations of salicylic acid at 5-6 leaf stages. After 15 days plants exposed to -0.3, -1.2 and -1.8 MPa water deficiency. Increasing water deficiency reduced RWC, chlorophyll and carotenoids content, plant height, number of nodes and branches per plant, fruit yield, fruit diameter, seed yield, number of seed per fruit and weight of 1000 seeds while it and also increased the diameter of mesocarp especially in -1.8 MPa treated plants. On the contrary, spraying with salicylic acid resulted in significant increase in RWC, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, plant height, number of nodes and branches per plant, fruit yield, diameter of fruit, seed yield, number of seed per fruit and weight of 1000 seeds. Haghest salicylic acid effect observed at 1.5 mM concentration. Most of traits under study depicated their significant reduction at -1.8 MPa water deficiency, while other traits like leaf water content, plant height, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, nodes per plant, number of branches and mesocarp diameter were reduced at -1.2 MPa. On the other hand, seed per fruit was increased significantly at -1.2 MPa as compared to -0.3 MPa water deficiency. The main reason for increment of seed number per fruit was due to reduction in mesocarp diameter and its weight. It seems that water deficiency changed the partitioning pattern of assimilates from fruit and shifted them to seeds against mesocarp or other parts of fruit. Among the yield components, seed number per fruit and number of fruit per land area had the most effect on yield formation. The variation in seed weight was not significant. According to results, pumpkin may considered as a tolerant plant to soil suction till -1.2 MPa, without a significant reduction in seed yield. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        357 - The Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes and N Fertilizer on Yield, Yield Components and the Content of Micronutrients in Brown and White Rice (cv. Hashemi and Gilaneh)
        Sajad Eisapour Nakhjiri Majid Ashouri Seyyed Mostafa Sadeghi Naser Mohammadian Roushan Mojtaba Rezaei
        10.30495/jcep.2021.683382
        Due to the limit of water availability in rice fields, alternate wetting and drying irrigation are used instead of continuous submergence to reduce water consumption in rice fields. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different irrigation regi More
        Due to the limit of water availability in rice fields, alternate wetting and drying irrigation are used instead of continuous submergence to reduce water consumption in rice fields. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different irrigation regimes and N fertilizer rates on yield, and the content of micronutrients in brown and white rice at Rashat during cropping seasons of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. Experiment was arranged in split plot based on complete randomized block design with 3 replications in which water regimes continuous submergence (I1), 7 (I2) and 15 (I3) day interval irrigation were asseigned as main factor and nitrogen fertilizer levels (50 (N1), 75 (N2), and 100 (N3) kg.ha-1) as sub factor, and cultivars, Gilanh (C1) and Hashemi (C2) as sub sub factor. Results showed that the effect of year on yield and number of panicle per m2 was significant. The interaction of different irrigation treatments and N fertilizer and cultivar on the number of panicle per m2 in 2017, yield in 2017 and 2018, and micronutrient content were significant. Increasing the irrigation intervals decreased number of panicle per m2, number of seed per panicle, weight of 1000 grain, and yield, while the consumption of 75 and 100 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer increased these traits in all three irrigation treatments compared to the level of 50 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer. Gilaneh in all irrigation treatments showed higher yield, number of panicle per m2, and number of seed in panicle. Also, increasing of the irrigation intervals increased the content of micronutrients in brown and white rice seeds. The consumption of 75 and 100 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer increased these traits as compared to the other levels of nitrogen fertilizers. The highest content of Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn was observed in brown and white rice at irrigation interval at 14 days and 100 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer application. The consumption of 100 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer increased the quantitative and qualitative grain yield of both cultivars as compared to the other two levels of nitrogen fertilizer and to irrigation regimes. Proper level of fertilizer would compensate the adverse effects of increasing irrigation intervals. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        358 - Evaluation of Water Deficit Tolerance of 10 Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.)Based on some Physiological Traits and Tuber Yield in Ardabil Region
        Alireza Nouri Ahmad Nezami Mohammad Kafi Davoud Hassanpanah
        This research was conducted to study the physiological traits affecting the yield of 10 different potato cultivars under water deficit conditions in a two-years study (2013 and 2014) in Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station. The study was performed More
        This research was conducted to study the physiological traits affecting the yield of 10 different potato cultivars under water deficit conditions in a two-years study (2013 and 2014) in Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station. The study was performed in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main-plots were three levels of irrigations (irrigation with 100%, 80% and 60% required water) and sub-plots consisted of 10 commercial potato cultivars (Khavaran, Savalan, Luca, Satina, Sante, Marfona, Caeser, Agria, Aula and Draga) released in the last 30 years. During the growing season, some physiological traits including relative water content, electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll content of the leaves were measured at their five different growth stages. Combined analysis of variance of traits showed that there were significant differences cultivars between years, and cultivars &times; water deficit stress interaction in all growth stages in terms of relative water content, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll content and tuber yield. In terms of electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll content of the leaves, there were significant differences between years, different water stress levels, cultivars and cultivars &times; water stress level. In addition, in terms of tuber yield there were significant differences between years, water stress levels, cultivars and year &times; water stress level, cultivar &times; water stress level, cultivar &times; year.&nbsp; There were significant differences in chlorophyll content of the leaves under different irrigation conditios in the first, second, third and fifth growth stages of the potato. According to the results, under normal irrigation condition, cultivars Khavaran and Satina had higher relative water content, lower electrolyte leakage, higher chlorophyll content of the leaves and higher tuber yield. Under mild water stress condition, cultivars Caeser, Draga and Khavaran and under severe stress condition, cultivars Agria and Draga maintained higher relative water content and higher tuber yield; whereas cultivars Savalan, Luca, Satina and Marfona showed lower electrolyte leakage and higher tuber yield; and cultivar Savalan showed the highest chlorophyll content of the leaves and higher tuber yield under severe stress condition and thus were selected as tolerant cultivars to water deficit conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        359 - Effect of NaCl Concentrations on some Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Three Salicornia Species under Hydroponic Condition
        behrooz tayebi Ahmad Ghanbari
        10.30495/jcep.2019.666252
        To compare morphological and physiological responses of three salicornia species to NaCl concentrations, a greenhouse experiment was carried out. The factors consisted of five levels of NaCl concentrations (5, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mML-1) and three Salicornia species (S More
        To compare morphological and physiological responses of three salicornia species to NaCl concentrations, a greenhouse experiment was carried out. The factors consisted of five levels of NaCl concentrations (5, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mML-1) and three Salicornia species (Salicornia persica ، Salicornia perspolitana and Salicornia bigelovii ). The results showed that, simple effects of salinity and species on proline, glycinebethein, carbohydrates, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, relative water content, osmotic potential in shoots, dry and fresh weights were significant. Interaction effects between salinity and species on proline, glycine betaine, carbohydrates, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, osmotic potential in shoots, dry and fresh weight were also significant. Carbohydrates concentration increased by 70-80% at 400 mM and then decreased from 5% to 13% at 600 mM concentration. Increasing salt concentration up to 600 mM, increased proline and glycine betaine contents. Osmotic potential was also increased by 3 to 4 times with increasing salinity levels. The chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents decreased at 600 mM. At 200 mM NaCl concentration, wet and dry weights were significantly increased 2 to 3 times as compared control in all of three species while at 600 mM, it was decreased by 60% to 65%. It can be concluded that with increasing salt concentration all three species tolerated higher salt concentrations throught proline and glycine-betaine accumulation and reduction of osmotic potential. S.bigelovii had the highest Na+ accumulation at 600 mM of NaCl and least accumulation of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. On the other hand, S.perspolitana at 600 mM NaCl concentration, had the highest accumulation of potassium, calcium and magnesium, and was superior to other species in terms of dry weight yield under salinity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        360 - The Effects of Physical Primings of Seeds on Agronomical Characteristics and Alkaloid Content of Datura
        سحر Baser kouchebagh F. Farahvash بهرام Mirshekari F. Rahimzadeh Khoei H. Kazemi Arbat
        To study the effects of physical seed primings on yield and alkaloid content of datura an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 10 different treatments was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Aazd University, More
        To study the effects of physical seed primings on yield and alkaloid content of datura an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 10 different treatments was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Aazd University, Tabriz branch, Iran, during growing season of 2013. Treatments of moist seeds were: ultrasonic treatment of seeds with a maximum of 3 watts, gamma and beta irradiations of seeds at 2 microcurie (&micro;c) for 10 minutes, laser irradiation at 6328 angstrom (A&deg;) and magnetic field of seeds with 40 microtesla (mt) each for 5, 10, 15 minutes respectively and control. Results indicated that seeds treated with gamma irradiation increased plant height over the control by 45%. Highest (206 g.m-2) and lowest (108.3 g.m-2) biological yields were produced when seeds treated with magnetic field for 10 minutes and laser for 5 minutes respectively. Similarly, highest (27.27 g.m-2) and lowest (14.96 g.m-2) seed yields were obtained by treating seeds with magnetic field for 15 minutes and ultrasonic respectively. Alkaloid content in the above ground plant parts was highest when seeds treated with gamma irradiation and lowest with the magnetic field irradiation for 5 minutes. It may be concluded that physical primings of seeds with magnetic field, gamma and laser irradiations would result in higher seed yields. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        361 - The Effects of Urea Fertilizer and Azotobacter and Azospirillum on Physiological Charactestis of Maize (Zea mays L.) at Khash, Iran
        عباس Soleymanifard R. Naseri
        To study the effects of urea fertilizer and bio-fertilizers on grain yield and important agronomic traits in maize (Zea mays L. Sc704), a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Payame Noor University of K More
        To study the effects of urea fertilizer and bio-fertilizers on grain yield and important agronomic traits in maize (Zea mays L. Sc704), a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Payame Noor University of Khash Research Field during 2011-2012 cropping season. Four different levels of urea consisting of zero, 25% (equal to 87.5 kg.ha-1), 50% (equal to 175 kg.ha-1) and 100% (equal to 350 kg.ha-1) based on the results of soil analysis were assigned to main plot and bio-fertilzers, including Azotobacter, Azospirillum and non- inoculation, to sub plot. Results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer affected the traits under study significantly. The highest and lowest plant height, the number of seed per ear row, the number of grain per row, ears.m-2, 1000 kernel weight, seed yield, bilogocal yield and seed protein content were obtained by using 100% nitrogen fertilizer and control (zero level of urea) respectively. Using bio-feretlizers also had a significant effect on traits under study. Bio-fertilizer had positive effect on seed yield and yield components. Thus, there was a seed yield increase of 8.4% and 8.2% by using Azotobacter and Azospirillum compared to the non- inoculated seeds, respectively.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        362 - Effect of Super-Adsorbent and Irrigation Levels on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris)
        Marouf Khalili Hamze Hamze
        10.30495/jcep.2019.669706
        To Investigate the effect of super-adsorbent and irrigation levels on quantitative and qualitative characteristics Rastar cultivar of sugar beet a split plots experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replicas was conducted at the Agr More
        To Investigate the effect of super-adsorbent and irrigation levels on quantitative and qualitative characteristics Rastar cultivar of sugar beet a split plots experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replicas was conducted at the Agricultural University of Mahabad in 2017. Irrigation in three levels (Irrigation after 60, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from class A pan) is assigned to main plats and super-absorbents A200 in four levels (0, 50, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1) to the subplots. The simple effects of irrigation regime and superabsorbent on all traits, except for the coefficient of sugar extraction, was significant. The interaction of treatments were significant on the dry weight of shoot, sugar content, root yield, and sugar yield and white sugar yield. In this research, the highest leaf area index, root length, and leaf relative water content and the lowest amount of white sugar content belonged to irrigation after 60 mm evaporation. Application of 50 and 150 kg.ha-1 super-absorbent highly increased leaf area index, root length, and leaf relative water content while it decrease the percent of white sugar content. The highest shoot dry weight (3.97 t.ha-1), root yield (69.35 t.ha-1), sugar yield (10.51 t.ha-1) and white sugar yield (9.39 t.ha-1) and the lowest percentage of sugar (15.20%) caused by irrigation interval after 60 mm evaporation and using 200 kg.ha-1 super-absorbent. Interactions due to irrigation and use of super-absorbent showed that there was the non-significant difference between irrigation regime after 60 mm in control treatment (not applicable super-absorbent) with the application of 50, 150 and 200 kg.ha-1super-adsorbent in irrigation regime after 120 mm and application of 150 and 200 kg.ha-1super-absorbent in irrigation regime after 180 mm. Thus, using of 150 kg.ha-1 super-absorbent in irrigation regime after 180 mm evaporation can have similar white sugar yield as it was under irrigation regime after 60 mm in control treatment (not applicable super-absorbent) while saving about 8650 m3 per hectare by using this treatment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        363 - Response of Durum Wheat Genotypes to Different Planting Dates and Plant Densities under Dryland Conditions
        Saeid Ghazvineh Ali Reza Valadabadi Abdol Vahab Abdolahi Saeed Seyfzadeh Hamid Reza Zakerin
        10.30495/jcep.2020.679070
        The present study was conducted to investigate the response of durum wheat cultivars to different planting dates and densities under rainfed conditions during the years 2014-2016 in Sararood, Kermanshah, using a split plot factorial experiment based on randomized comple More
        The present study was conducted to investigate the response of durum wheat cultivars to different planting dates and densities under rainfed conditions during the years 2014-2016 in Sararood, Kermanshah, using a split plot factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications. Three durum wheat genotypes (SAJI, BCR and STJ) with three sowing dates, prior to effective rainfall (the amount and time of effective rainfall were 33.2 and 34.5 mm, and 26 October, and 5 November for two years of experiment, respectively). 15 days after effective rainfall and 30 days after effective rainfall were evaluated for four densities of 250, 350, 450 and 550 plant per square meter. Traits like number of spikes per square meter, 1000 kernel weight, seed and biological yield, harvest index and absorbed radiation percentage were measured. The results of mean comparisons of simple effects showed that the number of spikes per square meter in the planting date before rainfall was more effective than two other planting dates. Biological yield and absorbed radiation percentage were 26.9 and 12.9 percent higher respectively in second year of experiment as compared to the first year. Comparison of interactions means showed that STJ genotype under 250 seeding density and 15 days sowing date after effective rainfall, produced highest 1000 kernel weight, while SAJI cultivar at 550 seeding density and planting date before effective rainfall showed the highest kernel yield. The SAJI cultivar showed highest biological yield under 450 seeding density and planting date before effective rainfall. For all three genotypes, the highest percentage of radiation absorption was observed when sowing date used before rainy season using 450 and 550 seeding densities. In this study all genotypes showed the highest traits values at first planting date and under 450 seeding density. The highest values of protein and chlorophyll content were observed using 350 seeding density. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        364 - Agro-Physiological Responses of Different Peal Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Cultivars to Water Deficit in Kerman Climatic Conditions
        Seyed Nabiladin Fatemi Ali Akbar Maghsoodi Mood Ghasem Mohammadi Nejad
        10.30495/jcep.2021.679975
        Cultivar selection is one of the most important factors to obtain maximum yield, based on the climatic conditions of each region. Drought is one of the environmental stresses that causes adverse effects on most stages of plant growth, structure and its activities. To in More
        Cultivar selection is one of the most important factors to obtain maximum yield, based on the climatic conditions of each region. Drought is one of the environmental stresses that causes adverse effects on most stages of plant growth, structure and its activities. To investigate the agro-physiological responses of different pearl millet cultivars (Hybrid 1, Hybrid 2, IP13150, IP13151, IP22269, ICMV5222, HHVBCTA) to two levels of irrigation (100% and 60% of field capacity) an split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design was done in Kerman climatic conditions. The results showed that the simple effect of irrigation treatment and also simple effect of cultivar as well as the interaction of irrigation&times;cultivar were significant for all traits, except for relative water content and chlorophyll index. Decreasing the value of irrigation water from 100% to 60% of field capacity, caused significantly reduction of chlorophyll index (20.87%) and relative humidity content (29.06%). Drought stress increased proline content in all cultivars and the highest one was obtained from HHVBCTA under this condition. The results showed that the highest values of plant height, leaf area index, fresh and dry forage yield under normal irrigation and also drought stress conditions were obtained from Hybrid 1 and IP13151 cultivars, respectively. According to the comparison results of interaction, the lowest and highest percentage reduction of fresh forage of the due to drought stress were related to IP13151 (13.16%) and Hybrid 2 (61.58%), respectively. Generally, according to the obtained results, Hybrid 1 and IP13151 cultivars are suitable for planting in Kerman climatic region under normal and stress conditions, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        365 - The Physiological Response of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) to Manure and Super Absorbent Polymer under Drought Stress Conditions
        Zahra Rezai Mohammad Rafieolhossaini
        To evaluate theeffect of different ratios of animal manure and super absorbent polymer on some physiological characteristics of fennel under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as spilt-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three repli More
        To evaluate theeffect of different ratios of animal manure and super absorbent polymer on some physiological characteristics of fennel under drought stress conditions, an experiment was conducted as spilt-plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015 at the University of Shahrekord. Different levels of drought stress consisted of three levels of: control (50 mm), 100 mm and 150 mm evaporation from class A pan assigned to the main factor and different ratios of animal manure and super absorbent polymer in six levels including: D1: lack of manure and super absorbent polymer, D2: 10 t.ha-1 manure + 150 kg.ha-1 super absorbent polymer, D3: 20 t.ha-1 manure + 100 kg.ha-1 super absorbent polymer, D4: 30 t.ha-1 manure + 50 kg.ha-1super absorbent polymer, D5: 40 t.ha-1 manure and D6: 200 kg.ha-1 super absorbent polymer to the sub-factor. The results showed that the drought stress and animal manure and super absorbent polymer and their interactions had a significant effect on proline, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid contents, seed and essential oil yields. Also, the highest seed yield (146.66 g.m-2), essential oil yield (2.99 g.m-2) and carotenoid were obtained from control with D6. The highest proline content was obtained from 150 mm with the use of D4. The highest chlorophyll b was obtained from control and D3. The highest relative water content and total chlorophyll were obtained from control and D6, while the highest chlorophyll a was achieved from control and D4 treatment. In general, the highest seed and essential oil yields were obtained from 50 mm evaporation and 200 kg/ha superabsorbent polymer treatments. On the other hand, the effects of drought stress on seed and essential oil yields decreased by application of 40 t/ha manure at 100 mm evaporation conditions. Also, at 150 mm evaporation and use of manure and superabsorbent polymer (30 t.ha-1 and 50 kg/ha, respectively), the effects of drought stress on seed and essential oil yields decreased as compared to the other treatments. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        366 - Top-dressing of Potassium Fertilizers on Safflower
        Neginsadat Amir Khalili Alidad Amiri Behzadi Esmaeil Babakhanzadeh Sajirani
        To determine the effects of potassium foliar application (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium sulphate source and top-dressing application of potassium fertilizer (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium chloride source on number of seeds per capit More
        To determine the effects of potassium foliar application (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium sulphate source and top-dressing application of potassium fertilizer (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium chloride source on number of seeds per capitulum, number of side branch per plant, seed yield, seed oil content, oil yield, seed to coat ratio, plant height and shoot dry weight in three safflower, genotypes including KW.2, Padideh and Goldasht a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, was conducted during 2013 growing season at the Agricultural Research Center of Semnan province (Shahroud). Results showed that the highest average of number of seeds per capitulum (28.70), number of side branch per plant (17.83) and seed to coat ratio (1.47) were found in KW.2 genotype. The highest seed yield (2627.7 kg/ha) and oil yield (1350.5 kg/ha) were found from potassium sulphate foliar application in Padideh and KW.2 genotypes respectively. The interaction effect of genotype &times; potassium foliar application was significant for seed and oil yields. In conclusion, it was&nbsp;determined that potassium sulphate foliar application has better impacts on seed and oil yield of safflower genotypes than potassium top-dressing application. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        367 - Effect of Mycorrhizal Strain on Yield and Essence of Two Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Land Races under Water Stress Conditions
        Bahram Mirshekari
        This study was aimed at the evaluation of yield and essence responses of two fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) local varieties to mycorrhiza under water stress conditions. It was performed in a split split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design at the Agric More
        This study was aimed at the evaluation of yield and essence responses of two fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) local varieties to mycorrhiza under water stress conditions. It was performed in a split split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Iran, during 2013. Factors under study were two fennel land races of Esfahan and Malayer assigned to main plots, three levels to irrigation (70, 100 and 130 mm evaporation from pan) to sub plots and use of two mycorrhizal strains (Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseaeas) and control to sub sub plot. Results revealed that relative water content of leaves in inoculated seeds were improved. It was also observed that chlorophyle content index of fennel leaves in inoculated plants increased by 39% compared to the control. When inoculated plants were irrigated at 100 mm evaporation from pan, it was increased in secondary branches by 4.7 per plant. Plants irrigated at 70 mm and 100 mm evaporation produced higher essence yield (18.5 l.ha-1), but its increase was only 11 l.ha-1 when plants irrigation at 130 mm evaporation. It is concluded that plants in semi arid areas may tolerate drought when seeds inoculated with mycorrhiza better than plants non-inoculated seeds.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        368 - Effects of Previous Crop and Rate of Phosphorous Fertilizer Application on Yield and Yield Components of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Shiroudi
        Abouzar Abbasian Hashem Aminpanah
        Growing berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) prior to rice can be a good strategy for reduction of chemical fertilizer consumption and increasing the sustainability of the rice cropping systems. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted by using a split-plot More
        Growing berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) prior to rice can be a good strategy for reduction of chemical fertilizer consumption and increasing the sustainability of the rice cropping systems. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted by using a split-plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, at the Rice Research Station of Tonekabon, Iran in 2014-2015. Growing berseem clover and use of fallow (control), were assigned to main plots, and amount of phosphorus fertilizer (without P and 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg.ha-1 P) to the sub-plots. At crop maturity, seed yield, yield components and phosphorus content of seeds were evaluated. The results showed that seed yield of rice (7566.3 kg.ha-1) after clover was significantly higher than after fallow (6465.1 kg.ha-1) (p&lt;0.05). Growing clover before rice significantly increased panicle number per m2 and number of filled seeds per panicle, but it did not effect thousand seed weight, significantly. Increasing application of phosphorus, from 0 to 75 kg.ha-1, increased seed yield significantly by (30.49 %), but higher phosphorus application (100 kg.ha-1) did not seed yield significantly. While, panicle number per m2 (20.5 %), filled seed number per panicle (12.93 %), biological yield (22.05 %), seed P content (14.95 %) and seed P uptake (49.2 %) were increased significantly with the application of P fertilizer as compared that of not using of phosphorus fertilizer. Based on the result of this experiment, the highest paddy yield could be obtained when rice planted after clover and use of 75 kg.ha-1 of phosphorus fertilizer. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        369 - Analyzing the status of components in social science curriculum content of secondary school
        hossein baghaei Mohammad hossein yarmohammadyan
        10.30495/jss.2022.1942228.1387
        The present study was conducted with the aim of checking the amount of considering the component of constructivism presented in the social science textbooks of the secondary school. the research sample were consisted of all social science textbooks at the secondary scho More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of checking the amount of considering the component of constructivism presented in the social science textbooks of the secondary school. the research sample were consisted of all social science textbooks at the secondary school level in the academic 92- 93. Shannon entropy method was used for content analysis.The obtained result from data analyzing showed the group iteraction was considered more than other components and there was less notice to the physical environment for learning and, assessment of group work, performance assessment, self-assessment, build Knowledge, evaluation of the learning process, Learning situation. retest reliability of the survey instrument was used to determine the value of the correlation coefficient 0/86 was obtain. According to recent research findings and to review high school social science curriculum is necessary to pay more attention to neglected component.Conflict of interest:According to the authors of the present article, there was no conflict of interest.Key words: Constructivism components, Content analysis, social science curriculum, Secondary school. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        370 - Sociological Study of Gendered Jokes Transformed in the Telegram Social Network (with emphasis on telegrams in 97)
        parniya razipur farah torkaman ali rahmani
        10.30495/jss.2020.1881076.1173
        This article aims to examine the sociology of gender jokes exchanged on the social network of telegram (with emphasis on telegram jokes in 97) and aims to answer the following questions: What issues does gender jokes address for men and women? What social and power mess More
        This article aims to examine the sociology of gender jokes exchanged on the social network of telegram (with emphasis on telegram jokes in 97) and aims to answer the following questions: What issues does gender jokes address for men and women? What social and power messages do these jokes contain? Appropriate categories were selected and analyzed to answer these questions using a combined approach and a review of previous research. This study uses content analysis method to study the content of jokes and its statistical population is jokes exchanged on the social network of telegram. The results of this study show that society's expectation of gender roles represents an ideal and traditional image that is far from the characteristics observed in the content of jokes. It can also be argued from the findings of this study that the traces of power and status inequality in the real world have been extended even to the jokes and content of jokes, so that men have even more power than women in jokes.. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        371 - Reflection of the Islamic revolution Reza Baraheni's stories Based on the analysis the content analysis method
        Vahideh Jedari Ali Ramazani Reza aghayarizahed
        10.30495/jss.2023.1993563.1579
        Reza Brahni (1401-1314) is a prominent contemporary critic, poet and storyteller, his stories are a reflection of the political conditions of Iran before the Islamic Revolution and the events of the revolution period. He has written the stories "Song of the Dead", "Secr More
        Reza Brahni (1401-1314) is a prominent contemporary critic, poet and storyteller, his stories are a reflection of the political conditions of Iran before the Islamic Revolution and the events of the revolution period. He has written the stories "Song of the Dead", "Secrets of My Land", "Well to the Well" and "What happened after the wedding" based on the Islamic Revolution. In these stories, Baraheni, as an intellectual, aims to describe the society of the Pahlavi dynasty and express the political, cultural and economic problems of the society and has emphasized the conflict between the revolutionary forces and the elements of the Pahlavi dynasty. In this article, in a descriptive and analytical case, the four stories have been analyzed with the approach of sociology of literature. The results show : the confrontation of the revolutionary people with the elements of the regime is intellectual struggle, student protests, street demonstrations, armed guerrilla activities against the regime, the efforts of the people against the elements of the regime. And in opposition to them, torturing and killing the fighters, trying to suppress the revolutionary demonstrations, is the activity of the regime elements . Suffocation, tyranny, poverty and corruption are the main features of the society that show the harsh conditions of the people and the vulgar life of the regime Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        372 - A comparative study of qualitative content analysis and hermeneutics
        Tahmoureth Shiri Neda Azimi
        This paper is a comparative study of qualitative content analysis and hermeneutics in which it is tried to compare these two analytical methods and find similarities and differences in a specified comparative format. This study is a case criticism carried by documents a More
        This paper is a comparative study of qualitative content analysis and hermeneutics in which it is tried to compare these two analytical methods and find similarities and differences in a specified comparative format. This study is a case criticism carried by documents and the results of it show that, despite the similarities of the two methods, there are significant differences between them both from ontological and methodological points of view. In qualitative content analysis, there is an attempt to adopt an analytical-constructive approach to using qualitative and phased methods by which overt and covert contents of a text to be discovered. But in hermeneutics, there is an attempt to adopt a holistic-combinatory approach and using propositional arguments by which the hidden content of a text to be discovered.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        373 - Filo centrism in Iranian family magazines stories between 91 and 92 years
        Shahram Esfandyarzadeh Maleki Sirous Fakhrayi
        This research using content analysis, studies the &ldquo;filo centrism in the stories of Iranian family magazines between years91 and&rdquo;. Secondary objectives of this study included studying relationship between parental concerns about the future of children, parent More
        This research using content analysis, studies the &ldquo;filo centrism in the stories of Iranian family magazines between years91 and&rdquo;. Secondary objectives of this study included studying relationship between parental concerns about the future of children, parental conflict, instrumental attitude to parents, parents&rsquo; ignorance from their needs, parents and children&rsquo;s different values with filo centrism. In this regard these theoretical basics are used in this study:&nbsp; parental concerns about the future of children from Cooley and Stryker, parental conflict from Veblen and mothers traditional role from James theory, instrumental attitude to parents from Stryker and Veblen, parents&rsquo; ignorance from their needs from Veblen, parents and children&rsquo;s different values from reference groups (Merton theory). This research is conducted in two parts: theoretical and practical. In terms of theory, the data gathered using the library and documents and in practical way using content analyze the data gathered through categorization and taking notes from samples. According to research findings, filo centrism has been promoted in stories of Iranian family magazines explicitly or implicitly. The main reasons of filo centrism in these magazines are parental concerns about the future of children, parental conflict, instrumental attitude to parents, parents&rsquo; ignorance from their needs, parents and children&rsquo;s different values.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        374 - The study of orientation and news coverage of Daesh in IRNA, Persian BBC and VOA sites
        Hamid Reza Yarmohammadi Haji Mohammad Ahmadi
        This research studies the structure and news coverage of Daesh comparatively in Iran in IRNA, Persian BBC and VOA websites. This is an analytical&ndash;descriptive method and the data were collected by studying the available documents and analyzing the contents of the m More
        This research studies the structure and news coverage of Daesh comparatively in Iran in IRNA, Persian BBC and VOA websites. This is an analytical&ndash;descriptive method and the data were collected by studying the available documents and analyzing the contents of the mentioned news sites and are presented in descriptive tables. The structure and the way of news coverage in these websites are different. These websites highlights the element &ldquo;that&rdquo; and the news value of &ldquo;the fame&rdquo; and this demonstrate their subject orientation and discourse orientation. Finally it is concluded that most of the news in these websites are non-productive and from this respect IRNA&rsquo;s contribution is more than the two other websites. From the subjective point of view, the resistance of Daesh, the use of Jihadi groups and trying to present them Islamic and introducing Daesh as Islamic government and not mentioning their terrorist nature, is the focus of these websites. IRNA and VOA emphasizes on hard news and BBC emphasizes on soft news or reflecting an event with its further information.Among interactive features and multimedia used in these websites, image is used mostly. On the contrary to IRNA, BBC and VOA used email and links to related subjects and sites very much. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        375 - The prioritization of media use for brand awareness in the insurance industryMahsa Veysi
        Mahsa Veisi Neda Suleimani
        This study aimed to evaluate the prioritization of media use for brand awareness in the insurance industry. Regarding the purpose of the study, it was an applied and survey research.At the first phase of the study to identify the criteria, the study population was consi More
        This study aimed to evaluate the prioritization of media use for brand awareness in the insurance industry. Regarding the purpose of the study, it was an applied and survey research.At the first phase of the study to identify the criteria, the study population was consisted of the insurers of the insurance companies of Tehran, and at the second phase, the experts' views were used to prioritize the criteria. The results of the pair-wise comparison of the main criteria showed that the media consumption (0.164) was in the first priority. The updated media (0.140) was in the second priority. The assurance (0.121) was in the third priority. The ability to transfer content (0.119) was in the fourth priority. The content media and media distinctiveness were in the subsequent priorities. Of these weights, ARAS-G method was used to determine the best media. Seven media including television advertising, radio, and billboards across the city, newspapers and magazines, internet, friends and relatives were evaluated based on the twenty-eight criteria. Finally, it was revealed that friends and relatives (social networks and word of mouth advertising) (0.998) has the highest priority. Television advertising was on the second place and the third priority was cyberspace and internet.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        376 - ارتباط میان توانش نگارش در زبان اول و دوم
        سعیده آهنگری
        در این مقاله بررسی راههای انتقال مفاهیم از زبان مادری که ممکن است به مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم کمک کند انجام گرفته است. زبان آموزان در یادگیری مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم به دو منبع دسترسی دارند: دانش و مهارت نوشتن در زبان مادری و دیگری مطالبی که اززبان دوم اکتساب میکنند. تحق More
        در این مقاله بررسی راههای انتقال مفاهیم از زبان مادری که ممکن است به مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم کمک کند انجام گرفته است. زبان آموزان در یادگیری مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم به دو منبع دسترسی دارند: دانش و مهارت نوشتن در زبان مادری و دیگری مطالبی که اززبان دوم اکتساب میکنند. تحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی تاثیر مهارتهای نوشتن در زبان مادری بر مهارت نوشتن در زبان دوم صورت گرفته است. برای انجام این تحقیق 60 نفر از دانشجویان زبان انگلیسی از دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تبریزبرگزیده شده اند. این 60 نفر به دو گروه 30 نفری یعنی یک گروه آزمایشی و یک گروه شاهد تقسیم شدند و جهت تثبیت یکسانی دانش عمومی زبان انگلیسی آنها یک تست تافل به آنها داده شده و گروه ها از روی نمرات تافل برگزیده شدند.. سپس جهت انجام تحقیق عناوینی به گروه ها داده شد که راجع به آنها انشایی بنویسند: گروه شاهد راجع به عناوین داده شده به زبان انگلیسی انشاهایی نوشتند اما از گروه آزمایشی خواسته شد که ابتدا به فارسی راجع به عناوین نوشته سپس آن را به انگلیسی ترجمه کنند. انشاهای دانشجویان توسط دو نفر از اساتید نگارش ارزیابی شده و با توجه به جدولی که در آخر این مقاله ضمیمه شده نمره داده شدند و سپس بین نمرات دوگروه تی تست گرفته شد و معلوم گردید که گروه آزمایشی نمرات بیشتری از گروه شاهد دریافت داشتند. سپس جهت تعیین اینکه این اختلاف بیشتر در کدام قسمت از نوشتارمشهود است یک تست آنالیز واریانس(ANOVA) در مورد اجزای نوشته ها انجام گرفت و نتایج نشان داد که محتوا و واژگان نوشته ها بیشتر تحت تاثیر استفاده از زبان مادری قرار گرفته اند. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        377 - ارزیابی مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب در کتاب ویژن ۳ و زبان انگلیسی پیش دانشگاهی براساس دسته بندی فریمن (۱۴۰۰) و دیدگاه معلمان
        مودت سعیدی مرتضی ماروی نیلوفر کرمی
        10.30495/jal.2022.690037
        متون موجود در کتابها به عنوان منبع غنی درونداد قابل فهم برای یادگیری زبان انگلیسی محسوب شده و عمدتا همراه با فعالیتهایی هستند که برای اطمینان حاصل کردن از درمک مطلب ارائه می شوند. با توجه به اهمیت مهارت خواندن برای دانش آموزان کلاس دوازدهم به عنوان دانشجویان آتی، مطالعه More
        متون موجود در کتابها به عنوان منبع غنی درونداد قابل فهم برای یادگیری زبان انگلیسی محسوب شده و عمدتا همراه با فعالیتهایی هستند که برای اطمینان حاصل کردن از درمک مطلب ارائه می شوند. با توجه به اهمیت مهارت خواندن برای دانش آموزان کلاس دوازدهم به عنوان دانشجویان آتی، مطالعه ی حاضر به ارزیابی و مقایسه ی بخش مربوط به مهارت خواندن در کتاب ویژن ۳ و کتاب زبان انگلیسی پیش دانشگاهی پرداخته است. از دسته بندی فریمن برای فعالیتهای خواندن و درک مطلب استفاده شده است. برای غنا بخشیدن به بخش کمی ، ۳۲ معلم پایه ی دوازدهم که سابقه ی تدریس دو کتاب را داشتند مورد مصاحبه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که سوالات مربوط به مهارت های زبانی بیشترین فراوانی را در هر دو کتاب داشته اند. کمترین فراوانی به ترتیب مربوط به فعالیتهای مربوط به عواطف و محتوا درکتاب قدیم و جدید بوده است. نتایج آزمون خی دو تفاوت معناداری میان این دو کتاب از نظر سه دسته فعالیت مربوط به مهارت خواندن نشان داد. تحلیل پاسخ معلمان به سوالات مصاحبه نیز تایید کننده ی نتایج بخش کمی مطالعه بود. معلمان از گنجانده شدن سوالات بیشتر مربوط به عواطف در کتاب ویژن ۳ ابراز رضایت داشتند اما بر این باور بودند که کتاب جدید باید از نظر کمیت و کیفیت متن ها و فعالیتهای مربوط به مهارت خواندن و درک مطلب مورد بازنگری قرار گیرد تا بتواند مهارتهای خواندن دانش آموزان را تقویت نماید. یافته ها برای تهیه مطالب درسی و معلمان کاربردهای آموزشی دارد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        378 - نگرش زبان آموزان ایرانی نسبت به عوامل میان فرهنگی در یادگیری زبان
        فرناز جاودانی حمیدرضا مهبودی ناصر غفوری
        داشتن یک پیش زمینه فرهنگی در آموزش زبان بنا به دلایل زیادی به تازگی جایگاه خاص و چشمگیری یافته است. به طور کلی، در تهیه و تدوین مطالب درسی دیگر بر ساختار تکیه نمی شود بلکه بر محتوی تاکید می گردد. این مقاله دربرگیرنده نتایج یک نظرسنجی بعمل آمده درباره نگرش زبان آموزان نس More
        داشتن یک پیش زمینه فرهنگی در آموزش زبان بنا به دلایل زیادی به تازگی جایگاه خاص و چشمگیری یافته است. به طور کلی، در تهیه و تدوین مطالب درسی دیگر بر ساختار تکیه نمی شود بلکه بر محتوی تاکید می گردد. این مقاله دربرگیرنده نتایج یک نظرسنجی بعمل آمده درباره نگرش زبان آموزان نسبت به محتوای مطالب آموزشی آنها می باشد. به همین منظور چهارصد زبان آموز دختر و پسر که در مؤسسه علوم و فنون کیش کاشان به فراگیری زبان انگلیسی مشغول بودند بر اساس چهار سطح زبانی پایه، مقدماتی، متوسط و پیشرفته برای شرکت در نظرسنجی انتخاب شدند. سؤالات بر اساس میزان لیکرت طرح و بر همان اساس ارزیابی شد. علاوه بر آمار توصیفی (Binomial)، تست آنالیز واریانس چندگانه یک طرفه (MANOVA) برای بررسی نتایج مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. نتیجه بررسی نشان داد که بإستثناء زبان آموزان سطح پایه، دیگر سطوح (مقدماتی، متوسط و پیشرفته) تمایل زیادی به داشتن اساتید دوزبانه یا دوفرهنگه داشتند. در ارتباط با تنوع لهجه های زبان انگلیسی، لهجه انگلیسی آمریکایی بیشترین طرفدار را بین سطوح متوسط و پیشرفته به خود اختصاص داد. بطور کلی زبان آموزان در همه سطوح نگرش مثبتی نسبت به تلفظ زبان انگلیسی مادری داشتند. و در نهایت پرطرفدارترین محتوای درسی به ترتیب اهمیت عبارت بودند از حقایق علمی و اجتماعی، تجارب گذشته زبان آموزان، ادبیات آمریکایی و انگیسی همراه با فرهنگ دیگر کشورها. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        379 - بررسی روایی و پایایی پرسشنامه فارسی هوش‌های چندگانه (میداس)
        مهناز سعیدی شهلا استوار برنتن شریر محمد اصغر جعفر آبادی
        هدف از این تحقیق ترجمه و یافتن پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه هوش چندگانه میداس- بزرگسالان می‌باشد. نمونه آماری تحقیق صدو ده نفر مرد و زن با دامنه سنی 17-57 می‌باشد که از سطوح مختلف تحصیلی واز قوم‌های مختلف ایرانی می‌باشند. تیم ترجمه‌ای متشکل از پنج نفر اعضا که دو زبانه در انگ More
        هدف از این تحقیق ترجمه و یافتن پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه هوش چندگانه میداس- بزرگسالان می‌باشد. نمونه آماری تحقیق صدو ده نفر مرد و زن با دامنه سنی 17-57 می‌باشد که از سطوح مختلف تحصیلی واز قوم‌های مختلف ایرانی می‌باشند. تیم ترجمه‌ای متشکل از پنج نفر اعضا که دو زبانه در انگلیسی و فارسی بوده و آشنایی با هوش چندگانه داشتند، کار ترجمه، تعیین روایی و پایایی، که شامل مراحل مرور، ویرایش و آزمون بود، را انجام دادند. نتایج تحقیق بر اساس آمار همبستگی میان-مقیاسی و کرونباخ آلفا و هم‌چنین فرآیند صحیح ترجمه نشانگر روایی و پایایی بالای پرسش‌نامه مذکور می‌باشد. بنابراین نسخه میداس فارسی می‌تواند مورد استفاده محققان، معلمان و مشاوران در جامعه ایرانی قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        380 - رابطه میان هوش بین فردی و میان فردی، اضطراب تدریس، و باورهای مدیریت کلاس در میان اساتید زبان تخصصی
        مودت سعیدی زهره بیات شهبازی
        10.30495/jal.2021.681355
        هدف مطالعه ی حاضر بررسی رابطه ی میان هوش بین فردی و میان فردی، اضطراب تدریس، و باورهای مدیریت کلاس در میان اساتید زبان تخصصی &nbsp;با رویکرد تحقیقی همبستگی بود. بدین منظور، ۹۸ استاد زبان تخصصی، بخشهای مربوط به این دو هوش از پرسشنامه ی مکنزی، پرسشنامه ی اضطراب تدریس، و ا More
        هدف مطالعه ی حاضر بررسی رابطه ی میان هوش بین فردی و میان فردی، اضطراب تدریس، و باورهای مدیریت کلاس در میان اساتید زبان تخصصی &nbsp;با رویکرد تحقیقی همبستگی بود. بدین منظور، ۹۸ استاد زبان تخصصی، بخشهای مربوط به این دو هوش از پرسشنامه ی مکنزی، پرسشنامه ی اضطراب تدریس، و ابزار سنجش باورهای مدیریت آموزشی و رفتاری را تکمیل کردند. نتایج آزمون همبستگی پیرسون، رابطه ی معنادار و منفی میان هوش بین فردی و باورهای مدیریت کلاس را آشکار ساخت در حالیکه درمیان هوش میان فردی و باورهای مدیریت کلاس ارتباطی یافت نشد.&nbsp;نتایج مشابهی در مورد رابطه ی این دو هوش و اضطراب تدریس در میان اساتید زبان تخصصی بدست آمد. علاوه بر این، رابطه ی معنادار و منفی میان اضطراب تدریس و باورهای مدیریت کلاس اساتید زبان تخصصی پیدا شد. نتایج تحلیل رگراسیون حاکی از نقش پیش بینی کننده ی هوش بین فردی برای باورهای مدیریت کلاس اساتید زبان تخصصی بود. علاوه بر این، آزمون تی مستقل نشان داد که اساتید زبان و رشته ی تخصصی که زبان تخصصی را ارائه می نمایند از نظر اضطراب تدریس و باورهای مدیریت کلاس، تفاوت معناداری دارند. نتایج در پرتو مطالعات پیشین مورد بحث قرار گرفته و برخی کاربردهای آن برای دوره های آموزشی مدرسان زبان تخصصی ارائه شده است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        381 - بررسی اثربخشی برنامه ریزی استراتژیکی پیش از تمرین بر انگیزش و صحت دستوری مهارت نوشتاری زبان آموران ایرانی
        مسعود ذوقی لیدا فخیمی شکری
        10.30495/jal.2019.664546
        با در نظر داشتن مزایای ایجاد آمادگی پیش از انجام تکالیف نوشتاری در مرحله پیش نوشتاری آموزش مهارت نوشتاری زبان انگلیسی، تحقیق حاضر سعی بر آن داشت تا تأثیر فعالیتهای مختلف برنامه ریزی استراتژیکی پیش از تمرین، اعم از برنامه ریزی هایی با تأکید بر قواعد دستور ربانی و محتوایی More
        با در نظر داشتن مزایای ایجاد آمادگی پیش از انجام تکالیف نوشتاری در مرحله پیش نوشتاری آموزش مهارت نوشتاری زبان انگلیسی، تحقیق حاضر سعی بر آن داشت تا تأثیر فعالیتهای مختلف برنامه ریزی استراتژیکی پیش از تمرین، اعم از برنامه ریزی هایی با تأکید بر قواعد دستور ربانی و محتوایی را بر روی انگیزش و صحت دستوری مهارت نوشتاری زبان آموزان پیش متوسط ایرانی بررسی کند. برای نیل به این هدف&nbsp; شصت نفر از دانش آموز پیش متوسط از بین دانش آموزان آموزشگاه آوای دانش اهر بصورت تصادفی انتخاب شدند. به منظور سنجش اثربخشی انواع مختلف برنامه ریزی استراتژیکی، دانش آموزان منتخب قبل و بعد از اعمال فعالیتهای مختلف از طریق پرسشنامه و آزمون نوشتاری که به صورت انشا نویسی برگزار شد، مورد آزمون قرار گرفتند. دانش آموزان منتخب در سه گروه بیست نفری قرار داده شدند و طی دوازده هفته، فعالیتهای خاصی را قبل از انجام تکالیف نوشتاری دریافت نمودند. در حالی که گروه کنترل بدون برنامه ریزی به انجام تکالیف پرداخت. نمرات به دست آمده توسط نرم افزار&nbsp; ANCOVA &nbsp;مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج بدست آمده حاکی از آن است که دانش آموزانی که برنامه ریزی استراتژیکی پیش از تمرین از نوع فعالیت هایی با تأکید بر قواعد دستور زبانی داشته اند، از پیشرفت قابل ملاحظه ای در صحت دستور زبانی مهارت نوشتاری برخوردارند. یافته های این تحقیق برای مدرسان، زبان آموزان و همچنین برنامه ریزان و طراحان کتب درسی زبان انگلیسی در راستای بهبود مهارت نوشتاری این زبان خارجی مثمر ثمر می باشد. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        382 - تأثیر تدریس استراتژی های ارتباطی بر خودکارآمدی صحبت کردن زبان آموزان ایرانی در کلاسهای محتوا محور
        مهناز سعیدی النا ابراهیمی فرشچی
        &nbsp;هدف از این تحقیق مطالعه تأثیر تدریس استراتژی های ارتباطی بر خودکارآمدی صحبت کردن زبان آموزان ایرانی در کلاسهای محتوا محورمیباشد. سی نفر دانش آموز در دو کلاس محتوا محور در مدرسه راهنمایی غیرانتفاعی سما در تبریز در این تحقیق شبه تجربی شرکت نمودند. یکی از کلاس ها به More
        &nbsp;هدف از این تحقیق مطالعه تأثیر تدریس استراتژی های ارتباطی بر خودکارآمدی صحبت کردن زبان آموزان ایرانی در کلاسهای محتوا محورمیباشد. سی نفر دانش آموز در دو کلاس محتوا محور در مدرسه راهنمایی غیرانتفاعی سما در تبریز در این تحقیق شبه تجربی شرکت نمودند. یکی از کلاس ها به عنوان گروه آزمایشی و دیگری به عنوان گروه کنترل انتخاب شدند. آموزش مستقیم استراتژی های ارتباطی در طی 16 جلسه یک ساعته در گروه آزمایشی صورت گرفت، در حالیکه در گروه کنترل&nbsp; تدریس مستقیم استراتژی های ارتباطی صورت نگرفت . داده های مربوط به خودکارآمدی زبان آموزان از طریق پرسشنامه ای که توسط&nbsp; نویسندگان طراحی شده بود جمع آوری شد. نتیجه تحلیل کواریانس حاکی از تأثیر مثبت تدریس استراتژیهای ارتباطی برروی خودکارآمدی صحبت کردن زبان آموزان است. یافته های تحقیق حاضر برای مؤلفین از جهت گنجاندن تمرینهای استراتژی های ارتباطی در کتب درسی و برای آموزش معلمان از جهت تدریس این استراتژیها برای افزایش خودکارآمدی صحبت کردن زبان آموزان دارای کاربرد مهمی میباشد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        383 - ارزیابی کارآمدی برنامه های ضمن خدمت بر دانش معلمان زبان انگلیسی ایرانی : مطالعه دلفی
        مریم محمودی مژگان رشتچی غلامرضا عباسیان
        10.30495/jal.2022.704104
        پژوهش حاضر به بررسی نظرات معلمان زبان انگلیسی در مورد کآرآمدی کلاس‌های ضمن خدمت (INSET) بر پایگاه دانش (KB) معلمان زبان انگلیسی در مقطع دبیرستان پرداخت. برای انجام این پژوهش، از سه بار مطالعه دلفی (روش ترکیبی) استفاده شد. بار اول مطالعه کیفی با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه سا More
        پژوهش حاضر به بررسی نظرات معلمان زبان انگلیسی در مورد کآرآمدی کلاس‌های ضمن خدمت (INSET) بر پایگاه دانش (KB) معلمان زبان انگلیسی در مقطع دبیرستان پرداخت. برای انجام این پژوهش، از سه بار مطالعه دلفی (روش ترکیبی) استفاده شد. بار اول مطالعه کیفی با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاری انجام شد و بارهای دوم و سوم مطالعه کمی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. آزمودنی‌ها 29 معلم زبان انگلیسی از استان گیلان بودند که به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب شده بودند. معیار انتخاب معلمان شرکت در کلاس های ضمن خدمت و آشنایی با کتاب های درسی Prospect و Vision بود. از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند، دیدگاه‌های آنان در مورد کلاس‌های ضمن خدمت جمع اوری شد و با استفاده از نرم افزار MAXQDA مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. سپس بر اساس ایده های معلمان پرسشنامه ای با 27 سوال تهیه شد وتوسط معلمان دوبار پاسخ داده شد. بررسی نتایج با استفاده ازآزمون های جفت شده تی (T-Test) نشان‌داد نظرات معلمان تغییرمعنادار نداشته است. معلمان انتظار داشتند که آموزش در کلاس‌ها دقیق‌تر انجام شود و برنامه ریزی برای افزایش دانش محتوایی، دانش آموزشی و دانش تکنولوژیکی آنها باشد. آزمودنی-ها پیشنهادهایی برای بهبود اجرای برنامه‌های ضمن خدمت در جهت ارتقای کیفیت آموزش معلمان دادند که می‌تواند به یادگیری دانش‌آموزان منتهی شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        384 - The Challenges of Flipped Learning: A Qualitative Content Analysis
        hafez sahebyar Ramin Habibi-Kaleybar Javad Mesrabadi Abolfazl Farid
        10.30495/jinev.2023.1972078.2797
        The rapid progress and changes in technology, the increasing use of smart devices, multimedia and Internet, and on the other hand, the epidemic of Covid-19, have directed educational systems towards virtual education and hybrid models such as flipped learning. The curre More
        The rapid progress and changes in technology, the increasing use of smart devices, multimedia and Internet, and on the other hand, the epidemic of Covid-19, have directed educational systems towards virtual education and hybrid models such as flipped learning. The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and classifying the challenges of flipped learning implementation. This study is a qualitative research with inductive content analysis approach; and its statistical population includes two groups. The first group includes a collection of articles that were related to the purpose of the research. At this stage, articles were searched from scientific journals and reliable databases such as: Noormags, Magiran and SID in Persian language between 1393-1401; and search in foreign databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, Wiley, ERIC, and Google Scholar in English between 2013-2022. The keywords were: "flipped learning", "flipped instruction", "flipped classroom", "challenges", "barriers". After the initial search of the mentioned databases, a total of 1113 sources with the indicated keywords were obtained. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 100 scientific research articles were purposefully selected for analysis. In addition to the systematic review of the articles, in order to identify more and more precisely the challenges and ensure the findings from the articles, the second group of the statistical community, that includes professors and educational experts, in the fields of educational technology , educational management, lesson planning, educational psychology and teachers who implemented the flipped learning model were referred; Among them, 15 people were selected purposefully; And they were interviewed online. The results show that the implementation challenges of flipped learning can be identified in 8 categories. Challenges related to: the learner, teacher and school, content, instruction, family, managerial and operational, ethical and security and technical and technological Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        385 - An Evaluation of Iranian Junior High Schools‛ English Textbooks Using FOG Readability Index and Survey from Experienced Teachers
        Davood Hosseini Nassab Farahman Farrokhi Jhila Morsali
        The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the content of English textbooks taught in Guidance Schools according to the Fog readability formula and from the view point of experienced English teachers. The findings: On the whole, the strong points of the books in More
        The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the content of English textbooks taught in Guidance Schools according to the Fog readability formula and from the view point of experienced English teachers. The findings: On the whole, the strong points of the books in different cases were as follows: The typing style of the books, good grammar presentation and practice, the organization of content from simple to difficult, clear instructions, correspondence with the children's age and books availability for most of the teachers and students. The weak points of the books were as follows: lacking&nbsp; attractive lay out, not having good pronunciation and vocabulary explanation, not using enough authentic language, having no attention to the learners background knowledge, not having enough correspondence with the children's real life situations, Lacking the audio cassettes. From the view point of the teachers: There was a significant relationship between the evaluation of the books and the teaching experience, the teachersُ degree and the gender of the teachers. But there wasn&rsquo;t any significant relationship between the evaluation of the books and the teaching location.&nbsp; For measuring the readability of the writings, Fog index was used.&nbsp; The results indicated&nbsp; that&nbsp; the readings of&nbsp; the books in&nbsp; all the&nbsp; grade were in low level. That is, they are very simple to read and&nbsp; students need a level higher than these ones. Consequently, all of the books were poor according to the results. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        386 - The Comparison of the Effect of Study and Planning Training through Using Electronic Content and Traditional Method on Academic Achievement in Biology Courses
        Habibeh Rezaei Hesar Roghayeh Vahdat
        This research aimed to compare the effect of study and planning training through using electronic content and traditional method on academic achievement in biology courses. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical populati More
        This research aimed to compare the effect of study and planning training through using electronic content and traditional method on academic achievement in biology courses. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population included all female students in the first grade of high school in Urmia city during the academic year 2014-2015. Totally, 52 students were selected through cluster sampling method who were randomly assigned in two equal groups (each with 26 students). The experimental and control groups respectively were trained in studying and planning using electronic content and traditional method in 10 sessions of 70 minutes. Both groups completed the teacher-made biology test of academic achievement as the pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed running ANCOVA, using the SPSS-19 software. The findings showed that training studying and planning through electronic content as compared to traditional method significantly led to an increase in the academic achievement in biology (p&lt;0/01). Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that counselors and teachers improve the studentsʼ academic achievement in biology through employing studying and planning strategies, using electronic content. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        387 - An analysis of tyler rationale in curriculum development: Identification of justifiable and neglected aspects
        Rahmat ollah Khosravi Mansoureh Kafizadeh
        The most&nbsp;longstanding&nbsp;theoretical formulation in&nbsp;the realm of curriculum&nbsp;is "Tyler&nbsp;rationale" that is reflected&nbsp;in the famous&nbsp;book&nbsp;of "Basic principles of curriculum and instruction". This article that performed with analytical me More
        The most&nbsp;longstanding&nbsp;theoretical formulation in&nbsp;the realm of curriculum&nbsp;is "Tyler&nbsp;rationale" that is reflected&nbsp;in the famous&nbsp;book&nbsp;of "Basic principles of curriculum and instruction". This article that performed with analytical method&nbsp;seeks&nbsp;to answer two central questions: 1) what&nbsp;contents&nbsp;of the&nbsp;Tyler&nbsp;rationale&nbsp;are&nbsp;still&nbsp;justifiable and&nbsp;reliable? &nbsp;2)&nbsp;What are neglected subjects&nbsp;in the&nbsp;rationale?&nbsp; In this regard, features and elements of the Tyler rationale such as educational objectives; sources for setting educational objectives (learners, society, and subject matter specialists); selecting, organizing, and evaluating learning experiences; and the type of curriculum model was studied and interpreted. What&nbsp;distinguishes&nbsp;the present&nbsp;paper&nbsp;is use&nbsp;of&nbsp;Tyler interviews&nbsp;for better understanding&nbsp;his rationale. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        388 - Evaluation of Attention to Technology Literacy Level in General Education (grades 1-9)
        Yousef Adib Mohammad Reza Ezzati Eskandar Fathiazar Firouz Mahmudi
        In the last three decades, Technology education has been part of the curriculum in public education, with the aim of fostering technology literacy. Technology education or technology literacy is an educational program that assists people to have an understanding and abi More
        In the last three decades, Technology education has been part of the curriculum in public education, with the aim of fostering technology literacy. Technology education or technology literacy is an educational program that assists people to have an understanding and ability in designing and using technology products and systems and assessing the appropriateness of technological actions. This research was conducted to analyze textbook contents with regard to technology literacy elements. The method was content analysis. The population included all textbooks in grades 1 to 9, and the sampling was purposeful in which 24 textbooks were selected and their content were analyzed by two teachers using 20 elements of technology literacy through separate coding. The data were first described in frequency tables and analyzed later. The findings showed that technology literacy elements of understanding the nature and effects of technology are presented insufficiently. Process skills development elements are presented to an acceptable extent but these processes were far from technological processes such as Designing and Troubleshooting which are technological in nature. Also, regarding technological fields, information technology was the dominant content including 3/4 of the content, and little was left to other fields. Therefore, in general, it can be concluded that the new national curriculum is potentially weak and insufficient to develop technology literacy in all its dimensions Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        389 - An investigation of qualitative and quantitative sociology content based on social perspective in curriculum development in high school
        Farnia Mohammad Ali Sedighe Pourreza
        The present research is a study of qualitative and quantitative content of high- school sociology text books based on a social perspective in curriculum development from the teachers and students points of view in Anzali. The statistical population included all the tea More
        The present research is a study of qualitative and quantitative content of high- school sociology text books based on a social perspective in curriculum development from the teachers and students points of view in Anzali. The statistical population included all the teachers&nbsp; (40 people) and the girls' high- school, second and third&nbsp; graders (580 people).The statistical sample for teachers (23 female, 15 male, 2 unknown) for students , using Cochran modified formula, was 232 people. The sampling method is ratio stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was the researcher made questionnaire on cultural transfer, social change and democratic citizenship. The research method is descriptive survey. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, Pearson&rsquo;s coefficient correlation and chi &ndash; square is used. The results showed that there are significant relations between sociology lesson content and cultural transfer, democratic citizenship, and social change. Also there are significant differences considering the questions in all of them. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        390 - The Content Analysis of the Persian Textbooks of the Elementary School Based on Multiple Intelligence Components: Shannon Entropy Method
        akbar soltani Yosef Adib فیروز محمودی Sharam Vahedi
        The purpose of the present study was to analyze the content of the Persian textbooks of the elementary school from the perspective of emphasizing the components of multiple intelligences (linguistic-verbal, mathematical-logical, visual-spatial, kinetic-physical, intrape More
        The purpose of the present study was to analyze the content of the Persian textbooks of the elementary school from the perspective of emphasizing the components of multiple intelligences (linguistic-verbal, mathematical-logical, visual-spatial, kinetic-physical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalistic, musical and Existential). The present study is a descriptive and It's the kind of content-based analysis using the Shannon Entropy method. The statistical population includes all elementary Persian language textbooks. The statistical sample is equal to the statistical population. The research tool was a checklist of multiple intelligence components based on the scientific basis of multiple intelligences (Gardner and Fleetham), which the researcher developed and its content validity was verified by five experts. The reliability obtained using the re-run technique is 0.86 for the check list. The results of content analysis showed that in Persian textbooks, the coefficient of importance of verbal and natural language intelligence (0/115), visual-spatial intelligence, mathematical-logical, kinetic-physical, interpersonal, interpersonal and Existential (0/111) and musical intelligence (0/103). In other words, each of the components of multiple intelligences in Persian textbooks has not been considered in a balanced way, and Persian textbooks do not cover in same size multiple components of intelligence. Regarding the role of multiple intelligences in student&rsquo;s life, and given the researchers' emphasis on this constract, it is essential for the authors of Persian textbooks to pay much attention to this in subsequent editions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        391 - Resource Productivity Indicators in Scientific and Technological Organizations Human
        Najaf Ghrachorloo Javid ghahremani nahr
        10.30495/qjopm.2021.1926283.3118
        Productivity can be studied from different dimensions such as energy efficiency, capital, manpower, equipment, etc. Productivity of human resources is one of its most important dimensions and the correct use of other resources also depends on its productivity. Identifyi More
        Productivity can be studied from different dimensions such as energy efficiency, capital, manpower, equipment, etc. Productivity of human resources is one of its most important dimensions and the correct use of other resources also depends on its productivity. Identifying and describing productivity indicators in different dimensions is one of the basic steps of productivity management. This is especially important in scientific and technological organizations. In the current study, the statistical population includes managers and experts of scientific and technological organizations. In this article, the mentioned indicators, with a sample size of 350 were reviewed through a questionnaire using qualitative methods of content analysis and content analysis and confirmatory factor analysis using MAXQDA, SPSS and AMOS software. The results revealed five general indicators: "effective and efficient planning", "financial and technological factors", "motivation, commitment and teamwork spirit","competitiveness and development" and "knowledge, skills and system thinking" as the most important indicators of human resource productivity in scientific and technological organizations. The indicator of knowledge, skills and system thinking has the lowest coefficient and that of effective and efficient planning has the highest coefficient in the final model. Accordingly, to increase the productivity of their human resources, scientific and technological organizations should pay special attention to team building skills, development of decentralized decision processes, strengthening the spirit of participation along with factors such as improving the quality of equipment, technologies and financial issues. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        392 - Providing an Organizational Entrepreneurship Model with a Positive Deviance Approach in the Fledgling Digital Industry
        Mohammadhoseyn Sirafi Nafis Fariz Taherikia Behnaz Khosh tinat
        10.30495/qjopm.2021.1935460.3191
        Today, the importance of paying attention to emerging digital industries in countries has led to a reduction in various issues and challenges such as employment and unemployment. In a dynamic environment of global competition, organizations are increasingly committed to More
        Today, the importance of paying attention to emerging digital industries in countries has led to a reduction in various issues and challenges such as employment and unemployment. In a dynamic environment of global competition, organizations are increasingly committed to entrepreneurial activities in order to survive and achieve success, and consider entrepreneurship as one of the development tools for the fledgling digital industry. The purpose of the current study was to present an organizational entrepreneurship model with a positive deviance approach in the fledgling digital industry. Using the qualitative method of content analysis and conducting semi-structured interviews with the experts in the field of organizational entrepreneurship, a model including effective factors (key influential variables, mediators and moderators), consequences and strategies to promote organizational entrepreneurship with a positive deviation approach in industry Start-up digital is provided. Based on the findings of a semi-structured interview with 15 academic experts and executives, 42 constructive themes were formed that can be categorized into 21 comprehensive themes under five factors: effective factors, mediating factors, moderating factors, consequences and strategies. The results showed that paying attention to organizational entrepreneurship and the factors affecting its formation within a positive deviation approach can lead to results such as innovation, growth and organizational improvement. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        393 - Developing a Conceptual Model of Blockchain Driving Factors in Promoting Entrepreneurship with a Qualitative Approach
        amir zandi mehdi Maranjory Maghsood Amiri yosef Taghipouryan
        10.30495/qjopm.2020.1895718.2804
        The present study aimed at developing a conceptual model as well as categorizing blockchain driving factors in promoting entrepreneurship. The method of study was qualitative content analysis and the main tool of the data collection was semi-structured interviews. Data More
        The present study aimed at developing a conceptual model as well as categorizing blockchain driving factors in promoting entrepreneurship. The method of study was qualitative content analysis and the main tool of the data collection was semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was performed using directional and summary hybrid content analysis techniques. The identified factors include 140 open source codes that were categorized into 6 main categories which, using MAXQDA software, were classified and a conceptual model was drawn. Kappa method was used to evaluate the reliability and quality control of the present study. The kappa coefficient, calculated by SPSS software, was 0.950 which is highly acceptable. The results show that the six identified components, driving blockchain's promotion of entrepreneurship, include economic, technological, political, legal, social and environmental. Given that blockchain technology is not yet mature enough and is being developed, the current stage is a good opportunity for business units to be able to mitigate potential risks by employing appropriate strategies and taking advantage of potential opportunities and create a lasting competitive advantage for their business. The findings of this study are expected to be key metrics to assist managers and entrepreneurs in the field of entrepreneurship. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        394 - An Exploratory study of factors influencing human resource productivity aspects in an Islamic context from the point of views of Mashhad municipal employees
        Afagh Arjmandi Nejad Habibolah Doaei Noor Mohammad Yaghoubi Seyed Aligholi Rowshan
        In recent years, regarding human resources has been considered as human capital and empowerment and developing them toward achieving human resource productivity. This study aims at an exploratory study of aspects of human resource productivity from employee's attitude o More
        In recent years, regarding human resources has been considered as human capital and empowerment and developing them toward achieving human resource productivity. This study aims at an exploratory study of aspects of human resource productivity from employee's attitude of Mashhad municipal. Thereby using qualitative method and content analysis approach with 20 persons of scientific and administrative experts from Mashhad municipal organization, deep interviews was conformed. The results of semi-structured interviews was classified in seven themes namely organizational indifference, human resource development, human resource empowerment, problems of structure and job, managerial remissness, organizational health and Islamic context that each item comprising other related concepts. In fact, the findings are providing a ground for developing this field in organizational studies from employee's point of view and increasing human resource productivity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        395 - The Analytical Study of Content Factors Affecting the Establishment of Knowledge Management in Iran National Oil Company’s Central Units
        Adel Salavati Fereshte Haghnazar
        In recent years, knowledge management has been an important and critical matter in the success of organizations to the extent that their effectiveness depends on their ability to establish, store, transfer, and use this knowledge. However, most of the organizations are More
        In recent years, knowledge management has been an important and critical matter in the success of organizations to the extent that their effectiveness depends on their ability to establish, store, transfer, and use this knowledge. However, most of the organizations are not yet prepared enough for the successful application of Knowledge management. Content factors have a key role in the successful establishment of knowledge management in organizations. The purpose of this research is to study the content factors of knowledge management including organizational structure, organizational culture and information technology in the central units of Iran National Oil Company. In this regard, a questionnaire consisting of 56 questions was devised, and its validity was confirmed. The research sample consists of 240 staff members of the central units taken by random sampling. The results indicate that in the central units of Iran National Oil Company, organizational structure and organizational culture, compared to information technology, have less capacity to apply knowledge management Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        396 - Identification and Analysis of the Function of Training Components in the Development of Entrepreneurship Education Programs from the View of the Students of Kharazmi University during 2012-2013
        Asad Hejazi Abdolrahim nohebrahim Mohammadreza Behrangi hasan zeinabadi
        This research aimed at investigating the function of the educational components in the development of entrepreneurship education programs from the view of the students. The research method was a descriptive-survey with a practical goal. The study population included stu More
        This research aimed at investigating the function of the educational components in the development of entrepreneurship education programs from the view of the students. The research method was a descriptive-survey with a practical goal. The study population included students of all levels (Ph.D., Masters, and Bachelor). For this study, 220 students of Kharazmi University were selected by using random- stratified method .The research instrument for gathering data was a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of&nbsp; which was assessed by studying sources and taking views of entrepreneurship education professionals and professors. Its reliability was tested through Cronbachُs alpha test, which was calculated &alpha;=0. 93. For data analysis, structural equation modeling approach was used. According to the results, the impact of policies on the development of entrepreneurship education programs has been approved and a direct and positive relation has been verified between the educational components- course performance, &shy;content of the program, and assessment-and the development of entrepreneurship education programs. Moreover, the findings indicate that the primary fitness indicators verifying the policy and educational factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship education programs confirm the appropriateness of the model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        397 - E-Commerce Admission Obstacles in the Industry of Dried Fruits Export ,Case Study: East Azerbaijan Province
        Mohammad Mahmoudi Meimand Ali Ghorbani Mohammad Bakhtazmay Bonab
        The industry of Dried Fruit Export is one of undeveloped industries regarding E-Commerce in Iran. This research is an attempt to investigate E-commerce admission obstacles in the industry of Dried Fruit Export of Iran and present its solutions. To achieve this purpose, More
        The industry of Dried Fruit Export is one of undeveloped industries regarding E-Commerce in Iran. This research is an attempt to investigate E-commerce admission obstacles in the industry of Dried Fruit Export of Iran and present its solutions. To achieve this purpose, we have identified the most important admission obstacles of E-commerce through reviewing the research literature and have classified them in the form of Tri-category (3C) Model in three co-structural, content and context dimensions as three research hypotheses. After distributing and collecting questionnaires among 61 randomly selected Dried Fruit Exporting companies of East Azerbaijan province and analyzing the data, all three dimensions of obstacles were supported and co-structural obstacles were recognized as the most important factors in the non-admission of E-commerce in the Industry of Dried Fruit Export. The government and related commercial organizations can consider the recommendations presented in this paper in order to help the private sector to implement E-commerce and remove the found obstacles for developing export. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        398 - Content analysis of adolescent and the beginning of youth social education books based on the social component of ethics
        Abbas Azizkhani Mojghan Niknam Hassan Ahadi
        10.22034/ssyj.2022.1949562.1225
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        399 - Assessment and Analysis of Lyrical Contents in Khales’s Poetry
        Jihad.rashid@su.edu.krd Shukri Rashid
        Lyric literature is one of the literary genres that have a high position with different shapes in Kurdish literature. Khales is a famous Kurdish poet who wrote great Persian poems. His poems are full of analytical notions from literary and linguistics views which are ti More
        Lyric literature is one of the literary genres that have a high position with different shapes in Kurdish literature. Khales is a famous Kurdish poet who wrote great Persian poems. His poems are full of analytical notions from literary and linguistics views which are till now have not been given that importance. The purpose of this paper is to revise, analyze and introduce the core of this kind of poem (the lyric poem core) of Khales. The writer of this research attempts to show in an analytical-descriptive method depending on a librarian procedure that Khales&rsquo;s poems were an immense chain of lyric poems that included in its core his soft and romantic feelings in a way that he dealt with any kind of humans feeling in this soft effective way. As in Diwan of Khales, most lyrical themes and concepts such as love, mysticism, description, praise, lamentation, debate, satire, and boasting can be observed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        400 - Analysis of Traditionalism and Thematic and Content Modernism in Monzavi’s Ghazals
        Seif Addin Abbarin
        The contemporary period in Iran's history can be seen in all aspects as a battleground between tradition and modernity. This conflict is also clearly seen in the field of literature. Some have considered tradition as a cause of deterioration and have risen against it, a More
        The contemporary period in Iran's history can be seen in all aspects as a battleground between tradition and modernity. This conflict is also clearly seen in the field of literature. Some have considered tradition as a cause of deterioration and have risen against it, and some have completely adhered to tradition and have not embraced innovation. In the meantime, there have been those who, while adhering to some components of tradition, also considered modernity and novelty as a necessity and have taken steps in this direction. Hossein Manzavi, one of the neoclassical lyricists, has such a view; He has adapted Ghazal to Nima's theories and considers himself one of Nima's "phoenix in bloom". At the same time, he calls his ghazal Hafezvar (like Hafez' poetry) and acknowledges the influence of tradition in his ghazal. This duality can be seen especially in the field of theme and content, which is the subject of the present research. This approach has caused traditional topics and themes to be seen in his poetry alongside contemporary and new topics and individual experiences; Physical love and eroticism, aesthetics different from the beloved, and realism and relying on individual experiences can be considered as aspects of his modernization in the field of theme. In the current research, the dimensions of isolated traditionalism and modernism have been investigated in the subject and theme. The result of the present research shows the integration of modernism and traditionalism in different dimensions of theme, language, and poetic images in isolated poetry. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        401 - Evolution and modeling in sustainable supply chain management research
        mehdi izadyar Abbas Toloie Eshlaghy Seyed Mohammad Seyed Hosseini Zahra Mehri
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        402 - شناسایی عوامل تعیین کننده مدیریت ریسک و سنجش تأثیر آن بر مدیریت استراتژیک در شرکت سهامی پتروشیمی تندگویان
        علی معمار حمیده رشادت جو
        درون مایة این مقاله شناسایی عوامل تعیین کننده مدیریت ریسک و سنجش تأثیر آن بر مدیریت استراتژیک در شرکت سهامی پتروشیمی تندگویان شهر ماهشهر در سال 93- 1392 است. روش تحقیق مورد استفاده توصیفی - پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری شامل 200 نفر از کارکنانشرکت مورد مطالعه می‌باشد. برای ت More
        درون مایة این مقاله شناسایی عوامل تعیین کننده مدیریت ریسک و سنجش تأثیر آن بر مدیریت استراتژیک در شرکت سهامی پتروشیمی تندگویان شهر ماهشهر در سال 93- 1392 است. روش تحقیق مورد استفاده توصیفی - پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری شامل 200 نفر از کارکنانشرکت مورد مطالعه می‌باشد. برای تست فرضیات این تحقیق از پرسشنامه‌ای محقق ساخته مشتمل بر 45 سؤال استفاده گردید. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل یافته‌ها از آزمون‌های کولموگروف &ndash; اسمیرنوف،رتبه بندی فریدمن، برازش نکویی خی دو، تی تک گروهی استفاده شده است. نتایج یافته‌ها از دیدگاه کارکنان شرکت مورد مطالعه نشان داد: مدیریت ریسک تاحدود زیادی می‌تواند بر مدیریت استراتژیک(انتقال ریسک، اجتناب از ریسک، کاهش ریسک، پذیریش ریسک) مؤثر باشد. و از نظر محتوا، فعالیت و پیامدها تاحدود زیادی می‌تواند بر مدیریت استراتژیک مؤثر باشد. همچنین طبق رتبه بندی آزمون فریدمن بین میانگین رتبه‌های تأثیر عوامل تعیین کننده مدیریت ریسک(محتوا، فعالیت، شرایط، پیامدها) بر مدیریت استراتژیک تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. که میزان تأثیر مدیریت ریسک از نظر محتوا بر مدیریت استراتژیک با میانگین رتبه(88/2) بالاترین&nbsp; و دسترسی آنان و تأثیر مدیریت ریسک از نظر شرایط بر مدیریت استراتژیک با میانگین رتبـه(17/2) ضعیف ترین تأثیر را&nbsp; نشان می‌دهد. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        403 - Some quantitative indicators and leaf pigment content of old beech in the pure and mixed stand (Case study: Asalem- Nav forests of Guilan)
        Mir mozafar Fallah chai mehdi simaei niloofar mohamadzadeh
        The beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is one of elite and extremely valuable species in the forests of northern Iran, which examining the quantitative indicators in both pure and mixed stand can be characterized the recovery or destruction of a forest population. In order More
        The beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) is one of elite and extremely valuable species in the forests of northern Iran, which examining the quantitative indicators in both pure and mixed stand can be characterized the recovery or destruction of a forest population. In order to, after the jungle cruise and field study in Asalem-Nav forests, a pure and mixed stand of parcel 319 with an area of 54 acres that have similar conditions were examined. Then 30 poles of old beech trees with a diameter of more than one meter were selected randomly and some of quantitative and qualitative characteristics were measured. The results showed there was no significant difference between beeches of two stands about the diameter at breast height, total height, trunk length and percentage of trunk length slenderness. Also, Qualitative variables of crown symmetry in both symmetric and asymmetric, trunk twisting in three modes (Lack of twisting, sensible twisting to the right, A subtle twisting to the left), mode of branching on beech tree trunk with divisions of branchless, low-branching and high branching have significant differences at the 95% probability level. Furthermore, allelopathic performance of a variety of tree species in the adjacent beech mixed stand led to a significant reduction in the content of photosynthetic pigments chl.a, chl.a+b and carotenoids. Whereas flavonoid concentration in the mixed stand indicated a considerable increase compared to the pure population. Thus, it can be concluded that some quantitative traits in the same ecological conditions are not affected by the adjacent species of beech. The results also indicated that the percentage of symmetry in the crown of the trees in pure stand is more but the high average of the tree length and asymmetry crown in mixed stand can due to the existence of other species and compete for more light. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        404 - The effect of spraying humic acid on some morphological and physiological traits of bean (Vicia faba L.)
        Morteza Sam Deliri samaneh roudgarnezhad Amir Abbas Mousavi Mirkalaei Mojtaba neshaee moghaddam
        In order to evaluate the effect of spraying humic acid on some morphological and physiological traits of fava bean, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Chalous during 2014-16. The investigated factors inc More
        In order to evaluate the effect of spraying humic acid on some morphological and physiological traits of fava bean, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Chalous during 2014-16. The investigated factors included spraying time at three levels (before planting, mid-vegetative growth, and the beginning of reproductive growth) and the amount of humic acid spraying at four levels (0, 200, 300, and 400 mg/l/ha). The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of year &times; amount of humic acid on the most studied traits showed a significant difference at a probability level of 1%. Also, interaction of year &times; consumption time of humic acid had a positive and significant effect on dry weight of 100 seeds, grain yield, and nitrogen and potassium contents of seeds at p&le;0.01. Triple interaction of year &times; amount &times; consumption time of humic acid on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents were significant at p&le;0.05. Comparison of means showed that spraying humic acid at 200 mg /L/ha had a positive and significant effect on fresh weight of 100 seeds and grain yield. Also, spraying humic acid at 300 mg/L/ha at the second stage of vegetative growth in the second year was effective on the concentrations of potassium and phosphorus in seeds. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        405 - Evaluation drought tolerance of sunflower inbred lines and synthetic cultivars at temperate climate of Kermanshah
        SEYED MEHDI SAFAVI
        At this study, the effect of drought stress on some agro-physiological characteristics of 15 sunflower genotypes including three check cultivars, eight inbred lines and four synthetic cultivars was evaluated using Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three repl More
        At this study, the effect of drought stress on some agro-physiological characteristics of 15 sunflower genotypes including three check cultivars, eight inbred lines and four synthetic cultivars was evaluated using Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replicates under non-stress and drought stress conditions at Dryland Agricultural Research Sub-Institute (Sararood Station), AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran during 2013-2014 cropping year. The mean kernel yield of genotypes was 715 and 597 kg/ha under non-stress and stress conditions, respectively which shows a 19.02% reduction due to drought stress. Check cultivar &ldquo;Zaria&rdquo; and line &ldquo;Sil-292&rdquo; had the highest percentage of yield loss with more than 30%. Synthetic cultivars &ldquo;Sil-94&rdquo;, &ldquo;Sil-54&rdquo; and &ldquo;Sil-96&rdquo; had the lowest percentage of reduction with less than 5%. Kernel oil content ranged from 45.5 to 51.7% in non-stress conditions and from 35.4 to 49.9% in drought stress conditions. Drought stress caused about 10% decrease in kernel oil of the genotypes. Overall, drought stress caused early flowering, reduced agronomic and morphological traits and kernel oil content and increased relative electrolyte leakage and leaf relative water loss. Genotypes &ldquo;SIL-54&rdquo;, &ldquo;SIL-42&rdquo;, &ldquo;SIL-140&rdquo; and &ldquo;SIL-237&rdquo; were recognized as the most tolerant genotypes using ranking method and its parameters. These genotypes were identified as the best genotypes based on the biplot diagrams under the both conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        406 - Effects of methanol spraying on some biochemical and physiological characteristics of soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress
        Behzad Amraei Farzad Paknejad Mohammadali Ebrahimi Hamid Sobhanian
        In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and drought stress on some biochemical properties of soybean (Glaycine max L.), a pot experiment was done in farm environment. The experiments were done in factorial form based on a completely random d More
        In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and drought stress on some biochemical properties of soybean (Glaycine max L.), a pot experiment was done in farm environment. The experiments were done in factorial form based on a completely random design with 3 repetitions. Treatments included three irrigation levels of normal (irrigation after 40% depletion of available soil moisture), average stress (irrigation after 60% depletion of available soil moisture), and severe stress (irrigation after 70% depletion of available soil moisture) as the main factor and levels of methanol in the form of foliar application including control solutions (foliar application without use of methanol) and solutions of 14.7% and 21% of methanol as secondary factor. Results obtained from the study showed that there were significant differences between various levels of methanol in content of chlorophyll and carotenoid compounds, relative water content, phenolic compounds, total protein content, proline, and leaf peroxide hydrogen in (P&le;0.01). With the application of stress from mild to severe, application of 14% methanol showed more pronounced effects on total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Moreover, under mild and severe stress conditions, with application of the highest value of methanol, production of peroxide hydrogen reached lowest level and the content of phenolic compounds increased with the increased application of methanol from 7% to 14%. According to the obtained results, with application of 14% methanol, more increase was observed in the efficiency of proline under severe stress conditions. Increasing the volume of methanol from 7 to 14%, the relative water content was preserved under stress conditions. For protein, with increased drought stress, the effect of application of 14% methanol was the same in comparison with 21% methanol. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it is concluded that methanol could improve plant resistance against drought stress. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        407 - Evaluating the effects of water stress and urban waste compost on morpho-physiological indices and yield components of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik)
        Raheleh Ahmadpour Saeed Reza Hossain Zade
        Compost fertilizer because of containing abundant nutrients, high capacity for holding water, plant growth regulators and helpful microorganisms can improve soil physicochemical characteristics and play an effective role in plant growth and development. In order to eval More
        Compost fertilizer because of containing abundant nutrients, high capacity for holding water, plant growth regulators and helpful microorganisms can improve soil physicochemical characteristics and play an effective role in plant growth and development. In order to evaluate the effects of compost fertilizer on morpho-physiological indices of lentil under water deficit stress, a factorial experiment was conducted in a natural environment and with three replications based on a completely randomized design in the Khatam Alanbia University of Behbahan. The experiment treatments consisted of five ratios of compost fertilizer and soil (0:100, 5:95, 15:85, 25:75, and 35:65) and three levels of water stress inclding no stress, moderate stress, and severe stress (irrigation at 25, 50, and %75 of field capacity, respectively). Results showed that there were significant differences in all traits under different compost fertilizer and water stress levels. The findings also showed that under no stress and moderate water stress conditions, application of a mixture of compost and soil at %25 and %35 weight, resulted in a significant increase in the plant height, leaf area, leaf number, root dry weight, root length, root area, and Chlorophyll a and a/b ratio compared to the control levels. Under severe water stress, application of compost at 35% level led to a significant increase in the number of leaves, leaf area, root length, and Chlorophyll a content. Therefore, the use of a mixture of compost and soil (especially 35:65 ratio) is recommended to improve the morpho-physiological characteristics and yield componentsof lentil under moderate (or severe) water stress conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        408 - Evaluation of physiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum cv. Keshkeni luvelou) under different levels of methyl jasmonate and lead toxicity
        Somaye Asadi Mohammad Moghaddam Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Amir Fotovat
        This study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate on some physiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of basil under lead toxicity, based on a factorial and completely randomized design with three replications at Ferdowsi University More
        This study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate on some physiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of basil under lead toxicity, based on a factorial and completely randomized design with three replications at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Research Greenhouse. The experimental treatments included Pb (NO3)2) at three levels of (0, 200, and 400 mg/kg soil) and foliar application of methyl jasmonate at three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 mM). Measured traits included chlorophyll a, b, and total, carotenoids, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, antioxidant activity, soluble carbohydrate, total phenol, and proline. Results showed that in the plants treated with lead, the amount of proline, relative water content, chlorophyll a, antioxidant activity and total phenol reduced in comparison with control plants and application of methyl jasmonate (0.5 mM) under lead stress increased these traits. Furthermore, electrolyte leakage increased significantly under lead stress, while it was decreased by spraying with methyl jasmonate. Therefore, using methyl jasmonate is justified for protecting economic performance of plants under stress. Also, application of 0.5 and 1 mM methyl jasmonate reduced and adjusted the effects of stress in the plants under lead stress through stimulating production of antioxidants. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        409 - Evlauation of application methods of nitroxin and nitrogen on yield and some physiological traits of maize (Zea mays L. cv SC 704)
        Sahi Tale Mani Mojaddam
        To evaluate the application methods of nitroxin and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and physiological traits of maize (SC 704), a field experiment was carried out in Ahvaz based on a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013-2014. The More
        To evaluate the application methods of nitroxin and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and physiological traits of maize (SC 704), a field experiment was carried out in Ahvaz based on a split plot randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013-2014. The treatments included four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N1:100%, N2: 75%, N3:50%, N4: 25%) pure nitrogen (equivalent to 180 kg per hectare) as the main factor and nitroxin biological fertilizer application method at two levels (seed inoculation B1 and with irrigation water B2) as the secondary factor. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased grain yield and physiological traits. The highest and lowest grain yields were obtained in 75% and 25% nitrogen treatments respectively. The biological fertilizer, nitroxin, had a significant impact on performance, chlorophyll a and b, efficiency, and NAE. The highest grain yield was recorded in B1 (seed treatment). In this study, while method of application of nitroxin showed no significant effect on the traits under study, the combined use of bio-fertilizer with N fertilizer, in addition to producing sufficient crop and improving nitrogen uptake efficiency, could reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer by 25 percent. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        410 - Effects of Alhagi maurorum and Cardaria draba weeds on mineral nutrients absorption in wheat
        Nayer Mohammadkhani Moslem Servati
        Allelopathy can affect the plant growth and change the soil nutrient contents. The aim of this study was evaluation of the allelopathic effects of Alhagi maurorum L. and Cardaria draba L. as two important weeds in wheat fields on nutrient absorption of this crop. Pot ex More
        Allelopathy can affect the plant growth and change the soil nutrient contents. The aim of this study was evaluation of the allelopathic effects of Alhagi maurorum L. and Cardaria draba L. as two important weeds in wheat fields on nutrient absorption of this crop. Pot experiments were designed to study the allelopathic effects of A. maurorum and C. draba shoots on mineral nutrient contents in wheat. The absorption of high demand (NO3-, K+, Ca2+ and P) and low demand micronutrients (Fe2+ and Cu2+) in roots and shoots of wheat plants reduced in plants cultivated on rhizospheric soil of A. maurorum and C. draba. Allelopathy did not affect absorption of Mg2+,&nbsp; Mn2+, and Zn2+. Allelopathic effect of A. maurorum was significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher than C. draba. It seems that decrease in mineral nutrients absorption was because of allopathic effects of the released allelochemicals from the roots of C. draba and A. maurorum. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        411 - Effect of the growth retardant chlormequat chloride (CCC) and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar makuyi
        Ahmad Afkari Mitra Abbasi
        To study the effects of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar makuyi a factorial randomized complete block design was used More
        To study the effects of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar makuyi a factorial randomized complete block design was used with 4 replications in spring 2015. Treatments included chlormequat chloride concentrations (0, 500, 1,000, and 1500 mg/ha) and nitrogen at 3 levels (50, 100, and 150 kg/ha). Results suggest a significant difference between interaction effects of chlormequat chloride and nitrogen fertilizer on chlorophyll content, relative water content, yield and protein percentage, and &nbsp;activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes at 1% probability level and in the number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight, and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity at 5% probability level. An increase in the consumption of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the relative water content of leaves due to reduced leaf water potential. Chlormequat chloride by transferring sufficient photosynthetic material to the seeds played an important role in their filling and increased seed weight. Also, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes were decreased by increasing the consumption of chlormequat chloride concentration and nitrogen uptake. In general, through applying 1500 mg/ha chlormequat chloride and 150 kg/ha nitrogen, the highest chlorophyll content, relative water content, yield components, yield, and protein percent were obtained. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        412 - Effect of mycorrhizal fungi and foliar application of putrescine on some biochemical characteristics and biomass of basil (Ocimum ciliatum L.) in two different harvesting times
        Sara Farsari Mohammad Moghaddam
        In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and foliar application of putrescine on some biochemical characteristics, essential oil content, and biomass of basil (Ocimumciliatum L.), a split plot in time experiment with three replications was performed based More
        In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and foliar application of putrescine on some biochemical characteristics, essential oil content, and biomass of basil (Ocimumciliatum L.), a split plot in time experiment with three replications was performed based on a completely randomized design. Treatments included three levels of mycorrhizal fungi (control, Glomusmossea, and Glomusintraradicese) and three levels of putrescine (0, 1, and 2 mM) as main factors and two harvesting times as sub-factor. Results indicated that application of mycorrhizal fungi and putrescine influenced &nbsp;the biochemical traits, fresh and dry biomass of aerial parts, and essential oil content of the plants. The highest amount of chlorophyll a and essential oil content were observed at G. mossea and 2 mM putrescine application in the first harvesting time. The highest amounts of chlorophyll b and carotenoid were obtained at G. intraradicese and 2 mM putrescine application in the first harvesting time. But with increasing the day time length and temperature, the amount of photosynthetic pigments in the second harvesting time decreased. The highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were observed in the treatment of G.intraradicese without putrescine spraying in the second harvesting time. The highest fresh and dry biomass of aerial parts were observed by applying G. mossea; but, no significant difference was observed between the two concentrations of&nbsp; putrescine and only a significant increase was recorded in comparison with no putrescine treatment. Generally, applying both types of mycorrhizal fungi as biofertilizers with foliar application of 2mM putrescine could significantly improve the traits in this study. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        413 - Effect of nano-TiO2 and salicylic acid foliar application on some physiological traits of Echinaceae purpurea L. under water deficit stress
        Asiyeh Omid-Haghi Ebrahim Khalilvand Behrouzyar Farhad Farahvash Mehrdad Yarnia Abdollah Hasanzadeh
        In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and nano-TiO2 and salicylic acid foliar application on some physiological traits of Echinaceae purpurea under water, an experiment was conducted in split plot factorial based on RCBD in three replications at the Resea More
        In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and nano-TiO2 and salicylic acid foliar application on some physiological traits of Echinaceae purpurea under water, an experiment was conducted in split plot factorial based on RCBD in three replications at the Research Station of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, during growing seasons of 2017-2018. The main factors were water deficit stress at three levels of 50, 75, and 100% filed capacity, thefactorial combination of nano-TiO2 (n-TiO2) foliar application at two levels (0.02 and 0.04%) and salicylic acid foliar application at two levels (0.02 and 0.04%), and also distilled water foliar application as control treatment. Findingsshowed a significant effect of water deficit stress on relative water content (RWC) and proline (p&le;0.01). Also, interaction of the effects of water deficit stress and nano-TiO2 and salicylic acid foliar application on Chl. b, total Chl., and hydrogen peroxide contents was significant (p&le;0.01). Application of water deficit stress treatment up to 50% FC increased proline content by 40% and reduced RWC by 10% compared to complete irrigation (100% FC). Furthermore, 0.04% n-TiO2 and 0.04% SA foliar application increased hydrogen peroxide content by 50% compared to complete irrigation group and the control. The maximum total Chl. Contents of leaves was obtained under 100% FC irrigation and and 0.04% n-TiO2 and 0.02% SA foliar application showing 79.52% increase compared to 100% FC irrigation and no foliar application. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        414 - Evaluating some qualitative and quantitative indices of local rice cultivars in paddy field planting systems in north of Iran
        Nader Moeini MOHAMMAD REZA DADASHI Salman Dastan Abolfazl Faraji
        This experiment was conducted with the aim of evaluating the planting systems of local rice cultivars in the research paddy fields located in Neka, Sari and Babol during 2017 and 2018. Data analysis was done based on a factorial experiment in a complete randomized block More
        This experiment was conducted with the aim of evaluating the planting systems of local rice cultivars in the research paddy fields located in Neka, Sari and Babol during 2017 and 2018. Data analysis was done based on a factorial experiment in a complete randomized blocks design where planting systems including conventional, high-input, transition to organic, organic, and low-input were chosen as the first factor and cultivars including &lsquo;Sang Tarom&rsquo;, &lsquo;Tarom Mahalli&rsquo;, and &lsquo;Tarom Hashemi&rsquo; served as the second factor. Results demonstrated that the highest mean number of panicle per m2 in both years belonged to the high-input system. The highest fourth internode lodging index was obtained at interaction of high-input and conventional system with &lsquo;Sang Tarom&rsquo;. The maximum paddy yield in both years was produced in high-input and conventional systems. The highest grain phosphorous uptake, nitrogen harvest index, potassium harvest index, and gel consistency were achieved in high-input and conventional systems. The highest grain milling efficiency in the first year belonged to the conventional system (72.83%), but in the second year, it belonged to the transition to organic system (75%). Gelatinization temperature in both years was maximum in the conventional system while it was minimum in the low-input and organic systems. Regarding the findings, it can be stated that high-input and conventional systems resulted in increase of quantitative yield, but organic and transition to organic systems led to an increased NPK uptake and improvement of the grain baking related traits. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        415 - Evaluation and comparison of ten ecotypes of Teucrium polium L. in tolerance to drought stress
        Zahra Tohidi Hamid Sobhanian amin baghizadeh
        10.30495/iper.2021.679559
        Medicinal plants, as important agricultural products, can be considered as the greatest national wealth for any country because of their vital role in promoting national goals for health and also as genetic treasures. Having a diversity of climates, Iran has a great var More
        Medicinal plants, as important agricultural products, can be considered as the greatest national wealth for any country because of their vital role in promoting national goals for health and also as genetic treasures. Having a diversity of climates, Iran has a great variety of medicinal plants. Detecting the growth status of medicinal plants under drought stress conditions can lead to the cultivation of resistant plants in dry or semidry areas. In the present study, we investigated the morphological and physiological responses of ten ecotypes of the medicinal plant Teucrium polium L. native to southeastern Iran under drought stress. For this purpose, a factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. In this experiment, moisture treatments of 100, 70, and 40% of field capacity were applied. Analysis of the data showed that the morphological traits under study including stem length and fresh and dry weight of shoots decreased by 5% with increasing drought stress. Drought stress also increased root length, proline content, and phenolic compounds while decreasing chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and protein contents. The highest resistance to stress was shown by ecotypes growing in Sarcheshmeh and Kuhpayeh regions and the lowest resistance was shown by plants in Shahdad and Anbarabad regions. The results of the study indicated the relative resistance of this plant to drought stress. Therefore, it is a very suitable medicinal plant for cultivation in dry and low water areas of Iran. Among the studied ecotypes, the plants of Sarcheshmeh and Kuhpayeh regions responded 40% better to drought stress conditions and cultivation of these ecotypes in stressed areas can be recommended with more confidence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        416 - Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation on Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) Under Drought Stress
        Olia Eshaghi Gorgi Hormoz Fallah yousof niknejad Davood Barari Tari
        10.30495/iper.2022.1950524.1768
        The use of plant symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the ways to reduce drought stress that has recently been used in agriculture. In the present study, the response of lemon balm (Melissa officinal More
        The use of plant symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is one of the ways to reduce drought stress that has recently been used in agriculture. In the present study, the response of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) plants to microbial inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR, Azospirillum brasilense) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF, Glomus mosseae) and co-inoculation (AMF+PGPR) under well-irrigated (100% field capacity) or drought stress (50% field capacity) conditions were investigated. This study was conducted in 2020 in the greenhouse of Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with five replications. The results of the present study showed that drought stress by reducing the relative water content (RWC, 17.8%), declined transpiration rate (E, 62.2%), stomatal conductance (gs, 36.8%), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci, 22.5%), and net photosynthesis (Pn, 48.5%) of the plant compared to control plants. Drought stress also induced oxidative stress by increasing the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (2.1-fold) and methylglyoxal (2-fold), resulting in damage to bio-membranes and photosynthetic apparatus and reduced growth of lemon balm. However, microbial inoculation, especially co-inoculation of PGPR and AMF, by improving the proline content and RWC, restored Ci, E, gs and Pn under drought stress. Microbial treatments by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the glyoxalase system reduced the level of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal and alleviated drought stress-induced oxidative stress, which increased the growth of lemon balm under drought stress by protecting bio-membranes and photosynthetic pigments. Therefore, the results showed that the application of G. mosseae and A. brasilense alleviated the negative effects of drought stress on lemon balm. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        417 - Effects of Mycorrhizae and nano Fe-Zn oxide on nodulation and quantitative and qualitative yield of rain fed lentil (Lens culinaris L.)
        Ravanbakhsh Aghahei Raouf Seyed sharifi Hamed Narimani
        10.30495/iper.2022.690263
        In order to study the effects of mycorrhizae and foliar application of nano Fe and Zn oxides on nodulation and quantitative and qualitative yield of lentil under rain fed conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with thr More
        In order to study the effects of mycorrhizae and foliar application of nano Fe and Zn oxides on nodulation and quantitative and qualitative yield of lentil under rain fed conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in a farm at Zardalo village, Ardabil province during 2017-2018. Treatments included foliar application of nano Fe and Zn oxides at four levels (foliar application with water as control, foliar application of nano iron oxide (0.6 gL-1), nano zinc oxide (0.6 gL-1), combined foliar application of nano Fe and Zn oxides (0.3 g L-1 each), and application of mycorrhiza at four levels (no application of mycorrhiza as control, application of Mycorrhizae mosseae, Mycorrhiza intraradices, and combined application of Mycorrhiza intraradices with mycorrhiza mosseae). Means comparison showed that foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxides as well as combined application of mycorrhizal mosseae and intraradices increased number of active nodules per plant, percentage of active nodules per plant, 100 grain weight, and grain yield by 173.2, 93.08, 36.58, and 58.34% respectively in comparison with no foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxide and no application of mycorrhiza. Also, combined foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxide along with mycorrhiza mosseae and intraradices increased respectively the number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant, dry weight of root, zinc content of grains, and protein contentof grains increased by 42.14, 95.17, 12o, 58.2, and 47.55%, respectively in comparison with no application of mycorrhiza and nano Fe-Zn oxide. It seems that foliar application of nano Fe-Zn oxide and mycorrhiza application owing to improving some morphophysiological traits can be considered as a proper method for increasing quantitative and qualitative yield and mitigating the effects of water deficit in rain fed conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        418 - Effect of different nitrogen and sulfur levels on yield, yield Components and Some Quality Characteristics
        Hossien Ebrahimi Abolfazl Faraji morteza samdaliri Amir Abbas Mousavi Amir Kolahi
        10.30495/iper.2022.1957384.1789
        In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and sulfur on quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Field of Shastklateh Forest of Gorgan in 2018. Fou More
        In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and sulfur on quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Research Field of Shastklateh Forest of Gorgan in 2018. Four amounts of nitrogen fertilizer 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg of pure nitrogen per hectare (from urea source) as the first factor, two amounts of sulfur fertilizer to zero (control) and 200 kg / ha as the second factor and two spring rapeseed genotypes Hyola 50 hybrid and ARGS 003 were selected as the third factor. The results showed that biological yield, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, number of pods per square meter, number of seeds per pod, protein percentage and oil percentage were affected by cultivar, nitrogen and sulfur. Comparison of the average interactions of nitrogen and cultivar showed that biological yield (8360 kg/ha), grain yield (275.6 g/m2), 1000-grain weight (4.1 g), number of pods per square meter (5323.53), Number of seeds per pod (31.64) and grain protein (24.32%), Soluble sugar (33.35 &mu;mol/g) and total chlorophyll (1.38 mg/g) at the level of 100 kg N/ha and Hyola 50 hybrid cultivars and the highest grain oil (41.65%) at the level of 75 kg N and hybrid cultivars Monsters 50 were observed. Also, the comparison of the mean of the interaction of sulfur and cultivar showed that the highest number of latere better ability to absorb and transfer nitrogen and sulfur and therefore produce more yield. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        419 - Evaluation of some root growth traits and activity of enzyme and nonenzyme antioxidants of different cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) effected by phosphorous fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi in rainfed condition
        Houshang Naseri Rad Rahim Naseri
        10.30495/iper.2022.690239
        &nbsp;In order to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorous fertilizer on some root growth traits and activity of enzyme and nonenzyme antioxidants of durum wheat in rainfed conditions, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized comp More
        &nbsp;In order to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorous fertilizer on some root growth traits and activity of enzyme and nonenzyme antioxidants of durum wheat in rainfed conditions, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Sarableh Agricultural Research station during growing season 2018-2019. Four cultivars of durum wheat (Dehdasht, Zahab, Savarz and Saji) as the first factor and five levels of fertilizer source (control, 25 and 50 kg.ha-1 P, mycorrhizal fungi (GM), mycorrhizal fungi + 25 kg.ha-1 P) as the second factor were considered. The average comparison results of simple effects indicated that Zahab and Saji cultivars among cultivars and combination treatment of mycorrhizal + 25 kg / ha P and then 50 kg / ha P had the greatest effect on improving the studied traits. The interaction effect of cultivars and fertilizer sources revealed that the combined use of phosphorous fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi had better results compared to their use alone. So that, the highest fresh and dry weight, length density, and root water content and activity of ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione synthetase was obtained in combined treatment of mycorrhizal and phosphorus fertilizer at Zahab and Saji cultivars. However, the lowest specific root length, and malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide activity were obtained in the same treatment and cultivars. In general, the results showed that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi in rainfed conditions, especially in Zahab and Saji cultivars, in addition to reducing the application of phosphorus fertilizer can improve root growth characteristics and activity of enzyme and nonenzyme antioxidants. As a result, it reduces the peroxidation of membrane lipids (the decline in production of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide) and increases drought stress tolerance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        420 - Effects of cycocel and micronutrients on yield, physiological traits, and antioxidant activity of maize (Zea mayz L.) in low irrigation conditions at the end of the season
        Seyed Nouradin Ghaffari Alireza Shokuhfar Mani Mojaddam Shahram Lack Aziz Afarinesh
        10.30495/iper.2022.1944250.1746
        In order to investigate the effect of cycocel and micronutrient consumption on yield, physiological traits, and antioxidant content of maize under low irrigation conditions at the end of the season, a split factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized comp More
        In order to investigate the effect of cycocel and micronutrient consumption on yield, physiological traits, and antioxidant content of maize under low irrigation conditions at the end of the season, a split factorial experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in Safiabad Agriculture Research Center in Dezful during two cropping years 2017-18 and 2018-19. The main treatment included water stress with three levels control (without water stress), water stress in female flower formation stage and water stress in grain swelling stage. Also, foliar application of cycocel at three levels of control (no use of cycocel), 442.5 ppm, and 885 ppm and three levels of micronutrient fertilizers, namely control (no fertilizer application), foliar application of 1000 g. ha-1, and foliar application of 1500 g. ha-1 were considered as the sub-factors. Results of the combined ANOVA showed that the interaction of the effects of year, stress, micronutrient, and cycocel on relative water content, proline and grain yield and also the interaction of the effects of stress, micronutrient, and cycocel on hydrogen peroxide, glutathione peroxidase, and soluble proteins were statistically significant (p&le;0.01). The results also showed that the highest activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme was obtained under stress conditions at the grain swelling stage, which showed an increase by about 37% compared to the irrigation treatment under optimal conditions. Foliar application of 1500 g. ha-1 micronutrient and 885 ppm cycocel in non-stress conditions increased the average grain yield (11500 kg. ha-1) in the second year by about 85% compared to stressed condition at grain swelling stage and no application of micronutrient and cycocel. In general, to increase grain yield under optimal irrigation conditions and reduce the drop in stress conditions, growth regulators such as cycocel with a concentration of 885 ppm and micronutrient foliar application at 1500 g. ha-1 are recommended. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        421 - The effect of growth-promoting bacteria on yield and some biochemical characteristics of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under drought stress conditions
        Maedeh Yousefian Shahaboddin Mirinejad Zahra Rahami
        10.30495/iper.2022.1942008.1734
        An approach to overcome drought stress is using growth-promoting bacteria. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Azospirillum growth-promoting bacteria under drought stress on yield and biochemical characteristics of Nigella sativa L. in the crop year More
        An approach to overcome drought stress is using growth-promoting bacteria. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Azospirillum growth-promoting bacteria under drought stress on yield and biochemical characteristics of Nigella sativa L. in the crop year 2019-2020 in Servak village of Yasouj province in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. The experiment was performed as a factorial split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was irrigation in three levels (irrigation after using 30% soil moisture (control), irrigation after using 60% soil moisture, and irrigation after using 90% soil moisture) and the sub-factor of Azospirillum growth-promoting bacteria in two levels (no inoculation and inoculation of seeds with bacteria). Results showed that inoculation of growth-promoting bacteria increased yield and carbohydrate under moderate stress conditions. In high stress conditions, carotenoid and malondialdehyde had significant changes. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids had significant changes under both moderate and severe stress. On the other hand, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids had significant changes in both moderate and high stress. The highest concentrations of total chlorophyll (1.01 mg / g fresh weight) and carotenoids (0.77 mg / g fresh weight) were observed in irrigation after consuming 30% soil moisture and inoculation with bacteria. The highest yield (1072 kg / ha) was observed under consuming 30% soil moisture and bacteria. Measuring the rate of plant growth is suggested at different stages to determine the effect of stress in each period to get a perfect interpretation of the effect of stress on the plant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        422 - Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities in Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss, Rhazya stricta L., Salvadora persica L., Teucrium polium L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L. from Sistan and Baluchestan province
        Omid Azizian Shermeh Moharam Valizadeh Ali Qasemi Ahmad Mehraban Afsaneh Kamali deljoo
        This present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous) in five different species of medicinal plants: P More
        This present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous) in five different species of medicinal plants: Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) &nbsp;Boiss.,&nbsp; Rhazya stricta L., Salvadora persica L., Teucrium polium L., and Hibiscus sabdariffa L.. These samples were collected in different regions from Sistan and Baluchestan, 2014.The plant extracts were obtained by maceration method, phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum Chloride colorimetric, antioxidant activities were studied by two methods (DPPH and FRAP) and then antimicrobial activities were estimated by Disk-Diffusion method against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The results were showed that in all species, the methanolic extract had high amount of secondary compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. had maximum total phenolic (32.54&plusmn;6.44 mgGAE/g) , flavonoid contents(27.11&plusmn;1.00mgQUE/g) and antioxidant activity, (IC50=17.34&plusmn;1.21&micro;g/ml, 55.19&plusmn;2.27 mM Fe2+/mg) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone (27&plusmn;1.00mm) was the most sensitive bacteria to plant extracts. In contrast, the aqueous extract of Teucrium polium L. had the minimum value of total phenolic , flavonoid contents , antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity .Overall, these plants could be a good candidate for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress and pathogenic microbes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        423 - Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of essential oil in root of Achillea millefolium, Achillea biebersteinii in natural regions of Gilan province
        Farshid Rezaei Rashid Jamei
        In recent years, some reports have been presented about the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some&nbsp; root essential oils of&nbsp; Achillea species. This research carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activ More
        In recent years, some reports have been presented about the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some&nbsp; root essential oils of&nbsp; Achillea species. This research carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activity of root essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. These plants were collected in June 2016 from Dogaheh region of Rudbar (1700 m) in Gilan province. The essential oils were obtained by water distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by (GC/MS) .The phenolic contents were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),total phenols and flavonoids were determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was also evaluated by 1, 1 -diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique. The findings showed that the main compounds of the A. millefolium essential oil include :&beta;-thujone (18.83%), &delta;-cadinene (16.87%) and boneol (14.51%), whereas the most abundant compounds in the A. biebersteiniioil were 1,8-cineol (28.82%), p-cimene (15.12%) and camphor (8.34%). According to results, although the total flavonoid content in Achilleamillefolium (54.75 mg/ml oil) was lower than &nbsp;A.biebersteinii (72.33 mg/ml oil), it had the highest antioxidant activity (74%). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        424 - Study the effect of intercropping and chemical fertilizers on essential oil, phenolic and flavonoid contents and some biological properties of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.)
        Farhad Habibzadeh Behvar Asghari
        10.30495/ejmp.2018.694519
        In order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) production, an investigation was conducted in the research farm of Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran, in 2016. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment b More
        In order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) production, an investigation was conducted in the research farm of Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran, in 2016. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The experimental factors consisted of different planting patterns (factor A) on two levels including sole culture of hyssop and additive intercropping of 100% hyssop + 50% lentil and application of chemical fertilizers (factor B) on two levels including non-application and application of NPK. Essential oil (distillation with clevenger), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, extract of plant (maceration method), phenolic and flavonoid contents (colorimetric method), DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant activity of vegetative parts of the plant at the beginning of flowering stage were evaluated. The results exhibited that all the traits, except for extract content, were significantly affected by the treatments. Oil yield, phenolic and flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity were significantly stronger in intercropping + fertilizer application compared to the other treatments. In the other hand, intercropping enhanced the phenolic and flavonoid compounds, essential oil and extract yield of hyssop. Secondary metabolites, such as phenolic, flavonoid, and essential oil, are the defense system of plant, which were increased by competition between hyssop and lentil (as a stressor). Antioxidant properties also increased due to the increase in phenolic and flavonoids content. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        425 - Effect of light intensity on growth traits, photosynthetic and total hypericin in Topaz cultivar and Mishu ecotype of Hypericum perforatum
        Javid Emarat-pardaz Sajjad Moharramnejad Jaber Panahandeh Masoud Chamani Mohammad Reza Zadeh Esfahlan Hossein Karbalaei Khiavi
        Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) is a perennial herb which contains precious metabolites such as hypericin, pseudo-hypericin and hyporforin widely used in the treatment of mild to moderate depression.&nbsp; In order to evaluate light density (three levels inclu More
        Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) is a perennial herb which contains precious metabolites such as hypericin, pseudo-hypericin and hyporforin widely used in the treatment of mild to moderate depression.&nbsp; In order to evaluate light density (three levels including full light condition, 75% and 50% of full light intensities) on plant height, gland number per leaf, stomata number, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight, as well as hypericin production of Topaz cultivar and Mishu ecotype of H. perforatum under hydroponic conditions in the greenhouse, an experiment was carried out as split plots based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the University of Tabriz in 2017. The chlorophyll and hypericin contents were used by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the light density significantly affected on fresh and dry weight, plant height, gland number per leaf, chlorophylls a and b, photosynthesis and total hypericin content in the H. perforatum. The highest fresh and dry weight, gland number per leaf, stomata number, photosynthesis and total hypericin content were belonged to the full light conditions (100% light). The highest plant height, chlorophyll a and b were belonged to the 50% of prevalent light intensity. The results indicated that Topaz cultivar is better than Mishu ecotype. In conclusion, increasing hypericin content in Hypericum perforatum by managing of light intensity is possible. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        426 - Phytochemical, antioxidant and phenolic content Survey of leaves and flowers hydroalcoholic extracts of the Conocarpus erectus and biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using this extracts
        FATEMEH gORJIAN roya mirza jani maryam kolahi
        The identification of various bioactive compounds, high phenolic content and high antioxidant activity in extracts of Conocarpus erectus reveals the potential application of this plant as a natural source of antioxidant with the capability of synthesizing nanoparticles More
        The identification of various bioactive compounds, high phenolic content and high antioxidant activity in extracts of Conocarpus erectus reveals the potential application of this plant as a natural source of antioxidant with the capability of synthesizing nanoparticles for medicine. The aim of this study was to examine the phytochemical compounds in the leaves and flowers of Conocarpus erectus L. and to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant properties of these extracts. Conocarpus erectus L leaves and flowers were extracted utilizing the Soxhlet and Maceration extraction methods. Phytochemical compounds present in plant extracts were analyzed by the use of gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The amount of phenolic content and antioxidant activity in leaf and flower extracts were determined, and the gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using these extracts. Additionally the diameter of gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of the leaves and flowers were measured. 19 chemical compounds were identified that were mainly in methanolic extracts of leaves prepared by Soxhlet extraction. Steroids were detected in both extracts The amount of phenolic compounds was high. In this study, the extract of flower obtained by Soxhlet method had the highest phenolic compounds. Of the plant extracts evaluated, the extracts obtained by the Soxhlet method had the lowest IC50 and thus the highest antioxidant capacity. Extracts were also utilized in the preparation of nanoparticles of gold and silver. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        427 - Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of three widely-used medicinal plant in natural habitats of Fars province
        Auob mazaraie leila fahmideh
        Growth and generation of plants in different ecosystems and natural habitats are influenced by various factors. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the phytochemicals and antioxidants of three widely-used medicinal plant species including Zataria multifolia More
        Growth and generation of plants in different ecosystems and natural habitats are influenced by various factors. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the phytochemicals and antioxidants of three widely-used medicinal plant species including Zataria multifolia Boiss, Matricaria chamomilla L. and Achilla millefolium L. which grown in five natural habitats (Fasa, Firoozabad, Kazeroun, Farashband and Dehram) located in Fars province, South of Iran . Phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts obtained by maceration (soaking) method were determined via Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum chloride colorimetric, respectively. The antioxidant properties were also investigated through DPPH method. Based on the results, there is a positive correlation between plant secondary compounds and their antioxidant performance, and this relationship was quite significant for all three plant samples. Among the regions under the study, the highest phenolic and flavonoid compounds yields were detected in Farashband and Dehram regions, respectively. Among the results, the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant properties were identified in Achillea eriophora DC and Zataria multifolia Boiss species from Farashband and Dehram regions had the highest values. The differences observed in phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant properties could be attributed to the effects of climatic conditions such as height above sea level on the investigated plants. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        428 - Variation in the Essential Oil Constituents and Polyphenolic Contents of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. from Six Populations of Fars Province
        sahar yoosefi vahid Rowshan Kambiz Larijani Hasanali Naghdi Badi Ebrahim Saboki
        Abstract Satureja is belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. is one of the endemic species. In this study, aerial parts of S. bachtiarica were colleted in full flowering stages from six populations of Fars Province and after were dried in laborato More
        Abstract Satureja is belonging to the family Lamiaceae. Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. is one of the endemic species. In this study, aerial parts of S. bachtiarica were colleted in full flowering stages from six populations of Fars Province and after were dried in laboratory conditions, the essential oils (EOs) and extracts were obtained by hydrodistillation and macetation methods. Chemical compositions of the EOs were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS and the phenolic contents were determined by HPLC analysis. EO yields were from 1.1 to 2.4 % (w/w) based on dried material. The major constituents of the EOs were thymol ( 10.9-49.8 %), carvacrol (1.1-49.7 %), p-cymene (18.0-32.8 %), &gamma;-terpinene (4.3-7.5 %), linalool (3.3-5.1 %) and caryophyllene oxide (1.6-2.3 %). Among six populations, the EOs from the Kohanjan and Abadeh-Didegan populations had the highest thymol and carvacrol amount (49.8 and 49.7 %), respectively. Narengenin, carvacrol, hesperedin, eugenol, hesperetin, rosmarinic acid and thymol were the main phenolic copmounds in six studied regions. These results showed that variation of ecological characters had effect on quality of S. bachtiarica EOs and extracts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        429 - Investigation of some growth and physiological traits changes and heavy metals accumulation in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under different climates cultivation
        Habibioallah Farokhi Ahmad Asgharzadeh Maliheh Kazemi Samadi
        10.30495/ejmp.2022.1940120.1651
        Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) the most valuable agricultural and pharmaceutical product in the world, has a special place among Iran's industrial and export products. The aim of this study was to study the changes in quantitative, qualitative, physiological traits, and he More
        Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) the most valuable agricultural and pharmaceutical product in the world, has a special place among Iran's industrial and export products. The aim of this study was to study the changes in quantitative, qualitative, physiological traits, and heavy metals accumulation in cultivated saffron samples in three important saffron producing provinces, North Khorasan (Shirvan city), Razavi Khorasan (Torbat-Heydariyeh city), and South Khorasan (Ghaen city), based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019-2020 crop year.In this study, quantitative traits (flower and stigma yield), qualitative traits (safranal, picrocrocin, and crocin content extracted by aqueous method and measured by spectrophotometry), physiological characteristics (anthocyanin, flavonoid, total phenol, and antioxidant activity extracted by alcohol andmeasured by spectrophotometry) and the selenium, lead, and nickel metals accumulation (by acid extraction and atomic absorption measurements) were investigated. Also, the effect of climatic parameters on quantitative and qualitative yield was investigated. The results showed that the samples cultivated in these provinces had significant differences in terms of quantitative, qualitative, physiological, and metal accumulation characteristics. North and Razavi Khorasan provinces with the highest flowers and stigmas yield, as well as safranal and crocin content, had the highest quantity and quality.In addition, the highest anthocyanins, flavonoids, and total phenol content, antioxidant activity, and lead content was obtained in North Khorasan province. The two climatic parameters of relative humidity content and average annual rainfall had a high correlation with quantitative and qualitative yield and are the most influential environmental factors on the quantity and quality of saffron. In general, North and Razavi Khorasan provinces had a significant advantage in terms of quantitative and qualitative yield of saffron compared to South Khorasan provinces. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        430 - Evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant and enzymatic inhibitory content of extracts obtained with different solvents from Salvia hypoleuca Benth.
        Behvar Asghari Sudabeh Mafakheri Majid Ghorbani Nohooji
        10.30495/ejmp.2021.1940036.1650
        Various species of Salvia has been used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries.In this study, aerial parts of Salvia hypoleuca L. which is an endemic plant to Iran were collected during the flowering stage in the summer of 2020 from Alamut city of Qazvin pr More
        Various species of Salvia has been used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries.In this study, aerial parts of Salvia hypoleuca L. which is an endemic plant to Iran were collected during the flowering stage in the summer of 2020 from Alamut city of Qazvin province. In the present study, the total content of phenolic, flavonoid, saponin and tannins, four hexane, ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous extracts prepared by maceration method were investigated. The antioxidant properties of these extracts were measured by DPPH, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum and iron chelating methods. In addition, &alpha;-amylase, &alpha;-glucosidase and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory effects of the plant were measured by spectrophotometry. Based on the results, ethyl acetate extract of the plant had the highest phenolic and saponin content with values ​​of 87.07 mg gallic acid g-1 and 163.84 mg quillaja saponin g-1, respectively. The aqueous extract of the plant exhibited the highest amounts of flavonoids and condensed tannins content with 33.97 and 5.34 mg quercetin and catechin g-1 in the extract, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract indicated the highest ABTS radical scavenging, total antioxidant, ferrous ion chelating activities, as well as inhibitory effects of &alpha;-amylase, &alpha;-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibition properties. The high potential of ethyl acetate extract in biological properties, like antioxidant and antiradical activities could be attributed to its high metabolite contents especially, phenolic and saponin compounds. Thus, it could be concluded that this plant is a rich source of functional secondary metabolites and ethyl acetate is the best extractant solvent. The results of this study confirmed the potential of Salvia hypoleuca for medicinal uses, especially for diabetes and skin diseases. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        431 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity, phenol content and flavonoid extract of Artemisia annua L. Under the influence of different drying methods
        Atena Mohammadinia Samakoush Hossein Moradi Mojtaba esmailzadeh Fatemeh Davatgar
        10.30495/ejmp.2022.1940186.1654
        Drying is one of the most important post-harvest processes for medicinal plants. to study the effect of different drying methods on the antioxidant and phytochemical activity of flowering branches and leaves of Artemisia annua, an experiment based on a completely random More
        Drying is one of the most important post-harvest processes for medicinal plants. to study the effect of different drying methods on the antioxidant and phytochemical activity of flowering branches and leaves of Artemisia annua, an experiment based on a completely randomized design with four treatments and ten replications was conducted at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2020. Aerial parts of the plant were obtained from natural habitat in Shirgah region of Mazandaran (238 meters above sea level‌) in January. Different parts of the plant were dried using four methods: shade - sun, oven (45&deg;C), indirect heating (28-32 &deg; C) and microwave (520 w). All extracts were prepared by soaking in methanol. In the first stage, antioxidant activity (DPPH), phenolic (Folin&ndash;Cioc&acirc;lteu) and flavonoid (aluminum chloride) content were evaluated for all samples. The results showed that there was a significant difference between different drying methods. The highest content of total antioxidants was observed in flowering branches (70.92%) and leaves (70.66%) for indirect heat sampels. The highest amount of total phenol (2.56 and 3.09 mg gallic acid per 100g of dry matter, respectively) belonged to the samples dried using sun-shade and indirect heat. The highest total flavonoid content was also found in samples dried under indirect heating and microwave (1.45 and 3.73 mg of quercetin per 100g of dry matter, respectively). The lowest amount of total phenol, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were observed in oven-dried flowering and leafy branches at 45&deg;c. In the second stage of the experiment, the best sample regarding antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid was chosen and evaluated using chromatography. The most composition of the extract was arteannuic acid (15.63%). In general, indirect heat drying could preserve antioxidant and bioactive compounds more effectively, while other methods may reduce or even degrade these compounds. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        432 - Study on phytochemical changes of Cannabis sativa L. extract at vegetative growth stage under salinity stress
        Attaullah Rabbani Mohammad Reza Ardakani Hassanali Naghdi Badi Shamsali Rezazadeh Mansoor Sarajooghi
        10.30495/ejmp.2021.1917625.1615
        Environmental stresses such as salinity have a great impact on the amount and quality of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. To investigate the effect of salinity on phytochemical attributes of cannabis (Cannabis Sativa L.), an experiment in the form of a randomi More
        Environmental stresses such as salinity have a great impact on the amount and quality of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. To investigate the effect of salinity on phytochemical attributes of cannabis (Cannabis Sativa L.), an experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications and 5 salinity treatments (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS/m) was conducted in 2019 in medicinal plants research center, Karaj, Iran. In this study, the amount of potassium (K) and sodium (Na) elements and chlorine (Cl) in leaf and root organs of the plant were measured by a flame photometer and colorimetric method, respectively. The content of cannabinoids compounds in leaves including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabichromene (CBC) were measured by GC/MS. The results showed that there was a significant difference (P&le;0.01) among different salinity treatments in terms of Na, K, Cl and cannabinoids THC, CBD and CBC. With increasing salinity level, the amount of Na and Cl ions in leaves and roots increased compared to the control treatment and the highest amount of leaf and root Na (15.81, 14.06 mg/g, respectively) was observed in salinity treatment of 8 dS/m . Also, increasing the salinity concentration caused a decrease in leaf and root K of the plant and the highest amount of leaf and root K (34.83, 34.46 mg / g, respectively) was related to the control treatment. The highest amount of THC and CBD (7.94 and 1.45 mg / g of dried plant, respectively) at salinity concentration of 4 dS / m and the highest amount of CBC at salinity of 2 dS / m (0.012 mg / g dry leaf) were obtained. Therefore, salinity changes the amount of cannabinoids in cannabis and the highest levels of THC, CBD and CBC are obtained at low salinity levels. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        433 - Evaluation of morpho-physiological responses of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf to the application of chemical and biological fertilizers under salinity stress in Fars and Tehran climates
        mostafa salehi fatemeh nakhaei seyyed gholamreza mosavi reza bradaran
        10.30495/ejmp.2023.702345
        Plant nutrition from different sources of fertilizers is one of the most critical factors for crop improvement under stress conditions. The purpose of this research was to study the morpho-physiological responses of the lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) medic More
        Plant nutrition from different sources of fertilizers is one of the most critical factors for crop improvement under stress conditions. The purpose of this research was to study the morpho-physiological responses of the lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) medicinal plant to the application of different fertilizer sources (control, NPK, nitroxin, mycorrhizal fungi, and biosulfur) under irrigation water salinity stress (0, 100, and 200 mM) in two climates (Fars and Tehran), implemented as a factorial split-plot based on a randomized complete block design in three replications during 2020-2021. Growth and yield attributes and also physiological traits such as photosynthetic pigments, proline content, and qualitative characteristics (essential oil percentage and yield) were measured. Results showed that high salinity concentration (200 mM) negatively affected growth and yield parameters (root dry weight and volume, plant height, number of leaves, and plant yield). The highest plant yield was obtained at 0 and 100 mM salinity with an average of 4183.1 and 4191.9 kg.ha-1, respectively in Fars. Among the fertilizer treatments, there was no difference in terms of plant yield, and all of them led to an increase in yield compared to the control treatment. Using nitroxin biofertilizer under non-stress conditions in Fars region led to the highest total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a, which showed an increase by 51.3% and 47.0%, respectively, compared to the control. Salinity stress (200 mM) and the use of biosulfur in Tehran climate led to an increase in proline content. The use of NPK fertilizer and mycorrhizal fungi under severe salinity stress in Fars led to increases by 2.3 and 2.4 times in essential oil percentage. The lowest average essential oil was also observed in the application of biological and chemical fertilizers in Tehran. The highest essential oil yield was obtained in the application of mycorrhizal fungi under moderate salinity stress in Fars, which was 2.7 times higher compared to the control. All fertilizer treatments at 200 mM level in Fars also had the highest essential oil yield. In general, the lemongrass plant had a good tolerance against the salinity stress of irrigation water and the use of NPK, nitroxin, and mycorrhiza fertilizers while increasing the quantitative and qualitative yield led to the adjustment of the adverse effects caused by the salinity stress. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        434 - Investigation of effective compounds and antioxidant properties of five cultivar of hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) in different regions of Golestan province
        mostafa hamidi saeed navabpour mohsen fathi sadabadi
        10.30495/ejmp.2023.1978424.1717
        To investigate the effect of the environment on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of essential oils in five cultivars of hop, in four regions of Golestan province (Gorgan, Aliabad, Galikesh, and Azadshahr), an experiment was co More
        To investigate the effect of the environment on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of essential oils in five cultivars of hop, in four regions of Golestan province (Gorgan, Aliabad, Galikesh, and Azadshahr), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2021-2022. Fruit extracts were prepared by soaking method using acetone solvent and the phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant properties were determined via Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride colorimetric, and DPPH method, respectively. Extraction of essential oils from fruit and identification of the compounds in the essential oil were carried out by water distillation method (Clevenger machine) and a gas chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS), respectively. Overall, 32 compounds were identified, including Beta-acid, Alpha-acid, Co-humulone, total oil, Caryophyllene, Humulene, and Myrcene compounds, as the main components of the essential oil. Cascade cultivar in Gorgan region had the highest rate of phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity, which can be related to the climatic conditions of the region and the higher potential of this cultivar. Also, all cultivars in Gorgan region had the highest content of secondary metabolites than others. Among the cultivated cultivars, Cascade and then Centennial had the highest content of secondary metabolites in all cultivation areas. Therefore, in order to achieve higher secondary metabolites, cultivation of Cascade in Gorgan region is recommend. On the other hand, Nugget in Galicash had the lowest content of secondary metabolites, which can be related to its lower potential in production of secondary metabolites and the climatic conditions of Galicash region which is located at a higher altitude and has a negative effect on the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, considering the effect of different environmental conditions on the medicinal compounds of the species, it is recommended to evaluate the effect of the other factors, including the soil of the habitats. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        435 - The effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characters of essential oil in Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)
        Mehrab Yadegari
        Organic manuares have important effectiveness on quantity and quality of medicinal plants and this plants have important role in food industries, then this research was done to evaluate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on essential oil content and composi More
        Organic manuares have important effectiveness on quantity and quality of medicinal plants and this plants have important role in food industries, then this research was done to evaluate the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on essential oil content and composition of Thyme. This research was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications in Research Farm of Islamic Azad University Branch of Shahrekord at 2020 and 2021. Treatments were: control (no fertilizer), cow manure, sheep manure, hen manure, horse manure, vermi-compost and complete chemical fertilizers. Each of animal manuares and vermi-compost in 20 t.ha-1 in planting time and complete chemical fertilizer in 1.5 g.l-1 concentration after V10 stage in two step by 3 weeks interval, were used. Shoot of plant samples beginning of flowering stage in end of vegetative stage (252-270 leaf) prepared from treatments separately in the end of august. For measurement of the content and yield of the volatile oil, 1000g of the fresh shoots harvested and mixed with water and placed in a flask connected to the condenser of a Clevenger apparatus and the GC analysis was done to detect the essential oil composition. The most weight of dry matter (352&plusmn;17.1 g.m-2 in first year and 359.04&plusmn;18.9 g.m-2 in second year) and essential oil content (0.91&plusmn;0.1% in first year and 1.1&plusmn;0.01% in second year) were observed in chemical fertilizer was the same group with vermi-compost and hen manure. Four components of P-cymene, Gamma terpinen, Carvacrol and Thymyl acetate are classified as cyclic monoterpene made more than 70% of essential oil content in different treatments. 29 components in essential oil of treatments were detected. The greatest amount of major components were Carvacrol (35.2-36.8%) in chemical fertilizer and vermicompost, P-cymene (8.3-7.8%) in chemical fertilizer; Gamma terpinene (18.6-18.7%) in vermi-compost and Thymyl acetate (4.6-4.8%) in hen manure. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        436 - A Meta-analysis of the Pathological Perspective in Regional Documentary Studies Based on the Area Level
        maryam Sejodi keramatollah ziari majid yasoori ahmad Pourahmad
        Pathological view of controversial issues such as the regional sphere in which different sciences and attitudes are involved in its conceptual, functional, and executive foundations is very important. For this purpose, the present study aims to have a meta-analysis of t More
        Pathological view of controversial issues such as the regional sphere in which different sciences and attitudes are involved in its conceptual, functional, and executive foundations is very important. For this purpose, the present study aims to have a meta-analysis of the pathological view in internal documentary studies based on the level of the region. Work process at the level of documents such as upstream documents and reports, some published and unpublished drafts, provincial cover projects, among doctoral dissertations and master theses and articles (scientific research, extension science, and journal conference) relied on two phases; The first stage is based on the method of documentary methods and collection of primary and secondary sources and documents (categorized damages) and the second stage is based on meta-analysis methods, content analysis, and grounded theory (obvious and hidden case damages). The obtained results show that in the first stage, the most important results of categorized damages have an emphasis on document approach, method and procedure, area management, economic issues, concepts and ideas, practical field and implementation, and in the second stage among the 54 types of research in the field of the nature of research with the highest frequency with 42 cases with applied research, in the field of research method with the highest frequency with 25 cases with survey-field, in the field of data collection techniques with the highest frequency equal to 27 cases were resulted based on a questionnaire. Also, 31 cases had the reliability of measuring instruments, of which 27 cases had an average between 0.7 and 0.9. Also, 43 of them had research hypotheses or questions, and finally, considering the use of the majority of research from an analytical framework, the application of the nature of research in the use of theories shows that most research studies, or 48 of them, are only based on theory testing and the rest of them have been a kind of theory testing supported by providing models and suggestions. Thus they can be included in the theory-based research; however, they did not fully have the policy and principles of fundamental and theoretical research. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        437 - Structural Analysis of Neuro-oriented Urban Planning Solutions in Tehran: Experts’ Perspective Using MICMAC Software
        Khatereh Moghani Rahimi Mostafa Behzadfar samaneh jalilisadrabad
        Mental health disorders pose a significant threat to human well-being, particularly affecting urban populations. Despite the paramount importance of addressing urban mental health, effective strategies for improvement remain elusive. This concern has garnered heightened More
        Mental health disorders pose a significant threat to human well-being, particularly affecting urban populations. Despite the paramount importance of addressing urban mental health, effective strategies for improvement remain elusive. This concern has garnered heightened significance in Tehran, a city with a pressing need for viable solutions. This research aims to identify key strategies to enhance the mental health of the city. Employing a descriptive-analytical research method, the study utilizes content analysis and structural analysis to pinpoint crucial solutions. The findings reveal that three primary strategies — the formulation and execution of a comprehensive mental health plan, the integration of aesthetically pleasing urban design to promote mental well-being, and the adoption of innovative approaches such as mobile health programs and online services — are deemed pivotal variables. Consequently, the implementation of these solutions holds the potential to significantly enhance urban mental health in Tehran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        438 - Developing an English Textbook for Iranian Senior High School Students.
        Hananeh Shabani Hossein Rahmanpanah Ahmad Mohseni
        10.30495/jfl.2022.697352
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        439 - Content Evaluation of Iranian EFL Textbook Vision 1 Based on Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy of Cognitive Domain
        Maryam Mizbani Hadi Salehi Omid Tabatabaei
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        440 - An Investigation of the Effect of Bilingual Education on Language Achievement of Iranian Pre-intermediate EFL Learners
        Marzieh Taheri Davood Mashhadi Heidar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        441 - طراحی و روایی سنجی پرسشنامه سواد تحقیق کمی ارزیابی تحلیل محتوای کتاب درسی زبان انگلیسی دوره دوم متوسطه ایران: ویژن 2
        Tayyebe Sadeghi Hasanabadi Akbar Afghari Ahmadreza Lotfi
        10.52547/JFL.9.37.31
        این مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی سودمندی و مطلوبیت کتاب زبان انگلیسی دانش آموزان ایرانی کالس دوم دبیرستان یعنی ویژن 2 انجام شده است. بدین منظور، میزان مطابقت مطالب کتاب های درسی با برنامه درسی تجویز شده بر اساس مدل ارزیابی (2011 (Littlejohn با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تصادف More
        این مطالعه به منظور ارزیابی سودمندی و مطلوبیت کتاب زبان انگلیسی دانش آموزان ایرانی کالس دوم دبیرستان یعنی ویژن 2 انجام شده است. بدین منظور، میزان مطابقت مطالب کتاب های درسی با برنامه درسی تجویز شده بر اساس مدل ارزیابی (2011 (Littlejohn با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی طبقه ای، در مجموعا 12 دبیرستان خصوصی و دولتی )شش دخترانه و شش پسرانه( انجام شد که به طور تصادفی از بین کلیه مدارس واقع در مناطق شش گانه آموزش و پرورش اصفهان انتخاب شدند. برای انتخاب معلمان شرکت کننده از روش نمونه گیری موارد در دسترس استفاده شد و معلمان موافق در این مطالعه شرکت کردند. 20 معلمی که در این مطالعه شرکت کردند از ابتدای پاییز 2017 به تدریس ویژن 2 مشغول بوده اند. کمیته معلمان روند تحلیل محتوا را با ارزیابی کامالً تحلیلی محتوا مبتنی بر چارچوبی شام قسمت های مختلف )تحلیل توصیفی عینی، تحلیل ذهنی، استنتاج ذهنی( انجام دادند. نتایج نشان داد که باید بین مواد درسی و وضعیت هدف مطابقت ایجاد شود. این تطابق باید جنبه های طراحی و موارد مربوط به انتشار را پوشش دهد. نتیجه کاربردی این یافته ها ممکن است دست اندرکا ران تهیه کتاب های درسی را ترغیب کند تا اصالحاتی را با تکیه بر نتایج مرحله سیستماتیک آغاز کنند و منجر به غنی تر شدن مطالب آموزشی و یادگیری زبان انگلیسی در دبیرستان های ایران شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        442 - Teachers’ Perception Towards Differentiated Instruction Approach in Secondary Schools of Namangan City
        Nilufar Jamoliddinova Yana Kuchkarova
        10.30495/jfl.2022.689270
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        443 - A Survey on the Efficiency of ESP Teachers in Iranian Universities
        Shahin Abassy Delvand Davood Mashhadi Heidar
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        444 - Cultural Content Analysis of Iranian ELT Coursebooks: A Comparison of Vision I & II with English for Pre-University students I & II
        Zhale Saeedi Mohsen Shahrokhi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        445 - Presenting a model of organizational ambivalence based on the tasks of Islamic human resource management in Naja
        salim Sanai Masoud Pour Kiyani Sanjar Salajegheh Saeed Sayyadi
        10/jtihr.2023.1976629.1122
        Islamic human resource management is one of the most important organizational areas that has an impact on organizational performance, and with proper focus and optimal use of this important, a balance between stability and change can be created; On the other hand, atten More
        Islamic human resource management is one of the most important organizational areas that has an impact on organizational performance, and with proper focus and optimal use of this important, a balance between stability and change can be created; On the other hand, attention to the concept of dualism is growing. As a result, in the current research, the department of human resources management in the police force of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been considered as the most efficient department for the realization of organizational dualism, and in this research, the model of organizational duality has been presented based on the tasks of Islamic human resource management in Naja. In order to collect the data, the opinions of the experts and experts of Naja were used by using a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire. Excel software was used for theme analysis and SPS software was used for exploratory factor analysis. Using theme analysis, 120 core codes were identified in 8 selective code categories (planning, performance evaluation, requirements, Islamic work relations, retention, power of influence, recruitment based on Islamic criteria and Islamic education). Exploratory factor analysis also classified the selective codes in two dimensions of exploration and exploitation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        446 - Content analysis of “Religion and Life” curriculum in the high school program in Iran in terms of the emphasis on creativity, critical thinking, and self-assertiveness in students
        Solmaz Khademi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        447 - The Educational Model of Social Constructivism and Its Impact on Academic Achievement and Critical Thinking
        Batool Ghaedi Abbas Gholtash Seyed Ahmad Hashemi Ali Asghar Mashinchi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        448 - Designing a talent management model for high school: A qualitative study
        Zohreh Tayefeh Seifi seyed ahmad hashemi Abbas Gholtash
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        449 - Challenges facing higher education in improving the quality of educational services (a study with a phenomenological approach)
        Somayeh Bahmei Taraneh Enayati
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        450 - An Inquiry into Fundamental Development Plan with Respect to Prerequisites of Natural Sciences in Primary Schools
        Mohammad Reza Fathi Zohreh Saadatmand Alireza Yousefi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        451 - Content analysis of Religion and Life Curriculum in Terms of the Emphasis Put on Self-Esteem, Responsiveness, and Self-Actualization of Students
        Solmaz Khademi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        452 - The Analysis of sixth grade science book based on the biological, physical, and technology areas proposed in the fundamental transformation document of the educational system
        Aliasghar Mashinchi ghasemi aliakbar yousef razeghipour
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        453 - Structural and content investigation of lyrical Bayati of Hakimabad, Qasemabad and Sadrabad villages of Zarandieh city (Markazi Province)
        Asghar Shahbazi Mohaddese Anvari
        10.30495/irll.2023.1939717.1470
        &nbsp;Bayati is the predominant form of lyric poetry in the Turkish language. Bayatis have various themes (lyrical, social, historical and religious) and for this reason, they are recited in numerous celebrations and ceremonies. Bayatis are also a mirror of the beliefs, More
        &nbsp;Bayati is the predominant form of lyric poetry in the Turkish language. Bayatis have various themes (lyrical, social, historical and religious) and for this reason, they are recited in numerous celebrations and ceremonies. Bayatis are also a mirror of the beliefs, customs, temperament and aspirations of the Turkish-speakers and they are therefore of great importance. Fortunately, in recent years, in the light of popular literature in different parts of the country, good researches have been done on Bayatis, especially the Bayatis of the Azerbaijani people, but a close examination shows the Bayatis on other Turkish-speaking areas, including Zarandieh in Markazi Province. But no special research has been done and for this area, in this article, the villages of Hakimebad, Qasemabad and Sadrabad villages of Zarandieh city have been collected by field method and reviewed by content analysis method (descriptive-analytical approach). In this study, it has been determined that there are more than one hundred Bayatis with different themes in these three villages, but lyrical Bayatis have the highest frequency. These Bayatis, like the Azerbaijani Bayatis, are four-syllable and syllabic, but because in some of them the quantity of syllables is not observed, pause and break play an important role in arranging the melody. Most of them have rhymes; Like many Turkish Bayatis, the first shutters are the introduction and the main theme is expressed in the final shutters. Most of the characteristics of popular poetry, including the simplicity of words and language, the scarcity of literary terms and the uncharacteristic nature of the poet, are generally not much different from the Azeri verses. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        454 - The Study of the structure and content of the sonnets "Balalibash" of Shahriar
        khodabakhsh asadollahi Iman Mehri Bigdilu
        10.30495/irll.2020.677879
        Shahriar" is a great contemporary poet of Iran and he possesses a literary school with many Turkey-Azerbaijani poems. "Balalibash" (head of Prubla) is actually a story in the form of poetry. In this sonnet, he presents various aspects of art in the style of minimalism. More
        Shahriar" is a great contemporary poet of Iran and he possesses a literary school with many Turkey-Azerbaijani poems. "Balalibash" (head of Prubla) is actually a story in the form of poetry. In this sonnet, he presents various aspects of art in the style of minimalism. Shahriyar combines two arts of storytelling and poetry, narrative elements, imagery, and a variety of literary works in a 17-couplet written in the form of an easy and absent-minded debate between his poet and his young wife. By depicting the beauty of the village and traditional and original life, it expresses various social, ethical and philosophical themes including marriage criteria, compulsion, oppression, conflict, limit and size, life difficulties, and so on. He criticizes damages like addiction, lie, speech, divorce etc., he calls the audience into love, accustomed to apologizing, knowing the size, honesty, and so on. Some language forms of sonnets are also discussed in this article. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        455 - Determination the Mechanical Stress on the Cutter Bar of the Harvesting Combine by Abaqus
        Alireza Shirneshan Ali Hori Najafabadi Bahram Hosseinzadeh Samani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        456 - Designing the auditor's narcissism model in the auditing work environment.
        علی نژاد ساروکلائی Alinejad Saroklai maesumeh Pashazadeh kahaq ahmad mohamadi yones badavar nahandi
        The present research has been carried out by designing the auditor's narcissism model in the auditing work environment on the logic of hidden content analysis. The research method is qualitative and based on phenomenological theory. A semi-structured interview method wa More
        The present research has been carried out by designing the auditor's narcissism model in the auditing work environment on the logic of hidden content analysis. The research method is qualitative and based on phenomenological theory. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. The statistical population of the research was made up of all professors and experts in the fields of psychology and auditing. The sampling method was purposeful and snowball. In order to analyze the data, the primary coding process was used using Max QDA software version 2020.The results showed that in the data analysis using the open coding technique, 47 primary codes were identified, and by classifying these concepts, four main categories including arrogant and aggressive, vulnerability, arrogant and big secretive and empathetic, as well as in the following The analysis of nine core codes including self-infatuation, psychotherapy, environmental factors, spiritual factors, acquired factors, biological factors, professional ethics, audit quality and competition in the audit market is included in the model. Finally, according to the mentioned categories and indicators, the auditor's narcissism model was presented in the auditing work environment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        457 - The Liability of the Re-senders of Misleading Content in Cyberspace Envisaged by Law and Islamic Jurisprudence
        Majid Safari seed mohamad sadegh mosavi seed abolghasem naghibi
        10.30495/cyberlaw.2022.692010
        Development and expansion of uncontrolled social networks has become one of the most important concerns of families and academia as well as the religious leaders. Expanding the subject and considering the misleading books and the orders concerning the same and their dis More
        Development and expansion of uncontrolled social networks has become one of the most important concerns of families and academia as well as the religious leaders. Expanding the subject and considering the misleading books and the orders concerning the same and their distribution in the cyberspace, studies the liability of the resenders of the concerned content. The paper employs library method in collecting the needed data and is descriptive-analytical. Distribution of the misleading books in the media and cyberspace is punishable by itself and, therefore, the liability of the re-senders of such content are considered to be same as the main author and depends on the quantity and quality of the sent and distributed content and the intent and legal elements as well as actus reus and mens rea of the same. Therefore, all the liabilities of the original producer of the content are applied to the re-sender as well. The liability of the original producer and sender and the re-senders depend on the number of the groups and these people are responsible towards the damages incurred. Noting that not all the damages by misleading media could be compensated for, and that the Haqq al-Nas (what is due to men in contradistinction to what is due God) are to be compensated for with the owners of the media, supposing that the owners are not known, secondary verdicts including general cultural obligations and religious enlightenment activities could be issued Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        458 - Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval Based on Image Feature Projection in Relevance Feedback Level
        Mohammad Behnam Hossein Pourghasem
        The purpose of this study is to design a content-based medical image retrieval system and provide a new method to reduce semantic gap between visual features and semantic concepts. Generally performance of the retrieval systems based on only visual contents decrease bec More
        The purpose of this study is to design a content-based medical image retrieval system and provide a new method to reduce semantic gap between visual features and semantic concepts. Generally performance of the retrieval systems based on only visual contents decrease because these features often fail to describe the high level semantic concepts in user&rsquo;s mind. In this paper this problem is solved using a new approach based on projection of relevant and irrelevant images in to a new space with low dimensionality and less overlapping in relevance feedback level. For this purpose, first we change the feature space using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) techniques and then classify the feedback images applying Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The proposed framework has been evaluated on a database consisting of 10,000 medical X-ray images of 57 semantic classes. The obtained results show that the proposed approach significantly improves the accuracy of retrieval system. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        459 - A Novel Relevance Feedback Approach Based on Similarity Measure Modification in an X-Ray Image Retrieval System Based on Fuzzy Representation Using Fuzzy Attributed Relational Graph
        Hossien Pourghassem Hassan Ghasemian
        Relevance feedback approaches is used to improve the performance of content-based image retrieval systems. In this paper, a novel relevance feedback approach based on similarity measure modification in an X-ray image retrieval system based on fuzzy representation using More
        Relevance feedback approaches is used to improve the performance of content-based image retrieval systems. In this paper, a novel relevance feedback approach based on similarity measure modification in an X-ray image retrieval system based on fuzzy representation using fuzzy attributed relational graph (FARG) is presented. In this approach, optimum weight of each feature in feature vector is calculated using similarity rate between query image and relevant and irrelevant images in user feedback. The calculated weight is used to tune fuzzy graph matching algorithm as a modifier parameter in similarity measure. The standard deviation of the retrieved image features is applied to calculate the optimum weight. The proposed image retrieval system uses a FARG for representation of images, a fuzzy matching graph algorithm as similarity measure and a semantic classifier based on merging scheme for determination of the search space in image database. To evaluate relevance feedback approach in the proposed system, a standard X-ray image database consisting of 10000 images in 57 classes is used. The improvement of the evaluation parameters shows proficiency and efficiency of the proposed system. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        460 - Explaining the Paradigm Model of the Urban Branding Process through Analyzing the Qualitative Content of Isfahan's Strategic Branding Plan
        Pardis Pakan Hadi Sarvari Maryam Daneshvar
        Today, cities are increasingly competing with each other to attract more and more tourists, investors and companies, new citizens, and a valuable and creative workforce. However, city branding plays an effective role to attract or repel them. Therefore, preparing strate More
        Today, cities are increasingly competing with each other to attract more and more tourists, investors and companies, new citizens, and a valuable and creative workforce. However, city branding plays an effective role to attract or repel them. Therefore, preparing strategic urban branding plans to recover and promote the brand of cities is of great importance. In Iran, some efforts in this regard such as the strategic branding plan of Isfahan, Tehran, and the strategic plan of the visual identity of Mashhad and Kelardasht have been made. Therefore, studying the effects and evaluation of strategic urban branding plans can improve the quality of strategic city branding programs in Iran. As a result, studying the effectiveness and efficiency of these strategic plans is of high importance. In this research, the qualitative content analysis method was used to study the strategic branding plan of Isfahan and identify the components of urban branding according to the existing documents. To do so, the emphasized or neglected dimensions were identified and presented in Isfahan&rsquo;s branding. The purpose of this study is to determine the components of city branding and the way the dimensions of the subject are emphasized or neglected in the existing document.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        461 - Analysis of the Content of Types of Newsjacking of Iranian Tourism Brands (Study Brand: Alibaba)
        Zeinab Mahmoodi Pachal Ghasem Zarei Naser Seifollahi Hossein Rahimi Klour
        Newsjacking is one of the advertising and public relations techniques in which brands direct the wave towards themselves by reacting to a trending news; that this news can be both an urgent and unplanned news and a periodical, special and planned event. But unfortunatel More
        Newsjacking is one of the advertising and public relations techniques in which brands direct the wave towards themselves by reacting to a trending news; that this news can be both an urgent and unplanned news and a periodical, special and planned event. But unfortunately, this strategy is unknown or not used for most Iranian businesses. Therefore, the current research, which was conducted with a qualitative approach, with the help of content analysis strategy, has investigated the effect of newsjacking of Iranian tourism brands from the point of view of marketing specialists in the field of tourism, in order to identify and announce its function for Iranian businesses. be made The statistical population of the current research was all the experts in the field of marketing and content production in the field of tourism in the country who both know newsjacking correctly and are willing to cooperate in the research. Finally, 15 of these experts participated in the research as a statistical sample through theoretical sampling. In order to collect research data, selected documents that were examples of both types of newsjacking (reaction to breaking news and planned events) by Alibaba company were observed and analyzed with the help of statistical samples. The findings of the research showed that the interviewees, as the audience of the brand, like, share and participate more in the content related to breaking news. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        462 - Investigating the Level of TPACK among Iranian EFL Teachers in Relation to their Educational Background and Teaching Experience
        Afshin Mansouri Qadikolaei Amir Marzban Ebrahim Fakhri Alamdari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        463 - A Content Analysis of Multicultural Representations of Textbooks in Expanding Circle Countries: A Case of Vision Series in Iran
        Mahdieh Sadeghzadegan Mojtaba Mohammadi Abdollah Baradaran
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        464 - Active Control of Structures Using Active Tendon Subjected to Near Field Earthquakes
        Ahmad maleki rasool khodayari hosein yousefpour
        This paper studies on active control of structures subjected to near field earthquakes. In order to evaluation of effects of earthquakes with different frequencies three steel structures of 4, 8 and 15 floors with different natural period have been desined using ETABS s More
        This paper studies on active control of structures subjected to near field earthquakes. In order to evaluation of effects of earthquakes with different frequencies three steel structures of 4, 8 and 15 floors with different natural period have been desined using ETABS software based on allowable stress method then opensees software have been used for three dimentional modeling of structures. Considering the impact and frequency content complexity of new field earthquakes, these structures subseetes to new field earthquakes. The different softwares have been used to verify of structures modelling. In order to evaluation of frequency content of earthquake, all of records scaled to 0.6 g then applied to structures. Different dynamic analysis conducted using eleven near field earthquake records and then the results compared to non-controled model to indicate the effect of active tendons. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        465 - Designing and validation of blended instruction based on virtual social networks in university instruction
        Zahra Azad Disfani Hossein kareshki Seyed Amir Amin Yazdi Mohammad Saeed Abdekhodaee
        This study sought to design and validate a virtual social networks -based blended instruction with social constructivist approach in university instruction. To accomplish the objectives of the research, a mixed method research was used. In order to obtain the design of More
        This study sought to design and validate a virtual social networks -based blended instruction with social constructivist approach in university instruction. To accomplish the objectives of the research, a mixed method research was used. In order to obtain the design of blended instruction, the deductive content analysis was performed in the qualitative section and a questionnaire survey method was applied to assess the experts judgments in the quantitative part of internal validation. After theoretical defining of each of the main concepts of the research, by referring to available scientific literature on the components of social-constructivism education, virtual social networks based instruction, and blended instruction, in the period 2000-2018, a total of 53 scientific texts were selected and studied by purposeful sampling. Based on the content analysis the following items were identified: the determination of instructional goals and content, the determination of instructional tools and media, the determination of instructional elements for implementation, the design of interaction and evaluation with elements of each of these components were identified. Finally, based on existing instructional design patterns, the design of virtual social network -based blended instruction was presented with a social constructivism approach. The results of internal validation indicated that the proposed instruction plan has a good and valid credit and has the effectiveness required for university instruction. . Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        466 - Teaching Social Skills based on the New Educational Technologies in K12 textbooks
        Rafigh Hasani zhyar refaei
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of new educational technologies in the content of new social sciences textbooks for teaching social skills to high school students of grade nine.The research approach was quantitative and content analysis method has been More
        The purpose of this study was to analyze the use of new educational technologies in the content of new social sciences textbooks for teaching social skills to high school students of grade nine.The research approach was quantitative and content analysis method has been used. The statistical population is the social sciences textbooks, of grade nine of secondary first period of high school. The entire content was applied as the study sample. Using open categorization technique, data analysis was done. Concepts and sub-categories were identified through collecting all units of text as well as recording units. At the end, all subcategories were categorized into online and offline technologies. The results of the content analysis showed the lack of enough usage of educational technology in textbook. As a matter of fact, only 18 content units relevant to the usage of online educational technology and 15 offline ones were applied throughout the textbook. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        467 - The effectiveness of content-based software on learning and reattention
        Masommeh Mohamadian ebrahim salehi omran farhad H asani
        The purpose of this study is to examine the effectivenessof content-based software on learning and reattention . The aim of this study is practical and the research method is quasi-experimental and the sampling method used in this study is simple random. The statistical More
        The purpose of this study is to examine the effectivenessof content-based software on learning and reattention . The aim of this study is practical and the research method is quasi-experimental and the sampling method used in this study is simple random. The statistical population of this study is sixth grade students of primary school in Baladeh in educational year of 1394-1395 which two classes were selected as control group (25 students) and experimental group (25 students). A similar pre-test administered in both groups and after ensuring the equality of two groups, the experimental group were taught using content-based software and control group were taught using traditional teaching methods (without content-based software). At the end of teaching period, both groups were administered two learning and recalling post-tests. The teacher-made questionnaires were used for data collection and the validity of the test confirmed by experts and test reliability achieved by Cronbach alpha test of 0.89. In order to examine the research hypotheses t-test and ANOVA were used. The findings showed that the use of content-based software has a significant effect on learning than the traditional teaching methods. In other words, there is a meaningful difference between teaching through content-based software and traditional teaching method. Therefore, software-based teaching approach can have positive effects on students&rsquo; learning and recalling teaching materials. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        468 - The Relationship between Teachers' Attitude towards the Use of Electronic Content and Educational Technology with Student Learning
        Mohammad Razzaghi Seyed Ahmad Hashemi
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers' attitude towards using electronic content and educational technology with the learning of students in Lamerd city. The research method has been applied in terms of purpose and nature, and in More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between teachers' attitude towards using electronic content and educational technology with the learning of students in Lamerd city. The research method has been applied in terms of purpose and nature, and in terms of data collection, a descriptive correlation has been used. The statistical population of the study included all teachers in Lamerd who taught at the schools in the school year of 2016-17. In this study, stratified sampling method was used to select 152 individuals. Data were collected using two researcher-made questionnaires. The face and content validity of questionnaires were confirmed by researchers and experts. Reliability of the questionnaires by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated 0.831 and .0901 for teachers' attitude towards the use of technology and electronic content questionnaire and learning questionnaire respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Friedman test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the attitude of using electronic content and educational technology with students' learning. Also, the findings showed that the electronic content and up-to-date and effective educational media, the motivation and teachers mastery in the use of educational media will motivate their students to learn. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        469 - A Content Analysis of Physics Educational Multimedia Regarding the Principles of Multimedia, Structure and Content
        Peyman Yar Mohammadzadeh Sirus Asadian Abbas Balaghi Zahra Karami
        The aim of this paper was to analyze the content of physics educational multimedia for high school students regarding the principles of multimedia, structure and content. These principles contain multimedia principle, contiguity, redundancy, speech and personalization. More
        The aim of this paper was to analyze the content of physics educational multimedia for high school students regarding the principles of multimedia, structure and content. These principles contain multimedia principle, contiguity, redundancy, speech and personalization. This study was qualitatively conducted. The sample of the study comprised a selection of educational software of physics course for the second year of high school. Using purposive sampling method and due to the shortages of the samples, 11 were selected and were evaluated through content analysis methods. Totally, 15 categories and 97 codes of educational multimedia dimensions including demographic, content and structural features were found and their evidence was studied. Findings showed that for the educational multimedia, more attention was given to demographic features. Considering the structural category, findings showed that the highest content was given to the preliminary section and the least content was given to the peripheral category. Pointing to the content category, which was of the multimedia principles, findings showed that most of the attention was given to the redundancy and speech principles, and the least attention was given to the personalization principle. Each of the given categories can help the researcher as independent issues for future studies serving as underlying principles to meet the problems in educational multimedia and discover a new dimension. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        470 - Exploring E-Citizen Status in the Book Kar and Fanavari for the Sixth Grade
        Ebrahim Mohammadjani Esmaeil Zaraii Zavaraki Farkhondeh Mofidi
        The development of information and communication technology in society, which is blended in people&rsquo;s everyday lives, has changed the society to electronic society. In order to go hand in hand with E-society, our country should pay special attention to E-citizen ed More
        The development of information and communication technology in society, which is blended in people&rsquo;s everyday lives, has changed the society to electronic society. In order to go hand in hand with E-society, our country should pay special attention to E-citizen education issue in which educational and curriculum system has a key role. The present study was to explore E-citizen status in the book Kar and Fanavari (work and technology) for the sixth grade. The study was of applied nature, using quantitative method and content analysis. The analysis units were sentences and images. The measurement tool applied was E-citizen&rsquo;s skill and education standard for the IT curriculum development of the state technical and vocational training organization. The standard consists of three main components: a) basic computer knowledge and skills, b) data searching knowledge and skills, and c) E-participation and citizenship. Descriptive statistics (frequency, frequency percentage and tables) was applied to analyze the data. The results revealed that 80.05% of all the sentences and images of the book are related to basic computer knowledge and skills, and 10.22% are related to the data searching knowledge and skills. The book does not contribute to the E-participation and citizenship component and there is no such sentence or image as related to it. Besides, 9.73% of the sentences and images of the book are allocated to irrelevant components. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        471 - Evaluating the Quality of E-Content from Viewpoints of Students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
        Mahvash Kazemi Gharajeh Maghsoud Amin Khandaghi
        The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of e-content from students' viewpoints of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. The statistical population was students in e-learning courses of Mashhad University of More
        The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of e-content from students' viewpoints of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. The statistical population was students in e-learning courses of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, among whom a number of 250 students were selected based on stratified sampling method. Data collection instrument was the quality assessment of e-content production process questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t test, ANOVA and MANOVA) were used. One sample t test results showed that the mean scale of quality of electronic content and its components, (access, organizing, layout, resources, language and evaluation) in the sample was more than assumed. The results of t test and MANOVA showed no significant difference between the mean scale of electronic content quality and the quality of its components with respect to gender. MANOVA and ANOVA results also showed a significant difference between the mean scale of electronic content and its components in students of different fields of study. In general, it can be said that the quality of e-learning course content from views of students majoring in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences was relatively adequate. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        472 - The Impact of E-Content Based on Gardner's Intrapersonal ‎and Interpersonal Intelligences on Students Learning
        Elahe Badie Mehran Farajollahi
        The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of e-content based on Gardner's intrapersonal &lrm;and interpersonal intelligences on students learning. In this quasi-experimental applied research, the pre-test - post-test with control group method was conducted in More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of e-content based on Gardner's intrapersonal &lrm;and interpersonal intelligences on students learning. In this quasi-experimental applied research, the pre-test - post-test with control group method was conducted in the academic year of 2012- 2013. Sixty third grade computer students of vocational &lrm;schools in Isfahan participated in this study. They were selected through multistage cluster sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Background characteristics and &lrm;profiles of multiple intelligences were measured in both groups via Mackenzie questionnaire and homogeneity of the two groups was &lrm;evaluated. Cronbach's alpha reliability of this instrument was calculated 0.738. Both groups (experimental and control) were trained same lessons in 8 sessions (each 70 minutes) in conventional method. Students of experimental group used a researcher-made e-content for learning, beside the conventional method, in &lrm;their class.&nbsp; In both groups the same pre-test and post-test were &lrm;performed. Multivariate covariance &lrm;analysis revealed that learning achievements in the group trained with the e-content based on &lrm;intrapersonal intelligence was significantly higher than the control group, but in method based on &lrm;interpersonal intelligence, there was no significant difference between the learning achievements of &lrm;the two groups.&lrm; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        473 - Evaluating Factors Influencing Success of Virtual Education in Research Institute of Petroleum Industry
        Kamran Mohammadkhani Amir Hossein Mohammad Davoudi Atefeh Jalali
        Using virtual education helps in creating, managing and developing education effectively, rapidly and economically. The success of virtual education today stands among the most significant subjects in the educational administration. The purpose of the present study was More
        Using virtual education helps in creating, managing and developing education effectively, rapidly and economically. The success of virtual education today stands among the most significant subjects in the educational administration. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the factors influencing the success of virtual education including system quality, information and content quality, facilitative factor, teachers' quality, teachers-students interaction and operators' intention. The research method was descriptive and survey. Data gathering instrument was a self-administered questionnaire approved by the experts. The reliability was calculated using Cronbach coefficient with the ratio of 0.92. The statistical population of the study consisted of all experts in the Research Institute of Petroleum industry (RIPI) who had passed the related virtual education in 2012 (N=250). Using stratified random sampling, 156 people were chosen as sample. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation was used. Inferential statistics including Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t test and Freidman test were used to verify the hypotheses. Results showed that the factors influencing the success of virtual education in the (RIPI) were evaluated in an appropriate condition. Prioritizing the factors, it was also revealed that information and content qualify, operators' intention and system qualify stood in better conditions comparing the other factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        474 - Determining the relationship between understanding the wisdom of e-learning and conflict, content And evaluation of course content
        farhad shafiepoor motlagh Abbas Gholtash
        The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between understanding the wisdom of e-learning with content engagement, content understanding and evaluation of course content. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population incl More
        The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between understanding the wisdom of e-learning with content engagement, content understanding and evaluation of course content. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all professors of educational sciences in Markazi and Isfahan provinces (73 people) in the academic year 1399-1400. The census sampling method was used due to the limitation of the statistical population, which finally had 66 respondents. The research tool includes 4 categories of researcher-made questionnaires, which are: 1. Questionnaire for understanding the wisdom of e-learning 2. Questionnaire for engaging the content of the course (Shafipour Motlagh, 2019) 3. Questionnaire for understanding the content of the course and 4. Questionnaire for evaluating the content of the course. The content validity of the questionnaire was provided according to the opinions of experts and the validity coefficient of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.93, 0.95, 0.92 and 0.94, respectively. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) and Inferential statistics (Pearson correlation tests, stepwise multiple regression and structural equation modeling) were used. &lt;P has been significant. The studied model has a relatively good fit. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        475 - Analysis of the Content of the Eighth Grade Work and Technology Book (First Year of High School) According to the Characteristics of E-Citizen
        amirhosen mehdizadeh alireza araghieh somayeh moradi
        The aim of this study was to analyze the content of the eighth grade workbook and technology (junior high school) from the perspective of e-citizen characteristics. The purpose of the research was applied and the method of its description was descriptive of content anal More
        The aim of this study was to analyze the content of the eighth grade workbook and technology (junior high school) from the perspective of e-citizen characteristics. The purpose of the research was applied and the method of its description was descriptive of content analysis. The statistical population was the eighth grade work and technology book (first year of high school) approved by the Educational Research and Planning Organization (2019). A complete census was used to sample. Data collection tools, checklist 10 questions based on the e-Citizen e-Citizen's Skills and Training Standard (E-Citizen) Group of Information Technology Curriculum Planning and Technical and Vocational Education Organization (2009) in three components of basic computer knowledge and skills, knowledge and information search skills, He was an electronic citizen. The checklist validity was confirmed by the triangulation method and its reliability was estimated using the Cope Cohen method, and the coefficient of agreement obtained, which was equal to 0.602, showed the level of agreement between the two experts as "significant". the feature of "basic computer knowledge and skills" with an average rank of 2.63 had the most attention and the feature "participation and electronic citizen" with an average rank of 1.13 had the least attention. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        476 - The Effectiveness of Electronic Content of Experimental Science Course on Academic Enthusiasm and Vitality of Seventh High School Students Based on Scorm Model
        zahra amini Fatemeh Nataghi Mohammad Seifi
        The aim of this study was to identify the effectiveness of electronic content of experimental science course on the academic enthusiasm and vitality of seventh grade high school students based on the Scorm model. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a p More
        The aim of this study was to identify the effectiveness of electronic content of experimental science course on the academic enthusiasm and vitality of seventh grade high school students based on the Scorm model. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population was all seventh grade high school students in Hamadan in the academic year 1399-1398, from which 30 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. To conduct the research, under the same conditions, both pre-test groups were studied using Fredricks (2004) and Dehghanizadeh and Hossein Chari (2010) Academic Enthusiasm Questionnaire. It was given in such a way that the control group was trained in the classroom in the usual way and the experimental group learned the same things in the form of the Scorem standard. After the training sessions on the experimental group, The results of analysis of covariance showed that e-content teaching increases students' academic enthusiasm and vitality. In general, the results of this study showed that the use of e-content strategies training is effective to increase students' academic enthusiasm and vitality. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        477 - Developing Student-Teachers' Content Knowledge and Teaching Skill through a Model of Integrating Problem-Based Learning with Information and Communication Technology
        Mehdi Karami Zohreh Karami Mohammad Attaran
        The aim of the present research was studying the effect of combining problem-based learning with information and communication technology on the development of content knowledge and pedagogical skills of student-teachers of teacher training center. All student-teachers More
        The aim of the present research was studying the effect of combining problem-based learning with information and communication technology on the development of content knowledge and pedagogical skills of student-teachers of teacher training center. All student-teachers of Shahid Bahonar Teacher Training Center of Hamadan province in 2011 were selected as population of the research, and of them, two groups of primary education major were chosen as the sample. The methodology of the present research was quasi-experimental, and the pretest-posttest design with control group was employed. In the control group, a program was generated by the teacher-trainer using Power Point software, and through that program, the student-teachers were taught how to teach mathematical concepts using problem solving and discovery learning methods. In the experimental group, after collecting information and devising their plan based on problem solving and discovery learning methods, the student-teachers were required to teach mathematical concepts in Power Point environment. In fact, the issue they were dealing with was how to design a dynamic program by means of which their students were enabled to discover concepts. The procedure of carrying out the research lasted for two weeks. So, after performing the research, both groups were given theory and practice tests in the fields of content knowledge and pedagogical skills. The analysis of the results of two tests (theory and practice) by means of independent-sample t test showed that knowledge and skill performance of student-teachers who had combined problem-based learning with ICT in order to solve the problem was better than the group who had merely employed the ICT. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        478 - Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Traditional Yogurts Produced by Nomads in Khorasan-e-Razavi
        mohamad habibi reza farimani sedigheh fazli
        Yogurt is one of the most popular types of fermented milk almost all over the world particularly the Middle East. However, due to poor sanitary conditions of milking and storage, improper heat treatment, and secondary contamination, milk is a good media for transmission More
        Yogurt is one of the most popular types of fermented milk almost all over the world particularly the Middle East. However, due to poor sanitary conditions of milking and storage, improper heat treatment, and secondary contamination, milk is a good media for transmission of a broad range of pathogens. The aim of this study was to examine health and chemical properties of artisanal yogurt produced by nomads. Samples were collected from nomadic regions in Khorasan-e-Razavi Province. The viable count of coliform, E.coli, coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus), yeast and molds, lactic acid bacteria and chemical properties (pH, acidity, fat and total solid) were determined. Most probable number (MPN) technique showed that only one yogurt sample prepared with raw milk exposed to low heat treatment (40 &deg;C) was contaminated with 2/4 &times; 102 CFU/g coliform and was E. coli positive. No Staphylococcus aureus were found in all examined samples. High counts of Yeast and molds in some samples revealed unsatisfactory sanitary conditions during fermentation and post production. PH of yogurt samples was in the range of 3.8 - 4.3 and the acidity was between 1.3 &ndash; 2%. The fat content of yogurt samples was varied between 0.5 to 45%. It is concluded that above mentioned products were considered containing health risks. Authorities should pay more attention and supervision focused on improving health conditions for production of such dairy product. This survey is the first reported case about production of a yogurt with raw milk in Iran. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        479 - بررسی محتوای فنلی، فلاونوئیدی و توانایی آنتی اکسیدانی برگ، گل، دانه ‏ و اسانس گیاه دارویی اسطوخودوس Lavandula officinalis در مقایسه با آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی
        شاهین مردانی نژاد
        10.30495/medherb.2022.693918
        Background &amp; Aim: Lavandula officinalis is one of great importance due to its aromatic compounds and medicinal uses but not many studies have been done on the antioxidant power of different plant organs.Experimental: Antioxidant ability of Lavender leaves, flowers, More
        Background &amp; Aim: Lavandula officinalis is one of great importance due to its aromatic compounds and medicinal uses but not many studies have been done on the antioxidant power of different plant organs.Experimental: Antioxidant ability of Lavender leaves, flowers, seeds and essential oil based on inhibition of free radicals and nitric oxide, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation by ferric thiocyanate and inhibition of malondialdehyde by thiobarbituric acid in compare with synthetic antioxidants Butyl Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and Butyl Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) were measured.Results: The phenolic and flavonoid content of the leaf was 96.49&plusmn;6.35 (&micro;g gallic acid per mg dry weight of the extract) and 39.97&plusmn;3.36 (&micro;g of catechins per mg dry weight of the extract) respectively, more than other samples. In the study of antioxidant power, plant leaf extract with 48.66&plusmn;5.5 &mu;g was able to inhibit 50% of DPPH radicals, which had a weaker ability than synthetic antioxidants. The leaf extract of the plant had a higher ability than the synthetic antioxidant BHA to inhibit nitric oxide radicals and its ability was as high as BHT. The ability to inhibit the linoleic acid peroxidation of leaf and flower extracts at the beginning of the functional test showed similar BHT and BHA, at the end, the ability of leaf extract was stronger than BHA and weaker than BHT. The inhibitory potential of malondialdehyde leaf extract (82.66&plusmn;1.5%) was better than BHA and weaker than BHT. Pearson correlation coefficients between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of samples were high. Examination of leaf essential oil using GC-MS technique showed the presence of phenolic compounds in the plant.Recommended applications/industries: Due to the dangers of synthetic antioxidants in the food industry, the results of this study could introduce another application of this plant in terms of strong antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        480 - تجزیه و تحلیل مقایسه ای GC-MS، فعالیت های آنتی اکسیدانی و سیتوتوکسیک دانه و عصاره n-هگزانی پوست ساقه Garcinia kola Heckel
        سیده آکورو اوینلاد اوگوندار آدکونله اویدولا
        10.30495/medherb.2023.707916
        Background &amp; Aim: Garcinia kola is one of the well-known tropical medicinal plants known in the traditional management of several diseases especially connected with inflammatory and degenerative diseases. This study was designed to compare the phytochemical contents More
        Background &amp; Aim: Garcinia kola is one of the well-known tropical medicinal plants known in the traditional management of several diseases especially connected with inflammatory and degenerative diseases. This study was designed to compare the phytochemical contents and cytotoxic activities of crude G. kola n-hexane seed and stem-bark extracts by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).Experimental: Fresh seeds and stem-bark of G. kola were collected, authenticated and extracted by macerating in n-hexane separately. The compounds in the crude extracts were evaluated using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS). The cytotoxic activity was determined using the brine shrimp lethality assay.Results: Extraction of the plant materials yielded the crude n-hexane extracts GKSE and GKBE from the G. kola seed and stem-bark, respectively. GC-MS analysis detected 54 and 34 compounds in GKSE and GKBE, respectively. The most abundant compounds in both extracts were Lanosta-8,24-dien-3-one and Oxacycloheptadec-8-en-2-one with percentage abundance of 20.72% and 22.71%, respectively. The stem-back extract (LC50=42.76&plusmn;1.85 &mu;g/mL) showed better cytotoxic activity than the seed extract (LC50=73.15&plusmn;1.51 &mu;g/mL). GC-MS results for both extracts indicated compounds known for their antioxidant and anticancer properties which may explain some of the various ethno-medical uses of G. kola seed and stem-bark.Recommended applications/industries: This plant could be a source of a new anticancer drug. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        481 - اثر روش‌های مختلف خشک‌کردن بر برخی ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی گل گاوزبان ایرانی
        آرش سعیدی حسینعلی اسدی قارنه
        10.18869/JHD.2017.87
        مقدمه و هدف: گل گاوزبان ایرانی(Echiumamoenum Fisch. &amp;Mey)از گیاهان دارویی اندمیک ایران و متعلق به خانواده براژیناسه است که گلبرگ‌های بنفش آن از زمان‌های گذشته در طب سنتی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گرفته است. خشک‌کردن از مهم‌ترین فرآیندهای پس از برداشت گیاهان دارویی است که More
        مقدمه و هدف: گل گاوزبان ایرانی(Echiumamoenum Fisch. &amp;Mey)از گیاهان دارویی اندمیک ایران و متعلق به خانواده براژیناسه است که گلبرگ‌های بنفش آن از زمان‌های گذشته در طب سنتی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گرفته است. خشک‌کردن از مهم‌ترین فرآیندهای پس از برداشت گیاهان دارویی است که می‌تواند بر ویژگی‌های کیفی آن‌ها مؤثر باشد. روش‌ تحقیق: این پژوهش در سال 1394 در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و در سه تکرار در دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) انجام شد. روش‌های مختلف خشک‌کردن شامل خشک‌کردن در سایه، آفتاب و استفاده از دماهای مختلف آون (45، 65 و 85 درجه سانتی‌گراد) و توان‌های مختلف میکروویو (200، 300 و 400 وات) بودند. مدت زمان خشک‌شدن گلبرگ‌های گل گاوزبان ایرانی، کلروفیل کل، میزان کارتنوئیدها، آنتوسیانین کل و فلاونوئیدهای نمونه‌های مورد ارزیابی از مهم‌ترین صفات اندازه‌گیری شده بودند. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد روش‌های مختلف خشک‌کردن تأثیر معنی‌داری بر زمان خشک‌شدن، میزان کلروفیل کل، محتوای کارتنوییدها، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین کل دارد. بیشترین و کم‌ترین زمان خشک‌شدن به‌ترتیب در روش‌های سایه خشک و توان 400 وات مایکروویو مشاهده شد. میزان آنتوسیانین کل با افزایش دمای آون و توان مایکروویو کاهش یافت. همچنین بیشترین مقادیر کلروفیل کل و کارتنوئید در روش سایه- خشک اندازه‌گیری شدند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش، جهت خشک‌کردن گلبرگ‌های گاوزبان ایرانی، روش سایه- خشک به دلیل حفظ ویژگی‌های کیفی آن پیشنهاد می‌شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        482 - بررسی تأثیر توان شناختی و نگرش فراگیران در پودمان مجازی یاددهی واژگان انگلیسی به فراگیران ایرانی
        علیرضا جلیلی‌فر زهره گونی‌بند شوشتری سعید خزایی
        در دوران پست مدرن پیشینه فرهنگی فراگیران جزء جدایی‌ناپذیر فرایند یاددهی زبان انگلیسی محسوب می‌شود. از آن‌جا‌که عبارت‌های ایستا در گفتمان روزمره به تناوب مورد استفاده هستند، در این پژوهش ویژگی ایستایی در طراحی و تدوین محتوای آموزشی فرهنگ-محور برای عرضه بر روی تلفن‌همراه More
        در دوران پست مدرن پیشینه فرهنگی فراگیران جزء جدایی‌ناپذیر فرایند یاددهی زبان انگلیسی محسوب می‌شود. از آن‌جا‌که عبارت‌های ایستا در گفتمان روزمره به تناوب مورد استفاده هستند، در این پژوهش ویژگی ایستایی در طراحی و تدوین محتوای آموزشی فرهنگ-محور برای عرضه بر روی تلفن‌همراه مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. بدین منظور و در جهت اشاعه فرهنگ اسلامی به سایر مردمان جهان 90 عبارت و واژه نو از آموزه‌های دین اسلام به زبان انگلیسی انتخاب شد تا در تلفیق با پیوست‌های تصویری به 218 فراگیر ایرانی دختر و پسر ایرانی در مقطع متوسطه با سطح مهارت پیش-متوسط زبان انگلیسی، از طریق تلفن‌همراه در 18 جلسه آموزش مجازی عرضه شود. فراگیران در ابتدای هر جلسه و از طریق اجرای آزمون‌های حافظه فعال بصری و کلامی ارزیابی می‌شدند تا در گروه‌های چهارگانه محتوای آموزشی را فراگیرند. در پایان هر جلسه آموزشی با اجرای آزمون‌های یادآوری و بازشناسی آنها به صورت تکوینی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. از این‌رو نمرات فراگیران در ارزیابی‌های تکوینی و تلخیصی و پاسخ‌های آنان به سؤالات پرسش‌نامه نگرش مجموع داده‌های پژوهش‌ را تشکیل دادند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها حکایت از عمل‌کرد بهتر فراگیران با حافظه‌های فعال بصری و یا کلامی قوی در فراگیری و انتقال شکل ایستای عبارت و واژگان انگلیسی در محیط مجازی داشت؛ لذا نتایج بر لزوم تلفیق صحیح پیوست‌ها در طراحی محتوای آموزش مجازی تأکید دارند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        483 - A study of the viewpoints of residents of Tehranian citizens about environmental cultural propaganda and their priorities
        HosseinAli Ghajari Mohamadsaleh Hosseinzadeh
        culture is one of the most important issues of urban sociology . considering the importance of culture and environmental cultural propaganda and the need to pay attention to citizens' opinions, The present article was written in order to calculate the level of citizen More
        culture is one of the most important issues of urban sociology . considering the importance of culture and environmental cultural propaganda and the need to pay attention to citizens' opinions, The present article was written in order to calculate the level of citizens' satisfaction and their priorities regarding environmental cultural propaganda. Due to the research problem and the need for scientific and methodical answers to research questions, the conceptual framework of research was determined by reviewing various concepts and theories. The conceptual framework of the research consists of the dimensions of the content of cultural advertising and the forms of environmental cultural advertising. The method of the present article is a d survey. The statistical population of all citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran, the sample size of 1151 people . The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, . article, The priorities of environmental cultural advertising contents based on the general dimensions of culture in order of percentage are: The social dimension of environmental advertising is 49.5%, the economic dimension is 25.4% and the political dimension is 25.1%.The first priority of Tehran citizens in terms of social or public culture is: family with 19.8%,In the economic dimension: consumption culture with 25.7% and in the political dimension system evaluation with 24.4% the Maximum effectiveness of environmental advertising is related to billboards with Mean2.35 of 4 Also, there is no correlation between social class, gender and place of residence with the level of people's satisfaction with environmental advertising. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        484 - .A study of the viewpoints of residents of Tehran about cultural environmental advertisements and their priorities
        HosseinAli Ghajari Mohamadsaleh Hosseinzadeh
        In urban sociology, urban culture, in addition to the body of the city, is one of the most important issues to be taken into consideration. Therefore, the promotion of urban culture in cities is one of the basic topics in urban sociology. Given the importance of culture More
        In urban sociology, urban culture, in addition to the body of the city, is one of the most important issues to be taken into consideration. Therefore, the promotion of urban culture in cities is one of the basic topics in urban sociology. Given the importance of culture and cultural environmental advertisements and the need to pay attention to citizens' opinions, the present study aimed to examine the level of citizens' satisfaction with and their priorities regarding cultural environmental advertisements. The conceptual framework of the research consisted of a collection of theories concerning the media, culture, and advertisement. The present study was a descriptive survey. The research population consisted of all citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran, of which 1151 individuals from the 22 districts of Tehran were selected using a proportional sampling technique. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The findings showed the priorities of the residents in order of percentage are as follows: social environmental advertising was 49.5%, economic advertising wa 25.4% and the political advertising was 25.1%. The first priority of Tehrani citizens in terms of social or public culture was: family with 19.8%, In the economic dimension: consumption culture with 25.7% and in the political dimension: system evaluation with 24.4% And the maximum effectiveness of environmental advertising was related to billboards with &nbsp;a mean of 2.35 of 4. Also, there weres no correlations between social class, gender, and place of residence with the level of people's satisfaction with environmental advertising. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        485 - Content Analysis of Peace in Shamlou's Poem (Case Study: Fresh Breath Book)
        Sajad Mombeini masoud hajizadehmeymandi yasin khorampor
        &nbsp;This study investigates the peace concept in Shamlou's poem, with emphasis on Fresh Breath book. To this end, Content Analysis has been used. First, based on definitions of peace, this concept is classified in 3 classes: freedom, fraternity and reclamation. Also, More
        &nbsp;This study investigates the peace concept in Shamlou's poem, with emphasis on Fresh Breath book. To this end, Content Analysis has been used. First, based on definitions of peace, this concept is classified in 3 classes: freedom, fraternity and reclamation. Also, for more objectivity, based on Moean's dictionary, each of these items was classified in some classes and codes had divided between them. Results show that the peace concept exists in Shamlou's Poem, too much. In 61 poems of all poems, peace is identifiable. Majority of codes, i.e 47.3% of them, had situated in fraternity item. In &nbsp;conclusion, based on results of this research, we can know Shamlou as a peaceful poet that in his era, his poem is harbinger of freedom, friendship and fraternity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        486 - چندشکلی‌های تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNPs) جدید در ناحیه‌های اینترون 2 و اگزون 3 ژن لپتین در گاوهای Sumba Ongole
        و.پ.ب. پوترا پ.پ. آگونگ
        ژن لپتین (LEP) گاوی به &shy;طور وسیعی به&shy; عنوان یک ژن کاندیدا برای انتخاب مولکولی برای بهبود صفات تولیدی گاوها استفاده شده است. این پژوهش برای تعیین چندشکلی‌های تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNPs) در ژن LEP گاوهای Sumba Ongole (SO, Bos indicus) با استفاده از روش توالی&shy; یابی ان More
        ژن لپتین (LEP) گاوی به &shy;طور وسیعی به&shy; عنوان یک ژن کاندیدا برای انتخاب مولکولی برای بهبود صفات تولیدی گاوها استفاده شده است. این پژوهش برای تعیین چندشکلی‌های تک نوکلئوتیدی (SNPs) در ژن LEP گاوهای Sumba Ongole (SO, Bos indicus) با استفاده از روش توالی&shy; یابی انجام شد. در این پژوهش مجموعه‌ای از 31 حیوان برای تجزیه و تحلیل استفاده شدند. تحقیق نشان داد که مجموعه‌ای از 16 SNPs در ژن LEP شناسایی شدند. یک توالی 2025 جفت بازی از ژن LEP در این مطالعه بررسی شد و شامل اینترون 2 (1002 جفت باز) و اگزون 3 (1023 جفت باز) بود. مقدار محتوای اطلاعات چندشکلی (PIC) از 0.06 (پایین) تا 0.37 (متوسط) متغییر بود. مجموع 16 چندشکلی در ژن LEP گاوهای SO ارزش PIC متوسط داشتند&nbsp;(0.25&lt;PIC&lt;0.50) و شامل 12 چندشکلی در اینترون 2 و چهار چندشکلی در اگزون 3 می‌شدند. چندشکلی‌های با ارزش PIC متوسط در اینترون 2 (g.2325G/T؛ g.2423A/C؛ g.2448C/T؛ g.2456C/G؛ g.2466C/T؛ g.2778T/A؛ g.2857G/A) و اگزون 3 (g.3260T/C؛ g.3272T/C؛ g.3356C/T؛ g.3468G/A) شناسایی شدند. چندشکلی g.3468G/A به&shy; عنوان چندشکلی جدید در ژن LEP گاوهای SO معرفی شد که در دیگر نژادهای گاو گزارش نشده است. این چندشکلی باعث تغییر اسیدآمینه از گلایسین (GGG) به آرژنین (AGG) شد. دو نوع از جهش در ژن LEP گاوهای SO شناسایی شد و شامل ترانسورژن (44 درصد) و ترانزیشن (56 درصد) بود. نتیجه گرفته شد که ژن LEP در گاوهای SO چندشکلی نشان داد و دارای پتانسیل برای انتخاب مولکولی در برنامه اصلاح نژادی از طریق تحقیقات عمیق است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        487 - Effects of Concentrate Source (Cottonseed vs. Barley)on Milk Performance and Fatty Acids Profile of Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows
        A.I. Roca-Fernandez A. Gonzalez-Rodriguez O.P. Vazquez-Yanez J.A. Fernandez-Casado
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        488 - بررسی اثر جایگزینی مکمل سولفات آهن با نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و میزان ذخیره آهن بافت جوجه‌های گوشتی
        M.A. Behroozlak م. دانشیار پ. فرهومند ع. نیکو
        آزمایشی به منظور مقایسه اثرات نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن (FeHPO4-nanoparticles) با سولفات آهن (FeSO4.7H2O) بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و میزان ماده معدنی ماهیچه سینه جوجه&shy;های گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش، تعداد 200 قطعه جوجه خروس گوشتی یکروزه سویه راس به طور تصادفی ب More
        آزمایشی به منظور مقایسه اثرات نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن (FeHPO4-nanoparticles) با سولفات آهن (FeSO4.7H2O) بر عملکرد، خصوصیات لاشه و میزان ماده معدنی ماهیچه سینه جوجه&shy;های گوشتی انجام گرفت. در این آزمایش، تعداد 200 قطعه جوجه خروس گوشتی یکروزه سویه راس به طور تصادفی به 4 گروه آزمایشی با 5 تکرار و 10 پرنده در هر تکرار اختصاص یافتند. میزان آهن موجود در جیره پایه (ذرت-کنجاله سویا) در 3 دوره آزمایشی آغازین، رشد و پایانی به ترتیب 40/87، 13/85 و 24/82 میلی&shy;گرم بر کیلوگرم بودند. گروه&shy;های آزمایشی تغذیه&shy;ای شامل: 1- جیره پایه + 80 میلی&shy;گرم سولفات آهن (گروه شاهد) 2- جیره پایه + 4/6 میلی&shy;گرم نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن 3- جیره پایه + 2/3 میلی&shy;گرم نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن و 4- جیره پایه + 6/1 میلی&shy;گرم نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن بودند که از سن 1 تا 42 روزگی مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که جیره&shy;های آزمایشی تأثیر معنی&shy;داری بر صفات عملکردی میانگین مصرف خوراک روزانه، میانگین افزایش وزن روزانه، ضریب تبدیل خوراک، درصد تلفات و شاخص تولید اروپایی نداشتند (05/0P&gt;). افزودن نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن به جیره پایه در گروه آزمایشی دوم، وزن نسبی چربی محوطه بطنی را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد به طور معنی&shy;داری کاهش داد (04/0=P). همچنین با افزودن نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن در گروه آزمایشی سوم، پاسخ&shy;های رگرسیون درجه سوم (05/0=P) و درجه دوم (02/0=P) به ترتیب در مورد بازده لاشه و وزن نسبی کبد مشاهده گردید. پرندگان تغذیه شده با نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن در گروه&shy;های آزمایشی دوم و سوم در مقایسه با پرندگان دریافت‌کننده&shy; جیره حاوی 80 میلی&shy;گرم سولفات آهن، میزان آهن و مس بیشتری در ماهیچه سینه داشتند (05/0&gt;P). هیچ تفاوت معنی&shy;داری در بین گروه&shy;های آزمایشی برای میزان روی گوشت سینه مشاهد نشد (05/0P&gt;). نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که جایگزینی مکمل سولفات آهن با نانوذرات هیدروژن فسفات آهن بر عملکرد پرندگان تأثیرگذار نبود ولی توانست میزان آهن موجود در گوشت سینه جوجه&shy;های گوشتی را به طور معنی&shy;داری افزایش دهد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        489 - The physiological and biochemical responses of directly seeded and transplanted maize (Zea mays L.) supplied with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) under water stress
        Saeed Rezazadeh Mohammadnabi ilkaee Fayaz Aghayari Farzad Paknejad Mehdi Rezaee
        10.30495/ijpp.2019.670787
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        490 - The effect of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers on morphophysiological properties of Althaea officinalis
        Narges Meyghan Pezhman Moradi
        10.30495/ijpp.2018.543509
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        491 - Changes in some physiological traits and mucilage yield of sour tea (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) ‎under foliar application of magnesium and iron oxide nanoparticles
        Payam Moaveni Hasti Kiapour Behzad Sani faizeh rajabzadeh Hamid Mozafari
        10.30495/ijpp.2020.1899636.1225
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        492 - Seed Priming With Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Alleviate Salinity Stress In Wheat Plant
        Fateme Nasibi Effat Mousavi
        10.30495/ijpp.2020.1899216.1223
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        493 - Effects of Artemisia sieberi extract on growth and nutrients uptake of Peganum harmala
        Asma Ricki Maryshany Mahdieh Ebrahimi Ebrahim Shirmohammadi
        10.30495/ijpp.2018.540890
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        494 - Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on antioxidative responses, phenolic metabolism and photochemical activity of strawberry under salt stress
        Soheila Samadi Ghader Habibi Atousa Vaziri
        10.30495/ijpp.2019.545950
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        495 - Differential responses of two Iranian rice cultivars to arsenite toxicity
        Mahdi Yousofinia Faezeh Ghanati Markus J. Tamas Hassan Zare Maivan
        10.30495/ijpp.2018.545666
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        496 - Common basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) responses to lead (Pb(NOз)2) stress: Germination, morpho-physiological, and phytochemical
        Mohsen Poursaeid Alireza IranBakhsh Mostafa Ebadi Mohammad Hossein Fotokian
        10.30495/ijpp.2021.1902917.1235
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        497 - Effects of hydro- and bio-priming on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seedlings under drought stress
        Saba Dashab Heshmat Omidi
        10.30495/ijpp.2021.1919331.1282
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        498 - Early Sowing Date as A Cultivation Strategy to Alleviate Drought Effects ‎On Yield Components of Different Canola Genotypes
        Nadia Gharechaei Amir Hossein Shirani Rad Nasser Shahsavari
        10.30495/ijpp.2021.1907285.1251
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        499 - Physiological and biochemical changes of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars during different growth stages
        Alireza Khedri Behzad Sani behnam Zand Hamid Mozafari Payam Moavni
        10.30495/ijpp.2022.1948975.1396
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        500 - Evaluation of gene expression, enzymatic and biochemical activity of leaves in native and foreign genotypes of bread wheat before and after anthesis
        Saeid Navabpour Abolfazl Mazandarani Ahad Yamchi
        10.30495/ijpp.2021.1922919.1300
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        501 - Salinity stress alleviation by use of silicon in Ocimum basilicum L.: an approach based on enhancing antioxidant responses
        Shahla Sharifian Jazi Latifeh Pourakbar Shokofe Enteshari
        10.30495/ijpp.2022.1940111.1367
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        502 - Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fruit and leaf of Bene (Pistacia atlantica subsp. Kurdica) in Ilam province .
        Parviz Malekzadeh Ali Asghar Hatamnia Hatamnia Khoshnood Nourollahi
        10.30495/ijpp.2015.539646
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        503 - The effect of the silicon and aluminum interaction on the physiological parameters of maize.
        Kourosh Delavar Faezeh Ghanati Hassan Zare-Maivan Mehrdad Behmanesh
        10.30495/ijpp.2016.532649
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        504 - Comparative ionomics and growth factors alteration in Lotus corniculatus under salt stress.
        Marjan Azarafshan Azarafshan Nasser Abbaspour
        10.30495/ijpp.2016.532650
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        505 - Introduction and critical review of manuscripts, structure and characteristics of Mohammad Darabi's commentary on Hafez's poems
        Fariba Kazemi saeed Aiyoub Koushan Ali Dehghan
        Commentaries, in addition to being able to provide a new point or reading of the text, somehow reflect the mentality of the era in which he lives. These works give a different interpretation according to the expectations of that age. In the current research, Mohammad Da More
        Commentaries, in addition to being able to provide a new point or reading of the text, somehow reflect the mentality of the era in which he lives. These works give a different interpretation according to the expectations of that age. In the current research, Mohammad Darabi&#039;s commentary on Hafez&#039;s poems has been examined and analyzed from a structural and content point of view. On the other hand, some of the most important manuscripts of this description have been evaluated along with explanations about them. The results show that it is necessary to be very careful in examining the manuscripts of this description because most of these manuscripts are very wrong and full of annotations. Some writers have also mentioned this issue and tried to correct the text. The history of many of these versions is based on speculation, and even in some cases, the introduced version is not related to the famous book &quot;Latifeye Gheybi&quot;. In any case, the ideological reading of Hafez&#039;s poems, attribution of other people&#039;s poems to Hafez, lack of attention to vocabulary and symbols, and criticism of Sufis in Hafez&#039;s poems are among the characteristics of Darabi&#039;s commentary. This description, with all the problems it may have, from the point of view of &quot;reader reaction&quot; criticism, shows a part of the commentators&#039; mentality in the Safavid era society. An era when Hafez&#039;s poetry is interpreted with the principles of Shiism. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        506 - Formal and content indexes of didactic literature
        رحمان مشتاق مهر سردار بافکر
        Didactic literature has special formal and content indexes content that determine its distinction from other genres. Some of them are main, necessary and sufficient condition. If they don&rsquo;t exist, we have no didactic literature .some of these condition are ancilla More
        Didactic literature has special formal and content indexes content that determine its distinction from other genres. Some of them are main, necessary and sufficient condition. If they don&rsquo;t exist, we have no didactic literature .some of these condition are ancillary. The purpose of the present paper is to discover new relationships between content, language, imagery, music, poetry, debates grammatical, literary industry and the educational literature. For each of these parameters, samples of couplets, quatrains, odes, sonnets, prose and their strengths and weaknesses have been examined. Familiarities with these criteria help us to make distinction between didactic and non- didactic literature. Besides, it gives us a scientific glance to the didactic literature. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        507 - Didactic-Ethical Instructions in Hakim Nazaari Ghohestani's Sonnets (Ghazals)
        Parvin Rezaei
        10.30495/pars.2021.686087
        Education and training has long been very important and poets and writers have always paid attention to this issue in their works. Nazaari Ghohestani is one of the poets who knows the value of applying didactic teachings. He has used his didactic teachings in his sonnet More
        Education and training has long been very important and poets and writers have always paid attention to this issue in their works. Nazaari Ghohestani is one of the poets who knows the value of applying didactic teachings. He has used his didactic teachings in his sonnets (Ghazals); therefore, his lyric poems are replete with educational and moral themes and meanings. In this research, the author intends to use descriptive-analytical research method and library materials in order to do a content-statistical analysis of the didactic teachings in Hakim Nazaari's sonnets. The result of this study shows that Nazaari in his sonnet invites to the important moral and humane virtues such as patience, repentance, kindness, forgiveness, sound behavior and kindness, contentment and fulfilling the promise. He also Forbids and warns against vices such as hatred, greed, cunning and deceit, pride, persecution of others, oppression, interest in worldly belongings, etc. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        508 - The ethical teaching(s) in narrative & non narrative texts
        jalil tajlil zahra Iranmanesh
        If we accept that the aim of syntax is to control the tongue in speaking without error and the aim of logic is to protect thought against error in judgments, so the aim of ethics will be protect humans against error in the behaviors. When human take step in the straight More
        If we accept that the aim of syntax is to control the tongue in speaking without error and the aim of logic is to protect thought against error in judgments, so the aim of ethics will be protect humans against error in the behaviors. When human take step in the straightforward way without any carnal desires and with blindly mimics, so the aim of each science except ethics is to prevent error in the judgments and its respective issues. However, the purpose of ethics is to create a community based on fortunate, leadership of justice, security and cooperation for protecting life against ravages and tyrannies and something guides society into revolt and revolution and also directs it (life) to more perfection. This concept refers to the human and society improvement in observing the straightforward way. In this article, the effort is to discuss some issues of ethical values with reference to Quran ad some literally samples or narrations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        509 - The study of didactic and ethical thoughts in social poetry of constitutionality era
        Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni
        In the history of Iran, many events lead to the formation of constitutionality. The emergence of constitutionality by itself put forward the changes of attitudes towards literature, ethical and didactic contents such as justice action, patriotism, and humanity. By putti More
        In the history of Iran, many events lead to the formation of constitutionality. The emergence of constitutionality by itself put forward the changes of attitudes towards literature, ethical and didactic contents such as justice action, patriotism, and humanity. By putting forward these contents the prose and verses of this period are complete reflection of truths as well as the expression of derivation and oppression of people. Therefore, the verses of this period entered to the heart of people. Finally, the direct expression of the social and ethical in verses of this period are different and impressive. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        510 - Content analysis of Persian Books in the First Secondary School Based on the Level of Attention to the Components of Moral Education
        Mansour Nikpanah
        10.30495/pars.2022.699221
        The current research was carried out with the aim of investigating and analyzing the level of attention paid to the components of moral education in Persian texts of the first secondary school. The research method is categorical content analysis and the unit of analysis More
        The current research was carried out with the aim of investigating and analyzing the level of attention paid to the components of moral education in Persian texts of the first secondary school. The research method is categorical content analysis and the unit of analysis includes text, poems, and images. The statistical population of this research is the Persian books of first to third grade schools in 1399-1400 and the research approach is practical. The tool for collecting information is a checklist. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics indicators of frequency and percentage have been used. The main results of the research showed that in the Persian books of the seventh grade, the most expressions belong, respectively, to the components of nature and love and affection, and the components of patience and tolerance and condemnation of whims and sensual desires have the least appearance. In the eighth and ninth grades, respectively, the components of naturalism and patriotism showed the most. Also, in the 8th grade, the components of patience and tolerance and contentment and in the 9th grade, contentment and condemnation of sensual whims and desires have the least expression. The question that we seek to answer in this research is, "How much coverage do moral components include in the content of the intended texts?"&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        511 - A glance at some of Shahriyar’s ethical-educational doctrines
        Toraj Aghdaie Hosein Ariyan
        Shariyar is an ethic-oriented poet who benefited from ethical and educational content in his poetry and then expressed them artistically. In this article we are not going to present the literary aspect of Shahriar&rsquo;s work, on the other hand we want to show both edu More
        Shariyar is an ethic-oriented poet who benefited from ethical and educational content in his poetry and then expressed them artistically. In this article we are not going to present the literary aspect of Shahriar&rsquo;s work, on the other hand we want to show both educational and artistic aspect of his work. The study of Shahriar&rsquo;s poetry shows that he has put great emphasis on the education of his readers. The most important educational contents that have received great attention are as followings "Soul, world, love and leave hostility, shame, patience, courtesy, generosity, contentment, leaving greed, humility, altruism and ...." that expressed his attitude toward these&nbsp; elements that they mainly constitute individual and social&nbsp; ethics. In this article the writer has made an attempt to study and analyze educational content used in Shahriar&rsquo;s poetry and explain its distinguishing features. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        512 - Content analysis of general skills in marital and familial life in Saadi's Boostan
        MARYAM Fatehizade SAHAR Khanjani Fatemeh Bahrami
        The aim of this research is content analysis of general skills in marital and familial life in Boostan of Saadi. The study is descriptive, content analysis and qualitative. Boostan of Saadi is analyzed by check list of researcher that is made with marital and familial l More
        The aim of this research is content analysis of general skills in marital and familial life in Boostan of Saadi. The study is descriptive, content analysis and qualitative. Boostan of Saadi is analyzed by check list of researcher that is made with marital and familial life in general skills. Then the data are analyzed by statistical indicator. The results showed that 302 times in Boostan of Saadi mentioned to marital and familial life in general skills totally.Boostan of Saadi has attended to skills such as deliberate speech, not verbosity, speak in fit opportunities, benefit of silence, importance of nonverbal rather than verbal communication, controlling anger, love, patience, not impulsive acts, forgive and overlook, censurable and good tempered.Study on marital and family life in general skills in Boostan of Saadi shown that how Saadi mentioned to skills of marital and familial skills in each his poem. Marital and familial skills drew the field of poetry with specific sweets. Saadi in compare with other Persian language poets has considered more the familial and social problems and religious attitudes and values. Several factors are linked with locution&rsquo;s eloquence of Sheykh e Ajal. He is using from every opportunity to deliver his own language and to attract audiences. Although the main goal of Saadi didn&rsquo;t story making his subtlety and delicacy in individuals selection and anecdote elements are effective on his rhetoric. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        513 - The effectiveness of Khwaju Kermani in Rowżat-al-anwār from Nezami Ganjei’s Makhzan al Asrar
        parvin dokht mashhoor reza jalili
        Nezami Ganjei is one of the greatest poets of Persian language. His poetic power caused many to think of imitating his style in poetry. Among those who imitate him is Khwaju Kermani, one of the most successful poets, who composed some poetry very near to the style of Ne More
        Nezami Ganjei is one of the greatest poets of Persian language. His poetic power caused many to think of imitating his style in poetry. Among those who imitate him is Khwaju Kermani, one of the most successful poets, who composed some poetry very near to the style of Nezami in Khamse. Rowżat-al-anw&rsquo;s Khwaju, as he called it, was written to imitate Makhzan al-Asrar. This imitation is manifested both in the form and content. One of the most important aspects of the effectiveness of content is reflected in the field of education. Therefore, what will be explored in future research are guidelines of praise and criticism similar to that Khwaju under the influence of the Nezami in the Rozatol al-anvar. The research method is descriptive-analytical; results show that the main approaches taken by two poets in teaching and praising, based on frequency, are as the following: "The praise of reason and thought, '' praise of humility and forgetting", "praise of the generosity and mercy", " the voluntary giving of help to people", "appealing to God and obedience to him, '' Attention to Heart, "" praise of good companion and finally" praise of silence and reticence. In connection with the criticism views of Nezami and Khajooyei&rsquo;s, the following itms could be mentioned:&nbsp; &ldquo;world criticism and its belongings", "criticism of injustice and oppression", "criticism of the fanatics 'and' criticism of hypocrisy" . Of he mentioned criticism world criticism and its belongings is the most frequently ones in both book of poems. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        514 - Ethics and Its Traditional and Contemporary Constituents in Nima’s Poetry
        MohammadHosein Nikdarasl Davood Ramezani Parsa AliReza Shanazari
        Constitution movement is one of the seldom events that have revolutionized social, political and cultural foundations of Iran. This change has been the result of connection with the west; the west which after medieval period, human- centrism, renaissance and industrial More
        Constitution movement is one of the seldom events that have revolutionized social, political and cultural foundations of Iran. This change has been the result of connection with the west; the west which after medieval period, human- centrism, renaissance and industrial revolution has arrived at modernity. In this impact of western modernity on Iran, Persian literature was amongst the constituents and offered new attitudes on features of literary works: features which matured when Nima appeared. In this attitude shift, Ethics was one of the things. In addition to its traditional contents, ethics experienced new things which were the result of modernity and a change in social structures and personal relations; things like patriotism, philanthropy, freedom, and etc. This essay reviews traditional contents of ethics in poetry of Nima and provides a scrutiny of new constituents in his poetry which were the result of the intellectual and literary transformation, for he was the most influential theorist of this transformation. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        515 - Improve Replica Placement in Content Distribution Networks with Hybrid Technique
        Davood Mokhlesi Ghanevati Ehsan Khorami Behzad Boukani Mohammad Trik
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        516 - Active Cache Placement Method for Load Balancing in Named Data Networking
        Babak Nikmard Naser Movahhedinia Mohammad Reza Khayyambashi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        517 - A Hybrid Approach for Content Replication Improvement in Content Delivery Networks
        Mostafa Moradi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        518 - The Impact of Mobility Prediction on the Performance of P2P Content Discovery Protocols over Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
        Mona Mojtabaee Morteza Romoozi Hamideh Babaei
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        519 - Using an Automatic Weighted Keywords Dictionary for Intelligent Web Content Filtering
        Najibeh Farzi Veijouyeh Jamshid Bagherzadeh
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        520 - The Impact of Visual Media in Promoting Rural Consumption (Case Study: Rural District of Tabadakan, Mashhad County)
        H. Sojasi Ghidari H. Mahmoodi A. Davarzani
        Mass media has a very important role in shaping the values and attitudes and willingness of people to consume in contemporary society. Changes in the level of consumerism in society are different from each other that seems to be more severe in the rural community of oth More
        Mass media has a very important role in shaping the values and attitudes and willingness of people to consume in contemporary society. Changes in the level of consumerism in society are different from each other that seems to be more severe in the rural community of other human communities. The present study examined the influence of visual media on the consumer's rural society. This research was applied in nature and descriptive-analytic in method and was conducted in 10 villages in Tabadakan city of Mashhad. The number of participants was 210 heads of households and information extracted from the questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS and GIS softwares and VIKOR model. The findings show that in the surveyed villages regarding the 6 Indicators, indicator hedonism consumerism in the study had the highest and the luxury had the lowest index. And in the selected villages, the village Khoshhava had the highest average and the village of Andrkh had the lowest average index of consumption. Also, with respect to the indicators consumerism and visual media, the highest correlation was seen in hedonism and individual protests and fashion had the second rank in correlation. According to the results of the rating analysis of the VIKOR model, two villages khosh hava and Ali Abad had the most and two villages Andrkh and Frkhnd had the lowest consumption. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        521 - تاثیر جدایه‌های قارچ تریکودرما بر تغییرات مرفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه گل مریم (Polianthes tuberose) تحت تنش خشکی
        حمید رضا ذکاوتی محمود شور حمید روحانی سید فاضل فاضلی کاخکی ابراهیم گنجی مقدم
        به&shy;منظور ارزیابی اثر جدایه‌های مختلف قارچ تریکودرما بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در گیاه زینتی گل مریم، دو آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار، اجرا گردید. در آزمایش اول و دوم، فاکتور اول جدایه &nbsp;Bi وجدایه 65 قارچ تریکودرما هاریزیانوم هر کدام در More
        به&shy;منظور ارزیابی اثر جدایه‌های مختلف قارچ تریکودرما بر کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی در گیاه زینتی گل مریم، دو آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار، اجرا گردید. در آزمایش اول و دوم، فاکتور اول جدایه &nbsp;Bi وجدایه 65 قارچ تریکودرما هاریزیانوم هر کدام در سه سطح (0، 10، 20 درصد حجمی گلدان) و فاکتور دوم در هر دو آزمایش، سه سطح تنش خشکی (25، 50 ،100 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بود. نتایج نشان داد هر دو جدایه در شرایط تنش، باعث افزایش وزن تر و خشک زیست‌توده و وزن خشک ریشه گل مریم در شرایط تنش شدند. وزن تر زیست‌‌توده به مقدار 4 گرم در حالت تنش 25 درصد توسط جدایه &nbsp;Biو 14 گرم توسط جدایه 65 افزایش یافت که بیانگر افزایش رشد این گیاه در حضور قارچ تریکودرما می‌باشد. مقدار پرولین در جدایه 65 در سطح 20 درصد حجمی نسبت به سایر مقادیر همین قارچ در تنش 50 و 25 درصد افزایش یافت. میزان رطوبت نسبی و سطح سبز برگ با اعمال سطوح مختلف دو قارچ با افزایش سطح تنش افزایش یافت. به طور کلی به نظر می‌رسد که جدایه های Bi و 65 قارچ تریکودرما هارزیانوم تاثیرات متفاوتی در شرایط تنش خشکی دارد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        522 - تأثیر تیمار پس‌‍از‌برداشت گابا روی برخی از ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی گل بریده آنتوریوم تحت انبارداری با دماهای پائین
        فریما مهجوری اصغر ابراهیم زاده محمدباقر حسن پور اقدم محمد علی اعظمی موالو
        نگهداری گل‌ شاخه بریده آنتوریوم در دماهای زیر 15 درجه سانتیگراد منجر به صدمه سرمازدگی و کاهش کیفیت و کوتاهی عمر پس از برداشت آنها می‌گردد. در این تحقیق، تأثیر تیمار پس‌از‌برداشت گاما‌آمینوبوتیریک‌اسید (گابا) در غلظت‌های صفر(شاهد)، یک و پنج میلی‌مولار بر روی طول عمر گلجا More
        نگهداری گل‌ شاخه بریده آنتوریوم در دماهای زیر 15 درجه سانتیگراد منجر به صدمه سرمازدگی و کاهش کیفیت و کوتاهی عمر پس از برداشت آنها می‌گردد. در این تحقیق، تأثیر تیمار پس‌از‌برداشت گاما‌آمینوبوتیریک‌اسید (گابا) در غلظت‌های صفر(شاهد)، یک و پنج میلی‌مولار بر روی طول عمر گلجائی، قهوه‌ای شدن اسپات، میزان فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، مقدار پراکسید هیدروژن، مقدار پرولین و مواد جامد محلول در گل شاخه بریده آنتوریوم&lsquo;Sirion&rsquo;در طول 10 روز نگهداری در دماهای 10 و پنج درجه سانتیگراد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلجائی گل‌ها در غلظت یک میلی‌مولار از گابا و در دمای 10 درجه سانتیگراد حاصل شد. تیمار گابا تأثیری در کاهش قهوه‌ای شدن اسپات نداشت. سطوح پراکسید هیدروژن در گل‌های تیمار شده با گابا در مقایسه با گل‌های شاهد کاهش یافت. شاخص پرولین در گل‌های تیمار شده با گابا بالاتر از میزان آن در گل‌های شاهد بود. بالاترین میزان مواد جامد محلول به گل‌های تیمار شده با گابای پنج میلی مولار و دمای پنج درجه سانتیگراد اختصاص یافت. تیمار با گابای پنج میلی مولار سبب بالارفتن میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسیددیسموتاز شد. گل‌های تیمار شده با گابای یک میلی‌مولار فعالیت بالای آنزیم کاتالاز را نشان دادند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        523 - تاثیر سایتوکینین و تنش شوری بر ویژگی‌های گلدهی و بیوشیمیایی یاسمن زمستانه
        معصومه فاضلی داوود نادری
        &nbsp;هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف تنش شوری و محلول&shy;پاشی 6-بنزیل آمینوپورین (بنزیل آدنین) بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی یاسمن زمستانه بود. بنابراین آزمایشی در سال‌های 96-1395 در مرکز تحقیقات گلخانه‌ای دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) انج More
        &nbsp;هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف تنش شوری و محلول&shy;پاشی 6-بنزیل آمینوپورین (بنزیل آدنین) بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی یاسمن زمستانه بود. بنابراین آزمایشی در سال‌های 96-1395 در مرکز تحقیقات گلخانه‌ای دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) انجام شد. این آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل بر اساس طرح کاملا تصادفی با چهار سطح تنش شوری (2، 4، 6 و 8 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) به‌عنوان عامل اول و سطوح مختلف بنزیل‌آدنین (کنترل (عدم کاربرد)، 25 و 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر) به عنوان عامل دوم در 3 تکرار (مجموع 36 واحد آزمایش) انجام شد. صفاتی مانند وزن تر و خشک وزن گل، تعداد گل، درصد کلروفیل a، b، کل، کاروتنوئید و آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز گیاه یاسمن زمستانه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که سطوح شوری و بنزیل‌آدنین تاثیر معنی‌داری بر تمام صفات داشت. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز در شوری هشت دسی‌زیمنس بر متر به‌طور معنی‌داری از فعالیت این آنزیم در تیمار دو دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بیشتر بود و بالاترین فعالیت آن در تیمار هشت دسی‌زیمنس بر متر مشاهده شد. از سوی دیگر، در بررسی اثرات استفاده از بنزیل‌آدنین، مشاهده شد که این تیمار اثرات مثبتی بر تمام صفات مورد بررسی دارد و اثرات آن&shy;ها وابسته به غلظت است. در پایان می‌توان گفت، با وجودی که تنش شوری اثر منفی بر یاسمن زمستانه داشت، تیمار بنزیل‌آدنین اثرات منفی تنش شوری را کاهش داده است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        524 - بررسی پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیکی گل مریم (Polianthes tuberosa L.) در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری
        خانی شاکرمی بهمن زاهدی عبدالحسین رضایی نژاد صادق موسوی فرد
        تنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیب‌های شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. به&shy;منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش More
        تنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیب‌های شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. به&shy;منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش کم آبیاری (بدون تنش W1= 90% FC، تنش متوسط &nbsp;W2=75% FCو تنش شدید W3=60% FC) به&shy;صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. محتوای آب نسبی، نشت الکترولیت، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، پرولین، میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدهید، فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی (سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز)، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق و مقاومت روزنه‌ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گل مریم تحت تأثیر تنش کم آبیاری قرار گرفتند. میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدهید و نشت یونی همبستگی معنی‌داری با اکثر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی نشان داد. محتوای آب نسبی، کلروفیل کل، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق، مقاومت روزنه‌ای، فعالیت سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر افزایش معنی&shy;داری نشان داد. همچنین میزان کاتالاز، مالون‌دی‌آلدهید و محتوای پرولین در رقم پرپر نسبت به رقم کم پر به&shy;طور معنی‌داری بیش‌تر بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری، رشد بهتری داشت. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        525 - بررسی اثرات 1-MCP (1-متیل سیکلوپروپن) بر شاخص‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عمر گلدانی Primula sinensis L.
        المیرا قاسم زاده ندا نکویار محمود قاسم نژاد زکیه صفا
        اثرات 1-MCP بر برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عمر گلدانی گل پامچال در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایۀ طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور 1-MCP در شش سطح (0، 50، 75، 100، 150 و 200 نانولیتر در لیتر)، در سه مدت زمان (18، 21 و 24 ساعت) در سه تکرار به تعداد 54 کرت آزمایشی و 270 بوت More
        اثرات 1-MCP بر برخی از صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و عمر گلدانی گل پامچال در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایۀ طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو فاکتور 1-MCP در شش سطح (0، 50، 75، 100، 150 و 200 نانولیتر در لیتر)، در سه مدت زمان (18، 21 و 24 ساعت) در سه تکرار به تعداد 54 کرت آزمایشی و 270 بوته پامچال مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در اتاق پس از برداشت دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رشت با دمای محیط 2&plusmn;20 درجه سانتی&shy;گراد، رطوبت&shy;نسبی 60 تا 70 درصد، شدت نور 15 تا 20 میکرومول بر مترمربع بر ثانیه و طول روز 12 ساعت انجام شد. در این تحقیق تولید اتیلن، درصد ماده خشک، عمر گلدانی گل پامچال، محتوای پروتئین در گلبرگ‌ها، شاخص‌های کلروفیل a، b و کل و نسبت گلچه‌های باز به گلچه‌های بسته اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که اثر مدت زمان فقط بر تولید اتیلن و میزان پروتئین گلبرگ معنی‌دار بود، اما غلظت 1-MCP روی تمامی صفات به جز عمر گلدانی معنی‌دار بود. اثر متقابل مدت زمان و غلظت 1-MCP از نظر آماری بر عمر گلدانی در سطح 5 درصد معنی‌دار بود، به&shy;طوری که تیمار T3C5 (24 ساعت + 150 نانولیتر در لیتر 1-MCP) عمر گلدانی را 2/1 روز در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش داد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        526 - کاربرد قبل از برداشت γ-آمینو بوتیریک اسید (GABA) و کلرید کلسیم بر بهبود عمر گلجایی گل رز شاخه بریده شده رقم جومیلیا
        نرگس احسانی مهر مهدی حسینی فرهی محسن عبدی پور سعید عشقی
        این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثرات گاما آمینو بوتیریک اسید (GABA) و کلرید کلسیم (CaCl2) بر عمر گلجایی و فعالیت آنزیم ACC سنتاز گل رز شاخه بریده رقم جومیلیا انجام شد. یک آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 12 تیمار و 3 تکرار در گلخانه کشت بدون خاک انجام شد. ت More
        این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثرات گاما آمینو بوتیریک اسید (GABA) و کلرید کلسیم (CaCl2) بر عمر گلجایی و فعالیت آنزیم ACC سنتاز گل رز شاخه بریده رقم جومیلیا انجام شد. یک آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 12 تیمار و 3 تکرار در گلخانه کشت بدون خاک انجام شد. تیمارها شامل گابا در چهار غلظت (0، 20، 40 و 60 میلی‌مولار) و کلرید کلسیم در سه غلظت (0، 0/75 و 1.5 درصد به صورت محلول‌پاشی) بود. کاربرد ترکیبی گابا و کلرید کلسیم به طور قابل توجهی عمر گلجایی گل رز شاخه بریده را در مقایسه با شاهد افزایش داد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین و کمترین عمر گلجایی در گیاهان تیمار شده با گابا 20، 40 یا 60 میلی مولار و 0/75 درصد کلرید کلسیم کلسیم و گل های تیمار نشده به ترتیب با 19/1، 18/86، 18/74 و 13/85 روز به دست آمد. کاربرد قبل از برداشت گابا و کلرید کلسیم فعالیت آنزیم ACC سنتاز را مهار کرد. بیشترین و کمترین فعالیت ACC سنتاز در گیاهان تیمار شده با 40 میلی مولار گابا و کلرید کلسیم 1/5 و 0/75 درصد و گل های تیمار نشده به ترتیب با 3/57، 3/96 و 8/18 نانومول بر گرم وزن تر مشاهده شد. کاربرد ترکیبی گابا و کلرید کلسیم میزان کلسیم را 100/95 درصد نسبت به گیاهان شاهد افزایش داد. بیشترین و کمترین میزان کلروفیل کل در برگها مربوط به گیاهان تیمار شده با 60 میلی مولار گابا و 0/75 و 1/5 درصد کلرید کلسیم و گل های تیمار نشده به ترتیب با 8/4، 8/24 و 6/22 میلی گرم بر گرم وزن تر بود. محلول پاشی گابا و کلرید کلسیم به طور قابل توجهی (P &lt; 0.01) باعث افزایش محتویات پلی آمین ها مانند پوترسین (Put)، اسپرمیدین (Spd) و اسپرمین (Spm) در گلبرگ های گل رز تیمار شده شد. بنابراین استفاده از محلول‌پاشی با 60 میلی مولار GABA&nbsp; و کلسیم کلرید 1/5 درصد به دلیل افزایش 38 درصدی عمر گل رز بریده توصیه می‌شود. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        527 - NanoTiO2, Quantum dot-Graphene Oxide, and CeO2 Foliar Prescription Meliorates Growth and Some Physiological Traits of Gazania (Gazania splendens L.) Under Salinity
        Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani Asghar Ebrahimzadeh Mina Tontab Ghadimi Mohammad Bagher  Hassanpouraghdam Farzad Rasoli
        The production and maintenance of ornamental plants are closely related to the high consumption of fresh water. Today, due to the limited water resources, we have to water plants with salt water sources. To evaluate the effects of foliar application of nano TiO2, CeO2, More
        The production and maintenance of ornamental plants are closely related to the high consumption of fresh water. Today, due to the limited water resources, we have to water plants with salt water sources. To evaluate the effects of foliar application of nano TiO2, CeO2, and quantum dot-graphene oxide (zero and 1.5 mg/L) and NaCl salinity stress (0, 75, 150 mM) on Gazania splendens L.; a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design. The results revealed that plant dry weight, flower number, proline and flavonoids content, antioxidant enzymes activity, MDA, H2O2, Na, N, and P content were influenced by the interaction effects of experimental treatments. The highest leaf dry weight, flower number, and N content were recorded at no-salinity × quantum dot-graphene oxide. The highest data for Na content, ion leakage (56.6%), H2O2 (246 nmol/mg FW), malondialdehyde (37 nmol/mg FW), and proline (1.1nmol/mg FW) content were recorded at NaCl150 mM × no-foliar spray. 150 mM salinity stress × quantum dot-graphene oxide increased catalase activity (8.9 µmol/g FW) in the plant. Superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase activity were influenced by NaCl150 mM × quantum dot-graphene oxide and TiO2 foliar spray. Chlorophyll index, total phenolics, and K/Na ratio were responded to the simple effects of salinity and foliar application. The top ratio of K/Na and chlorophyll index was recorded at quantum dot-graphene oxide foliar spray. 75 and 150 mM salinity improved phenolics content in plants. Foliar spray with all nanoparticles increased phenolics content. The overall results showed that salinity had adverse effects on the growth and physiological characteristics of Gazania splendens. Foliar treatments under 150 mM salinity stress; promisingly influenced the antioxidant enzymes activity and root dry weight of plants. All in all, Gazania splendens can tolerate up to 75 mM NaCl salinity stress without a remarkable decline in growth and physiological attributes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        528 - Drought Stress Impact on Some Biochemical and Physiological Traits of 4 Groundcovers (Lolium Perenne, Potentilla SPP, Trifolium Repens and Frankinia SPP) With Potential Landscape Usage
        Elham Samieiani Hossein Ansari
        Stress management is considered as an important factor in nowadays landscape. Therefore this research was conducted using a factorial experiment based on a randomized completely design with regulated deficit irrigation at four levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% of lawn irriga More
        Stress management is considered as an important factor in nowadays landscape. Therefore this research was conducted using a factorial experiment based on a randomized completely design with regulated deficit irrigation at four levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% of lawn irrigation requirement) and three replicates to evaluate some biochemical and physiological traits on four groundcover plants (Lolium perenne, Potentilla spp., Trifolium repens and Frankinia spp.) with the potential use in landscape. Results showed that Frankinia spp. and 75% lawn irrigation requirement bears the highest proline content with same amount (0.84 mg/g fresh weight) and on the other hand highest (32.61 mg/g fresh weight) and lowest (15.95 mg/g fresh weight) chlorophyll content was shown in control (irrigation treatments) and Frankinia spp., respectively. For total soluble carbohydrates content, highest amount (1.54 mg/g fresh weight) belongs to Lolium perenne whereas the lowest (0.79 mg/g fresh weight) belongs to Trifolium repens. Trifolium repens also had the most DPPH free radical-scavenging assay (75.05%) among species. In general, regulated deficit irrigation affects different biochemical characteristics of examined groundcover plants significantly, but as a managing method applying it to below the damaging point for landscape plants can be a good method for water consumption management in this manner. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        529 - The Effects of Different Floral Preservative Solutions on Vase life of Lisianthus Cut Flowers
        M. Kiamohammadi D. Hashemaabadi
        Two factorial experiments were conducted to study the interactive effects of four levels of sucrose (0, 20, 40 and 60 g l-1), two levels of citric acid (0 and 160 mg l-1) and two levels of one of the following compounds (aluminum sulphate, 0 and 160 mg l-1 and silver ni More
        Two factorial experiments were conducted to study the interactive effects of four levels of sucrose (0, 20, 40 and 60 g l-1), two levels of citric acid (0 and 160 mg l-1) and two levels of one of the following compounds (aluminum sulphate, 0 and 160 mg l-1 and silver nitrate, 0 and 120 g l-1) on vase life and quality attributes of lisianthus cut flowers &lsquo;Mariachi blue fonce.&rsquo; The experiments carried out a randomized complete block design with three replications. After 34 days of storage at 20&plusmn;2 oC the amount of water absorption, relative water content and opened flower buds were determined. According to the results application of 60 g l-1 sucrose in combination with citric acid led to the highest vase life (31 days). The highest relative water content (82.37%) and also the highest percentage of opened flower buds were obtained in flowers treated with 60 g l-1 sucrose and 160 mg l-1 aluminum sulphate. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        530 - Effect of Antibiotics and Essential Oils on Postharvest Life and Quality Characteristics of Chrysanthemum Cut Flower
        Davood Hashemabadi Mohammad Zarchini Shokrollah Hajivand Somayyeh Zarchini
        Chrysanthemum cut flower is not sensitive to ethylene and its vase life depends on vascular blockage. In order to evaluating of effect of antibiotics and essential oils on the vase life and quality characteristics of chrysanthemum cut flower an experiment carried out ba More
        Chrysanthemum cut flower is not sensitive to ethylene and its vase life depends on vascular blockage. In order to evaluating of effect of antibiotics and essential oils on the vase life and quality characteristics of chrysanthemum cut flower an experiment carried out based on a RCD with 10 treatments: Artemisia at 3 levels (10, 30 and 50 %), amoxicillin at 3 levels (100, 200 and 300 mg l-1), Rifampin at 3 levels (100, 200 and 300 mg l-1) and the control plants in 3 replications. Analysis of variance showed that effect of treatments on measured traits was significant at p&pound;0.05 or p&pound;0.01. Mean comparisons also revealed that 30% of Artemisia oil, 200 mg l-1 amoxicillin and 200 mg l-1 rifampin caused the longest vase life, the highest preservative solution uptake. petal's soluble protein contents, leaf chlorophyll and maximum fresh weight. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        531 - Investigating the Effectiveness of Farmers' Risk Management Strategies (Case Study: Khuzestan Province)
        Ramin Safaveyan Mohsen Mousaei Jahanbakhsh Rahimi Bagmalek
        Risk is an integral part of agriculture. risk management is the process of choosing an appropriate strategy from among different options to reduce risk. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of farmers' risk manag More
        Risk is an integral part of agriculture. risk management is the process of choosing an appropriate strategy from among different options to reduce risk. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of farmers' risk management strategies in Khuzestan province. The research is exploratory in terms of its purpose, in terms of the nature and type of data study of the newly emerging foundation, and in terms of time, it is a survey research. The statistical population of the research consists of professors, managers and leading farmers and experts who had sufficient experience in the field of agriculture. The sample size included 15 experts. The analysis method in the qualitative part is the content analysis method. The research results in the qualitative part identified 10 main factors (individual factors, environmental factors, economic factors, market factors, product insurance, human factors, educational-promotional factors, agricultural characteristics, social factors and political-institutional factors), and 28 dimensions. (Age, education, family size, background, access to credit and financial services, income, savings and investment, price, economic situation of the country, ownership, severe market fluctuations, approximate distance from the garden to the sales center, middlemen, government guaranteed purchase , promotion of agricultural insurance culture, land characteristics, climatic factors, pest and disease, manpower information, education, promotion factors, crop cultivation, social trust, use of indigenous knowledge, social participation, stability of laws and regulations, communication with foreign neighbors, government support). finally led to the identification of 99 effective concepts on the effectiveness of risk management strategies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        532 - Effect of Phosphatic Fertilizers on Chemical Composition and Total Phosphorus Uptake by Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
        Muhammad Bilal Khan Muhammad Iqbal Lone Rehmat Ullah
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        533 - Analysis of Extension and Education Contents in Agricultural Cooperatives in the Lorestan Province of Iran
        Elahe Rashidipour Azadeh N. Noorivandi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        534 - Effect of Seed Inoculation with Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Yield and Growth faba bean (Vicia faba L.) at the Different Values of Phosphorus Fertilizers
        Peyman Sharifi Zeinab MaghbolKerdar
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This research carried out in a field factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht at 2016-17 growing season. Experimental factors were including two levels of Pseudomonas fluorescent (seed inoculation More
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; This research carried out in a field factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Rasht at 2016-17 growing season. Experimental factors were including two levels of Pseudomonas fluorescent (seed inoculationand uninoculation) and six levels of phosphate fertilizer from super phosphate triple source (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg/ha). Pseudomonas effect was significant on pod length, number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant, hundred seed weight, dry seed yield, harvest index and phosphorous seed content (P&le; 0.01). Effect of phosphate fertilizer was significant on number of pod per plant, hundred seed weight, dry seed yield, harvest index and phosphorous seed content (P&le; 0.01). Interaction effects of two factors were significant on all of the studied traits except of harvest index (P&le; 0.01). The highest value of phosphorous seed content (355 ppm) was observed in combination treatment of 150 kg P/ha and Pseudomonas inoculation. Seed yield was 3893.3 kg/ha in combination of seed inoculation with Pseudomonas and phosphate fertilizer (90 kg/ha), which there was no significant differences with 120 and 150 kg P/ha. This fertilizer combination increased 38 percent seed yield in comparison to 90 kg/ha phosphate fertilizer and uninoculation of Pseudomonas bacteria. Overall, the inoculation with Pseudomonas bacteria and phosphate fertilizer (90 kg/ha) could achieve seed yield potential, reduce the adverse environmental impacts and save the P-fertilizer utilization. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        535 - Effect of silicon application on morphological and physiological characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus.annuus L.) under different moisture levels
        zohreh nabipour Gholamreza Zamani
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Available water is the main factor limiting crop growth and production in arid areas. In this regard, in order to investigate the effect of silicon application on morphological, physiological and yield characteristics of sunflower under different mois More
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Available water is the main factor limiting crop growth and production in arid areas. In this regard, in order to investigate the effect of silicon application on morphological, physiological and yield characteristics of sunflower under different moisture levels, an experiment was conducted in the crop year 2018-2019 in Gonabad, Iran. This study was conducted as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor of irrigation with different moisture levels based on water requirement includes four levels (100% water requirement, 80% water requirement, 60% water requirement and 40% water requirement) and the secondary factor of silicon consumption time. There were four levels (no application (control), application in vegetative stage, application in reproductive stage, application in vegetative stage and reproductive stage). The results showed that reducing the moisture level from 100% to 40% of water requirement reduced the quantitative traits studied; So that the lowest seed yield (1730.8 kg / ha) and oil yield (583.41 kg / ha) were obtained in the treatment of moisture level of 40% of water requirement. Also, the application of silicon under low moisture levels based on water requirement improved the effects of reducing moisture levels in all evaluated traits and seed yield. The highest seed yield (7572.96 kg / ha) was obtained in the treatment of 80% water requirement and application of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages and the lowest value (1193.54 kg / ha) was obtained in the treatment of 40% water requirement and without the use of silicon. Also, the application of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages compared to the non-application treatment (control) increased 2.5, 1.5 and 2.5 times the oil yield at different levels of moisture, including 80, 60 and 40% of water requirement. In general, the results showed that the use of silicon in the vegetative and reproductive stages at a moisture level of 80% of the water requirement compensated for the adverse effects of reducing the moisture level in the studied traits. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        536 - Effect of organic and chemical fertilizers along with silicon application on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)
        Hasan Yahyapoor Yousof Niknezhad
        10.2./jpps.2023.706908
        This research was conducted with aim of investigating the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers along with silicon on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.), in Mazandaran,, Amol during 2022. The experiment was More
        This research was conducted with aim of investigating the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers along with silicon on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.), in Mazandaran,, Amol during 2022. The experiment was cconducted as a split-plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments include the application of organic and chemical fertilizers at four levels (control, manure, vermicompost and chemical fertilizer) as the main plot and silicon at three levels (control, potassium silicate and nano-Si) were considered as sub plot. The results indicated that the most growth characteristics like plant height, number of flowers per plant and leaf area were obtained by chemical fertilizer. The highest dry weight of plant organ was achieved with use of chemical fertilizers. The highest dry weight of flowers (429.3 g.m-2) was obtained by chemical fertilizer, which was not significantly different from the use of vermicompost (417.3 g.m-2). The application of both sources of silicon led to improvement in the number of flowers per plant, leaf area, and concentration of chlorophylls compared with control, although the application of nano-Si had higher improvement effects compared with potassium silicate. The nano-Si increased the dry weight of flowers by 9.6 and 7.4% compared with non-application of silicon and potassium silicate, respectively. Therefore, according to the findings of the present study, application of vermicompost organic fertilizer is introduced as a suitable alternative to chemical fertilizers, as well as nano-Si application to improve the morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of purple coneflower. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        537 - Comparison of quantitative and qualitative yield response of different sugar beet genotypes under drought stress conditions
        behnam Ahmadi Hossein Sharifabad Mohammad Abdollahian noghabi Ali Mokhtassi Bidgoli Rahim Mohammadian
        10.2./jpps.2023.698920
        Drought stress is one of the main reasons for the reduction of quantitative and qualitative yield in sugar beet cultivation, on the other hand, the increasing reduction in available water, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, has made the worse situation. In this s More
        Drought stress is one of the main reasons for the reduction of quantitative and qualitative yield in sugar beet cultivation, on the other hand, the increasing reduction in available water, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, has made the worse situation. In this situation, the use of drought-resistant cultivars is an effective way to reduce production risk. For this purpose, experiments were conducted in the form of split plots in based of RCBD statistical design with the main factor of irrigation (90 and 180 mm) and sub-genotype factor (16 hybrids and 4 genotype control varieties) in the years 2016 and 2017 at Karaj Sugar Beet Research Institute. The results showed that there is a decreasing trend in the average root yield and white sugar yield in two years under stress conditions of 28.5 and 10.5%, respectively, compared to normal irrigation conditions. However, under stress conditions, sugar content had an increasing trend, and root impurity values (sodium and nitrogen) had a decreasing trend, which was accompanied by the highest values of the sugar extraction coefficient. Also, the reduction of water consumption in stressful conditions led to an increase in the efficiency of irrigation water in stressful conditions compared to normal. In the examination of genotypes, based on two indices of tolerance and resistance to drought stress and yield index, genotypes number 1, 3, 9, 12, and 16 were identified as promising genotypes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        538 - Check broadsheet Persian capital components sex novels
        شاپور بهیان مرجان زرندی پریرخ امامی
        According to sex as a form of capital investment, new vision and consider and contemplate. Hakim (1391), inspired by the division of Bourdieu's capital, as the sex capital plays an important role in the power relations at different levels of society. He believes that th More
        According to sex as a form of capital investment, new vision and consider and contemplate. Hakim (1391), inspired by the division of Bourdieu's capital, as the sex capital plays an important role in the power relations at different levels of society. He believes that this fund has 6 components and in certain cultures could be the implications of this multiple components. If you believe that literature view mirror all the nations, so stories and novels can reflect public culture, a very important and valuable role to play, thoughts, beliefs and actions of nations in each show. By accepting the principle of a reflection of the literature in this research examines the sexual components of capital in the last decade to be paid the full circulation of literature. Content analysis arrow based capital approach sexual, which determine the 47 books of fiction in the past 14 years more than 10 Edition have given to researchers and of these, based on theoretical saturation, 12 novel were randomly selected and analyzed. &nbsp;The results showed that the categories of beauty and sexual attractiveness in women and men categories of sexuality and social factors matter most. The novels are not considered components of sexual relations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        539 - بررسی موانع توسعه کسب و کارهای کشاورزی واحد های فناور مراکز رشد: مطالعه موردی مرکز رشد دانشگاه رازی
        داریوش حسینی بیژن رضایی سهراب دل انگیزان
        هدف اصلی این مقاله بررسی موانع توسعه کسب و کارهای کشاورزی است که در مرکز رشد واحدهای فناور دانشگاه رازی&nbsp; فعالیت می کنند. این تحقیق براساس هدف، کاربردی و براساس روش گردآوری داده‌ها به روش آمیخته اکتشافی می باشد. جامعه مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش در بخش کیفی، واحدهای فع More
        هدف اصلی این مقاله بررسی موانع توسعه کسب و کارهای کشاورزی است که در مرکز رشد واحدهای فناور دانشگاه رازی&nbsp; فعالیت می کنند. این تحقیق براساس هدف، کاربردی و براساس روش گردآوری داده‌ها به روش آمیخته اکتشافی می باشد. جامعه مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش در بخش کیفی، واحدهای فعال کسب و کار در حوزه کشاورزی و کارکنان مرکز رشد واحدهای فناور دانشگاه رازی و در بخش کمی متخصصین و کارشناسان این حوزه می باشند. در این پژوهش از روش نمونه گیری مبتنی بر هدف (هدفمند) در بخش کیفی و کمی استفاده شد. در بخش کیفی 10 نفر و در بخش کمی تحقیق 3 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. در بخش کیفی از مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختاریافته تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری برای جمع آوری اطلاعات و از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی برای طبقه‌بندی و تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات استفاده شده&nbsp; و در بخش کمی نیز با استفاده از تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات در بخش کیفی، پرسشنامه‌هایی تهیه و در بین متخصصین امر توزیع&nbsp; که به&nbsp; روش AHP و با استفاده از نرم افزار Expert Choice مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت . نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که کسب و کارهای کشاورزی فعال در مرکز رشد واحدهای فناور دانشگاه رازی با موانع فراوانی برای توسعه سروکار دارند که ای موانع در پتج طبقه اصلی&nbsp; مهارتی-دانش، ساختاری-قانونی، فضای کسب و کار و تولید، محدودیتهای حمایتی- تسهیلاتی، مالی و مدیریتی قابل طبقه بندی است. در میان عوامل فوق محدودیت‌های حمایتی &ndash; تسهیلاتی با اهمیت نسبی(وزن نسبی) 0.237 بالاترین اولویت را کسب کرد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        540 - روند مقالات علمی – پژوهشی حوزه آموزش کشاورزی طی 5 سال اخیر (96-1392)
        مهتاب پورآتشی
        هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل روند مقالات علمی و پژوهشی حوزه آموزش کشاورزی بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش را تمام مقالات آموزش کشاورزی که طی سال&shy;های 92 تا 96 در سه مجله علمی &ndash; پژوهشی به چاپ رسیدند، تشکیل داد (N= 198) و با استفاده از سرشماری، تمام مقالات مطالعه و بررسی شد. برا More
        هدف پژوهش حاضر، تحلیل روند مقالات علمی و پژوهشی حوزه آموزش کشاورزی بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش را تمام مقالات آموزش کشاورزی که طی سال&shy;های 92 تا 96 در سه مجله علمی &ndash; پژوهشی به چاپ رسیدند، تشکیل داد (N= 198) و با استفاده از سرشماری، تمام مقالات مطالعه و بررسی شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده&shy;ها از نرم&shy;افزارهای SPSS و EXCEL استفاده شد. یافته&shy;&shy;ها نشان داد که امتیاز مجله&shy;های مورد مطالعه طی سال&shy;های مورد بررسی افزایش یافته است که این امر نشان&shy;دهنده بهبود کیفی مجله&shy;های مورد مطالعه است. از نظر روند تعداد مقالات چاپ شده حوزه آموزش کشاورزی نسبت به دیگر حوزه&shy;ها، نتایج حاکی از آن بود که مقالات آموزش کشاورزی، به استثنای رشدی که در سال 94 داشتند؛ دارای روند کاهشی بودند. بیشترین تعداد نویسنده مربوط به مقالات با سه نویسنده بود. برطبق یافته&shy;ها: بیشترین نرم&shy;افزار مورد استفاده اس.پی.اس.اس، بیشترین روش تحقیق مورد استفاده روش کمی، بیشترین ابزار گردآوری داده&shy;ها پرسشنامه، و بیشترین منبع گردآوری دانشجو بود. همچنین، بیشترین حیطه موضوعی مربوط به کیفیت آموزش، تدریس و یادگیری بود. در نهایت و براساس یافته&shy;های به&shy;دست آمده، پیشنهاد می&shy;شود پژوهش&shy;های کاربردی و توسعه&shy;ای با درنظر گرفتن نیازهای پژوهشی بازارکار، صنعت و جامعه به انجام برسد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        541 - رفتار حفاظت زیست‌محیطی دانشجویان چگونه شکل می‌گیرد؟ تحلیل محتوای کمی
        لاله صالحی فیض الله منوری فرد
        دانشگاه‌ها دارای نقشی انکارناپذیر در تبیین و هدایت الگوهای رفتاری در جامعه هستند. از این‌رو، انتظارات از دانشگاه‌ها برای نهادینه‌سازی رفتار حفاظت زیست‌محیطی در پی افزایش فشارهای انسانی بر محیط&shy;زیست بیشتر شده است. در راستای دستیابی به این مهم، شناسایی عامل‌های اثرگذا More
        دانشگاه‌ها دارای نقشی انکارناپذیر در تبیین و هدایت الگوهای رفتاری در جامعه هستند. از این‌رو، انتظارات از دانشگاه‌ها برای نهادینه‌سازی رفتار حفاظت زیست‌محیطی در پی افزایش فشارهای انسانی بر محیط&shy;زیست بیشتر شده است. در راستای دستیابی به این مهم، شناسایی عامل‌های اثرگذار بر رفتار حفاظت زیست‌محیطی دانشجویان به عنوان مهم&shy;ترین منبع انسانی دانشگاه و جهت دهنده‌ی حرکت جامعه به سوی آینده‌ای پایدارتر، حقیقتی انکارناپذیر است. بر این پایه، هدف این پژوهش شناسایی عامل‌های اثرگذار بر رفتار حفاظت زیست‌محیطی دانشجویان بود. برای انتخاب بهترین داده‌ها و پالایش آنها با توجه به هدف پژوهش، از فلوچارت پریسما استفاده شد. به منظور پیاده‌سازی تحلیل محتوا از روش هفت مرحله‌ای سندلوسکی و باروس&nbsp; استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار NVivo10 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که عامل‌های اثرگذار بر رفتار حفاظت زیست‌محیطی دانشجویان در 13 عامل قابل شناسایی هستند که مهم&shy;ترین آنها عبارت بودند از: ارزش‌ها و هنجارها، تجربه، سرمایه‌ی اجتماعی، دانش و آگاهی، زیرساخت‌های دانشگاه، فرهنگ سازمانی، محتوای برنامه‌ی درسی، خودکارآمدی، و نگرانی درک&shy;شده. یافته‌های حاصل از تحلیل خوشه‌ای نشان داد که فرهنگ سازمانی، سایر عامل‌های اثرگذار بر رفتار حفاظت زیست‌محیطی دانشجویان را تحت تأثیر خود قرار داده است. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        542 - Designing and validating a model of human resources empowerment in order to increase the productivity of human resources in the National Iranian Gas Company
        bahador changizi mozhgan amirianzadeh moslem salehi Reza Zarei
        The purpose of this study is to design and validate the model of human resource empowerment dimensions for the productivity of the National Iranian Gas Company. In the qualitative stage with 18 experts, mainly managers and deputy human resources of the National Iranian More
        The purpose of this study is to design and validate the model of human resource empowerment dimensions for the productivity of the National Iranian Gas Company. In the qualitative stage with 18 experts, mainly managers and deputy human resources of the National Iranian Gas Company and university professors, the interviews continued until the achievement of theoretical saturation, and the sample of the quantitative section includes 337 people based on the Cochran's formula. were chosen. The sampling method was qualitative in the qualitative part and stratified in the quantitative part randomly. In the qualitative part, the analysis of the interviews was performed using the content analysis method. The validity and reliability of the components were examined and Cronbach's alpha of all the above components was 0.7 and during it; The most important basic, organizing and comprehensive themes on the components of human resources empowerment and productivity were assessed in the National Iranian Gas Company. In a small part, through structural equation method, the accuracy of the research model was confirmed and it was found that the selection of concepts, dimensions and indicators is highly accurate in the National Iranian Gas Company and can be a suitable framework for compiling an eye document. Provide the size of the National Iranian Gas Company. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        543 - Designing a talent management model in the country's electricity industry using interpretive structural modeling
        maryam hesami roohalla samiee fereydoon azma mahmoodreza mostaghimi
        The aim of this study was to design an interpretive structural model of talent management in the country's electricity industry. Therefore, this research is based on the purpose of development-applied type and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The present re More
        The aim of this study was to design an interpretive structural model of talent management in the country's electricity industry. Therefore, this research is based on the purpose of development-applied type and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The present research is based on the purpose of development-applied type and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The research team consists of 10 theoretical and experimental experts who have been selected by purposeful method and snowball technique. For this purpose, in the first step, the constituent elements of the talent management model were identified from the theoretical literature (by systematic review method) and interviews with experts (content analysis). The output of this step was to identify 36 components in the form of six main dimensions. In the next step, in order to establish the relationship and sequence between the dimensions and present their structural model, the interpretive structural modeling method was used. In this method, based on the opinions of experts and analyzes, the talent management model was calculated. The results indicate that the dimensions of talent acquisition, talent development, talent retention, talent discovery and development of internal capacities of individuals were in the first level and talent assessment were in the second level. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        544 - Presenting the organizational image influence model with the human capital approach in Iran's tourism industry
        Azadeh Felinia Davood Kia Kojouri Mohammad Javad Taghipourian
        This article aims of presenting a model of imagery with the approach of human capital in the Iranian tourism industry is aimed at presenting a pattern of imagery. This research is a developmental and descriptive-non-comprehensive type of research. In the qualitative sec More
        This article aims of presenting a model of imagery with the approach of human capital in the Iranian tourism industry is aimed at presenting a pattern of imagery. This research is a developmental and descriptive-non-comprehensive type of research. In the qualitative section, two library and field methods were used to collect data. In the first step, 25 internal and external sources were examined. The textual content analysis of these documents continued to saturation and finally 129 indicators were extracted using textual content analysis as effective factors. Using 15 academic experts in the tourism industry and with the Delphi qualitative technique, 47 were identified as the ultimate in the organizational imaging approach with the human capital approach and in 7 categories of economic, branding, brand quality, regional tourism potential, activities Advertising, job -focused visualization and macro management were incorporated. In the slightly section, with the aim of the ahead of the research; To respond to the exploratory factor analysis questionnaire, 440 experts of the tourism industry were selected as the study community and 205 questionnaires were distributed among the respondents using Cochran formula and then analyzed the research data using the Anp-Dematel technique done. The results showed that the "economic" criterion is the most influential criterion and is the top priority among the criteria. Also, the sub-criterion of "currency acquisition" was placed in the first priority among the sub-criteria. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        545 - Designing a knowledge management model in engineering organizations
        Hamidreza Yazdanjoo saber KHandan Alamdari hossein ghazanfari
        Knowledge is the most important resource of any organization. Human resources will not be able to achieve their goals without taking advantage of current knowledge and organizations will face the risk of being destroyed, therefore knowledge management will play a fundam More
        Knowledge is the most important resource of any organization. Human resources will not be able to achieve their goals without taking advantage of current knowledge and organizations will face the risk of being destroyed, therefore knowledge management will play a fundamental role in advancing the goals of the organization and their survival. The purpose of this research is to design a knowledge management model in engineering organizations. this research community was formed by managers and experts of construction engineering organizations located in Tehran as well as university professors. In this research, the opinions of 12 experts were used using the objective judgment method. The process of data analysis was carried out in two stages, which includes identifying the dimensions and components of the knowledge management model in engineering system organizations through interview tools and using thematic analysis method and theoretical validation of the research model in terms of comprehensiveness and uniqueness. coherence and integration, appropriateness, need, using questionnaire tools and sample t-tech test. The results of the research showed that the knowledge management model in the engineering system organizations has a step-by-step process and from the five stages of explaining the strategic intent and necessity of knowledge management; communicating and promoting cultural, social and technological capital; Analyzing the current needs of the organization in order to determine the best knowledge management method; Provision and implementation of knowledge management with clearly defined procedures and resources; Evaluation and continuous monitoring of the implementation of new knowledge management and reform has been formed Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        546 - Analyzing the Knowledge Structure of the Success and Failure Factors of Megaprojects
        Jafar Gheidar-Kheljani Pedram Jahedi
        10.30495/msds.2023.2000458.1177
        Megaproject is a term used to distinguish strategic projects from normal projects. The super project requires the allocation of many resources and has transformative consequences. Much research has been done to identify the success and failure factors of megaprojects. T More
        Megaproject is a term used to distinguish strategic projects from normal projects. The super project requires the allocation of many resources and has transformative consequences. Much research has been done to identify the success and failure factors of megaprojects. This research aims to analyze the knowledge structure of the success and failure factors of megaprojects. Research is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the indexed content research related to the success and failure factors of megaprojects in science websites, the judgmental sampling method, and the sample size are 3728. The method of research data analysis includes the analysis of the structure of the context and the analysis of the content structure. Contextual structure analysis includes the steps of cataloging, sorting, illustrating, and contextual data analysis, and content structure analysis includes two steps of data extraction and coding. The analysis of the texture structure confirms the upward trend of indexing, the dominant flow of introducing a country as a megaproject platform, and the greater contribution of indexing to the field of project management. Analysis of the content structure has identified 277 codes, 177 concepts, 101 subcategories, 69 categories, and 9 dimensions. These dimensions include the success and failure of megaprojects, context, domain, super project teams, super project life cycle, investment, environment, involved parties, and social factors. The theoretical dispersion in the selection of vocabulary indicates the need for convergence in the selection of vocabulary and the necessity of identifying theoretical frameworks from the indexed content related to the success and failure of megaprojects. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        547 - Content Analysis of Iranian literary books during 1950 to 1971
        Farzaneh Miandarbandi Mohsen Haji Zeanolabedini amirreza asnafi
        Objective: The aim study was to identify the topics mentioned in the letter books (private letters of prominent peoples to their spouses) and to introduce their role as a primary source of information for users.&nbsp;Methodology: Methodology of the research: The present More
        Objective: The aim study was to identify the topics mentioned in the letter books (private letters of prominent peoples to their spouses) and to introduce their role as a primary source of information for users.&nbsp;Methodology: Methodology of the research: The present research is applied research in terms of its purpose. The qualitative research method has been used which can be done through quantitative content analysis. The research population was 103 books. In this study, 6 books were selected, which was written by Jalal Al Ahmad, Simin Daneshvar, Ahmad Shamloo, Ali Shariati and Farrokh Farrokhzad, containing 859 letters. in order to for analyze the content of the letters, 23 items were selected from the ASFA culture thesaurus.Results: The results of the research indicated that according to the political conditions of those 859 private letters included various subjects. The most discussed subjects in the letters were. Politics (with frequency of 400,) literary works (with frequency of 390), and journals (with frequency of 256). The findings of this study shows that prominent peoples are not at all distant from the community.Conclusion: These individuals deal with a variety of topics in a variety of fields in their private letters, which that include various aspects of information (political, economic, social, literary, etc.), and can be very fruitful to researchers and those who are interested in this field. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        548 - Evaluating the Content of Literature Review In Research Articles In Two Fields Of Information Science And Knowledge And Sociology (2015- 2020)
        nahid shahveisi montazer Azarifar
        Objective: literature review is one of the main topics in research texts and articles, so that the compilation of research articles is done in line with the literature review and past works. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the content of the liter More
        Objective: literature review is one of the main topics in research texts and articles, so that the compilation of research articles is done in line with the literature review and past works. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the content of the literature review of research articles in the two disciplines of information science and Knowledge and sociology.Methodology: The present study was conducted by quantitative content analysis method, which has reviewed 60 research articles in the two fields of information science and Knowledge and sociology.Results: Research findings show, regarding the thematic relevance of literature reviews, the status of literature reviews Research articles are in a favorable situation, but Status of literature reviews in terms of attention to critical approach and analysis of literature reviews to better understand the subject are not in a good position. In terms of coherence and sufficient explanations of the literature review, the situation in the field of information science has been more successful than in the field of sociology. The results of Mann-Whitney test show that there is no significant difference in the cases except for the critical analysis of literature reviews.Conclusion: It seems Researchers do not pay enough attention to the content of the literature review, And only to preserve the appearance, literature reviews are given, which do not have much information load, In the event that if researchers take an in-depth look at previous studies and research, not only increases the amount of knowledge of the researcher, but also realizes the shortcomings and advantages of other research, and becomes familiar with the methods used in research, In this regard, the researcher can compile an ideal research and low defects take a step. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        549 - Identifying and Analyzing the Factors Affecting Content Marketing In The Foundation Of Public Libraries Of The Country
        hasti sohrabi seyedali asghar razavi safiyeh tahmasebi limooni atefeh zarei
        Objective: The Purpose of this study was to identify and analyzing the factors affecting content marketing in the public libraries of the country.Methodology: The research method is qualitative and exploratory. The statistical population of the study consisted of expert More
        Objective: The Purpose of this study was to identify and analyzing the factors affecting content marketing in the public libraries of the country.Methodology: The research method is qualitative and exploratory. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts who were fully acquainted with the subject of content marketing, and 17 professors from the departments of information science and knowledge, marketing management, information technology and Computer engineering and content production experts were selected by snowball sampling method Data collection tools include semi-structured interviews that are designed based on the findings of the qualitative analysis of the research. In this research, theme analysis has been used to identify the factors affecting content marketing and Delphi-fuzzy technique has been used to consensus the opinions of experts. Data were analyzed using SPSS24 and PLS3.8 software.Results: Findings obtained from theme analysis and Delphi-fuzzy technique showed that the main factors of content marketing in the public libraries of the country include 7 components of strategic planning, 6 components of content supply and production, 5 components of content distribution and publishing, 3 components content analysis, 2 components of pricing and sales were identified that among these, Content supply and production agent with impact factor of 0.931 has the most impact and in the first priority and content distribution and publishing factors with a coefficient of 0.917; Content analysis with a coefficient of 0.894; Strategic planning with a coefficient of 0.877 and pricing and sales with a coefficient of 0.642 are in the second to fifth.Conclusion: According to experts, the components of content marketing in the main components, respectively: strategic planning, content supply and production, content distribution and analysis, content analysis and pricing and sales affect content marketing. The results of the three-phase Delphi-phase study indicate the confirmation of the components discovered by the experts Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        550 - Analyzing the influence of content marketing on the dynamic capabilities of organizations (Case study: Foundation of public libraries of Iran)
        hasti sohrabi seyedali asghar razavi safiyeh tahmasebi limooni atefeh zarei
        Objective: The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of content marketing on the dynamic capabilities of organizations in public libraries of the country.Methodology: In terms of purpose, this research is applied and in terms of approac More
        Objective: The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of content marketing on the dynamic capabilities of organizations in public libraries of the country.Methodology: In terms of purpose, this research is applied and in terms of approach, it is a survey-descriptive research. The statistical population includes all managers, staff and librarians of public libraries across the country consisting of 7000 people, and using the Cochran formula and proportional stratified random sampling, 364 people were determined as the total sample size. According to the sampling error (05 0.0) and the possibility of not returning some questionnaires, 375 questionnaires were distributed, of which 366 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The tool of data collection was questionnaire made by content marketing and dynamic capabilities of Rezai organization (2015). Data were analyzed by SPSS and PLS3.8 software.&nbsp;Results: It indicates that the status of content marketing at the medium level and the organization's dynamic capabilities are also favorable. Also, the coefficient of influence of content marketing on the dynamic capabilities of organizations was calculated with 816%. Also, content marketing has had a significant impact on the dynamic capabilities of the organization in the country's public libraries.Conclusion: The dynamic capabilities of the organization in the country's public libraries can be explained under the influence of the content marketing model and the presented model has a suitable fit. So that while producing useful content related to the needs and preferences of its audience, it has created a powerful tool for gaining trust and changing the attitude of the audience towards the services provided, and by developing dynamic capabilities, they can increase their competitive advantage and As a result, their performance improves. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        551 - Assess the Relevance of the Retrieved Images by the Search Engines Yahoo, Google, PicSearch, and Flickr for optimization of the proposed model
        Tahereh Abolghasem Mosalman Esmat Momeni Mohsen Haji Zeanolabedini
        Purpose: The aim of this paper is introduction several image search engine and assess the relevance Images retrieved by yahoo, Google, Picsearch and Flickr according recall and precision. So, precede obtained result from four search engine and rate of relevance with sea More
        Purpose: The aim of this paper is introduction several image search engine and assess the relevance Images retrieved by yahoo, Google, Picsearch and Flickr according recall and precision. So, precede obtained result from four search engine and rate of relevance with search query. Methodology: Research method was survey and For the purpose of this paper, four search engines such as Google, Yahoo, Picsearch and flickr were studied directly through the method observation. The logic of words chosen was Boolean. This search was done in three steps. First, terminology had been chosen based on logic operation in the search engine being mentioned urinary search and then the results of the search with regard to the need information research and phrase search comparison and the number of corresponding pictures in the twenty first and clear at the end of the formula by using the amount of relevant the results. Findings: finding showed that search engine Yahoo with 32.235 the amount of recall and 53.75 the amount of precision, Google with 14.80 the amount of recall and 41.25 the amount of precision, Picsearch with 12.81 the amount of recall and 26.25 the amount of precision and Flickrwith 40.14 the amount of recall and 41.25 the amount of precision retrieval. Conclusion: The results evaluation revealed that Search engines retrieve different results in Precision and recall in Persian. Yahoo has the maximum amount precision in retrieved image. The study suggested a framework on how to expand the image retrieval capabilities of existing search engines based on text and context. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        552 - Iranian Students and copyright in the World Wide Web. Case Study: Students of College of Education and Psychology Faculty
        Mahshid Eltemasi
        Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the views of Iranian students about observing rights in cyberspace, especially the world of Web publishing. Methodology:The present research was a survey study. Research tools was questionnaire with nominal validity and rel More
        Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the views of Iranian students about observing rights in cyberspace, especially the world of Web publishing. Methodology:The present research was a survey study. Research tools was questionnaire with nominal validity and reliability of the study tool was done by Cronbach's alpha about 0.7. The study population was 280 samples of students of College of Psychology and Education of Tehran University that were selected by random (accessibility) method. Findings: Analyze of questionnaires showed that the sample mean about first question was 2.78 that showed poor understanding of copyright in cyberspace. While average of using web is about 3.77, and the average rate of compliance of copyrights is 2 that showed Non-compliance with copyright. Conclusion: Lack of copyright in cyberspace could be related to low information of students about copyright in cyberspace, and lack of statutory and administrative law Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        553 - Content analysis of English texts for special purpose for the students of Library and Information Science according to the approved curricula
        Nahid Banieghbal hasan razavi sadr
        Purpose:The purpose of this study is content analysis of two text books according to the curricula approved by the High Council of Cultural Revolution: &ldquo;English texts for the students of Library and Information Science&rdquo; by Ali Reza Rostami Gomeh and Hossein More
        Purpose:The purpose of this study is content analysis of two text books according to the curricula approved by the High Council of Cultural Revolution: &ldquo;English texts for the students of Library and Information Science&rdquo; by Ali Reza Rostami Gomeh and Hossein Mokhtari-Memar; and &ldquo;Using the Library and Information Terms in English Sentences&rdquo; by Hossein Mokhtari-Memar. The main purpose of the research is to compare the texts to the approved curricula and to give helpful suggestions to promote the educational level of the English texts of Library and Information Science. Methodology: To collect the data, several checklists have been used. The methodology of this research is content analysis that is one of the common methods in data analysis. Findings: Findings indicate that the above mentioned texts are able to cover 86.1% of compulsory and 13.9% of the optional course curricula. The highest coverage of the first book is related to &ldquo;Library and Librarianship&rdquo; equals to 17.3%, but the second book covers 20.2% that is related to &ldquo;Collection building 1&rdquo;. Both of these are compulsory courses. In some cases such as Library resources and services for adult neo-literates and for children and young adults (compulsory courses), the texts have no coverage. Conclusions: According to the findings, some suggestions have been given for the new editions of the English texts, such as IT, ICT topics and optional courses should be more emphasized. Attention should be paid to include original English texts instead of English sentences in the second book. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        554 - Content analysis of articles published in "Faslname-ye Ketab" and "Library and Information Science" quarterlies in 2006 and 2007
        mohsen sallak ashraf sadat bozorgi
        Purpose: This research aims at determining the subject distribution of articles published in "Faslname-ye Ketab" and "Library and Information Science" quarterlies in 2006 and 2007, the number of written and translated articles, sex of the article authors and their educa More
        Purpose: This research aims at determining the subject distribution of articles published in "Faslname-ye Ketab" and "Library and Information Science" quarterlies in 2006 and 2007, the number of written and translated articles, sex of the article authors and their educational degrees. Methodology: The journals were studied via the survey method in the form of content analysis. To collect the needed data, several checklists have been used. The descriptive statistics are used for data analysis. Findings: Totally, subjects "libraries and resource centers" and "computerized information storage and retrieval" were the highest subject tendencies, while subject "library building and equipment" was less considered in articles. Conclusion: Using chi-square (x2), it was concluded that both journals had the same performance in terms of subject coverage.&nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        555 - Content analysis of articles presented in Iranian Library and Information Science Association seminars during 2000-2006
        fereshteh sepehr samaneh shadman far
        The research investigates 47 titles of presented articles during 2000-2006 in Iranian Library and Information Science Association seminars. Using content analysis whole articles have been chosen for analysis. The subjects of articles are classified according to LISA by More
        The research investigates 47 titles of presented articles during 2000-2006 in Iranian Library and Information Science Association seminars. Using content analysis whole articles have been chosen for analysis. The subjects of articles are classified according to LISA by means of LISTA online thesauruses. The results of this research from the aspect of subject orientation, show that the subject of storage and retrieval have had greatest portion with 24%. Then subject of communication and information technology with 18% and general features of Library and Information Science with 16% are in the next rank. From the time perspective (2000-2003), also the greatest frequency of subjects is related to the first period with 44 %. Among 47 articles, 46 cases have had authorship and one of them had been translated. The portion of men has been 69% and the portion of women has been 31 %. 83% of articles have one writer, 15%, two writers and 2% have three writers. The greatest portion of the experts has PhD with 33%. Rahmatollah Fattahi is the most productive writer by presenting 4 titles. From the aspect of organizational affiliation, the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad has had the greatest portion in presenting the articles. Among provinces, Tehran has had the greatest portion in presenting the articles by 40%. The results also indicate that articles surveyed have no attention to the following subjects: book reviews, conferences, specialized libraries, archive centers, document delivery, book, non-printed material, audio-visual materials, reference services, the cataloging rules and content analysis. So, there is a need to authorize and present articles in these fields. Also, much attention to the co-working and the effort for more participation of women is needed. &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        556 - A Survey on the Library and Information Science Researches in Iran, March 2011 - March 2012
        amirhesam radfar
        Objective: study aims to make a content analysis of library and information science's literature, books and scientific articles, published in Iran from March 2011 to March 2012. Methodology: this research was done by content analysis. Using the national bibliography of More
        Objective: study aims to make a content analysis of library and information science's literature, books and scientific articles, published in Iran from March 2011 to March 2012. Methodology: this research was done by content analysis. Using the national bibliography of Iran, Khan-e Ketab database, Magiran databank and different catalogues published by specialized or public publishers, the necessary information has been collected and statistically analyzed by Spss software. Findings: &nbsp;78 published books and 247 presented articles, &ldquo;Library and Information Science&rdquo; has constituted the most focused topic among books and &ldquo;Information Technology and Communications&rdquo; formed the most frequently repeated subject among journal articles. &nbsp; Results: &nbsp;The hypothesis of the investigation was tested by independent t-test. The results showed: 69% of books and 62% of journal articles in this field are produced by men and the others by female experts.&nbsp; Also there is a meaningful difference between compiled and translated works.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        557 - Comparative Study of home pages in university libraries web sites of Asia and Iran: top ten universities based on structural and content analysis
        Mitra Ghiasi Safiyeh tahmasbi Ali Asghar Razavi
        &nbsp; Purpose: Home page is a gateway website to enter its content. Hence, the correctness of its structure is very important. In this information highway, the website of university library is very important to search general and special information. The aim of this More
        &nbsp; Purpose: Home page is a gateway website to enter its content. Hence, the correctness of its structure is very important. In this information highway, the website of university library is very important to search general and special information. The aim of this research is to analyze structural and content features of home pages (in the university libraries web site of Asia and Iran top universities. Methodology: The method of this research is survey one and its type is content analysis. It is a researcher made check list as a research tool. The population consists of the libraries web sites of ten top universities which include respectively(Tehran university, Isfahan university of medical sciences,Isfahan university of technology,Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Tehran university of medical sciences, Sharif university of technology, Fars university of medical sciences, shiraz university, Mashhad university of medical sciences and Amir Kabir university of technology ) and ten top universities in Asia (Tokyo university, national Taiwan university, Kyoto university, university of Hong Kong, university of Tsukuba in Japan, national university of change king, Kan university, the Chinese university of Hong Kong, Tsinghua university and Nagoya university. Findings: show that the structural feature of the most libraries web sites in the top universities is the same. There were three differences in content features including the introducing the libraries future programs (p=0.02), Reservation services and the attachment of library loan service. There were not considerable differences between the studied websites in content categorizing and reference to electronic resources. Conclusion: There were not structurally meaningful differences among the websites. In comparison among the Iranian websites and Asian ones, the Iranian websites are weak in search engines in the first page and the lake of &ldquo;subject union catalogue&rdquo;. Totally, the weaknesses of content were more than the structure&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        558 - Concept Interpretation, Development of Research Methods in Librarianship and Information Decimination Using Concept Interpretation
        hojjat allah hasan
        Content analysis is a methodology for studing the content to identifying specified characteristics of messages. The method of content analysis enables the researcher to large amounts of textual information and systematically identify its properties. In this methodology More
        Content analysis is a methodology for studing the content to identifying specified characteristics of messages. The method of content analysis enables the researcher to large amounts of textual information and systematically identify its properties. In this methodology two aims are predicted. 1)evaluating content capability to match the educational collection . 2)suitability of texts with mental ability . This article tries to define content analysis and introduce the ways in which researcher can provide a meaningfal reading content. Content analysis can also involve any kind of communication content analysis(speech, written text, interviews, journals, discussions, lectures, &hellip;). &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        559 - Content analysis of mathematics books of mentally retarded students
        ali farahani Ali Akbar Arjman nia Gholoamali Afrouz saeed hasanzadeh
        Purpose: The present study was carried out to analyze the functional content of primary school mathematics textbooks for mentally retarded students. Methodology: &nbsp;After extracting the conceptual pattern and constructing the checklists based on the aforementioned p More
        Purpose: The present study was carried out to analyze the functional content of primary school mathematics textbooks for mentally retarded students. Methodology: &nbsp;After extracting the conceptual pattern and constructing the checklists based on the aforementioned pattern, in the first phase of the study, the functional content of the textbooks was investigated. The 9 components of the patterns are: mathematical vocabulary, numbers, counting, numerical operations, geometrical shapes, measurement, time, money and shopping, and mathematics-related instruments. The content analysis or in other words constructing the checklists was achieved by two assessors. Findings: The results of the analysis point out there was no difference between the opinions of the two assessors in four of the textbooks and for the remaining three textbooks, the difference was insignificant. Subcategories of functional mathematics which have been presented in none of the textbooks are as following: some mathematical concepts such as direction and distance, ordinal numbers, unit of temperature in the category of measurement, time of day, some common coins and bills, vending machine and ATM in the category of money and shopping, identifying geometrical shapes in objects and natural sceneries, and also related instruments such s digital watch, telephone, calculator, thermometer, and scale. Furthermore, many issues have been superficially dealt with. Conclusion: &nbsp;The obtained results imply that in developing the mathematics textbooks for this group of students, the appropriateness of the content to the readers&rsquo; needs (the functional aspect) was not fully taken into consideration and the existing content requires much alteration and a number of additional issues and concepts. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        560 - A Study about the concept of culture and peace in children books published in Iran during 1991-2006
        zohreh mirhoseini Nayyer Targhikhah Deylmaghani
        This research aims to introduce different cultural indicators in 52 books published for Iranian children during 15 years after Islamic revolution. Among these indicators, the concept of peace is very important to establish a communication among different cultures of the More
        This research aims to introduce different cultural indicators in 52 books published for Iranian children during 15 years after Islamic revolution. Among these indicators, the concept of peace is very important to establish a communication among different cultures of the nations. So, by using content analysis method, we tried to extract the most important entries for introducing world cultural indicators. The result shows that political systems as a main entry for introducing global culture have a frequency of 139 (12%). For Iranian culture, the most important entry is cultural property (historical monuments) with 44 frequencies (14%) among 314 entries. Peace concept with only 30 frequencies among 1158 analyzed data has a little share (%025), among the other cultural indicators. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        561 - A survey on the amount of the usage of the ISO214 in the Persian abstracts of the library and information sciences post graduate dissertations in Islamic Azad university-Tehran North branch and Science & Research branch during 2001 to 2007
        Mehrdokht Vazirpour Keshmiri Maryam Sedehi
        Purpose: This research aims to compare the&nbsp; Dissertation abstracts of MLIS students in Islamic Azad university-Tehran North branch and Science and research branch with the ISO214 abstracting standard during the years 2001 to 2007. Methodology: The methodology of t More
        Purpose: This research aims to compare the&nbsp; Dissertation abstracts of MLIS students in Islamic Azad university-Tehran North branch and Science and research branch with the ISO214 abstracting standard during the years 2001 to 2007. Methodology: The methodology of the study was documentation-content analysis and applied method. For data collection, the Iso214 checklist was used . The sample population&nbsp; which is 156 out of 262 available dissertations is selected according to&nbsp; probability sampling in a classified systematic method. The collected information was analysed Based on descriptive and inferential statistics (T and F distribution test and chi-square test) by spss statistical software. Findings: findings showed that controling&nbsp; the standard abstracts writing in dissertations of both universities had an acceptable condition, in recent years, applying the standards of abstract writing is increased, the indicated rate of 14.8 %during the years, 2005 and 2006 also the rate of 53.9 %during 2007 is a good condition. The abstracts belonging to both genders are almost in the same condition from standard point of view. In terms of subject categories , most of the dissertations belong to the&nbsp; field of information technology and information communication&nbsp; with 20.5%. The highest level of meeting the Iso 214 standard was for "location of the abstract" and "use of third person pronoun" with 100 % and the least standard meeting were "keywords taken from the abstract contents" with 17.9%. Coclusions: Analyzing data of&nbsp; the research indicated that there was&nbsp; no meaningful differences between the two groups (t distribution=-./27) and two genders of writers (t distribution= -./44) according to Iso214. There was a meaningful differences between the abstract evaluation with iso214 and different years. There is also a meaningful co-relation between the level of abstract evaluations and the professor ranks according to the Iso standard (chi-square=6/12 Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        562 - An analysis of the codicological & bibliography Information of the Manuscripts Available in the document center & Central Library of ShahidBahonar University of Kerman
        Jelveh Moghimizade mojdeh salajegheh Mahmood Modaberi
        Purpose: This research Studies the Manuscripts Available in terms of their codicological&amp; bibliography. The codicological features: script, date and place of transcription, type of cover and ornamentation, also bibliography Information: language, types of manuscript More
        Purpose: This research Studies the Manuscripts Available in terms of their codicological&amp; bibliography. The codicological features: script, date and place of transcription, type of cover and ornamentation, also bibliography Information: language, types of manuscripts,subject and Similar Titles. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is descriptive with Content analysis type, research population, the number of 639 manuscripts in the document center of Shahidbahonar University of Kerman Findings: There are 1012 treatise in 639 volumes of manuscripts that 121 collection (%18.93),The more manuscripts (%60.4) in Arabic. Religious Sciences with 54 percent, the highest share was allocated to the subject. A majority of the manuscripts(26%) are related to the 13thHijri.. The transcription place of most (%87) of these manuscripts is in Iran territory. The most commonly used type of script (%44) is Naskh. The most popular type of cover(%43)used for these manuscripts is Leather binding and the most infrequent type is laqured binding.. Conclusion: The oldest manuscript belongs to the 9thHijri century. The most commonly of script is Naskh&amp;the most of cover used is Leather bindingThereligious jurisprudence is the highest share subject.. The highest Similar Titles is "Favaedolziaeie" alsothere are 22 valuable manuscript in the research population. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        563 - An Analytical Review of the Contents of Curriculum of the Literacy Movement in Tehran City
        zohreh mirhoseini aliakbar Arjmandnia
        Present paper investigates the contents of the 11 easy to read books which are presented in the continuing education programs of Literacy Movement Organization of Tehran by content analysis method. The main purpose is to show the strength and the weak points of these b More
        Present paper investigates the contents of the 11 easy to read books which are presented in the continuing education programs of Literacy Movement Organization of Tehran by content analysis method. The main purpose is to show the strength and the weak points of these books to the writers and experts of continuing education planning. The results show that the majority of these books (77%) are in coordination with the aims of continuing education programs. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        564 - A digital reference desk for academic libraries of Iran: A prototype based on content analysis of the digital reference desks of the world's academic libraries
        fatemeh nooshin fard azadeh esmaiilzadeh
        Purpose: The present study aims to provide a model for Digital reference desk of Iran university libraries. Methodology: Digital reference desk of 16 world top universities were examined by applying content analysis and after removal of matches and synonyms, a total of More
        Purpose: The present study aims to provide a model for Digital reference desk of Iran university libraries. Methodology: Digital reference desk of 16 world top universities were examined by applying content analysis and after removal of matches and synonyms, a total of 30 features were extracted which through the Delphi method, experts were consulted about them. Moreover, 13 Iranian academic libraries which had Digital reference desk were examined.&nbsp; Findings: Results showed that five main content features namely "user name, phone number, email address, user questions, questions submitted by telephone, mail, interview (verbal communication)" were observed 100 percent with the highest percentage, and two content features "fax number, username and password" with 12.5 percent had the lowest percentage. Conclusion: According to research findings, academic libraries should start in a Digital reference desk that users can benefit more from the broader library services. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        565 - Content analysis on the introducing the jobs in children's social stories and social sciences’ books 1380 to 1390
        zohreh mirhoseini zahra abazari mahsa amiri
        Purpose: The main aim of this research is to investigate situation of the jobs in children and young adults&rsquo; social stories and social science books during 1380 to 1390. Methodology: Determination of statistical population is based on: 1-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; More
        Purpose: The main aim of this research is to investigate situation of the jobs in children and young adults&rsquo; social stories and social science books during 1380 to 1390. Methodology: Determination of statistical population is based on: 1-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Social story books that are extracted from intellectual center for children and young adults reference library. 2-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Social science books that are extracted from children's book council bibliography. The number of social story books are 219 and the number of social science books are 359.Based on Morgan table, 140 social story books and 186 social science books were inspected through descriptive content analysis. For analyzing data, The standard International classification of occupations (ISCO) was used. Resulted Jobs of researched books were classified according to ISCO. Findings: Final results show that in social story books, &ldquo;expert&rdquo; group with 38.9 percent had maximum frequency and &ldquo;personnel of office affairs&rdquo; group with 4.1 percent has minimum frequency. Also in social science books, &ldquo;expert&rdquo; group with 48.2 percent had maximum frequency and &ldquo;personnel of office affairs&rdquo; and &ldquo;simple workers&rdquo; groups with 2.1 percent had minimum frequency. (Armed forces group statistic is zero in all tables.) Conclusion: This research shows that in the studied &nbsp;books, all of jobs have not been introduced. More attention on expert groups in the studied books has more frequency and for the same jobs higher education is needed.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        566 - Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis on some physiological characteristics of maize (SC704) under water deficit condition
        Ahmad Afkari
        In order to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae on some physiological characteristics of maize (SC704) under water deficit condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with three replications was conducted at the physiology laborat More
        In order to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae on some physiological characteristics of maize (SC704) under water deficit condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with three replications was conducted at the physiology laboratory of Islamic Azad University Branch Ardabili, during 2015. Studied factors were: water potential in four levels (Zero, -4, -8 and -12 MPa) and Seed pre-treatment with mycorrhizal fungus in four levels (no inoculation, Seed pre-treatment with Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus fasciculatum and Claroideoglomu etanicatum. The results showed that increasing water stress decreased chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, relative water content and increased soluble carbohydrates and proline compounds followed, The seeds were inoculated with rhizoglomus fasciculatum of increasing traits in comparison with non-inoculated, respectively. The results of the comparison of mean interactions of drought stress and mycorrhiza showed that The highest content of chlorophyll a (85.23 mg/g fresh weight), total chlorophyll (35.33 mg/g fresh weight) and leaf water content (45.8%) related to stress-free treatment and inoculated plants with rhizoglomus fasciculatum. In general, the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased the tolerance to water deficit stress through its effect on some physiological characteristics of corn. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        567 - Effect of Nanoparticles of Selenium (Nano-Se) and Rice bran Extract on Germination and Some Morphophysiological Characteristics of (Astragalus adscendens Boissier)
        Reza Dehghani Bidgoli
        In order to investigate the effect of seeds priming of Astragalus adscendens with Rice bran extract and potassium nitrate (Nano-Se) solution in the early stages of germination, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replic More
        In order to investigate the effect of seeds priming of Astragalus adscendens with Rice bran extract and potassium nitrate (Nano-Se) solution in the early stages of germination, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications conducted at the botany Lab of the Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashan, in 2017. Experimental treatments consisted of priming with Rice bran extrac solution at 4 levels (zero as control, 0. 1, 0.2 and 0.5 (percentage of weight - Volume: w/v), and Nano-Se in 4 levels (zero as control, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.1) w/v for 2 hours at 25 &deg; C. The results of the experiments showed that Rice bran extract, Nano-Se solution and interaction of treatments were significant at the 1 % level on all studied traits, including germination percentage, root length, stem length, germination coefficient, relative content of water, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content. Also, the use of rice bran extract 0.1% increased the 15%. of root length but with Increasing the concentrations of bran extract root and shoot length decreased compared to control. Also, seeds priming with rice bran extract 0.2% and Nano- Se 0.8% increased the root length 37%. The highest germination percentage, the content of chlorophyll a and b, and stem length were obtained by applying 0.11% w / v Rice bran extract solution with 0.1% w/v of Nano-Se . Also, applying these treatments alone had positive and significant effects on the studied traits. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        568 - Morpho-Physiological responses of greenhouse Grown Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Cultivars to different levels of Salt Stress
        reyhane abdoli thoghroljerdi amin baghizadeh Mehdi Rahimi
        Basil is a medicinal herb and also a vegetable. Water and soil salinity is one of the major non-living stresses that reduce the growth and productivity of agricultural products all over the world. More than 800 million hectares of land around the world are saline and al More
        Basil is a medicinal herb and also a vegetable. Water and soil salinity is one of the major non-living stresses that reduce the growth and productivity of agricultural products all over the world. More than 800 million hectares of land around the world are saline and alkaline. In this experiment, five genotypes of basil (Iranian purple, black, ablaq, green and fiery red) were used as a split plot based on a completely random design with three replications, the main factor of which is salt stress at three levels (normal, medium stress and severe stress). and sub-factor including genotype (5 levels) were studied in pots and under greenhouse conditions in the crop year of 2023 in Kerman University of Advanced Education. The results showed that all the basil cultivars had the ability to withstand the salinity stress of 75 mM sodium chloride (moderate stress) and the values of vegetative and physiological characteristics were slightly reduced compared to the control treatment in such a way that no significant difference was observed in many cases. Application of salinity stress with the intensity of 135 mM sodium chloride (severe stress) caused the vegetative and physiological characteristics of all basil cultivars to decrease significantly and also at this stress level, the fiery basil cultivar was completely destroyed. In general, it can be stated that the basil cultivars used are highly sensitive to the level of more than 75 mM of salinity stress, and under salinity conditions, their vegetative and physiological characteristics are significantly reduced. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        569 - Knowledge management from the point of view of Islam, using content analysis method with emphasis on The Holy Quran
        Vahid Bekhradi Nasab
        the spiritual vision is much more valuable and more important than the material is calculated, as well as increasing the material wealth of the spiritual wealth of influences. Considering the importance of the rule of divine values in Muslim organizations, need to be im More
        the spiritual vision is much more valuable and more important than the material is calculated, as well as increasing the material wealth of the spiritual wealth of influences. Considering the importance of the rule of divine values in Muslim organizations, need to be implemented in their own way to success in the management of their unique, which is the same human excellence achieve. In this research effort is to refer to the Quran and the teachings of the Charter of the Lord's command to look at the field of management science has been extracted. In fact, we hope that in the not too distant future, the head of its financial statements to reflect the impact of intellectual capital of the organization With respect to the God of Islamic organizations in this country, the right of the people by not providing mental resources are not wasted . The conclusions are consistent with the concepts of knowledge management and the principles of Islam and the Quran and the basic concepts of knowledge management so that we can make according to the Qur'an, Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        570 - Analysis of the political themes of the statement of the second step of the revolution
        Leila Kalij Seyed Vahid Aqili Hasan Khojastehbagherzadeh
        The statement of the second step of the revolution is concerned with various and important topics in different dimensions. One of the main ways to realize this statement and to activate political, cultural and economic institutions in this direction is to include the ma More
        The statement of the second step of the revolution is concerned with various and important topics in different dimensions. One of the main ways to realize this statement and to activate political, cultural and economic institutions in this direction is to include the main elements and the hidden and obvious requirements of the statement in the policy making, followed by the planning and action of different departments within the government. By identifying and classifying the political themes in the statement of the second step of the revolution by the method of theme analysis, this research has identified and presented the components affecting the country's political sphere in order to move in this direction. Based on this, first 40 key statements related to the political field were classified from the text of the statement, then by examining these statements, 29 basic themes were obtained, after summarizing and categorizing the basic themes into 9 organizing themes and finally 4 comprehensive themes were obtained became. The relationship between overarching themes and other themes was drawn in the form of a theme network. In the final part, 4 overarching themes of "40-year history of the revolution", "anti-arrogance", "independence and freedom" and "honor" were discussed. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        571 - Identifyingtheconceptualcomponentsoforganizationalintelligenceinlorestaneducationisaqualitativestuudy
        Azizi Fatemeh Sayedmusa khadmi Amin Rahimikia
        The aim of this study was to identify the conceptual components of organizational intelligence in Lorestan education based on qualitative research and content analysis. Content information of organizational intelligence was collected in two steps: First, the research ba More
        The aim of this study was to identify the conceptual components of organizational intelligence in Lorestan education based on qualitative research and content analysis. Content information of organizational intelligence was collected in two steps: First, the research background of existing theories about organizational intelligence was comprehensively reviewed.Then, 15 educational management experts were interviewed and their opinions about organizational intelligence were recorded. Content analysis of research background and theories identified 9 components of organizational intelligence, namely, interpersonal communication, environmental compatibility, technology system, information system, knowledge management, strategic management, leadership in the organization, individual characteristics of intelligence and financial and infrastructure facilities of the organizationFrom the content analysis of interviews with experts 18 components of effective environmental classes, interpersonal interactions, cyberspace, lifelong learning, knowledge presentation, infrastructure, central issue, economic issues, organizational culture, organizational management, organizational purposefulness, organizational belonging, organizational justice, Spiritual intelligence, member encouragement, importance of education, wisdom and research were identified. The unique finding of this study, which was seen in interviews with experts, was the spirituality that should be considered in the study of organizational intelligence in education. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        572 - Comparative study on the effect of natural rubber protein content obtained by two Kjeldahl and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods on the tensile properties of natural rubber based compound
        Masoomeh Sadeghi Mercedeh Malekzadeh saeed taghvaei Fereshteh Motiee
        10.30495/jacr.2022.1948413.2006
        Protein is one of the non elastomeric constituents in natural rubber that has important effects on its properties. In this work, a comparative study on the effect of the natural rubber protein content that was obtained by two Kjeldahl and Fourier transform infrared spec More
        Protein is one of the non elastomeric constituents in natural rubber that has important effects on its properties. In this work, a comparative study on the effect of the natural rubber protein content that was obtained by two Kjeldahl and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods considered on the tensile properties of rubber compounds and second order correlation models were obtained. These models were used to predict the tensile properties of natural rubber based compounds. The results showed that the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy method is more successful for prediction of the properties. Tensile strength and modulus 100% were predicted by less than 10% error, elongation at break and modulus 300% were also estimated by less than 25% error. This new approach makes it possible to predict the tensile properties of rubber compounds before preparing,, by consuming a small amount of natural rubber and using a fast and non destructive technique. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        573 - Developing a Model of Ethical Competencies of the Faculty Members of Physical Education Schools with a Combined Design Approach
        محمد رضا مجدالدین علیرضا زارع
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a model of moral competencies of faculty members of physical education schools. The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, qualitative More
        &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a model of moral competencies of faculty members of physical education schools. The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, qualitative case study and potential participants included 17 faculty members of physical education schools. The sampling approach was purposeful and the sampling method was key experts. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The research tools of the interview were semi-structured and the content analysis in this section, two comprehensive themes of internal and external moral competence and four themes of organizational factors and environmental factors (internal) and organizational and environmental factors (external) and ninety-eight basic themes about competencies The ethics of the faculty members of the Faculty of Physical Education of Iran was discovered. In the quantitative part, the research method was descriptive-survey and the statistical population studied is all faculty members of the faculties and groups of physical education and sports sciences of the national faculties. According to the latest statistics, there are 38 educational centers with a statistical population of 369, the number of which was calculated based on Cochran's formula of 189 people. The tool used in the quantitative section was a researcher-made scale based on a network of thematic sections. Quantitative analysis was performed by confirmatory factor analysis to determine the validity of the model. The results of the quantitative section using first- and second-order factor analysis showed that the model of moral competence of faculty members of physical education schools has structural validity. Also, environmental and organizational factors (internal and external) have a significant impact on the pattern of moral competence of faculty members of physical education schools. Therefore, due to the necessity of the model of moral competencies of the faculty members of physical education schools in Iran, it is recommended that issues related to environmental and organizational factors (internal and external) be considered by the authorities.&nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        574 - ارزشیابی کتاب درسی براساس طبقه بندی اصلاح شده بلوم: کتاب درسی زبان انگلیسی چشم انداز 2 در کانون توجه
        Maryam Mizbani Hadi Salehi Omid Tabatabaei Mohammad Reza Talebinejad
        10.30495/ttlt.2023.698908
        این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی فعالیت‌های شنیداری، گفتاری، خواندن و نوشتن کتاب درسی انگلیسی دوره دوم متوسطه ایران بر اساس نسخه اصلاح ‌شده بلوم انجام شد. این مطالعه در واقع برای تعیین سطوح شناخت در چارچوب اصلاح شده بلوم در مورد چهار فعالیت مهارت های زبانی در این کتاب درسی انج More
        این مطالعه با هدف ارزیابی فعالیت‌های شنیداری، گفتاری، خواندن و نوشتن کتاب درسی انگلیسی دوره دوم متوسطه ایران بر اساس نسخه اصلاح ‌شده بلوم انجام شد. این مطالعه در واقع برای تعیین سطوح شناخت در چارچوب اصلاح شده بلوم در مورد چهار فعالیت مهارت های زبانی در این کتاب درسی انجام شد. علاوه بر این، هدف آن بررسی نگرش معلمان و دانش‌آموزان نسبت به این گونه فعالیت‌ها از طریق پرسش‌نامه محقق-‌ساخته بود. برای هدف اول، فعالیت‌های کتاب درسی و کتاب کار بر اساس کدگذاری‌های نسخه اصلاح‌ شده بلوم، مکان‌یابی، جدول‌بندی و کد گذاری شد. سپس فرکانس و درصد کدها محاسبه شد. برای هدف دوم، 130 نفر از کاربران کتاب درسی، 30 معلم و 100 دانش‌آموز پسر و دختر دبیرستانی به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و بین آنها پرسشنامه توزیع شد. از آنها خواسته شد که در طول جلسات کلاس به صورت ناشناس به پرسشنامه ها پاسخ دهند. داده های جمع آوری شده از پرسشنامه ها به صورت دستی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج ب‌دست ‌آمده نشان داد که کدهای شناسایی‌شده عمدتاً در طبقه‌بندی بلوم تحت دسته‌های سطح پایین‌ترطبقه‌بندی می‌شوند، که نشان می‌دهد این فعالیت‌ها برای دانش‌آموزانی که فعالانه در سطوح بالاتر فرآیند تفکر درگیر هستند، سودمند نبوده است. همچنین نتیجه آزمون کای اسکوئر نشان داد که رابطه بین دو گروه کدهای سطح پایین و سطح بالا از نظر آماری معنی دار نبوده و کدهای به دست آمده الگوی منظمی را نشان نمی دهد. در مورد پاسخ به پرسشنامه ها، فعالیت ها، به ویژه فعالیت های شنیداری و گفتاری، مسئولیت زیادی برای یادگیری عمیق دانش آموزان نداشتند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        575 - تجزیه و تحلیل محتوای کتاب های درسی انگلیسی دبیرستان: تمرکز بر نیازهای زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی
        Tayyebe Sadeghi Hasanabadi Akbar Afghari Ahmadreza Lotfi
        10.30495/ttlt.2022.696795
        ارزیابی یک برنامه موجود به توسعه دهندگان مواد و معلمان در درک نیازهای محلی دانش آموزان و تصمیم گیری برای بهبود بیشتر کمک می کند. این مطالعه به دنبال ارزیابی مطلوبیت کتاب‌های درسی انگلیسی برای دانش‌آموزان ایرانی سال آخر دبیرستان است که از توصیف حقایق عینی در مورد زمینه، More
        ارزیابی یک برنامه موجود به توسعه دهندگان مواد و معلمان در درک نیازهای محلی دانش آموزان و تصمیم گیری برای بهبود بیشتر کمک می کند. این مطالعه به دنبال ارزیابی مطلوبیت کتاب‌های درسی انگلیسی برای دانش‌آموزان ایرانی سال آخر دبیرستان است که از توصیف حقایق عینی در مورد زمینه، به تحلیل ذهنی انتظارات و نیازها و سپس استنتاج ذهنی در مورد مناسب بودن زمینه بر اساس لیتل جان (Littlejohn) می‌پردازد. 2011) چارچوب ارزیابی. کمیته معلمی شامل اولین محقق پژوهش حاضر و چهار نفر از همکاران وی که تجربه تدریس زبان انگلیسی در دبیرستان ها را داشتند، برای ارزیابی ارزش آموزشی کتاب های درسی تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد که نیاز به انطباق مواد با موقعیت هدف مورد استفاده وجود دارد: چنین سازگاری باید هر دو جنبه انتشار و طراحی مواد را پوشش دهد. برخی از معیارهای نشان‌دهنده عنصر انتشار مواد (یعنی طرح فیزیکی مواد چاپی، مسیر و تداوم) با انتظارات معلمان از مطالب مطلوب در زمینه خاص مطالعه مطابقت دارند. با این حال، بسیاری از آنها یا در یک اختلاف جزئی (یعنی دسترسی، مکان مواد در مجموعه، و تقسیم بندی بخش ها به بخش های فرعی) یا اختلاف نظر جدی (یعنی تقسیم بندی مواد به عنوان یک کل). به عنوان یک مفهوم عملی، یافته ها ممکن است توسعه دهندگان کتاب های درسی را ترغیب کنند تا یک پروژه اصلاحی را با تکیه بر نتایج مطالعه حاضر راه اندازی کنند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        576 - تأثیر تمرینات غیر یکپارچه در مقابل تمرینات یکپارچه بربیشرفت نوشتار زبان آموزان زبان انگلیسی: محتوا و سازماندهی
        Nikoo Farhadian Hossein Heidari Tabrizi Ehsan Rezvani
        10.30495/ttlt.2023.705425
        مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی این موضوع انجام شد که آیا تفاوت معناداری بین تأثیر تمرینات غیر تلفیقی و تکالیف تلفیقی خواندن و نوشتن بر رشد نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی متوسطه از نظر محتوا و سازماندهی نوشته های آنها وجود دارد یا خیر. بدین منظور، 60 دانشجوی مرد و زن More
        مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی این موضوع انجام شد که آیا تفاوت معناداری بین تأثیر تمرینات غیر تلفیقی و تکالیف تلفیقی خواندن و نوشتن بر رشد نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی متوسطه از نظر محتوا و سازماندهی نوشته های آنها وجود دارد یا خیر. بدین منظور، 60 دانشجوی مرد و زن بزرگسال ایرانی در مقطع کارشناسی EFL به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به دو گروه آزمایشی و یک گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. در گروه آزمایشی اول (تلفیقی)، به گروه خواندن و نوشتن تلفیقی، یک قطعه خواندن تقریباً چهار پاراگراف همزمان با آموزش نوشتن ارائه شد. گروه دوم (غیر تلفیقی) تکالیف را با تکالیف خواندن و نوشتن به طور جداگانه در هر جلسه انجام و ارسال کردند. در مقابل، گروه کنترل از طریق روش‌های مرسوم آموزش نوشتار، آموزش‌های دارونما را در مورد مهارت‌های نوشتن و خواندن دریافت کردند. برای هدف پژوهش از تکالیف نوشتاری و روبریک نمره گذاری نوشتاری استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین تأثیر تکالیف غیر تلفیقی و تکالیف تلفیقی خواندن و نوشتن بر رشد نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی زبان انگلیسی متوسطه از نظر محتوا تفاوت معناداری وجود ندارد. با این حال، نتایج نشان داد که بین تأثیر تمرینات غیر تلفیقی و تکالیف تلفیقی خواندن و نوشتن بر توسعه نوشتاری زبان آموزان ایرانی متوسطه زبان انگلیسی در مورد سازمان تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. این یافته ها ممکن است مفاهیم نظری و آموزشی برای معلمان زبان انگلیسی، فراگیران و طراحان برنامه درسی داشته باشد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        577 - An Evaluative Case Study Of The Unicef Global Education Project In Iran
        Mehdi Mahdavinia
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        578 - An Evaluation of EFL Course Contents Used in Language Schools and Institutes in Tehran
        Alice Assadorian Mokhtar Haghnia
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        579 - مطالعه ی تطبیقی از جابجایی درترجمه های انگلیسی گلستان سعدی: مطالعه موردی ترجمه تکستون و ریهاتسک
        Niloofar Nakisaei Azadeh Nemati Samad Mirza Suzani
        10.30495/ttlt.2021.679447
        این مطالعه با هدف بررسی جابجایی در ترجمه های انگلیسی گلستان سعدی انجام شد. به این منظور از طرح روشهای مختلط استفاده شد. مطالب این پژوهش شامل 20 شعر و 20 نثر از گلستان سعدی به همراه ترجمه‌های انگلیسی آنها توسط تکستون (2008) و ریهاتسک (2010) بود. برای جمع آوری داده ها ، ا More
        این مطالعه با هدف بررسی جابجایی در ترجمه های انگلیسی گلستان سعدی انجام شد. به این منظور از طرح روشهای مختلط استفاده شد. مطالب این پژوهش شامل 20 شعر و 20 نثر از گلستان سعدی به همراه ترجمه‌های انگلیسی آنها توسط تکستون (2008) و ریهاتسک (2010) بود. برای جمع آوری داده ها ، ابتدا محقق و یک مترجم باتجربه ترجمه ها را به دقت مورد بررسی قرار دادند تا موارد جابجایی را شناسایی کنند. سپس، موارد شناسایی شده جابجایی بر اساس چارچوب ویتلسی (2012) طبقه بندی شدند. در مرحله بعد، فراوانی و درصد انواع مختلف جابجایی محاسبه شد. سرانجام ، آزمونخی دوبرای بررسی تفاوت بین این دو ترجمه از نظر جابجایی شکل و محتوا انجام شد .نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها به ترتیب 10 و 14 مورد جابجایی شکل در ترجمه هایریهاتسک وتکستونرا نشان داد. جابجایی محتوا، 30 مورد در ترجمه ریهاتسکو 26 مورد در ترجمه تکستوننیز صورت گرفته است. تکستون شکل را بیشتر از محتوا و ریهاتسک محتوا را بیشتر از شکل در ترجمه انگلیسی گلستان سعدی جابجا کرده است. دو ترجمه از لحاظ جابجایی شکل و محتوا با یکدیگر تفاوت معناداری نداشتند. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        580 - The Analysis of the Second book of Masnavi
        mohamad navid bazargan
        In Masnavi studies, often explaining the verses and subject researches have been the main concern. Masnavi consists of six books, and so far the principal thoughts on which the books are based, are not usually discussed. The author of the present article, based on his More
        In Masnavi studies, often explaining the verses and subject researches have been the main concern. Masnavi consists of six books, and so far the principal thoughts on which the books are based, are not usually discussed. The author of the present article, based on his years of teaching experience in master level, and employing qualitative content analysis method, tries to demonstrate the themes that are proposed in the 2nd book of Masnavi. This isto show the principal thoughts this book is based on. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        581 - The Mythical Themes of the Story of Good and Evil in Nizami’s Haft Paykar
        seyed ahmad Pārsā
        Most of ancient beliefs and rituals are presented in old stories and legends. The aim of present article is to study the mythical themes of "the story of good and evil" in Nizami&rsquo;s Haft Paykar and its relationship with Shahnāmeh. The relation of theme of "the stor More
        Most of ancient beliefs and rituals are presented in old stories and legends. The aim of present article is to study the mythical themes of "the story of good and evil" in Nizami&rsquo;s Haft Paykar and its relationship with Shahnāmeh. The relation of theme of "the story of good and evil" in Haft Paykar with the story of Zahhāk and Kāveh, as well as the relation of both with one of the basic beliefs of Aryans, the principle of goodness and badness which is rooted in the battle of Ahurā Mazdā and Ahriman, are studied by using descriptive, content analysis and library methods. The research shows that Nizami&rsquo;s story is influenced by the story of Zahhāk and Kāveh and in some cases it can be considered as the complement of Shahnāmeh. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        582 - Verbal Communication in Fihi Mā Fihi
        مریم صادقی
        According to Mowlānā Jalāl-oddin Rumī, speech is the pillar of existence, creator of the course of time and space, initiator of creation, and symbol of identity and behavior. He uses story and proverb for exposition of his own views to guide the audience for understandi More
        According to Mowlānā Jalāl-oddin Rumī, speech is the pillar of existence, creator of the course of time and space, initiator of creation, and symbol of identity and behavior. He uses story and proverb for exposition of his own views to guide the audience for understanding the essence of meanings and thoughts. The most important aim of verbal communication is to reach knowledge and benefit from experiences and viewpoints of others. The present article tries to look at verbal communication in Fihi Mā Fihi by using the method of qualitative content analysis. The results show that speech has ten strata and features and it can be studied from two different dimensions: semantics and praxis. We can study verbal communication in Fihi Mā Fihi with respect to capacity of audience and his/her sympathy, reassurance, aphorism, commitment, anxiety, and question and silence. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        583 - The Developmental Process of Types of Egocentrism Using Content Analysis of Children and Adolescents’ Books
        Roghyeh Balali
        The development of different types of egocentrism were analysed on the basis of piagetian theory in the books published from 1996-1998 in four different age groups. The study was conducted through content analysis of a sample of 30 book titles selected from sources avai More
        The development of different types of egocentrism were analysed on the basis of piagetian theory in the books published from 1996-1998 in four different age groups. The study was conducted through content analysis of a sample of 30 book titles selected from sources available at the Center for Intellectual Development of Children and Adolescents. Tabular and graphical representation of data were made using descriptive analysis. Results indicated: (1) In most books, specially those written by Iranian writers, different types of indirect egocentrism were portrayed, (2) Foreign writers have helped children to decentrate their egocentrism more than Iranian writers, (3) A very low level of inter-rated compatibility between judgments made by experts at the Supreme Council of Literature Research Documents could be attributed to the diverse view points of judges Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        584 - The mediating role of cognitive schemas in the relationship between family process and content with coping strategy styles
        Iran Jalali Sirus Sarvghad Siamak Samani
        In order to determine the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas as related to family process and content and strategies for coping with parent-child conflict, 400 high school students (240 females, 160 males) in Shiraz city during the academic year of 2011-201 More
        In order to determine the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas as related to family process and content and strategies for coping with parent-child conflict, 400 high school students (240 females, 160 males) in Shiraz city during the academic year of 2011-2012 were selected by multistage cluster sampling method and responded to the Organizational Conflict Inventory (ROCI-II; Rahim &amp; Magner, 1995), Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (Young, 1999) and Family Process and Content Scale (Samani, 2009). Findings revealed no meaningful relationship between cognitive schema and family content components (except other-directedness with life atmosphere and fiscal resources) and family process (except religious beliefs). Also, a meaningful relationship was found between strategies for coping with parent-child conflict and family process components (excepting religious beliefs). Goodness of Fit Index derived from path analysis revealed the confirmation of the hypothesis regarding the model of relationship between family content with strategies for coping with mother-child conflict (except dominating) and strategies for coping with father-child conflict (except integrating, dominating and accommodating). &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        585 - Content analysis of iranian psychological journals:research topics and methods
        Behrouz Mahram Effat Tavanaee Shahroudi
        This study aimed the content analysis of academic articles in psychology journals. Three hundred seventeen articles of seven scientific Iranian journals published in 2005-2007 were given randomly to 6 psychology researchers to content analysis regarding their topics and More
        This study aimed the content analysis of academic articles in psychology journals. Three hundred seventeen articles of seven scientific Iranian journals published in 2005-2007 were given randomly to 6 psychology researchers to content analysis regarding their topics and research methods. Another researcher reanalyzed 20% of the target articles randomly (interrater correlation coefficient = 0.85). Findings demonstrated that the areas of health, developmental, educational, clinical, and counseling psychology were the most frequent subjects. The most common designs were test standardization, correlational, causal-models, experimental and quasi-experimental studies. No articles about sport psychology or any articles based on qualitative methods were found.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        586 - conceptual basics of loneliness:a qualitytive study
        Susan Rahimzadeh Hamid Reza Pour Etemad Ali Asgari Mohammad Reza Hojjat
        this study was aimed to explore the conceptual components of loneliness experiences based on qualitative research and content analysis approaches among Iranian university students. To collect content information about loneliness, three steps were taken. First, the liter More
        this study was aimed to explore the conceptual components of loneliness experiences based on qualitative research and content analysis approaches among Iranian university students. To collect content information about loneliness, three steps were taken. First, the literature on loneliness and its measurements reviewed comprehensively. Second, 10 counselors (4 females, 6 males), and 10 college students (6 females, 4 males) were interviewed and their views regarding loneliness were recorded. Third, 135 college students (94 females, 41 males) completed a loneliness open-ended questionnaire. Content analysis of the literature review resulted in seven components of loneliness:emotional, social, family, romantic, friends, larger groups (group affiliation), and existential loneliness. Five components were identified from the content analysis of interviews with counselors: individual/ emotional, social/ relational, family/ relational, existential, and religious/spiritual. Four components emerged from interviews with students: individual/emotional, relational, romantic, and religious/spiritual. Three components were recognized from the openended questionnaire: individual/emotional, relational (relations with others, family, friends, larger groups), and religious/spiritual. In this study, the emergence of religious/spiritual component of loneliness was unique and suggested that this component must be included in any measurement of loneliness in Iranian samples. Based on these findings, an instrument consistent with Iranian culture can be developed for measuring loneliness.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        587 - Prediction of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Adolescents from Perception of Family’s Process and Content
        Maliheh Mirzaei Ramin Hashemi Geshnigani Shahla Pakdaman Elaheh Hejazi Moughari
        the aim of the current study was to predict internalizing and externalizing symptoms from the content and process of family among adolescence. Two hundred and ninety five students (148 females, 147 males) were selected from schools in districts 6 and 10 of Tehran by the More
        the aim of the current study was to predict internalizing and externalizing symptoms from the content and process of family among adolescence. Two hundred and ninety five students (148 females, 147 males) were selected from schools in districts 6 and 10 of Tehran by the cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Youth Self-report (YSR; Achenbach &amp; Rescorla, 2001), the Family Content Scale (SFCS; Samani, 2008) and the Family Process Scale (SFPS; Samani, 2008). The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that family content and family process significantly related to internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that the content and process of family subscales accounted for 22% and 14% variances of the internalizing symptoms and the externalizing symptoms, respectively. The findings suggested that any deficiency in family psychological conditions such as family functions and families capacities could have detrimental effects on behavior and mental health of children. It is argued that as adolescence is a special period these deficiencies may facilitate developing of behavioral problem Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        588 - A content analysis of the iran,s first grade literature textbooks
        Mohammad Noorian
        Textbooks incorporate texts, illustrations, and exercises that are devised to achieve the objectives of textbook. This research studied the interrelation of the text, illustrations, and exercises of Literature textbooks and their micro-objectives. Findings indicated tha More
        Textbooks incorporate texts, illustrations, and exercises that are devised to achieve the objectives of textbook. This research studied the interrelation of the text, illustrations, and exercises of Literature textbooks and their micro-objectives. Findings indicated that 25.7% of lesson micro-objectives were without text, 43.1% were without illustrations, and 14.7% were without exercises. Hence, half of the micro-objectives of program don&rsquo;t correspend with the theoretical model of learning reading and writing, which can cause problems in education . &nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        589 - The weaknesses of historic texts in iran
        Maryam Sadeghi givi Masoud Ahmadi
        This research is written to answer this question that: what are the important weaknesses in historic research in iran? the hypothese of research shows that the main weaknesses&nbsp; in two cases are: method in research history and the second is content. In the first cas More
        This research is written to answer this question that: what are the important weaknesses in historic research in iran? the hypothese of research shows that the main weaknesses&nbsp; in two cases are: method in research history and the second is content. In the first case the most importanr are: ambiguity in the historic research concepts, description instead of analysiy&nbsp; and the tendency to the oral sourses. In tee second case the important are: qualitative paradox in the historic texts, cultural management&nbsp; in 6 casasse that are: nationalism, no attention to historic geography. The society of this&nbsp; reseach are historic texts that are: Tabari , zen &ndash; o &ndash;akhbar , Moruj &ndash; o &ndash;zahab from Masudi, gardizi history, Alkamel o fe tarikh from ebn &ndash; e &ndash; asir , Ibn &ndash; e &ndash; khaldun&nbsp; history. beihaghi&nbsp; history, Tarikh &ndash; e -&nbsp; jahangosha &ndash; e - joveini&nbsp; and the contemporary historians&nbsp; that are: nafisi,taghi zade, vavandi,etc. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        590 - Structuralism Critique and Content Analysis of Vali-e-Dasht-e-Bayazi poems
        Latifeh Salama tbavil
        Literature can be analyzed from different views and stylistic analysis of literary works is scientific approach in criticism. In this article the poems of Vali as a poet from Vasoukht school in tenth century has been analyzed based on structuralism. In this kind of crit More
        Literature can be analyzed from different views and stylistic analysis of literary works is scientific approach in criticism. In this article the poems of Vali as a poet from Vasoukht school in tenth century has been analyzed based on structuralism. In this kind of criticism emphasizes on construction literary works and structuralism as a way in analysis. Putting up on the side lines the life of poet and author. In this research at the beginning has been pointed out the structuralism and then has been introduced poet and his poems in three levels: Phonetic , Lexical and Syntactic since recognition of poet&rsquo;s thoughts without looking themes of his poets in impossible in the following has been reviewed his poets by content analysis method. The aim of this article is the recognition of his poetic style in expression of concepts. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        591 - Identifying the motives of electronic recommendation advertising in social media and improving the organization's financial approach
        Rosha Makvandi Hossein Safarzadeh Hassan Esmaeilpour Mansoureh Aligholi
        10.30495/fed.2023.705600
        Abstract as social media has expanded ,Electronic word of mouth has gained prominence in marketing programs and strategies., in addition to increasing popularity on social media, This subject&nbsp; has&nbsp; made Electronic word of mouth&nbsp; enhance marketing communi More
        Abstract as social media has expanded ,Electronic word of mouth has gained prominence in marketing programs and strategies., in addition to increasing popularity on social media, This subject&nbsp; has&nbsp; made Electronic word of mouth&nbsp; enhance marketing communications and target market success as an undeniable part of various business activities. Efficient and effective use of such an opportunity entails identifying the motivations of Electronic word of mouth in social media, and the present study has pursued such an objective. The present study deals with qualitative paradigm and qualitative content analysis method. Therefore, the qualitative data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with professors, experts, consumers in Tehran through targeted sampling and snowballing. A total of 25 people were interviewed. The analysis of qualitative data collected by sign coding method identified 33 concepts that were classified into 7 general categories: Financial incentive, emotional, ambitious, functional, social, altruistic, and pleasure motivation.&nbsp; The validity of the research results was evaluated through peer review, paired survey and participatory research. Reliability was also tested using test-retest reliability. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        592 - Method in Hegel's Logic
        Hossein Mafi Moghaddam Ali Morad khani
        The discussion about Method in Logic is very important, because it makes clear content, aim and nature of logic. Logic like other sciences based on method and it must be determined which method is used in logic. For example in Aristotelian logic the method is deductive More
        The discussion about Method in Logic is very important, because it makes clear content, aim and nature of logic. Logic like other sciences based on method and it must be determined which method is used in logic. For example in Aristotelian logic the method is deductive one, that is, rational deduction from premises of categorical and conditional propositions. Bacon's empirical logic is based on experiment and induction. In Kant transcendental logic, the conception of method differs entirely from deduction and empirical method. In Kant&rsquo;s view, method means determination of a priori conditions of knowledge. Hegel has different concept comparing to Kant. In Hegel&rsquo;s approach, method is dynamic process in which we can determine organic structure and generation of categories. Accordingly, the method is regarded as comprehensive system that finally all multiplicity of categories will be unified, in other words, method is form containing all contents of logic. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        593 - Foundations of Reformed Epistemology and the mesure of Reid`s Influence
        Abbas Yazdani Hosein ali Nasrollahi
        Reformed epistemology as a new school in philosophy of religion, particularly in religious epistemology which criticizing classic and modern foundationalism on the criterion of rationality of religious beliefs claims that belief in God can be intelligible regardless to More
        Reformed epistemology as a new school in philosophy of religion, particularly in religious epistemology which criticizing classic and modern foundationalism on the criterion of rationality of religious beliefs claims that belief in God can be intelligible regardless to be &nbsp;successful or unsuccesful of evidence or arguments for the existence of God. It is claimed that reformed epistemologists have been significantly influenced by eighteen`s century Scottish philosopher Thomas Reid (1710-1796). The purpose of this paper is to assess this claim by considering the foundations of reformed epistemology according to Plantinga, Wolterstorff, Alston and Reid`s writings as well as writings about Reid from one side, and analyzing and comparing them on the other side. The conclusion is that reformed epistemology has been influenced by Reid in it`s &nbsp;foundations of general epistemology, but according to the religious epistemology, one can not attribute easily the main claim of this school, that is, basicality of belief in God, to Reid. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        594 - A survey on possibility of an Intelligible Relation between “Conceptual Scheme” and “Empirical Content”
        Meisam Mohammad amini
        Davidson&rsquo;s arguments against the validity of distinction between &ldquo;conceptual scheme&rdquo; and &ldquo;empirical content&rdquo;, namely &ldquo;the third dogma of empiricism&rdquo;, have caused numerous debates and several objections. Two general criticisms ar More
        Davidson&rsquo;s arguments against the validity of distinction between &ldquo;conceptual scheme&rdquo; and &ldquo;empirical content&rdquo;, namely &ldquo;the third dogma of empiricism&rdquo;, have caused numerous debates and several objections. Two general criticisms are as follows: 1. Davidson&rsquo;s arguments, contrary to his claim, do not reject &ldquo;the very idea of conceptual scheme,&rdquo; but his critics merely can be applied to Quinces&rsquo; specific interpretation of conceptual scheme. 2. All Davidson&rsquo;s arguments are based on his semantic views, accepting and denying the arguments rely on the standpoint which has been taken about his semantic theory. In this paper, after a brief description of Davidson&rsquo;s main argument and the mentioned objections, we have presented another critic implying that even if regarded Davidson&rsquo;s arguments successful, he has only shown that any attempt already made by empiricists has failed to justify the epistemic role of sensual experience. Despite of his claims, it cannot lead to providing such explanation principally is impossible. Particularly, one of the recent responses made by empiricists, at least will be kept safe from his anti-foundationalist objections. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        595 - Annual Water Yield Estimation for Different Land Uses by GIS-Based InVEST Model (Case Study: Mish-khas Catchment, Ilam Province, Iran)
        Ali Akbar Jafarzadeh Ali Mahdavi Rashid FallahShamsi Rasoul Yousefpour
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        596 - Designing a process model for Content Marketing aimed at strengthening the intention to buy customers of the retail industry focusing on social media
        shiva ghavami lahiji Vahidreza Mirabi Mahdi Bagheri Serajalddin Mohebbi
        تحقیق حاضر با هدف ارائه الگوی فرایندی بازاریابی محتوا با هدف تقویت قصد خرید مشتریان صنعت خرده فروشی با تمرکز بر رسانه‌های اجتماعی به انجام رسیده است. این تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی، و از لحاظ رویکرد پیمایشی-اکتشافی می باشد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق گروهی از خبرگان حوزه مدیر More
        تحقیق حاضر با هدف ارائه الگوی فرایندی بازاریابی محتوا با هدف تقویت قصد خرید مشتریان صنعت خرده فروشی با تمرکز بر رسانه‌های اجتماعی به انجام رسیده است. این تحقیق از لحاظ هدف کاربردی، و از لحاظ رویکرد پیمایشی-اکتشافی می باشد. جامعه آماری این تحقیق گروهی از خبرگان حوزه مدیریت بازاریابی بودند و مورد مصاحبه عمیق قرار گرفتند. این انتخاب و انجام مصاحبه، تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه یافت و پس از آن متوقف شد. در این تحقیق، از روش نمونه گیری گلوله برفی استفاده شد و این فرایند تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری محقق ادامه یافت. سرانجام این روش، مصاحبه با 9 نفر از خبرگان بود. در این تحقیق، از آنجایی که از روش تئوری داده بنیاد استفاده گردید، ابزار اصلی جمع آوری داده‌ها، مصاحبه عمیق و غیرساختار یافته با خبرگان بود. سرانجام پس از طی کدگذاری‌های سه گانه باز، محوری و انتخابی، مدل مفهومی تحقیق بر اساس مدل پارادایمی طراحی شد. کلمات کلیدی: بازاریابی محتوا، قصد خرید، رسانه‌های اجتماعی، صنعت خرده فروشی، تئوری داده بنیاد Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        597 - Presenting the model of B2B content marketing in line with the firm's competitiveness objectives
        Shahrzad Yaghtin Hossein Safarzadeh Mehdi Karimi zand
        Over recent years, business-to-business (B2B) firms have been growingly using digital content marketing to strengthen their relationships with customers. However, most companies disregard the importance of aligning the content marketing strategy with their competitivene More
        Over recent years, business-to-business (B2B) firms have been growingly using digital content marketing to strengthen their relationships with customers. However, most companies disregard the importance of aligning the content marketing strategy with their competitiveness goals. Furthermore, no previous research has been performed to provide a comprehensive framework to implement content marketing in line with the firm&rsquo;s competitiveness objectives. Hence, this research aims to theoretically contribute to content marketing literature by presenting a conceptual model for planning B2B digital content marketing strategy in line with the firm&rsquo;s competitiveness goals. For this, a conceptual review was conducted. In light of our findings from this review, effective factors for implementing successful B2B content marketing were identified. Then, the main pillars of B2B content marketing in line with the firms&rsquo; competitiveness goals were extracted. Next, the conceptual model of the research was presented. Finally, the relationships between identified variables of the model were tested using the Partial Least Squares method in Smart PLS. Based on our findings, we argue that in order to implement effective digital content marketing in B2B contexts, it is essential to deploy an integrated approach that considers customers&rsquo; needs as well as the competitiveness goals of the firm. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        598 - The Impact of Social Media Content on Brand Equity based on Firm Generated Content and User Generated Content.
        Amirshayan Ghazanfari Abbas Saghaei Kambiz Heidarzadeh
        The aim of this study was to investigate "the effect of social media content on brand equity by Firm Generated Content and User-Generated Content". We studied seven Iranian clothing brands and eight International clothing brands that had physical representation and at l More
        The aim of this study was to investigate "the effect of social media content on brand equity by Firm Generated Content and User-Generated Content". We studied seven Iranian clothing brands and eight International clothing brands that had physical representation and at least 10,000 followers in Instagram. The research method was survey and information was collected by a questionnaire from 230 people; and the total reliability of the questionnaire was 0.95. Data analysis was performed by structural equation method and the findings show that the Firm Generated Content in social media has a direct and significant effect on brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality and brand loyalty. The greatest impact of Firm Generated Content is on brand equity through brand loyalty. User Generated Content also has a positive and significant effect on brand association and brand loyalty. The greatest impact of User Generated Content is on brand equity through brand loyalty. The results show that the Firm Generated Content and User Generated Content affect on brand equity on the social media. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        599 - Designing a succession management model in public universities in Semnan province
        yasaman modaresi Mirali Sayyednaghavi
        Leading research was conducted with the aim of systematic study and presenting a comprehensive model of theoretical models and research conducted in the field of succession breeding and using the opinions of experts. The statistical population of this study is the manag More
        Leading research was conducted with the aim of systematic study and presenting a comprehensive model of theoretical models and research conducted in the field of succession breeding and using the opinions of experts. The statistical population of this study is the managers, professors and staff of public universities in Semnan province. The interview lasted until the saturation of 13 people. Also, 58 sources were purposefully selected from 75 reviewed articles. In this article, the themes and management model of succession breeding have been developed using the content analysis method. The results of this study show that succession management can be in the context of prerequisite measures (with three organizing themes and fourteen basic themes), context and contextual factors (with two organizing themes and twelve). Summarized the basic theme) and succession-management management planning (with seven organizing themes and twenty-one basic themes). The most important theme, considering the inclusion of the highest number of codes, was the theme of succession management management planning, and then the context theme and background factors of succession management, and finally the theme of prerequisite management management measures. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        600 - آزمون "الگوی کاربردی توسعه پایدار اخلاق حرفه‌ای حسابداری" با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تائیدی
        محمد نمازی حسین رجب دری
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        601 - The Information Content of Comprehensive Income and Other Alternative Income
        Mohammad ‌Ali Aghaei Rahman Sajadpour
        Because the knowledge of all aspects of financial performance for the economic decisions of users of financial needs, it is necessary to identify all revenues and expenses during the period be considered. For this purpose, the committee drafted new guidelines for accoun More
        Because the knowledge of all aspects of financial performance for the economic decisions of users of financial needs, it is necessary to identify all revenues and expenses during the period be considered. For this purpose, the committee drafted new guidelines for accounting and audit report to the profit and loss reports for comprehensive profit binding in all units. In this paper, the information content of net income, comprehensive income and of the alternative candidates profit in the Tehran Stock Exchange. According to Standard No. 6, comprehensive income consists of net income(NI), Adjustment for foreign currency translation(FCT), Adjustment for unrealized gains/ losses on securities) and Annual adjustments(AA). Expected to report comprehensive income classified intelligence reports, financial times increase. If classified information is expected to increase its financial information. Due to the homogeneity of variables accounting, content relative to comprehensive income and Alternative candidate for income with Companies listed on stock exchange Tehran data over the years 2001-2010 Using multiple linear regression and the Wald test were studied. The results show that comprehensive income(Standard No. 6) for the explanatory power is stronger, and among income alternative candidates' net income plus FCT and AA has the highest content. This result with the research evidence Biddle and Choi(2006) in America, and Kiridaran Kanagaretnam(2009) in Canada is similar. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        602 - User Classification in a Personalized Recommender System using Learning Automata
        Mansoureh Ghiasabadi Farahani Akbar Torkestani Mohsen Rahmani
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        603 - Study and analysis of socio-cultural themes based on the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah
        Seyedeh Nasrin Mosavi mohamadreza shadmanamen
        10.30495/jscc.2022.692245
        The purpose of this study is to study and analyze socio-cultural themes based on the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah during the last fifteen years (from 2001 to 2016). In this research, the author seeks to ask how much the authors pay attention to socio-cultural themes an More
        The purpose of this study is to study and analyze socio-cultural themes based on the teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah during the last fifteen years (from 2001 to 2016). In this research, the author seeks to ask how much the authors pay attention to socio-cultural themes and which concepts in the socio-cultural field they pay more attention to. The articles written in this regard were identified, retrieved and classified based on the list of Persian articles and the bibliography of Nahj al-Balaghah. Then, using a qualitative method of content analysis, the concepts and social teachings of Nahj al-Balaghah were extracted from the articles and after statistical inference of the concepts, analytical findings were presented.Findings indicate that among the extracted concepts, the concepts of justice, governance, democracy and tolerance, rightism, social criticism and glory of the people, as the most important socio-cultural themes of Nahj al-Balagheh have been considered by the authors in this period when quantitative and qualitative reasons. Attention to this concept has been provided. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        604 - SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF LYING AMONG COUPLES IN TEHRAN
        SOMAYEH GHASEMI HASSAN MOHADDESI
        The present study aimed to investigate sociological aspect of lying among couples (legal marriage and permanent marriage) in Tehran. For this aim, qualitative method as well as content analysis by detailed interview were used. The statistical population of research cons More
        The present study aimed to investigate sociological aspect of lying among couples (legal marriage and permanent marriage) in Tehran. For this aim, qualitative method as well as content analysis by detailed interview were used. The statistical population of research consisted all couples with legal marriage in Tehran. Purposive sampling was used to interview with 20couples (10male and 10female) who hold permanent marriage. After doing 17interview, target comments were perceived but for making sure, researcher continued interview with 20couples.Collecting and analyzing data were done by the qualitative method and analyzing content with six stages as follow: initial coding, searching and recognizing content, designing of content network, analyzing of content , and writing report. Findings obtained from interviews showed that factors such as feeling of insecurity, economic dependence on wife, patriarchal relationship, gaining satisfaction and making wife happy, concealment in marriage, and lack of understanding and lack of trust to each other may create lying phenomenon among couples. Given to that rate of lying is so high which its main reason is complete relationship with all aspects between wife and husband so there is a great gap between the ideal picture of a family/ spouse relationship and the real world of couple relationship. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        605 - Representation of ethnic identity in ethnic media (Case study: Azerbaijan of Iran)
        yavar eivazi seifolah seifollahi bagher saroukhani
        Today, ethnic issues have become an unresolved issue. An important part of this inefficiency is how to manage ethnicity, which is also inspired by ethnic studies. The present study aims to provide a realistic picture of the ethnical changes in the Ethnographic Field of More
        Today, ethnic issues have become an unresolved issue. An important part of this inefficiency is how to manage ethnicity, which is also inspired by ethnic studies. The present study aims to provide a realistic picture of the ethnical changes in the Ethnographic Field of Azerbaijan in Iran. It tries to answer the question of whether ethnic identity follows a Single pattern or multiple? For this reason, with the representation approach, common ethnic discourses have been studied. The method used in this research is qualitative content analysis of the conventional type and the tool of data collection is semi-standard questionnaire. The statistical society of ethnic media and sampling method are "theoretical". Research findings show that there are a variety of ethnic identities in the Azerbaijani region. Identity inversion, Territorial Iranianism, Universalism, Legal Ethnocentrism, Liberal Democratic Revolution, Ethnic Federalism, Independence, Accessionism and Turanism are the most important ethnic discourses. Which are disseminated by ethnic media. Such a fact requires a serious overhaul of tools for measuring ethnocentrism; something that is ignored by the similarity of ethnicity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        606 - Investigating the role of media and content management in reducing the audience of Radio Gilan
        Fardin Alikhah Abdoreza Fadaei Forghan
        The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of media management and content in reducing the audience of Radio Gilan. According to the Gilan Center Broadcasting Unit, the audience of Gilan Radio in 1988 was about 20%, which is a significant decrease compared to 81 More
        The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of media management and content in reducing the audience of Radio Gilan. According to the Gilan Center Broadcasting Unit, the audience of Gilan Radio in 1988 was about 20%, which is a significant decrease compared to 81 to 85 years. The method used to identify the reasons, in other words, to answer the central questions of the research, has been a qualitative method. Also, among the techniques in the qualitative method, the technique of expert interviews was used. The sample population was several experts, capable and veterans of Radio Gilan. The reporter was also considered because of the sensitivity of these jobs and their impact on the optimal transmission of the message or vice versa. The focal findings of this study confirm that experts, among other factors, have considered the type of radio unit management to be effective in reducing the audience. In later stages, the role of program producers was highlighted, and experts argued that content or messages were not produced by themselves and that producers influenced the content. From these surface experts, the quality and characteristics of the produced message have been evaluated as effective in reducing the radio audience. Most of the interviewees argued that due to the lack of proper message management, directing the forces on the one hand and sending the desired message on the other hand, they think that the accuracy in attracting the best employees in the production sector, especially with emphasis on expertise , And selecting managers based on media management criteria can be a good way to increase radio audience. As for reflection on keywords, Pringle and Starr consider media management to include "planning, organizing, resource mobilization, directing, and control tasks, and summarize media manager's skills in three skills: technical, human, and perceptual." "The most obvious and accessible evidence of mass media activity is the works that are produced and broadcast in that medium," McQuail said of the content. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        607 - Entrepreneurship Strategic Analysis of Fintech in Banking scope
        Maryam Mashhadiabdol Davood Samari ebrahim abbasi Majid Ashrafi
        One of the emerging phenomena in the world is the emergence of Fintech in banking. This has threatened governments' control over money and has made it easier to transfer money around the world. Technology development and social change affect customer behavior and lead t More
        One of the emerging phenomena in the world is the emergence of Fintech in banking. This has threatened governments' control over money and has made it easier to transfer money around the world. Technology development and social change affect customer behavior and lead to change in customer relationship management. The purpose of this research is to study what Fintech developments in Iran and content analysis are trying to do in terms of what Iran has done in the field of banking and in which financial areas it will be able to start a new business. Some in the financial services industry see Fintech's progress as a threat to the traditional banking industry, and some believe Fintech is a challenge that can be turned into an opportunity. The research method in this paper is grounded theory which was first analyzed using library study and interviews with government officials in the field of banking and the key points were extracted. Therefore, in order to collect additional information for content analysis, a questionnaire was used using keywords. At the output of the questionnaire, the frequency of keywords and their importance coefficients were extracted. Finally, the weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities in entrepreneurship and innovation were extracted. The results are listed in the SWOT strategy table, which outline the strengths of the strategies to address the weaknesses and, using opportunities, provide strategies to turn the threats into opportunities. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        608 - Content Analysis of Investment Efficiency Measurement Methods (In Internal Research)
        Amir Dolatkhah Sayed Ali Vaez Mehdi Basirat
        10.30495/jdaa.2023.698890
        AbstractThe researchers obtain deep insight into research by studying the literature on the subject. However, time and resources limit the scope of the study. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate and analyze the quantitative and qualitative content of met More
        AbstractThe researchers obtain deep insight into research by studying the literature on the subject. However, time and resources limit the scope of the study. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate and analyze the quantitative and qualitative content of methods of measuring investment efficiency. The statistical sample includes all articles published from the years 2009 to 2020 on the investment efficiency topic in the "www.sid.ir". The results showed that, IN 72 articles, 26 models have been modeled using 30 variables (in 121 repetitions). 55.6 percent (40 articles) have used models based on sales growth 15 articles (20.8 percent) have used QTOBIN. Also, 35 articles (48.61%) are without the use control variable. The dominant method is to use the univariate model of sales growth with a share of 32% (23 articles) of all articles. Because the results of data-based research are highly sensitive to variable selection and data quality, the results obtained from models based on sales growth and QTOBIN may be affected by factors such as inflation, the book value of assets, and weak market efficiency. Researchers should determine effective factors that are likely to lead to measurement error before choosing the variables of the research model. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        609 - Investigating the Effect of Accounting Personnel Quality on Audit Fees and Content of Audit Report
        Fariba Maleki Masoumeh Alavi
        10.30495/jdaa.2023.698891
        AbstractConsidering that today accounting information systems have played a very important role in the workflow of organizations and in the economic environment of countries, have an important role to play, so the validation of this information can increase its reliabil More
        AbstractConsidering that today accounting information systems have played a very important role in the workflow of organizations and in the economic environment of countries, have an important role to play, so the validation of this information can increase its reliability. Employees play a very important role in the activities of the company and can lead to the improvement of accounting processes with their positive role in information reliability. Therefore, in this study, The effect of Accounting Personnel Quality on audit fees and content of audit report in accepted companies Tehran Stock Exchange has been paid. In this study, 118 companies in the period 2013-2019 have been studied. To test the hypotheses, panel and logistic regression model was used. The research findings show that the quality of accounting staff has a significant negative effect on audit fees and the number of clauses after commenting and a significant positive effect on the type of comment (towards acceptable comment). Finally, the quality of accounting staff does not have a significant effect on the number of condition clauses. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        610 - Examining the Building Blocks of Good Corporate Governance as an Interdisciplinary Category
        ghazale nazari aref Behzad Farrokhseresht Ghorbanali Aghaahmadi Saeed Eslami
        Good corporate governance as a model of sustainable human resource development with actors from all three sectors of government, private and civil society, has a special place in many recent scientific theories about the concept of governance. Nevertheless, despite the More
        Good corporate governance as a model of sustainable human resource development with actors from all three sectors of government, private and civil society, has a special place in many recent scientific theories about the concept of governance. Nevertheless, despite the importance and position of the concept of good corporate governance, the theoretical gap in this area is obvious. One reason for this is perhaps the complexity of dealing with it as an interdisciplinary category. To address this gap and with an interdisciplinary perspective, the present study uses the qualitative method of content analysis to explore the constituent elements of good corporate governance. The results of this study eventually led to the identification of eight main themes and twenty-three sub-themes: 1. Sovereign consciousness, 2. Organizational culture, 3. Disclosure of information, 4. Responsiveness, 5. A network of relationships, 6. Board size, 7. Justice and fairness and 8. Ownership structure.The key building blocks of corporate governance are well known. The results of this research provide the necessary theoretical foundations to address good corporate governance and its evaluation Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        611 - Content Analysis of Secondary School Grade Three Profession and Technique Textbook according to Entrepreneurial Components
        Fareba Jahanshahi , Mohammad Ghafari Mejlej Nowruz Naiji
        Educational system is significant bedrock for development and growth of entrepreneurial skills in individuals of every society. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the content of secondary school profession and technique textbooks according to indexes of ent More
        Educational system is significant bedrock for development and growth of entrepreneurial skills in individuals of every society. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the content of secondary school profession and technique textbooks according to indexes of entrepreneurship. The method of the study was descriptive of content analysis type. The population consisted of content of secondary school grade three textbook in the educational year 2012-2013 in 193 pages. A content analysis checklist was utilized in the study including five major entrepreneurial indexes namely, creativity, progress motivation, risk-taking, responsibility, and tolerance of ambiguity. To secure the reliability and validity of the instrument, opinions of experts at curriculum development and entrepreneurship were used. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Frequency and percentages were calculated by using entropy shanon to weigh the variables. Additionally, analysis of the data at to levels of descriptive and inferential statistics (including Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions) indicated that the research variables had positive effects. Results showed that the highest frequency in the textbook belongs to creativity and innovation and the lowest one was related to tolerance of ambiguity. According to the obtained results it is suggested that book designers pay attention to components of entrepreneurship and modify their frequencies. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        612 - What is the Concept of Self-sacrifice from the Perspective of the Qur'an and how to Teach it with Emphasis on Educational Goals and Content
        farzaneh alizadeh Maasomeh Alsadat Hosseini Mirsafi , MR. Shirazi
        The concept of self-sacrifice is one of the highest effective and motivating moral values able to affect the atmosphere of a society widely and guarantee the permanence and consistency of human societies. However, while there is no serious dispute about the necessity an More
        The concept of self-sacrifice is one of the highest effective and motivating moral values able to affect the atmosphere of a society widely and guarantee the permanence and consistency of human societies. However, while there is no serious dispute about the necessity and importance of the concept of self-sacrifice, there is disagreement about what it is and its operational meaning. In response to this situation, this article intends to explain the concept of the moral value of self-sacrifice based on the verses of the Qur'an, to suggest goals and educational content related to this concept. The research methods used in this article are descriptive semantics and content analysis. The results of the research show that self-sacrifice is a central social moral value and it's most important pillars are relationship and relationship with another. According to these two dimensions, self-sacrifice is a special form of a person's relationship with another person in which the person prioritizes the needs and desires of the others. From an educational point of view, in order to institutionalize the value of self-sacrifice in learners, it is desirable to use a competency-based goal setting model and an integrated approach in content development. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        613 - Content Analysis of Persian Reading and Writing Books in Grade Two of Elementary School Regarding their Attention to Components of Critical Thinking
        Hossein Aflakifard Amin Amiri
        Textbooks are one of the most important learning factors. The purpose of the current research was to analyze the content of Persian reading and writing books of the second grade elementary school in terms of paying attention to the components of critical thinking skills More
        Textbooks are one of the most important learning factors. The purpose of the current research was to analyze the content of Persian reading and writing books of the second grade elementary school in terms of paying attention to the components of critical thinking skills. To achieve this goal, first the components; Inference, inference, evaluation of evidence and reasons, recognition of presuppositions, and interpretation were determined as components of critical thinking based on reviews of related articles, studies and Lipman's critical thinking model. For each component, some examples were also identified. The method was analytical-descriptive and content analysis. The statistical population is the Persian reading and writing books of the second grade of elementary school. the sample size of which was considered equal to the statistical population. Data collection tools were developed by the researcher in the document delivery stage, the form of receipt and in the content analysis stage, the content delivery verification form. The unit of analysis of this study is the page (text, exercises and images). Descriptive statistics indexes were used to analyze the data. Content analysis of Persian reading and writing books showed that among the components of critical thinking skills; The component of inference, interpretation, and interpretation had the highest frequency compared to other components in the reading and writing books of the second grade elementary school. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        614 - Examining the degree of attention to components of Intergenerational Education in elementary school social studies books
        Hossein Aflakifard
        The intergenerational position expresses the social position of one generation, which makes it different from the people of another generation. In other words, historical experiences, inventions, tremendous developments and issues of this kind that occur in the life of More
        The intergenerational position expresses the social position of one generation, which makes it different from the people of another generation. In other words, historical experiences, inventions, tremendous developments and issues of this kind that occur in the life of a generation form a distinctive mentality within that generation, which is not necessarily compatible with that of the generations before and after it. The goal of the present study is to explain the intergenerational education in Iranian elementary curriculum. The method of this research is descriptive and content analysis type. The researcher has used the content analysis method based on attention to content indicators. The statistical population of this research included all elementary education textbooks. The sample size was selected using the purposeful sampling method of social studies books (third, fourth, fifth and sixth grades). The Shannon entropy was utilized to analyze the data. The findings indicated that among the ten indices used to analyze the content of the social studies book, the highest importance coefficient (0.1799) and informational load (1.327) were attributed to family values as the first priority, while social values received the second priority with an importance coefficient of 0.17069 and an informational load of 1.259. Economic values, artistic values, values of internationalization, national values, scientific values, religious values, political valuesand individual values were ranked from third to tenth positions respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        615 - Effect of seed priming and foliar application of selenium on physiological traits and Stink bug injury percentage of rainfed wheat Azar 2 cultivar
        Nourali Sajedi
        In order to study the effect of seed priming by selenium and foliar application on physiological charactristics and Stink bug injury percentage of Rainfed wheat, a one year field experiment was carried based on complete randomized block design with three replicates at t More
        In order to study the effect of seed priming by selenium and foliar application on physiological charactristics and Stink bug injury percentage of Rainfed wheat, a one year field experiment was carried based on complete randomized block design with three replicates at the Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, in Iran during 2014. Twelve treatments were including control, seed priming with distilled water, priming with rates of 1, 2 and 3 mg/L Se alone; and along with spray of distilled water and Se (Sodum Selenite). The results showed that seed priming along with foliar application of distilled water, seed priming with distilled water plus foliar application of Se, seed priming with 3 mg/L Se along with foliar application of Se, increased the relative water content compared with the control. Seed priming with distilled water, foliar application of Se and seed priming with 2 mg/L Se, plus spray of Se decreased electrolyte leakage compared to the control. Foliar application of Se alone and seed priming with 1 mg/L Se plus spray of Se increased Chl a by 31.4 and 24.2 % compared to the control, respectively. Seed priming plus spray of Se decreased the Stink bug injury, significantly. The maximum seed yield was recorded for seed priming with 2 mg/L Se plus foliar application of Se. The results suggest that seed priming with distilled water and espicial Se at low amounts along with spray of Se can decrease electrolyte leakage and Stink bug injury percentage under rainfed condition. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        616 - Evaluation of effects of different Urea top-dressing methods and foliar application of selenium on wheat under rain fed condition
        Mohammad Konani Nourali Sajedi
        This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of foliar application of selenium and different Urea top-dressing methods on agronomic and physiological characteristics of rain fed wheat sardari cultivar during the growing season 2012-2013. Experimental factors w More
        This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of foliar application of selenium and different Urea top-dressing methods on agronomic and physiological characteristics of rain fed wheat sardari cultivar during the growing season 2012-2013. Experimental factors were four levels of different Urea top-dressing methods (without application of Urea top-dressing; application of 60 kg/ha in tillering stage; application of 30 kg/ha in tillering stage combined with 200 mg/Lit before spike emergence; application of 20 kg/ha in tillering stage combined with 200 mg/Lit before spike emergence and 200 mg/Lit in the last spike emergence stage) and three levels of selenium (0, 5 and 10 mg/Lit). The results showed that the foliar application of selenium at 5 and 10 mg/lit decreased cell ion leakage by 6.7% and 5.3% compared to control, respectively. The application of 20 kg Urea/ha in the tillering stage combined with twice foliar application in reproductive stage at 200 mg/Lit along with foliar application of 10 mg/Lit selenium increased grain yield by 44.3% compared to the control and 12% compared to treatment of application 60 kg Urea/ha in the tillering stage. It could be concluded that by applying of 30 kg Urea/ha in the tillering stage combined with once foliar application in reproductive stage can be decreased by 50% Urea fertilizer application and obtain optimum yield. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        617 - Response of morphophysiological of maize to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Zinc fertilizer and irrigation interval
        Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi
        In order to study of water deficit stress and application of Zinc fertilizer and two strains of rhizobacteria including Pseudomonas putida (Sp) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) on morphophysiological traits and seed yield of maize, a expriment was carried out as a split More
        In order to study of water deficit stress and application of Zinc fertilizer and two strains of rhizobacteria including Pseudomonas putida (Sp) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) on morphophysiological traits and seed yield of maize, a expriment was carried out as a split plot-factorial design based on randomized compelate block with three replications at Mahvalat Razavi Khorasan provience, Iran in 2012.Irrigation intervals of 6, 9 and 12 days were as main plots and rhizobacteria (non inoculation, Sp and Sf) and Zinc fertilizer (0 and 50 kg Zinc sulphate ha-1) were as sub plots. Plant height, stem diameter, ear diameter and length, leaf rolling index, relative water content and seed yield were evaluated in this expriment. The results indicated that water deficit stress decreased significantly all mentioned above traits. Also PGPR inoculation increased all traits with except to leaf rolling index. Zinc sulphate application significantly increased plant height, ear length and seed yield. As irrigation interval increased from 6 to 12 days, leaf rolling index increased 3.2 times and seed yield decreased 57.3%, but zinc sulphate and Pseudomonas bacteria application significantly decreased leaf rolling index and significantly increased seed yield. Seed yield significantly affected by double interaction. In conclusion zinc sulphate application and seed inoculation by Pseudomonas can be recommended for maize cultivation, espically in semi-arid and arid conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        618 - Effect of seeding rate and nitrogen levels on agronomic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of barley cultivar (MB-82-12)
        O. Satari M. Mirzakhani A. Hashemi
        The barley is one of the most important of cereal plants. This plant tolerance to drought and salinity is relatively good. In order to study the effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels on agronomic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of barley cultivar, this stu More
        The barley is one of the most important of cereal plants. This plant tolerance to drought and salinity is relatively good. In order to study the effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels on agronomic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of barley cultivar, this study was carried out in Aran and Bidgol region in 2014. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Seed rate treatment (S1= 150, S2= 225, S3= 300 kg ha-1) and nitrogen levels treatment (N1= 0, N2= 75, N3= 150 kg ha-1), were assigned in plots. Each sub plot consisted of 6 row, 5 m long with 50 cm between rows space and 5 cm between plants on the rows was used. In this study characteristics such as: Plant height, number of fertile tiller, 1000 grain weight, number of grain per spike, grain yield, harvest index, protein percent, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen appear recovery and amount of nitrogen absorbted were assessed. Results indicated that the interactin effect of seed rate and nitrogen levels treatment on the characteristics such as: nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen appear recovery was significant. The maximum and minimum of nitrogen appear recovery with average (0.44 and 0.14 %) were obtained by the treatment (150 kg ha-1 of seed + 75 kg ha-1 of nitrogen application) and (300 kg ha-1 of seed + 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen application), respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        619 - Effect of different irrigation regimes, plastic mulch and anti-transpiration materials on some physiological attributes and grain yield of rainbow corn
        Davoud Adelian Hooshang Farajee Amin Salehi Ali Moradi
        به‌ منظور بررسی اثر خاکپوشه پلاستیک و مواد ضد تعرق کائولین و آترازین تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه ذرت رنگین، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در منطقه برازجان، استان بوشهر در دو سال 1396-1395 اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح More
        به‌ منظور بررسی اثر خاکپوشه پلاستیک و مواد ضد تعرق کائولین و آترازین تحت تاثیر سطوح مختلف آبیاری بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه ذرت رنگین، آزمایشی مزرعه‌ای در منطقه برازجان، استان بوشهر در دو سال 1396-1395 اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت اسپلیت پلات بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی آزمایش شامل آبیاری در سه سطح، شامل: 1) 25 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی آب قابل استفاده خاک؛ 2) 40 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی آب قابل استفاده خاک و 3) 60 درصد تخلیه رطوبتی آب قابل استفاده خاک و عامل‌ فرعی در دو سطح شامل خاکپوشه پلاستیک و بدون خاکپوشه و عامل‌ فرعی فرعی در سه سطح شامل مواد ضد تعرق کائولین، آترازین و شاهد بدون مصرف ماده ضد تعرق بودند. نتایج نشان داد که برهمکنش سطوح مختلف آبیاری، مواد ضد تعرق بر نسبت Fv/Fm و برهمکنش خاکپوشه پلاستیک و مواد ضد تعرق بر میزان قند محلول برگ معنی‌دار گردید. در سطح آبیاری 60 درصد تخلیه مجاز رطوبتی، بیشترین نسبت Fv/Fm (578/0) در تیمار آترازین و کمترین مقدار آن (468/0) در تیمار کائولین بدست آمد. در شرایطی که میزان رطوبت خاک محدود است، استفاده از خاکپوشه پلاستیک و آترازین جهت حصول حداکثر عملکرد کیفی و کمی قابل توصیه می‌باشد. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        620 - Effect of different irrigation levels on morphological and physiological features of SPORT grass-seed mixture
        Amin Samiei Mohsen Kafi Mohammadmahdi Jowkar Arezo Shaghaghi
        Water resource management is one of the major challenges in lawn management. Considering the fact that Iran is located in a dry and semiarid area, lawn water demand and resource management is very crucial. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of irrigation levels More
        Water resource management is one of the major challenges in lawn management. Considering the fact that Iran is located in a dry and semiarid area, lawn water demand and resource management is very crucial. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of irrigation levels on some growth traits of turf sport mixture was studied. Irrigation treatments consisted of 50, 75 and 100 % of field capacity with one-day interval watering frequency which were applied when the plants were stablished. Morphological and physiological traits were measured at weeks two, four and six after applied levels of irrigation. Results showed that as the amount of watering decreased, turf longitudinal growth, dry matter, visual quality, relative water content and leaf phosphor content declined. This was while cell electrolyte leakage increased. However, at 75 % of field capacity irrigation level, leaf total chlorophyll and potassium content was more than 100% of field capacity irrigated plants. Based on the obtained results, there was no significant difference between two levels of 100 and 75% of field capacity irrigation levels for all measured traits. This was while both irrigation levels were significantly better than 50% of field capacity. Generally, the results indicated that reducing irrigation by one-fourth of field capacity maintains the quality and quality of &ldquo;Sport&rdquo; mixture grass in normal conditions and at the same time, greatly reduces the amount of consumed water for irrigation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        621 - Effect of Spermidine foliar applciaiton on biochemical properties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under drought stress
        Mohsen Farzaneh Mozhgan Ghanbari Vahid Abdossi
        Spermidine effect on biochemical properties consisted of activity of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, relative water content, soluble sugar, and electrolyte leakages in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was investigated. An experiment was conducted based on CRD with three More
        Spermidine effect on biochemical properties consisted of activity of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, relative water content, soluble sugar, and electrolyte leakages in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was investigated. An experiment was conducted based on CRD with three replications in Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch. The first factor was included different irrigation courses at three levels; irrigation every other day, irrigation three days in between and irrigation five days in between. Second factor was included foliar application with three different concentration of spermidine (0, 1 and 2 mM). The resuls of variance analysis for interaction effect of different courses of irrigation and various concentration of spermidine on peroxidase enzyme activity, ascorbate peroxidase activity and relative water content was significant. The results also showed that plants that recived irrigation five days in between with 2mM Spermidine had the highest activity of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme. The interaction of different levels of irrigation and Spermidine foliar applciaiton on sugar solution and electrolyte leakages was not significant. In conclusion the effect of 2mM Spermine on peroxidase enzyme activity, ascorbate peroxidase activity and relative water content was significant. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        622 - The Effect of Salinity on Potassium, Sodium Accumulation and Aerial Parts Yield of Two Triticale (Triticosecale wittmack X ) Ecotypes during Different Growth Stages
        Safora Farhang mehr Shiva Akbari Shahram Rezvan Beidokhti
        Salinity is one of the main ecological factors that threaten the stability in dry and semi-dry lands and specifically in the lands that evaporation and transpiration dominate rainfall. In order to study the effect of different salinity levels on sodium and potassium con More
        Salinity is one of the main ecological factors that threaten the stability in dry and semi-dry lands and specifically in the lands that evaporation and transpiration dominate rainfall. In order to study the effect of different salinity levels on sodium and potassium concentration, aerial yield and relative water content of two triticale ecotypes, an experiment was performed basis on a complete randomized design with two factors and three replications in research greenhouse of the Islamic Azad university of Damghan. The first factor consisted of different salinity levels (0, 3, 6, 9, 11, 14 ds/m) built-up with pure NaCl and the second factor was two triticale ecotypes (Esfahan and Varzaneh). The result showed that by increasing the salinity the aerial yield and relative water content significantly decreased at all three growth stages which were before flowering, start of pregnancy and seed fermentation. At all three growth stages, the salinity significantly increased the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in the leaves of plant. The effect of ecotype and the interaction effect of salinity and ecotype were also significant on content of potassium at all growth stages but the interaction effect of salinity and ecotype on the sodium content was significant only at seed fermentation stage. The concentration of potassium ions was higher in Esfahan ecotype in all growth stages in comparison with the other ecotype. Therefore, it can be concluded that Esfahan ecotype is more tolerant to salinity stress at all growth stages in comparison with Varzaneh ecotype. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        623 - Effects of nano fertilizer and different levels of nitrogen on grain and oil yield of sesame
        hamed bekhrad fateme niknam B. Mahdavi
        To evaluate effects of nano fertilizer and different levels of nitrogen on sesame, a factorial experiment, arranged in randomized complete block design with 3 replications, was done in the research station of Kahnoj. Factors in this experiment included four nano fertili More
        To evaluate effects of nano fertilizer and different levels of nitrogen on sesame, a factorial experiment, arranged in randomized complete block design with 3 replications, was done in the research station of Kahnoj. Factors in this experiment included four nano fertilizer (0, 1, 2 and 3 /1000) and N levels in four levels (0, 50, 100 and150 Kg N/hac). Analysis of variance showed significant effects of N and nano fertilizer on all characters. Maximum plant height, amount of capsul and biological yield was obtained in 150 Kg nitrogen and minimum level of these parameters was in 0 Kg N. In nano fertilizer yield per plant, amount of capsul and biological yield, was maximum in (3/1000) treatment, while plant height was maximum in 2/1000 treatment. N fertilizer together with nano fertilizer increased 1000 kernel weight, grain yield and biological index, in comparison with none fertilizer treatment and the highest amount of this parameters was in 100 kg N and 2/1000 nano fertilizer treatments. For the oil percent maximum average was 58.5% more than none N fertilizer treatment and maximum amount of oil between nano fertilizer was obtained in 2/1000 and the minimum was in none nano fertilizer usage. Generally, it can be said that the effects of nitrogen and nano fertilizer increased availability of nutrients, which is required by plant, and caused the best growing condition for the sesame Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        624 - Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative traits of alfalfa cultivars forage in different cuts in yazd region
        سید علی طباطبایی Ehsan Shakeri مژگان علی نیا
        In order to study the effect of cultivar and different cuts on forage yield and protein content of alfalfa cultivars (Mesasirsa, Santetic, Yazdi, Bami, Nik Shahri and Baghdadi), an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot arrangement in randomized complete blo More
        In order to study the effect of cultivar and different cuts on forage yield and protein content of alfalfa cultivars (Mesasirsa, Santetic, Yazdi, Bami, Nik Shahri and Baghdadi), an experiment was conducted in the form of split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural and natural resources research center of Yazd in 2013-14 growing season. The results showed that effect of cultivar and different cuts was significant on all traits. Misasirsa, Yazdi, Bami and Santetic had the highest fresh forage yield (17.29, 17.02, 17.37 and 18.27 ton/ha) and dry forage yield (4.47, 4.7, 4.56 and 4.59 ton/ha) respectively. Among the cultivars and different cuts, Nik‌Shahri and Yazdi had the highest (1.16 and 1.18 respectively) and first harvest had the highest (2) leaf stem ratio. Among the cultivars, the percent of dry matter of Nik‌Shahri cultivar was higher than (27.8) other cultivars. First and third harvest had the highest dry matter percent (30.5 and 29.99 respectively). Among the different cuts, First harvest had the highest dry forage yield (6.55 ton/ha). Protein percent of mesasirsa cultivar (21.98) was higher than other cultivars. First and third harvest had the highest protein percent (22.81 and 21.98 respectively). Generally, Yazdi cultivar in first harvest had the highest leaf stem ratio (2.68), dry matter percent (34.68) and dry forage yield (8.03 ton/ha), So, this cultivar was most suitable for Yazd region. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        625 - Study the effect of pre-treatment of seed with hydrogen peroxide on physiological and yield attributes traits of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) under drought stress conditions
        Omid Sadeghipour حوریه بابایی علیرضا پازکی
        In order to evaluate the effect of seed priming with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on drought tolerance of mung bean this factorial pot experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design with 4 replications in the research field of Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini, Sh More
        In order to evaluate the effect of seed priming with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on drought tolerance of mung bean this factorial pot experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design with 4 replications in the research field of Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini, Shahre-rey Branch, Islamic Azad University on 2013. The first factor was irrigation, including irrigation after 60 and 120 mm evaporation from pan evaporation as normal and drought conditions, respectively. The second factor was 5 levels of seed soaking in various concentrations of H2O2 (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mM) for 6 hours. Results showed that drought stress significantly decreased plant height, biomass, yield and yield components, leaf area, relative chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance and relative water content. Nonetheless, pretreatment of seeds with 90 mM H2O2 increased all mentioned traits under drought conditions. This treatment raised seed yield of plant by 25% as compared to control under drought conditions. These results indicated that pretreatment with H2O2 improved growth and drought tolerance of mung bean plants by increasing chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, relative water content and leaf area. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        626 - Studying the effect of irrigation regimes and superabsorbent on proline and soluble sugars and their relationship with forage dry matter of sorghum
        mansour fazeli rostampour mehrdad yarniya Gh. Mosavi M.J. Seghataleslami
        Studying the effect of irrigation regimes and superabsorbent on proline and soluble sugars and their relationship with forage dry matter of sorghum Abstract In order to investigate the possibility of decreasing sorghum water requirements with application of SAP and to More
        Studying the effect of irrigation regimes and superabsorbent on proline and soluble sugars and their relationship with forage dry matter of sorghum Abstract In order to investigate the possibility of decreasing sorghum water requirements with application of SAP and to investigate the relationship between the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars with leaf relative water content (RWC) and forage yield in sorghum variety Speedfeed this experiment was conducted in Dashtak region of Zahedan during 2013 and 2014 seasons in a split plot with four irrigation regimes, providing 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the water requirements of sorghum, calculated from pan evaporation as main plots, four amounts of SAP )0, 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1( as subplots based on a completely randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that the effect of irrigation regimes, SAP levels and interaction effects of two factors in all measured traits were significant. The regression models estimated for two years showed that although applying SAP in 100% ETc treatment had no effect on this trait in 2 seasons but the other irrigation treatments reduced the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars and increased the RWC and dry matter. Therefore, applying 75 kg SAP per hectare along with 20% decrease in the sorghum&rsquo;s water requirement produced a dry matter yield Similar to 100% water treatment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        627 - Effect of integrate nutrition of chemical and animal manures on yield and yield components of spring safflower
        M. Ghanbari M. Mirzakhani A. Hashemi
        Increasing overuse of chemical fertilizers has been causes environmental pollution, degradation of soil and crops. In order to study the effect of integrated application of chemical and animal manures on yield and yield components of spring safflower, the study was carr More
        Increasing overuse of chemical fertilizers has been causes environmental pollution, degradation of soil and crops. In order to study the effect of integrated application of chemical and animal manures on yield and yield components of spring safflower, the study was carried out in Fatholmobin field of Kashan in 2014. A factorial arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Chemical fertilizer treatment (Control, 50 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 25 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 100 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 50 kg ha-1 of P2O5, 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5) and animal manure treatment (Control, 20 ton ha-1, 40 ton ha-1), were assigned in plots. Stem height, number of branches, number of bolls per plant, grains per boll, boll harvest index, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, protein content, phosphorus absorption, nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were determined. Results indicated that the interaction effects between chemical fertilizer and animal manure on 1000 grain weight, grain yield, protein content, phosphorus absorption, nitrogen agronomy efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were significant. The highest and lowest of grain yield 1031 and 268 kg ha-1 were obtained in 150 kg ha-1 of nitrogen + 75 kg ha-1 of P2O5 + 20 t ha-1 of animal manure and without application of the chemical and animal manure, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        628 - Effect of Azotobacter and Rhizobium as bio-fertilizers on morphological and physiological trait of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L. cv. Discovery)
        Saharnaz Heydari Mohammad Saeed Tadayon Golamreza Moafpourian
        In order to evaluate the use of bio-Fertilizers (Rhizobium and Azotobacter) on morphological and physiological characters of African marigold, a study was conducted in 2015 at Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan branch, Fars Province. The experiment was carried out in a f More
        In order to evaluate the use of bio-Fertilizers (Rhizobium and Azotobacter) on morphological and physiological characters of African marigold, a study was conducted in 2015 at Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan branch, Fars Province. The experiment was carried out in a factorial in completely randomized design with three replications. The bio-fertilizers factors contain three levels of azotobacter (0, 25, and 50 gr kg-1 soil) and rhizobium (0, 20, and 40 ml kg-1 soil). The results showed that the application of azotobacter and rhizobium can be improved vegetative and reproductive characters of African marigold. The highest plant height (31 cm), sprout flower number (16 in plant), and the fastest time of flowering (31 days after sowing) were obtained with application of azotobacter bio-fertilizer at 50 gr kg-1 soil. The highest chlorophyll a pigment and Lum index were obtained with application of azotobacter at 50 gr kg-1 and rhizobium at 40 ml kg-1 soil. But, the highest Hue index was obtained without application of bio-fertilizers. Overall, to achieve the highest quality and quantity characters of African marigold flower, bio-fertilizers application of azotobacter at 50 gr kg-1 and rhizobium at 20 ml kg-1, is recommended. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        629 - The evaluation of antioxidant enzymes role in seed yield of some wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under drought stress at post anthesis
        P. Sharifi N. Mohammadkhani
        In order to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content and grain yield of wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted with a factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replicate More
        In order to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content and grain yield of wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted with a factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replicates in field of Agricultural Dryland Research Station, Maragheh, Iran. Six wheat genotypes and four irrigation treatments (control, 7, 17 and 23 days after anthesis) were used in this study. Genotypes were included Azar-2 and Sardari (Drought tolerant), HN7 and DH-2049 (moderately tolerant), and Sara and TEVEE (drought sensitive). Results showed that drought stress at different times after anthesis led to decrease in relative water content (on average from 82.5% to 53.5%) and chlorophyll content (on average from 12.33% to 3.17%) in flag leaves of different wheat genotypes. Activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) were significantly increased under drought conditions. It was also observed that tolerant genotypes which had lower MDA and RWC content and higher chlorophyll contents in drought conditions also showed the higher antioxidant enzymes activity than sensitive genotypes. It seems that lower antioxidant enzymes activity in sensitive genotypes caused a decrease in drought tolerance and therefore higher yield reduction in these genotypes (on average from 3150.23 kg per hectare to 1400.21 kg per hectare, 55.55% decrease) compare to tolerant genotypes (on average from 2800.72 kg per hectare to 1850.69 kg per hectare, 33.92% decrease). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        630 - Evaluation of Cell membrane Instability of Oily Sunflower Varieties under Water Deficit and Salicylic Acid Application
        Mohammad Sibi Mohammad Mirzakhani Masoud Gomarian Hesamedin Yaqobi
        Experimental treatments comprised of water stress as a major factor in three levels including I0 = irrigation water requirement of crop (control), I1= 80 percent of the amount of irrigation water requirements of crop, I2= 60 percent of the amount of irrigation water req More
        Experimental treatments comprised of water stress as a major factor in three levels including I0 = irrigation water requirement of crop (control), I1= 80 percent of the amount of irrigation water requirements of crop, I2= 60 percent of the amount of irrigation water requirements of crop in the main plots and different varieties of sunflower including V1= Azargol, V2= Alstar, V3= Ariflor and two levels of salicylic acid containing SA0= without salicylic acid and SA1= with salicylic acid (sprayed) as a minor factor in a factorial combination of sub-plots. The results showed the very significant effect (p&lt;0.01) of different levels of water stress and varieties of sunflower on stem diameter, number of leaves, number of hollow grains, biological yield, ion leakage of cell (cell membrane instability), leaf water content, initial water content and ultimate water of leaf. Salicylic acid also had significant effect on number of leaves, cell ion leakage (cell membrane instability), leaf water content, initial water content and leaf ultimate water at a level of statistical significance, whereas stem diameter, number of hollow grains and biological yield did not affected by salicylic acid. Thus, ion leakage cell increased with increasing intensity of water deficit, therefore the highest average of ion leakage (2854.9 &mu;s) obtained from extreme stress (60 percent of the amount of irrigation water requirements of crop). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        631 - Study the physiological responses of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by irrigation with magnetized water under drought stress
        Omid Sadeghipour
        In order to investigate the effect of magnetized water on drought tolerance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) Partow cultivar, a pot experiment was done in Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Branch, Islamic Azad University at 2013. This experiment was conducted in factorial at More
        In order to investigate the effect of magnetized water on drought tolerance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) Partow cultivar, a pot experiment was done in Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Branch, Islamic Azad University at 2013. This experiment was conducted in factorial at the basis of completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor consisted of two irrigation levels including irrigation after 50 and 100 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan as control and drought stress conditions, respectively. The second factor consisted of two types of water including tap water and magnetized water. Results showed that drought decreased chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, relative water content, leaf area and net photosynthetic rate; nevertheless irrigation with magnetized water reduced drought damages via improving all of these traits. In irrigation with tap water, the higher and lower net photosynthetic rat were 8.70 and 5.60 &micro;mol CO2 m-2 s-1 under normal and drought conditions, respectively. Nonetheless, in irrigation with magnetized water, the higher and lower net photosynthetic rat were 10 and 6.29 &micro;mol CO2 m-2 s-1 under normal and drought conditions, respectively. Therefore, after supplementary field studies and observing magnetized water effect on yield and yield components and economical computing, this treatment, as simple, safe and practical method can use for improvement drought tolerance of mung bean. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        632 - The effect of bio fertilizers on some growth parameters and essential oil of Moldavian dragonhead under drought conditions
        Hoseein Gorgini Shabankareh محمد رضا اصغری پور براتعلی فاخری
        One of the fundamental pillars in sustainable agriculture is use of bio-fertilizers in agro-ecosystems in order to eliminate or reduce the use of chemical inputs. The experimental design was a split plot with four irrigation regimes: irrigation at 40 %, 60 %, 80 % and 1 More
        One of the fundamental pillars in sustainable agriculture is use of bio-fertilizers in agro-ecosystems in order to eliminate or reduce the use of chemical inputs. The experimental design was a split plot with four irrigation regimes: irrigation at 40 %, 60 %, 80 % and 100% FC (as control) comprising the main treatments, and four biological fertilizers including nitroxin, super nitroplas and biophosphor and non-fertilizer (as control) as the sub -treatments that were applied with three replications. The experiment was conducted in 2013 at the Zabol University research farm in Zabol, south Iran. Nitroxin treated plants had the highest leaf relative water content, plant height, number of lateral branches, fresh and dry weight and followed by nitroplas and biophosphor. Plants irrigated at 80 % FC had the higher plant height, number of lateral branches, fresh and dry weight. While the greatest relative water content was achieved at irrigation at 100 % of FC (control). The experimental results suggested that application of nitroxin along with irrigation at 80 % FC could be useful in drought conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        633 - Pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reduces the negative effects of salt stress on wheat
        T. Jfarian M.J. Zare
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide pretreatment on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical ON wheat seedling under salt stress conditions. In this regards a greenhouse experimentation carried out as factoria More
        The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide pretreatment on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical ON wheat seedling under salt stress conditions. In this regards a greenhouse experimentation carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications and three levels of salinity (0, 80 and 120 mM NaCl), and four levels of hydrogen peroxide ( 0, 25 , 50 , 80 mM). Hydrogen peroxide caused an increase of Catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in wheat seedling under salinity condition. This increase was associated with reducing the damage of free radicals in produced wheat. Under salinity stress pre-treated wheat with hydrogen peroxide had higher chlorophyll and relative water content. Also Hydrogen peroxide reduced the negative effect of salinity on water, height and root dry weight of wheat seedling. There was no significant effect of hydrogen peroxide on ionic leakage. Overall seed priming with hydrogen peroxide improves the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat and increase its resistance to salt stress conditions. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        634 - Effects of Humic Acid Sprays and of Planting Dates on Some Mung Bean Traits (Vigna raddia L.)
        aliakbar rezvani جعفر مسعود سینکی hoosain abaspoor saeid gharib bolouk
        A split factorial experiment was done in Bastam region in Shahrud during 2011-2012 crop year,using randomized complete design block with 3 replications to investigate the effect of planting data on some cultivars of mung bean. The experimental treatments included three More
        A split factorial experiment was done in Bastam region in Shahrud during 2011-2012 crop year,using randomized complete design block with 3 replications to investigate the effect of planting data on some cultivars of mung bean. The experimental treatments included three planting dates (1st, 11th, and 21st of May, 2011), the application of humic acid spray at three levels (control, 40%, and 60%),and VC and Parto cultivars. Results from this study suggest that the second planting date provides the best conditions for reducing environmental effects and preserving the dry and fresh weights of the seed (53.57 g/shrub, and 174.97 g/shrub). In addition, the interaction between the planting date and dry weight of the seed, as well as between the planting date and fresh weight of the seed were significant at the level of 5% and 1%, respectively. The cultivars under planting date treatment showed statistical difference at the level of 1% in some traits namely 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, and yield. Among the cultivars, the maximum 1000-seed weight (63.21 g) belonged to the Parto cultivar. In addition, the application of humic acid spray affected 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per pod, and seed yield in different cultivars at the level of 1%; in that, the maximum effect belonged to the application of humic acid 60% spray (66.20 g). On the other hand, such traits as protein content and ash content were not affected by any of the factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        635 - Effects of methyl jasmonate and phosphorus on PAL activitity, flavonoids and some physiological parameters in leaves and fruit of red pepper
        کلثوم شمس الدینی بتول کرامت حسین مظفری
        JasAbstract Jasmonates are naturally occurring plant growth regulators, which can affect many physiological and biochemical processes in higher plants. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. It plays a fundamental role in metabolism and en More
        JasAbstract Jasmonates are naturally occurring plant growth regulators, which can affect many physiological and biochemical processes in higher plants. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. It plays a fundamental role in metabolism and energy production in plants. In this study, the effects of methyl jasmonate (0, 50 and 100 &mu;M) and phosphoru (0, 2 and 4 mM) on dry weight, chlorophyll content, flavonoids content and phenylalanine ammonia- lyase (PAL) activity in leaves and fruits of red pepper plants in the reproductive stage were examined. The results showed that methyl jasmonate and phosphorus (in both concentrations) significantly increased the dry weight of treated plants compared to control. Moreover, using of both methyl jasmonate(50 &micro;M) and phosphorus (2, 4 mM) led to increase in chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content compared with control plants. Application of 50 &mu;M MJ with 2 and 4 mM phosphorus enhanced flavonoid content in leaves while in fruit, MJ 100 &Mu;m with 4 Mm of phosphorus effective treatments. PAL activity analysis revealed that methyl jasmonate(100 &micro;M) in combination with phosphorus (4 mM) increased the activity of this enzyme in fruit pepper. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        636 - Investigation of Polyethylene Mulch on Improvement of Tomato Water Use Efficiency using AquaCrop Model
        razieh Eskandaripour afshin khorsand vahid rezaverdinejad kamran zeinalzazdeh amir Norjoo
        In this study, the Aquacrop model was evaluated to predict the crop yield and the water use efficiency of tomato in climatic conditions Kahriz region, and use mulch cover was modeling. The research was carried out at split plot factorial experiment based on randomized d More
        In this study, the Aquacrop model was evaluated to predict the crop yield and the water use efficiency of tomato in climatic conditions Kahriz region, and use mulch cover was modeling. The research was carried out at split plot factorial experiment based on randomized design. The factors of between-row spacing (100 and 120cm), in-row spacing (30 and 40cm) and black plastic were studied. The treatment of black plastic were: full ridge and half furrow were covered by mulch; full furrow and half ridge were covered by mulch and control (no mulch). Every plot was irrigated separately. The model was calibrated by the use of first year&rsquo;s data, and as a result on the base of R2 (0.99) and NRMSE (0.19). Efficiency parameters, it is obvious that Aquacrop appropriately simulates the crop yield, WUE and soil water content of the root zone for tomato under different planting densities and three types of mulch. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        637 - Evaluation of yield, yield components and nitrate leaching in soybean cultivation affected by different types of fertilizers and weed interference
        Mahmood Ramroudi Javad Mahmoudi Mehdi Dahmarde Mohammad Galavi
        Among the several factors reducing plants yield, weed interference has great important. To investigate the effect of fertilizer types and weeds management on yield, yield components and nitrate leaching in soybean an experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized More
        Among the several factors reducing plants yield, weed interference has great important. To investigate the effect of fertilizer types and weeds management on yield, yield components and nitrate leaching in soybean an experiment was conducted as split plots in randomized complete block design with three replications in Chalus city in summer of 2013 and 2014. Fertilizers types including chemical fertilizer, manure and nano-chelates spraying as the main plot and weed control in three levels including emergence to flowering, critical period of weed interference and no weeding were considered as sub-plots. The results showed that yield with weeding during the critical period as well as weeding until flowering was achieved in a statistical group and were significantly more than non-control treatment. The highest weeds dry weight was obtained in gweed infested treatment and increasing in weed control time caused their weight loss. Among the fertilizer treatments, the highest dry weed weight was observed by chemical fertilizer application. Maximum nitrate concentration at a soil depth of 80-100 cm were obtained by using chemical fertilizer. Weeds dry weight increased and the nitrate concentration decreased when the weeds control duration was reduced. In general, the results showed that weed control during the critical period increased the grain yield by increasing the yield components. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        638 - Evaluation of Some Physiological Traits and Oil Yield in Different Safflower Genotypes under Irrigation Interruption
        Sayed Mohammad Taghi Tabib Loghmani forood Bazrafshan omid alizadeh Bahram Amiri , Abdollah Bahrani
        In order to evaluate the safflower genotypes in response to drought stress, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sarvestan region during 2016 and 2017 growing season. The main plot consisted of two levels More
        In order to evaluate the safflower genotypes in response to drought stress, a split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Sarvestan region during 2016 and 2017 growing season. The main plot consisted of two levels of normal irrigation and irrigation interruption from the emergence of the first pods and sub plots including fifteen safflower genotypes. Evaluated indices were included grain yield, relative water content of leaves (RWC), oil content, oil yield and drought tolerance indices. Combined analysis results indicated that water deficit stress had adverse effect on all above indices. Effect of genotypes, also was significant on evaluated indices. Results of combination analysis showed that in two irrigation conditions, Dincer and PI-537598 cultivars had the highest grain yield, RWC and oil yield. Based on GMP and STI drought tolerance indices, Dincer cultivar had the highest GMP and STI, and based on the percentage reduction of grain yield, PI-537636-s genotype (57%) had the least decrease, therefore according to these indices could be considered as the most resistant cultivars. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        639 - Some physiological responses of two wheat cultivars to foliar application of salicylic acid under drought stress
        Fershteh Darabi Rahim Naseri Amir Mirzaei meysam moradi
        To investigate the responses of some physiological parameters of two wheat cultivars to Salicylic acid under variable moisture condition, an Split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research C More
        To investigate the responses of some physiological parameters of two wheat cultivars to Salicylic acid under variable moisture condition, an Split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research Center of Sarableh, Ilam during 2014-2015 cropping season. Experimental factors included Moisture treatments in three levels (control (100), 70 and 40 % Field capacity) In the main plots, Salicylic acid in three levels (0, 50 and 100 &micro;M) in the sub plot and two wheat cultivar (Bahar and Pishtaz) in sub sub plot. Studied traits in this study included yield, Relative Water Content, Stomatal conductance, Rubisco activity, Photosynthetic rate, Transpiration rate, Electrolyte leakage and Sub stomatal CO2 concentration. The results showed that Triple interaction between drought stress, salicylic acid and Cultivars on all traits was significant. Although By increasing drought stress yield and Relative Water Content was significantly decreased, while the use of salicylic acid in this situation improve these traits. Also by increasing drought stress Electrolyte leakage were decreased, but the use of salicylic acid improved that. Photosynthetic rate and Rubisco activity By increasing salicylic acid Decreased In comparison with control. In general, given the role of salicylic acid in reducing the negative impact of stress on some physiological processes that studied in this research, its application in drought conditions is advisable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        640 - Effect of harvest dates on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cv. Hayward in Guilan province
        Ebrahim Farzam Ebrahim Abedigheshlaghi Hossein Shahbazi Aliakbar Imani Marefat Mostafavirad Kazem Najafi Reza Rezaei
        In order to determine the optimum harvesting date in direction to improve the quality attributes, antioxidant and storage capacity in Hayward kiwifruit, this experiment were performed based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2012-2013 cro More
        In order to determine the optimum harvesting date in direction to improve the quality attributes, antioxidant and storage capacity in Hayward kiwifruit, this experiment were performed based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2012-2013 cropping season in western north of Guilan province, Astara, Iran. The studied treatment were including of five harvest dates of kiwifruit such as 17, 23 and 30 Oct. and 7 and 14 Nov. 2013. Based on results of this experiment, the effect of harvesting date was significant on all measured traits in Hayward kiwifruit except for fruit density and vitamin C. The highest degree of kiwifruit firmness (9.35 kg. cm-2) and their soluble solids content (6.6 %) were observed at 23 Oct. and 14 Nov. 2013, respectively. Delayed harvesting of kiwifruit decreased total titratable acidity. But, antioxidant capacity of kiwifruit enhanced response to delayed harvesting date. Also, in this experiment there was negative and significant correlation between antioxidant capacity and total titratable acidity of kiwifruit (r= - 0.74**). But, the correlation coefficient between kiwifruit firmness and antioxidant capacity was positive and significant (r= 0.70**). In addition, the correlation coefficient between soluble solids and firmness was negative and significant (r= - 0.82**). Delayed harvesting up to 14 Nov. 2013 caused to increase the content of soluble solids and antioxidant capacity and enhancement of shelf life ability in Hayward kiwifruit. In general, the date of 14 Nov. 2013 can be recommendable to harvest Hayward kiwifruit and prolonging of its shelf life in region climatic condition. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        641 - Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative traits of autumn cultivation sugar beet varieties in Dezful region during two years
        Seyed Hamzeh Hosseinian Mohammad Abdollahian Noghbi Naser Majnoon Hoseini Babak Babaee
        In order to evaluate quantitative and qualitative properties of three sugar beet cultivars (HI1059, Palma and Merac), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research Center Safiabad in 2011-2012 and 2012-20 More
        In order to evaluate quantitative and qualitative properties of three sugar beet cultivars (HI1059, Palma and Merac), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research Center Safiabad in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 growing seasons. The analysis of simple variance examined showed that in first year among varieties for the bolting, sugar content, alkalinity and white sugar content traits there significant difference, whereas in the second year of potassium, molasses sugar and white sugar content traits were significant differences. The result of the compound analysis in both years the effect year on bolting, sodium, potassium, amino-nitrogen, molasses sugar, white sugar content and extraction coefficient of sugar traits was significant. The result mean bolting (%) in the first year showed that in the HI1059 and Palma cultivars were 32.6% and 51.4%, respectively and in cultivar Merac, did not bolting happen, Whereas in the second year due to the weather moderation and absence of long cold any of the cultivars did not bolt. HI1059 cultivar of the most traits was higher than other cultivars. Depending on the climatic conditions experiment and the cultivation of sugar beet cultivar, there was differences in the number of plants bolting and the degree of their impact on formation and sugar molasses. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        642 - Effect of Drought Stress, Different Levels of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizer on Some Physiological and Agronomical Traits of Maize hybrid (Zea mays L. CV. Single cross 704)
        Reza Rezaei Sokht-Abandani Seyed Ata Siadat Alireza pazoki shahram lack mani mojddam
        Abstract:In order to study the effect of drought stress, different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the growth of corn this research were done at the agricultural research center of biokola (Neka) during two years 2015 and 2016. The experiment was conduct More
        Abstract:In order to study the effect of drought stress, different levels of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the growth of corn this research were done at the agricultural research center of biokola (Neka) during two years 2015 and 2016. The experiment was conducted as split factorial in a completely randomized block design with three replications on S.C704. The main factor was 4 levels of drought stress (irrigation after 75, 100, 125 and 150 millimeter evaporation from class A evaporation pan) and the sub-factor three levels of nitrogen (80, 160 and 240 kg.ha-1) and three levels of potassium (75, 150 and 225 kg.ha-1) were considered.The mean comparison results showed that with increasing nitrogen and potassium consumption, the harvest index decreased by 30.52%. Also, the lowest nitrogen removal index under the interaction of irrigation &times; nitrogen irrigation intervals with irrigation intervals of 150 mm evaporation from class an evaporation 240 kg N/ha decreased by 30.91%.The highest relative leaf water content and leaf chlorophyll content were obtained for irrigation intervals of 75 mm with kg.N.ha-1, 94.12% and 61.59%, respectively.Also, the highest grain and nitrogen yield were obtained for the second year in 75 mm irrigation interval and 240 kg.N.ha-1 with average 12807 kg/ha and 2.72%, respectively. So after increasing in drought stress, nitrogen and potassium, the traits as harvest index and nitrogen removal index decreased. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        643 - Effects of different urea and vermicompost rates on yield and essential oil contents of two dill (Anethum graveolens L.) cultivars
        nastooh safikhani zohrab adavi cyrus mansourifar
        Using organic fertilizers to replace or considerably reduce the use of chemical fertilizers leads to an increase in the quality and performance of the sustainable production of crops. A field experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replic More
        Using organic fertilizers to replace or considerably reduce the use of chemical fertilizers leads to an increase in the quality and performance of the sustainable production of crops. A field experiment based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications was carried out to compare application of vermicompost, urea and their combinations in Agricultural Education and Medicinal Plant Research Center of Isfahan province during 2016. Five levels of fertilizers: control, 100% vermicompost (3429 kg ha-1), 66.6% vermicompost + 33.3% urea (86.86 kg ha-1 urea + 2283.71 kg ha-1 vermicompost), 66.6% urea + 33.3% vermicompost (173.73 kg ha-1 urea + 1141.85 kg ha-1 vermicompost) and 100% urea (260.86 kg ha-1) were used in two cultivars of dill (Varamin and Isfahani). The results indicated that 66.6% and 33.3% urea vermicompost increased the number of umbel (13.6 %), 1000-seed weight (19.3 %), plant dry weight (21.9 %), grain yield (33.4 %), harvest index (18.5%) and essential oil yield (27.5%) compared to the control treatment. Furthermore, the highest percentages of essential oil percentage (0.80%), d-Carvone (91.49%) and linalool (2.61%) were obtained related to 100% vermicompost. Therefore, using integrated chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer application without significant decline in yield quantity and quality, could be decreased consume chemical fertilizer and its impacts on environment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        644 - Study the effect of methanol and ascorbic acid foliar application on yield and physiological traits related to water relationships peanut under rainfed condition
        Maral Moradi tochaee Saeid Saifzadeh Hamid Reza Zakerin Seyed Alireza Valadabadi
        In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and ascorbic acid on growth and yield of peanut (varNC2) in during 2015 year, an experiment was carried out in two locations of Astaneh Ashrafiyeh and Kiashahr. A randomized complete block design with More
        In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and ascorbic acid on growth and yield of peanut (varNC2) in during 2015 year, an experiment was carried out in two locations of Astaneh Ashrafiyeh and Kiashahr. A randomized complete block design with three replications on a factorial experiment with two factors including four levels of methanol include 0 (Control), 7, 14, and 21 volumetric percentage and four levels of ascorbic acid include (0 Control), 250, 500, and 750 mg/lit was used. Methanol and ascorbic acid foliar applications were done two times during the growing season with 15 days intervals and spraying started in 72 code stage of BBCH-scale. Measured traits in this experiment were consisted of: pod yield, seed yield, biological yield, protein yield, oil yield, pod water use efficiency, chlorophyll, leaf relative water content and leaf osmotic potential. The results showed the simple effects of methanol and ascorbic acid foliar applications on measured traits were positive significant. The maximum amount on measured traits were observed by two foliar application of methanol treatments (14 and 21 % (v/v)) and two foliar application of ascorbic acid treatments (500 and 750 mg/l) during experiment. In comparison to the control (without foliar application methanol), methanol application at 14 and 21 % v/v levels increased seed yield up to 20.15% and 24.65% respectively. The 17.36% and 20.67% amount of seed yield increase at 500 and 750 mg/l of ascorbic acid application respectively, in comparison to the control (without foliar application ascorbic acid). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        645 - Phytochemical study of Zataria multiflora Boiss in different ecological conditions
        Ahmad Niczad Shahram Sharafzadeh Ardalan Alizadeh Bahram Amiri Forood Bazrafshan
        In the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic More
        In the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic content, antioxidant properties and polyphenolic compounds of methanolic extract. Essential oils were extracted from all ecotypes by hydro-distillation via Clevenger apparatus, then analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrophotometer (GC/MS) . In total, 52 compounds were identified in the essential oils of different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora. The main chemical constituents were, thymol (34.41 - 54.35 %), p-cymene (9.49 - 19.85 %), -Terpinene (7.34 - 16.70 %) and carvacrol (5.35 - 15.34 %). Determination of total phenol and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Polyphenolic components of extracts of different ecotypes were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total phenols varied from 234.66 to 302.28 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, IC50 values in the radical scavenging assay ranged from 348.63 to 453.76 mg/mL. The predominant polyphenolic compounds in the extracts of all ecotypes included: Thymol, Carvacrol, Quercetin and Rosmarinic acid. The results showed that Neyriz ecotype has the highest percentage of essential oil and the highest percentage of thymol. The highest amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was observed in Larestan ecotype. The predominant polyphenolic component was thymol and was observed in the Fasa ecotype. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        646 - Effect of super absorbent polymer on drought tolerance in lantana (Lantana camara)
        mehdi shahbazi abdolreza jafari
        Lack of water resources and drought stress is the most important problems in the green spaces in arid and semi-arid regions. The use of some additives, such as super adsorbents, can help maintain and store moisture in the soil and make optimal use of limited water resou More
        Lack of water resources and drought stress is the most important problems in the green spaces in arid and semi-arid regions. The use of some additives, such as super adsorbents, can help maintain and store moisture in the soil and make optimal use of limited water resources. In this research, the effect of four levels of Igeta Green-P (0, 3, 6 and 9 g / kg) and three irrigation intervals (5, 10 and 15 days) on growth indices and RWC , proline and chlorophyll index of verbena were investigated. The results of this study indicate that using super absorbent due to the moisture content in the root zone and, consequently, increasing the plant water utilization, provide better conditions for plant growth and development, especially under drought stress conditions. Application of super adsorbant Igita with concentrations of 6 and 9 g / kg improved vegetative growth and also improved RWC of the plant under irrigation conditions at intervals of 10 and 15 days. Increasing the irrigation interval from 5 days to 10 and 15 days caused the growth of the plant to decrease in terms of length and weight of the shoot, length and root weight, reduce the relative water content. Considering the positive effects of Igeta super adsorbent on the establishment and enhancement of growth of Pseudo and Peculiar seedlings, it can be concluded that the use of superabsorbent as a successful method for maintaining moisture in arid and semi-arid regions has suggested. Increased water use efficiency in the greenery. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        647 - Effects of putrescine and bio fertilizers on yield and grain filling components of wheat ‎‎(Triticum aestivum L.) under salinity condition‎
        alireza Mohseni Mohammadjanlou RAOUF SEYED SHARIFI Saeid Alipour
        In order to study the effects of putrescine and bio fertilizers on grain filling &lrm;components of wheat under salinity condition, a factorial &lrm;experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three &lrm;replications in research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and More
        In order to study the effects of putrescine and bio fertilizers on grain filling &lrm;components of wheat under salinity condition, a factorial &lrm;experiment was conducted based on RCBD with three &lrm;replications in research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, &lrm;University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2018. Experimental factors were included salinity &lrm;in four levels [no-salinity as control, salinity 40, 80 and 120 mM NaCl], application of &lrm;bio fertilizers at four levels [no bio fertilizer, application of both Psedomunas and &lrm;Flavobacterim, mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and &lrm;Flavobacterim, mycorrhiza application] and putrescine foliar application &lrm;&lrm;(foliar application with water as control, foliar application of 0.5 and 1 mM putrescine. &lrm;Results showed that application of both mycorrhiza with Psedomunas and &lrm;Flavobacterim and foliar application of 1 mM putrescine increased chlorophyll index &lrm;&lrm;, yield and yield components under salinity conditions. Maximum of grain filling rate (0.00217 g.day), grain filling period and effective grain &lrm;filling period (24.1 and 35.57 days respectively), root volume and weight (0.71 g per &lrm;plant and 1.317 cm3 per plant) were obtained in application of mycorrhiza with &lrm;Pseudomonas and Flowobacterium under no salinity condition and the minimum of &lrm;values were obtained in the highest salinity level, no application of bio fertilizers and &lrm;foliar application of putrescine. Application of mycorrhiza with Pseudomonas and &lrm;Flavobacterium and foliar application of 1 mM putrescine at the highest salinity level &lrm;increased grain yield by 28.57% compared to no application of bio fertilizers and no &lrm;foliar application at the same salinity level. &lrm; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        648 - Investigating the effect of water stress and plant density on some physiological characteristics and water use efficiency in two ecotypes of Thymbra spicata L
        فاطمه ملک ملکی Nosrat Abbasi Ebraim Sharifi Ashoorabadi, Mohammad Javad Zare
        The present study aims to investigate the changes in some physiological characteristics and water use efficiency of two ecotypes of Thymbra spicata L. in response to changes in water stress and plant density. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out as a split fa More
        The present study aims to investigate the changes in some physiological characteristics and water use efficiency of two ecotypes of Thymbra spicata L. in response to changes in water stress and plant density. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out as a split factorial based on the randomized complete block design with three replications in two growing seasons (2016 and 2017). The highest content of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b was observed in the treatments of non-stress and mild stress and at a density of 6 and 8 plants per m2. The highest content of total chlorophyll was observed in the treatment of non-stress and mild stress and at a density of 8 plants per m2 during the first year of the experiment. Increased plant density and intensity of water stress led to a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments. The highest content of carotenoids was observed at the treatment of mild water stress and a density of 8 and 12 plants m2 during the first year of the experiment. The highest content of anthocyanins was observed at the treatment of mild water stress and a density of 8 plants per m2. The highest content of total phenol and flavonoids was observed at the treatment of severe water stress and a density of 12 plants per m2. Finally, the highest amount of proline in the plant was observed in the second year of the experiment at the treatment of severe water stress and a density of 12 plants per m2. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        649 - Physiological responses of sweet corn under water deficit and nitrogen rates at different growth stages
        A. Shahriari A.B. Puteh A.B. Abdul Rahim G.B. Saleh
        Water deficit is one of the main factors limiting production in arid and semiarid regions. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the interaction of water deficit &nbsp;and N fertilizer rate on relative water content, proline content, leaf chlorophyll c More
        Water deficit is one of the main factors limiting production in arid and semiarid regions. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the interaction of water deficit &nbsp;and N fertilizer rate on relative water content, proline content, leaf chlorophyll content,&nbsp; pollen number &nbsp;and pollen viability, photosynthesis rate and stomata conductance parameters in two hybrid sweet corn ( 968 and 926) in greenhouse condition. The experimental layout was split plot factorial design arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2010 in the Agriculture Crop Science, Putra University Malaysia (UPM). Treatments consisted of four levels of irrigation (including irrigating all the growing season (control), vegetative drought, reproductive drought and vegetative and reproductive drought), three levels of Nitrogen as urea (40, 120 and 200 kg ha-1) and two varieties of sweet corn varieties (including hybrids 968 and 926), respectively. Results showed that the interaction effects of water deficit and Nitrogen fertilizer were significant and reduced leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and stomata conductivity under water and Nitrogen rate deficit. Also the results showed that water deficit at vegetative and productive growth stages reduced photosynthesis rate compared to normal irrigation by 54% and 84%, respectively.&nbsp; But Nitrogen treatments at 200 and 120 kg ha-1 did not show any significant decrease in stomata conductivity. Whereas. Proline content increased under water deficit. Pollen number reduced with water and nitrogen deficit. Pollen viability reduced only under water deficit by 39%. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        650 - Allelopathic effects of some common weeds of Hormozgan province on seed germination and vegetative growth of onion (Allium cepa)
        L. Jafari F. Abdollahi
        In order to investigation of allelopathic activity of aqueous extract and different plant tissues residues of Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Chenopodiunm album, Dactyloctenium aegyptyum and Malva neglecta on seed germination and seedling growth of onion, la More
        In order to investigation of allelopathic activity of aqueous extract and different plant tissues residues of Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Chenopodiunm album, Dactyloctenium aegyptyum and Malva neglecta on seed germination and seedling growth of onion, laboratory and pot experiments were performed as a factorial experiment basis of a completely randomized design with three replications in Horticultural science Department of Hormozgan University.&nbsp; In laboratory experiment, studied factors were included five weeds species, six concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 ml) of aqueous extract of different tissues (leaf, stem and root) of tested weeds and in pot study, experimental factors included five weeds species, six amounts (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 gram per pot) of ground residues of different tissues (leaf, stem and root) of studied weeds. Results of this study indicated that in laboratory experiment, A. retroflexus and D. aegyptyum had the most allelopathic effects on onion. Although in most of the studied traits no significant differences were observed between these two weeds, but inhibition effects of A. retroflexus was higher for germination rate, radicel length and dry weight and seedling dry weight. With increase in extract concentrations, almost of onion seedling growth characteristics decreased significantly. Results of pot experiment showed that the weed residues incorporated in soil inhibited the growth and leaf chlorophyll a content of onion. Both A. retroflexus and D. aegyptyum had the maximum inhibition effects on all of onion vegetative growth trails. But A. retroflexus allelopathic effects on seedling emergence percentage and chlorophyll a content were more obvious. Results of this study indicated that since between studied weed species, A. retroflexus and D. aegyptyum had the most allelopathic effects on onion seed germination and vegetative growth characteristics, therefore these two weeds must be controlled completely before onion cultivation.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        651 - Pomological Attributes and Chemical Composition of Cultivars and Wild Genotypes of Pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) in Iran
        Mohammad Aref Pourian Davood Bakhshi Hossein Hokmabadi Ali Aalami
        10.22034/jon.2019.1870225.1060
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        652 - Response of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Seedling Rootstocks to Salicylic Acid Foliar Application under Water Stress
        Mostafa Ghasemi Kazem Arzani Abbas Yadollahi Hossein Hokmabadi Majid Agha-Alikhani
        10.22034/jon.2021.1935934.1120
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        653 - Genetic Diversity and Heritability of Fruit Traits and Oil Content in Selected Almond Progenies and their Parents
        Hamed Torkman Ali Imani AliReza Talaei Sadegh Mousavi
        10.22034/jon.2021.1872988.1062
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        654 - The Sanitizing Effect of Peracetic Acid on Microbial Contamination of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)
        Najmeh Pakdaman Mohammad Moradi Ghahdarijani Amanollah Javanshah Ahmad Shakerardekani Najmeh Saberi
        10.22034/jon.2021.1930202.1114
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        655 - Quality Profiling and Estimation of Total Phenols, Flavonoids, Flavonols and Antioxidative Potential of Walnut Kernel (Juglans regia) from Kashmir Valley
        Ruhee Jan Tabassum Ara Javid Iqbal Mir
        10.22034/jon.2022.1952204.1152
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        656 - Physiological, Biochemical, and Developmental Responses of some Pistachio Genotypes under Drought Stress
        Mostafa Ghasemi Shiva Ghasemi Mehdi Mohammadi-Moghadam Saeid Kashanizadeh Mansoore Shamili
        10.22034/jon.2023.1991233.1237
        Pistachio is one of the economic nut fruits in Iran. Water limitation is the most restrictive factor for its production. To overcome the water scarcity crisis, introducing drought-tolerant rootstocks is among the crucial breeding strategies. To investigate the drought t More
        Pistachio is one of the economic nut fruits in Iran. Water limitation is the most restrictive factor for its production. To overcome the water scarcity crisis, introducing drought-tolerant rootstocks is among the crucial breeding strategies. To investigate the drought tolerance of five Qazvin native pistachio genotypes, an experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications in the greenhouse conditions. The factors were pistachio genotypes (Madari, KalKhandan, Kalehbozi, Sefid, and Ghermez) and irrigation regime (normal conditions and drought stress). The highest relative water content under drought irrigation conditions belonged to the Sefid (59.99%), and Ghermez (59.09%) genotypes. The lowest value (54.68%) belonged to the Madari genotype. The highest electrolyte leakage under drought irrigation conditions belonged to the Madari genotype (55.75%). The lowest electrolyte leakage (42.44%) belonged to the Sefid genotype. Under drought stress, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (2.12 mg g-1 fresh weight), total chlorophyll (3.051 mg g-1 fresh weight), and carotenoid (2.38 mg g-1 fresh weight) was observed in Ghermez genotype. In contrast, the highest amount of chlorophyll b (1.34 mg g-1 fresh weight) was observed in the Sefid genotype. The lowest amounts of chlorophyll and carotenoid in the drought stress belonged to the Madari genotype. According to the results, the Ghermez and Sefid genotypes with lower electrolyte leakage and higher relative water content, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and biomass under water stress, were the more drought-tolerant genotypes. Madari and KalKhandan genotypes with higher electrolyte leakage and lower relative leaf water content, chlorophyll, and biomass were the most drought-sensitive genotypes. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        657 - Mineral Profiling of Various Pine Nut Species Cultivated in Egypt
        Samah Sajad Kadim Muataz Mohammed Al-Taee Hamza Radhi Ammar Dham Ashwaq Talib Kareem Hussam Abdullah Abbas Majeed M. Abid
        10.22034/jon.2023.1978790.1209
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        658 - Impact of Storage Duration on Kernel Quality of Offspring of ‘Mamaei’ and ‘Marcona’ Almond Hybrids
        Mahrokh Zahedi Mousa Rasouli Ali Imani Orang Khademi Sepideh Kalateh Jari
        10.22034/jon.2023.1986830.1223
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        659 - Determination of the Best Drying Temperature of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana) after Six Months of Storage
        Milad Mousadoost Alireza Eslami Zahra Yousefi
        10.22034/jon.2018.540861
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        660 - Effects of Drought Stress on Almond Cultivars Responses Grafted on Different Rootstocks
        Abdolbaset Ranjbar Ali Imani Saeid Piri Vahid Abdoosi
        10.22034/jon.2019.664206
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        661 - The Effect of Genotype and Year on the Average Percentage of Oil Seed Content of Almond
        A. Imani A Hadadi S. Amini M Vaeizi B. Jolfaei
        10.22034/jon.2012.515729
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        662 - Screening of Almond Hybrids for Drought Tolerance Using some Morphological and Physiological Traits
        Arvin Abdini Ali Imani Mousa Rasouli Mehrshad Zinalabdini Vahid Abdoosi
        10.22034/jon.2020.673542
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        663 - Effects of Pre-germination Treatment on the Phytate and Phenolic Contents of Almond Nuts
        Liang Lin Lin Freda Xin You Giam Xin Min Foo Nadia Marie Hui Lian Yeo Charlene Jia Ling Koh Nur Hatika Binte Sa&rsquo;Aban Wai Mun Loke
        10.22034/jon.2017.530394
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        664 - Effects of Humic Acid on Root and Shoot Growth and Leaf Nutrient Contents in Seedlings of Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand
        H. Sajadian H. Hokmabadi
        10.22034/jon.2015.516320
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        665 - Selecting Drought Resistant Sweet Corn Cultivars Based on Germination Percentage and Seedling Proline Content under Osmotic Potentials Stress
        Ali Shahriari Adam B Puteh Ghizan B Saleh Anuar B Abdul Rahim
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        666 - Allelopathic Effects of Sorghum on Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) Seed Germination and Growth
        HOSSEIN MOKHTARI KARCHEGANI SEYEDEH ZAHRA HOSSEINI CICI SEYED ABDOLREZA KAZEMEINI
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        667 - Effect of Trinexapac-Ethyl Growth Inhibitor and Drought Stress on Some Morpho-Physiological Traits of Wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.)
        Hengameh Vakili Ramezan Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh Nematollah Etemadi
        10.30486/roce.2018.669083
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        668 - Investigation of yield, yield components, and seed protein content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) germplasms
        sina Siahkohian mohamad Galavi mahmod Ramroudi ahmad Nezami, Associ mostafa Heydari
        &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;In order to study the yield, yield component and seed protein content of chickpea genotypes in fall sowing, an experiment was conducted in 2006-2007 at research farm of Agricultural Institution of Zabol university .The experimental design More
        &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;In order to study the yield, yield component and seed protein content of chickpea genotypes in fall sowing, an experiment was conducted in 2006-2007 at research farm of Agricultural Institution of Zabol university .The experimental design was CRB with 4 replications. Nine genotypes including MCC49, MCC83, MCC297, MCC291, MCC349, MCC373, MCC386, MCC436, MCC509, and a local sample were investigated. Results showed that the genotypes have significant variations at all traits. With regard to main stem number per plant, MCC436 had the maximum and MCC386 had minimum amount by 2.83 and 1.25 respectively. The maximum and minimum number of secondary branch per plant, were observed in MCC436 and MCC509 respectively. The local sample appeared most late maturing period, maximum 100 grain weight (32 gr) and had the third rank by yielding 1068 kg/ha . The MCC373 was the earliest maturing genotype. The maximum pod number per plant and seed yield (1126 kg/ha) obtained by MCC436 genotype. Protein content was statistically differ among the genotypes, it varies from 16.3-23.4 and belongs to MCC207 and MCC509 respectively. The results showed that MCC436 had the high fitness, in comparison with others. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        669 - The examination of quantity and segregation of N fertilizer on amylase and protein percents of rice seed
        S. Mashayekhi A. Fallah H. Madani N. Sajedi
        The amylase and protein percents may be influenced by elemental nitrogen and its segregation in paddy fields. With this regard, a field experiment was done to examining the quantity and segregation of nitrogen fertilizer effects on some seed quality traits of local Taro More
        The amylase and protein percents may be influenced by elemental nitrogen and its segregation in paddy fields. With this regard, a field experiment was done to examining the quantity and segregation of nitrogen fertilizer effects on some seed quality traits of local Tarom variety. Experiment was done as factorial design based on RCBD with three replications during 2007-2008 in country&rsquo;s rice research institute in Amol. Treatments were selected three levels of nitrogen (23, 46 and 69 kg/ha) as first factor and three nitrogen segregation which applied in different growth stage as second factor. The results showed that the rice seed's amylase content decreased with the increase of N using segregation procedure. The highest protein percent was obtained with the use of 69 kg/ha N and with the implementation of two segregation stages, the protein percent increased more than other treatments, and the best treatment combination was two segregations of nitrogen application. When the rate of nitrogen was increased, the yield of seed was increased too. Whatever has increased the number of segregation of nitrogen, the rate of yield also has increased. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        670 - Competition effects of lambs quarters (Chenopodium album) on physiological characteristics and rapeseed yield (Brassica napus cv. Hyolla 401)
        B. Mirshekari
        &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In order to determination of effects of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) on physiological characteristics and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), cv. Hyolla, a factorial experiment was carried out. Factors were wee More
        &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In order to determination of effects of lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) on physiological characteristics and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), cv. Hyolla, a factorial experiment was carried out. Factors were weed densities (4, 8 and 12 plants per meterof row) and relative time of weed emergence (emerged with rapeseed, 15 and 30 days after crop emergence). Crop leaf area index decreased from 3.1 in control to 1.4 in full season interference of 12 weeds per meterof row (121% reduction). Regarding to leaf chlorophyle content, difference between treatments of full season interference of 12 weeds and control was significant. Rapeseed green cover was the highest, when weed emerged 30 days after crop. Crop yield reduced 47%, compared with control, when 12 weeds competed with crop until late growth season. Rapeseed green cover, thousands seed weight and fruit number per plant could totally explain 895 of crop yield changes. Threshold of economical damage of lambsquarter in rapeseed field was in 4 weeds per meter of crop row in 30 days after emergence. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        671 - Effect of pH on Separation of Solid Content from Paint Contained Wastewater by a Coagulant-flocculant Compound
        Mojtaba Semnani Rahbar Eskandar Alipour Reza Eskandari Sedighi Safoora Sajad Marzieh mohamadiani
        10.22034/jchr.2018.544055
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        672 - Contents of Aerial Parts of Salvia leriifolia Benth
        Zahra Hosseinpoor Mohsen Abadi Behnam Mahdavi Esmaeil Rezaei-Seresht
        10.22034/jchr.2016.544146
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        673 - Sensitive Detection of Melamine in Infant Milk and Coffee Mate by a Buffer Mediated Extraction and HPLC-PDA Analytical Method
        Maryam Rezai Behrouz Akbari-adergani Maryam Shekarchi
        10.22034/jchr.2018.544083
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        674 - Study of the Knowledge and Content Flows of Articles in the Journal of Advances in Finance and Investment
        kazem Dehnad Abtin Boostani Hamid Ghandi
        10.30495/afi.2023.1990805.1238
        Purpose: The aim of this research was to examine the scholarly and content trends of articles published in the journal "Advances in Finance and Investment," as one of the scientific publications in the field of finance and investment in Iran, from its inception until th More
        Purpose: The aim of this research was to examine the scholarly and content trends of articles published in the journal "Advances in Finance and Investment," as one of the scientific publications in the field of finance and investment in Iran, from its inception until the end of 1401. Through identifying the characteristics of the information recorded in the articles, this study assists journal managers in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the journal.Research Methodology: This study employed a quantitative content analysis method and falls under the domain of scientometrics. The statistical population of the research included all articles published in the journal "Advances in Finance and Investment," and they were all selected as the sample. The data were collected using bibliographic citation analysis and were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel.Findings: The results of the research indicated that during the 3-year period under investigation, there were 60 published article titles with the participation of 170 authors. Among these authors, 66% held specialized doctoral degrees, and 18% were doctoral students, placing them at the top of the list of authors in this journal. Furthermore, the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, held the foremost position with 9 published articles, while the Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran South, Damavand, and Masjed Soleiman each held the second position with 8 published articles. In terms of the thematic focus of the articles, 28% of the works were related to investment and markets, followed by financial markets and institutions with 27%. Additionally, out of a total of 2,308 cited sources in the articles, 73% were in English, and 27% were in Persian.Originality/Value: This research possesses both originality and scientific value, as it provided reliable results about the articles in the journal "Advances in Finance and Investment" using a quantitative content analysis approach. The information obtained from this study helps journal managers improve the scholarly and content trends of the journal and identify its strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, through the examination of author participation in terms of specialization and the ranking of universities and educational institutions, this research has substantiated its scientific and practical value. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        675 - Ability of Machine Learning Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks in Predicting Accounting Profit Information Content Before Announcing
        Hossein Alizadeh Majid Zanjirdar Gholam Ali Haji
        10.30495/afi.2023.1962857.1137
        Purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate the capability of artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine and Random Forest, in predicting the information content of accounting profits before its announcement in a More
        Purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate the capability of artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine and Random Forest, in predicting the information content of accounting profits before its announcement in accepted companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period from 2015 to 2020.Methodology: Daily data required for the research were collected using Rahnaward-e-Novin software, and a systematic random sampling method was used to select 88 companies. MATLAB was used for modeling artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms, and Python code was employed to calculate abnormal returns in neural networks and machine learning algorithms. The information content of profits was measured through the test of the relationship between profits and abnormal returns, based on the model by Porti et al. (2018). The input variables for artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms are technical indicators. Accuracy, precision, recall, and F-score metrics were used for performance evaluation.Findings: The results of predicting with three models of artificial neural networks, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest showed that Support Vector Machine and Random Forest had higher accuracy than artificial neural networks in predicting buy, sell, and hold strategies, and only Support Vector Machine had the ability to predict the information content of profits among the three models.Originality / Value: Designing a predictive model for stock price movements in the next trading day using artificial neural networks, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest as the main innovation of the research. The research findings can increase the speed of information dissemination to the market and attract it, which will reduce the impact of informational asymmetry and information-based trading and ultimately enhance market efficiency. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        676 - Factors to identify the financial effect in the social security organization's performance evaluation system with a textual analytical approach
        Hossein Ahmadi Khatir Mojtaba Tabari Mohammadreza Bagherzadeh
        10.30495/afi.2023.1982170.1206
        Objective: During the last decade, many organizations have realized that they lack a performance evaluation system through which their priorities and goals can be communicated to employees and their improvement can be pursued. The purpose of this research is to identify More
        Objective: During the last decade, many organizations have realized that they lack a performance evaluation system through which their priorities and goals can be communicated to employees and their improvement can be pursued. The purpose of this research is to identify the effective financial factors in the performance evaluation system of the social security organization with the textual content analysis approach, which is in the field of applied research.Research Methodology: The statistical population of upstream documents and records and articles and theses related to this field, which consisted of 12 Persian articles and 13 Latin articles. The sampling method is snowball and the method of collecting information is library and the research method is textual content analysis. Most of the qualitative methodologists, instead of using the words validity and reliability, which are fundamentally rooted in the quantitative paradigm in terms of philosophical foundations, use the criterion of reliability or reliability to refer to the evaluation of the quality of qualitative results. In this research, the strategies of ensuring trustworthiness, acceptability, transferability, reliability and verifiability have been used.Findings: After coding, conceptualization and categorization, financial factors were finally identified. The results of the analysis of the textual content of the articles showed that the financial factors affecting the evaluation of the social security organization's performance are 68 criteria.Originality / Value:‌ Institutions and executive organizations with any mission, goal and vision are required to respond to customers, stakeholders and stakeholders. This cannot be achieved except by the complete and accurate implementation of tasks and activities in order to achieve the goals and development and excellence of the organization, therefore, reviewing the performance results is considered an important strategic process. The quality and effectiveness of management and performance is the determining and vital factor for the realization of organizational development plans. To evaluate the performance of organizations and determine the degree of success in achieving the set goals, there are several criteria and tools that are chosen according to the nature of the organizational system and its success. In this research, the financial factors that are effective in the performance evaluation system of the social security organization were identified in a completely practical way. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        677 - Aesthetic Pathology of Modern Poetry
        Fatemeh Heidari Arash Moshfaghi
        Abstract Modern poetry has evolved in its field of content and conceptual approaches along with its form and has eventually ended in the highlight of poetry. These highlightings are innovations for some scholars and damages for the others. Without over a thousand year More
        Abstract Modern poetry has evolved in its field of content and conceptual approaches along with its form and has eventually ended in the highlight of poetry. These highlightings are innovations for some scholars and damages for the others. Without over a thousand year historical and artistic background or Persian literature, has modern poetry been affected and therefore suffers several defects that could be put into categories of form and content. The present study aims to investigate the defects of form and content in the areas of vocabulary, colloquial language, semantic, syntax, contents etc. all of which are discussed as far as possible, through examples from poems written by Nima Yooshij, Mehdi Akhavan Sales, Sohrab Sepehri, Ahmad Shamloo, Forough Farrokhzad, Tehereh Saffar Zadeh etc. So that the roots and origins of these qualitative and quantitative weaknesses from the point of view of aesthetic pathology be clarified. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        678 - Priority of Content to Form in Classic Minimality of Iran from the View Point of the Marzbannameh & the Siasatnameh
        Fariba Namdari Shahin Ojaghali Zadeh
        Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Through the exploration of classical works of Iran, some modern literary species can be seen completely to comply with its components and structure, a sample of which is the minimal story and inc More
        Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Through the exploration of classical works of Iran, some modern literary species can be seen completely to comply with its components and structure, a sample of which is the minimal story and includes a complete story but in the shortest level it includes maintaining the nature of the story. On the other hand, in classical works of Iran including poetry and prose, due to the combination of literature with religious, mystical thoughts, usually the content takes priority to form. This is a trend in our classic poetry, its narrative poetry is so powerful that much of it looks like lay. In this condition, story with powerful content and intangible form will be more effective compared to poetry affected by content and form sides of story including preparation of characters and mixing them with themes has become stereotype and are treated like quotations. Of course this subject does not have any research record but for minimal in classic literature, some papers were published that through library research method and content analysis, it is tried to discuss the priority of content to form in three aspects to handle characterizing , lay out , and theme. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        679 - Presenting a Sustainable Productivity Model in the Development of Strategic Management of Human Resources (Case Study: Bank Maskan)
        Saeid Shaker Amir Babak Marjani Masoud Haghigi
        The aim of this study was to provide a sustainable productivity model for the development of strategic human resource management in the Bank Maskan (Housing Bank). The type of research was applied in terms of developmental purpose and applied in terms of result and cont More
        The aim of this study was to provide a sustainable productivity model for the development of strategic human resource management in the Bank Maskan (Housing Bank). The type of research was applied in terms of developmental purpose and applied in terms of result and content analysis method was used in terms of data analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of 14 university experts, senior managers and experts of Bank Maskan who were selected by judgmental and purposeful sampling. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity of the interviews was confirmed by triangulation and its reliability was confirmed by the correlation between the two coders. Based on the obtained results, by analyzing the theme, 8 comprehensive themes were identified in the form of 20 organizing themes, which were taken from 62 basic themes, these overarching themes include human factors, managerial factors, organizational factors, technological factors, environmental physical and psychological factors, economic and social factors, efficiency and effectiveness in order of important. In total, the sustainable productivity model for the development of strategic human resource management in the Bank Maskan has 8 dimensions, 20 components and 62 indicators Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        680 - Explaining Strategic Alliance Sustainability Pattern with Exploratory Mixed Method
        Mohamad Dostar Ghadir Shakiba
        The inefficiency and premature collapse of strategic alliances has prompted executives in this field to pursue coherent programs to prevent alliances instability and because of that, sustainability and durability of strategic alliances has become an important issue for More
        The inefficiency and premature collapse of strategic alliances has prompted executives in this field to pursue coherent programs to prevent alliances instability and because of that, sustainability and durability of strategic alliances has become an important issue for active organizations in this field. The purpose of this study is to achieve a comprehensive strategic alliance sustainability model to present a roadmap for maintaining strategic alliances, implement them successfully and provide an efficient and effective framework for managers of this field. The exploratory hybrid method was used due to the complexity of the strategic alliance process and because of the presentation of the native model, and for this purpose, by combining qualitative and quantitative data, deep understanding of the phenomenon and the generalizability of the results of the research were possible together. In order to identify the influential factors in each stage of the strategic alliance process, using content analysis methodology, experts from this field were interviewed including senior executives of strategic alliances and academics professors active in this field and in the next section, for expanding the generalizability by using the quantitative method, the questionnaire was designed and distributed among a wider range of managers in the various Iranian alliances and finally, the comprehensive strategic stability model of alliances was extracted using structural equation modeling. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        681 - The Impact of Strategy Process and Strategy Content on Organizational Agility and Performance: The Mediating Role of Strategic Alignment
        Arezoo Zamany Mehrdad Hosseini Shakib Abbas Khamseh
        In the literature of strategic management, strategic alignment has been recognized as an appropriate way to improve the performance, interaction and coordination between organization units and to create value in a competitive environment. In present business environment More
        In the literature of strategic management, strategic alignment has been recognized as an appropriate way to improve the performance, interaction and coordination between organization units and to create value in a competitive environment. In present business environment the most investment in organizations is in information technology, therefore organizations have no choice but to use information technology as a strategic resource to achieve their strategic goals, so the concept of aligning information technology strategies and business strategies becomes more important. Most research papers on strategic topics fall into two categories: process and content researches. Both groups have sought to establish a link between strategic decisions and performance, but the relative nature and intensity of this link remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the contribution of strategy process and strategy content in the impact of strategic alignment on performance and agility in the automotive industry. This study is categorized as applied and descriptive. Data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity was estimated by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical population of the study is consisted of managers, supervisors and experts of strategic management and IT departments of Iran Khodro and Saipa companies. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) have been used by AMOS. The findings show that the strategy process and strategy content have a significant impact on the performance and agility of these companies considering the mediating role of strategic alignment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        682 - the expression effects of drought Stress on growth and physiological characteristics of wild and agronomy wheat genotypes
        nafiseh mahdinezhad Homeyra Shahi
        In order to study The Effects of drought Stress in response of wheat cultivars and wild genotype, a factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design in pot with three replications at 2017-2018 years. The wheat cultivars including (Bolani, behrang, sh More
        In order to study The Effects of drought Stress in response of wheat cultivars and wild genotype, a factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design in pot with three replications at 2017-2018 years. The wheat cultivars including (Bolani, behrang, shabrang, sistan) and wild (urartu, tauschii, speltoides) were as the first factor and irrigation treatment with three levels consisted of normal (80% of water holding capacity of soil), mild stress (60%) and severe stress (40%) was as the second factor. Physiological studies include: chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, Water Use Efficiency, Leaf Relative water content and the was morphological: dry matter production (dry weight of plants), stem dry weight, stem fresh weight, Root dry weight, Root fresh weight, stem length and Rott length. Analysis of variance showed that simple effect of drought stress had a significant effect on the traits chlorophyll a and b, total, carotenoids, stem dry weight, plant dry weight of plant , leaf relative water contwnt, water use efficiency and also on stem length, stem fresh weight characteristics and Root dry weight. The result of the mean comparison showed that the tolerant cultivaers had the highest stem fresh weight, plant dry weight of plant, Leaf Relative water content and Water Use Efficiency. Comparison of cultivars and wild: cultiwars of Bolani and tauschii wild life showed more resistance. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        683 - analysis of Association among ISSR Markers and Important Traits in Different Soybean Cultivars by Regression Method
        zahra malekmohamadi hosein sabori abas beyabani ebrahim hezarjaribi ahmadreza dadras
        .One of the big advances in identifying markers is the identification of continuous markers with agronomic traits, as well as the value of markers in the analysis of heritability of traits in crops is specified. In this study was assessed, the relationship between agron More
        .One of the big advances in identifying markers is the identification of continuous markers with agronomic traits, as well as the value of markers in the analysis of heritability of traits in crops is specified. In this study was assessed, the relationship between agronomic traits and molecular marker ISSR in different genotypes of soybean. The genetic diversity different genotypes of soybean by using the 10 ISSR primer showed that Among 68 amplified fragment of cultivars were generated, 34 fragments were ploy morphic. PIC values varied between 0.147 to 0.058 for primers. Maximum level of marker index obtained for primer PRI-6 with value of 8.39 which indicating a higher resolution of this primer than the other. Association analysis was performed using structure matrix and statistical models of GLM and MLM by using TASSEL software for 21 variables. The MLM model in 5 percent probability level identified 6 markers related to evaluated traits. According to the results of Association analysis the highest of coefficient determination was for ISSR9-2 with 0.21 percent explanation of variation of number main branch. A total of, due to the high genetic diversity statistics, the ISSR10-1, ISSR2-3 and ISSR2-4 markers can be used to other breeding programs Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        684 - Presenting a model of favorable organizational culture of Tehran Municipality Cultural and Art Organization
        abbas ghorbani fomeshi abbas ali ghayomi
        The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions and factors affecting the promotion of organizational culture (Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality. The method used in this study was descriptive-analytical and quantitative in terms of analysis More
        The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions and factors affecting the promotion of organizational culture (Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality. The method used in this study was descriptive-analytical and quantitative in terms of analysis tools. The statistical population and sample size include two sections of the staff of Tehran Municipality Cultural and Art Organization (population 4000 and sample size equal to 350 people) and management experts (sample of 15 cases). Three models of factor analysis, fuzzy AHP and fuzzy dimtel have been used to investigate different aspects of the importance of organizational culture indicators. Factor analysis shows that 8 combination factors are involved in shaping the organizational culture (combination of 56 items). Then, using the fuzzy HP method, 5 items were entered into the fuzzy demitel matrix as indicators with the highest rank. The results showed the main effect of risk index on other indicators (creativity and innovation, risk, the effect of decision results on employees, team attention and ambition and daring). As a result, based on identifying the variables studied in the present study and considering the important role of risk index in promoting other components of organizational culture, it is proposed to draw an index-based climate in the organization based on cultural factors. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        685 - Content Analysis of the First Secondary schoolThinking and Life Style Textbooks on the Basis of Paying Attention to Components of the Cultural Capital
        mohammad herfati sobhani Moosa Piri
        The purpose of the present research was the studying the degree of attention paid to components of the cultural capital in the first secondary school Thinking and Life Style textbooks. the present study is an applied and according method is quantitative that were used d More
        The purpose of the present research was the studying the degree of attention paid to components of the cultural capital in the first secondary school Thinking and Life Style textbooks. the present study is an applied and according method is quantitative that were used descriptive and content analysis research method due to the nature of study.The population included in all content of first secondary schoolThinking and Life Style textbooks during 2015-2016 school year. The sample was equal population. The tool of research included in the self mode content analysis check-list cultural capital with regard to Bourdieu's theories that for estimate check-list validity, were used content validity. Reliability through scott method was calculated for l 89/45 percent . Frequency measurement method and Shannon entropy were used for data analysis. The findings study showed that the institutionalized component has the least degree of attention. Objectified component has sufficient coefficient Partially While the embodied component in spite The most relevant in Thinking and Lifestyle books No rightful place. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        686 - Study and Evaluation of Components of Religious Bioethics in Elementary School Science Textbooks
        hamid reza khaledi akbar rahnama mohsen farahani
        The aim of this study has been to review the textbooks of experimental sciences in elementary school in terms of attention to the components of bioethics. The research method in this research work is content analysis. Society and statistical sample in this research are More
        The aim of this study has been to review the textbooks of experimental sciences in elementary school in terms of attention to the components of bioethics. The research method in this research work is content analysis. Society and statistical sample in this research are science books for the first to sixth years of elementary school, in which all the contents of the books, including: writings, pictures, questions, assignments and experiments, have been examined.&nbsp;Content analysis table is prepared using bioethics components based on 4 basic principles including the principle of justice, the principle of satisfaction, the principle of non-harmlessness and the principle of individual independence with respect to privacy, personal and social status and sovereignty. The results of this study indicate that out of a total of 4475 analyzable propositions, 648 propositions (15%) refer to the basic principles of bioethics. The principle of justice with 220 propositions (4.9%), the principle of satisfaction with 218 propositions (4.8%), the principle of no harm with 210 propositions (4.7%) and the principle of privacy, personal and social dignity and sovereignty with 12 propositions (0.2%) has been raised. The results also show that there is no necessary coherence in compiling books in terms of content coherence and in some academic years one or more components of bioethics have not been considered. And in terms of how to present the concepts in different academic years in the form of text, images and questions, there has been no necessary care Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        687 - Evaluation of germination and some morphophysiological traits of Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) under salinity stress
        Azam Jamshidizadeh Masuomeh Farzaneh Afrasiab Rahnama ghahfarokhi Fatemeh Nasernakhaei
        In order to investigate the germination and growth characteristics of Prosopis farcta two experiments were conducted separately, under salinity stress. Germination experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 9 levels of salinity stresses (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 More
        In order to investigate the germination and growth characteristics of Prosopis farcta two experiments were conducted separately, under salinity stress. Germination experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 9 levels of salinity stresses (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 dS/m-1 concentrations) with four replications in lab. Seedling experiment was performed in a random complete block design consisted of five levels of concentration (tap water, 10, 20, 30 and 40 dS/m-1) with three replications as pot in non-shade greenhouse of Agricultural College of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. The results showed that by rising salt to 20 dS/m-1, declined percentage germination, Radicle length, Plumule length and seedling dry weight about 50%. Salinity stress data were fitted to a three-parameter logistic for seedling stage, showed salinity level more than 30.82 dS/m-1 led to 50 percent reduction of shoot dry weight. It found that 20.37 and 27.53 dS/m-1 caused a 50% decrease in dry weight and long of main root recpectively. Sustainment 50% of the relative water content of the leaf and 78% root branches in high salinity levels (50 dS/m-1) can be sign of high tolerance to this plant at high salinity concentrations. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        688 - Evaluation of germination and some morph physiological traits of Prosopisfarcta (Banks & Sol.) under salinity stress
        Azam Jamshidizadeh masoumeh Farzaneh afrasiab Rahnama ghahfarokhi fatemeh Nasernakhaei
        In order to investigate the germination and growth characteristics of Prosopisfarcta two experiments were conducted separately, under salinity stress. Germination experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 9 levels of salinity stresses (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, More
        In order to investigate the germination and growth characteristics of Prosopisfarcta two experiments were conducted separately, under salinity stress. Germination experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 9 levels of salinity stresses (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 dS.m-1 concentrations) with four replications in lab. Seedling experiment was performed in a random complete block design consisted of five levels of concentration (tap water, 10, 20, 30 and 40 dS.m-1) with three replications as pot in non-shade greenhouse of Agricultural College of ShahidChamran University of Ahvaz.The results showed that by rising salt to 20 dS.m-1, declined percentage germination, Radicle length, Plumule length and seedling dry weight about 50%. Salinity stress data were fitted to a three-parameter logistic for seedling stage, showed salinity level more than 30.82 dS/m-1 led to 50 percent reduction of shoot dry weight. It found that 20.37 and 27.53 dS.m-1 caused a 50% decrease in dry weight and long of main root recpectively. Sustainment 50% of the relative water content of the leaf and 78% root branches in high salinity levels (50 dS.m-1) can be sign of high tolerance to this plant at high salinity concentrations.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        689 - Evaluation of germination and some morph physiological traits of Prosopisfarcta (Banks & Sol.) under salinity stress.
        faizallah Khalaj Mohammad Nasri farshad Ghoshchi hamidreza TohidiMoghadam pourang Kasraei
        In order to investigate the germination and growth characteristics of Prosopisfarcta two experiments were conducted separately, under salinity stress. Germination experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 9 levels of salinity stresses (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, More
        In order to investigate the germination and growth characteristics of Prosopisfarcta two experiments were conducted separately, under salinity stress. Germination experiment was done in a completely randomized design with 9 levels of salinity stresses (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 dS.m-1 concentrations) with four replications in lab. Seedling experiment was performed in a random complete block design consisted of five levels of concentration (tap water, 10, 20, 30 and 40 dS.m-1) with three replications as pot in non-shade greenhouse of Agricultural College of ShahidChamran University of Ahvaz.The results showed that by rising salt to 20 dS.m-1, declined percentage germination, Radicle length, Plumule length and seedling dry weight about 50%. Salinity stress data were fitted to a three-parameter logistic for seedling stage, showed salinity level more than 30.82 dS/m-1 led to 50 percent reduction of shoot dry weight. It found that 20.37 and 27.53 dS.m-1 caused a 50% decrease in dry weight and long of main root recpectively. Sustainment 50% of the relative water content of the leaf and 78% root branches in high salinity levels (50 dS.m-1) can be sign of high tolerance to this plant at high salinity concentrations. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        690 - Effect of super absorbent polymer on the morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under water deficit stress
        Mohammad Reza Kazemi Farshad Ghooshchi Pourang Kasraei
        This experiment studies the effects of super-physiological characteristics of wheat in drought conditions for split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot including different levels of water deficit stress (60, 90 and 120 mm evapor More
        This experiment studies the effects of super-physiological characteristics of wheat in drought conditions for split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot including different levels of water deficit stress (60, 90 and 120 mm evaporation) and sub plot different amounts of polymer (zero, 15, 30 and 45 kg per ha).30 percent and biomass yield in the order of 6.42 and 10.94 percent increase compared to control polymer. In conditions of severe stress high level of polymer leads to a significant decrease in enzyme activity guaiacol (1.5 times), ascorbate peroxidase (63%), catalase (30%) and glutathione reductase (71%) compared to conditions without polymer. Even moderate levels of water stress leads to a significant reduction in chlorophyll a and b (15 and 24 percent respectively compared to control) was. But more drastic reduction in the amount of chlorophyll a and b in severe water deficit stress levels were observed (38.7, 51% reduction compared to control treatment). Using high polymer surfaces, 30 and 45 kg ha chlorophyll in plants to form a 13.42 and 20.13 percent respectively. Mild stress higher levels of polymers in organic solute had almost the same effect. While severe stress positive impact polymer was 45 kg per hector higher than 30 kg per hectare, and the accumulation of soluble sugars and proline able to hold even under mild stress. The high polymer membrane lipid peroxidation rate decreased, resulting in the production of malondialdehyde as compared to controls 53 percent. Superabsorbent polymer on grain weight, biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, guaiacol peroxidase enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase was significant, and in Kalataz the interaction is not significant. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        691 - The effect of putrescine foliar application on physiologic characteristics of wheat Tiriticum aestivum var sw-82-9 under cut irrigation stress
        zahra Karimi Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam Pourang Kasraee
        This experiment was conducted to effect of putrescine foliar application on physiologic characteristics of wheat (Tiriticum aestivum var sw-82-9) under water deficit stress as split pilot arrangement and randomized complete block design with three replication ( 12 plots More
        This experiment was conducted to effect of putrescine foliar application on physiologic characteristics of wheat (Tiriticum aestivum var sw-82-9) under water deficit stress as split pilot arrangement and randomized complete block design with three replication ( 12 plots) at Islamic Azad University farm. The main split including four irrigation levels: normal irrigation, withholding irrigation in stem elongation , withholding irrigation in flowering and withholding irrigation in grain filling and the secondary plot including foliar application&nbsp; with purred water, Putrescine foliar applications with 75 and 150 ppm.The maximum protein yield and percent was in grain filling and foliar application of putrescine (150 ppm) with 509.8 kg.ha-1&nbsp; and 8.61% whereas minimum protein yield was in withholding irrigation in flowering with 387.03 and 6.5 % .Withholding irrigation in different stages of plant lifespan decreased chlorophyll a,b , a+b contents and relative water contents whereas increased protein content, proline and electrical conductivity. Putrescine foliar applications with 150 ppm improved all the mentioned characteristics to normal irrigation Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        692 - The effects of foliar application of Glycine Betaine on yield and physiological variables of rapeseed (Brassica Nupus L.) under different irrigation regimes
        Mohsen Bourboor meysam oveysi Mohammad Nasri
        The aim of current study was to study the effect of glycine betaine spraying under different levels of available water on agronomical and physiological attributes of rapeseed (Brassica unpus L.) plants. In this respect an experiment was conducted in randomized complete More
        The aim of current study was to study the effect of glycine betaine spraying under different levels of available water on agronomical and physiological attributes of rapeseed (Brassica unpus L.) plants. In this respect an experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design in three replications as split plot in research field of Varamin Islamic Azad University. The factors included irrigation at three levels (I1-normal irrigation, 60 mm tub evaporation, I2-mild stress, 90 mm tub evaporation and I3 &ndash; sever stress, 120 mm tub evaporation) and glycine betaine (GB) at four levels (B1 &ndash; pure water (without GB), B2 &ndash; 1.5 /1000, B3 &ndash; 2/1000, and B4 &ndash; 2.5 /1000). The interaction between two factor on grain yield, content of chlorophyll a and b, glycine betaine, malon dealdehyde (MDA) was significant. In general, higher concentration of GB as foliar spray especially under lower soil moisture level led to higher grain yield and higher content of measured variables (except MDA). The interaction effect on prolin content and relative water content (RWC) wasn&rsquo;t significant but simple effects of irrigation and foliar GB were significant. The highest values of RWC (80.87 %) and prolin (15.7 &micro;mol.g.FW) respectively were observed by using 2.5/1000 and 1.5/1000 concentrations of GB. The lowest values proline was showed by using 2.5 / 1000 concentration of GB. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        693 - Effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid (vitamin c) and irrigation withholding in different growth stages on quantitative and qualitative characteristics and some biochemical's changes in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
        Malahat Davoodi Mackinejad Hamid Reza Tohidi Moghadam Nabi-Alah Nemati
        In order to study the effects of water deficit stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid, an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch in Iran during 2012 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomiz More
        In order to study the effects of water deficit stress and foliar application of ascorbic acid, an experiment was conducted in research field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin Branch in Iran during 2012 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomized complete block design with a split plots arrangement in three replications. Main plots included four different levels of irrigation (complete irrigation, irrigation withholding at 8-leaf stage, irrigation withholding at grain filling stage and irrigation withholding at both 8-leaf and grain filling stages) and three different concentration of Ascorbic Acid foliar application (0, 100 and 200 ppm) was allocated to subplots. The results showed that irrigation withholding conditions in different growth stages significantly decreased seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil and protein percentage, oil and protein yield and total chlorophyll content but by contrast increased proline content and superoxide dismutase activity in leaves. Foliar application of ascorbic acid as antioxidant enzyme could increased quantitative and qualitative yield and chlorophyll content and decreased proline and superoxide dismutase activity in leaves by reduction of water deficit stress. Foliar application of Ascorbic Acid with 200 ppm under irrigation withholding at both 8-leaf and grain filling stages increased 38/46% yield seed compared with treatment that foliar application without Ascorbic Acid. In addition, Ascorbic Acid foliar application reduced the harmful effects of water deficit stress as antioxidant and improved growth conditions for water deficit stress. &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        694 - Effect of defoliation and on morphophysiological characteristics under drought stress condition in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)
        Mohsen Porahmadi Rahim Honarnejad meysam oveysi
        In order to investigate effect of drought stress and defoliation on sorghum an experiment were conducted in form of split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications at field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch in 2011. Treatments are in More
        In order to investigate effect of drought stress and defoliation on sorghum an experiment were conducted in form of split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications at field of Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch in 2011. Treatments are include drought stress in three levels (irrigation after 50, 90 and 130 mm evaporation from pan class A) and defoliation in three level (Control, Defoliation 33 and 66). The results showed that drought stress had significant effect on leaf area at floury stage, Biological yield, grain yield, harvest index, lead fresh and dry weight at flowering stage, stem fresh weight at flowering stage, leaf dry weight at floury stage, stem fresh and dry weight at floury stage, flower dry weight at floury stage, stem length at floury stage, thousand seed weight, panicle length at floury stage, stem diameter, dry weight at physiologic maturity. Defoliation showed significant difference on leaf area at flowering and floury stage, biologic yield, grain yield, harvest index, flower fresh and dry weight at flowering stage, stem dry weight at flowering stage leaf fresh and dry weight at floury stage, stem fresh and dry weight at flowering stage, flower fresh and dry weight at floury stage, thousand seed weight, panicle length at floury stage, stem diameter, dry weight at physiologic maturity. Chlorophyll amount, EC, biological yield, panicle length at flowering and flouring stage under drought stress in contrast to normal irrigation decreased respectively 5, 36, 5, 3 and 3. By increasing in water deficit and Defoliation decreased plant morphologic and physiologic characteristics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        695 - A TRAFFIC-AWARE MECHANISM TO ADJUST CONTENTION WINDOW IN 802.11E WIRELESS LANS
        Azadeh Pirhayati Mohammad Nassiri
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        696 - Effect of foliar application of humic acid micronutrients and cytokinin on yield and some quality traits of Italian basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under hydroponic cultivations
        Roma Kalhor. monfared Mohamad Nabi.ilkayi Farzad Paknejad
        &nbsp;One of the most important applications of nanotechnology in agriculture is the use of Nanofertilizers to feed plants to improve plant nutrition and minimize the costs of environmentalprotection, and hydroponic cultivation, due to the lack of environmental pollutio More
        &nbsp;One of the most important applications of nanotechnology in agriculture is the use of Nanofertilizers to feed plants to improve plant nutrition and minimize the costs of environmentalprotection, and hydroponic cultivation, due to the lack of environmental pollution to the soil, isa suitable method. To produce agricultural products. For this purpose, a factorial study wasconducted in the form of a complete randomized design with three replications in a greenhouselocated in Nazarabad, Karaj, on Italian basil as hydroponic cultivation. The treatments of thisexperiment include foliar application of humic acid at three levels (no consumption control ascontrol, 500, 1000 mg.l-1), foliar application of micronutrients at three levels (0, iron Nanochelate and zinc Nano chelate) and solution Spray of cytokinin hormone was at two levels (0and 100 &mu;M). The results showed that after increasing in humic acid concentration, the yieldand quality traits of Italian basil increased and foliar application of micronutrients (iron andzinc) as well as cytokinin hormone increased the traits studied compared to the control. Humicacid 1000 mg.l-1 &times; Nano-chelate on &times; cytokinin leads to an increase of 39.99% and also theinteraction of humic acid 1000 mg/l iron Nano-chelate &times; cytokinin gained to 115.34% increasein plant dry weight ratio Witnessed.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        697 - The role of growth promoters in improvement of yield and physiological properties of Red bean under different irrigation levels
        M.K. Aliloo محسن Roshdi S. Rezadoost J. Khalili Mahaleh
        &nbsp;An experiment in the form of split-plot design with randomized complete blocks was performedin three replications in Pyrmosi village of Khoi city during 1400 in order to evaluate theresponse of yield and physiological properties of red beans to the application of More
        &nbsp;An experiment in the form of split-plot design with randomized complete blocks was performedin three replications in Pyrmosi village of Khoi city during 1400 in order to evaluate theresponse of yield and physiological properties of red beans to the application of growthpromoters under different irrigation levels. Irrigation was considered as the main factor in threeirrigation levels, i.e., once in 8, 11 and 14 days, and the growth promoting compounds wereviewed as the secondary factors in 5 levels, i.e., the use of humic acid mixed with irrigationwater, amino acid foliar spraying, rooting stimulant, potassium and non-use of growthpromoters was (control). The results of analysis of variance indicated that irrigation had asignificant impact on all the traits studied, and the growth promoters affected the leaf relativewater content, chlorophyll a, protein percentage, number of lateral branches, seed yield, andharvest index significantly. The interaction of the two factors had significant effects on thenumber of lateral branches, seed yield, harvest index, and seed protein percentage. Theapplication of humic acid resulted in increased seed yield, and as the water deficit increased, theeffect of humic acid on increasing seed yield became significant. The highest seed yield was3076.12 kg per hectare observed in the irrigation level of once every 8 days and under thehumic acid treatment, and the lowest level of this trait was 1220.96 kg observed in the irrigationlevel of once 14 days and under the control treatment. It seems that increased irrigation intervalduring the growing season led to yield loss and degradation of physiological properties such asleaf area index, chlorophyll, and leaf relative water content, and the use of compounds such ashumic acid moderated the decreasing drought stress effects to some extent.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        698 - Effect of different tillage methods and herbicides application on qualitative and quantitative traits of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Khorramabad region
        S.R Ghasemi علی Khourgami
        &nbsp;In order to study the different methods of tillage and application of herbicides on yield andyield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), this experiment was conducted inkhorammabad region in 2017 as factorial random based on complete randomized blockdesign More
        &nbsp;In order to study the different methods of tillage and application of herbicides on yield andyield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), this experiment was conducted inkhorammabad region in 2017 as factorial random based on complete randomized blockdesign with three replications. Tillage factor was considered at three levels control (I1),conservation tillage (I2), common tillage (I3) and herbicide application at 4 levels of control(m1), paraguat (m2), glyphosate (m3), mix of syncope and beta (m4). The results showedthat tillage had significant effect on protein percent, harvest index, plant number, pod numberper plant, number of seeds, grain yield, and harvest index. The results showed thatapplication of herbicide on protein percent, plant number, pod number per plant weresignificant effect but, harvest index, biological yield were not significant. In relation to tillagemanagement factor, conventional plow with 1097.7 kg/ha had the highest and control with0.906 kg/ha showed the lowest seed yield. The maximum seed yield was obtained in thecombination of treatment Sankur and Beta herbicides (1044.7 kg/ha) and the lowest (939.3kg/ha) were gained in control conditions. Interaction between tillage and planting depth(I3m4) had the highest seed yield (1110/9kg/ha) and the lowest was i1m1 with779/9 kg/ha.&nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        699 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi and compost on growth ‎characteristics of lawn (Ray grass/ Perennial ryegrass) ‎species (Lolium perenne L.)‎
        Seyed Mohsen Nabavi Kalat Parvaneh Nezamolmolki Reza Sadrabadi Haghighi
        In order to study the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and compost on some of the growth &lrm;characteristics of lawn (Ray grass/Perennial ryegrass) a greenhouse experiment was conducted &lrm;in factorial in completely randomized design with 3 replications at Plant Productio More
        In order to study the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and compost on some of the growth &lrm;characteristics of lawn (Ray grass/Perennial ryegrass) a greenhouse experiment was conducted &lrm;in factorial in completely randomized design with 3 replications at Plant Productions Center, &lrm;Mashhad Municipality, during cropping season 2015-2016, Mashhad, Iran. The factors were &lrm;included five levels of compost (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 Wt% flower pot soil) and two species of &lrm;mycorrhizal fungi in four levels (Without application (Control), Glomus intaradices, Glomus &lrm;mosseae and Glomus intaradices + Glomus mosseae). The result of variance analysis showed &lrm;that the effect of compost on all traits, and mycorrhizal fungi on leaf length, root length, root &lrm;fresh and dry weight, root length / shoot length and chlorophyll content were significant. &lrm;However the effect of interaction between the two factors on traits was not significant. Based &lrm;on mean comparison of traits, the highest amount of all traits (Expect: root length/shoot &lrm;length) were obtained by 5% compost. The highest amount of root length/shoot length &lrm;obtained by 7% compost. The most root length, root fresh and dry weight and root &lrm;length/shoot length were influenced by Glomus intaradices + Glomus mosseae application. &lrm;Overall, the results of this study showed positive effect of the application of compost on all &lrm;traits and mycorrhizal fungi on root growth characteristics of lawn.&lrm; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        700 - Study the Efficiency of Methanol Foliar Application on Some Qualitative and Physiological Traits of Safflower under Supplemental Irrigation
        Afsaneh Ghorbani Manouchehr Sayahfar Ghodratollah Shakarami
        In order to investigate the effect of supplemental irrigation and foliar application of methanol concentrations on quality, and some physiological traits of safflower, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design in three replications, More
        In order to investigate the effect of supplemental irrigation and foliar application of methanol concentrations on quality, and some physiological traits of safflower, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in a randomized complete block design in three replications, in the 2014-2015 crop year on the farm Kamalvand located 5 km from the Khorramabad Azad University. Treatment consisted of methanol at four levels (foliar application of water, methanol with a concentration of 15, 20 and 25% by volume) and supplemental irrigation at three levels (no supplemental irrigation supplementary irrigation systems and irrigation in both stage Additional Rate and grain filling stage of boll respectively). The results showed that leaf area index, relative water content, leaf greenness index in the seed stage of supplemental irrigation and grain filling, but the highest percentage of protein obtained in the absence of supplemental irrigation. The highest leaf greenness index, protein and oil content by volume of methanol at a concentration of 20% was seen, but most LAI was observed in methanol at a concentration of 25% by volume. In conclusion, in order to achieve maximum quality and quantity of supplementary irrigation in both stage and grain filling and methanol at a concentration of 20% by volume relative to the rest of the trial a more suitable. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        701 - study the effect of meters on the content and format with Comparing meter of odes of Naser Khosrow and Saadi's Sonnets
        Malek  Shoai elham javani
        Meter should be considered the most important element and common points of poem. In fact, meter is nature and the innate of a poem which some are so enamored with meter that cannot imagine poem without it. This study is trying to compare the frequency of meter of odes o More
        Meter should be considered the most important element and common points of poem. In fact, meter is nature and the innate of a poem which some are so enamored with meter that cannot imagine poem without it. This study is trying to compare the frequency of meter of odes of Naser Khosrow and Saadi's Sonnets to study the effect of meter on the content and format. In Saadi's Sonnets and odes of Naser Khosrow 18 common meters can be found. The total meters related to Saadi are 17 and total meters related to Nazer Khosrow are 6 meters which regarding the frequency of (2.63) is seen in specific meters of both Saadis' sonnets and Naser Khosrow odes.The number of Saadi's Sonnets are 2.5 times more than odes of Naser Khosrow. It in spite of can be deduced that the effect of meter is very impartial on the content and the potential meter in the poem, It can be found very weak relationship between the content and format of the sonnets and odes using of these meters considering various Factors must be analyzed that may influence this relationship. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        702 - Physiological and biochemical response of some grape cultivars to drought stress
        Mojtaba gholizadeh علی عبادی mehdi Haddadinejad Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand
        In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on the physiological and biochemical traits of six grape cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. In this experiment, More
        In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on the physiological and biochemical traits of six grape cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. In this experiment, the treatments included six Khorasani and shirazi grape varieties (Askari, Khalili, Yaquti, Pikami, Turkmen 4 and Suzak) and four levels of drought stress (normal conditions (100% of the farm capacity), low stress (75% of the farm capacity), medium stress ( 50% of farm capacity) and severe stress treatment (25% of farm capacity). The results showed that physiological and biochemical traits increased significantly with increasing stress intensity. On the other hand, the traits of relative leaf water content, membrane stability index, amount of photosynthetic pigments, and total phenol content decreased significantly with increasing stress intensity. Among the cultivars studied, the Yaqouti cultivar showed more resistance to drought than other grape cultivars in terms of the studied indices. According to the results of this research, it seems that Yaghuti cultivar is more drought tolerant than other cultivars. Since this tolerance located in leaf via active mechanisms, it is necessary to carry out additional tests when using Yaghuti as rootstock for scion of grapevine. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        703 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
        Ali Rahimi
        Identifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal More
        Identifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        704 - Strategic Protein Supplementation to Increase Milk Production in Crossbreed Cows Grazing on Tropical Pastures
        J.R.M.  Ruas P.R.M.  Conceição D.S.  Queiroz V.M.  Gomes M.D.  da Costa V.J.G.  Mota M.A.S.  Novaes G. Virginio Junior E.A.  da Silva
        This study aimed to evaluate the production and milk composition of crossbreed F1 Holstein × Zebu (1/2 H×Z) cows grazing on Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) or Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) sup-plemented with different protein concentrate. 36 H × Z cows (±514 k More
        This study aimed to evaluate the production and milk composition of crossbreed F1 Holstein × Zebu (1/2 H×Z) cows grazing on Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) or Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) sup-plemented with different protein concentrate. 36 H × Z cows (±514 kg of body weight) were used. The cows had ± 65 days in milk and were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrange-ment, i.e., two types of grass (Marandu and Tifton-85 grass), three types of protein supplementation (2.0 kg of concentrate with low rumen degradable protein; 2.0 kg of concentrate with high rumen degradable pro-tein; and no concentrate feed). Both grass produced similar amounts of forage mass, kg.h-1. The nutritional value for both grasses was also similar in all the variables analyzed, such as crude fat, crude protein, carbo-hydrates, non-fiber carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, and, acid detergent fiber. The milk yield was not affected by the different grasses used for grazing. Only the lactose content was higher in cows grazing on marandu grass than in Tifton-85 grass (P=0.032). The cows that did not receive concentrate had lower daily milk yield (P=0.010) and a lower percentage of lactose (P=0.011). In conclusion, both grasses can be used for grazing F1 ½ H × Z cows, and protein supplementation, regardless of its ruminal degradability, in this situation is necessary to increase milk production. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        705 - Content analysis of symbols and fictional allegories of writers of the second period (generation) of Bushehr; "Sadegh Chubak and Rasul Parvizi"
        Asghar Alikhani saeid mahmood saeid sadeghi عبدالله رضایی
        The province of Bushehr, situated along the Persian Gulf in southwestern Iran, holds a significant position in the literature of the country, especially in the narrative genre of the southern literary school, spanning from the first to the fourth generations of writers. More
        The province of Bushehr, situated along the Persian Gulf in southwestern Iran, holds a significant position in the literature of the country, especially in the narrative genre of the southern literary school, spanning from the first to the fourth generations of writers. Storytellers from this region, like their counterparts in other parts of Iran, have employed diverse narrative techniques in different historical periods. The literary richness of this diversity and evolution is influenced by global literature on one hand, and on the other, it is connected to the narrative traditions of classical texts in ancient Persian literature, which utilize symbolism as a means of story representation.The aim and necessity of this article are to elucidate the merits, shortcomings, and contextual reinterpretations of allegorical and symbolic content in the second era of Bushehr's literary production. Therefore, this study endeavors to analyze allegorical works in three categories: independent narratives, non-independent narratives, and the use of symbols, focusing on the period between the 1920s and 1950s. It seeks to answer the fundamental question of which allegorical expression methods the writers of this era employed and for what purposes. The outcome of this research, presented in a library-style format with a research-analytical approach, reveals that during the second Pahlavi era, "Choubak" narrates independent stories based on the undesirable social and political atmosphere of the society, while both allegory and symbolic representation are found in the stories of another writer from this period, "Parvizi." Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        706 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam aerial parts using response surface methodology
        Zineb El Jabboury Smail  Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima  Chater Uroš  Gašić Peđa  Janaćković Zora Dajic  Stevanovic Stefan  Kolašinac Meryem  Benjelloun Lahsen  El Ghadraoui
        In this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solven More
        In this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solvents and their combinations. The special cubic model explained the variance of the TPC and the antioxidant activity of the extracts at a level of R2 > 95%. In general, the analysis of the model-derived response surfaces revealed that in binary mixtures (50% ethanol + 50% methanol), the yielded values of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity increase with the water proportion of different prepared mixtures. The ability of the quaternary mixture to extract the phenolic compounds was also positively and significantly influenced by the water content, creating a mild polar medium for the extraction of phenolic compounds. The phenolic profile of different extracts under study revealed the presence of a cocktail of active ingredients, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, etc. especially the flower extract of A. visnaga (L.). Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        707 - Evaluation of Quality, Physiological Tuber Yield Traits in Potato Genotypes in Ardabil Region
        Davoud Hassanpanah احمدموسی پورگرجی
        In order to evaluate tuber yield and traits related to tuber quality, 30 potato genotypes were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Potato Research Station of the countrylocated in Ardabil city during 2021 year. During the growing More
        In order to evaluate tuber yield and traits related to tuber quality, 30 potato genotypes were studied in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Potato Research Station of the countrylocated in Ardabil city during 2021 year. During the growing season and after harvest traits of tuber yield, tuber soluble sugar amount, tuber proline amount, tuber starch percentage, tuber protein amount, tuber dry matter percentage, tuber polyphenol oxidase activities amount, tuber catalase amount, tuber superoxide dismutase amount, tuber fiber amount, tuber nitrogen amount, tuber fat amount, tuber vitamin c amount, tuber reducing sugar content, tuber eye depth, tuber shape, tuber skin and flesh color, tuber hollow heart, tuber inner ring, baking type, discolored of raw tuber flesh after 24 h and maturity were measured according to the National Guidelines for Determining the Field Value Tests. There was a significant difference between genotypes in terms of all measured traits. The highest tuber yield was related to genotypes 7009-3, Rona, Takta, 905675 and 8707-112. High-yield genotypes had higher tuber proline amount, tuber catalase amount, tuber fat amount, tuber superoxide dismutase amount and acceptable tuber reducing sugar content, tuber eye depth, tuber hollow heart very minor and the internal rust of the tuber was very low. The Rona, Takta, 905675 and 8707-112 genotypes belong to the moderately late maturity group and 7009-3 genotypes belong to the moderately early maturity group. Genotypes 7009-3 and 905675 with dry matter between 21 to 21.99% with round tuber shape, suitable for chips, 8707-112 genotype with more than 22% tuber dry matter percentage and long oval tuber shape, suitable for French-fries, Rona genotype with more than 22% tuber dry matter percentage and round oval tuber shape, suitable for chips, and and Takta genotype with a percentage of tuber dry matter between 18 to 20% with the oval round tuber shape, suitable for salads and canned were determined. Genotypes 7009-3 and Rona had the highest tuber protein and tuber vitamin c amount. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        708 - Designing and explaining the model of social responsibility of school principals
        ameneh sepahvand faranak mosavi MohammadJavad karamafrooz Susan Laay
        The importance of principals to social responsibility in schools as people-centered social organizations increases trust, commitment and social health The aim of this study was to design and explain the pattern of social responsibility of school principals. Exploratory More
        The importance of principals to social responsibility in schools as people-centered social organizations increases trust, commitment and social health The aim of this study was to design and explain the pattern of social responsibility of school principals. Exploratory mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative), the purpose of the research is development-applied. The sample size in the first stage of the qualitative part included the field of education and social and political education, the document of fundamental change in education, the executive regulations of schools, 1400, and 31 domestic and foreign articles. The sample size in the second phase of the qualitative section included the principals and deputies of the schools based on achieving theoretical saturation. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The statistical population in a small part included the principals of schools in Lorestan province in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula, 238 people. The research tool in the quantitative part of the research was a questionnaire based on the findings of the qualitative part. To ensure the validity and reliability of the method, triangulation and data alignment were performed and the CVR and CVI of the questionnaire were evaluated as appropriate. Content analysis was used to analyze the data in the qualitative part and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used in the quantitative part. The model of social responsibility of school principals with six comprehensive themes including; Cultivated responsibility, responsibility for spiritual maturity, sustainable environmental responsibility, sustainable economic responsibility, sustainable support responsibility, responsibility for social advancement was achieved In other words, these themes formed the dimensions of the pattern. Implementing the model of social responsibility of principals in schools, while helping to implement the socio-educational field of the document of fundamental change, can lead to social advancement. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        709 - A Model for the Quality of College Life with an Emphasis on Educational Facilities
        hamid mortazavi badri shahtalebi Fariba Karimi
        This study adopted a qualitative approach and applied content analysis to present a model for the quality of college life emphasizing on educational facilities. Indexed articles on the quality of college life were obtained from some prestigious academic databases in edu More
        This study adopted a qualitative approach and applied content analysis to present a model for the quality of college life emphasizing on educational facilities. Indexed articles on the quality of college life were obtained from some prestigious academic databases in education. Articles on the quality of college life published outside Iran between 1992 and 2019 and those published in national databases between 2011 and 2019, were analyzed. A survey was also performed with some faculty members selected through convenience purposive sampling. After coding and categorizing 74 initial questions, their content validity was confirmed in two ways: qualitative (the opinion of 10 experts in the field of educational management) and quantitative (testing the relevance of each item through content validity ratio (CVR). Low validity questions were removed and finally 62 items were approved. Using the Holsti coefficient, the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be 0.91. An inductive approach to content analysis showed that four components of research facilities, learning opportunities, assessment and educational facilities were some variables that formed the quality of college life with an emphasis on educational facilities. Given the important role that university graduates play for the society in reaching its goals, the criteria suggested in the proposed model can help decision makers improve quality of college life among students with an emphasis on educational facilities. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        710 - Paradigm model of educational management of electronic content production for teacher preparation (case study of elementary school teachers in Bushehr province)
        Aida Jagerani Faranak Omidian Maria Nasiri
        The purpose of this research was the paradigm model of electronic content production training to prepare teachers to teach in the virtual space of elementary schools in Bushehr province. The present research method was qualitative and practical in terms of purpose. The More
        The purpose of this research was the paradigm model of electronic content production training to prepare teachers to teach in the virtual space of elementary schools in Bushehr province. The present research method was qualitative and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population included managers and experts of electronic content production training centers and faculty members of Farhangian universities and professors of the educational management department in Bushehr universities. The sampling method in qualitative approach was non-random (targeted) and in the form of snowball.In order to determine the sample size, considering that the criterion of sample adequacy in qualitative research was theoretical saturation, for this reason interviews were conducted with 15 experts until theoretical saturation. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. For data analysis, the method of foundational data theory, coding and analysis was used.The findings showed that the central category of the quality of education is the production of electronic content to prepare teachers to teach in the virtual space, a function of causal conditions (1-learning environment, 2-content editing, 3-planning, 4-implementation and support), background conditions (1-infrastructures technical 2-teachers' basic knowledge and skills) and intervening conditions (1-evaluation 2-educational strategies of the organization).These factors create the conditions for the implementation of actions and interactions (1-determining the topics of content production in educational books of educators 2-creating motivation in teachers 3-holding consecutive courses while serving 4-improving technical infrastructures 5-using educated and experienced teachers 6-training in time and suitable place) provides the consequences (1-1-increasing academic performance 2-creating educational justice 3-increasing the quality of education 4-increasing teacher productivity). And finally, the findings of the confirmatory factor analysis of the quantitative part showed that the presented model has a suitable scientific validity. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        711 - Explaining Internal Factors Upgrading the Quality of Education as Perceived by Students in Branches of Islamic Azad University in Zanjan Province
        Fariba Damarchili Masoome Tajari
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        712 - Globalization and Development in the 5th Development Program of the Islamic Republic of Iran
        Heshmatoulah Falahat pisheh Ghasem Masiyayii
        Abstract Development is among the main issues of the transitory nations like Iran. In Iran, the development notion is followed under the five-year programs called &ldquo;the development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran&rdquo;, thereby the full development and ad More
        Abstract Development is among the main issues of the transitory nations like Iran. In Iran, the development notion is followed under the five-year programs called &ldquo;the development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran&rdquo;, thereby the full development and advancement of the nation is programmed for a coming five-year period. Naturally, if it is to be an enterprise for the national development it must be based on the programs. Accordingly, the expert exploration of the programs is of great importance. On the other hand, the phenomenon &lsquo;globalization&rsquo; has made the Islamic Republic of Iran to consider the status for the development program formulation. The present study is to explore the attitudes toward the globalization in the 5th Development Program of the Islamic Republic of Iran through the content analysis. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        713 - Social health analysis in media content with the aim of providing a strategic model of media management
        Arash Shayestehnia
        Social health analysis in media content with the aim of providing a strategic model of media management Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide a strategic model of media management to promote social health. This research, which has been done qualitatively and More
        Social health analysis in media content with the aim of providing a strategic model of media management Abstract The purpose of this study is to provide a strategic model of media management to promote social health. This research, which has been done qualitatively and quantitatively, has used content analysis and Q methods in the qualitative phase and in the quantitative phase to Data analysis Q method is factor analysis. The content analysis of the media in this study showed that the most media production in the field of social deviations with 576 cases and the lowest media production in the field of violence with 237 cases. The field of social quality is in the second and third ranks with 485 and the field of social issues with 312 cases. A small questionnaire was made and based on it, the desired model was designed using PLS software. This model showed that according to the results of the quantitative questionnaire, all four functions of the media, respectively, the function of information, the function of education, environmental monitoring and the function of providing leisure are effective in promoting social health of society. Accordingly, the strategic model of media management can have the greatest impact on improving the quality of life, reducing violence, reducing social deviations and social issues, respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        714 - Analysis of the content of work books and technology in terms of reflection of entrepreneurship components (Statistical Society:7 th, 8 th and 9 th grade Secondary Schools - Secondary School Secondary School)
        پریوش محمدی قشلاق
        Objectives: The overall aim of this research is to investigate and identify the distribution of entrepreneurial components in the work content and technology curriculum content.Method: Content analysis method is used to achieve this goal. Also, for analyzing information More
        Objectives: The overall aim of this research is to investigate and identify the distribution of entrepreneurial components in the work content and technology curriculum content.Method: Content analysis method is used to achieve this goal. Also, for analyzing information, descriptive statistics methods such as frequency and percentage are used and for data presentation, graphs and tables are used.RESULTS: The results of the research showed that in the work books and High School of the 7th, 8th and 9th grades of primary schools and 10th grades of secondary education, 291 items were referred to entrepreneurship components, of which 60 (20.6%) % To the components of independence, 53 (18.2%) to prospective components, 51 (17.5%) to the internal control components, 48 (16.4%) to the motivation components of progression, 40 items (13.7%) were attributed to creativity components and 39 items (13.4%) to risky components. In addition, at the basic level of education, the greatest attention was paid to the components of entrepreneurship in the 10th grade with 98 cases (33.6%) and the least attention was observed in the 7th grade of the first high school with 56 cases (19.24%).Keywords: Entrepreneurship components, content analysis of workbooks and first and second High School. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        715 - The Pathology of Meli Bank Staff Training System
        Seyed Enayatolah Momeni Afsaneh Zamani Moghadam parivash jafari
        The present study was conducted with the aim of the pathology of National Bank staff training system. Accordingly, the present study was based on the field dimension in terms of the study environment, in terms of purpose, it was applied, from the point of view of the da More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of the pathology of National Bank staff training system. Accordingly, the present study was based on the field dimension in terms of the study environment, in terms of purpose, it was applied, from the point of view of the data collection period and from the point of view of the method of research, it was, descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the research in qualitative part consists of academic experts and managers of the branches of the Meli Bank of Iran. Ten people were selected for qualitative part acoording to targeted methed. In the quantitative part of the research, the statistical population included all employees of Meli Bank of Iran, Tehran Branches. Using a Cochran formula and a cluster sampling method, 365 employees of the Meli Bank were selected as sample size. Data collection was done in two ways: library and field studies. In the field, interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire were used. Validity of the questionnaire consisted of face validity, content and construct validity, and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability coefficient .were measured and all were approved. Data analysis was done in descriptive and inferential parts. In the inferential part, structural equation modeling and other inferential statistics prototypes such as exploratory factor analysis and single sample t-test were also used. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        716 - Identifying the dimensions, components and indicators of promoting the organizational commitment of the staff of the Central Organization of the Islamic Azad University in the form of a conceptual model
        maryam ahmadi mehdi shariatmadari Mohammad Naghi Imani asghar sharifi
        The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of promoting organizational commitment of employees of the Central Organization of the Islamic Azad University in the form of model presentation. The research method is descriptive in terms More
        The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of promoting organizational commitment of employees of the Central Organization of the Islamic Azad University in the form of model presentation. The research method is descriptive in terms of application, in terms of data collection method, which was done with a cross-sectional survey approach. The statistical population included experts, specialists and individuals aware of organizational commitment. By targeted non-random sampling, 30 people were selected as a sample. Data collection methods were field and field documenting and data collection tools included semi-organized interviews and Delphi data collection questionnaires with fuzzy logic. The validity of the Goba method and its reliability link is also determined by the agreement method between the coders. To "analyze" qualitative data, content analysis, fuzzy delphi, and MAXQDA software were used. Finally, 3 dimensions, 16 components and 100 indicators were finalized. Results Indicates that the dimensions of promoting organizational commitment (individual, organizational and environmental) and its components (positive sense of job, work experience, flexibility, trust, autonomy, organizational climate, organizational culture, organizational justice, job motivation, job security, management support, work communication, leadership skills, alternative job opportunities, social environment and economic environment). According to the dimensions and components, a model was presented that had a favorable fit. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        717 - Components of establishing knowledge management in the General Registry Office of Bushehr Province
        Naser Baghban Hosin Aflaki Fard Mehrdad Hamrahi
        The purpose of this study is to identify the components of establishing knowledge management in the General Registry Office of Bushehr Province. This research is of research type, theoretical and its approach according to the objectives of the research is a qualitative More
        The purpose of this study is to identify the components of establishing knowledge management in the General Registry Office of Bushehr Province. This research is of research type, theoretical and its approach according to the objectives of the research is a qualitative type of content analysis. Two methods of library and field were used to collect data. In order to benefit from the opinions of experts and managers of the General Administration, using the purposeful sampling method with maximum diversity, 32 managers and specialists who had the information required for the research, were selected and through in-depth interviews, the information required for the research. Was collected. The interview continued until the information reached theoretical saturation. The questions of this interview were prepared based on a review of the research literature and were reviewed and reviewed by several professors and experts in order to be appropriate and adequate. The data obtained from the interviews were copied, categorized and analyzed shortly after the interviews. To validate the results, the methods of reliability, transferability, reliability and verifiability were used. Also, to increase trust, two coders were used during coding. Based on the results, three components were identified as effective components on the implementation of knowledge management system in the General Registry Office of Bushehr Province, which include technical infrastructure, human infrastructure and organizational infrastructure. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        718 - Identifying health literacy factors for hypertensive patients with Demetel and Content analysis
        Zeynab Afshar badr Baharak Shirzad Kebria parastoo khosravi fereshteh kordestani
        The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive survey method and combination (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the study includes knowledgeable or knowledgeable people in the field of medical sciences and educational More
        The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive survey method and combination (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the study includes knowledgeable or knowledgeable people in the field of medical sciences and educational management who were actually involved with the dimensions and subject of the research in the field of hypertension and health literacy. To determine the samples of this section and to determine this group of experts, purposive non-random sampling method was used, in which 23 people were considered as interviewees according to the saturation principle. In a small part, there is a statistical community of medical experts and experts who used non-random and purposeful sampling method and questionnaires were provided to 21 experts in this field. In the qualitative part of the research, the semi-structured interview method was used and in the quantitative part, the matrix questionnaire was used. In order to analyze the data collected in the qualitative section, the three-step method of open coding, axial coding and selective coding has been used. In a small part, the decision of pairwise comparisons has been used. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the existence of 4 factors of basic literacy with components of reading and writing and knowledge, cultural literacy with components of attitude, values ​​and norms, cognitive literacy with components of application, evaluation, understanding and access, And social literacy with components of communication and interaction can affect the health literacy of hypertensive patients. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        719 - Investigating the structural and managerial factors of an integrated content management system in digital libraries (Case study: Islamic Azad University)
        Fereshteh Sepehr Rasul Abasi zohreh mirhosseini Aliraza Isfandyari moghadam
        Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the structural and managerial factors of an integrated content management system in the digital libraries of Islamic Azad University.Research Method: applied research is done using mix- method which consists of d More
        Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the structural and managerial factors of an integrated content management system in the digital libraries of Islamic Azad University.Research Method: applied research is done using mix- method which consists of documentary and Delphi methods. To collect related criteria, the documents were studied and to design the appropriate criteria, a Delphi panel during three round by 12 experts were addressed by the the researcher made questionnaire. Statistical population includes 153 persons of the Informatics Department of the Islamic Azad University.Results: The items and components of the content management system in digital libraries of Islamic Azad University in 9 factors based on special value are: control and supervision 8.01, policy development 7.76, content management 7.46, protection and support 9.53, management training 7.75, content delivery services 4.71, data storage and retrieval 7.96, user interaction 5.16, and content development 4.89. in order to compare the digital content from the perspective of IT staff that showed the question of documenting the validity of digital resource conservation activities as content management strategies for ranking digital information on average (3.45) Conclusion: In order to realize the importance of each of the components of content management after analyzing the components and items by exploratory factor and confirmation factor, a tailored operating model was designed to present the integrated content management system model in digital libraries of Islamic Azad University. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        720 - Providing a practical model for improving the selection and appointment of principals of secondary schools in the country
        heshmatola tirgir Mohammad Nikkhah Narges Saeidian
        The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a practical model for the selection and appointment of principals of secondary schools in the country. This research was carried out using a mixed approach, in the qualitative stage, the components were extracted More
        The present study was conducted with the aim of providing a practical model for the selection and appointment of principals of secondary schools in the country. This research was carried out using a mixed approach, in the qualitative stage, the components were extracted with the help of content analysis of interviews with 25 experts and managers of the country's education system, and in the quantitative stage, the final model was tested using the survey method. The validity of the selected components obtained from the qualitative phase was measured using the Kappa method and its reliability was measured using the criteria of acceptability, transferability, reliability and confirmability. By coding the interview texts, a total of 140 basic themes were obtained, which were categorized into 9 core categories. Adherence of people to religious and religious values, individual and personality characteristics of people, good record, reputation and acceptability of people, professional and occupational skills and experiences of people, scientific and research abilities, human, social and professional skills, competencies Intellectual and perceptive, free-spirited, collaborative and effective leadership abilities of individuals and interest, satisfaction, motivation and occupational and organizational commitment are the components of selection and appointment of secondary school principals in the country. The extracted theme network was confirmed by surveying a sample of 380 people and confirmatory factor analysis with the help of PLS ​​software. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        721 - Investigating the Educational Factors of Educational Students
        fatemeh hamidifar mahdi zamani tahereh fahimi
        Teachers and students according to their position in society are the most important drivers of organization and play a pivotal role in the development of quality higher education.Today the world's most prestigious universities are seeking for educational methods that pr More
        Teachers and students according to their position in society are the most important drivers of organization and play a pivotal role in the development of quality higher education.Today the world's most prestigious universities are seeking for educational methods that promote continuous learning, creative self-centered and students. Many theorists believe that learning style should be consistent with the style of teaching to learners to achieve maximum success. During the past decade different approaches to psychology focusing on individual differences, experience and concrete ways with different theories in the domain of learning the principles discussed and based on these studies have suggested ways to learn. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of teaching on students&rsquo; learning at Payamnoor University Ray branche. This is a descriptive survay research and&nbsp; in terms of data collection was inductive inference and &nbsp;in terms of design analysis was survey research. The research tool was a questionair with 49 questions measures in the form of Likert scale (very high to very low). The study population consisted of students of PNU at Rey branch. To analyze collected data step by step regression analysis was used. Findings of this study shows that four factors of educational content, assessment, teacher, teaching were put in regression model and respectively 1/49 persent of &nbsp;the variance have impact on learning. And practical suggestions were presented to fix some of the problems of students. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        722 - Poetry in the South Coast of the Persian Gulf, the Emirates
        Saeyed Ebrahim Arman
        The realm of poets and poetry in the Emirates is quite vast.&nbsp; Not only in the Emirates but also in other Arabic countries Poetry is divided into two groups:&nbsp; folk and eloquent poetry.&nbsp; At present not only intellectuals and the cultivated but also ordinary More
        The realm of poets and poetry in the Emirates is quite vast.&nbsp; Not only in the Emirates but also in other Arabic countries Poetry is divided into two groups:&nbsp; folk and eloquent poetry.&nbsp; At present not only intellectuals and the cultivated but also ordinary people&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; in the Emirates turn to literature especially to poetry hence, numerous newspapers and magazines examine and criticize the two kinds of poetry.&nbsp; This article purports to investigate the traces of such genre of poetry from the very beginning till the present in this country.&nbsp; Also the reader is introduced to three generations of poets namely:&nbsp; the pioneers, mukhadram, and the young ones. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        723 - Poetry in the South Coast of the Persian Gulf, the Emirates
        Sayed Ebrahim Arman
        The realm of poets and poetry in the Emirates is quite vast.&nbsp; Not only in the Emirates but also in other Arabic countries poetry is divided into two groups:&nbsp; folk and eloquent poetry. At present not only intellectuals and the cultivated but also ordinary peop More
        The realm of poets and poetry in the Emirates is quite vast.&nbsp; Not only in the Emirates but also in other Arabic countries poetry is divided into two groups:&nbsp; folk and eloquent poetry. At present not only intellectuals and the cultivated but also ordinary people in the Emirates turn to literature especially to poetry hence, numerous newspapers and magazines examine and criticize the two kinds of poetry. This article purports to investigate the traces of such genre of poetry from the very beginning till the present in this country.&nbsp; Also the reader is introduced to three generations of poets namely:&nbsp; the pioneers, mukhadram, and the young ones.&nbsp; &nbsp; Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        724 - Content Analysis and Criticism of Makhzan al-asrar
        Khorshid Nourouzi
        Makhzan al-asrar is the first of the fifth treasures of Nezami Ganjavi whose enormous semantic ambiguities and sophistications challenged many scholars to comment and interpret its verses.&nbsp; In this article attempt is made to criticize and analyze the contents of co More
        Makhzan al-asrar is the first of the fifth treasures of Nezami Ganjavi whose enormous semantic ambiguities and sophistications challenged many scholars to comment and interpret its verses.&nbsp; In this article attempt is made to criticize and analyze the contents of commentaries written on this masterpiece.&nbsp; In addition to familiarizing the reader with the complex verses of this Masnavi, compiling and evaluating different shades of meanings explained by the commentators, correcting the errors made in the paraphrasing of some verses, selecting the most correct meaning of verses, and also recognizing the source of discord between commentators&rsquo; point of views reflected in their commentaries on Makhzan al-asrar are purposes of this article. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        725 - The Study of the stylistic features and motifs in Kalim Kashani’s Ghazaliat
        Mahmud Sadegh Zadeh
        Kalim Kashani is a creative, balanced, and prolific poet who has tried his hand in all types of poetry but his main reputation is for his lyricism.&nbsp; Kalim&rsquo;s Ghazaliat apart from having common features of Indian style, due to its poetic force of creativity, ri More
        Kalim Kashani is a creative, balanced, and prolific poet who has tried his hand in all types of poetry but his main reputation is for his lyricism.&nbsp; Kalim&rsquo;s Ghazaliat apart from having common features of Indian style, due to its poetic force of creativity, richness of diction and semantics, and lyrical inclinations, it has linguistic, literary features.&nbsp; The art of Kalim lies in his creation of imagery, content and he uses all the rhetoric possibilities of language in such a simple clear manner that makes his dense imagery far from complexity and ambiguity.&nbsp; Similies in Ghazaliat Kalim is divided into three parts:&nbsp; wide, farfetched, and favourite. In his Ghazaliat, Kalim uses mostly perceptual metaphors and sometimes he creates novel imagery out of non poetic subjects.&nbsp; Although parallelism is the main feature of Saeb&rsquo;s poetry, but Kalim is known to be the pioneer of this style and it is the characteristic of his poetry. Kalim&rsquo;s Ghazaliat in terms of mental and spiritual states is expressive of his philosophical and lyrical thoughts.&nbsp; The frequency of words, and his particular motifs in many cases is representative of his speculative and skeptical philosophical ideas.&nbsp; The main feature of his Ghazaliat is the application of such motifs which is the core of imagination and it reveals his perspective of life.&nbsp; In this research, the analysis of his Ghazaliat with reference to previous studies has been made and examples were given. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        726 - The image of society in the poetry of Seyyed Ashraf al- Din Gilani “Nasim Shomal”
        Afsaneh Varasteh far Delshad Ameri Afsar Afshari Naderi
        The Sociological approach to literature is one of the newest fields in sociology. In this field, the religious, moral, social, economical, political and ideological ambience of society in connection with literature is investigated. Within this framework the poetry of As More
        The Sociological approach to literature is one of the newest fields in sociology. In this field, the religious, moral, social, economical, political and ideological ambience of society in connection with literature is investigated. Within this framework the poetry of Ashraf al-Din Gilani, a popular poet of the constitutional period is analyzed.&nbsp; New concepts such as home, government, nation, freedom, law are abundant in this period.&nbsp; Although some of these words were seen in poetry in the past, yet we are confronted with a modern application of them which arose from the new ideas of constitutionalism and dominance of people.&nbsp; Nasim Shomal&rsquo;s poetry has been chosen because it is thought that due to low level of literacy of most Iranians in that period people could better memorize the poems since they were rhythmic and had a conversational style and people were better influenced by their contents.&nbsp; Gilani came from the North, lived among and with people and was well aware of the peoples&rsquo; lives and their preoccupations hence he could very well relate with them.&nbsp; In this article, first we have divided the events in the constitution period into three parts in terms of social, political and economical aspects, and then we have classified the themes of the poems of his Divan accordingly.&nbsp; The concordance of the themes with the historical events reveals that the poet was conscious of his time and he has very well reflected inconveniences, hopes, class differences, poverty, family problems, and etc in his poetry. Manuscript profile

Sanad

Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages

The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024

Home| Login| About Us| Contact Us|
[فارسی] [العربية] [fa] [ar]