Study the drought tolerance of 12 varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Shirvan area
Subject Areas : Agroecology Journal
1 - Scientific Board, Agronomy Department, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran.
Keywords: Relative water content, Stress susceptibility index, Sstress tolerance index, Elrctolit leakage, Wheat and yield,
Abstract :
In order to study the drought tolerance of 12 varieties of wheat, an experiment was conducted in research farm of Islamic Azad University of Shirvan in the 2004-2005 growing season. The experiment was performed under two separated conditions using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The length and width of each plot was 5 and 1.5 m, respectively. Plant density was 500 seeds per square meter in both experiments. At the early grain filling stage, leaf samples were provided from each plot to determine the leaf electrical conductivity and leaf relative water content. Number of spikes per square meter, grain weight and yield were measured after harvesting. Stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were estimated according to grain yield of any variety in both dryland and irrigated conditions. The results of combined analysis showed that Chamran and Cross-Sabalan produced 2005 and 2310 kg/ha seed yield in irrigated condition, respectivaly that were higher than other varieties. In dryland condition, the yield of Chamran and Cross-Sabalan were 648 and 551 Kg/ha that were higher than other varieties, as well. Cross-Sablan and Chamran also showed higher drought tolerance index compared with other varieties. Drought tolerance index in the mentioned two varieties was 6.8 and 6.6, respectively. Cross-Sabalan also showed relatively high drought susceptibility index, but Chamran showed higher drought tolerance index and lower drought susceptibility index compared to the other varieties. According to the results, two varieties of Cross-Sablan and Chamran were advisable to plant in regions with limited source of water for irrigation.
Alizadeh Dizaj K, Eskandari M (2002a) Evaluation of adaptability in safflower varieties in dry land condition. Annual Report of North Khorasan Dry Land Research Station. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Alizadeh Dizaj K, Eskandari M (2002b) Evaluation of adaptability in spring rapeseed varieties in cold dry land condition. Annual Report of North Khorasan Dry Land Research Station. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Azimzadeh SM, Neyestani E, Rafiie M (2006) Study on drought tolerance of 16 safflower genotypes. 9th Iranian Crop Science and Breeding Conference. Tehran, Iran. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Ansari Y, Azimzadeh SM (2004) Study on adaptability and stability of yield of barley genotypes in universal experiment under cold dry land condition. Final Report of Dry Land. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Bagheri A, Nezami A, Sultani M (2000) Breeding for stress tolerance in cool season food legumes. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Jihad-e-Agriculture Ministry, Iran. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Buttrose MS, Swift JG (1975) Effect of killing by heat or desiccation on membrance structure in pea roots. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 2: 225-233.
Clarke JM, McCaig TN (1982) Evaluation of techniques for screening for drought resistance in wheat. Crop Science 22: 503- 506.
Collis GN, Sands JE (1962) Comparrison of the effects of the physiological components of soil water energy and seed germination. Austtralian Journal of Agricultural Research 13: 575- 587.
Fernandez GCJ (1993) Effective selection criteria for assessing palnt stress tolerance. pp. 257-270. In: Kue, CG (ed.) Adaptaion of Food Crop to Temperature and Water Stress. AVRDC. Shanhua , Tawian.
Fredrick JR, Marshal HG (1985) Grain yield and yield of soft winter wheat as affected by management practices. Agronomy Journal 77: 495- 499.
Fisher RA, Maurer R (1978) Drought tolerance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield response: Austtralian Journal of Agricultural Research 29: 897-912.
Iljin WA (1957) Drought tolerance plants and physiological prosses. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 8: 257-274.
Johnsen RC, Nguyen HT, Croy LI (1984) Osmotic adjustments salute accumulation in two genotypes differenting in drought resistance. Crop Science 24: 957-962.
Jones HG (1977) Aspects of the water relations of spring wheat in response to induced drought. Journal of Agricultural Science 88: 267-282.
Lessani H (1993) Effect of environmental stress on plants. Islamic Azad University. Karaj Branch. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Mozzaffari K, Arshi Y, Zeynali Khanghah Y (1996) Effect of drought stress on some morphological and yield components of sunflower. Seed and Plant Journal 12(3): 24-33. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Maclagan JL (1993) Effect of drought stress on the water relation in Brassica species. Canadian Journal of Plant Physiology Science 73: 225-229.
Neyestani E, Azimzadeh SM (2003) Study on drought tolerance of different varieties of lentil. Iranian Journal of Agriculture 5 (1): 61-69. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Oliver MJ (1991) Influence of protoplasmic water loss on the control of protein synthesis in the desiccation tolerant moss Tortula ruralis. Ramifications for a repair-based mechanism of desiccation tolerance. Plant Physiology 97: 1501-1511.
Poordad S, Eskandari M (2001) Study on yield and oil quality of autumn safflower varieties in dry land condition. Annual Report of North Khorasan Dry Land Research Station. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Poordad S, Alizadeh K, Shariati A, Eskandari M, Nabati A, Khiavi M (2003) Study on drought tolerance of spring safflower varieties according to agronomic traits and oil quality. Final Report of Iranian Dry Land Agricultural Research Institute. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Ritchie S, Henry T (1990) Leaf water content and gas – exchange parameters of two wheat genotypes differing in drought tolerance. Crop Science 30: 105-111.
Safaie A (2004) Evaluation of drought tolerance of 11 genotypes of barley. M.Sc. Thesis. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Safikhani M, Mahmoodi A (2000) Yield comparison and determination of adaptability in lentil varieties. Annual Report of North Khorasan Dry Land Research Station. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Sarmadnia G, Koocheki A (1988) Physiological aspects of dry land farming. Jihad Academic Press of Mashhad University. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Schwab KB, Ctaff DF (1986) Sugar and ion contents of drought tolerant plants under water stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 125: 257-265.
Sullivan A, Eastin GD (1994) Plant physiological response to water stress. Agrice. Meteorology 14:113-27.
Winslow MD, Smirnoff N (1984) Techniques used to breeders nurseries for drought tolerance. Botuny, Brikbeck College, Maletwcic 7HX, England Rachi Science 3: 45-46.
_||_