Comparative Analysis of Cultural and Psychological Content of Feminine Emotions in the Poetry of Najme Zare, Roza Jamali, Maryam Jafari with the Poetry of Ghada Al-Saman

Subject Areas : Persian the literature

Fatemeh  Taghinezhad ¹ (Ph.D. Student, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Salman Farsi University, Kazerun, Kazerun, Iran.)
Seyyed Mohtasham  Mohammadi ² (Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Kazerun, Iran.)
Ali Mohammad  Mahmoudi ³ (Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Kazerun, Iran.)

Received: 2022-12-29 Accepted : 2023-01-16 Published : 2023-03-21

Keywords: Roza Jamali's poems, Ghada Alsman's poems, Maryam Jafari's sonnets, Najme Zare's poems, Cultural and psychological content of feminine emotions,

Abstract :

The research was aimed to compare cultural and psychological feminine emotions content  of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari and Roza Jamali with Ghada Al-Samman poetries. The research universe included all the poems of Najme Zare, Maryam Jafari, Roza Jamali and Ghada Al-Samman. The sample encompassed the poems related to cultural and psychological feminine emotions content of the poets. The method was descriptive-analytical. To collect data library method via note taking was processed. The results showed that one of the important themes was the discussion of cultural and psychological content and their signs, which each female poet had a different and sometimes common understanding according to the mentality and culture of their society. Another important and common subject in the poems of these poets was romantic language and female lyrics. Each poet had her own romantic language, which in some cases were similar and sometimes different from Ghada al-Samman. The all-embracing emotional theme of Najme Zare's poem was sadness and separation from the beloved. Maryam Jafari's romantic and social odes was more special in terms of female's discourse and language. Roza Jamali's poems were based on female imagination and showed most of the female romantic themes in the form of symbols, and her poems used more emotional and feminine words compared to other two Iranian poets. In the case of Ghada Al-Samman, there was a combination of the mentioned cases of these three Iranian poets in her feminine romantic language; It means that it was both a poet complaining about the separation of a lover and a defense of women's rights.

References:

Adebayo, S. O., & Ilori, O, S. (2013). Influence of paranormal beliefs on psychopathology in a cross-cultural society. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 11(2), 63-70. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236963973

Agridy, W. (2000). An introduction to contemporary linguistics. Translated by Ali Darzi. (2014). Tehran:  Samt [Persian] https://samt.ac.ir/fa/book/1948

Al-Samman, Gh. (1999). A woman in love among duats. Translated by Sattar Jalilzadeh. (2017). Tehran: Cheshme. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11432751

Al-Samman, Gh. (1999). Eternity, the moment of love. Translated by Abdul Hossein Farzad. (2004). Tehran: Cheshme. [Persian] https://www.gisoom.com/book/11005068

Al-Samman, Gh. (2005). The Virtual Granule. Translated by Abdul Hossein Farzad. (2010). Third edition. Tehran: Cheshme. [Persian] URL:https://www.gisoom.com/book/11340573

Al-Samman, Gh. (2009). Dance with the owl. Translation: Kazem Al-Yasin (2011) Shahin Shahr: Schools. [Persian] URL:https://www.iranketab.ir/book/14106-dance-with-the-owl

Al-Samman, Gh. (2015). Love period - bilingual / Farsi Arabic. Translated by Sattar Jalilzadeh (2017). Tehran: GolAzin. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11507938

Al-Samman, Gh. (1962). Your eyes are my destiny. Translated by Mesoon Parniaei Fard. (2017). Second edition. Tehran: Ijaz. [Persian] URL: https://bookland.ir/book/16155

Al-Samman, Gh. (2003). Dancing with Owl. Translated by Shamim Abdulian. (2018). Abadan: Question. [Persian] URL: https://www.bennubook.com/book/16888

Davoudi Moghaddam, F., & Akhtari, T. (2015). Rebellion and deviance from norms in the poetry of Forough Farrokhzad and Ghadeh Alsman. Arabic literature, 8(2), 112-93. [Persian] URL: https://jalit.ut.ac.ir/article_62560.html

De Beauvoir, S. (1949). The second gender. Translated by Qasem Sanaavi. (2009). Tehran: Tos. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11313973

Dehghani, N., & Hesampour, S. (2013). Semantic meta-normative analysis in Ghada Al-Samman's poems. Sistan and Baluchistan University research paper on lyrical literature, 12(22), 111-128. [Persian] URL: https://jllr.usb.ac.ir/article_1689.html

Esmaili, A. & Sedarat, A. (1968). Immortal Forough Farrokhzad. Tehran: Javidan. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1223981

Fotuhi, M. (2011). Stylology, theories, approaches and methods. Tehran: Sokhan. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11226958

Gorji, M. Kopa, F., & Kohandani, M.R . (2010). The concept of pain and suffering in the eyes of contemporary women poets (with an emphasis on the poems of Forough Farrokhzad and Simin Behbahani). Scientific Research Quarterly of Literary Criticism, 3(9), 162-141. [Persian] URL: http://lcq.modares.ac.ir/article-29-5166-fa.html

Honary, G. (2021). Rooted rebellion (stylistic analysis of contemporary women's poetry). First Edition. Tehran: Agar. [Persian] URL: https://vistor.shop/book/140494

Hosseini, M. (2004). Female narration in female fiction writing. The book of the month of literature and philosophy, 93(1), 94-101. [Persian] URL: https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/2035/94/text

Jafari Azarmani, M. (2014). Beat. First Edition. Tehran: Fasl 5. [Persian] URL: http://fasle5.ir/book.php?id=483

Jafari Azarmani, M. (2018). Heartbroken women. First Edition. Tehran: Scientific. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11546048

Jamali, R. (1998). This is not a dead apple or a cucumber or a pear. First Edition. Tehran: Wistar. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1132534

Jamali, R. (2001). I have brewed coffee to continue this police story. First Edition. Tehran: Arvij. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1215338

Jamali, R. (2014). This hourglass has fallen asleep. Second edition. Tehran: Cheshme. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11182457

JYung, C, G. (1986(.  Four archetypes: mother, rebirth, spirit, Trickster. Translated by Parvin Faramarizi. (2011). Tehran: Publication of Astan Qods Razavi Cultural Vice-Chancellor. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1127545

Manafi Sharafabad, K., & Zamani, E. (2012). The role of education system in the cultural development of society. Journal of Cultural Engineering, 7(74-73), 151-134. [Persian] URL: https://www.sid.ir/paper/900986/fa

Mokhtari, M. (1998). Seventy years of romance: an analysis of contemporary lyrical mentality with the poetry of 200 poets. Tehran: Circulation. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1157105

Moradi, M. (2010). Flow analysis of the sonnets of the young poets of Fars province in the years after the war. Shiraz: Assaliha in collaboration with Farsology Foundation. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11514704

Naderinejad, E., & Gorji, M. (2012). The concept of pain and suffering in the poems of Ghada Alsman and Forough Farrokhzad. Comparative literature studies, 7(26), 185-157. [Persian] URL: https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/1027762

Rashidi, M., & Moavi, H. (2018). Examination of femininity in contemporary women's ghazal (case study: Najmeh Zare, Kobra Mousavi and Panthea Safaei). Specialized scientific quarterly of language studies and lyrical literature of Najaf Abad Islamic Azad University, 9(31), 19-32. [Persian] URL: https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/124480/26

Sixo, H. (1976). Medusa's laugh. Translated by Noushin Ahmadi Khorasani & et al. (2007(. Tehran: Roshangan. [Persian] URL: https://lib.wrc.ir/scholar/view/1/2241

Tyson, L. (2006). Theories of contemporary literary criticism. Translated by Maziar Hosseinzade & Fatemeh Hosseini. (2008). Tehran: Today's View. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1977517

Vahida, F. (1997). A step in the realm of sociology in literature. Quarterly Journal of Iranian Sociological Association, 1(2), 33-46. [Persian] URL: https://www.noormags.ir/view/fa/articlepage/91257

Woolf, V. (1929). A room of its own. Translated by Safora Noorbakhsh. (2004). Tehran: Niloufar Publishing. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1304961

Zare, N. (2006). Love is Cain. Tehran: People's Culture. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/1663879

Zare, N. (2018). A three-letter fate. Karaj: Shani Publications. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11501932

Zarleki, Sh. (2003). Women against women - a psychological research in the works of Albadess Pedes. Tehran: Culture of Exploration. [Persian] URL: https://www.gisoom.com/book/11060825

Zaruni, Gh. (2019). Femininity in Ghazal; A reflection on the features and characteristics of contemporary women's ghazal. Contemporary Persian Literature - Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 10(1), 210-175. [Persian] URL: https://contemporarylit.ihcs.ac.ir/article_5407.html