Strategic Protein Supplementation to Increase Milk Production in Crossbreed Cows Grazing on Tropical Pastures
Subject Areas : Dairy Cow Nutrition
J.R.M.
Ruas
1
(Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, 2630, PO box 91, Janaúba, Brazil)
P.R.M.
Conceição
2
(Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Praça Primavera, 40, Itapetinga, Brazil)
D.S.
Queiroz
3
(Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Agency, Experimental Field of Viçosa, Vila Gianetti, 46/47, Campus da UFV, Viçosa, Brazil)
V.M.
Gomes
4
(Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, 2630, PO box 91, Janaúba, Brazil)
M.D.
da Costa
5
(Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, 2630, PO box 91, Janaúba, Brazil)
V.J.G.
Mota
6
(Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Avenue Reinaldo Viana, 2630, PO box 91, Janaúba, Brazil)
M.A.S.
Novaes
7
(Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Av. da Abolição, 3, Redenção, Brazil)
G.
Virginio Junior
8
(Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Agency, Experimental Field of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Brazil)
E.A.
da Silva
9
(Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Agency, Experimental Field of Uberaba, R. Afonso Rato, 1301, Uberaba, Brazil)
Keywords: lactose content, Marandu grass, rumen degradable protein, Tifton-85 grass,
Abstract :
This study aimed to evaluate the production and milk composition of crossbreed F1 Holstein × Zebu (1/2 H×Z) cows grazing on Marandu grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) or Tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) sup-plemented with different protein concentrate. 36 H × Z cows (±514 kg of body weight) were used. The cows had ± 65 days in milk and were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 2 × 3 factorial arrange-ment, i.e., two types of grass (Marandu and Tifton-85 grass), three types of protein supplementation (2.0 kg of concentrate with low rumen degradable protein; 2.0 kg of concentrate with high rumen degradable pro-tein; and no concentrate feed). Both grass produced similar amounts of forage mass, kg.h-1. The nutritional value for both grasses was also similar in all the variables analyzed, such as crude fat, crude protein, carbo-hydrates, non-fiber carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, and, acid detergent fiber. The milk yield was not affected by the different grasses used for grazing. Only the lactose content was higher in cows grazing on marandu grass than in Tifton-85 grass (P=0.032). The cows that did not receive concentrate had lower daily milk yield (P=0.010) and a lower percentage of lactose (P=0.011). In conclusion, both grasses can be used for grazing F1 ½ H × Z cows, and protein supplementation, regardless of its ruminal degradability, in this situation is necessary to increase milk production.
Albarrán-Portillo B., Rebollar-Rebollar S., García-Martínez A., Rojo-Rubio R., Avilés-Nova F. and Arriaga-Jordán C.M. (2015). Socioeconomic and productive characterization of dual-purpose farms oriented to milk production in a subtropical region of Mexico. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 47, 519-523.
Alves B.G., Martins C.M.M.R., Sousa D.O., Arcari M.A., Rennó F.P. and Santos M.V. (2020). Levels and degradability of crude protein in digestive metabolism and performance of dairy cows. Brazilian J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. 57, 1-9.
AOAC. (2012). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 18th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Bakir G., Kaygisizand A. and Cilek S. (2009). Milk yield traits of Holstein cattle reared at Tahirova state farms in Balikesir province in Turkey. J. Anim Vet. Adv. 8, 2369-2374.
Carmona P., Costa D.F.A. and Silva L.F.P. (2020). Feed efficiency and nitrogen use rankings of Bos indicus steers differ on low and high protein diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 263, 114493-114451.
Cilek S. (2009). Milk yield traits of Holstein cows raised at polatli state farm in Turkey. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 8, 6-10.
Çilek S. and Tekin M.E. (2005). Environmental factors affecting milk yield and fertility traits of simmental cows raised at the kazova state farm and phenotypic correlations between these traits. Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 29, 987-993.
Corsi M., Martha Jr G.B., Nascimento Jr D. and Balsalobre M.A.A. (2001). Impact of grazing management on productivity of tropical grasslands. Pp. 1-29 in 21st Int. Grass. Congr. Fealq, São Pedro, Brazil.
Costa A., Bovenhuis H. and Penasa M. (2020). Changes in milk lactose content as indicators for longevity and udder health in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 103, 11574-11584.
da Silva S., Sbrissia A. and Pereira L. (2015). Ecophysiology of C4 forage grasses—understanding plant growth for optimising their use and management. Agriculture. 5, 598-625.
Detmann E., Valente É.E.L., Batista E.D. and Huhtanen P. (2014). An evaluation of the performance and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical grass pastures with supplementation. Livest. Sci. 162, 141-153.
Edson C., Takarwirwa N.N., Kuziwa N.L., Stella N. and Maasdorp B. (2018). Effect of mixed maize-legume silages on milk quality and quantity from lactating smallholder dairy cows. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 50, 1255-1260.
Fraga A.B., de Lima Silva F., Hongyu K., Da Silva Santos D., Murphy T.W. and Lopes F.B. (2016). Multivariate analysis to evaluate genetic groups and production traits of crossbred Holstein × Zebu cows. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 48, 533-538.
Heck J.M.L., van Valenberg H.J.F., Dijkstra J. and van Hooijdonk A.C.M. (2009). Seasonal variation in the Dutch bovine raw milk composition. J. Dairy Sci. 92, 4745-4755.
Hills J.L., Wales W.J., Dunshea F.R., Garcia S.C. and Roche J.R. (2015). Invited review: An evaluation of the likely effects of individualized feeding of concentrate supplements to pasture-based dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 98, 1363-1401.
Janusckiewicz E.R., Raposo E., Morgado E.S., Reis R.A. and Ruggieri A.C. (2016). Perfil morfofisiológico de capim-marandu manejado sob diferentes ofertas de forragem e pastejado por vacas leiteiras. ARS Vet. 32, 67-73.
Jefferson P.G., McCaughey W.P., May K., Woosaree J. and McFarlane L. (2004). Forage quality of seeded native grasses in the fall season on the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Canadian J. Plant Sci. 84, 503-509.
Jenkins T.C. and McGuire M.A. (2006). Major advances in nutrition: Impact on milk composition. J. Dairy Sci. 89, 1302-1310.
Kaufman J.D., Kassube K.R. and Ríus A.G. (2017). Lowering rumen-degradable protein maintained energy-corrected milk yield and improved nitrogen-use efficiency in multiparous lactating dairy cows exposed to heat stress. J. Dairy Sci. 100, 8132-8145.
Lara M.A.S., Silva V.J., Sollenberger L.E. and Pedreira C.G.S. (2021). Seasonal herbage accumulation and canopy characteristics of novel and standard brachiariagrasses under N fertilization and irrigation in southeastern Brazil. Crop Sci. 61, 1468-1477.
Lefier D., Grappin R. and Pochet S. (1996). Determination of fat, protein, and lactose in raw milk by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and by analysis with a conventional filter-based milk analyzer. J. AOAC Int. 79, 711-717.
Madzimure J., Musimurimwa C., Chivandi E., Gwiriri L. and Mamhare E. (2011). Milk yield and quality in Guernsey cows fed cottonseed cake-based diets partially substituted with baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) seed cake. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 43, 77-82.
Martins C.M.M.R., Fonseca D.C.M., Alves B.G., Arcari M.A., Ferreira G.C., Welter K.C., Oliveira C.A.F., Rennó F.P. and Santos M.V. (2019). Effect of dietary crude protein degradability and corn processing on lactation performance and milk protein composition and stability. J. Dairy Sci. 102, 4165-4178.
Mwendia S.W., Mwungu C.M., Ng’ang’a S.K., Njenga D. and Notenbaert A. (2018). Effect of feeding oat and vetch forages on milk production and quality in smallholder dairy farms in Central Kenya. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 50, 1051-1057.
NASEM. (2021). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC., USA.
Pequeno D.N.L., Pedreira C.G.S., Sollenberger L.E., de Faria A.F.G. and Silva L.S. (2015). Forage Accumulation and nutritive value of brachiariagrasses and tifton 85 bermudagrass as affected by harvest frequency and irrigation. Agron. J. 107, 1741-1749.
Ramírez-Rivera E.J., Rodríguez-Miranda J., Huerta-Mora I.R., Cárdenas-Cágal A. and Juárez-Barrientos J.M. (2019). Tropical milk production systems and milk quality: A review. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 51, 1295-1305.
Rehman A., Arif M., Saeed M., Manan A., Al-Sagheer A., El-Hack M.E.A., Swelum A.A. and Alowaimer A.N. (2020). Nutrient digestibility, nitrogen excretion, and milk production of mid-lactation Jersey × Friesian cows fed diets containing different proportions of rumen-undegradable protein. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92, 25-32.
Reyes Sánchez N., Spörndly E. and Ledin I. (2006). Effect of feeding different levels of foliage of Moringa oleifera to creole dairy cows on intake, digestibility, milk production and composition. Livest. Sci. 101, 24-31.
Rezende C.P., Pereira J.M., Magalhães A.F., Ferreira I.M., Homem B.G.C. and Casagrande D.R. (2021). How canopy structural and morphological characteristics, and forage chemical composition affect a pasture-based dairy system? Semin. Ciênc. Agrár. 42, 3379-3398.
Rosendo Ponce A., Sánchez Gómez A., Ríos Ortíz Á., Torres Hernández G. and Becerril Pérez C.M. (2021). Yield and chemical composition of milk of grazing and supplemented Tropical Milking criollo cows. Cienc. Tecnol. Agropecu. 22, 11-22.
Savari M., Khorvash M., Amanlou H., Ghorbani G.R., Ghasemi E. and Mirzaei M. (2018). Effects of rumen-degradable protein:rumen-undegradable protein ratio and corn processing on production performance, nitrogen efficiency, and feeding behavior of Holstein dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 101, 1111-1122.
Serafim C.C., Guerra G.L., Mizubuti I.Y., Castro F.A.B., Prado-Calixto O.P., Galbeiro S., Parra A.R.P., Bumbieris Junior V.H., Pértile S.F.N. and Rego F.C.A. (2021). Use of near-infrared spectroscopy for prediction of chemical composition of Tifton 85 grass. Semin. Ciênc. Agrár. 42, 1287-1302.
SPSS Inc. (2011). Statistical Package for Social Sciences Study. SPSS for Windows, Version 20. Chicago SPSS Inc., USA.
Teixeira A.M., Jayme D.G., Sene G.A., Fernandes L.O., Barreto A.C., Rodrigues Júnior D.J., Coutinho A.C. and Glória J.R. (2013). Desempenho de vacas Girolando mantidas em pastejo de Tifton 85 irrigado ou sequeiro. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 65, 1447-1453.
Thornthwaite C.W. and Mather J.R. (1955). The water balance. Publ. Climatol. 8, 1-104.
Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.
Walstra P., Wouters J.T.M. and Geurts T.J. (2006). Dairy Science and Technology. Taylor and Francis, Abingdon, Oxford, United Kingdom.
