Evaluation of Water Deficit Tolerance of 10 Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.)Based on some Physiological Traits and Tuber Yield in Ardabil Region

Subject Areas : Journal of Crop Ecophysiology

Alireza  Nouri ¹ (Ph.D. Student, International Branch of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
Ahmad  Nezami ² (Professor, Depatment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
Mohammad  Kafi ³ (Professor, Depatment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran)
Davoud  Hassanpanah ⁴ (Horticulture Crops Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Centre, AREEO, Ardabil, Iran)

Received: 2015-10-27 Accepted : 2016-02-16 Published : 2016-03-20

Keywords: Electrolyte leakage, Relative water content, chlorophyll content, Potato cultivars,

Abstract :

This research was conducted to study the physiological traits affecting the yield of 10 different potato cultivars under water deficit conditions in a two-years study (2013 and 2014) in Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station. The study was performed in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main-plots were three levels of irrigations (irrigation with 100%, 80% and 60% required water) and sub-plots consisted of 10 commercial potato cultivars (Khavaran, Savalan, Luca, Satina, Sante, Marfona, Caeser, Agria, Aula and Draga) released in the last 30 years. During the growing season, some physiological traits including relative water content, electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll content of the leaves were measured at their five different growth stages. Combined analysis of variance of traits showed that there were significant differences cultivars between years, and cultivars × water deficit stress interaction in all growth stages in terms of relative water content, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll content and tuber yield. In terms of electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll content of the leaves, there were significant differences between years, different water stress levels, cultivars and cultivars × water stress level. In addition, in terms of tuber yield there were significant differences between years, water stress levels, cultivars and year × water stress level, cultivar × water stress level, cultivar × year.  There were significant differences in chlorophyll content of the leaves under different irrigation conditios in the first, second, third and fifth growth stages of the potato. According to the results, under normal irrigation condition, cultivars Khavaran and Satina had higher relative water content, lower electrolyte leakage, higher chlorophyll content of the leaves and higher tuber yield. Under mild water stress condition, cultivars Caeser, Draga and Khavaran and under severe stress condition, cultivars Agria and Draga maintained higher relative water content and higher tuber yield; whereas cultivars Savalan, Luca, Satina and Marfona showed lower electrolyte leakage and higher tuber yield; and cultivar Savalan showed the highest chlorophyll content of the leaves and higher tuber yield under severe stress condition and thus were selected as tolerant cultivars to water deficit conditions.

References:

Agili, S., B. Nyende, K. Ngamau, and P. Masinde. 2013. In vitro evaluation of orange-fleshed sweet potato for drought tolerance using polyethylene glycol. 9^th Triennial African Potato Association Conference Naivasha, Kenya. 123 pp.

Ahmadi, E., and A.D. Baker. 2000. Stomat and non-stomat photosynthis limiting factor under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Research. 31: 813-825. (In Persian).

Ahmadizadeh, M., and H. Felenji. 2011. Evaluating diversity among potato cultivars using agro-morphological and yield components in fall cultivation of Jiroft area. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science. 11: 655-662.

Allen, E.J., and R.K. Scott. 1980. An analysis of growth of the potato crop. Journal of Agriculture Science. 94: 583-606

Allen, E.J., and R.K. Scott. 1998. Principles of agronomy and their application in the potato industry. In: Harris, P. (Ed.), Potato Crop. Chapman and Hall Ltd, London, pp 816-882.
Anithakumari, A.M., K.N. Nataraja, R.G.F. Visser, and C.G. van Der Linden. 2012. Genetic dissection of drought tolerance and recovery potential by quantitative trait locus mapping of a diploid potato population. Molecular Breeding. 30: 1413-1429.

Anonymous. 2014. Agriculture statistics. Vol. I. Crop plants statistics in 2012-2013. Ministry of Jahade Keshavarzi Iran. 156 pp (In Persian).
Antolin, M.C., J. Yoller, and M. Sanchez-Diaz. 1995. Effect of temporary drought on nitrate-fed and nitrogen fixing alfalfa plants. Plant Science. 107: 159-165.
Ashraf, M., and M.R. Foolad. 2007. Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improvming plant abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 59: 206-216.

Badarau, C.L., A. Marculescu, and N. Chiru. 2013. The effects of new treatments on PVY infected potato plants under drought conditions. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series II: Forestry & Wood Industry & Agricultural Food Engineering. 655: 99-104.
Bajji, M., J.M. Kinet, and S. Lutts. 2001. The use of electrolyte leakage method for assessing cell membrane stability as a water stress tolerance in durum wheat. Plant Growth Regulation. 1: 1-10.
Barrclough, P.B., and J. Kate. 2001. Effect of water stress on chlorophyll meter reading in wheat. Plant Nutrition. 54: 722-724.
Blum, A. 1988. Plant breeding for stress enviroments. CRC Press. Boca Raton.

Bruckner, P.L., and E.C. Frohberg. 1987. Stress tolerance and adaptation in spring wheat. Science. 27:31-36.

Cabello, R., F. De Mendiburu, M. Bonierbale, P. Monneveux, W. Roca and E. Chujoy. 2012. Large scale evaluation of potato improved varieties, genetic stocks and landraces for drought tolerance. American Journal of Potato Research. 895: 400-410.
Carr, M.K.V. 1989. Potato quality control with irrigation. Water Irrigation Reiew. 9: 28-29.

English, M., and S.N. Raja. 1996. Perspectives on deficit irrigation. Agricultural Water Management. 32: 1-14.
FAO. 2013. Agriculture statistics. Retrived on 14 November 2015 from URL: faostat, fao.org/faostat.
Ferreira, T.C., and D.A. Goncalves. 2007. Crop-yield/water-use production functions of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown under differential nitrogen treatments in a hot, dry climate. Agricultural Water Management. 90: 45-55.
Foyer, C.H., M. Valadier, A. Migge, and T.W. Becker. 1998. Drought induced effects on nitrate reductase activity, mRNA and on the coordination of nitrogen and carbon metabolism in maize leave. Plant Physiology. 117: 283-292.
Frusciante, L., A. Barone, D. Carputo, and P. Ranalli. 1999. Breeding and physiological aspects of potato cultivation in the Mediterranean region. Potato Research. 42: 265-277.
Gopal, J., and K. Iwama. 2007. In vitro screening of potato against water stress mediated through sorbitol and polyethylene glycol. Plant Cell Report. 26: 693-700.
Guo, Y., L. Xiong. M. Ishitani, and J-K. Zhu. 2002. An Arabidopsis mutation in translation elongation factor 2 causes superinduction of CBF/DREB1 transcription factor genes but blocks the induction of their downstream targets under low temperature. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 99: 7786-7791.
Hashem, A., M.N. Amin Mujadar, A. Hamid, and M.M. Hossain. 1998. Drought stress effects on seed yield, yield attributes, growth, cell membrane stability of synthesized Brassica napus L. Journal of Agronomy and crop Science. 180: 129-136.
Hassanpanah, D. 2010a. Evaluation of potato advanced cultivars against water deficit stress under in vitro and in vivo condition. Biotechnology. 92: 164-169.
Hassanpanah, D. 2010b. Effects of water deficit and potassium humate on tuber yield and yield components of potato cultivars in Ardabil region, Iran. Research Journal of Environment Science. 3: 351-356.
Hassanpanah, D. and H. Akbarlo. 2013. Cultivation and processing of edible and seed potatoes. Danesh Neghar. 224 pp.
Hassanpanah, D., K. Nikshad, and M. Hassani. 2008. Potato tuber production. Jahade Keshavarzi Ardabil. Extention Bulletin No. 34. (In Persian).
Ierna, A., and G. Mauromicale. 2012. Tuber yield and irrigation water productivity in early potatoes as affected by irrigation regime. Agricultural Water Management. 115: 276-284.

Ishitani, M., L. Xiong, H. Lee, B. Stevenson, and J.K. Zhu. 1998. HOS1, a genetic locus involved in cold responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell. 10:1151-1161.
Jhonson, E.D. 1998. Applied multivariate methods for data analysis. Kansas State University. 567 pp.
Kafi, M., and M. Rostami. 2007. The effect of drought stress at reproductive stage on yield, yield components and percent oil of three safflower genotypes under saline water irrigation. Iranian Journal of Field crop Research. 5: 121-131. (In Persian).
Kar, M., B.B. Patro, C.R. Sahoo, and B. Hota. 2005. Traits related to drought resistance in cotton hybrids. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 10: 377-380.
Khazaie, H., and M. Kafi. 2002. Studying the effect of the amount of water and stomatal conductance on wheat resistance to drought and their relationship with the yield under the field and greenhouse conditions. Journal of Agricultural Sicence and Technology. 16: 115-123. (In Persian).
Kocheki, E., and M. Banayan Aval. 1994. Yield physiology of agricultural plants. Jahade Daneshgahi Mashhad (In Persian).
Kocheki, M., M. Hosseini, and M. Nasirimahalati. 1993. Soil, water relationship in crop. Jahade Danesghahi Mashhad Prees. 560 pp. (In Persian).
Lawley, D.N., and A.E. Maxwell. 1963. Factor analysis: as a statistical method. Buttterwoths, London. 453 pp.
 Levy, D. 1983. Varietal differences in response of potatoes to repeated short periods of water stress in hot climates. I. Turgor maintenance and stomatal behavior. Potato Research. 26:303-313.
Liang, Y.C., Q. Liu, W. Zhang, and R. Ding. 2003. Exogenous silicone (Si) increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Plant Physiology. 99: 872-878.
Moaddabe-shabstari, M., and M. Mochtahedi. 1990. Physiology of field crops. Tehran University Press. 715 pp. (In Persian).
Moradi-Dalini, A., M.R. Neishabori, S. Jahanbakhsh-Asl, and A.A. Jaafarzadeh. 2000. Determination of class A evaporation pan coefficient under different installation conditions and its comparison with the FAO recommended values. Journal of Soil and Water. 4: 164-175. (In Persian).
Mosavi, B.A., M.E. Behdai, M. Jamielahmadi, and M.S. Hosseini-bejed. 2011. Variation of chlorophyll index, relative water content, electrolyte leakage and yield on three spring genotypes of Carthamus tinctorius under episodic irrigation. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research. 9: 525-534. (In Persian).
Mujdeci, M., H. Senol, T. Cakmaker, and P. Celikok. 2011. The effects of different soil water matric suctions on stomatal resistance. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Enviroment. 9: 1027-1030. (In Persian).
Najafzadeh, S., and A. Ehsanpour. 2012. Effect of drought stress on some physiological parameters of two potato cultivars (Kenebec and Concord) under in vitro culture condition. Arid Biome Scientific and Research. 2: 70-81. 
Ommen, O., and E. Donnelly. 1999. Chlorophyll content of spring wheat flag leaves grown under elevated Co2 concentrations and other environmental stresses within the ESPACE wheat project. European Journal of Agronomy. 10: 197-203.
O'Neill, P.M., J.F. Shanahan, and J.S. Schepers. 2005. Use of chlorophyll fluorescence assessments to differentiate corn hybrid response to variable water conditions. Crop Science. 46: 681-987.
Palta, J.A., X. Chen, S.P. Milroy, G.J. Rebetzke, M.F. Dreccer, and M. Watt. 2011. Large root systems: are they useful in adapting wheat to dry environments? Functional Plant Biology. 38: 347-354.
Penman, H.L. 1970. Woburn irrigation, 1960-8.IV. Design and interpretation. Journal of Agricultural Science. 75: 69-73.
Penman, H.L. 1971. Irrigation at Woburn. Report of Rothamested Experiment Station for 1970. Part II. pp 147-170. 
Pessarakli, M. 1999. Handbook of plant and crop stress. Marcel Dekkor Inc. 697 pp.
Rahmati, H.M., M. Farshadfar, M. Amjadian, and A. Veismoradi. 2010. Elevated tolerance of field crop to water deficiency. National Congress on Agriculture Achievements. Azad University Varamin Branch, 14-15 September 2011. (In Persian).  
Rahnema, A., E. Ahmadi, N. Khodabandeh, and A. Bankesaz, 2009. Drought effects on the physiological indicies of the corn (Zea mays L.) in different growth stages. Iranian Journal of Plant Sciences. 38: 141-150. (In Persian).
Ranalli, P., M. di Candilo, and M. Bagatta. 1997. Drought tolerance screening for potato improvement. Plant Breeding. 116: 290-292.
Rashtbari, M., H.A. Alikhani, and M. Ghorchiani. 2012. Effect of vermicompost and municipal solid waste compost on growth and yield of canola under drought stress conditions. International Journal of Agricultural Resaerch and Review. 2(4): 395-402.
Rasoulzadeh, A., and M. Raoof. 2012. Principles and methods of irrigation. Amidi Pub. Tabriz. 285 pp. (In Persian).
Rezai, E.M., and A. Soltani. 1996. Potato production. Jahade Daneshgahi Mashhad. 179 pp. (In Persian).
Roshanfekre-Dezfuli, H., M. Nabipour, F. Moradi, and M. Mesgarbashi. 2011. The effect of temperature on stomatal conductance and chlorophyll contents of wheat. Plant Production. 34: 39-52. (In Persian).
Schittenhelma, S., H. Sourell, and F.J. Lopmeierc. 2006. Drought resistance of potato cultivars with contrasting canopy architecture. European Journal of Agronomy. 24: 193-202.
Schonfeld, M.A., R.C. Johnson, B.F. Carver, and D.W. Mornhinwag. 1988. Water relations in winter wheat as drought resistance indicators. Crop Science. 28: 526-531.
Shao, H.B., L.Y. Chu, Z.H. Lu, and C.M. Kagn. 2008. Primary antioxidant free radical scavenging and redox signaling pathways in higher plants. Intenational Journal of Biological Science. 2: 8-14.
Shariat, A., and M.H. Assareh. 2008. Effects of drought stress on pigments, prolin, soluble sugurs and growth parameters on four Eucalyptus species. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 78: 139-148 (In Persian).
Sharma, A.K., E.P. Venkatasalam, and R.K. Singh. 2011. Micro-tuber production behaviour of some commercially important potato Solanum tuberosum cultivars. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science. 12 1008-1013.
Singh, B.R., and D.P. Singh. 1995. Agronomic and physiological responses of sorghum, maize and pearl millet to irrigation. Field Crop Research. 42: 57-67.
Sobhani, A., and H. Hamidi. 2014. Evaluation of yield and growth indices of potato under different levels of water deficit stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 12: 283-295.
Takagi, T., M. Nakamura, H. Hayashi, R. Inatsugi, R. Yano, and I. Nishida. 2003. The leaf order dependent enhancement of freezing tolerance in cold acclimated Arabidopsis rosettes is not correlated with the transcript levels of the cold-inducible transcription factors of CBF/DREB1. Plant and Cell Physiology. 44: 922-931.
van Loon, C.D. 1981. The effect of water stress on potato growth, development and yield. American Potato Journal. 58: 51-69.
Vos, J. 1986. Research on water relation and stomatal conductance in potatoes. 2. A comparison of three varieties differing in drought tolerance. In: Beekman, A.G.B., K.M. Louwes, L.M. Dallaert and A.F.W. Neele (eds), Potato Research of Tomorrow. Wageningen. pp 29-35.
Vos, J., and P.J. Oyarzum. 1987. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of potato leaves, effects of age, irridance and leaf water potential. Photosynthis Research. 11: 253-264.
Xu, Z.Z., and S. Guang. 2006. Combined effects of water stress and high temperature on photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and lipid peroxidation of perennial grass, Leymus chinensis. Planta. 224: 1080-1090.

Yadav, R.S., and C. Bhushan. 2001. Effect of moisture stress on growth and yield in rice genotypes. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 2: 104-107.