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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation of Water Deficit Tolerance of 10 Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.)Based on some Physiological Traits and Tuber Yield in Ardabil Region
Alireza Nouri Ahmad Nezami Mohammad Kafi Davoud HassanpanahThis research was conducted to study the physiological traits affecting the yield of 10 different potato cultivars under water deficit conditions in a two-years study (2013 and 2014) in Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station. The study was performed MoreThis research was conducted to study the physiological traits affecting the yield of 10 different potato cultivars under water deficit conditions in a two-years study (2013 and 2014) in Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station. The study was performed in a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The main-plots were three levels of irrigations (irrigation with 100%, 80% and 60% required water) and sub-plots consisted of 10 commercial potato cultivars (Khavaran, Savalan, Luca, Satina, Sante, Marfona, Caeser, Agria, Aula and Draga) released in the last 30 years. During the growing season, some physiological traits including relative water content, electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll content of the leaves were measured at their five different growth stages. Combined analysis of variance of traits showed that there were significant differences cultivars between years, and cultivars × water deficit stress interaction in all growth stages in terms of relative water content, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll content and tuber yield. In terms of electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll content of the leaves, there were significant differences between years, different water stress levels, cultivars and cultivars × water stress level. In addition, in terms of tuber yield there were significant differences between years, water stress levels, cultivars and year × water stress level, cultivar × water stress level, cultivar × year. There were significant differences in chlorophyll content of the leaves under different irrigation conditios in the first, second, third and fifth growth stages of the potato. According to the results, under normal irrigation condition, cultivars Khavaran and Satina had higher relative water content, lower electrolyte leakage, higher chlorophyll content of the leaves and higher tuber yield. Under mild water stress condition, cultivars Caeser, Draga and Khavaran and under severe stress condition, cultivars Agria and Draga maintained higher relative water content and higher tuber yield; whereas cultivars Savalan, Luca, Satina and Marfona showed lower electrolyte leakage and higher tuber yield; and cultivar Savalan showed the highest chlorophyll content of the leaves and higher tuber yield under severe stress condition and thus were selected as tolerant cultivars to water deficit conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluation drought tolerance of sunflower inbred lines and synthetic cultivars at temperate climate of Kermanshah
SEYED MEHDI SAFAVIAt this study, the effect of drought stress on some agro-physiological characteristics of 15 sunflower genotypes including three check cultivars, eight inbred lines and four synthetic cultivars was evaluated using Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three repl MoreAt this study, the effect of drought stress on some agro-physiological characteristics of 15 sunflower genotypes including three check cultivars, eight inbred lines and four synthetic cultivars was evaluated using Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replicates under non-stress and drought stress conditions at Dryland Agricultural Research Sub-Institute (Sararood Station), AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran during 2013-2014 cropping year. The mean kernel yield of genotypes was 715 and 597 kg/ha under non-stress and stress conditions, respectively which shows a 19.02% reduction due to drought stress. Check cultivar “Zaria” and line “Sil-292” had the highest percentage of yield loss with more than 30%. Synthetic cultivars “Sil-94”, “Sil-54” and “Sil-96” had the lowest percentage of reduction with less than 5%. Kernel oil content ranged from 45.5 to 51.7% in non-stress conditions and from 35.4 to 49.9% in drought stress conditions. Drought stress caused about 10% decrease in kernel oil of the genotypes. Overall, drought stress caused early flowering, reduced agronomic and morphological traits and kernel oil content and increased relative electrolyte leakage and leaf relative water loss. Genotypes “SIL-54”, “SIL-42”, “SIL-140” and “SIL-237” were recognized as the most tolerant genotypes using ranking method and its parameters. These genotypes were identified as the best genotypes based on the biplot diagrams under the both conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigation of some morphological and physiological responses of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) to selenium under salinity
Alireza Iranbakhsh Sara Saadatmand Ramazanali Khavarinejad Bita ZajiSalt stress is one of the most important environmental threats that adversely affects the growth, development, and productivity of plants; therefore, suitable approaches are needed to mitigate its negative effects on plants. For this purpose, a pot experiment was carrie MoreSalt stress is one of the most important environmental threats that adversely affects the growth, development, and productivity of plants; therefore, suitable approaches are needed to mitigate its negative effects on plants. For this purpose, a pot experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with two treatments include salinity (0, 25, 50, and 75 mM) and foliar application of selenium (0, 5 and 10 µM Na2SeO4), and the possible role of selenium in regulating Moldavian balm salt tolerance was investigated. Foliar applications of selenium were applied after seedlings establishment at three stages, simultaneously with the application of salinity stress, and then at weekly intervals. Results indicated that growth indices, photosynthetic pigments, and relative water content of leaves in Moldavian balm plants were decreased significantly by various levels of salinity stress. Foliar application of selenium especially at the low concentration increased all the mentioned traits in stress conditions. In contrast, high level of selenium magnified the negative effect of salinity, so that the highest value of malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, and water potential were obtained by 10 µM selenium under 75 mM NaCl and caused the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars. This study indicates that selenium at low concentration plays a significant role in alleviating the harmful effects of salinity through photosynthetic pigments, maintaining membrane integrity, reducing water potential, accumulation of compatible solutes, and consequently, improved the performance in Moldavian balm plants growing under salt stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluation of physiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum cv. Keshkeni luvelou) under different levels of methyl jasmonate and lead toxicity
Somaye Asadi Mohammad Moghaddam Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Amir FotovatThis study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate on some physiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of basil under lead toxicity, based on a factorial and completely randomized design with three replications at Ferdowsi University MoreThis study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of methyl jasmonate on some physiological characteristics and antioxidant activity of basil under lead toxicity, based on a factorial and completely randomized design with three replications at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Research Greenhouse. The experimental treatments included Pb (NO3)2) at three levels of (0, 200, and 400 mg/kg soil) and foliar application of methyl jasmonate at three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 mM). Measured traits included chlorophyll a, b, and total, carotenoids, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, antioxidant activity, soluble carbohydrate, total phenol, and proline. Results showed that in the plants treated with lead, the amount of proline, relative water content, chlorophyll a, antioxidant activity and total phenol reduced in comparison with control plants and application of methyl jasmonate (0.5 mM) under lead stress increased these traits. Furthermore, electrolyte leakage increased significantly under lead stress, while it was decreased by spraying with methyl jasmonate. Therefore, using methyl jasmonate is justified for protecting economic performance of plants under stress. Also, application of 0.5 and 1 mM methyl jasmonate reduced and adjusted the effects of stress in the plants under lead stress through stimulating production of antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Physiological and biochemical responses of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.) to mycorrhizal fungi application under salinity stress condition
Morteza Iraji Mareshk Mohammad MoghaddamIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi under salinity stress conditions on physiological and biochemical properties of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.), a pot factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with two factor MoreIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi under salinity stress conditions on physiological and biochemical properties of Mexican marigold (Tagetes minuta L.), a pot factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the application of two types of mycorrhizal fungi at three levels (non-inoculation, Rhizophagus intradices, and Funnetiformis mosseae) and the second factor was irrigation with salinity water at 4 levels (0, 40, 80, and 120 mM equal to 0, 3.5, 7, and 10.5 ds/m sodium chloride, respectively). The salinity treatment was applied in the plants at the eight-leaf stage and on three days a week. Results showed that application of salinity stress reduced the relative water content and chlorophyll of leaves. With increasing salinity concentration, the amount of electrolyte leakage, total carbohydrate, and proline increased in leafs. In contrast, the use of mycorrhizal fungi resulted in improved traits measured under salt stress conditions. The amount of proline, total carbohydrate, and electrolyte leakage decreased with the use of mycorrhizal fungi under stress conditions due to the positive effect of these fungi on balancing growth conditions in the plant under salt stress. Also, the highest amount of relative water content and chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll of leaves were observed under non salinity stress treatment and application of R. intradices. According to the results of this research, it can be concluded that the application of salinity stress at 120 mM resulted in a significant reduction in the studied traits. Besides, the application of mycorrhiza fungi at this level of salinity could not improve the negative effects of salt stress. The use of R. intradices compared to the F. mosseae had a greater effect on the improvement of physiological and biochemical characteristics of Mexican marigold under salinity stress conditions at low salt concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation of the effect of freezing stress tolerance of Phyla lanceolata under some organic mulch in controlled conditions
maryam kamali Yahya Selahvarzi Jafar NabatiIn order to investigate the effect of frost stress on Phyla lanceolata as a cover plant under the influence of some organic mulches, this experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications at Ferdowsi Universi MoreIn order to investigate the effect of frost stress on Phyla lanceolata as a cover plant under the influence of some organic mulches, this experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Five levels of freezing temperature (0, -5, -10, -15, and -20 °C) and three types of mulch (manure, leaf needle, and bran) were treated in the experiment. For evaluation of frost tolerance temperatures, some traits such as electrolyte leakage percentage, soluble carbohydrate content, leaf proline content, leaf number, leaf area, and plant dry weight were considered. Results showed that the simple and interaction effects of mulch and temperature on the measured morphological traits, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, spade and photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll a, b and total) were significant. All of the organic mulches used in the study increased shoot and root dry weight so that by applying three mulch of bran, leaf needle, and animal manure, shoot dry weight from 2.15 g under non-mulch conditions reached to 2.72, 3.13, and 3.19 g/plant, respectively and root dry weight from 1.50 g reached 1.90, 2.23, and 2.29 g /plant, respectively. The highest electrolyte leakage (80%) was at -20 °C and in plants treated with bran mulch and the highest relative water content (55%) was at 0 °C and in plants treated with needle mulch treatment. Also, total chlorophyll content was 0.11 mg higher than that in control treatment. In general, among the mulches used, animal manure mulch had the greatest effect on mitigating the effects of frost on morphological and biochemical traits of the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Evaluation of some physiological responses of three indigenous watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) accessions to drought stress
ali rouin amin baghizadeh mahmoud Roghami amin mousaviIn view of limitation of water resources in Iran, screening drought-tolerant watermelon genotypes and evaluate their response to drought stress conditions has been a research priority in country. In order to study the physiologic an agronomic response of indigenous acce MoreIn view of limitation of water resources in Iran, screening drought-tolerant watermelon genotypes and evaluate their response to drought stress conditions has been a research priority in country. In order to study the physiologic an agronomic response of indigenous accessions of Aliabad, Sistani and Torbat to water stress, a field study was carried out as a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement of treatments under three water regimes, 100, 70 and 40% of required water, representing non-stress, mild stress and severe stress treatments, respectively, at Jiroft region in the spring and summer of 2017 growing seasons. The highest fruit weight and yield were at 100 and 70% required water whereas the lowest was achieved at 40% treatment. There were no remarkable differences among accessions under non-stress and 70% required water treatments while Sistani accession showed a better physiological and agronomic yield in response to increase water stress level to 40% required water. The increase of water stress led to an increase of proline concentration and activity of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase and catalase in all accessions, as this increase was higher in Sistani in comparison to other accessions. Based on the results obtained from this research, it could be state that Sistani accession with maintaining its physiological and agronomic yield showed a better tolerant under adverse condition in compared to other accessions. The utilization of indigenous and tolerant watermelon genotypes in breeding programs and irrigation managements might help in overcoming water shortage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Enhancement of salt tolerance in black bean variety (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by silicon nutrition
Fatemeh Heidarian Parto Roshandel -
Open Access Article
9 - Antioxidant enzymes response to medicinal plant of Bakhtiari savory Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.affected by density and organic fertilizers in dryland farming conditions
Ahmad Mirjalili Mohammad Hossein Lebaschi M.Reza Ardakania Hossein Heidari Sharifabad Mehdi Mirza -
Open Access Article
10 - اثر پاکلوبوترازول بر برخی ویژگی های مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گل اطلسی تحت تنش خشکی
نیوشا حاتمی فر رامین بابادائی سامانیاین آزمایش به­ منظور بررسی تاثیر پاکلوبوترازول به عنوان یک آنتیجیبرلین بر برخی ویژگی­ های مورفوفیزیولوژیک گل اطلسی و تعیین مناسبترین غلظت پاکلوبوترازول برای ایجاد مقاومت به تنش خشکی در این گیاه انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه ت Moreاین آزمایش به­ منظور بررسی تاثیر پاکلوبوترازول به عنوان یک آنتیجیبرلین بر برخی ویژگی­ های مورفوفیزیولوژیک گل اطلسی و تعیین مناسبترین غلظت پاکلوبوترازول برای ایجاد مقاومت به تنش خشکی در این گیاه انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه اجرا شد. پاکلوبوترازول در 4 سطح (شامل غلظتهای صفر، 25، 50 و 75 میلیگرم در لیتر) و تنش خشکی در سه سطح (آبیاری هنگام رسیدن رطوبت خاک به 90 درصد ، 75 درصد و 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) فاکتورهای مورد بررسی در این آزمایش بودند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از پاکلوبوترازول باعث افزایش تعداد گل، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و تعداد شاخه فرعی شده است و استفاده از این ماده باعث کاهش ارتفاع بوته، وزن خشک ریشه و مقدار کاروتنوئید گردید. در حالی­ که پاکلوبوترازول اثر معنیداری بر میزان نشت یونی، تعداد شاخه اصلی و مساحت برگ نداشت. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی باعث افزایش تعداد گل در بوته گردید و کاهش محتوای کلروفیل، کاروتنوئید، قطر گل، وزن خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه گیاه و سطح برگ اطلسی را در پی داشت. غلظت 75 میلیگرم در لیتر پاکلوبوترازول بیشترین تاثیر را در کنترل ارتفاع اندام رویشی گیاه اطلسی تحت تنش خشکی از خود نشان داد. از طرفی با افزایش غلظت پاکلوبوترازول تحت تنش 50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی روند افزایشی در میزان کاروتنوئید و کلروفیل کل دیده شد . به طور کلی میتوان استنباط کرد که پاکلوبوترازول توانسته است مانع کاهش مقدار کلروفیل و کاروتنوئید تحت شرایط تنش شدید خشکی شود و استفاده از آن تا حدی در غلبه بر عوارض جانبی ناشی از تنش خشکی موثر است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - اثر سالیسیلیکاسید بر تحمل به شوری چمن کنتاکی بلوگراس
مسعود ارغوانی سعیده سوادکوهی سید نجمالدین مرتضویشوری یکی از بزرگترین چالش­هایی است که رشد و نمو گیاهان را در قرن بیست و یکم تحت تاثیر قرار داده است. سالیسیلیک اسید یک ترکیب فنلی است که به عنوان یک مولکول پیامرسان پاسخ­های گیاهان را در برابر تنش­های زیستی و غیر زیستی تنظیم میکند. این پژوهش گلخانهای به م Moreشوری یکی از بزرگترین چالش­هایی است که رشد و نمو گیاهان را در قرن بیست و یکم تحت تاثیر قرار داده است. سالیسیلیک اسید یک ترکیب فنلی است که به عنوان یک مولکول پیامرسان پاسخ­های گیاهان را در برابر تنش­های زیستی و غیر زیستی تنظیم میکند. این پژوهش گلخانهای به منظور بررسی اثر سالیسیلیک اسید بر پاسخ­های چمن کنتاکی بلوگراس (Poa pratensis L.) به تنش شوری اجرا شد. سه سطح شوری (0، 40 و 80 میلیمولار کلرید سدیم) در محلولهای غذایی اعمال گردید و تیمارهای سالیسیلیک اسید (0، 1 و 2 میلیمولار) به صورت محلول پاشی در فواصل دو هفتهای انجام شدند. شوری رشد ریشه و شاخساره، کیفیت ظاهری چمن، میزان کلروفیل و پتاسیم برگ­ها را کاهش داد در صورتی­که نشت یونی، محتوای پرولین و سدیم برگ­ها با افزایش غلظت نمک در محلول غذایی افزایش یافت. کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید در تمامی صفات اثرات منفی شوری را بهبود بخشید و این اثر در تیمار 80 میلیمولار نمک چشمگیرتر بود. در صفات رشد ریشه، میزان سدیم، پرولین و نشت یونی برگ­ها، کاربرد 2 میلیمولار سالیسیلیک اسید نتیجه بهتری نسبت به 1 میلیمولار در بر داشت. این نتایج نشان میدهد که مطالعات بیشتر به­منظور یافتن سطح مناسب کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید در سطوح مختلف تنش شوری مورد نیاز است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - تاثیر بکارگیری اسپرمین آزاد خارجی روی عمر گلجایی رز شاخه بریده رقم ’دلس ویتا‘
Hamideh Ghorbani اصغر ابراهیم زاده Bagher Eftekhari Sis Mohammad Bagher Hasanpouraghadmپیری بخش جدایی ناپذیر چرخه نمو گیاهان می­باشد و می­تواند در سطح سلول، بافت و اندام اثرگذار باشد. پژوهش حاضر به­منظور مطالعه کارایی تیمار پس از برداشتی پلی آمین آزاد اسپرمین به عنوان یک ترکیب ضد پیری جهت افزایش عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده رز انجام شد. تی Moreپیری بخش جدایی ناپذیر چرخه نمو گیاهان می­باشد و می­تواند در سطح سلول، بافت و اندام اثرگذار باشد. پژوهش حاضر به­منظور مطالعه کارایی تیمار پس از برداشتی پلی آمین آزاد اسپرمین به عنوان یک ترکیب ضد پیری جهت افزایش عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده رز انجام شد. تیمار اسپرمین در غلظت­های صفر، ۱، ۲ و ۴ میلی­مولار به کار رفت. ویژگی­های مورفولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی گل­های رز رقم ’دلس ویتا‘ همچون قطر گل، جذب آب، وزن تر نسبی، نشت الکترولیتی، میزان مالون دی آلدهید، فعالیت آنزیم گایاکول پراکسیداز، میزان پراکسید هیدروژن و عمر گلجایی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. تاثیر کاربرد پلی آمین به صورت تیمار کوتاه مدت (پالس) بر روی صفات ذکر شده معنی­دار بوده و تیمار توسط اسپرمین خصوصا با کاربرد تیمار در غلظت ۴ میلی­مولار به طور مؤثری فرآیند پیری را در گل­های رز به تعویق انداخت. تیمار پلی آمین به واسطه­ی خاصیت کاتیونی و آنتی پراکسیداتیو خود منتج به کاهش قابل­توجهی در نشت الکترولیت گلبرگ­ها گشت. علاوه بر خاصیت ضد اتیلنی پلی­آمین­ها ویژگی کاتیونی بودن آن­ها نیز ممکن است که در تعیین عمر گلجایی گل­های شاخه بریده نقش مهمی داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - بررسی پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی گل مریم (Polianthes tuberosa L.) در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری
خانی شاکرمی بهمن زاهدی عبدالحسین رضایی نژاد صادق موسوی فردتنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیبهای شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. به­منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش Moreتنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیبهای شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. به­منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش کم آبیاری (بدون تنش W1= 90% FC، تنش متوسط W2=75% FCو تنش شدید W3=60% FC) به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. محتوای آب نسبی، نشت الکترولیت، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، پرولین، میزان مالوندیآلدهید، فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی (سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز)، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق و مقاومت روزنهای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گل مریم تحت تأثیر تنش کم آبیاری قرار گرفتند. میزان مالوندیآلدهید و نشت یونی همبستگی معنیداری با اکثر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی نشان داد. محتوای آب نسبی، کلروفیل کل، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق، مقاومت روزنهای، فعالیت سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر افزایش معنی­داری نشان داد. همچنین میزان کاتالاز، مالوندیآلدهید و محتوای پرولین در رقم پرپر نسبت به رقم کم پر به­طور معنیداری بیشتر بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری، رشد بهتری داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - پاسخ مورفولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی شمشاد (Euonymus japonicas) به تیمار پاکلوبوترازول تحت تنش شوری
حمیمه زورمان مهناز کریمیپاکلوبوترازول یکی از مهمترین ترکیبات تریازولی می­باشد. این ماده تحمل گیاه را در برابر تنش­های محیطی افزایش میدهد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر پاکلوبوترازول بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی شمشاد (Euonymus japonicas) تحت تنش شوری انجام گرفت. گیاهان ابتدا با پا Moreپاکلوبوترازول یکی از مهمترین ترکیبات تریازولی می­باشد. این ماده تحمل گیاه را در برابر تنش­های محیطی افزایش میدهد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر پاکلوبوترازول بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی شمشاد (Euonymus japonicas) تحت تنش شوری انجام گرفت. گیاهان ابتدا با پاکلوبوترازول (0، 500 و 1000 میلی­گرم در لیتر) تیمار شدند و سپس تحت تنش شوری (0 ، 50 ، 100 ، 150 میلی­مولار) قرار گرفتند. خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی، نشت الکترولیت، محتوای کلروفیل و فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی با تیمار پاکلوبوترازول و تحت تنش نمک تغییر یافت. در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد، در 1000 و 500 میلی­گرم پاکلوبوترازول، به­ترتیب کاهش ارتفاع 8/22 و 44/10 درصد مشاهده شد. بیشترین تعداد شاخساره جانبی در 1000 میلی­گرم در لیتر پاکلوبوترازول بدون تنش شوری ثبت شد. اثر متقابل شوری و پاکلوبوترازول بر وزن تر اندام هوایی معنی­دار بود. در غلظت 150 میلی مولار نمک + 1000 میلی­گرم در لیتر پاکلوبوترازول ، وزن تر اندام هوایی 30٪ در مقایسه با 150 میلی­مولار نمک (بدون تیمار پاکلوبوترازول) افزایش نشان داد. در گیاهان تیمار شده با پاکلوبوترازول فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز نسبت به گیاهان بدون تیمار با پاکلوبوترازول بیشتر بود. در مقایسه با 150 میلی­مولار کلرید سدیم (بدون تیمار پاکلوبوترازول)، هدایت الکتریکی 4/24 درصد، در 1000 میلی­گرم در لیتر پاکلوبوترازول + 150 میلی­مولار کلرید سدیم کاهش یافت. با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه می­توان بیان کرد که تیمار پاکلوبوترازول می­تواند تنش شوری (150 میلی مولار) را در گیاهان شمشاد کاهش دهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - بررسی تغییر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و عمر پس از برداشت ژربرا (Gerbera jamesonii) با محلولپاشی ال-گلوتامیک اسید، نیتروژن وپتاسیم
سعید رضا فرهمندی سعید سماوات مصطفی مصطفوی علی محمدی ترکاشوند سپیده کلاته جاریعمر پس از برداشت گل شاخه بریده ژربرا به دلیل خمیدگی ساقه شاخه گلدهنده به طور کلی کوتاه است. بنابراین خمیدگی ساقه ژربرا مشکل اصلی این گل در دوره پس از برداشت است. محلولپاشی با اسیدهای آمینه و کودهای معدنی از روشهای مفید در افزایش عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی و باغبانی است. Moreعمر پس از برداشت گل شاخه بریده ژربرا به دلیل خمیدگی ساقه شاخه گلدهنده به طور کلی کوتاه است. بنابراین خمیدگی ساقه ژربرا مشکل اصلی این گل در دوره پس از برداشت است. محلولپاشی با اسیدهای آمینه و کودهای معدنی از روشهای مفید در افزایش عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی و باغبانی است. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بهبود عمر پس از برداشت گل ژربرا با بررسی تغییرات وزن تر نسبی، محتوای آنتوسیانین گلبرگ، نشت یونی، و درجه خمیدگی ساقه انجام شد. گلوتامیک اسید با 4 و 8 گرم در لیتر و کودهای نیتروژن و پتاسیم با 5 و 10 گرم در لیتر به صورت محلولپاشی اعمال شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار وزن تر نسبی با 86/7 درصد در تیمار 4 گرم در لیتر گلوتامیک اسید، 5 گرم در لیتر نیتروژن و 5 گرم در لیتر پتاسیم مشاهده شد. کاهش 20 درصدی نشت یونی در گلهای تیمار شده با 8 گرم در لیتر گلوتامیک اسید، 10 گرم در لیتر نیتروژن و 5 گرم در لیتر پتاسیم در مقایسه با کنترل گزارش شد. افزایش اصلی غلظت آنتوسیانین مربوط به تیمارهای حاوی گلوتامیک اسید بود. خمیدگی ساقه گل از 63/1 درجه در تیمار عدم کاربرد گلوتامیک اسید، 5 گرم در لیتر نیتروژن و 5 گرم در لیتر پتاسیم تا 73/9 درجه در تیمار کنترل (عدم محلولپاشی) متغییر بود. نتیجه کلی تحقیق نشان داد که 8 گرم در لیتر گلوتامیک اسید، 5 گرم در لیتر نیتروژن و 5 گرم در لیتر پتاسیم مناسبترین تیمار جهت افزایش عمر پس از برداشت و کاهش خمیدگی ساقه گل ژربرا میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Effect of Silicon on Growth and Ornamental Traits of Salt-stressed Calendula (Calendula officinalis L.)
Hassan Bayat Morteza Alirezaie Hossein Neamati Ali Abdollahi SaadabadA pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of foliage spraying of silicon (Si) on growth and ornamental characteristics of calendula grown under salt stress and greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conduct MoreA pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of foliage spraying of silicon (Si) on growth and ornamental characteristics of calendula grown under salt stress and greenhouse conditions. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with 3 levels of Si (0, 50 and 100 mg/l) and 3 levels of NaCl (0, 100 and 200 mM) with 4 replications. At flowering stage, Si was applied with spraying two times in two week intervals. NaCl was also applied as drench (200 ml per pot) in two days interval. The results showed that salinity decreased the growth, SPAD values, flower number per plant and flower diameter. However, foliar applications of Si resulted in greater root, shoot and total dry weight, plant height and leaf area of calendula plants under salt stress. The highest SPAD values were obtained under 100 mg/l Si application in all NaCl treatments. Salinity decreased number of flower per plant and flower diameter as ornamental characteristics; however Si increased them under salinity stress. Plants treated with 100 mg/l Si had the highest flower diameter at 100 mM of NaCl. Electrolyte leakage increased by salinity, however foliar application of Si significantly reduced electrolyte leakage under salt stress. These results suggest that the negative effects of salinity on the growth and ornamental characteristics of calendula plants can ameliorate by foliar application of Si treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Changes in Some Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of the Selected of Almond Cultivars (Prunus dulcis Mill.) Grafted on Different Rootstocks Under Drought Stress
Abdolbaset Ranjbar Ali Imani saeed piri Vahid AbdoosiIn order to evaluate the response of selected cultivars of almond, grafted on different rootstocks under drought stress due to increased irrigation intervals in the 2015-2016 year, in the Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Research Institute in Karaj, a fact MoreIn order to evaluate the response of selected cultivars of almond, grafted on different rootstocks under drought stress due to increased irrigation intervals in the 2015-2016 year, in the Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Research Institute in Karaj, a factorial based on a randomized complete design with three replications was carried out. Factors comprised cultivars in five levels (Supernova, Texas, Marcona, Shokoufeh and K13-40), rootstocks in Three levels [peaches × almonds hybrids (GF-677 and GN-22), and bitter almond seedlings NO. 32], and drought stress in four levels (irrigation intervals were 3(Control), 5, 10 and 15 Days). The results showed that the interaction of three factors for chlorophyll fluorescence parameters include maximum (Fm), variable (Fv) and variable to maximum (Fv/Fm), electrolyte leakage and releate water content(RWC) of leaves at 1% probability level, and interaction effects of rootstock × cultivar for chlorophyll b and a/b as well as cultivar × drought stress for a/b were significant at 5% probability level. Also, interaction effects of rootstock × drought stress were significant for all evaluated traits except a/b at 1% probability level. Drought stress reduced Fv by increasing Fo and decreasing Fm, and reduced Fv/Fm in sensitive cultivars on seedling and GN-22 rootstocks from 0.82 to 0.67. As a general result, all of the cultivars on the GF-677 rootstock showed greater resistance to drought stress. Supernova and Shokofeh cultivars grafted on GF-677 rootstock were most resistant rootstock - scion compounds, but other rootstock-scions compounds, were sensitive to drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Effect of seed priming and foliar application of selenium on physiological traits and Stink bug injury percentage of rainfed wheat Azar 2 cultivar
Nourali SajediIn order to study the effect of seed priming by selenium and foliar application on physiological charactristics and Stink bug injury percentage of Rainfed wheat, a one year field experiment was carried based on complete randomized block design with three replicates at t MoreIn order to study the effect of seed priming by selenium and foliar application on physiological charactristics and Stink bug injury percentage of Rainfed wheat, a one year field experiment was carried based on complete randomized block design with three replicates at the Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, in Iran during 2014. Twelve treatments were including control, seed priming with distilled water, priming with rates of 1, 2 and 3 mg/L Se alone; and along with spray of distilled water and Se (Sodum Selenite). The results showed that seed priming along with foliar application of distilled water, seed priming with distilled water plus foliar application of Se, seed priming with 3 mg/L Se along with foliar application of Se, increased the relative water content compared with the control. Seed priming with distilled water, foliar application of Se and seed priming with 2 mg/L Se, plus spray of Se decreased electrolyte leakage compared to the control. Foliar application of Se alone and seed priming with 1 mg/L Se plus spray of Se increased Chl a by 31.4 and 24.2 % compared to the control, respectively. Seed priming plus spray of Se decreased the Stink bug injury, significantly. The maximum seed yield was recorded for seed priming with 2 mg/L Se plus foliar application of Se. The results suggest that seed priming with distilled water and espicial Se at low amounts along with spray of Se can decrease electrolyte leakage and Stink bug injury percentage under rainfed condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Effect of different irrigation levels on morphological and physiological features of SPORT grass-seed mixture
Amin Samiei Mohsen Kafi Mohammadmahdi Jowkar Arezo ShaghaghiWater resource management is one of the major challenges in lawn management. Considering the fact that Iran is located in a dry and semiarid area, lawn water demand and resource management is very crucial. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of irrigation levels MoreWater resource management is one of the major challenges in lawn management. Considering the fact that Iran is located in a dry and semiarid area, lawn water demand and resource management is very crucial. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of irrigation levels on some growth traits of turf sport mixture was studied. Irrigation treatments consisted of 50, 75 and 100 % of field capacity with one-day interval watering frequency which were applied when the plants were stablished. Morphological and physiological traits were measured at weeks two, four and six after applied levels of irrigation. Results showed that as the amount of watering decreased, turf longitudinal growth, dry matter, visual quality, relative water content and leaf phosphor content declined. This was while cell electrolyte leakage increased. However, at 75 % of field capacity irrigation level, leaf total chlorophyll and potassium content was more than 100% of field capacity irrigated plants. Based on the obtained results, there was no significant difference between two levels of 100 and 75% of field capacity irrigation levels for all measured traits. This was while both irrigation levels were significantly better than 50% of field capacity. Generally, the results indicated that reducing irrigation by one-fourth of field capacity maintains the quality and quality of “Sport” mixture grass in normal conditions and at the same time, greatly reduces the amount of consumed water for irrigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of Spermidine foliar applciaiton on biochemical properties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under drought stress
Mohsen Farzaneh Mozhgan Ghanbari Vahid AbdossiSpermidine effect on biochemical properties consisted of activity of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, relative water content, soluble sugar, and electrolyte leakages in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was investigated. An experiment was conducted based on CRD with three MoreSpermidine effect on biochemical properties consisted of activity of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, relative water content, soluble sugar, and electrolyte leakages in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was investigated. An experiment was conducted based on CRD with three replications in Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch. The first factor was included different irrigation courses at three levels; irrigation every other day, irrigation three days in between and irrigation five days in between. Second factor was included foliar application with three different concentration of spermidine (0, 1 and 2 mM). The resuls of variance analysis for interaction effect of different courses of irrigation and various concentration of spermidine on peroxidase enzyme activity, ascorbate peroxidase activity and relative water content was significant. The results also showed that plants that recived irrigation five days in between with 2mM Spermidine had the highest activity of peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme. The interaction of different levels of irrigation and Spermidine foliar applciaiton on sugar solution and electrolyte leakages was not significant. In conclusion the effect of 2mM Spermine on peroxidase enzyme activity, ascorbate peroxidase activity and relative water content was significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Some physiological responses of two wheat cultivars to foliar application of salicylic acid under drought stress
Fershteh Darabi Rahim Naseri Amir Mirzaei meysam moradiTo investigate the responses of some physiological parameters of two wheat cultivars to Salicylic acid under variable moisture condition, an Split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research C MoreTo investigate the responses of some physiological parameters of two wheat cultivars to Salicylic acid under variable moisture condition, an Split split plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Research Center of Sarableh, Ilam during 2014-2015 cropping season. Experimental factors included Moisture treatments in three levels (control (100), 70 and 40 % Field capacity) In the main plots, Salicylic acid in three levels (0, 50 and 100 µM) in the sub plot and two wheat cultivar (Bahar and Pishtaz) in sub sub plot. Studied traits in this study included yield, Relative Water Content, Stomatal conductance, Rubisco activity, Photosynthetic rate, Transpiration rate, Electrolyte leakage and Sub stomatal CO2 concentration. The results showed that Triple interaction between drought stress, salicylic acid and Cultivars on all traits was significant. Although By increasing drought stress yield and Relative Water Content was significantly decreased, while the use of salicylic acid in this situation improve these traits. Also by increasing drought stress Electrolyte leakage were decreased, but the use of salicylic acid improved that. Photosynthetic rate and Rubisco activity By increasing salicylic acid Decreased In comparison with control. In general, given the role of salicylic acid in reducing the negative impact of stress on some physiological processes that studied in this research, its application in drought conditions is advisable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Evaluation of Different Levels of Soil Moisture and Seed Hydroperimination on Yield and Yield Components of Vigna radiate L. in Mashhad Climate
SeyedMasoud Ziaeie Ahmad Nezami hamidreza khazaieSoil water scarcity is one of the factors that has a significant effect on the performance and physiological function of mung beans. In drought stress conditions, seed priming can be a simple and inexpensive way to reduce the effects of stress. Therefore, in order to st MoreSoil water scarcity is one of the factors that has a significant effect on the performance and physiological function of mung beans. In drought stress conditions, seed priming can be a simple and inexpensive way to reduce the effects of stress. Therefore, in order to study the soil moisture content on yield and yield components, field cultivars were cultivated in Agricultural Research Station of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2016. The experiment was conducted as split plot factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications. The main irrigation factor was three levels of 80, 60 and 40% of crop capacity and sub factor including line A73-726 and Uzbek variety (hydroperimed and non-priming). The results showed that A73-726 line had the highest and lowest grain yield and harvest index in all levels of applied moisture regime. Seed hydroperimed treatment showed an increase of about eight percent of the seed yield compared to non-priming conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Screening of Almond Hybrids for Drought Tolerance Using some Morphological and Physiological Traits
Arvin Abdini Ali Imani Mousa Rasouli Mehrshad Zinalabdini Vahid Abdoosi -
Open Access Article
24 - Study the Freezing Resistance of some Barley Varieties Using Rates of Electrolyte Leakage
Shahram Ashrafi Rad Seyyed Mohammad Taghavi
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