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Open Access Article
1 - Positive effects of garlic on insulin resistance and other indices of glucose metabolism: A systematic review of clinical trials
Mahtab Sotoudeh Hafez Goudarzi Behnood Abbasi -
Open Access Article
2 - The effect of Fisetin on the colorectal cancer: a review
Navideh Khodadadi Behnood Abbasi -
Open Access Article
3 - Evaluation of the effect of application of ascorbic acid and chitosan on quality, nutritional value, and storage of Agaricus bisporus
Kimia Eyalati Elham Danaee -
Open Access Article
4 - Quality assessment of unfermented sausage by partial replacement of sodium nitrite with ethanolic extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis and Berberis vulgaris
Abdoreza Aghajani Shaghayegh Khorasani Nasrin Choobkar -
Open Access Article
5 - The effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Hollyhock black (Alcea rosea) on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of ketchup sauce
Elham Yourdkhani Afshin Jafarpour -
Open Access Article
6 - Enrichment of strawberry frozen yogurt by chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds
Marjan Nouri Mahedeh Basiri -
Open Access Article
7 - Nutritional evaluation of 24 Iranian Punica granatum genotypes
Sara Yari Seyed Abbas Mirjalili Seyed Amir Mousavi Elahe Poorazizi -
Open Access Article
8 - Determination of antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Ferulago angulata extract obtained by maceration method and ultrasound-assisted
Seyedeh Akram Mousavi Leila Nateghi Majid Javanmard Dakheli Yousef Ramezan Zahra Piravi-Vanak ladan Rashidi -
Open Access Article
9 - The survival of probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus in synbiotic yogurt enriched with Agave tequilana aqueous extract
Melika Farzaneh Vajiheh Fadaei-Noghani Hassan Gandomi -
Open Access Article
10 - Antioxidant Properties of Ajwain using Square wave, Cyclic voltammetry methods and DPPH method
Zahra khoramian Mohammad Hadi Givianrad Hessam Sepasi Tehrani -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Thymus Using Electrochemical Methods and radical scavenging method
Amir Yousefi Mohammad Hadi Givianrad Hessam Sepasi Tehrani -
Open Access Article
12 - Theoretical investigation of Malva sylvestris L. in point of Nano Bio Technology
Shamsa Sharifi Mohammad Hoseyn Mosslemin Mohammad Mahmodi Hashemi -
Open Access Article
13 - Alternations of Antioxidant Activity in Saliva in Smokers
S. F. Nosratabadi R. Sariri P. Yaghmaei M. Taheri A. Ghadimi H. Ghafoori -
Open Access Article
14 - Determination Functional Theory Investigation of Polyphenolic Compounds Reactions: NMR study
M. Monajjemi A. Eghdami -
Open Access Article
15 - Antihypertensive and antioxidant properties of five different protein hydrolysates produced from Indian white Shrimp (Penaeus indicus) by-products
علی طاهری سمیرا جلالی نژاد سیدامیرعلی انوارIn these days press of hypertension and free radicals is the cause of disease in industrialcountries. Medicines by antihypertensive and antioxidant properties could inhibit these diseases.In this study Shrimp byproducts were hydrolyzed with 5 different enzymes: Alcalase MoreIn these days press of hypertension and free radicals is the cause of disease in industrialcountries. Medicines by antihypertensive and antioxidant properties could inhibit these diseases.In this study Shrimp byproducts were hydrolyzed with 5 different enzymes: Alcalase, Pepsin, α-Chimotrypcin, Neutras and Flavourzyme. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-Iinhibitoryactivity), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (antioxidant properties) and amino acidcomposition measured in the hydrolysates. With Alcalase ,the highest degree of hydrolysis (DH)and nitrogen recovery was 64.2±1.4% and 75±1.6%, respectively. Antioxidant activity was47.1±1.2% with Alcalase and 45.1±0.3% with α-Chimotrypcin. The maximum ACE-I inhibitoryactivity was seen in the Alcalase hydrolysates and α-Chimotrypcin hydrolysates byIC50=0.85±0.02 mg/ml and 0.9±0.04 mg/ml, respectively. ACE-Inhibition activity ofhydrolysates after ingestion by all enzymes was stable. Amino acid composition showed highhydrophobic residues content. In conclusion, Shrimp by-products Protein hydrolysates producedby Alcalase and α-Chimotrypcin have good ACE-Iinhibitory activity and antioxidant propertiesand could be used in human nutrition as bioactive peptide. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The co-assessment of antioxidant capacity and flavonoids levels of alcoholic extract of some of current traditional medicine plants
فاطمه کریم نژاد فهیمه فیروزبخت صدیقه میرلطیفی شهرزاد قدیمی فاطمه فرجادمندBackground: In the last years, there has been growing interest in finding plants for treatment andprevention of disease. Borage officinalis, Camellia sinensis, Chamaemelum nobile, Morus albaand Rosmarinus officinals are usually used in traditional medicine. The aim of t MoreBackground: In the last years, there has been growing interest in finding plants for treatment andprevention of disease. Borage officinalis, Camellia sinensis, Chamaemelum nobile, Morus albaand Rosmarinus officinals are usually used in traditional medicine. The aim of this experimentalstudy was co assay of antioxidant and flavonoids levels of alcoholic extraction of these plants. Inthis study the antioxidant activity was surveyed by applying iron ion reducing assay (FRAPassay) and flavonoids levels with measuring the complex flavonoids with trivalent aluminumion. Results from the present study show,the alcoholic extraction of Rosmarinus officinals havea marked antioxidant activity, and the high levels of flavonoids was recorded by Chamaemelumnobile. Camellia sinensis had both effects; antioxidant activity, flavonoids levels. The using ofscreening tests such as the mentioned methods are useful for finding biological components withdifferent effects Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Optimization the antioxidative properties of catfish (Arius thalassinus) skin gelatin hydrolysate using response surface methodology
A. Taheri, V. Mokhtarnezhad, A. Motamedzadegan,Free radicals are cause of the various diseases. Oxidation also reduces the quality of the foodand causes the disease. Synthetic antioxidants have human health risks, so it is necessary toidentify the natural antioxidant agents. The objective of this study was to optimi MoreFree radicals are cause of the various diseases. Oxidation also reduces the quality of the foodand causes the disease. Synthetic antioxidants have human health risks, so it is necessary toidentify the natural antioxidant agents. The objective of this study was to optimize theproduction of gelatin hydrolysissate with antioxidant properties. The catfish skin gelatin wasextracted using sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and citric acid by the washing after eachtreatment, finally 3 volumes of distilled water added at 45° C for 12 h in a shaker incubator andhydrolyzed under various conditions of temperature, enzyme concentration and time using theFlavourzyme. Gelatin for measuring the ion chelating of ferrous iron, mixed with FeCl2 andFrosin and after ten minutes of stay at room temperature, absorbance at 562 nm was measured.Response surface methodology was used to optimize the production of gelatin hydrolysis. Thetest variables included the time (min), temperature (oC) and enzyme-substrate ratio (%), percentthe chelated Fe (II) was considered as a response. Analysis of variance showed significance ofthe models, temperature and enzyme to substrate (P<0.05) and not significance for the time(P>0.05). This indicates a good fitness to the model. Catfish skin gelatin hydrolysate show agood percent Fe (II) ion chelating in the range of 20-81%. The results suggest antioxidantpeptides from catfish skin gelatin hydrolysis can be a potential candidate for the pharmaceuticalindustry and for the development of functional foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Preventive effects of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) extract on hepatic steatosis in the rats fed with high fat diet
Alipour Barzegar, S., Amouoghli Tabrizi, B. .The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) extract on fatty liver disease induced by high fat diet in the rats. For this purpose, 80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided to 4 equal groups including: 1-Healthy control, 2-Fe MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) extract on fatty liver disease induced by high fat diet in the rats. For this purpose, 80 male Wistar rats were randomly divided to 4 equal groups including: 1-Healthy control, 2-Feeding with high fat diet, 3-Feeding with high fat diet plus Clofibrate (320 mg/kg) treatment and 4- Feeding with high fat diet and treated with Jujube extract (200 mg/kg). Steatosis created by high fat emulsion (10 ml/kg). Different experimental groups compared considering serum biomarkers of liver tissue injury, hepatic antioxidant activity and liver histopathological changes. In the rats fed with high-fat diet, serum levels of hepatocellular enzymes significantly (P<0.01) reduced and liver antioxidants activities significantly (P<0.01) increased compared to control group. In extract treatment group, elevated markers of liver tissue injury and Malondialdehyde significantly reduced and declined serum albumin and protein significantly (P<0.01) increased. Also, in this group, Jujube treatment significantly (P<0.01) improved the activities of liver antioxidants and significantly (P<0.01) decreased liver Malondialdehyde levels. Histopathology of the liver confirmed the biochemical changes. The results showed Jujube extract exerts protective effects against hepatic steatosis in rats fed with high fat diet possibly through increasing of antioxidant activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Study of the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh against infectious bacteria isolated from clinical and animal sources
Mahdavi, S., Haj Azimian, S., Isa Zadeh, A.R., Babash pour, M., Shishehgar, R. .Due to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common antibiotics and antimicrobial agents, researchers are finding antimicrobial agents with plant origin as alternative drugs. Antioxidants are the main factors in neutralizing free radicals and prevent the s MoreDue to the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common antibiotics and antimicrobial agents, researchers are finding antimicrobial agents with plant origin as alternative drugs. Antioxidants are the main factors in neutralizing free radicals and prevent the spread of chronic diseases and destruction of many foods. After preparing the ethanolic extract from leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh by maceration method, the antimicrobial effect of it was determined on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from women’s urogenital tract infections and food stuff and Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum isolated from birds cases by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The antioxidant and reducing power effects of ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh were studied by DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) assay. The least to most antimicrobial effects of ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh were seen against Salmonella pullorum, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonellagallinarum, respectively. Antioxidant effect and reducing power of ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh were recorded less than BHT (Butylatedhydroxytoluene) in equal concentration (p<0.05). Ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensisDehnh leaves in high concentration has antimicrobial, antioxidant and reducing power, so it could be used to pharmaceutical industry for chemotherapy and disinfectants in control of human and animal diseases and as food preservatives. The aim of this investigation is study of the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh against infectious bacteria isolated from clinical and animal sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Comparison of the antioxidant effect of vitamin E and Curcuma Longa L. extract on the histopathological lesions of Liver and kidney following aspartame consumption in rat
Ghavidel, S., Davari, S.A.*, Rasekh, M. .Aspartame is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners in worldwide. The aim of this study was comparison of the antioxidant effect of vitamin E and Curcuma Longa L. extract on the histopathological lesions of aspartame consumption in rat. 32 males adult Wistar MoreAspartame is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners in worldwide. The aim of this study was comparison of the antioxidant effect of vitamin E and Curcuma Longa L. extract on the histopathological lesions of aspartame consumption in rat. 32 males adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups as follows: (1) control, (2) receiving aspartame (350 mg/kg) orally, (3) receiving aspartame (350 mg/kg) orally and vitamin E (400 mg/kg) by peritoneal injection, (4) receiving aspartame (350 mg/kg) and Curcuma Longa L. extract (200 mg/kg) orally for 1 month. At the end of the experiment, after tissue processing of livers and kidneys of rats, histopathological changes were examined and analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Histopathological examination of liver in group 2 showed disruption of the hepatic cords, vacuolar degeneration and accumulation of necrotic materials in hepatocytes. Furthermore, renal tissue evaluation revealed degeneration of proximal and distal convoluted tubules; glomerular atrophy and increasing of urinary space. Above-mentioned lesions were significantly improved in groups 3 and 4 in comparison to group 2 (P<0.001). Besides, Vitamin E and Curcuma Longa L. extract had higher therapeutic effects in the liver tissue in comparison to the kidney. Furthermore, treatment with vitamin E caused a significant decrease of histopathological lesions in comparison to Curcuma Longa L. extract (P<0.001). These results showed the antioxidant effects of vitamin E and Curcuma Longa L. extract on the lesions of aspartame consumption and this protection effect was more pronounced in the group received vitamin E. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Protective effects of Black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.) extract against cisplatin hepatotoxicity in rats
Farjadifar, Y., Mohajeri, D., Kaffashi Elahi, R. .Cisplatin as an important anti-cancer drug is a potent hepatotoxicant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.) against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in the rats. 40 male Wistar rats MoreCisplatin as an important anti-cancer drug is a potent hepatotoxicant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.) against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in the rats. 40 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups. Group 1 was used as control; groups 2 and 4 were orally treated with ethanolic extract of Black cumin (250 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. Groups 3 and 4 received a single intraperitoneal dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg) on the 10th day of the experiment. At the end of experiment, serumic levels of aspartate and alanine transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin, albumin and total proteins were assessed. Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were assayed in liver homogenates. For histopathological evaluation, tissue samples were obtained from the livers and histologic sections were prepared by routine H&E staining method. Finally, the biochemical findings were matched with histopathological verification. In group 4, ethanolic extract of Black cumin significantly decreased the elevated levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and total bilirubin, and significantly increased the reduced levels of serum albumin and total proteins. In this group, ethanolic extract of Black cumin significantly decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the decreased values of hepatic antioxidants. Histopathologically, the changes were in agreement with biochemical findings. Treatment with Black cumin extract considerably inhibited the pathological changes in the rat liver tissue and only visible damage was slight cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes especially around the central vein. The results of this study showed that, ethanolic extract of Black cumin, because of its anti-oxidant potential, exerts a protective effect against cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Study of the antifungal effects of nanoemulsion and essential oils of Trachyspermum ammi on the Aspergillus niger and the survey of it,s antioxidant effects on shelf life of hamburger
, P Naeim حامد Ahari. , M AtaeiHamburger is one of the most sensitive protein foods that can be a proper environment for the growth of bacteria, yeasts and fungi. Hence, the potential risk of food poisoning and possibility of contamination of this product is high. In the present study, the antifungal MoreHamburger is one of the most sensitive protein foods that can be a proper environment for the growth of bacteria, yeasts and fungi. Hence, the potential risk of food poisoning and possibility of contamination of this product is high. In the present study, the antifungal effects of Trachyspermum ammi essential oils and nanoemulsion of essential oils on the hamburgers that contaminated with Aspergillus niger were compared with MIC (Minimum Inhibitance Concentration) and MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) that was determined by microdilution method. Based on the results of the tests, essential oil and nanoemulsion had an inhibitory effect on the growth of the fungal species tested on the hamburger in all days of the experiment, and the essential oil of nanoemulsion significantly increased the antifungal effect of the essential oil. (P<0.05) In the TBARS test, it was shown that the essential oil and nano-azaance reduced the TBA index in this test, which indicates the antioxidant effect in the hamburger. There was no significant difference between essential oil and nano-essential oils in the test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Diagnostic Value of Milk Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in Cows with Subclinical Mastitis
, M. Shekari , F. Moosavinasab , O GhasemianThe sensitivity and specificity of milk somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial culture as the golden standards for the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis are low. Mastitis leads to the increased formation of free radicals, elevated oxidative and nitrosative stress MoreThe sensitivity and specificity of milk somatic cell count (SCC) and bacterial culture as the golden standards for the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis are low. Mastitis leads to the increased formation of free radicals, elevated oxidative and nitrosative stresses, and decreased antioxidant activity in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of milk malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant status (TAS) for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. A total of 90 clinically healthy Holstein cows were randomly selected from dairy farms of Tehran province, Iran. Next, 55 of these cows were diagnosed to have subclinical mastitis based on an SCC of higher than 130×1000 cells/mL of obtained milk samples. Milk MDA level was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method and TAS was measured using a commercial kit (Randox Laboratories, England). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off points for the tests were determined by the receiver operating characteristic analysis. Our findings revealed that the mean and median of milk MDA and TAS were significantly higher and lower in the milk samples collected from cows with subclinical mastitis, compared to the healthy subjects. Moreover, milk MDA level was found to have the highest clinical accuracy at the cut-off points of 44.5nmol/ml. The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity of this biomarker in milk for subclinical mastitis diagnosis was both 100%. According to the results of this study, MDA can be considered as potential reliable substitutes for SCC in the diagnosis of bovine subclinical mastitis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Evaluation of survival and antioxidant properties of Zygosaccharomyces bisporus and Pichia occidentalis isolated from Kombucha
S. Eisazadehrazlighi, M. Khomeiri, S.M.H. Razavi, A. Moayedi, A. Ardebili محمد Gorbani E. Mahmoudi,Background and purpose: Some yeasts, such as Z. bisporis and P. occidentalis, still need further study to determine their functional characteristics and how to use them in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The purpose of this study is the investigation of the func MoreBackground and purpose: Some yeasts, such as Z. bisporis and P. occidentalis, still need further study to determine their functional characteristics and how to use them in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The purpose of this study is the investigation of the functional and antioxidant properties of Z. bisporis and P.occidentalis isolated from Kombucha. Materials and methods: for this purpose, antioxidant capacity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical method (DPPH) and functional properties (survival under simulated conditions of the gastrointestinal system, hydrophobicity, auto aggregation and antioxidant properties, antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli was investigated by spot method. Results: The results of this research showed that Z.bisporis and P.occidentalis have excellent antioxidant activity of about 67.67 and 69.18 percent, auto aggregation capacity of about 92.44 and 87.30 percent. After 24 hours and high hydrophobicity activity has provided about 87.51 and 86.127 percent. Also, the survival percentage of these isolates under the simulated conditions of the gastric juice was about 54.87 and 88.87%, under the simulated conditions of the duodenum, it was 97.09 and 94.40%. Z. bisporis studied in this test had antimicrobial activity against Yersinia enterocolitica, but did not show any activity against the tested microorganisms. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it is suggested to use more of these strains as a natural source of antioxidant and probiotic supplement in the production of food and pharmaceutical products after completing additional tests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Antioxidant effect of copper nanoparticles coated with Artemisia annua plant extract in the 2nd degree burns in mice
فرزانه Tavakoli بهناز Karimi babaahmadi موسی Javdani جهانگیر KaboutariBurns trigger intricate inflammatory processes and the generation of free radicals. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial characteristics of the Artemisia annua plant have a significant potential for enhancing the healing process for wounds. This study e MoreBurns trigger intricate inflammatory processes and the generation of free radicals. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial characteristics of the Artemisia annua plant have a significant potential for enhancing the healing process for wounds. This study examines the impact of an Artemisia annua extract-coated copper nanoparticle ointment on the antioxidant enzyme activity in second-degree burns in mice. After the green synthesis of coated copper nanoparticles, 100 male mice were divided into five groups: control without treatment, eucerin ointment group, 0.2% copper nanoparticle ointment, 0.2% copper nanoparticles coated with Artemisia annua extract ointment, and 5% Artemisia annua extract ointment. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of lipid peroxidation in tissue homogenates were measured on days 14, 7, 3, and 21. SOD, CAT, and GPX activities were all significantly higher on day 7 in the coated copper nanoparticle ointment group compared to the control group (P˂0.05). The level of MDA was also significantly lower in the control group on days 7, 14, and 21 (P 0.05). The extract of the medicinal plant Artemisia annua is useful for making and coating copper nanoparticles. In addition to the advantages of plant extract, copper nanoparticles have a synergistic impact that speeds up the healing of second-degree burn wounds in mice by lowering lipid peroxidation in wound tissue and boosting antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Investigating the effect alcoholic extract of Nepeta crispa on the antioxidant activity and microbial and sensory properties of doogh
A. Haseli R. Pourahmad M. R. Eshaghi P. Rajaei B. Akbari-Adergani Introduction: Due to the richness of nutrients, especially at ambient temperature, doogh is prone to contamination with some microorganisms, which causes changes in the product flavor and its bloating during storage. Therefore, the use of natural antimicrobials su More Introduction: Due to the richness of nutrients, especially at ambient temperature, doogh is prone to contamination with some microorganisms, which causes changes in the product flavor and its bloating during storage. Therefore, the use of natural antimicrobials such as Nepeta crispa exract to increase doogh shelf life while increasing its marketability can be important. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Nepeta crispa alcoholic extract on the qualitative properties of doogh.Materials and Methods: The compounds of Nepeta crispa extract were identified using GC-MS. Antioxidant activity, physicochemical (pH, acidity and viscosity), microbial (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus count) and sensory (taste, odour, texture and overall acceptance) characteristics of doogh containing different concentrations of Nepeta crispa extract (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml) were investigated during storage. ANOVA and Duncan test were used for statistical analysis.Results: Thymol (53%) was the most identified compound in the extract of Nepeta crispa. The MIC of Nepeta crispa extract against E.coli and S.aureus was 2.5 and 1.5 mg/ml, respectively. The MBC of the extract against E.coli and S.aureus was 5 and 3 mg/ml, respectively. During storage, by adding plant extract, the acidity and viscosity of the samples increased and the pH decreased. Increasing the concentration of the extract increased the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of doogh. The sample containing 2.5 mg/ml extract had the highest overall acceptance score, therefore, this sample was selected as the best treatment.Conclusion: Nepeta crispa extract has antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and might be used as a natural preservative in doogh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effect of Encapsulated Grape Extract in Nanochitosan-TPP on Shelf life of Surimi (Clupeonella cultriventris) in 4º ± 1 C
S. Soleymanfallah Zh. Khoshkhoo S.E. Hosseini M. H. AziziIntroduction: In this study, the effect of an aqueous extract of grape microencapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (0.5 / 1) was used to evaluate the shelf life of surimi prepared from Kilka fish by ionic gelation method.Materials and Methods: Grape was extracted aqueou MoreIntroduction: In this study, the effect of an aqueous extract of grape microencapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles (0.5 / 1) was used to evaluate the shelf life of surimi prepared from Kilka fish by ionic gelation method.Materials and Methods: Grape was extracted aqueously, and total phenol content was detected by spectrophotometry and phenolic acids of the extract by HPLC method. Physical properties of nanoparticles including particle size, zeta potentia and PDI were determined with zeta-sizer, and microencapsulation efficiency was determined by spectrophotometer and loading capacity of nanoparticles by HPLC method. Antioxidant activity of free extract and chitosan nanoparticles with / without extract (by DPPH test) was determined. The total count was determined by cryophilic, mesophilic, pseudomonas, mold, and yeast and inhibition capacity (MIC, MBC and IZ) of selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and mold and yeast in different treatments days (0 , 1 , 3 , 6 and 9 ) at refrigeration temperature.Results: The data showed that the produced nanoparticles were in a favorable condition (particle size, zeta potential and PDI: 177.5 nm, +32.95 mV and 0.385 and the efficiency of microencapsulation and loading of nanoparticles were 48.95 and 6.19 percent, respectively). The phenolic content of the extract was 2896 ±18 mg/g and the extract in the loaded state showed a higher percentage of antioxidant activity (42.1%). Growth inhibition in microorganisms (gram positive and negative) is also increased and the overall amounts of bacteria and mold and yeast decreased, and the total values of cryophilic bacteria (6.35 ± 0.29 CFU/g), mesophilic bacteria (6.18 ± 0.27 CFU/g), Pseudomonas (5.41 ± 0.14 CFU/g), and mold and yeast (2.45 ± 0.26 CFU/ /g) in the last day of experiment, showed a significant decrease in the growth of microorganisms. Conclusion: According to the results, the use of chitosan nanoparticles containing extract in surimi of Kilka fish can delay microbial decay and increase the product resistance to free radicals and thus increase the shelf life of the product during the storage period in the refrigerator. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Effect of Millard reaction on antioxidant and emulsifying properties of lentil protein hydrolysate(Lens culinaris)
S. Faraji M. Mirzae S. Mirdamadi Introduction: Protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides that have health benefits for consumers and protein glycolysis is a well-known strategy for increasing the health benefits and functional qualities of proteins. The subjects of this study were the effects o More Introduction: Protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides that have health benefits for consumers and protein glycolysis is a well-known strategy for increasing the health benefits and functional qualities of proteins. The subjects of this study were the effects of temperature, pH, and sugar type on the progress of the Mailard reaction in lentil protein hydrolysate, as well as its antioxidant and emulsification capabilities.Materials and Methods: The protein isolated from lentil seeds was hydrolyzed enzymatically by alkalase and mixed with glucose and lactose. Millard reaction occured at temperatures of 60 and 80 ° C and pHs of 6.5 and 11. The reaction progress was tracked over time by measuring the color intensity at 420 nm and the values of free amine groups using OPA method. The ABTS radical scavenging activity and emulsification capabilities of the final products product were analysed.Results: The results revealed that the reaction of lentil protein hydrolysate with glucose at 60 ° C and pH of 6.5 produced the most deep brown color. The findings of measuring the number of free amine groups also confirmed the results. Lactose sugar products with a lesser browning degree have the greatest effect on increasing antioxidant activity. Overall, the antioxidant activity of lentil protein hydrolyate increased from 24.18 to 60.97%, and its emulsifying function was enhanced.Conclusion: Overall, the results demonstrated that the Millard interaction between lentil protein hydrolysate proteins and peptides increases its health and functional qualities, and the product has the potential to be exploited in the formulation of functional foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - The effect of Suaeda aegyptiaca extract on yogurt initiator and its antioxidant and organoleptic properties
Sahar Zolghadr Shabnam Haghighat KhajaviIntroduction: Due to the changes in people's tastes, the producers try to produce newproducts with high nutritional value. Today, using vegetables for flavoring yogurt has becomevery popular among consumers.Materials and Methods: In this study, prepared Suaeda aegyptiac MoreIntroduction: Due to the changes in people's tastes, the producers try to produce newproducts with high nutritional value. Today, using vegetables for flavoring yogurt has becomevery popular among consumers.Materials and Methods: In this study, prepared Suaeda aegyptiaca extract was used at theconcentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 2, and 2.5% (w / w) in the formulation of low-fat yogurt. Theantioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracts were evaluated, followed byinvestigating the that physical-chemical, microbial, and organoleptic properties of thetreatment during 28 days at 4 ° C.Results: The result showed that increasing the concentration of the extract was notaccompanied by a significant change in the account of starter cultures and also the content ofstarter culture increased during storage. Moreover, Staphylococcus aureus was significantlyinhibited while Ecoli and Aspergillus niger were inhibited after 14 and 21 days of storage.Furthermore, by increasing the amount of extract, DPPH assay and phenolic compounds werecompound significantly increased and the storage time significantly affected the free radicalscavenging and TPC capacity of the yogurt. During storage, pH decreased while acidity andsyneresis increased and water holding capacity, and viscosity decreased. Color measurementshowed a significant difference in color between different kinds of yogurts. Supplementationwith plant extracts, L*and a* values decreased while b*values increased.Conclusion: In the case of sensory characteristics of yogurt, samples that have 0.05,0.1 % ofextracts were not significantly different in overall acceptability from plain yogurt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Effect of type of pretreatment and enzyme on antioxidant capacity of hydrolyzed protein of edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)
isan izannloo َAlireza Sadeghi MahoonakIntroduction: Free radicals originate from oxidation reactions decrease food quality and also promote incidence of various diseases such as cancer. Materials and Methods: In this research the effect of four enzymes, alcalase, trypsin, pepsin, and pancreatin, without pre MoreIntroduction: Free radicals originate from oxidation reactions decrease food quality and also promote incidence of various diseases such as cancer. Materials and Methods: In this research the effect of four enzymes, alcalase, trypsin, pepsin, and pancreatin, without pretreatment and with microwave and ultrasound pretreatment under optimal hydrolysis conditions on the antioxidant capacity of edible mushroom hydrolyzed protein was compared. The hydrolysis process to reach the maximum antioxidant activity with a ratio of enzyme to substrate of 1% and at the optimum temperature of each enzyme with and without microwave and ultrasound pretreatment and ultrasound pretreatment with 160W power, then hydrolysis with enzyme was done in 60 minutes and for samples without pretreatment, hydrolysis time was 120 minutes for each enzyme.Results: The results showed that the highest amount of total antioxidant capacity was 1.64 with hydrolysis by pepsin enzyme, the highest reducing power of iron ion was 2.80 with hydrolysis by alcalase enzyme. The highest iron ion chelation power of 65.08% was achieved with hydrolysis by trypsin enzyme and the highest DPPH free radical inhibition activity of 80.57% with hydrolysis by pepsin enzyme, all in the samples pre-treated with 160W ultrasound in the hydrolysis time of 60 minutes. Conclusions: The results showed that in order to create the desired antioxidant properties in the hydrolyzed protein obtained from edible mushrooms, a special combination of hydrolyzing enzyme and pretreatment should be used, and ultrasound pretreatment is more effective than microwave in this field. formulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-fungal compounds of pistachio essential oil from rose-hip extract against some bacteria and molds
sepideh khorasany Fatemeh shahdadiIn this study, phenolic compounds, anti-radical, antibacterial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and anti-mildew (against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) essential oil of rosehip extract were studied. Phenolic compounds and a MoreIn this study, phenolic compounds, anti-radical, antibacterial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and anti-mildew (against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus) essential oil of rosehip extract were studied. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were determined by Folin Siocalto methods and free radical scavenging of DPPH, respectively. The antibacterial and antifungal effect of pulp extract from rose water was tested by serial dilution titration method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC). The results showed that the amount of phenolic compounds in total pulp essential oil obtained from rose water was 110.55 mg gallic acid / ml of essential oil and IC50 was 82.5 μl / l. With increasing the concentration of essential oil, the percentage of removal of DPPH free radicals increased and the concentration of 1000 ppm of essential oil had 92.4% of the free radical scavenging activity of DPPH. In the study of the effect of essential oil on microbial properties, it was found that it has an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, but this inhibitory effect is much less compared to the two antibiotics streptomycin and penicillin. It was also observed that the essential oil of rose-hip extract has a good inhibitory effect against Aspergillus flavus mold, which is equivalent to the antibiotic nystatin and much better than the antibiotic fluconazole, and has inhibitory effects against Aspergillus parasiticus mold. It has twice the inhibitory effect of the antibiotic fluconazole and half the antibiotic nystatin Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - The effect of thyme, moringa, quinoa, black seed and coriander seed powders on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of cheese
F. Shahdadi S. Khorasani F. Tavakoli M. OstvarIntroduction: The food industry is faced with a great demand to produce new products that meet consumer needs for a healthy lifestyle. Thus, functional foods enriched with plant materials play an important role in this field. Therefore, this study investigated the effec MoreIntroduction: The food industry is faced with a great demand to produce new products that meet consumer needs for a healthy lifestyle. Thus, functional foods enriched with plant materials play an important role in this field. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of different plant powders (thyme, moringa, quinoa, black seed and coriander seeds) on physicochemical, antioxidant and microbial properties of cheese.Materials and Methods: Plant powders were added to cheese at 0.5, 1 and 1.5% concentrations. Cheese samples were subjected to sensory evaluation, followed by tests concerned with acidity, pH, moisture content, L*, a* and b*color factors, phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, total bacterial and mold and yeast counts.Results: The highest acidity was related to the control sample and the lowest acidity was observed in the samples containing thyme, black seed, quinoa and coriander seed powders. The highest amount of moisture was related to treatment containing moringa and the lowest amount was observed in control. By adding powders to cheese, L* decreased and a* and b* increased as compared to control. The highest amount of total phenolic compounds and antiradical activity was related to sample containing quinoa and the lowest amount was related to control. Samples containing plant powders had lower total bacterial, mold and yeast counts than control.Conclusion: The addition of plant powders to cheese improved physicochemical and increased antioxidant properties, and reduced microbial population, and the use of these plant powders is recommended to create diversity and produce products with high nutritional value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Evaluation of physicochemical and antioxidant properties of pasta enriched with saffron waste
B. Davoudi H. Hosseni Ghaboos A. Fadavi R. Niazmand R. RezaiyanIntroduction: The super-beneficial food contains compounds with biological activity that promote health. Pasta is a suitable carrier for adding nutrients from various agricultural wastes. Nowadays, the use of synthetic antioxidants is limited due to the risks they have MoreIntroduction: The super-beneficial food contains compounds with biological activity that promote health. Pasta is a suitable carrier for adding nutrients from various agricultural wastes. Nowadays, the use of synthetic antioxidants is limited due to the risks they have for health, therefore, the effort to find natural antioxidants of plant origin has increased.Materials and Methods: Based on the formulation, the effect of adding 0 to 0.5 percent of saffron residues, including petals, yellow stamens, and white roots, on the physicochemical, antioxidant, texture, and sensory properties by comparing averages using Duncan's test was performed at a confidence level of 95% using SPSS version 19 software and the analysis of the data obtained from the treatments of di-optimal mixed design was carried out using Design Expert software. The standard was checked in the form of di-optimal mixed design.Results: During the analysis of the results after optimization, from the total of 0.5% of the remaining saffron, the values of 0.072% of the petal share, 0.028% of the white root share and 0.4% of the flag share were suggested by the software.Conclusion: The addition of saffron residue had no significant effect on the amount of moisture, water-soluble solids, weight and pH after cooking, while a significant effect was observed on the amount of total phenol, antioxidant, and anthocyanin, as well as the pasta texture. Enriched had less strength than the control sample and no significant difference was observed in sensory properties. Therefore, the addition of saffron residues while maintaining the physicochemical and sensory properties is important in the production of beneficial pasta. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Optimization of Extraction of Antioxidant and Phenolic Compounds of Caulerpa sertularioides by Microwave-Assisted Extraction Process
Y. Fayaz M. Honarvar N. MoorakiIntroduction: Plants have been always considered as one of the main raw materials to be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Marine algae is a rich sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: In this study optimizati MoreIntroduction: Plants have been always considered as one of the main raw materials to be used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Marine algae is a rich sources of bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: In this study optimization of extraction of antioxidant compounds including chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and total phenolic contents of Caulerpa sertularioides has been carried out by microwave-assisted extraction, based on extraction time, microwave power, solvent type and solvent to sample ratio. Experimental design was performed by Design Expert with 25 runs and the amounts of antioxidant compounds were evaluated. Results: The results of chlorophyll a and b evaluation showed that among 4 studied factors only solvent type had significant effect (p < 0.05). According to the results the optimum conditions of chlorophyll a and b extraction included methanol as solvent, microwave power of 180 watt, extraction time of 20 minutes and solvent to sample ratio of 12.5. Regarding carotenoid solvent was the only significant factor (p < 0.05) and its optimum extraction conditions included methanol as solvent, microwave power of 90 watt, extraction time of 10 minutes and solvent to sample ratio of 5. Concerning total phenolic content none of the 4 parameters of extraction process had significant effect on its extraction (P>0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study Caulerpa sertularioides is an important source of antioxidant compounds and by studying the effect of extraction factors on its antioxidant and phenolic compounds and determination of the optimum extraction conditions for each compound, this algae could be employed appropriately. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Studying the Effects of pH and Storage Time on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil and Extracts of Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora) in Model Food System
A. A. Gholamhosseinpour S. M. B. Hashemi S. ShokriIntroduction: Lippia Citriodoraplantis is a rich source of flavonoids that can reduce the microbial and oxidative deteriorations of food in general and therefore can extend the shelf-life of the food systems. Materials and Methods: For evaluation of the antimicrobial a MoreIntroduction: Lippia Citriodoraplantis is a rich source of flavonoids that can reduce the microbial and oxidative deteriorations of food in general and therefore can extend the shelf-life of the food systems. Materials and Methods: For evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil and extract, the treated food emulsions by 1% and 2% essential oil and aqueous-alcoholic extract at the pH of 5, 7 and 9 were employed. Peroxide value, anisidine value, conjugated dienes, as oxidative parameters, and also total counts of microflora were measured during eight days of storage. Results: Essential oil and aqueous-alcoholic extract showed good antimicrobial activities under the experimental conditions. There were not significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the results concerned with DPPH and FRAP between essential oil and aqueous-alcoholic extract. The results of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and aqueous-alcoholic extract in model food system showed that both essential oil and extract decreased the total counts of microorganisms and the amounts of oxidative rancidity as compared to the control during 8 days of storage. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and extract showed a direct correlation with the pH, therefore the mentioned activities were higher at lower pH values. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the essential oil and extract of Lippia Citriodora can be used as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in food products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Evaluation of Various Technological Factors (Variety, Drying Method, Solvent Type, Time) on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Date Palm Seed in Jiroft Region
P. Saeedi M. Honarvar F. ShahdadiIntroduction: Date palm seeds are obtained as waste in many date packing and processing workshops and have extensive therapeutic properties in traditional medicine.Materials and Methods: In this study different cultivars of date seeds (Kaluteh, Mardasang, Khanizi and Mo MoreIntroduction: Date palm seeds are obtained as waste in many date packing and processing workshops and have extensive therapeutic properties in traditional medicine.Materials and Methods: In this study different cultivars of date seeds (Kaluteh, Mardasang, Khanizi and Mozafati) were dried by two methods (sun and oven dried), then their extracts were obtained using methanol (80%), ethanol (50%) and hot water on solvents at 6, 12 and 18 hours of extraction. The amount of phenolic compounds using Folin-Ciocalteu method, antioxidant activity by DPPH method and soluble fiber by AOAC standard analysis method were determined.Results: The results showed that the highest amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were obtained in Mordasang cultivar by sun drying method, methanol of 80% and 18 hours of extraction time respectively (10.08,93.38%) , in Kaluteh cultivar by sun drying method, hot water extraction and 12 hours of extraction time, respectively (8.03,87.94%) in Khanizi cultivar by oven drying method, ethanol of 50% and 18 hours of extraction time respectively(7.36, 71.91%) and in Mazafati cultivar by sun drying method, methanol of 80% and 12 hours of extraction time, respectively (8.48, 88.95%). The highest and lowest amount of insoluble fiber were observed in Mordasang cultivar by sun drying method and Mozafati cultivar by sun drying method, respectively. The highest and lowest amount of soluble fiber were related to Kaluteh cultivar by sun drying method and Khanizi cultivar by oven drying method.Conclusion: In general, this study showed that the seeds of different date cultivars in the Jiroft region, despite having anti-radical properties and rich in natural antioxidants, are affected by variety and drying method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - An Investigation on the Effects of Hydrolysis Conditions on the Extraction of Antioxidant Peptides from Peanuts
H. Hajikazemi M. Mirzaei S. MirdamadiIntroduction: The use of protein hydrolysate containing antioxidant peptides in the formulation of functional food has been increasing recently. The types and sequences of amino acids, the type of hydrolyzing enzymes and hydrolysis progress have some important impacts o MoreIntroduction: The use of protein hydrolysate containing antioxidant peptides in the formulation of functional food has been increasing recently. The types and sequences of amino acids, the type of hydrolyzing enzymes and hydrolysis progress have some important impacts on the properties of protein hydrolysate. Materials and Methods: In this research, the effects of pepsin and alcalase enzymes (E/S:1/10) under optimal conditions of each ones, were investigated on the extraction of antioxidant peptides from peanuts protein. Peanut’s oil was extracted using solvent extraction method and protein was precipitated at isoelectric point. The extracted protein was subjected to the pepsin and alcalase enzymes for maximum period of five hours. The progress of hydrolysis was considered every thirty-minutes using Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) method. Results: The results indicated that the most hydrolysis occurs after 250 and 90 min of hydrolysis for pepsin and alcalase, respectively and the values of free amino acid groups increased from 167.0 to 263.0 μM leucin/mg protein (for alcalase) and from 415.0 to 517.0 μM leucin/mg protein (for pepsin). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysate was investigated based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. By increasing the degree of hydrolysis, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity increased simultaneously. The maximum values of DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging activity were measured respectively, 5175.0 and 756.0 mMTE/mg proteins (for pepsin) and 3644.0 and 1087.0 mMTE/mg proteins (for alcalase). Conclusion: The results indicated that the progress of enzymatic hydrolysis of peanut protein by alcalase and pepsin enzymes leads to producing more antioxidant peptides and the final products obtained can be considered as a candidate for producing functional foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activities of Roasted and Unroasted Coffee Extracts
Sahar Khorsand Manesh Mehrada Ghavami Behzad BazyarIntroduction: Oxidation is one of the most important spoiling reaction in the oils and fats and might be delayed by the use of antioxidants to some extent. Coffee contains some effective phenolic antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acids ester and quinnic ac MoreIntroduction: Oxidation is one of the most important spoiling reaction in the oils and fats and might be delayed by the use of antioxidants to some extent. Coffee contains some effective phenolic antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, caffeic acids ester and quinnic acids. The object of this research is to study the antioxidant activities of coffee extracts. Materials and Methods: In this research work coffee extracts were obtained by hexane and isopropanol after three hours of extraction period. The extracts yields and total phenolic compounds were determined using Folin ciocalteu method. The hexanolic and isoporopanolic extracts of both roasted and unroasted coffee from two varieties of coffee (Arabica, Robusta) were added to tallow at different concentrations. Peroxide value at 100UC (oven) and Induction period measurements at 110UC (Rancimat) were used as means to examine and investigate the antioxidant activities of the above extracts. Results: The results indicated that coffee extracts inhibited antioxidant activities and were able to reduce the oxidation chain reaction. The highest yield of phenolic compounds, taking Gallic acid as the index was related to the extracts obtained by isopropanol and accounted for 2.17 mg/g of dry matter. This might be due to higher polarity of isopropanol as compared to hexane. Conclusion: Among the extracts isopropanolic extract of roasted Robusta with 15% concentration exhibited the best antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Riboflavin Antioxidant Scavenging Activity in the Presence of Sunlight
E. Vahhabi Nezhad M. Momen HeraviIntroduction: Free radicals are natural metabolic products that can cause some serious damages to living cells like molecular oxidation and genetic mutation. Antioxidants are natural or synthetic molecules which inhibit the living cell‘s oxidation caused by free r MoreIntroduction: Free radicals are natural metabolic products that can cause some serious damages to living cells like molecular oxidation and genetic mutation. Antioxidants are natural or synthetic molecules which inhibit the living cell‘s oxidation caused by free radicals. One of the natural antioxidants is riboflavin, which is available in many plants and animal materials. Riboflavin molecule is a photosensitive material which through the photochemical reaction causes chemical changes in the adjacent molecules. The effect of antioxidant and photosensitizer properties. Materials and Methods: In this study, the effect of four important parameters including temperature, riboflavin concentration, time and light irradiation on the antioxidant properties of riboflavin were investigated. The antioxidant activity of the riboflavin was determined based on the scavenging DPPH free radical (2, 2-diphnyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results: The antioxidant activity of riboflavin is increased by increasing the concentration in the range of 0.4-0.7 mM. In the presence of sunlight, the free radicals of DPPH were completely scavenged by the antioxidant activity of riboflavin. In the applied temperature range, by increasing the temperature, the antioxidants activity became more intense in the free radical scavenging. Regarding kinetic, the DPPH free radical scavenging reaction was described using the first-order kinetic equation. Conclusion: According to this study, riboflavin as a photosensitive materials has a significant antioxidant effect on free radical DPPH in the presence of sunlight. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Evaluation of Citron Peel (Citrus medica L.) Extract and Essential Oil on the Stability of Sunflower Oil
S. Okhli H. Mirzaei S.E. HoseiniIntroduction: Due to the unfavorable effects of synthetic antioxidants, the use of various sources of plant antioxidants to retard or prevent oxidation of foods, especially oil-based or fat-based varieties, has today received considerable attention.Materials and Methods MoreIntroduction: Due to the unfavorable effects of synthetic antioxidants, the use of various sources of plant antioxidants to retard or prevent oxidation of foods, especially oil-based or fat-based varieties, has today received considerable attention.Materials and Methods: Inorder to extract the essential oil, water distillation method was applied and the extract of citron peel was obtained by ultrasound and maceration methods by using ethanol, methanol and water as solvents. Total phenolic compounds of the extracts and their antioxidant activities were measured. The chemical compounds in the extract and essential oil were identified by gas chromatography. Finally, the antioxidant effect on the stability of sunflower oil was investigated. The stability of oil to oxidation during storage for 5 days at 65 ° C was assessed using peroxide, anisidine, thiobarbituric acid, Tutox values and oxidative stability index.Results: The most amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was absorved in ultrasonic-assisted ethanolic extract at 30 min. The extract concentration at 800 ppm was more effective to radical scavenging than the other concentrations. The major compounds of citron peel extract were nomilin and hesperidin. The results showed that the peroxide, anisidine, and totox value had an increasing trend over time. Ultrasonic-assisted ethanolic extract at 30 min showed the highest OSI.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the beneficial effects of the essential oil and extract from citron peel on sunflower oil stability and its superiority over synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - The Effect of Heat and Freeze-thaw Pretreatment on the Alcalase Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lentil Protein and Production of Antioxidant Peptides
P. Ghasemi M. Mirzaei S. MirdamadiIntroduction: The biological activity of protein hydrolysis products is affected by the enzyme type, protein type and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions including temperature, time and enzyme/substrate ratio and pre-treatment process.The protein pretreatment process can ca MoreIntroduction: The biological activity of protein hydrolysis products is affected by the enzyme type, protein type and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions including temperature, time and enzyme/substrate ratio and pre-treatment process.The protein pretreatment process can cause improving the enzymatic hydrolysis and production of antioxidant peptides by affecting the spatial structure of the protein and increasing the enzyme access to the peptide bounds. Materials and Methods: In this study, The protein extracted from lentils was first subjected to heat pretreatment (65,75, 85°C, for 15 min) and freeze-thaw (3 freezing cycles at -20 °C and thawing at room temperature). It was then exposed to hydrolysis for 3 hr by alcalase (with an E/S of 90 AU / kg protein, 55°C). Over time, the progress of enzymatic hydrolysis and antioxidant activity were investigated by O-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) assay and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging methods and compared with the control sample (without pretreatment). Results: Pre-treatment at 75°C causes the highest value of free amino groups .The maximum DPPH (63.57%) and ABTS (36.24%) radical scavenging activity were observed respectively, for samples pre-treated at 65°C and by freeze-thaw process. Conclusion: Heat pretreatment and freezing-thawing before enzymatic hydrolysis have a positive effect on the development of enzymatic hydrolysis and production of antioxidant peptides. Based on the results of this study, the process of heat treatment of lentil protein at 65°C or freezing-thawing and enzymatic hydrolysis by enzyme alcalase was identified as an effective method in the production of lentil protein hydrolysis for use in the formulation of functional foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigating the Possibility of Increasing the Stability of Pan Releasing Oil
M. Ghoraba B. Ghiassi Tarzi M. GhavamiIntroduction: This research work is concerned to identify and present the optimal formulation for maximum stability time of pan releasing oil. Non separation of food products particularly bakery ones from the pan will reduce the quality of the product and causes some wa MoreIntroduction: This research work is concerned to identify and present the optimal formulation for maximum stability time of pan releasing oil. Non separation of food products particularly bakery ones from the pan will reduce the quality of the product and causes some wastes. This study was designed to optimize the possibility of increasing the shelf life of releasing pan oils by using sunflower seed and canola oils.Materials and Methods: In order to formulate the pan releasing oil by Design Expert, sunflower seed andcanola oils with three different kinds of antioxidant (TBHQ, BHA, BHT) at different concentrations (100 ppm to 200 ppm) were prepared. Percent free fatty acid, acid value, peroxide value, induction period and fatty acid profile and composition were determined according to the national standard. The optimum concentration of the antioxidant concerned with pan releasing oil was obtained at 35° C for 90 days. Results: The result of this study indicated that the best result concerned with above factors was sunflower seed oil with 155 ppm tert-Butylhydroquinone concentration. Therefore, sunflower seed oil with added TBHQ as antioxidant might be used as a new and healthy pan releasing oil. Conclusion: Sunflower seed oil containing TBHQ might be introduced as a stable, healthy pan releasing oil. Conclusion: Sunflower seed oil containing TBHQ might be introduced as a stable, healthy pan releasing oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Bioactive Components of Four Citrus Fruit Varieties -Their Evaluation for Juice and Concentrate Production
Seyed Yousef Pour Mir Ali resa Sadeghi Mahonak Javad Fatahi Moghadam mehran AlamiIntroduction: Citrus fruits have different characteristics and properties consisting of physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential. In this study physical, quantitative and qualitative characteristic and bioactive components of four citrus varieties in th MoreIntroduction: Citrus fruits have different characteristics and properties consisting of physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential. In this study physical, quantitative and qualitative characteristic and bioactive components of four citrus varieties in the north part of Iran are studied for their possible use in the fruit juice and concentrate processing factories. Materials and Methods: Some characteristics and properties consisting of fruit length, diameter, spherical coefficient, volume, peel thickness, pulp percentage, juice percentage, TSS, sugar, TA, ascorbic acid, total phenolics and anti-oxidant capacity were determined according to the defined standard methods. Results: The results showed that fruits were different in shape. The highest and lowest length and volume have been found in Thomson orange and Unshiu mandarin respectively. Siavaraz orange and Unshiu mandarin had the maximum and minimum spherical coefficient (0.97 and 0.91) respectively. The Thomson orange with highest peel thickness (4.82 mm) and pulp (9.53%) had the lowest percent juice extracted in the Laboratory (31.15%) and in the production line (26.78%). There was the highest amount of total sugar and TA in Unshiu mandarin (9.19 g.g-100) and Siavaraz orange (1.85 g.g-100) respectively. Considering the bioactive compounds, the results revealed that there was the highest concentration of ascorbic acid and total phenolic compounds in Siavaraz orange (58.3 mg.g-100) and moro Blood orange (55.25mg.g-100) respectively. Furthermore, there were a positive correlation between the antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid (R2= 0.91) and total phenolic compounds (R2= 0.71). The lowest antioxidant capacity was related to Unshiu mandarin with 38/19%. Conclusion: Thomson orange was not a suitable variety for juice production due to high peel thickness and pulp, low juice percentage and also bitter taste after juice extraction. Inversely, Siavaraz orange had more industrial indices including high juice percentage, balance pulp and the highest spherical coefficient. Unshiu mandarin and Moro (Blood orange) might be consumed as fresh or be used for industrial juice extraction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidant Extract from Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Wastes and Evaluation of the Antioxidative Activity
N. Ahmadi Kamazani A. H. Elhamirad M. Ghavami M. Moridi Farimani M. ArminIntroduction: In spite of the high antioxidant activity in lettuce wastes, there is not any reports on the application of the antioxidant extract from lettuce wastes to stabilize the edible oils. The aims of this study were to investigate the recovery of antioxidant ext MoreIntroduction: In spite of the high antioxidant activity in lettuce wastes, there is not any reports on the application of the antioxidant extract from lettuce wastes to stabilize the edible oils. The aims of this study were to investigate the recovery of antioxidant extract from outer leaves of lettuce as the wastes via ultrasonic extraction and evaluate the antioxidative effect of the extract. Materials and Methods: The powdered lettuce sample was extracted with ethanol/H2O (70:30, V/V) using ultrasonic extraction at the temperature of 50˚C and time of 30 minutes with the frequency of 40 KHZ and solid to solvent ratio of 1:20 (w/v) in an ultrasound water bath. The extractive yield, total phenolic compound (TPC) and IC50 were determined. The yielded extract was added to tallow olein in order to study its stabilizing effect. The protective effects of the extracts at different concentrations were evaluated by monitoring the peroxide, p-anisidine, totox values and oxidative stability index levels under accelerated oxidation. The antioxidant activities of the extract of the lettuce wastes at different concentrations to stabilise tallow olein were compared to BHA and BHT at 200 ppm concentration. Results: The extractive yield, TPC and IC50 were 30.45 ± 1.20 (%), 600.15 ± 6.29 (mg GAE /100g DW) and 174.05 ppm, respectively. The results indicated that the extract at 2000 ppm have a good activity as compared to BHT at 200 ppm. Conclusion: The antioxidant extract of the lettuce wastes might used as a natural antioxidant in retarding the oxidation rate of edible oils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Evaluation of the Antioxidative Effects of Black Tea Extracts
Z. Nazari M. Gharachorloo A. H. ElhamiradIntroduction: Oxidative rancidity is one of the important reactions in oils and fats. Tea contains some effective antioxidants namely tannin and catechins. In this research project the antioxidative activities of tea extract in comparison with tannic acid has been inves MoreIntroduction: Oxidative rancidity is one of the important reactions in oils and fats. Tea contains some effective antioxidants namely tannin and catechins. In this research project the antioxidative activities of tea extract in comparison with tannic acid has been investigated. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in order to compare the effects of three different extraction methods consisted of methanolic extraction, agarwal method and extraction with hot water. In order to investigate the antioxidant activities, three concentrations of tannic acid (0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%) and tea extract (0.1%, 0.5% and 1%) were added to four types of oils with different fatty acid unsaturation and composition (sunflower, canola, olive oils and tallow) separately. The induction period was measured by Rancimat at 120ºC and peroxide values were determined after 24 hours of heating intervals at 105ºC for six consecutive days. Results: According to the results, the highest extraction yield belonged to the hot water extraction method. The results showed that different concentrations of tea extract had antioxidative property. In sunflower and canola oils, 0.5% tea extract and 0.1% tannic acid and in tallow and olive oils, 1% tea extract and 0.1% tannic acid showed the highest activity to increase the induction period and to prevent the increase of peroxide values of oils. Olive oil containing natural antioxidants and tallow that is deficient in natural antioxidants showed increased induction periods as the concentrations of the extract were increased. Conclusion: Tannic acid and tea extract exhibited antioxidant activities by increasing the induction periods of oils and fats while preventing the increase of peroxide values. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Investigating the Possibility of Measuring Phenolic Compounds in Brown Sugar by DFT Method
P. Mesgaran Karimi M. HonarvarIntroduction: Sugar cane and the sugar produced from this plant contain various phenolic compounds with reasonable antioxidant potential. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of measuring phenolic compounds in brown sugar by DFT method. Mate MoreIntroduction: Sugar cane and the sugar produced from this plant contain various phenolic compounds with reasonable antioxidant potential. Therefore the aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of measuring phenolic compounds in brown sugar by DFT method. Materials and Methods: In this research work, sugar in second and third stages of cooking were sampled and by application of high performance liquid chromatography, the quality and the ratio of phenolic compounds were identified and determined. In the second stage, and for the first time, using the advanced computational method, the DFT density theory, based on Bond Desociation Energy (BDE) and Ionization Potential (IP), the antioxidant property of these types of compounds were obtained. For these calculations, particular attention has been paid to thermodynamic properties based on corrected enthalpy energy. Results: The results indicated that by comparing BDE and IP, the identified compounds showed that chenifrol alcohol had the highest and benzoic acid had the least antioxidant activity in both sugar cooking batch(II) and sugar cooking batch(III). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it was concluded that phenolic compounds identified in sugar cooking batch(II) and sugar cooking batch(III), benzoic acid and chenifrol alcohol have the least and the highest antioxidant properties respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Evaluation of Antioxidant and Chelating Activities of Ginger Extract
zahra kamali rosta maryam gharachorloo amirhosein elhami rad reza azizi nezhadIntroduction: Oxidation of oils and fats might be considered as the main factor affecting the quality of the food in general. This process might be controlled by the application of different methods and means. Antioxidants are regarded as a tool to achieve this aim. Alt MoreIntroduction: Oxidation of oils and fats might be considered as the main factor affecting the quality of the food in general. This process might be controlled by the application of different methods and means. Antioxidants are regarded as a tool to achieve this aim. Although the application of synthetic antioxidants due to their possible side effects might not be desirable, the application of natural antioxidants present in various food namely spices that have been consumed by man for years might be suitable alternatives. Therefore the aim of present investigation is to understand the antioxidant and chelating activities of chemical compounds present in ginger.Materials and Methods: Ginger extracts (Zingiber officinale Rosceo) were prepared by cold extraction using acetone and methanol as extracting solvents. Total phenolic compounds were determined and the extracts were added to tallow; a substrate free of natural antioxidants at concentrations of 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 %. Peroxide value and induction period measurements were employed as means to determine the antioxidant activities of the extracts were compared to TBHQ, the synthetic antioxidant. The chelating activities of the extracts were determined by the application of copper in the form of 4-cyclohexyl butyric acid copper salt followed by the determination of peroxide value and induction period of the substrate.Results: The results indicated that the antioxidant activities of the extracts are concentration dependent and as concentration is increase better activity is observed. The acetone extract at 0.1% should a good activity ever better than the addition of 0.01% TBHQ. The acetone extract also exhibited chelating activity at 0.1%.Conclusion: Both methanol and acetone extracts of ginger exhibited antioxidant and chelating activities when added to tallow a substrate free of natural antioxidants Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Evaluation of Anti-Fungal and Anti-Oxidant Properties of Chitosan and its Effect on the Moisture Absorption and Organoleptic Characteristics of Pistachio Nuts
Yahya Maghsoudlou Atefeh Maghsoudlo Morteza Khomeiri Mohammad GhorbaniIntroduction: Iran is one of the largest pistachio producer and exporter in the world. Unfavorable environmental storage conditions causes aflatoxin production, moisture absorption, tissue destruction, fat oxidation and undesirable flavor that leads to a drop in the qua MoreIntroduction: Iran is one of the largest pistachio producer and exporter in the world. Unfavorable environmental storage conditions causes aflatoxin production, moisture absorption, tissue destruction, fat oxidation and undesirable flavor that leads to a drop in the quality of the final product. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-fungal and antioxidant properties of chitosan and its impact on the organoleptic characteristics of pistachio nuts.Materials and Methods: Pistachio nuts were prepared and coated with 1% (V/V) acetic acid and chitosan at 0.5, 1 and 1.5% (V/W) concentrations. Acetic acid coated pistachio was used to understand the antimicrobial effect of acetic acid. Pistachio kernels were coated and kept at room temperature (25-27 °C) for six months. During storage samples were examined every two weeks for mould and yeast growth and development of Aspergillus, peroxide value, TBA value, moisture and weight changes and sensory characteristics. Experiments were performed in factorial form in a completely randomized design.Results: The results showed that chitosan and acetic acid significantly (p <0.05) inhibited the growth of the Aspergillus. Chitosan reduced the rate of oxidation reactions and by increasing chitosan concentration the anti-fungal and anti-oxidant activities were increased. Chitosan also prevented moisture absorption and weight changes in pistachio nuts. Chitosan at 1.5%concentration had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the flavor of pistachio, but at other concentrations did not affect the flavor. Chitosan did not affect the color, texture and general acceptance significantly (p >0.05).Conclusion: Chitosan was found to be a proper material for coating of pistachio nuts. Chitosan solution at 1% concentration was selected as the best treatment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Optimization of Spray Drying Process to Produce Microencapsulated Powders of Functional Extract Obtained from Red-Beet
Sh. YousefiIntroduction: Spray drying is one of the most important ways to prevent waste of strategic food products and their shelf life extension.Optimization of operating conditions involved in this system can be a suitable background to produce products with ideal physicochemic MoreIntroduction: Spray drying is one of the most important ways to prevent waste of strategic food products and their shelf life extension.Optimization of operating conditions involved in this system can be a suitable background to produce products with ideal physicochemical quality. Materials and Methods: The effect of three operating parameters including inlet air temperature (IAT, 130-160°C), air flow rate (AFR, 2-4 m3/h) and feed flow rate (FFR, 4-10 mL/min) was investigated to attain the microencapsulated powders of red-beet extract containing functional pigment of betalain using RSM. The yield of produced powders, content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of reconstituted extract were optimized. Results: The quadratic equations with high correlation coefficients (0.960-0.994) can well predict the optimal conditions to achieve the highest physicochemical efficiency. An increase in IAT and AFR had a significant effect on the decrease of the level of phenolic and antioxidant components of the obtained powders, while this trend led to an increase in the yield. The antioxidant and phenolic content of microencapsulated powders with low yield at higher FFRs are well maintained. The analysis of microscopy observations and particle size also confirmed the results clearly. The findings showed that the maximum physical yield (75%), phenolics content (1238.72 µg gallic acid/mL), and free-radical inhibition percentage (78.77%) can be obtained under the optimum conditions of 136.0°C IAT, 3.6 m3/h AFR, and 8.8 mL/min FFR. Conclusion: Production of high-quality powders microencapsulating red-beet extract under the optimal conditions might be a beginning to develop fortification of food products with the obtained powders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Some Rosaceae Plants as an Alternative to the Synthetic Antioxidants in Food Industry
فائزه Kamali A.R Sadeghi Mahonak زهرا Nasiri farIntroduction : The applications of natural antioxidants with medicinal values are growing in the preventive medicine and food industries. This study investigates the antioxidant ability of five species of Rosaceae family and compares the activities with the synthe MoreIntroduction : The applications of natural antioxidants with medicinal values are growing in the preventive medicine and food industries. This study investigates the antioxidant ability of five species of Rosaceae family and compares the activities with the synthetic antioxidants BHT, BHA as well as the natural ascorbic acid. Materials and Methods : In this study, the phenolic content of the methanolic extract of the samples were isolated and the antioxidant activities of five species of Rosaceae were determined by using DPPH free radical and nitric oxide scavenging , and the results were compared to the synthetic antioxidant Results : The results showed that the content of studied plant samples ranged from 0.51±0.41 – 35.53±0.89 mgGAEg -1. Concentraition of extract for scavening 50 percent of free radicals and nitric oxide radicals varied from 77.42 ± 0.91 to 1484.2 ± 96.44 and 233.24±3.39- 1572.46±203.76 Ug/ml. The highest phenolic amount was related to the Rosa damascena Mill leaf and next grade Cydonia oblonga Mill leaf. Extract of damask Rose, Quince leaves, damask Rose petals, Quine fruit and seed and Almond seed had high antioxidant activity and no significant difference was observed between them and the synthetic antioxidants (BHT, BHA and Vit C). Conclusion : The results of this study clearly suggested that there is a significant relationship between the antioxidant activity and the phenolic concentration and the extracts of damask Rose, Quince leaves, damask Rose petals, Quince fruit and seed and almond seed might be employed as appropriate alternatives to the synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Chelating Activities of Cinnamon Extract
Leila Kamali Roosta Mehrdad Ghavami Amir Hossein Elhami Rad Reza AzizinezhadIntroduction: Spices in addition to their flavor contribution are important sources of natural antioxidants. Therefore, due to the possible undesirable effects of synthetic antioxidants, the natural antioxidants that are present in fruits and vegetables and have been co MoreIntroduction: Spices in addition to their flavor contribution are important sources of natural antioxidants. Therefore, due to the possible undesirable effects of synthetic antioxidants, the natural antioxidants that are present in fruits and vegetables and have been consumed by man for years are preferred. In this project the antioxidant activity of cinnamon extract a popular spice used as a flavoring agent is evaluated.Materials and Methods: Acetone and methanolic extracts of cinnamon were obtained by the application of cold solvent method. Extraction efficiency was determined and total content of phenolic compounds were measured using Folin Ciocalteau method. Different concentrations of extracts at 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.06%, 0.08% & 0.1% were added to tallow a substrate free of natural antioxidant and the stabilities of the samples were determined. Peroxide value and induction period measurements were used as means to evaluate the antioxidant activities. The results were compared with a synthetic antioxidant; TBHQ at 0.01% concentration. The best concentration of extracts having antioxidant activity (0.1% concentration), was examined forchelation of copper metal in tallow as the substrate.Results: Extraction efficiency of cinnamon extract using methanol was higher than acetone, but the amount of phenolic compounds was higher when acetone was employed. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the extracts on tallow indicated that the activity was concentration dependent and the activity was increased as higher concentrations of the extracts were applied. The acetone extract at 0.1% concentration showed the highest activity after the synthetic antioxidant, TBHQ at 0.01% concentration. The addition of Cu in the formof its copper salt to tallow in combination with the extracts at 0.1% concentration indicated that these compounds might be regarded as chelating agents and the extract obtained by acetone was more effective in term of chelating property.Conclusion: Cinnamon extract in addition to the antioxidant activity, has chelating property on copper, and might be employed as a source of natural antioxidant and metal chelating agents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Effects of Ultrasound Treatments on Color, Antioxidant Compounds, Sugar Profile of Jahrom Lime Juice
Z. Alaei RoozbahaniIntroduction: Concerning the increase of consumers' knowledge about health and nutrition, consumers, along with increasing the shelf life of food products, want to maintain the original quality of the processed product. Sonication might be recognized as a potential tech MoreIntroduction: Concerning the increase of consumers' knowledge about health and nutrition, consumers, along with increasing the shelf life of food products, want to maintain the original quality of the processed product. Sonication might be recognized as a potential technique to improve improvement in the quality of fruit juices. Materials and Methods: The influence of thermal treatment and sonication on Physicochemical properties (°Brix, pH, electrical conductivity, cloud value and acidity), colour values, antioxidant compounds and activity (total phenolics, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, free radical scavenging activity), sugar profile, browning index and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content were investigated. Results: The results indicated that conventional pasteurization and sonication treatment did not show any significant changes in pH, acidity value, Brix, sugar and 5-HMF contents of juice, and however, a rise in cloud value and electrical conductivity and browning index were observed under all processing conditions. The thermal treatment caused the decrement in the bioactive compounds and antioxidants activity whereas sonication treatment for 90 min increased the maximum activity of bioactive compounds and antioxidants as compared to other treatment conditions and control. Some differences in all the colour values were also observed. Conclusion: thermal treatment causes decline in quality parameters of lime juice, whereas the significant increment in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity was observed in juice samples after being exposed to sonication treatment. Therefore, ultrasound treatment might be considered as a good alternative to the thermal treatment in beverage industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Optimization of the Production of Protein Hydrolysates from Cotton Seed by Response Surface Methodology
P. Shabani B. Akbari - AderganiIntroduction: Protein hydrolysates are compounds with low molecular weight that after entering the body are easily absorbed and play important biological roles in cellular levels. The most important functions of bioactive compounds are antioxidant, antimicrobial, antica MoreIntroduction: Protein hydrolysates are compounds with low molecular weight that after entering the body are easily absorbed and play important biological roles in cellular levels. The most important functions of bioactive compounds are antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer activities and enhance the immune system. The main objective of this study was to produce cotton seed protein hydrolysate using pepsin enzyme that was optimized by response surface methodology. Materials and Methods: The factors investigated in this study were temperature (30-40◦C), time (2-5h) and enzyme/substrate ratio (0.5-2%) in order to obtain maximum antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activities were investigated using 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and chelating activity. All of the experiments were designed according to the central composite design. Results: Each of the studied variables had a significant effect on the responses (p<0/05). The optimal conditions to achieve maximum antioxidant activity were temperature of 31.1◦C, time of 5h and enzyme/substrate ratio of 1.75%, respectively. Under these conditions, (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, chelating activity, total antioxidant capacity and degree of hydrolysis were 83%, 0.158 Å, 70%, 1.99 mmol α- tocopherol/mL and 31.75%, respectively. Conclusion: Cotton seed protein hydrolysates have exhibited good antioxidant activity and might be employed as a natural antioxidant in food products and formulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The Effect of Essential Oil of Thyme (Zataria multiflora boiss) on the Sensory Properties and Oxidative Stability of Mayonnaise
H. Khajavi A. Ahmadi DastgerdiIntroduction: Nowadays essential oils are considered as substitutes for synthetic additives in food products. Since the lipid oxidation is the main chemical process affecting mayonnaise deterioration, in this research, the antioxidant activity of essential oil ofthyme(Z MoreIntroduction: Nowadays essential oils are considered as substitutes for synthetic additives in food products. Since the lipid oxidation is the main chemical process affecting mayonnaise deterioration, in this research, the antioxidant activity of essential oil ofthyme(Zataria multiflora boiss)was determined for oxidative stability of treated mayonnaise (homogenized) during 6 months of storage. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant activities of the essential oil of thyme(0-150 µg/g) were investigated by DPPH method. The efficiency of this essential oil (144.4 µg/g) as a natural antioxidant in mayonnaise was studied by peroxide, anisidine, totox and thiobarbituric acid values. Results: GC analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of forty compounds. The essential oil characterized by a high number of monoterpenes such as thymol and carvacrol. Regarding anti-oxidation, the investigated essential oil strongly reduced the DPPH radical (IC50=144.4 g/ml). This study confirms that the essential oil of thymepossessed antioxidant properties in vitro. The results showed that the treatments containing essential oil and TBHQ significantly reduced the oxidation (p<0.05), while the control sample was oxidized faster. The essential oil had a significant effect on taste, odor and overall acceptance, but no significant difference was observed in color and texture. Conclusion: The results of the present experiments suggest that essential oil of thyme(Zataria multiflora boiss)can be used as a source of natural antioxidant for the application in food industries to prevent lipid oxidation particularly lipid-containing foods such as mayonnaise. Therefore, it can use as a natural antioxidant and flavoring compound in foods such as mayonnaise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Optimizing of Eruca sativa (khandal) Extraction by Microwave Method and its Application in Marinated Huso huso (Beluga) Fillet
P. Salami N. Mooraki M. HonarvarIntroduction: Marination accompanied with the application of functional plant extracts is aconvenient method to preserve fish meat. The present study aims to extract Khandalcontaining antioxidant compounds by the use of microwave and applying it to marinatedfillets of B MoreIntroduction: Marination accompanied with the application of functional plant extracts is aconvenient method to preserve fish meat. The present study aims to extract Khandalcontaining antioxidant compounds by the use of microwave and applying it to marinatedfillets of Beluga in order to increase its shelflife at 4±1ºC.Materials and Methods: Microwave extraction optimization according to the solvent type,solvent ratio (5–15.5cc), time (10-30min) and power (90-270W) through RSM and applyingthe optimum extract in respect to the total phenolic compounds and the inhibitory potential ofDPPH free radicals for preparing marinates (i.e. control, treatments containing10 (T1),20 (T2),and 30% (T3) extract( and storage during 20days at 4±1ºC and monitoring the physical,chemical and sensory properties and comparing the results and data were carried out usingone-wayANOVA and chi-square methods.Results: The results indicated that the optimal extract was obtained by the use of water for30min, at 90W and solvent ratio of 5. Moreover, it was revealed that TBA inT2wassignificantly controlled as compared to other groups and the amount of TVB-N, in T2 and T3were lower significantly (P<0.05) and being controlled. In terms of water activity, the highestamount was observed in T2 at days 0 and 10. The highest WHC was observed in the controlon day 0, which was decreased during storage time. The texture hardness, color, appearanceand odor didn’t show significant difference among the groups, but taste and oral sensationwere differed significantly over time. In terms of texture analysis, due to excessivemarinating, the samples became soft and watery and low score was obtained. Examination ofacid-salt taste showed that the marinated samples had acidic and salty taste.Conclusion: It is concluded that the sample containing 20% of extract was selected as thebest group in controlling chemical spoilage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - Lactic Fermentation of Camel Milk via some of Exopolysaccharide Bacteria Generator and Investigation of the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of the Resulted Product
M. Ghaforiyan H. Ezzatpanah A. Mohammadi Nafchi M. Tajabadi EbrahimiIntroduction: Due to the problems concerned in urban life and the consequences of noncommunicablediseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, it is necessary tochange the eating habits as a way to help and slow down the diseases. Camel milk is a healthy MoreIntroduction: Due to the problems concerned in urban life and the consequences of noncommunicablediseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, it is necessary tochange the eating habits as a way to help and slow down the diseases. Camel milk is a healthyvaluable source that can be presented on the consumers table and can be fermented to extendits shelf life. This research has studied the thermal process of camel milk with producingExololysaccharide bacteria which in addition exhibits antioxidant activity and is effective inimprovement of the sensory characteristics of fermented process.Materials and Methods: Camel milk has been heated at 85°C for 15 minutes and then isimpregnated with Exopolysaccharide bacteria including lactobacillus casei TD4, lactobacilluscasei T20, and lactobacillus plantarum. After incubation periods of first, seventh, fourteenthand twenty first days the physico-chemical characteristics particularly the antioxidant andsensory properties were evaluated.Results: The findings determined that the thermal process apart from the safety increased theshelf life of the product. Strains producing Exopolysaccharide beside the products as theresult of fermentation like lactic acid give the product more acceptability from consumerviewpoint and also have significant role in increasing the antioxidant activity. These productsat refrigerator temperature after 14 days have the highest antioxidant property.Conclusion: This research work indicated that the thermal process did not exhibit significanteffect on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the product. In factfermentation by suitable lactic bacteria makes it valuable due to the increase in the shelf life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - The Effect of Extraction Conditions on Antioxidant Properties of Zizyphus Fruit and Date Kernel Var. Mazafati
A. Namadipour A. R. Sadeghi Mahoonak M. GhorbaniIntroduction: Antioxidants are compounds that absorb free radicals and reduce the rate of oxidation, spoilage, colour changes and in general oxidative rancidity. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been limited for their possible side effects, therefore scient MoreIntroduction: Antioxidants are compounds that absorb free radicals and reduce the rate of oxidation, spoilage, colour changes and in general oxidative rancidity. The application of synthetic antioxidants has been limited for their possible side effects, therefore scientists have been searching for alternatives from natural sources. The aim of this study is to determine the optimum conditions to obtain date kernel and zizyphus fruit extracts. Materials and Methods: In this study, 9 solvent systems (3 single component solvent systems including water, ethanol and methanol and 6 two components solvent systems including water 50: ethanol 50, water 50: methanol 50, water 20: ethanol 80, water 80: ethanol 20 ,water 20: methanol 80 and water 80: methanol 20) at three time periods of 3, 5 and 7 hours in a shaking incubator with a stirring speed of 280 rpm were employed and the amount of extracted phenolic compounds were compared. After choosing the selected treatments evaluation of antioxidant activities concerning DPPH free radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power were performed. Results: the best solvent systems for zizyphus fruit extractions were water 50: ethanol 50 for two time periods of 5 and 7 hours and for date kernel extraction were water 50: ethanol 50 and water 20: ethanol 80 and ethanol for time period of 7 hours. All these extraction treatment were evaluated using antioxidant tests and solvent extraction system of water 50: ethanol 50 for period of 7 hours were selected as the best treatment. Conclusion: The results indicated that the solvent mixture consisting of polar and non-polar solvents had greater ability in extraction of phenolic compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - The Impact of Short-Term Garlic Supplements on Serum Total Antioxidant Capacity and Malondialdehyde in Active Men after Eccentric Exercise
A. Sadeghi M. GholamiIntroduction: Garlic increases the antioxidant levels of the body. The antioxidant defensive system in the body can reduce the oxidative stress and reduces the damage to the cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of short-term supplementation of garl MoreIntroduction: Garlic increases the antioxidant levels of the body. The antioxidant defensive system in the body can reduce the oxidative stress and reduces the damage to the cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of short-term supplementation of garlic on the total anti-oxidative capacity, malondialdehyde serum in active men after eccentric exercise. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy athlete males (age of 24 ± 3 years, body mass index of 24.4±1.3 kg.m-2, and VO2 max of 49.1±3.2 ml/kg/min) were randomly assigned to two equal groups: experimental (daily intake of 700 mg garlic capsules) and control (placebo) groups who used dextrose capsules for four weeks. The blood samples were taken at baseline, after completing a four-week period supplementation and after eccentric exercise (45 minutes of running with 9 set of 5-minutes with 80% oxygen consumption and 10% with a negative slope between each set of 2 minute active recovery with zero slopes). The parameters were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA, Bonferroni, with a significance level of a=0.05. Results: Garlic supplementation for four weeks increased the total antioxidant capacity in the pre exercise (P<0.05) significantly, but decreased after downhill running in two groups (P <0.05). Garlic supplementation did not have any effects on Malondialdehyde, therefore, there are not any significant differences between Malondialdehyde after supplementation among the two groups, but increased after downhill running in two groups. Conclusion: Garlic supplementation might reduce oxidative stress damage by increasing of TAC after eccentric exercise in active men. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Evaluation of Antifungal and Antioxidant Properties of Fennel Extract
N. Noshirvani H. Fasihi E. NourmohammadiIntroduction: The recent literature search has introduced fennel and its extracts as potential products with excellent properties and characteristics. The aim of this investigation is to obtain fennel extracts and evaluate its antioxidant and antifungal activities. Mate MoreIntroduction: The recent literature search has introduced fennel and its extracts as potential products with excellent properties and characteristics. The aim of this investigation is to obtain fennel extracts and evaluate its antioxidant and antifungal activities. Materials and Methods: Water, acetone, methanol and ethanol were employed as solvents and extracts were obtained by soxhlet procedure. The amount of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds of each extract was determined. In addition, the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of fennel was evaluated based on DPPH radical scavenging activity. Afterwards, the effect of different concentrations of methanolic extract (0, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm) and powder (500 and 1000 ppm) of fennel on the oxidantion activity of sunflower seed oil was investigated in terms of peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values during 15 days of incubation at 70 ⁰C. The antifungal activity of powder and extract of fennel against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum was also investigated by disc diffusion test. Results: According to the obtained results methanol represented the highest efficiency in extraction of phenolic compounds. The results indicated that fennel extract, especially at high concentrations, showed high DPPH radical-scavenging activity, however its effect was lower than that of TBHQ. The results of oxidation activity showed that the extract and powder of fennel, decreased the oxidation rate of sunflower seed oil as compared to the control. The results of microbiology test indicated good antifungal activity of fennel extract against the two tested microorganisms. Conclusion: Considering the results, fennel extract can be applied as a healthy plant source with good antioxidant and antifungal activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Investigate the Antioxidant Properties of Orange Peel Essential Oil (Citrus sinesis) on the Stability of Soybean Oil During Storage Conditions
B. Dehghan R. Esmaeilzadeh Kenari Z. Raftani AmiriIntroduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the type and amount of phenolic compounds in orange peel essential oil as a source of natural antioxidant and its effect on the oxidative stability of soybean oil. Materials and Methods: The compounds in orange peel MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the type and amount of phenolic compounds in orange peel essential oil as a source of natural antioxidant and its effect on the oxidative stability of soybean oil. Materials and Methods: The compounds in orange peel essential oil were determined using GC / MS. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the method of iron regeneration test and DPPHand then the essential oil in four different concentrations (2%, 5%, 10% and 20%) and the synthetic antioxidant TBHQ in the permissible range (0.01%) were added to soybean oil. Finally, the peroxide and thiobarbituric acid and conjugate diene values were determined. Results: D-Limonene was the predominant compound in orange peel essential oil. One gram of essential oil of orange peel contains 0.16 mg phenolic compounds based on dry galic acid. According to DPPH and regenerative power, orange peel essential oil showed antioxidant activity, although it was less active than TBHQ. Based on the oven test results as the concentration of essential oil is increased, higher antioxidant activity was observed. There was no significant difference between 5% and 10% concentrations based on the statistical tests, but with an increase in concentration up to 20%, the essential oil was acting as pro-oxidant (P <0.05). The result indicated that essential oil had the highest antioxidant activity at 5% concentration. Conclusion: The result indicated that the essential oil of orange peel had stabilising effect on soybean oil during thermal conditions as compared to control sample (P <0.05). Therefore, it might be employed as a natural antioxidant in foods, particularly those containing edible oils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Dorema Aucheri Extract in Soybean Oil
R. Mohammadi M. Fazel E. KhosraviIntroduction: Due to the recognized antioxidant activities of compounds present in herbs and spices, there has been considerable interests concerned with this subject and the biological systems. This research work has been carried out in order to investigate the antioxi MoreIntroduction: Due to the recognized antioxidant activities of compounds present in herbs and spices, there has been considerable interests concerned with this subject and the biological systems. This research work has been carried out in order to investigate the antioxidant activity of Dorema Aucheri plant and also the application of its ethanolic extract to refined bleached and deodorized soyabean oil to retard the rate of oxidation. Materials and Methods: The effects of water and 96% ethanol as solvents on extracting efficiencies of phenolic compounds and flavonoids of the sample were investigated. The antioxidant activities of the samples with different added concentrations of the extract using DPPH radical scavenging and Ferric-reducing power were determined and evaluated. Results: The results showed that the aqueous extract has the highest extraction rate as compared to the ethanolic extract, however the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds (21.73 ± 0.89 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (14.99 ± 0.60 mg QE/g sample), and the lowest IC50 concerned with DPPH (2.05 mg extract/ mg DPPH) and the highest rate of Ferric reducing power (14.13 ± 0.06 mM Fe+2/mg) were related to the ethanolic extract. The results of oven test also indicated that the ethanolic extract at certain concentrations could control the rate of oxidation. Conclusion: The results of this investigation suggested that the Dorema Aucheri ethanolic extract might be employed as an antioxidant. Therefor one might introduce Dorema aucheri as a good source of natural antioxidant due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Antioxidant Effects of Camel Milk in Rats Infected with Salmonella typhimurium
M. Fatemi F. Ghandehari M. AbasiIntroduction: Camel milk has high antioxidant activity because of vitamins, protein anddifferent enzymes and it can play an important role in the reduction of oxidative stress.Furthermore, camel’s milk has a stronger inhibitory effect against bacteria. In this res MoreIntroduction: Camel milk has high antioxidant activity because of vitamins, protein anddifferent enzymes and it can play an important role in the reduction of oxidative stress.Furthermore, camel’s milk has a stronger inhibitory effect against bacteria. In this researchsurvey the protective effect of camel milk against oxidative stress infection caused bySalmonella typhimurium in vivo conditions has been investigated. Salmonella infectionactivated phagocytic inflammatory cells by producing pro- inflammatory cytokines causes therelease of nitrogen and oxygen free radicals which it results in its cellular damage throughlike membranes lipids peroxidation and DNA and protein oxidative.Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (150±20g) divided into five groups (n=8). Group < br />A: contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC14028). Group B: Contaminated withSalmonella typhimurium and treated by camel milk (33ml/kg). Group C: contaminated withSalmonella typhimurium (1.5×108) and treated by camel milk and antibiotic cefixime(400mg/kg). Group D: treatment with camel milk. Group E: Injection control. Aftercompletion of the course, animals became unconscious. The animals decreased and theirintestine, liver, and kidney were separated and the level of enzyme activity like SOD andCAT were checked in the tissues.Results: Statistical analysis showed that the level of activity of enzymes SOD and CATdecreased in the tissues of the infected group to Salmonella typhimurium, and by followingtreatment with camel milk and treatment with camel milk and antibiotics, this reductionincreased to a normal level.Conclusion: Camel milk plays a useful role as antioxidant nutritional supplement againstSalmonella typhimurium in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Tocopherols from Ferula Persica and Evaluating the Effect of the Extract on the Stability of Sunflower Seed Oil as an Alternative to the Synthetic Antioxidant
B. Mehdinia Lichaei R. Esmaeilzadeh Kenari Gh. DinpanahIntroduction: The addition of antioxidants is one of the ways to protect the oil from oxidation. The aim of this research is to obtain ferula persica plant extract using supercritical fluid method and measure the phenolic compounds and tocopherols and also to evaluate t MoreIntroduction: The addition of antioxidants is one of the ways to protect the oil from oxidation. The aim of this research is to obtain ferula persica plant extract using supercritical fluid method and measure the phenolic compounds and tocopherols and also to evaluate the effect on the oxidative stability of sunflower seed oil during storage. Materials and Methods: Using supercritical fluids (SCF), the ethanolic extracts at different concentrations (100, 1500, 2000 and 2500 ppm) were prepared. Total amount of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in the extracts were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu and spectrophotometry procedures, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated and the concentration of 2500 ppm showed the highest antioxidant activity, therefore, this concentration was selected and added to sunflower seed oil. The oil was kept at room temperature for 60 days and peroxide value, carbonyl number, oxidative stability index, total polar compounds and acid value were measured every 15 day and compared with the synthetic antioxidant (TBHQ 100 ppm). Results: The concentrations of phenolic compounds and tocopherols in the SCF extract were determined and found to be 1495.81 mg as gallic acid and 58.6 mg alpha-tocopherol per 100 gram of extract. Conclusion: Ferula persica extract at the concentration of 2500 ppm due to the presence of both phenolic compounds and tocopherols exhibited antioxidant acivity in sunflower seed oil and have the ability similar to TBHQ that results in increased oxidative stability of the substrate, therefore, Ferula persica that is a natural product might be considered as a potent antioxidant to improve the stability of oils and fats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Optimization of the Extraction of the Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Compounds from Solanum nigrum Fruit using Response Surface Methodology
F. Khanlari A. Yasini Ardakani N. NasirizadehIntroduction: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a herbal plant indigenous to the north-east of Asia. The plant is believed to have various biological activities. In this study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum nigrum were determined u MoreIntroduction: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a herbal plant indigenous to the north-east of Asia. The plant is believed to have various biological activities. In this study, the optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Solanum nigrum were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). Materials and Methods: Extraction was carried out using different solvents in order to determine the best solvent for the highest extraction yield. Central composite design was employed to optimise the three independent variables such as incubation temperature (25–70 ºC), time (30–240 min) and liquid-to-solid ratio (10–20 ml/g). Total phenols (TP) was measured using Folin – Ciocalteu method and IC50 scavenging activity was analyzed using DPPH method. Results: The preliminary experiments with p<0.05 showed that ethanol was the best solvent for the extraction of Solanum nigrum. The experimental data were fitted into a second-order polynomial equation and 3D response surfaces showed that the optimal conditions were at the temperature of 70 ºC, time of 30 min and liquid to solid ratio of 20 ml/g. These optimum conditions obtained the total phenolic compounds of 18.04 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g and DPPHsc of 61.9 μg/ml. Conclusion: The result of this study indicated the suitability of the response surface methodology employed in optimizing the extraction conditions. The optimized conditions showed a fast and high extraction yield of phenolic and antioxidant compounds from Solanum nigrum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - A Review of Antioxidant Capacity Assays (Reactions, Methods, Pros and Cons)
سپیده Hosseini مریم Gharachorloo بابک Ghiassi Tarzi مهرداد GhavamiIntroduction: The role and beneficial effects of antioxidants against various human diseases and food deterioration induced by oxidative stress have received much attention. The free radical scavenging antioxidants are one of the important classes of antioxidants and th MoreIntroduction: The role and beneficial effects of antioxidants against various human diseases and food deterioration induced by oxidative stress have received much attention. The free radical scavenging antioxidants are one of the important classes of antioxidants and the assessment of their capacity has been the subject of extensive studies and argument. Various methods have been developed and applied in different systems, but many available methods result in inconsistent results. In this review article, the some available methods are critically reviewed on the basis of the mechanisms and procedure and pros and cons of the methods are proposed to assess the capacity of radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in vitro. Materials and Methods: The ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, ORAC, TRAO, CBA Fast BB, Folin-Ciocalteu and DSC assays were used to evaluate the comparability of the most common radical scavenging assays and achieve a wide range of technical principles of them. Results: Chemical-based methods are useful for assessment of antioxidant capacity, they are low cost, simple and yield an index value (expressed as equivalents of Trolox) that allows to compare the results. However, the antioxidant capacity indexes obtained by chemical assays cannot extrapolate the performance of the sample in vivo. Because some of the assays are done in non-physiological pH values, it is necessary to move to cellular assays in order to evaluate the potential antioxidant activity of a compound or extract. Animal models and human studies are more appropriate but also more expensive and time-consuming. Conclusion: At present, in spite of the diversity of methods, there is a great need to standardize the measurements of antioxidant activity. The consensus of opinion is that a mix of these tools should be used in assessing the antioxidant activities in vitro. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Providing a New Formulation Using Tamarindus indica and Origanum vulgare in Marinated Olives
M. Fahim Danesh S. T. EzzatiIntroduction: Marinated olives using various herbs, spices and pastes have become quite popular and demanding. This research work is concerned in providing new formulations of marinated olives using various concentrations of tamarind and oregano. Materials and Methods: MoreIntroduction: Marinated olives using various herbs, spices and pastes have become quite popular and demanding. This research work is concerned in providing new formulations of marinated olives using various concentrations of tamarind and oregano. Materials and Methods: Chemical evaluations concerned with pH, acidity, salt and antioxidant activities and microbiological evaluations concerned with lactic acid bacteria, molds and entrobacter followed by sensory evaluations related to aroma, color, taste and texture were carried out according to the defined standard. Results: The results indicated a decrease in pH and consequently an increase in acidity with a statistical analysis of 95% (p<0.05) using Duncan procedure. Both pomegranate paste and tamarind contain high concentrations of phenolic compounds that could act as primary antioxidants. By increasing tamarind concentration in relation to pomegranate paste, lactic acid bacteria were observed. The application of dried oregano increased molds growth as compared to the control without oregano. Salt concentration within the permitted limit had little effect on the growth of microorganisms. Conclusion: The samples containing 10% tamarind and 1% oregano scored the highest regarding the taste and flavor of the samples. The texture and color of the formulated product were not affected during 120 days of storage at 4 C. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - The Effect of Aerobic Training and Octopamine on Antioxidant Markers and Adiponectin in Rats Fed by Deep Heated Oils
A. Taavonkerdar Z. Etemad K. Mohamadzadeh Salamat K. AzizbeigiIntroduction: Today, deep frying is a common cooking method in which fat is used as a heattransfer medium, during which foods with unique properties in terms of taste, texture andappearance are produced. Deep heated oils produce toxins that endanger people's health. The MoreIntroduction: Today, deep frying is a common cooking method in which fat is used as a heattransfer medium, during which foods with unique properties in terms of taste, texture andappearance are produced. Deep heated oils produce toxins that endanger people's health. Thepurpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and Octopamineon some antioxidants indices and Adiponectin in rats fed with deeply heated oils.Materials and Methods: 40 Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into controlpoisoning(CP; n=8), Training-Poisoning (TP; n=8), Supplement-Poisoning (SP; n= 8),Supplement-Training-Toxicity (STT; n=8) and healthy-control group (HC; n=8) wereincluded, and they were fed for four weeks. The training program lasted for four weeks withan average intensity of 50-65% vo2max daily for 20 minutes. Octopamine was used as asupplement for 4 weeks and 5 days a week using itraperitoneal injection of 81 μmol / kg.Super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and Adiponectin(ADIPOQ) concentration were measured in the plasma.Results: The results showed that the SOD activity, TAC, and ADIPOQ concentration wereincreased in the TP, STT, and SP than CP (p≥0.001). However, there is no significantdifference between TP, STT, and SP in the mentioned variables (p=0.05).Conclusion: It might be concluded that exercise training or taking octopamine alone to havethe health benefits of both, and in terms of cost, each seems to be more cost-effective thancombining both. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita L) Extract
A. Abaee M. Mohammadian S. JaberipourIntroduction: Nowadays, there is a great intetest to use natural additives in food products especially compunds that are extracted from plants. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant native to Europe. It has been used traditionally MoreIntroduction: Nowadays, there is a great intetest to use natural additives in food products especially compunds that are extracted from plants. Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is an annual herbaceous flowering plant native to Europe. It has been used traditionally as a medicinal and pharmaceutical preparation due to its anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. Materials and Methods: The amount of polyphenolic compounds and radical-scavenging activity of the aqueous extract of chamomile were studied under different conditions of heating, pH alterations and storage. Results: Heat treatment of 70-120°C at pH of either 5.6 or 2.6 for 5 and 15 minutes did not influence the phenolics content. However, acidification of the extract from the inherent value of 5.6 to 2.6 decreased the polyphenols content by 10%. The antioxidant activity of the extract decreased due to heating at 70, 80 and 90°C and the higher the heating temperature and the longer the heating duration, the lower was the antioxidant activity of the heat-treated extract. The amount of polyphenols in the extract with the inherent pH of 5.6 was increased over 25-day storage period that was attributed to the release of some phenolic compounds being bound to other compounds. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that polyphenols present in aqueous extract of chamomile are resistance to thermal process. But, the antioxidant activity of extract was reduced as the result of heating. However, it can be concluded that the phenolic compounds of chamomile extract had a high resistance to heat and showed a significant antioxidant activity after pasteurization process. Moreover, the phenolic compounds of the extract were stable in acidic pH during long-term maintenance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Improve Oxidative Stability of Beef-Tallow Oil Using Antioxidant Properties of Green tea and Lecithin
M. Ardahe Sh. ShahriariIntroduction: Green tea contains modarats quantities of natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Due to the fact that the synthetic antioxidants might have adverse effects on human health, the applications of natural compounds that have been consumed by man are per MoreIntroduction: Green tea contains modarats quantities of natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Due to the fact that the synthetic antioxidants might have adverse effects on human health, the applications of natural compounds that have been consumed by man are performed. Materials and Methods: In this research the extract of the green tea was isolated and examined for total phenolic content using folin-ciocalteav method. The extract was investigated for antioxidant activity using free radical scavenging (DPPH), discolouration of the beta carotene-linoleic acid and the oxidative stability index methods. In the following, tea extract and lecithin were added to the beef-tallow at the concentrations 100, 300, 600 and 900 ppm and 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5% and combined 900 ppm lecithin + 0.5% tea extract ،600 ppm lecithin + 0.5% tea extract respectively. The peroxide value, free fatty acid and oxidation stability index of the tea extract and lecithin containing samples and the control sample were compared. Results: The results indicated that green tea extract at the concentration of 600 ppm showed a good activity that was equivalent to Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), the synthetic antioxidant. The synergistic activity of the added phospholipids and the natural antioxidant present in green tea indicated that the activity was concentration dependent concerning the synergist. Conclusion: It might be concluded that application of tea extract in lecithin improves the combination with oxidative of stability of beef-tallow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Green Synthesis of Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles by Curcumin Extracted from Turmeric and Evaluation of its Antioxidant activity
N. Khosh Lahjeha K. Larijani E. Pournamdari F. , Zamani Hargalani H. SaeidianIntroduction: Gold nanoparticles can be used as a protective compound in the packaging of nutritionally valuable materials due to their non-toxic effects on humans and high antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Other applications in the food industry, such as the co MoreIntroduction: Gold nanoparticles can be used as a protective compound in the packaging of nutritionally valuable materials due to their non-toxic effects on humans and high antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Other applications in the food industry, such as the construction of sensors to identify the remnants of hazardous materials from agricultural and industrial processes, are conceivable for these materials. One of the methods of synthesis of these nanoparticles is the use of natural compounds due to reducing the side effects of chemicals, a new approach that in recent years has been referred to as "green chemistry".Materials and Methods: gold nanoparticles were synthesized using curcumin purified from turmeric as the main source of this compound. The synthesis process was investigated using UV-VIS, FT-IR spectroscopy methods. The structure and morphology of the nanoparticles were performed using XRD spectroscopy and TEM and SEM imaging. The antioxidant properties of gold-curcumin nanoparticles were evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging method.Results: Au-nanoparticles were synthesized using the green chemistry method using curcumin purified from turmeric in the form of a cross and cubic crystal structure of filled funds with an average size of 9.80 nm. Antioxidant studies showed that the free radical scavenging ability of gold-curcumin nanoparticles was increased as compared to pure curcumin.Conclusion: Curcumin as a natural compound with antioxidant properties has the ability to reduce gold ions and convert them into nanoparticles, and due to the use of these nanoparticles in the food industry, this method can be used as a green, inexpensive and eco-friendly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Antioxidative Activity and Functional Properties of Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysate of Spirulina platensis
M. Forutan M. Hasani Sh. Hasani N. Salehi -
Open Access Article
72 - The Effect of Aloe vera Gel and Chitosan as an Oral Coating on the Quality Properties and Shelf Life of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) during Storage
amin imani elham danaee -
Open Access Article
73 - The Correlation of Plant Species and Geographical Regions on Biological Component and Antioxidant Potential of Different Honey
M. Nouri -
Open Access Article
74 - Phytochemical and antioxidant screening of Lepidium latifolium L. extract: Function in fish product preservation
Nastaran Samadian M. NouriThe aim of present study is to investigate physicochemical attribute, antioxidant function, antimicrobial activity and sensory feature in Lepidium latifolium L. (L. latifolium) extract on fish burgers during the shelf life. Initially, L. latifolium was extracted using s MoreThe aim of present study is to investigate physicochemical attribute, antioxidant function, antimicrobial activity and sensory feature in Lepidium latifolium L. (L. latifolium) extract on fish burgers during the shelf life. Initially, L. latifolium was extracted using soxhlet (LES), ultrasound (LEU) and supercritical water (LEW) as well as the major components were assessed using more performance liquid chromatography, which sinigrin and glucosinolates constituents were identified. The results illustrated that satisfactory values were obtained for these values in the treated sample by LEU; in next step, 0.2 % of each extract was added to fish burgers. The control and treated samples were tested to determine pH level, cooking yield, color features, thiobarbituric acid (TBAR), peroxide value (PV), microbial population, sensory evaluation and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The lowest TBAR and PV levels were found to be 0.38 and 0.40 (mg malonaldehyde) as well as 4.22 and 4.28 (meqO2/kg) for treated fish burgers by LEU and LEW, respectively (p < 0.05). The most sensory desirability was observed for treated sample by LEU, which also exhibited the uniform structure in SEM images compared to others. In conclusion, fish burgers obtained by LEU and LEW can be considered as optimal samples to preserve burgers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - Preparation and Investigation of Bioactive Properties of Protein Hydrolysates from Yogurt Whey
N. Karimi R. Pourahmad S. Taheri O. Eyvazzadeh -
Open Access Article
76 - Germinated Legumes (Mung Bean and Cowpea) as Potential Commodities for Preparing Complementary Baby Foods
A. Yasser K. Rezaei M. Salami -
Open Access Article
77 - The Stabilizing Effect of Natural and Synthetic Antioxidant on Mutton Tallow- Evaluation of DSC and its Comparison with Rancimat
Y. Ramezam M. Ghavami M. Bahmaei M. H. Givianrad A. H. Hemmasi -
Open Access Article
78 - Use of Alcoholic Extracts of Chicory, Clove and Pomegranate Peel in Production of Functional Ice- cream with Desirable Quality
S. Ghazizadeh R. Pourahmad L. Nateghi -
Open Access Article
79 - Effects of Ultrasonic and High-Pressure Homogenization Pretreatment on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Antioxidant Activity of Yeast Protein Hydrolysate
Z.S. Moosavi S. Mirdamadi M. Mirzaei M. Laripoor -
Open Access Article
80 - The Stabilizing Effect of Three Varieties of Crude Mango Seed Kernel Oil on Tallow
J Jafari M Gharachorloo M. H. Hemmaci -
Open Access Article
81 - Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil Isolated from Verbena officinalis
M. Gharachorloo M. Amouheidari -
Open Access Article
82 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Massecuit III in Pasteurized Chocolate Milk Formulation
E. Afrasiabi M. Honarvar M. Mizani -
Open Access Article
83 - Encapsulation of Tribulus terrestris and Valeriana officinalis Extracts in Nanoliposomes and Evaluation of its Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties
M. Nouri M. Shafaghi Rad -
Open Access Article
84 - Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Achillea Nobilis Extract and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial properties
S. Mohamad Ebrahimzadeh Sepasgozar Sh. Mohseni B. Feyzizadeh A. Morsali -
Open Access Article
85 - Evaluation of the Antioxidant Potential of Fennel Seed Extract as Compared to the Synthetic Antioxidants in Margarine under Accelerated Storage Condition
Y. Mahdi R. Bassiri -
Open Access Article
86 - Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Antimicrobial Effect of Rosa damascena Mill. Essential Oil Against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi
P. Kheirkhahan M. Ghavami A. Sharifan -
Open Access Article
87 - Sequential Solvent Extraction of Red-Onion (Allium cepa L) Skin: Influence of Solvent Polarity on Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Activity
S. Mahdian Kouchaksarayi S.M. Vahdat M. Hejazi M. Khavarpour Z. Salimi -
Open Access Article
88 - Effect of nickel and pH on antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Cladophora glomerata
Zohreh Senobari Naser Jafari Mohammad Ali EbrahimzadehExcess Ni concentration is considered as a stressful factor for algae, and can affect their growth as alimiting factor. Ni toxicity can also induce oxidative stress in algae and plants by producing freeradicals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different conce MoreExcess Ni concentration is considered as a stressful factor for algae, and can affect their growth as alimiting factor. Ni toxicity can also induce oxidative stress in algae and plants by producing freeradicals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Ni and pH onantioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents ofextracts were determined by Folin-Ciocaltue assay and expressed based on mg of gallic acid per g ofextract. Then the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts was assessed by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In this study, the highest phenolic content (1873 mg gallic acid/g extarct) andflavonoid content (1106 mg quercetin/g extarct) were obtained at pH=5. In the antioxidant activitytest, the maximum IC50 was recorded at pH=9. The results indicated that ethanolic extract ofCladophora glomerata has a noticeable antioxidant ability against various oxidative systems and itcan be used as an accessible source of natural antioxidant in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Assessment of antiradical and antioxidant potentials in two red and brown algae from Persian Gulf in Booshehr province in comparison with leaf of mangrove (Avicennia marina)
Mohsen Heidari abdolali movahedinia Saba HosseiniBackground and Objective: Some metabolites derived from plants have strong potential for free radical cleaning. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the antioxidant and antiradical properties of leaf extract of mangrove, Avicennia marina, and two red and b MoreBackground and Objective: Some metabolites derived from plants have strong potential for free radical cleaning. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the antioxidant and antiradical properties of leaf extract of mangrove, Avicennia marina, and two red and brown algae (Gracilaria corticata and Cystoserriaceae myrica), from coastal areas of Persian Gulf in Booshehr province. Method: Extraction of two species of brown and red algae and mangrove was done by soaking method from coast of the Persian Gulf, and also antioxidant activities of extracts of added species were recorded using DPPH and RP tests. Findings: According to the DPPH test, the highest antioxidant activity was observed in ethanol extract of mangrove leave and the lowest was observed in brown algae C. myrica. The highest antioxidant activity by RP test was observed in methanol extract of brown algae C. myrica and the lowest was observed in ethanol extract of mangrove leave. There were also significant differences (sig<0.05) between methanol extract of C. myrica and other prepared extracts according to the RP test. Conclusion: In this study, the highest anti-oxidant activity was found in methanolic extract of algae C. myrica (by RP test) and in leaf extract (etanolic) of mangrove A. marina (by DPPH test). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - بررسی خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره های اتانولی، پروپیلن گلایکولی و گلیسرولی گیاه Helichrysum oocephalum Boiss
عالمه سرایانی ندا امینیHarmful chemicals, exposure to various types of radiation, and lifestyle changes have disrupted the oxidative balance in the body, as a result of which the amount of free radicals has increased, and this increase has a direct role in causing various diseases such as can MoreHarmful chemicals, exposure to various types of radiation, and lifestyle changes have disrupted the oxidative balance in the body, as a result of which the amount of free radicals has increased, and this increase has a direct role in causing various diseases such as cancer. Therefore, it is very necessary to identify compounds with antioxidant properties, since plants are rich in antioxidant compounds and are available to people, so the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the antioxidant properties of Helichrysum oocephalum Boiss plant extract. In this research, after collecting the plant, its aerial parts and roots were powdered, then extraction was done by maceration method. For this purpose, three different solvents (propylene glycol, ethanol and glycerol) were used and the concentrations were 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/ml were obtained from propylene glycol, ethanol and glycerol extracts. Finally, the antioxidant properties of the extracts were measured using the DPPH test. Using the IC50 test, the concentration of the extract, which has antioxidant properties, was obtained. The results showed that the propylene glycol extract of the plant at a concentration of 40 mg/ml has the highest antioxidant properties, while the glycerol and ethanol extracts were ranked next. Statistical analysis also showed a significant difference (P<0.05). Also, the IC50 value for propylene glycol extract is equal to 12.40, which shows the high antioxidant power of the desired extract compared to the control, and the ethanol and glycerol extracts are after the propylene glycol extract, respectively. It seems that the propylene glycol extract of the plant at a concentration of 40 mg/ml can be used as an antioxidant compound in various industries including pharmaceuticals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Evaluation amount of compounds phenolic acids and Poly phenolic as for pepper varieties several by HPLC
نسرین رنجبر reza heidari rashid jameiPepper is a bush shrub that belonging to the Capsicum family. From a long time ago due to the effects of hyperglycemia and hypertension has long been used in traditional medicine in Iran. The most important metabolites pepper are phe The aim of this study was comparison MorePepper is a bush shrub that belonging to the Capsicum family. From a long time ago due to the effects of hyperglycemia and hypertension has long been used in traditional medicine in Iran. The most important metabolites pepper are phe The aim of this study was comparison the amount of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and Flavonoid in pepper extract collected from different parts of Iran and investigate its antioxidant properties .method: pepper plants collected of Isfahan, Urmia and Turkey in 1392.and kept in the freezer - 80 ° C until metabolites measurement . Then preparing the mix the peppers with methanol acidic, and measured phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties by HPLC.Result:Investigate methanol extracts of different areas showed that The highest amount of phenolic compounds according to vanilla acid (1.5 mg /g dry weight) as to reza Shahr and anthocyanins based on cyanidin - glucoside was as to Urmia region peppers and peppers area of Shahr Reza also had better antioxidant activity than other areas. Conclution: The results show that the pepper plant is rich in phenolic compounds and also have antioxidant properties. Eventually, it can be used as a herbal source of the antioxidant compound in food and pharmaceutical industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Evaluation of Antioxidant activity, Total phenolic and Flavonoid content of the extract of Adonis aestivalis L. collected from Lorestan Province
mahboubeh taherkhani مجید قربانی مرضیه حسینیAdonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is MoreAdonis aestivalis L. belongs to the Ranunculoidae sub family of Ranunculaceae family. Up to now many reports has proven the presence of tetraterpenoids, phenolic compounds and cardiac glycoside in the genus Adonis. The most important mentioned effect of A. aestivalis is it's uses in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia or sexual problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content of the methanolic (%80) and ethyl acetate extract of A. aestivalis and compare them with each other. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined using the Folin ciocalteau assay at the presence of galic acid as standard and also the total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using spectrophotometer methods at the presence of catechin as standard. Antioxidant activity of the extracts of A. aestivalis was determined upon Ferric-Reducing-Antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The result showed that the total phenolic content of the methanolic extract was determined to be 607.262.35 mg GAE/g sample and total flavonoid content 97.810.007 mg catechin equivalent/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (378.378.64 mg GAE/g sample, 89.730.003 mg catechin equivalent/g sample, respectively). Also the FRAP properties of the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis was determined to be 3.9850.001 mg GAE/g sample more than ethyl acetate extract (3.4940.0004) mg GAE/g sample. The results showed that the methanolic extract of A. aestivalis has high antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content. Therefore further comprehensive investigation is required to determine the antioxidant properties of A. aestivalis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Correlation of Total Antioxidants Levels and Malondialdehyde with Sperm Parameters and Chromatin integrity in Asthenoteratozoospermia Men
rahil jannatifar Zahra Ebrahimi Hamid piroozmanesh seyedeh Saeideh SahraeiBackground and purpose: Sperm dysfunction caused by reactive oxygen species (ROSs) is one of the major causes of infertility in men, which leads to, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the formation of stable peroxidation products like Malondialdehyde (MDA) in seminal plasma. MoreBackground and purpose: Sperm dysfunction caused by reactive oxygen species (ROSs) is one of the major causes of infertility in men, which leads to, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the formation of stable peroxidation products like Malondialdehyde (MDA) in seminal plasma. MDA is effective factor in reducing fertility. The aim of this study is to determine two biochemical markers of oxidative stress; TAC and MDA, and correlation to sperm parameters and chromatin integrity at asthenoteratozoospermia men. Materials and methods: In this study, a case-control study was carried out in two groups of 50 fertilized men and 50 asthenoteratozoospermia men in Qom IVF center; Iran. Semen analysis was performed according to WHO (2010) guidelines. DNA damage, protamine deficiency and TAC, MDA levels in all patients were measured by kit methods, respectively. Results: According to our results, the percentage of sperm parameters in the infertile men were lower than the fertile men (p <0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in DNA damage and protamine deficiency between the two groups (p <0.05). Lower TAC levels (1.82± 0.11 vs. 2.25 ± 0.13) and higher MDA levels (2.36 ± 0.09 vs. 1.97 ± 0.10) were observed in infertile men with asthenoteratozoospermia compared to fertile men.Conclusion: These results suggest that decreasing TAC and increasing MDA lead to low sperm parameters and high DNA integrity in sperm of asthenoteratozoospermia men. Therefore, evaluation of oxidative status and antioxidant defenses system may be as a useful tool for diagnosis and treatment of male infertility especially in idiopathic male infertility Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Evaluation of antioxidant properties of soxhlet extraction of Lavandula stoechas L.
Rohollah Hosseini nia fard Gholam Reza Najafi Manocheh FadaeianLavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is a medicinal plant with essence and belongs to mint family and natively grows in Iran. Its traditionally used for curing joint`s point, cramps, and cold. After recognition and gathering, the Lavender plant was dried in good conditions MoreLavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is a medicinal plant with essence and belongs to mint family and natively grows in Iran. Its traditionally used for curing joint`s point, cramps, and cold. After recognition and gathering, the Lavender plant was dried in good conditions. After that, using the Soxhlet machine, water solvents, Hexane, and solution of water and ethanol the essence was extracted. After condensing the essence with rotary machine, Spectrophotometer, and finally with GC-MS machine, it was studied and analyzed. In the Hexane extract of the plant Decane, Dodecane, Camphore, Tetradecane, 3-Methylnonane , and 1,8 Cineol had the maximum percentage respectively. Antioxidant activity evaluation with DPPH method showed that the blue extract had the most sensitivity. nce was extracted. After condensing the essence with rotary machine, Spectrophotometer, and finally with GC-MS machine, it was studied and analyzed. In the Hexane extract of the plant Decane, Dodecane, Camphore, Tetradecane, 3-Methylnonane , and 1,8 Cineol had the maximum percentage respectively. Antioxidant activity evaluation with DPPH method showed that the blue extract had the most sensitivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Investigation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and evaluation of antioxidant activities of Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. extract from Kolakchal region, Tehran Province
ZAHRA SADAT AGHAKHAH RAZLIGHI Rustaiyan Abdolhossein Kambiz LarijaniThis plant Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, is derived from traditional Iranian medicine and vicinal countries which is used both edible and topical for treatment. For the first time in this research the amount of total phenol, MoreThis plant Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, is derived from traditional Iranian medicine and vicinal countries which is used both edible and topical for treatment. For the first time in this research the amount of total phenol, Flavonoid and antioxidant property of aerial parts extract of plant of Iran in the Kolakchal area (Tehran-Iran) were investigated. To measure The amount of Phenol and Flavonoid respectively is used from reagents Folin- Ciocalteu and Alcl3 and the method DPPH is used to measure the Antioxidant potential. The result showed the phenolic content for samples respectively 0.925 milligram of galic acid per gram dry weight and 18.887 milligram quercetin per gram dry weight. In evaluation of antioxidant potential by method DPPH amount of Ic50 for BHT 72301/428 µgr/ml and for the extract is 45829/364 µgr/ml. As a result, the antioxidant activity of this plant have higher potential against the antioxidant synthesis of BHT. The results of this study showed that this plant has a good antioxidant power against a variety of oxidative systems and as an accessible natural antioxidant can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigation of Antioxidant Activity in Seed, Peel and Juice Extracts of Some Samples Iranian Pomegranate
Gholam Reza NajafiObjective: In this research, a study was performed on several pomegranate populations from different cities of Iran, including: Qom, Saveh, Khorasan and Yazd (Qajagh poand black seed of Qom, Yazd Mikhosh and Khorasan glass pomegranate). For this purpose, characteristics MoreObjective: In this research, a study was performed on several pomegranate populations from different cities of Iran, including: Qom, Saveh, Khorasan and Yazd (Qajagh poand black seed of Qom, Yazd Mikhosh and Khorasan glass pomegranate). For this purpose, characteristics such as the amount and type of compounds in the juice, antioxidant activity and evaluation of the active ingredients of tannins and flavonoids were considered.Material and Methods: In order to extract the juice, water and dried peel of the plant were drenched separately in water and methanol. The solvent was separated using a rotary and after drying the extract by vacuum oven, the samples were used in the antioxidant test of free radical reduction methods (DPPH).Results: The results of antioxidant test showed that sweet-and-sour Saveh pomegranate peel extract has the highest antioxidant effect in methanol solvent. Tannin test was performed on black seeds of Qom and Yazd. So, it was found that black seed pomegranate of Qom has the highest amount of tannin compounds. Based on the results of flavonoid test, black seed pomegranate had the highest amount. Finally, the chemical composition of black seed juice in Qom province was identified.Conclusion: These results showed that Qom black seed pomegranate has large amounts of natural sugars. Also, by comparing the amount of tannin in the samples, it was observed that the total amount in the sample of Yazd pomegranate is more than Qom black seed, but the amount of flavonoids in Qom black seed is more than Yazd pomegranate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Investigating the effect of nanoparticles with antioxidant properties on free radicals
Fatemeh Moradi Nadia Mahmoudi KhatirObjectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of nanoparticles with antioxidant properties on free radicals.Materials and methods: In order to achieve the goal of the research, the content and results of valid research articles related to the subjec MoreObjectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of nanoparticles with antioxidant properties on free radicals.Materials and methods: In order to achieve the goal of the research, the content and results of valid research articles related to the subject of the current research have been analyzed and reviewed.Findings: Examining and analyzing the results of studies that have dealt with the effect of nanoparticles with antioxidant properties on free radicals, showed that nanoparticles have recently received much attention due to their many applications and unique properties. Oxidative stress is the cause of many diseases in humans. Oxidative stress is a phenomenon in which the balance between antioxidant defense and oxidants in the cell is disrupted. Antioxidants prevent damage caused by oxidants. Although antioxidants have been known for a long time, research on improved natural or synthetic antioxidants is still a topic of interest due to their important practical applications. Antioxidants may suffer from low stability under oxygen and in biological systems can be degraded before reaching their target sites; Or they can have adverse health effects that limit their use. Sometimes, it is desirable to remove the antioxidants from the homogenous system to which they have been added, after they have taken effect. In this context, nanotechnology has opened new opportunities to exploit the unique and innovative properties of nanomaterials, possibly in combination with some common natural or synthetic compounds, with the aim of achieving pioneering "nano-antioxidants" with enhanced properties. Some nanomaterials, including organic metal oxides (e.g., melanin, lignin) (i.e., cerium oxide) or metal nanoparticles (e.g., gold), exhibit intrinsic redox activity, often by scavenging radicals and/or It is associated with superoxide dismutase-like and catalase.Conclusions: Inorganic nanoparticles have been successfully evaluated in terms of antioxidant properties. Recently, nano antioxidants have shown the ability to reduce oxidative stress with greater sensitivity, cellular antioxidant activity and minimal cytotoxic effects and targeted delivery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Synthesis, characterization, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of a heptadentate N4O3-type Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes
Roya Ranjineh Khojasteh Sara Jalali Matin -
Open Access Article
99 - Antioxidant Activity and Electrochemical Properties of Tetradentate Schiff Bases and Their Cd(II) Complexes
Roya Ranjineh Khojasteh -
Open Access Article
100 - The response of oxidative stress indicators to grape seed extract supplementation and resistance training in bodybuilders
fariba joshaghani hamzeh rahmani amin yosefvandBlack grape seed extract (GSE) is one of the supplements that have strong antioxidant effects with flavonoid properties that can prevent or reduce cell damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of oxidative stress indicators to grape seed extract MoreBlack grape seed extract (GSE) is one of the supplements that have strong antioxidant effects with flavonoid properties that can prevent or reduce cell damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of oxidative stress indicators to grape seed extract supplementation and resistance training in bodybuilders. The methodology of the present research was conducted in the form of a semi-experimental design in two supplement and control groups with blood sampling on two occasions before and after taking the supplement in a double-blind manner. The statistical population of the present study consisted of 24 male bodybuilders with an age range of 15-19 years and they were divided into two groups: supplement and placebo. About 5 ml of blood was taken from the subjects in each of the fasting blood sampling sessions. Measurement of blood indices included antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The normality of data distribution was done using ShapiroWilk tests. The findings of the research results indicate that performing bodybuilding resistance exercises caused a significant increase in cell damage indices (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) and malondialdehyde index and a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05). Consumption of grape seed extract increased total antioxidant capacity. The present results show that performing bodybuilding activities increases the indicators of cell damage and oxidative stress, and the consumption of grape seed extract (100 mg per day) increases the total antioxidant capacity in male bodybuilders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extract of asgari grape residue
Seyed Hashem AkhlaghiIn this study, water and ethanol extracts of grape residuum was prepared by ultrasound and percolation extraction methods. The total amount of phenolic compounds present in the extracts was determined by of Folin ciocalteu method, free radical scavenging strength was de MoreIn this study, water and ethanol extracts of grape residuum was prepared by ultrasound and percolation extraction methods. The total amount of phenolic compounds present in the extracts was determined by of Folin ciocalteu method, free radical scavenging strength was determined by DPPH method and chelating ability of iron ion was determined by Ferrozine assay. Analysis of variance with SAS program showed that the effect of solvent, time, intensity and interaction [intensity × time] and [intensity × solvent] and [Time × solvent] on the strength of radical scavenging has significant difference in 0.01 (one percent) between the experimental levels. Comparison of means showed that the 50% radical scavenging power (IC50) of ethanol extract is more than aqueous extract. Maximum radical scavenging power for ultrasound extract was observed at 40 minutes sonication and minimum power was observed at 30 minutes sonication. Increase the intensity of ultrasound can reduce radical scavenging power, while its maximum was observed in the intensity of 20% and its minimum in the intensity of 40 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Molecular Docking and DFT Study On the Interaction Between Quercetin on surface B12N12 Fullerene
Mohammad Taghi BaeiAdsorption and antiradical activity of quercetin molecule on B12N12 fullerene surface have been investigated with the help of density functional theory (DFT) in B3PW91-D and M06-2X-D methods. Adsorption values and topologies analysis showed that this molecule is adsorbe MoreAdsorption and antiradical activity of quercetin molecule on B12N12 fullerene surface have been investigated with the help of density functional theory (DFT) in B3PW91-D and M06-2X-D methods. Adsorption values and topologies analysis showed that this molecule is adsorbed to the B12N12 fullerene surface and causes significant changes in the electronic properties of the fullerene. The antioxidant activities of quercetin molecule and B12N12/Que complex have been investigated using M06-2X-D level of theory based on hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT) and SPLET method. To better understand the antioxidant properties, the values of bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), proton affinity (PA) and electron transfer enthalpy (ETE) of quercetin on the B12N12 fullerene surface in gas, benzene, Ethanol and water have been calculated. The results showed that in gas and solvent phases, the adsorption of quercetin on B12N12 fullerene increased the antioxidant activity of quercetin, the interaction energy and inhibition constant in the molecular docking method also confirm these results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Green Synthesis of iron nanoparticles using peppermint extract and spectroscopic application in characterization and evaluation of its antioxidant properties
Seyed Hashem Akhlaghi ابوالفضل موسوی محمد مهرشادIn this study, leaf extracts were used to synthesize green nanoparticles of iron nanoparticles. Antioxidant properties of leaf extracts and extracts containing nano-iron particles were determined. Structural study of iron nanoparticles was performed using scanning elect MoreIn this study, leaf extracts were used to synthesize green nanoparticles of iron nanoparticles. Antioxidant properties of leaf extracts and extracts containing nano-iron particles were determined. Structural study of iron nanoparticles was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The formation of iron nanoparticles was confirmed by changing the color of the solution from yellow to brown. Antioxidant properties were observed in both leaf-containing extract and iron-containing extract of iron nanoparticles, and the addition of iron nanoparticles increased the antioxidant properties of peppermint. Structural analysis of iron nanoparticles using scanning electron microscopy showed that the shape of the particles is spherical and its average dimensions are 80-70 nm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Investigating the adsorption and antioxidant properties of Gallic acid on surface the B12N12 fullerene using quantum mechanical DFT and Molecular Docking
Mohammad Taghi Baei khadijeh tavakoli hafshejaniAdsorption and antioxidative activity of Gallic acid (Gal) on the surface of B12N12 fullerene has been investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) within B3PW91-D and M06-2X-D methods. Adsorption values and electronic properties showed that the molecule has ch MoreAdsorption and antioxidative activity of Gallic acid (Gal) on the surface of B12N12 fullerene has been investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) within B3PW91-D and M06-2X-D methods. Adsorption values and electronic properties showed that the molecule has chemisorbed to the fullerene surface and induces significant changes in electronic properties of the fullerene. Antioxidative activities of the Gallic acid and Gal/B12N12 complex have been investigated using the M06-2X-D level of theory based on the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT) and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET). For this purpose, the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), proton affinity (PA) and electron transfer enthalpy (ETE) values were calculated in gas, benzene, ethanol, and water phases to better understand the antioxidative properties of the investigated compounds. The results showed that the adsorption of galic acid on B12N12 fullerene would enhance the antioxidative activity of the gallic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - Extraction, purification, characterization and antioxidant activities of heat-resistance phenolic compounds from lemon pulp
Yasar Ipek Tevfik Ozen Ibrahim Demirtas -
Open Access Article
106 - Extracts from Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare L. obtained by different separation processes: global yield and functional profile
Suzara Sena Theresa Dantas Camila Pereira -
Open Access Article
107 - Satureja myrtifolia (Boiss. & Hohen.) Lebanese wild plant, as a resource of natural antioxidants
Bachar Zebib Othmane Merah -
Open Access Article
108 - Nano-encapsulation of thyme essential oil in chitosan-Arabic gum system: evaluation of its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
Maryam Hassani Shirin Hasani -
Open Access Article
109 - Antioxidant properties of various extract from selected wild Moroccan aromatic and medicinal species
Ayoub Kasrati Chaima Alaoui Jamali Abdelaziz Abbad -
Open Access Article
110 - Characterization of bioactive compounds from Ficus vallis-choudae Delile (Moraceae)
Jean Jules Kezetas Bankeu Amadou Dawé Marius Mbiantcha Guy Raymond Feuya Iftikhar Ali Marthe Aimée Tchuente Tchuenmogne Lateef Mehreen Bruno Lenta Muhammad Ali Augustin Silvère Ngouela -
Open Access Article
111 - Understanding the phytochemical constitution, antioxidant potential and spectral characteristics of aqueous extracts of the chosen leafy vegetables from south India
Sobha Kota Pradeep Dumpala Hariseetharam Prasad Dachepalli Anantha Ratna Kumari -
Open Access Article
112 - Influence of different solvent polarities on the phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant properties of the fruit of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich
Babatunde Joseph Oso Oyedotun Oyeleke Olaniyi Soetan -
Open Access Article
113 - Ficusanol, a new cinnamic acid derivative and other constituents from the roots of Ficus exasperata Vahl. (Moraceae) with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities
Stevine Claudiale Popwo Tameye Jean Claude Ndom Edwige Laure Nguemfo Jean Duplex Wansi Juliette Catherine Vardamides Anatole Guy Blaise Azebaze -
Open Access Article
114 - Phytochemical quantification, in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of Triclisia subcordata (Oliv) leaves
Olubunmi Adenike Akinwunmi Damilola Kayode Adekeye Sulaimon Adeoye Olagboye -
Open Access Article
115 - Morphological and chemical characterization of two wild Tunisian myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) populations
W. Aidi Wannes M. Saidani Tounsi B. Marzouk -
Open Access Article
116 - Chemical composition, insect antifeeding, insecticidal, herbicidal, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Ardisia solonaceae Roxb. root extract
Bahar Anjum Ravendra Kumar Randeep Kumar OM. Prakash R Srivastava D.S. Rawat A. Pant -
Open Access Article
117 - Phytochemical analysis and screening of antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil of Premna mucronata Roxb. leaves
Diksha Palariya Anmol Singh Anamika Dhami Anil K. Pant Ravendra Kumar Om Prakash -
Open Access Article
118 - Effect of freeze-drying and spray-drying on total phenolics content and antioxidant activity from aqueous extract of Justicia secunda leaves
Emmanuel N’dri Koffi Amian Brise Benjamin Kassi Felix Anoh Adje Yves François Lozano Yves-Alain Bekro -
Open Access Article
119 - Nutritional assessment, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic potential of traditionally used wild plant, Berberis tinctoria Lesch.
Arumugam Vignesh Kumarasamy Pradeepa Veerakumari Subramaniam Selvakumar Rajan Rakkiyappan Krishnan Vasanth -
Open Access Article
120 - Chemical constituents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Leptoderris brachyptera (Benth.) Dunn and Leptoderris micrantha Dunn essential oils
Ganiyat Oloyede Michael Ibok Thomas Ojo -
Open Access Article
121 - Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil of Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. grown in North India Terai region of Uttarakhand
Kanchan Gairola Shriya Gururani Ravendra Kumar Om Prakash Sanjeev Agarwal Shiv Dubey -
Open Access Article
122 - HPLC profile, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-proliferative activity of aerial parts of Ferula ovina (Boiss.) Boiss.
Mohamad Hassan Mohamadi Behnam Mahdavi Esmaeil Rezaei-Seresht Sahar Riahi-Farsani Nazanin Entezari -
Open Access Article
123 - Siparuna Aublet genus (Siparunaceae): from folk medicine to chemical composition and biological activity
Ingrede Silva Fernando Oliveira Rosilene Oliveira -
Open Access Article
124 - The organic extracts from the leaves of Ficus thonningii Blume, Jatropha tanjorensis J.L Ellis and Saroja and Justicia carnea Lindley as potential nutraceutical antioxidants and functional foods
Kingsley Ijoma Vincent Ishmael Ajiwe Stanley Odinma -
Open Access Article
125 - Chemical composition, biological activities, and nutritional application of Asteraceae family herbs: A systematic review
Masoud Kazeminia Ali Mehrabi Razzagh Mahmoudi -
Open Access Article
126 - Antioxidant activity of phytol dominated stem bark and leaf essential oils of Celtis zenkeri Engl.
Ejike Okpala Patricia Onocha Muhammad Ali -
Open Access Article
127 - Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam.: An overview of phytochemistry and biological functionalities
Zineb El Jabboury Rachid Bentaib Zora Dajic Stevanovic Driss Ousaaid Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El GhadraouiAmmi visnaga (L.) Lam., (Apiaceae), known as” Bachnikha” or ”Khella” in Morocco, is one of the oldest and most important medicinal herbs native to the Mediterranean region of Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Several studies have reported its importance as a diuretic, ant MoreAmmi visnaga (L.) Lam., (Apiaceae), known as” Bachnikha” or ”Khella” in Morocco, is one of the oldest and most important medicinal herbs native to the Mediterranean region of Asia, Europe, and North Africa. Several studies have reported its importance as a diuretic, antiasthmatic, antipsoriasis, antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, vasodilator, and smooth muscle relaxant. These promising and valuable pharmacological effects result from a variety of important natural compounds constituting groups in the plant structure, e.g., γ-pyrones, coumarins, chromones, polyphenols, alkaloids, reducing compounds, cardiac glycosides, catechols, sterols, terpenes, quinones, mucilage, essential oil, C-heterosides, and O-heterosides. Within this framework, the current review was prepared for the first time to cover the phytochemical constituents and various pharmacological and therapeutic impacts of A. visnaga (L.) Lam., aiming to enrich Moroccan traditional knowledge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Anti-melanogenic, antioxidant potentialities and metabolome classification of six Ocimum species: Metabolomics and in-silico approaches
Sreerupa Sarkar Muddasar Hoda Susmita Das -
Open Access Article
129 - Enrichment of polyphenolic compounds from grape leaf extract (Vitis vinifera L.) using macroporous resin and investigating its adsorption kinetics and dynamics
Nadia Sobhani Mahshad Shahriari Mohammad Hossein Jabbari Samad Nejad Ebrahimi -
Open Access Article
130 - HPLC analysis, phytochemical screening, in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Annona muricata L. fruit extracts
Sathiyavani Prakasa Vasantha Srinivasan Gurusaravanan Packiaraj -
Open Access Article
131 - Investigation of chemical characteristics of Eshnan (Seidlitzia rosmarinus Bunge ex Boiss) and quantitative determination of saponin ginsenosides by high-performance liquid chromatography
Mahnaz Davabi Maryam Kolahi Roya Azadi Nahid Pourreza -
Open Access Article
132 - Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Vitex agnus castus L. and Cymbopogon nardus L. Against Carrageenan-Induced Inflammatory Inflammation in Rats
Fatima El Kamari Driss Ousaaid Laila Lahrizi Abdelfattah El Moussaoui Badiaa Lyoussi -
Open Access Article
133 - A comparative study on fruit extract of Ficus auriculata l.: GC-MS profiling, phytochemical composition, biological activities and in-silico ADMET study
NISHA MEHRA GARIMA TAMTA SHISHIR TANDON VIVEKA NAND MANISH PANT VINITA GOURI -
Open Access Article
134 - Chemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the hexane extract of Alchemilla sericata Reichenb
Ali Shafaghat Akram Panahi Masoud Shafaghatlonbar -
Open Access Article
135 - Chemical composition of the essential oil, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of Vitex pseudo-negundo seeds collected from northeastern Iran
Hashem Akhlaghi -
Open Access Article
136 - Influence of extraction methods on total phenolic, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of Thymus kotchyanus L. extract in Semnan Province, Iran
Masumeh Mazandarani Mohammad Ghafourian -
Open Access Article
137 - Veronica crista-galli Steven and Veronica persica Poir. as anticancer and antioxidant plants in-vitro
Maryam Mohadjerani Sedigheh Asadollahi -
Open Access Article
138 - Ameliorative nature of flavonoid naringin: A comprehensive review of antitoxic effects
Zorawar Singh Shivam Sharma Adeshwinder Kaur -
Open Access Article
139 - Antioxidant activity of Allanblackia floribunda trunk bark ethanol extract on alcohol-induced hypertensive rats
Danielle Bilanda Alice Woguia Paul Djomeni Dzeufiet Pierre Kamtchouing Théophile Dimo -
Open Access Article
140 - Antioxidant properties of orange and lemon peels and their efficacy in preventing lipid peroxidation in stored oils
Abdol Hadi Tajer Aisha Siddiqi Divya Prakash J. Jamuna Prakash Prabhavathi S.N. -
Open Access Article
141 - Effect of solvent, time and method of extraction on the amounts of phenolic, flavonoid and the antioxidant activity of the extract of Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f.
Fatemeh Rabbani Malihe Samadi Kazemi -
Open Access Article
142 - Phytochemicals and phyto-extracts in cosmetics
Satyajit D. Sarker Lutfun Nahar -
Open Access Article
143 - Preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties of Malaysian ‘Kundang’ (Bouea macrophylla Griffith)
Kumeshini Sukalingam -
Open Access Article
144 - Erratum: Nano-encapsulation of thyme essential oil in chitosan-Arabic gum system: Evaluation of its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
Maryam Hasani Shirin Hasani -
Open Access Article
145 - Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-prostate cancer activity of the extracts from different parts of Etlingera velutina (Ridl.) R. M. Sm (Zingiberaceae)
Behnam Mahdavi Majid Mohammadhosseini -
Open Access Article
146 - Evaluation Of the effects Of a cell permeable antioxidant on motility and membrane integrity during liquid storage Of goat semen
Abdollah Abid Mohsen Forozanfar Seyyed Morteza Hosseini mehdi Hajian Mohammad Hosain Nasr EsfahaniInroduction and Objective: present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of addition of a synthetic antioxidant, MnTE, on motility and membrane integrity during the liquid storage (up to 72h) of goat semen.Materials and Methods:Semen samples were collected using artif MoreInroduction and Objective: present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of addition of a synthetic antioxidant, MnTE, on motility and membrane integrity during the liquid storage (up to 72h) of goat semen.Materials and Methods:Semen samples were collected using artificial vagina from three mature goats, mixed and diluted (1:20 v/v) with a Bioxell extender containing 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1 and 1 µM of MnTE. All diluted sperm suspensions were cooled to 5°C and stored until 72hr and sperm motility and membrane integrity were assessed in 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72hr post dilution.Results: With increasing storage time (0 to 72h), the percentage of motility and membrane integrity decreased in all treatments and control group. Addition of MnTE at 0.01 and 0.1 µM concentration to the extender, improved goat semen quality, while addition of 1µM of MnTE had an adverse effect on motility and membrane integrity when compared to control.Conclusion: extender supplemented with MnTE could reduce the oxidative stress provoked by liquid storage processes. The optimum concentration of MnTE seems to be 0.01 and 0.1µM for goat semen in liquid storage state. However, further supplementation of extender with 1µM of MnTE not only did not improve the results but inversely affected motility and membrane integrity in all treatment group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - Effect Of Exhaustive Exercise and Supplement N-Acetyl Cysteine on TAC, MDA and CRP in Wistar Rats after a Single bout Of Exhaustive Exercise
Ali Aalizadeh Najmeh MobseriInroduction and ObjectivePhysical activity exhausting the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species activated (RNS) is a well has a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species is known. N - Acetylcysteine (NAC) acetylating of the amino-L-cys MoreInroduction and ObjectivePhysical activity exhausting the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species activated (RNS) is a well has a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species is known. N - Acetylcysteine (NAC) acetylating of the amino-L-cysteine, which is converted in the body into metabolites that are capable of stimulating glutathione synthesis may be resulting in the elimination of free radicals. Effective properties of complementary N – acetylcysteine reduces fatigue and effects on sub maximal contractions.Material and Methods: This study used 16 female Wistar rats weighing 150 to 200 g and (8 to 10 weeks old) were divided into 2 groups. First group effervescent tablets were given (600 mg) of N-acetyl cysteine dissolved in water) four hours before the experiment by gavages and group was taken as the control. Blood samples were taken 1 hour before starting the exhaustive exercise - immediately after the exhaustive exercise and after one hour at rest.Results: Significant decrease was observed in the concentration of MDA immediately after the exhaustive exercise in the group consumed NAC and blood concentration of TAC one hour after exhaustive exercise as compared with the control (P≤0.05). Reactive protein concentrations - C (CRP) in the period before, immediately and after exhaustive exercise did not show any significant difference.Conclusion:The results of our study demonstrated that orall administration of N-acetyl cystein at least four hours before an exhaustive exercise can significantly reduce the harmful effects of oxidative stress in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - The Effects of Propolis Extract on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters and Antioxidant Status in Holstein Suckling Calves.
Jamal Seifdavati Sayad Seifzadeh Hossein Abdi Benemar Farzad Mirzaei Agheh Gheshlagh Reza Seyyed SharifiInroduction & Objective: Propolis is a substance with pharmacological properties for treatment of various human and animaldisesases. Propolis has antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activitise that strengthens the immune system of different animal species. The aim MoreInroduction & Objective: Propolis is a substance with pharmacological properties for treatment of various human and animaldisesases. Propolis has antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activitise that strengthens the immune system of different animal species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of propolis extract on growth performance, blood parameters and antioxidant status of Holstein suckling calves. Material and MethodsFor this study, 24 Holstein calves with 1 ± 10 day avarage age and 38 ± 2 kg avarage weight in a completely randomized design for 70 days were wased. The experimental treatments were: 1) control diet without propolis extract supplements, 2) control diet + 500 ppm propolis extract per head per day, 3) control diet + 1000 ppm propolis extract per head per day. Calves were weighed every two weeks and blood sampeles were taken on d 30 and d 60 of the experiment and analyses for blood metabolites and antioxidant activity.Results: The results showed that use of different levels of propolis extract had no significant effect on feed intake during the first and second months and total trial period. supplemental propolis extract did not show significant effect on final weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio during the first and second months, whereas adding 500 ppm of propolis in extract improved significantly the daily weight gain of calves in total trial period. no significant differences were observed between concentrations of blood metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, urea and globulin). The results showed that adding propolis extract had no significant effects pn activites blood of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase and glutathione peroxidase blood whereas supplementing milk with propolis extract affected significantly blood antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity.Conclusion:In general it can be concluded that the use of propolis extract had no effect on performance and blood metabolites except for superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity, propolis extract supplementation in suckling calf milkcan effectively help to cope with the stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The Effects of Different Levels of Dietary Galactooligosaccharide on Antioxidant Defence in Zebra Fish (Danio rerio)
سمیرا یوسفی Seyed Hosein Hoseinifar عبدالمجید حاجی مرادلو حامد پاک نژادv:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} >1024x768Normal0falsefalsefalseEN-USX-NONEAR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal Morev:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} >1024x768Normal0falsefalsefalseEN-USX-NONEAR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"B Nazanin";} >Inroduction & Objective: The aim of the study was to study the effects of different levels of prebiotic galactooligosaccharide (GOS) on antioxidantdefense system in zebrafish (Danio rerio) as model organism. Material and Methods:A total number of 420 fish (45±0.1 mg) were supplied and randomly stocked in 60 L aquariums assigned to four treatments repeated in triplicates. Fish were with four experimental diets contain0, 0.5, 1 and 2% prebiotic for 8 weeks. At the end of feeding trial, total antioxidant activity as well as expression of antioxidant defense related genes Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD).Results:The obtained results revealed that administration of different levels of GOS had no significant effects on total antioxidant activity (P>0.05). Also, gene expression studies showed that CAT expression was remarkably down-regulated in fish fed 0.5 and 2% GOS (P0.05). Evaluation of SOD gene expression revealed significant down regulation in prebiotic fed fish (0.5, 1 and 2%) compared control group (P0.05).Counclusion:Based on these results, it seems that administration of GOS in zebra fish diet down-regulates antioxidant defense related genes without any effect on total antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Effect of eight weeks aerobic training on the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats
آسیه عباسی دلویی sahar rezaee alireza barari mozghan ahmadiIntroduction & Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with enhanced oxidative stress-induced myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the of eight weeks aerobic training on the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue of type 2 di MoreIntroduction & Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with enhanced oxidative stress-induced myocardial injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the of eight weeks aerobic training on the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: To implementation of this experimental research, 40 male Wistar rats (weight 185.2±22.7 gr) randomly were divided into 4 groups including control, diabetes, training and diabetes-training. In this study, the rats were type 2 diabetic using peritoneal injection nicotinamide-STZ. aerobic training performed with intensity of 50-60% VO2max, 5 days a week and for 8 weeks. The levels of the antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in heart tissue were measured using kit and by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at the p < 0.05. Results: The results showed that the levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic control rats was lower than the healthy control group (P=0.001). Eight weeks of aerobic training significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the heart tissue of type 2 diabetic rats (P=0.001). Conclusion: According to the research results, aerobic exercise may improve the cardiac function of diabetic subjects by increasing the antioxidant enzymes in the heart tissue. As a result, these training are recommended as adjunctive therapy in these patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Evaluation of human sperm parameters after cryopreservation process with myoinositol antioxidant treatment in asthenoteratozoospermia patients
rahil jannatifar hamid piroozmanesh lila naserpoorInroduction & Objective: Myoinositol, which is one of the components of cell membranes with its strong antioxidant properties, has a high potential to neutralize the damage caused by freezing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Myoinositol antioxida MoreInroduction & Objective: Myoinositol, which is one of the components of cell membranes with its strong antioxidant properties, has a high potential to neutralize the damage caused by freezing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Myoinositol antioxidant on sperm sperm parameters after cryopreservation process Material and Methods: Samples of 20 patients with asthenotratospermia referred to Qom University Jihad Infertility Treatment Center were evaluated in three groups: before cryopreservation (control), cryopreservation, cryopreservation + myoinositol. The Sperm parameters such as motility, morphology, and viability were assessed using WHO, Papanicolaou, and eosin-necrosin staining, respectively, to evaluate the integrity of the plasma membrane using the HOST technique, as well as to evaluate the degree of DNA fracture by the Halo sperm technique. Results: The results showed that incubation of myoinositol with freezing medium of sperm (cryopreservation + myoinositol) increases sperm motility and viability (P <0.05). Also, a significant increase in sperm motility was achieved after incubation of myoinositol with sperm sample (cryopreservation + myoinositol) (P <0.05). The results of the present study showed that incubation of myoinositol with freezing medium of sperm significantly reduces the amount of DNA damage (P <0.05). Plasma membrane integrity and sperm mitochondrial membrane potential also increased significantly in cryopreservation + myoinositol group (P <0.05). However, sperm morphology did not show a significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion: Our results show that my inositol can reduce the destructive effects of the freeze-thaw process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - Protective Effects of Shallot Onion Against Stroke due to Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Male Wistar Rats
Atefeh Payez Firoozeh AlavianBackground and Aim: Oxidative stress is strongly involved in functional and neurological dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Therefore, approaches for using antioxidants to reverse IR-induced damage are being reviewed. Shallot is a plant with well-proven a MoreBackground and Aim: Oxidative stress is strongly involved in functional and neurological dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Therefore, approaches for using antioxidants to reverse IR-induced damage are being reviewed. Shallot is a plant with well-proven antioxidant properties; but its neuroprotective potential against cerebral ischemia has not been studied. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the influence of shallot onion powder against IR-induced oxidative stress.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 4 groups of 7 male Wistar rats were used, which included: sham, stroke, and stroke treated with shallot onion powder and group treated with shallot onion powder. After 8 weeks of oral treatment, rats were exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for one hour. After 22 hours of reperfusion, brain activity levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed.Results: Pretreatment with shallot onion powder led to a substantial increase in the levels of CAT (P<0/001), GPX (P<0/05), SOD (P<0/01); and there was a significant reduction in MDA level (P<0/01) in shallot onion powder + MCAO groups compared to MCAO groups.Conclusion: Oral consumption of shallots significantly decreases focal ischemic brain damage/reperfusion. The defense mechanism against cerebral ischemia is linked with increased activity of antioxidants associated with lesion pathogenesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Efficiency of anise Pimpinella anisum extract on biological activity of Tribolium castaneum and its antioxidant functional
Shahla AMINI Parisa JONOBI Aref MAROF Ahmad MAJDThe red flour beetles Tribolium castaneum is one of the most important pests of stored products, to control this pests plant extracts are suitable components as alternate for chemical pesticides. On the other hand herbs as natural resources that are antioxidant properti MoreThe red flour beetles Tribolium castaneum is one of the most important pests of stored products, to control this pests plant extracts are suitable components as alternate for chemical pesticides. On the other hand herbs as natural resources that are antioxidant properties, The attention of researchers for use in the food and biological systems are located. In this research theefficiency of Pimpinella anisum extract on biological activity of anise Tribolium castaneum and its antioxidant functional is evaluated. In this study, the effect of seed extract of anisum on nutritional indices of adults T.castaneum, in 3 concentrations 50, 75 and 100 µl and respiratory toxicity effects of extracts ( 50, 89, 158, 281, 500 µl of extract per liter of air) was in vitro (29 ± 1°C and 65 ± 5% R.H.). Also the antioxidant effects of P.anisum was investigated by two methods, radical scavenging, DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and reducing power of iron method. Nutrition a lindices showed that the highest and lowest concentration, respectively, has 86/94% and 68/82% inhibition of feeding. The highest mortality concentration was 500 µl/L of air at 24 hours. The required concentration to 50% mortality of population (LC50) at 24 hours after treatment was 215/19 µl/L of air. In DPPH test, the 50% inhibitory concentration of leaf extract was higher than seed extract, the same result was obtained from the power reducing of iron test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The defence related enzymatic content of suger beet against Beet severe curly top virus and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CAH0
Efat ALEMZADEH Keramat IZADPANAH Moussa ZAREI Ali Akbar BEHJATNIAVarious environmental stresses including biotic and abiotic stresses lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of reactive oxygen species often have been detected in plant pathogen- interactions. Plants with a combination of enzymatic and non MoreVarious environmental stresses including biotic and abiotic stresses lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of reactive oxygen species often have been detected in plant pathogen- interactions. Plants with a combination of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems usually ROS levels in cells kept in moderation. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of BSCTV infection and Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CAH0 on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in sugar beet plants by using a UV / Vis 2100 spectrophotometer. The results of the study showed when severe symptoms of the infection developed on the leaves and the virus content reached its maximum, a significant increase in the activities of several antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase and a significant decrease in the developed on the leaves and the virus content reached its maximum, a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzyme, Catalse, was found. Also in virus's tension associated with bacteria, enzyme activity was reduced in all items. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - The effect of green tea supplementation and climbing to altitude on the serum level of Malondialdehyde and Glutathione Peroxidase In non-professional healthy mountaineer females
Azar Momtaz Mokhtar Nasiri -
Open Access Article
156 - Effects of vitamin C and E supplementation on immune responses to a competition bout of sanda
Hamid Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
157 - Effect of Sesames and Propyl gallat as Antioxidant on Lipid Oxidation in Sausage
Sana Gholamrezaei Alireza RahmanMeat products are very prone to Oxidative spoilage. Lipid oxidation is one of main factors that are responsible for bad flavor and reducing quality of meat products. This oxidation would takes place due to the destruction of fat-soluble vitamins and fatty acids. This st MoreMeat products are very prone to Oxidative spoilage. Lipid oxidation is one of main factors that are responsible for bad flavor and reducing quality of meat products. This oxidation would takes place due to the destruction of fat-soluble vitamins and fatty acids. This study has been conducted to investigate the effect of sesamol and propyl gallate as antioxidant agent on lipids oxidation in sausage. The details of the samples in this research is following, control sample without any Antioxidant material, T1 contains 600 ppm sesamol and without propyl gallate antioxidant, T2 contains 450 ppm sesamol and 150 propyl gallate, T3 contains 300 ppm sesame and 300 ppm propyl gallate, T4 contains 150 ppm sesamol and 450 propyl gallate and T5 contains 600 ppm propyl gallate without sesamol anti-oxidant. Tests were conducted with 3 times replication in all steps. Evaluated characteristics have been contained results of peroxide, TBA and pH in day 0, 15, 30, 45, 60respectively.Sensory evaluation was also conducted at the end of the tests. Levels of Peroxide and TBA were increased with increasing time, however, this increase was higher in control sample and it was determined that pH. Levels of chosen samples have not been changed in comparison with control sample but after passing of time, levels of this character decreased in all samples and control one. It can be concluded that 600 ppm anti-oxidant propyl gallate, have shown the best results on most evaluated characters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - Effect of Alfatocopherol and Ascorbyl-Palmitat as Antioxidant on Lipid Oxidation in Sausage
Zohre Shirmohammadi Alireza RahmanOxidation in meat products is one of the factors led to change the taste and quality. This research was carried out the effect of α-tocopherol and palmitate ascorbyl on the lipids oxidation in frankfurter sausages. This research is done based on factorial experime MoreOxidation in meat products is one of the factors led to change the taste and quality. This research was carried out the effect of α-tocopherol and palmitate ascorbyl on the lipids oxidation in frankfurter sausages. This research is done based on factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications.Results showed that, the pH levels in different amount of α-tocopherol and palmitate ascorbyl were similar and significantly lower than the control samples. The pH level in all samples showed a decreasing trend by passing the time and this reduction amount were different in all samples. The peroxide value increased by passing the time but peroxide changes during time were not similar in all samples. The results showed after 45 and 60 days two samples, T2 and T4 did not show a significant difference with control sample but samples T1 , T3 and T5 were placed in the same group in time study. The highest amount of thiobarbituric acid, was observed in the control sample with highest amount of thiobarbituric acid in 45 and 60 days and the lowest amount was in the 0 day. On the other side, results showed in 0 day samples 5 and 2, in 45 and 60 days samples 3 and 4 had the highest and lowest %RSA, respectevily. Also, there was a difference significant between treatment levels. The results showed that the natural antioxidations α-tocopherol and palmitate ascorbyl are a useful additives to reduce lipid oxidation in frankfurter sausage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Evaluation of physiological and biochemical changes of strawberry cv. Gaviota in response to Mycorrhizal and Trichoderma fungi under selenium treatment
Ali Lachinani Seyed jalal Tabatabaei Amir Bostani Vahid Abdossi Saeed RezaeeThis study evaluated the effects of Mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus irregularis), Trichoderma (Trichoderma harzianum) and selenium on some physiological traits of Gaviota strawberry as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the MoreThis study evaluated the effects of Mycorrhiza (Rhizophagus irregularis), Trichoderma (Trichoderma harzianum) and selenium on some physiological traits of Gaviota strawberry as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in the Shahed University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences research greenhouse in 2017. The treatments included fungi (No inoculation, Mycorrhiza, Trichoderma) and selenium (0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg soil). The results showed that the use of symbiotic fungi, especially Trichoderma, could significantly increase the pH, total soluble solids (TSS), antioxidant capacity and anthocyanin of the fruit, as well as increase the amount of protein, chlorophyll and carotenoid of Gaviota strawberry leaves. Furthermore, selenium treatment, especially at low concentrations (0.5 and 1 mg/kg soil), could increase the antioxidant and anthocyanin capacity of the fruit, as well as the amount of protein and chlorophyll in the leaves. Overall, it is possible to recommend the using of symbiotic fungi, especially Trichoderma, along with low concentrations of selenium (0.5 and 1 mg/kg soil) in Gaviota strawberry cultivation programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Effect of chitosan and salicylic acid along with cottage cheese and aloe vera extracts on qualitative and quantitative indicators of mandarin fruit (Citrus reticulate) cv. Unshiu
Amir Mokhtarpoor bazmin abadi Abdol Rasool Zakerin behnam behroznam Abolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi Sayed Abdolhossein Mohammadi JahromiTo investigate the effect of chitosan, salicylic acid, aloe vera gel and mallow extract treatments on the qualitative factors of mandarin and to determine their best concentration, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design at the Islamic Aza MoreTo investigate the effect of chitosan, salicylic acid, aloe vera gel and mallow extract treatments on the qualitative factors of mandarin and to determine their best concentration, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design at the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. Experimental treatments included chitosan (0.5, 1 and 1.5%), salicylic acid (1, 1.5 and 2 mM), aloe vera gel (15, 30 and 45%) and mallow extract (15, 30 and 45%) ) were immersed and then stored for 45 days (storage period with 4 levels 0, 15, 30 and 45 days). Fruits juice pH, titratable acid, total soluble solids, fruit weight loss, carotenoids and ascorbic acid content and antioxidant capacity were measured. The results showed that during storage, the pH, total soluble solids, weight loss and carotenoids content increased and the amount of titratable acid, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity decreased. The most effective treatment in maintaining pH, titratable acid, soluble solids, carotenoid content, ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity was salicylic acid 2mM, which is recommended for use after harvesting. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Drying Peppermint Medicinal plant (Mentha piperita) using Combinations of Shade and Microwave Treatments –Part Two: Investigating the Effects of Treatments on some Phytochemical Properties of Dried Leaves
Fatemeh Roozdar Majid Azizi askar ghaniDrying is the most common way to preserve medicinal plants and protect their biochemical compounds. In order to investigate the effect of different drying methods on some phytochemical properties of Mentha piperitae, including the content of total phenolics, total flavo MoreDrying is the most common way to preserve medicinal plants and protect their biochemical compounds. In order to investigate the effect of different drying methods on some phytochemical properties of Mentha piperitae, including the content of total phenolics, total flavonoids, flavon and flavonol, and also antioxidant activity and total carbohydrates, two experiments were conducted separately based on a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The results showed a significant effect of different drying methods on the studied traits (p<0.05). In simple drying, the maximum amount of total phenolics, total flavonoid, flavone and flavonols related to fresh sample, while the minimum amount of these compounds was obtained in oven treatment with a temperature of 70oC, but in the combined drying method, the maximum amount of total phenolics, total flavonoid and flavon and flavonol were found in the combination treatment of shade + microwave 450 W, and the minimum amount was observed in the microwave drying method of 100 W + shade. Also, in the simple drying method, samples dried in artificial shade with 88.83% and in combined drying with treatment shade + 450 W microwave with 0.48% had the maximum antioxidant activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the simple drying of the fresh sample and in the combined drying of the shade + 450 W microwave method, they will be very favorable because they will maintain the biochemical characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Determination of total antioxidant capacity with nanoparticles
Safieh MomeniTotal antioxidant capacity (TAC) as the cumulative activity of antioxidants in a sample is an important parameter in the analysis of biological or food matrices. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of the substances in the diet and MoreTotal antioxidant capacity (TAC) as the cumulative activity of antioxidants in a sample is an important parameter in the analysis of biological or food matrices. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of the substances in the diet and biological fluids. Based on this, many methods check their antioxidant capacity and effectiveness in different conditions. However, there is often no strong correlation between the capacities measured on the same materials with different methods, which is due to the variety of active materials, mechanisms and different characteristics such as different types of antioxidants, the presence of other interfering substances in the sample, lack of participation of antioxidants are used in the method reaction. In recent years, different analytical methods based on nanoparticles have been developed to determine the antioxidant capacity of foods and plant materials.In these measurement methods, nanoparticles such as gold, silver, iron oxide, manganese oxide, quantum dots and cerium oxide have been used. In this article, we review some of the researches conducted in the field of total antioxidant capacity measurement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Inoculation Seed with Biofertilizers On the Morpho-physiological Traits and Enzymatic Properties of Chickpea in Winter and Spring Cultivation
عزيز حسين زادهTo study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and inoculation of chickpea seed with bio-fertilizers on morphophysiological traits on yield and yield components of chickpea under winter and spring cultivation conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in randomized co MoreTo study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and inoculation of chickpea seed with bio-fertilizers on morphophysiological traits on yield and yield components of chickpea under winter and spring cultivation conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015 crop season on a field in Oshnaviyeh, W. Azarbaijan. The first factor consisted of sowing date at two levels of winter and spring, the second factor was inoculation with bio-fertilizer (control and inoculated with bio-fertilizer) and the third one was nitrogen fertilizer (0, 2.5 and 5 g m-2). The results showed that spring culture had higher catalase activity, higher photosynthesis rate and transpiration content and lower proline content compared to winter sowing. Seed inoculation with risotchic pi significantly increased proline content and catalase activity compared to control, the highest amount of peroxidase activity was observed in the combination of seed with risocchic pi and spring planting. The highest amount of proline and catalase activity was recorded in 5 g m-2 nitrogen fertilizer application. The highest relative water content and peroxidase activity were attributed to the combination of 2.5 g m-2 N fertilizer in spring cultivation. Also, spring cultivation and seed inoculation with Risocchic pi had the highest peroxidase activity. Finally, the winter planting with consumption of 5 g of nitrogen per m2 had the highest biological yield and the lowest photosynthetic water use efficiency and inoculation with Risocchic pi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Phytochemical Responses of White Savory (Satureja mutica Fisch and C.A.Mey.) to Foliar Application of Seaweed Extract and Ecormon Fertilizer
Saeid Reza Poursakhi Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh -
Open Access Article
165 - Investigation of Tank-Mixed and Reduced Rate of Imazethapyr, Bentazon and Sethoxydim on Soybean Antioxidant Enzymes Activity
Sina Fallah Tafty Mani Mojaddam Ahmad Naderi Mohammad Abdollahian Noghabi -
Open Access Article
166 - Evaluation of Relative Membrane Permeability of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Affected Super Absorbent Polymer and Water Deficit Conditions
Mansour Fazeli Rostampour -
Open Access Article
167 - Changes in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Growth and Biochemical Traits in Response to Silicon Application under Different Irrigation Regime
Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh Yahya Emam Gholamhassan Ranjbar Hossein Sadeghi -
Open Access Article
168 - Effects of Paclobutrazol Application on Plants as a Chilling Stress Ameliorator
Mahroo Mojtabaie Zamani -
Open Access Article
169 - Comparison of DPPH and FRAP Assays for Determination of Antioxidant Activity of electro-synthesized Polypyrrole /graphene nanocomposite
nafiseh hajiabdolah Mohammad Yousefi -
Open Access Article
170 - Physical Properties of Microencapsulation of Echium amoenum.L and Altaea rosea var nigra Extract Prepared by Freeze Dryer Method
Mahshid Zamankhani Sohrab Moeini Peyman Mahasti Shotorbani Hossein MirsaeedGhazi Afshin JafarpourPhenolic compounds are secondary metabolites in plants that also have health effects. Due to the effect of synthetic antioxidants on human health, there is a growing tendency to replace them with natural antioxidants. This research aims to investigate the beneficial pro MorePhenolic compounds are secondary metabolites in plants that also have health effects. Due to the effect of synthetic antioxidants on human health, there is a growing tendency to replace them with natural antioxidants. This research aims to investigate the beneficial properties of borage extract (BE) and black hollyhock extract (BHE). First, the BE and BHE were encapsulated with whey protein and maltodextrin at 90:10, 50:50, 10:90 ratio by freeze drying method. Then, the analytical characteristics of BE and BHE were investigated. The amount of encapsulation of anthocyanin increased when the capsule had a higher whey protein content. In the encapsulation powder extract of BE and BHE with a whey protein ratio of 90 to 10 maltodextrin, the lowest amount of moisture and solubility was observed. When comparing the bulk density of the encapsulated extract of BE and BHE, no significant difference was observed, and the type of extract had no effect on the powder density. The combination of coating materials with a ratio of 10 maltodextrin to 90 whey protein has the highest encapsulation efficiency. Capsules with higher levels of whey protein were thicker walled capsules. Therefore, the optimal treatment was the capsule with a concentration of 90% whey protein and 10% maltodextrin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Providing Nanofiber Membrane of Nylon-6 Master-batch, Ag, Chitosan, Rosemary, and Investigating the Anti-oxidant and Antimicrobial effect for Packaging in Food Industries
Farideh HaddadIn the present research, nylon 6-silver (NS)/ Chitosan (CS)/Rosemary master-batch nanofibers was provided in order to be used in packaging food. Morphology and structure of the nanofibers was investigated using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transfor MoreIn the present research, nylon 6-silver (NS)/ Chitosan (CS)/Rosemary master-batch nanofibers was provided in order to be used in packaging food. Morphology and structure of the nanofibers was investigated using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial activity of synthetic nanofibers was evaluated for E. Coli and S. Aureus bacteria. The antioxidant activity of oxidant glucose of glucose oxidase and Rosemary as well as the function of the provided membranes in packaging and maintaining strawberry was investigated. Morphology and diameter of synthetic nanofibers were determined with SEM images. According to the results of the carried out investigations on the deterrent effect of silver on the activity of glucose oxidase of 70/30 NS-CS sample was selected as the optimum for subsequent studies, and based on the results, the highest enzyme activity (79.5%) with 0.05 grams of glucose oxidase was obtained. The antibacterial test of the membranes showed the perfect antibacterial activity of such membranes against the negative and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the FTIR spectroscopy approved the presence of glucose oxidase, silver, and Rosemary in synthetic membranes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Study of the effect of wheat fiber and extract in the physicochemical and sensory properties of orange juice during storage
leyla Nateghi fatemeh Zarei Mahshid RezaeiCurrently, fruit and vegetable-based drinks are very popular among the people. Considering the health benefits of dietary fiber and plant extracts and the high content of bioactive compounds of these substances, enrichment of juices and fruits with these components can, MoreCurrently, fruit and vegetable-based drinks are very popular among the people. Considering the health benefits of dietary fiber and plant extracts and the high content of bioactive compounds of these substances, enrichment of juices and fruits with these components can, in addition to improving the final quality of the drink, improve the health of the consumer. In this study, wheat extract and wheat fiber with concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5% were added separately and in a mixture of 50%, 50% to the orange juice drink. Test of pH, Brix, density, viscosity, Antioxidant activity, color evaluation (L *, a *, b *) and sensory evaluation (color, taste, body and general acceptance) during 72 days of storage at refrigerator temperature at intervals of 24 hours after production, 24 day, 48 day and 72 day were evaluated and compared with the control sample (without wheat extract or fiber).The results showed that the use of wheat extract and fiber had a significant effect on physicochemical and colorimetric properties. The use of wheat extract and wheat fiber increased their concentration significantly increased antioxidant activity compared to the control sample. Orange juice sample containing 1% wheat fiber showed the highest overall acceptance score after 72 days of refrigeration and was introduced as the best treatment. By choosing the optimal levels of wheat extract and wheat fiber, it is possible to achieve a useful orange juice with desirable quality properties and high acceptability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Review article on the functional and antioxidant properties of ginger
Fatemeh kavian Azam RivandiAntioxidants are compounds that protect against cell damage caused by molecules called free radicals. These free radicals cause damage to DNA, cell membrane and enzymes. Various food sources rich in antioxidants, such as fruits, vegetables, spices, and types of tea... r MoreAntioxidants are compounds that protect against cell damage caused by molecules called free radicals. These free radicals cause damage to DNA, cell membrane and enzymes. Various food sources rich in antioxidants, such as fruits, vegetables, spices, and types of tea... reduce the effect of free radicals or oxidative stress. Ginger is a plant with the scientific name Zingiber officinale, whose rhizome is used as a medicine to treat a wide range of diseases in the form of fresh, powder, spice, oil and extract. Scientific studies have shown that ginger has many bioactive compounds, among these compounds we can mention 6-gingerol, which is one of the main factors responsible for the pungency of ginger and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties. Ginger is related to it. Also, the use of ginger in food improves the physicochemical properties of different food products. This presented article is the result of the results of published articles related to the functional properties of ginger based on review and research studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Functional and antioxidant properties of ginger
Azam Rivandi Fatemeh kavianAntioxidants are compounds that protect against cell damage caused by molecules called free radicals. These free radicals cause damage to DNA, cell membrane and enzymes. Various food sources rich in antioxidants such as fruits, vegetables, spices and types of tea reduce MoreAntioxidants are compounds that protect against cell damage caused by molecules called free radicals. These free radicals cause damage to DNA, cell membrane and enzymes. Various food sources rich in antioxidants such as fruits, vegetables, spices and types of tea reduce the effect of free radicals or oxidative stress. Ginger is a plant with the scientific name Zingiber officinale, whose rhizome is used as a medicine to treat a wide range of diseases in the form of fresh, powder, spice, oil and extract. Scientific studies have shown that ginger has many bioactive compounds that among these compounds, we can mention 6-gingerol, which is one of the main factors responsible for the pungency of ginger, and the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor properties of ginger are related to it. Also, the use of ginger in food improves the physicochemical properties of different food products. This presented article is the result of the results of published articles related to the functional properties of ginger based on review and research studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Polymer Additives
Mandana Zormand Peyman RajaeiPolymer additives have shown significant impacts on packaging materials. Enhancements in polymer performance have paved the way for new and innovative production methods. Diverse additives offer processing and production improvements. Plastic additives have a small shar MorePolymer additives have shown significant impacts on packaging materials. Enhancements in polymer performance have paved the way for new and innovative production methods. Diverse additives offer processing and production improvements. Plastic additives have a small share in plastic materials, yet they profoundly affect the quality of plastic products. Due to distinct processing methods and usage conditions, various types of plastics require different and varying amounts of additives. The main objective of incorporating additives into plastics is to enhance processing performance, increase efficiency, and decrease costs. The present paper examines the historical growth of polymer additives, their different categories, and their significance. While there are various types of additives, this study focuses on those enhancing processing capabilities and improving polymers’ functional properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - Investigating the use of polygalacturonase and naranjainase enzymes in the juice industry
Morva Hosseiny Mahnaz HashemiravanNowadays, the use of enzymes to improve the organoleptic characteristics of food is of interest. One of the food industries that uses enzymes to improve the sensory properties of food is the juice production industry. Among the enzymes used is the polygalacturonase enzy MoreNowadays, the use of enzymes to improve the organoleptic characteristics of food is of interest. One of the food industries that uses enzymes to improve the sensory properties of food is the juice production industry. Among the enzymes used is the polygalacturonase enzyme, which is used to clarify some fruit juices and improve the color and appearance characteristics, such as apple juice and grape juice. Polygalacturonases (E.C.3.2.1.15) known as pectinase are classified into two types of hydrolyzing polygalacturonases and polygalacturonate lyase and are among the primary enzymes used in the juice industry. This enzyme breaks the α-1→4 glycosidic bond between the units of galacturonic acid in the structure of pectin, and thus pectin precipitates out of the cell structure and is separated through filtration or centrifugation, and in this way clear fruit juice is obtained. Almost in the industry, this enzyme is used to clarify all fruit juices except citrus juice. Some fruit juices, such as orange juice and grapefruit juice, contain bitter compounds such as limonine and orange, which, if present in fruit juice, have a negative effect on its taste and create a bitter taste. Orange enzyme can be used to solve this problem. Naraninase is an enzyme that has two enzymatic activities, including alpha-L-rhamnosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.40) and beta-di-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.21), which hydrolyze naraniin to rhamnose and pronin and then glucose and naraninin, without the one that leaves a bitter taste in the fruit juice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - The effect of zinc-methionine supplementation on antioxidant status and expression of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 genes in female rats under heat stress
Matin Jamei Ali Asghar Sadeghi Mohammad ChamaniIntroduction:During heat stress, the animal body requires more antioxidant compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Zinc plays a role in the structure and activity of antioxidant enzymes. One of the ways to supply the zinc requirement, is to use organic zinc suppl MoreIntroduction:During heat stress, the animal body requires more antioxidant compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Zinc plays a role in the structure and activity of antioxidant enzymes. One of the ways to supply the zinc requirement, is to use organic zinc supplements, which zinc combined with methionine, and have more intestinal absorption Aim: This study was done to evaluate the effects of different doses of zinc-methionine supplementation on the blood antioxidant status and the expression of interleukin 4 and 6 genes in rats exposed to heat stress.Materials and methods: In a completely random design, 20 female rats were divided into four treatment groups with five replicates. Rats were kept at a temperature of 31±2 °C for 20 hours and at a temperature of 38±2 °C for 4 hours per day (to create heat stress). The rats in the control group were fed standard pellets without additives, and the three experimental groups were fed standard pellets plus 15, 30 and 45 mg zinc-methionine supplement per kilogram of dry matter for 30 days. At the end of the experiment, a blood sample was collected from the inferior vena cava. Total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde concentration, antioxidant enzymes, liver enzymes in the serum and the expression of interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 genes were measured.Results: Serum zinc concentration increased linearly with increasing zinc dose in the diet (P<0.05). The serum activity of two enzymes, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased linearly with increasing zinc-methionine dose in the diet (P<0.01). The highest activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase was observed in the group receiving 30 mg/kg, and the lowest activity of these enzymes was observed in the control group. In general, the relative expression of the interleukin-4 gene was increased, and the relative expression of the interleukin-6 gene was decreased (P<0.05). The highest expression of interleukin-4 gene belonged to the group receiving 30 mg, and the highest relative expression of interleukin-6 gene belonged to the control group and the group receiving 15 mg/kg.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the dose of up to 30 mg of zinc-methionine per kg of diet used in this study increases the activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, decreases the activity of liver enzymes in the serum, increases the expression of the anti-inflammatory gene (Interleukin-4) and decreases the expression of inflammatory gene (Interleukin-6), which indicates the reduction of oxidative stress and the reduction of the effects of heat stress in the body of the rat. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - The effect of chestnuts extracts on acidity, peroxide and microbial load of mayonnaise sauce
Samira Naderi alireza rahman ebrahim HoseiniIt is very important to observe hygienic principles in the production of mayonnaise, as a nutritious and popular product, as well as to prevent physical, chemical, microbial spoilage and thus prevent its quality reduction. In this study, we tried to evaluate the efficie MoreIt is very important to observe hygienic principles in the production of mayonnaise, as a nutritious and popular product, as well as to prevent physical, chemical, microbial spoilage and thus prevent its quality reduction. In this study, we tried to evaluate the efficiency of extracting aqueous extract of chestnut fruit as a natural antioxidant. For this purpose, Samples of mayonnaise with different concentrations of the extract were prepared under treatments B1 (mayonnaise + 750 ppm sodium benzoate + 750 ppm sodium sorbate), B2 (mayonnaise + 400 ppm chestnut extract + 500 ppm sodium benzoate + ppm sodium + ppm) B3 (mayonnaise +800 ppm chestnut extract +500 ppm sodium benzoate + 500 ppm sodium sorbate) and B4 (mayonnaise + 1200 ppm chestnut extract). Chemical factors (acidity and peroxide number), microbial, and sensory factors (general acceptance) were examined for the 6 months (first day, the second month, the fourth month, and the sixth month). The results showed that the extraction efficiency of the extract by the aqueous method was equal to 22.5%. According to the results, Chestnut fruit extract with benzoate and sodium sorbate significantly reduced peroxide and acid index in the samples (p<0.05). The antimicrobial effect of chestnut fruit extract is confirmed on a significant reduction in microbial population and shelf life of mayonnaise. Sample B3 was introduced as the superior treatment in this study by considering sensory factors (general acceptance). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - The effects of piperine supplementation on colony population, body weight after emerging, viability and vitellogenin gene expression in honey bees under heat stress
Zahra Farhadi Ali Asghar Sadeghi Farahnaz Motamedi Sedeh Mohammad ChamaniAim: This study was done to evaluate the effects of piperine (phytogenic material in pepper) supplementation on antioxidant capacity, vitellogenin gene expression, the viability and body weight of honey bees at the time of emerging.Materials and methods: 32 bee hives we MoreAim: This study was done to evaluate the effects of piperine (phytogenic material in pepper) supplementation on antioxidant capacity, vitellogenin gene expression, the viability and body weight of honey bees at the time of emerging.Materials and methods: 32 bee hives were divided to 4 treatment groups and 8 replications in a completely random design. The environment temperature of region was 38 degrees Celsius for at least 4 hours per day. The control group received syrup without piperine, and the treatment groups received syrup containing 2000, 4000 and 6000 μg of piperine per liter, respectively. The level of malondialdehyde and antioxidant capacity of the body, weight and body composition of bees after emerging, colony population and relative expression of vitellogenin gene were determined.Results: Supplementation of 2000 and 4000 μg piperine per liter of syrup caused an increase in body weight, a decrease in the level of malondialdehyde and increase in antioxidant capacity. The addition of piperine in different doses caused a significant increase in vitellogenin gene expression compared to the control group. The spawning level and colony population that received 6000 μg/liter piperine was lower than the group that received 2000 and 4000 μg/liter P<0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results, supplementation of 2000 to 4000 μg/liter of piperine has a positive effect on increasing the antioxidant capacity, vitellogenin gene expression, body weight of new-emerged bees and colony population, and a higher dose causes a decrease in spawning rate and reduction of honey bee population. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Phytochemical examination of the hydroalcoholic extract of Polylophium involucratum (Pall.) Boiss. harvested from the heights of the Javaherdeh - Ramsar and determination of its cytotoxic effects on chronic myeloid leukemia
Shahab Ojani Naser Montazeri Masoud Mohammadi Zeydi Masoud GhaneIntroduction: Nowadays, the emergence of allergies, side effects of drugs, antibiotic-resistant strains, and the need of body to antioxidants emphasized the importance of herbal medicines.Aim: Therefore, this project aims to investigate the phytochemical extract of hydr MoreIntroduction: Nowadays, the emergence of allergies, side effects of drugs, antibiotic-resistant strains, and the need of body to antioxidants emphasized the importance of herbal medicines.Aim: Therefore, this project aims to investigate the phytochemical extract of hydroalcoholic of Polylophium involucratum harvested from the heights of the Javaherdeh - Ramsar and determine its cytotoxic effects on chronic myeloid leukemia.Material and methods: To this end, Polylophium involucratum seeds were collected from the heights of the Javaherdeh, Ramsar, and extracted using a microwave assisted extraction. Then, using quantitative and qualitative phytochemical tests, determining antibacterial activity by disk emission method and finally, assessing the effect of cytotoxicity on the category of K562 cancer cells using the MTT method was investigated.Results: Phytochemical screening of the hydroalcoholic extract of Polylophium involucratum confirmed the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols, quinones, and saponins. The total amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoid compounds was calculated as 12.93±2 and 7.58±7 mg/ml respectively. The percentage of free radical inhibition was obtained at 57.70±0.5 and the IC50 value was 0.66 μg/ml. The aura diameter of non-growth was observed in Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus 25, 10, and 10 mm respectively. The results of cellular toxicity also showed that Polylophium involucratum hydroalcoholic extract is dose-dependent, with the highest toxicity effect at a concentration of 50 μg/ml, and the highest bioavailability effect at a concentration of 20 μg/ml in 24 hours, with an IC50 level equal to 50.35±0.03 μg/ml with a meaningful level of 5%.Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, in general, the use of effective plant compounds is considered one of the most effective strategies in the treatment of cancer, and the secondary metabolites in Polylophium involucratum extract can be a promising method in the treatment of cancer, which requires more studies and experiments are to be done in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Investigating relative water content, electrolyte leakage, phenolic compounds and activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase enzymes in triticale leaves treated with sodium chloride and calcium chloride
Malihe Jahani Mohammad Reza Hadi Mojtaba Jafarinia Sedighe JahaniIntroduction: Considering the increasing number of saline lands due to water scarcity, it seems necessary to investigate ways to increase tolerance to salinity stress. Also, in order to overcome the negative effect of salinity stress, the use of calcium ion supplement i MoreIntroduction: Considering the increasing number of saline lands due to water scarcity, it seems necessary to investigate ways to increase tolerance to salinity stress. Also, in order to overcome the negative effect of salinity stress, the use of calcium ion supplement in the growth environment is very useful and practical to improve the stress factor.Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate relative water content, electrolyte leakage, amount of mineral elements, antioxidant capacity, phenolic compounds and activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase enzymes in leaves of triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) treated with sodium chloride and calcium chloride.Materials and methods: This experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 3 replications in controlled greenhouse conditions. One-week-old seedlings were exposed with sodium chloride doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 mmol L-1) and calcium chloride doses (0, 6 and 10 mmol L-1) for 5 weeks and then some physio-morphological and biochemical characteristics including leaf number and surface, relative water content, ion leakage, contents of phenolic compounds (anthocyanin, total phenol, total flavonoid, total flavonol), enzymes activity (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase), antioxidant capacity and amount of mineral elements (sodium, potassium, calcium) were measured in leaves.Results: The results showed that salt stress significantly decreased the number and surface of leaves, relative water content, activity of glutathione reductase enzyme, the amount of potassium and calcium in leaves, but increased ion leakage, the contents of phenolic compounds, activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes, antioxidant capacity and sodium content in leaves. While the addition of calcium to saline environment increased the number and surface area of leaves, relative water content, activity of glutathione reductase enzyme, the amount of potassium and calcium in leaves, but decreased ion leakage, the contents of phenolic compounds, activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes, antioxidant capacity and sodium content in leaves.Conclusion: Calcium reduced the harmful effects of salinity stress in leaves of triticale plant, so adding calcium to salty soils can be a simple, practical and economic solution to deal with salinity stress and increase soil productivity and a step towards to provide sustainable agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Study of electrochemical and anti-oxidant Behavior of Thymol by computational methods
Zahra Javanshir Leili RahimiThyme garden with the scientific name of thymus vulgaris from Lamiaceae genus has many medicinal values. Thymol is an active ingredient in the essential oil of this plant. Thymol is an important compound with many medicinal properties, one of the important properties of MoreThyme garden with the scientific name of thymus vulgaris from Lamiaceae genus has many medicinal values. Thymol is an active ingredient in the essential oil of this plant. Thymol is an important compound with many medicinal properties, one of the important properties of which is its antioxidant properties, which has led to the widespread use of this compound. In this work, using computational chemistry, which generally solves chemistry problems using mathematical and theoretical principles, the structure of thymol compound was optimized using Gaussian 09 software and using DFT functional including B3LYP with 6-31G* basis set and PCM and IEFPCM models for calculation of solvent energy. Then the half-wave potential was obtained using physical chemistry relationships, it converts to a half-wave potential. and the antioxidant properties of thymol in solvents(Ethanol, DMSO, Heptan) was investigated. The half-wave potential of thymol with PCM and IEFPCM methods, for ethanol solvent, the highest value was obtained. The more negative the half-wave potential, the more anti-oxidant property. The half-wave potential of thymol with PCM and IEFPCM methods, for ethanol solvent, the highest value was obtained. The more negative the half-wave potential, the more anti-oxidant property. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Preparation of Licorice-garlic-fennel essential oils nanoparticles and study of biological, physical and chemical properties
Maral Zahedi Behnaz Memar Maher Navideh Anarjan Hamed HamishehkarPlant essential oils are important in the food industry due to their antimicrobial properties as antioxidants and natural preservatives, as well as flavorings and aromatizers. The main problem is the high volatility and very low solubility of essential oils. Therefore, MorePlant essential oils are important in the food industry due to their antimicrobial properties as antioxidants and natural preservatives, as well as flavorings and aromatizers. The main problem is the high volatility and very low solubility of essential oils. Therefore, the dispersion of essential oils in water as nanomaterials, using the techniques presented in nanotechnology, can be an effective solution to these problems. Therefore, in this study, microemulsions of licorice, garlic and fennel essential oils were successfully prepared. Physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activities, antibacterial activities of the prepared microemulsions were investigated. Microbial and turbidity results showed that reducing the particle size of essential oils in the nanoemulsion range using microemulsion systems could increase their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Because the turbidity of microemulsions is a good indicator of their size or physical stability. Therefore, the stability also increased with decreasing particle size. Therefore, the aim of this work was to prepare licorice, garlic and fennel essential oil nanoparticles and to investigate their physical, chemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Synthesis of iron nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of the medicinal plant Trachyspermum copticum L. and studying its antioxidant properties
Hojjat Eghbal Nima MohammadNehgad Khiyavi Mehdi Ahmadi Sabegh Mostafa Jahani JelodarluTrachyspermum copticum L. is one of the most important Medicinal plants in Iran, which has the potential to synthesize nanoparticles from the extracts of its seeds or aerial parts. In this study, the possibility of green synthesis of iron-free nanoparticles using Trachy MoreTrachyspermum copticum L. is one of the most important Medicinal plants in Iran, which has the potential to synthesize nanoparticles from the extracts of its seeds or aerial parts. In this study, the possibility of green synthesis of iron-free nanoparticles using Trachyspermum copticum L. seed extracts was investigated. Materials and methods: In this study, the seed extract of the Medicinal plant Trachyspermum copticum L. was used for the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles. Antioxidant properties and total amount of phenolic compounds of seed extract and extract containing iron Nano particles were determined. The structural investigation of iron nanoparticles was done using a scanning electron microscope. Findings: According to the obtained results, it can be said that the formation of iron nanoparticles was confirmed by changing the color of the solution from yellow to brown, and antioxidant properties were observed both in the extract containing seeds and in the extract containing iron nanoparticles. And the addition of iron nanoparticles increased the antioxidant properties of Trachyspermum copticum L. medicinal plant. The structural investigation of iron nanoparticles using a scanning electron microscope also showed that the shape of the particles is spherical and its dimensions are 200 nm. Conclusion: The results of these experiments showed that it is possible to use the seed extract of zenian medicinal plant for the synthesis of zero-valent iron nanoparticles, and the increase of zero-valent iron nanoparticles increases its antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Responses of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus.) Root to Foliar Application of Methanol under Water Deficit Stress
Saeed Reza Hosseinzadeh Farzad Paknejad Mohammad Nabi-Ielkaei Raheleh AhmadpourWater shortage in root environment is the main factor limiting crop growth and productivity in dry regions. There are many reports on the role of methanol spraying for increasing drought tolerance in C3 plants. For this reason, a factorial experiment was conducted using MoreWater shortage in root environment is the main factor limiting crop growth and productivity in dry regions. There are many reports on the role of methanol spraying for increasing drought tolerance in C3 plants. For this reason, a factorial experiment was conducted using completely randomized block design with 3 replications at Khatam Alanbia University of Behbahan. Methanol applied with five levels; (control, 5, 15, 25 and 35% v/v) and water deficit stress with three levels: irrigation at 100% of field capacity, moderate water stress, irrigation at 75% of field capacity and severe water stress, irrigation at 25% of field capacity. Foliar application of methanol was applied 3 times during the growing season (at seedling, flowering and podding stages) with 10-days intervals. Results showed that the interactions of methanol × drought on the root dry weight, root diameter, root length (p<0.05) and root area (p<0.01) were significant. In normal irrigation conditions, methanol spraying 5, 15 and 25% increased significantly root dry weight as compared to control. Also, the interactions of methanol ×drought on protein and proline were significant (p<0.01). Methanol spraying incresed significantly root proline and protein contents. Interactions of methanol and drought on sodium and potasium consentration, (p<0.05) and calcium (p<0.01) was significant. Interactions of methanol ×drought on root activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were significant (p<0.05). Also, the effect of drought stress on catalase enzyme activity was significant (p<0.01). Methanol spraying decreased root activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Beta-Estradiol Hormone Application to Increase Salt Tolerance of Different Potato Genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Fahimeh Jidar Rasool Asghari Zakaria Nasser Zare Davood Hassanpanah Leila Ghaffarzadeh NamaziThis experiment was performed to investigate the effect of beta estradiol hormone application on increasing salinity stress tolerance of different potato genotypes in a factorial split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications i MoreThis experiment was performed to investigate the effect of beta estradiol hormone application on increasing salinity stress tolerance of different potato genotypes in a factorial split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2020. Salinity stresses with three levels (0, 50 and 100 mM sodium chloride) and beta-estradiol also with three levels (0, 10-12 and 6-10 M) were assigned to main plots, and 10 potato genotypes to subplots. The results revealed that plant height, number and weight of minituber per plant, average tuber weight and content of antioxidant enzymes in the studied genotypes showed a positive response to beta-estradiol. Thus, with increasing the amount of beta-estradiol application from 10-12 to 10-6 M, the number and weight of minitubers increased in most of the studied genotypes, but the amount of this increase was varied between genotypes. G5 and G6 genotypes with an average of 7.85 and 7.83 minitubers had the highest number of tubers per plant at 10-6 M beta-estradiol, respectively. The lowest value of this trait belonged to G10 genotype with an average of 3.66 minitubers, without significant differences with those of G8 and G9 genotypes. With increasing salinity level, the enzymes of superoxide dismutase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase and also soluble sugars were increased. In all of three salinity levels, beta-estradiol application significantly increased the levels of these enzymes. The highest levels of these enzymes were observed at salinity level of 100 mM with the use of 10-12 or 6-10 M beta estradiol. In this study, the use of beta-estradiol, depending on the genotype, was able to moderate the effect of salinity on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of potatoe tubers. Overall, in this study, G5 and G6 genotypes had relatively high minituber number and weight per plant under salinity stress conditions, Thus, selection of these genotypes is recommended for future breeding programs. Also, these two genotypes had the highest number and weight of minitubers per plant at 10-12 and 10-6 M beta estradiol, which indicates that these genotypes have a high genetic potential for consumption of this hormone as compared to other genotypes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Effects of Salicylic Acid and Seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) Extracts Application on some Physiological Traits of White Bean (Phaseolus lanatus L.) under Drought Stress Conditions
Sara Beigzadeh Abbas Maleki Mohammad Mirzaee Heydari Alireza Rangin Ali KhorgamiDrought is one of the most important growth and yield limiting factors of crop plants in many parts of the world. To investigate the effects of drought stress and seaweed extract and salicylic acid on some photosynthetic and photochemical traits of white bean plant, a s MoreDrought is one of the most important growth and yield limiting factors of crop plants in many parts of the world. To investigate the effects of drought stress and seaweed extract and salicylic acid on some photosynthetic and photochemical traits of white bean plant, a split-factorial experiment, based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in 2016-2017 growing season. The experiment was performed at two different locations: Islamabad and Khorramabad. Main factor consisted of three levels of irrigation (irrigation after 60 mm, 90 mm and 120 mm of accumulated evapotranspiration of class A pan evaporation and sub-plots of 8 different levels of salicylic acidapplication (0.5 molar), no application of salicylic acid, 4 levels of seaweed extracts applications 0, 50, 100 and 150 grams. Results of this study showed that drought stress decreased the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, but the salicylic acid increased both the rate of photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. Drought stress also increased proline content, ion leakage from the membrane and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and reduced the grain yield. Application of salicylic acid increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, but the response to salicylic acid was not similar in various levels of seaweed. The lowest grain yield was obtained from irrigation after 120 mm evaporation and without application of seaweed. Highest grain yield was obtained from irrigation after 60 mm evaporation and 150 g. seaweed treatment. Application of seaweed enhanced the grain yield production. Application of salicylic acid also, increased grain yield by 4.5%. According to the results of this study, it seems that application of salicylic acid and seaweed may reduce some negative effects of drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - Allevation of Oxidative Damages Induced by Salinity in Cress (Lepidium sativum) by Pretreating with Arginine
الهام Asadi karam زهرا AsrarSalinity is one of the main stresses that have negative effectcs on seedling growth, and plant production. It inhibits growth of plants through disturbance of the balance between production of ROS and antioxidant defense mechanism which results in oxidative stress. Beca MoreSalinity is one of the main stresses that have negative effectcs on seedling growth, and plant production. It inhibits growth of plants through disturbance of the balance between production of ROS and antioxidant defense mechanism which results in oxidative stress. Because, arginine is a vital regulator of physiological and developmental processes the effect of different concentrations of arginine pretreatment of the plant on alleviation of oxidative stress induced by salt 50 and 100Mm NaCl was investigated. Arginine pretreatment increased chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid and seedling growth under salinity condition. Results also showed that salt stress increased proline, protein, H2O2, soluble sugar and the activity of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and catalase. Pretreatment of plants with Arg reduced proline, soluble sugar, H2O2 and antioxidant enzymes activity content significantly. The conclusion is that in garden cress plants, pretreatment with concentration of 5 µM and 10 μM arginine may protect cress under salinity stress, probably through the contracting with ROS and or induction of anti-oxidative enzymes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - Effect of Super Absorbent Polymer and Soil Texture Affecting the Physiological Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Water Deficit Stress
Alireza Moeini Ali Neshat Najme Yazdanpanah Amin Pasandi PourIn order to evaluate the role of super absorbent polymer (SAP) for mitigating the water deficit stress at sandy and clay-loam soils, the effect of five values of SAP (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g.kg-1 soil), three water treatment (the relative soil water content of 80, 60 MoreIn order to evaluate the role of super absorbent polymer (SAP) for mitigating the water deficit stress at sandy and clay-loam soils, the effect of five values of SAP (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g.kg-1 soil), three water treatment (the relative soil water content of 80, 60, and 40%) and two soil textures (sandy and clay-loam) on biomass production, photosynthetic pigments, leaf gas exchange parameters, leaf relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (REC), proline content, catalase, super oxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase activity. The experiment was carried out with a factorial arrangement based on complete randomized design in triplicates at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Kerman, Iran. The results revealed that water deficit stress caused a significant decrease in net photosynthesis rate, leaf stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a+b content, RWC, plant height, and dry matter production of maize. CAT, SOD, APX activity, REC, and proline were elevated with increasing water deficit stress levels. Application of SAP under water deficit stress increased the net photosynthesis (32.3%), stomatal conductance (38%), chlorophyll a+b (23.9%), RWC (11.9%), and dry matter production (24%), while it decreased REC (10.8%), proline content (66.9%), CAT (42.7%), SOD (33.2%), and APX activity (34.3%) as compared to control. It can be concluded that application of SAP (0.8 g.kg-1 soil) improved plant growth of maize under water deficit stress through increasing the water holding capacity in soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - The Effect of Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Antimicrobial Activity and some Physiological Characteristics of Onion (Allium cepa L.)
Masoomeh AmerianOnion is a medicinal plant which have many uses in traditional medicine. It is a valuable crop since ancient times and it ranks second after tomato among cultivated vegetables in the world. Also, onion has great importance in the diet of Iranian people. In this study ef MoreOnion is a medicinal plant which have many uses in traditional medicine. It is a valuable crop since ancient times and it ranks second after tomato among cultivated vegetables in the world. Also, onion has great importance in the diet of Iranian people. In this study effect of different nitrogen levels (56, 112, 168 and 224 mg.L-1) on antimicrobial activity and some physiological characteristics of bulb extracts were studied.The highest and lowest amounts of inhibitory efficacy of methanol extract of onion bulbs at concentration of 0.30 mg.L-1 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, were observed. According to the results, different levels of nitrogen had a positive effect on the antimicrobial properties onion bulb extract. With increased nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution, antimicrobial activity onion bulb extracts increased. With the increase in nitrogen concentration in nutrient solution content antioxidant activity, total phenol, total flavonoids, and ascorbic acid were increased. Increasing the concentration of antioxidant compounds was associated with increased antimicrobial activity of onion bulb extract. In recent years, the consumption of onion has increased due to its flavor and health benefits. The beneficial properties of onion are mainly related to its high content of sulfur compounds and flavonoids, and the role of these compounds as antioxidants, anti-microbial and anti-cancer have been proven. Nitrogen was effective on the inhibitory effect of bulb methanol extract, which could be due to the effect of nitrogen on the metabolism of sulfur compounds and flavonoids in bulb. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Variation of Pigment Content and Antioxidant Enzyme Activites in Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seedlings under Salt Stress
سجاد Moharramnejad M. ValizadehEffects of salt stress (NaCl) on fresh weight, pigment content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT) activities in nine genotypes of pinto bean exposed to two levels of NaCl )0 and 400 mM( were studied. A factorial experiment on the basis MoreEffects of salt stress (NaCl) on fresh weight, pigment content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT) activities in nine genotypes of pinto bean exposed to two levels of NaCl )0 and 400 mM( were studied. A factorial experiment on the basis of completely randomized design was carried out in laboratory conditions. Salinity stress increased carotenoids in the leaves while it decreased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll significantly. Salinity reduced by 24.31% fresh weight. Electrophoretic analyses were performed by using 8% slab polyacrylamide gels. For each isozymic band the “density × area” scores onto gels were evaluated by MCID software as enzymatic activity. Three isozymes were observed for each of SOD and POX and one for CAT. Salt stress increased activities of all observed enzymes. Application of salt stress increased activities of SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3. Their activity increment was estimate to be 26.31, 13.89 and 17.64 percent respectively. POX1, POX2 and POX3 activity increment, were also estimated to be48.38, 21 and 43.02 percent respectively. In the case of CAT it was 43.85 percent. Antioxidant enzymes activity increment could be important strategy for reducing the damage caused by oxidative stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - The Effect of Salicylic Acid on Some Physiological Reactions of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) Under Salinity Stress
A. Pasandi Pour H. Farahbakhsh M. Saffari B. KaramatThis study performed to investigate the effects different concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM) on membrane lipid peroxidation of fenugreek under levels of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) in hydroponic condition. The experiment con MoreThis study performed to investigate the effects different concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 µM) on membrane lipid peroxidation of fenugreek under levels of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) in hydroponic condition. The experiment conducted as factorial, in completely randomized design with three replications. Results showed that in plants treated with salinity, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents were reduced in comparison with control plants. However, the salinity increased MDA, other aldehydes, catalase and peroxidase activity in shoots. Results also indicted that applying salicylic acid, especially with concentration of 10 and 15µM, increased the membrane lipid peroxidation and decreased the membrane stability index as compared to the control plants. Results also showed that using 5µM salicylic acid did not significantly improve the salt stress effects compared to the control plants. However, concentration of 20µM salicylic acid increased stress, and decreased the above mentioned parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Morphophysiological and Antioxidant Properties of Calendula officinalis L. under Irrigation Regimes
Afsaneh Pirmani Touraj Mir Mahmoodi Soran Sharafi Saman Yazdan SetaTo study the effects of nitrogen levels on morphophysiological and antioxidants properties of calendula under deferent irrigation regimes a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Urmia Agricultural MoreTo study the effects of nitrogen levels on morphophysiological and antioxidants properties of calendula under deferent irrigation regimes a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the Urmia Agricultural Station of Saat Lo for two cropping seasons 2016-17. Treatments were four levels of irrigation (irrigation after 5, 10, 15 and 20 days) assigned to main plots, and application of 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg.ha-1 nitrogen to subplots. Results showed that the effects of irrigation intervals on all studied traits waer significant. There were significant differences among nitrogen levels on all traits except proline content. Interaction of two treatments was significant on leaf area index, stomatal conduction coefficient, chlorophyll b, essential oil percentage, and essential oil yield. Resulats also indicated that, with increasing irrigation intervals from 5 to 20 days, relative water content, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and dry flower yield were reduced by 36.64, 35.27, 24.31 and 45.77 percent respectively. Proline content, catalase superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde activities were increased by 24.72, 33.04, 35.51 and 20.86 percent, respectively. Among the nitrogen fertilizer levels, 160 kg ha-1 increased, relative water content, chlorophyll a, carotenoid and dry flower yield by 16.18, 4.24, 23.68 and 28.26 percent, respectively, while it reduced the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde by 18.10, 21.23 and 29.69 percent respectively as compared to control. The highest leaf area index, stomatal conduction coefficient, chlorophyll b were increased by the use of 160 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation intervals of 5 days. The highest percentage of essential oil of the flower and essential oil yield were also belonged to the application of 160 kg.ha-1 nitrogen and irrigation interval of 10 days. To obtain better quality and higher essential oil yield from calendula, irrigation interval of 10 days and application of 160 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Reducing Arsenic Toxicity Stress in Soybean (Glycine max L.) by Using of Sodium Nitroprusside
Elham Asadi karam Batool Keramat Hossein MozaffariArsenic contamination is one of the most important compounds all over the world. Arsenic in different ways, including the formation of reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation impairs growth of plants. In this study, the effect of arsenic and sodium nitro MoreArsenic contamination is one of the most important compounds all over the world. Arsenic in different ways, including the formation of reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation impairs growth of plants. In this study, the effect of arsenic and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were evaluated on soybean. Soybean at four leaf stage was treated with different concentrations of arsenic (0, 150 and 300 mM) and SNP (0 and 100 mM), and then concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, proline, malondialdehyde and activity of antioxidant enzymes in its shoot were measured. The results showed that increasing concentration of arsenic in Hoagland solution reduced total chlorophyll content in the shoot and increased the activity of catalase and peroxidase significantly. It was also observed that treating plants with arsenic increased hydrogen peroxid accumulation which resulted in peroxidation of membrane lipids. Higher malondialdehyde content confirmed this result. Using SNP in the medium containing arsenic increased total chlorophyll content, activities of guaiacol peroxidase enzyme and ascorbate peroxidase, significantly. However, the catalase activity in this case decreased. Thus it can be concluded that using SNP, would reduce effectively the damage of oxidation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Effect of Salicylic Acid Application under Salinity Conditions on Physiologic and Morphologic Characteristics of Artemisia (Artemisia annua L.)
K. Eskandari Zanjani A.H. Shirani Rad A. Moradi Agdam T. TaherkhaniTo eveluate the effect of salicylic acid application under salinity stress conditions on physiologic and morphologic characteristics of artemisia, a factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was conducted in Zanjan, Iran, duri MoreTo eveluate the effect of salicylic acid application under salinity stress conditions on physiologic and morphologic characteristics of artemisia, a factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications was conducted in Zanjan, Iran, during 2010-11. Treatments used were salinity four levels (0 (control), 4, 8 and 12 ds. m-1) and two levels salicylic acid (control and application of 0.5 mM). Traits measured were plant height, number of lateral shoot, seed yield of flowering shoots, antioxidant enzymes activity like catalas and superoxide dismutase, proline concentration and chlorophyll content of leaves were evaluated. The results showed that salinity stress decreased plant height, number of lateral shoot, seed yield of flowering shoots and chlorophyll content, and application of salicylic acid under both stress and non-stress conditions improved the above mentioned traits. Salinity stress also increased activity of antioxidant enzymes as well as catalase and superoxide dismotase and proline accumulation. Application of salicylic acid under both non-stress and salinity stress conditions decreased activity antioxidant enzymes and proline accumulation and reduced the effects salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The Effect of Water Deficit stress on Osmotic Metabolites and Anti Oxidant System and Grain and Oil Yield of Amaranth CV. Koniz
Mehrdad YarniaDrought is one of the most important environmental stresses that highly affect crop growth and yield. But the response of crops to stress depending on the timing of crop growth stages is different. The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of different levels MoreDrought is one of the most important environmental stresses that highly affect crop growth and yield. But the response of crops to stress depending on the timing of crop growth stages is different. The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of different levels of water stress (irrigation after 50, 80, 110, 140 and 170 mm evaporation from pan) on different stages of Amaranth growth (establishment, branching, flowering and grain filling). To find the effects of water deficit stress on this plant it was decided to determine its protein percentage, oil and grain yields under drought stress. Evaluation of physiological characteristics as to the extent of osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity was also carried out. Results showed that water deficit stress,depending on the severity and duration of stress, caused a reduction between between a minimum of 10 to a maximum of 89 percent in yield, 28 to 70 percent in harvest index, 12 to 32 percent in grain protein and 29 to 97 percent in oil yield. This indicates the high sensitivity of grain and oil yields to severe and prolonged drought stresses. Changes in osmotic substances (proline and soluble carbohydrates) showed that this crop under water stress conditions increased proline and soluble carbohydrates by 31 and 50 percents, respectively. Thus, if could be said that under severe droughts the ability of crops to cops with drought will be reduced. Similarly, amaranth, to cope with water stress, increases the amount of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, peroxidase and super oxid dismutase up to 53, 23 and 79%, respectively. Higher amount of super oxid dismutase enzyme produce as the result of drought stress may play an important role to cope with reactive oxygen species and oxidative stresses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Pretreatment of Sesame Seed (Sesamum indicum L.) with Proline and its Effective on Seed Germination and Plant Physiological Defense Systems under Different Temperature Regimes
Nasibeh Tavakoli Ali Ebadi Hourieh Tavakoli Payam TizfahmTo study the effects of proline and temperature on the rates of antioxidant enzymes and germination index, a factorial laboratory experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications at the Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014. Treatme MoreTo study the effects of proline and temperature on the rates of antioxidant enzymes and germination index, a factorial laboratory experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted with three replications at the Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014. Treatments cinsisted of three levels of proline (0, 5 and 10 mM) and different temperature regimes (15, 25 and 35°C). Results showed that proline significantly increased germination index, rates of antioxidant enzymes, proline, protein and mobility of food reserves. Exogenous application of proline increased assimilates in the seedlings. However, proline synthesis was decreased at temrature regimes of 15 and35°C as compared to 25 °C. Peroxidase enzyme rate at 25°C was lowere than of 15 and 35 °C and addition of proline increased levels of enzymes at these temperature regemes. Application of 10 mM proline at 25 °C showed the highest activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase rates. However, rates of these enzymes at 15 and 35°C decreased as compared with that of 25°C. The length of radicle increased at all temperatures regemes and the length of plumule increased by proline, but reduced at temperatures of 15 and 35°C. According to the positive effects of proline on food reserves and seed vigor index, speed and rate of germination, proline, protein and antioxidant enzymes contents of seedlings, it seems that pretreatment of seeds with proline is an appropriate method for better seed germination attributs under these temperatures regemes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Changes of Germination Properties, Photosynthetic Pigments and Anti Oxidant Enzymes Activity of Safflower as Affected by Drought and Salinity Stresses
علیرضا Sirousmehr J. Bardel S. MohammadiTo evaluate the effects of drought and salinity stresses on some germination characteristics, contents of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX and GPX) in the leaves of safflower, a factorial experiment based on CRD was conducted during 2012 at both MoreTo evaluate the effects of drought and salinity stresses on some germination characteristics, contents of photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX and GPX) in the leaves of safflower, a factorial experiment based on CRD was conducted during 2012 at both laboratory and greenhouse of Zabol University with four replications. To expose the plants to drought (0, -6 and -8 bars) and salinity stresses (5, 10 and 15 ds.m-1) PEG 6000 and NaCl were used respectively. The results indicated that the effects of factors on germination percentage and rate, chlorophyll a and b contents and antioxidants enzymes activities were significant. The result of laboratory study revealed a reduction in percentage and speed of germination when plants exposed to negative osmotic potential. Photosynthetic pigments of plant leaves grown in greenhouse significantly decreased by increasing drought and salinity stresses. Increasing drought stress along with soluble salts changed the activity of some antioxidant enzymes. Enzymes’ activity of both CAT and GPX were increased when the plants expose to PEG drought stress, but decreased against the levels of salt stress. APX activity also increased due to drought stress. Interactive effects of drought×salinity stresses indicated that under lower stress GPX enzymes increased salinity, and under severe stress APX was highly increased. It means the production and activity of plant defensive system like these enzymes in recent tensions and leads to protect or make plants tolerate against oxidative stress induced by drought and salinity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Evaluation of Grain Yield and some Biochemical Characteristics of Five Chickpea Cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.) under Drought Stress in Kermanshah Region
Seyed Mohammad Naseh Hosseini Mohsen Saeidi Cirous MansourifarTo study the effect of water deficit on biochemical changes in chickpea, a split-plot experiment based on complete block design with three replications was carried out at the Research Farm of Razi University in Iran. Moisture regimes with three levels, were: 1) irrigati MoreTo study the effect of water deficit on biochemical changes in chickpea, a split-plot experiment based on complete block design with three replications was carried out at the Research Farm of Razi University in Iran. Moisture regimes with three levels, were: 1) irrigation cut off from beginning of flowering till maturity, 2) irrigation cut off from beginning of podding till maturity and 3) irrigating plants at all stages of growth (control) assigned to the main-plots and five chickpea cultivars: Arman, Azad, Bivanij, Hashem and ILC482 to the sub-plots. Based on the results, two levels of water deficit resulted in significant reduction in the chlorophylls and carotenoids concentration and significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as: catalase, peroxidase and super oxide dismutase of leaves, in comparison with control. Therefore, there was a negative correlation between the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the amount of available water in soil, and their activity increased with increasing the severity of water stress. Seed yield was significantly affected by water deficit. In comparison of control treatment, irrigation cut off from the beginning of flowering up to maturity compared to irrigation cut off from podding up to maturity resulted in more reduction in seed yield (36 and 15% respectively). ILC482 cultivar with seed yield of 715 kg.ha-1 under irrigation cut off from the beginning of flowering up to maturity and Arman cultivar with a seed yield of 1355 kg.ha-1 under irrigation cut off from podding up to maturity produced highest grain yield. High yield cultivars under two levels of water deficit including: ILC482, Azad and Bivanij also had the highest photosynthetic pigments concentration and highest antioxidant activity in their leaves. The results also indicated a positive relationship between the antioxidant enzymes activities and photosynthetic pigment concentrations in chickpea which may help to increase growth and yield of chickpea under drought stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Response of Some Morpho-physiological Characteristics of Borago (Borago officinalis) to Nano Particles of Titanium Spraying
Roufiya Heydary Romy Payam Moaveny Hossein Hoseinpour Darvishy Mahdi ArefradBrago is an important medicinal plant. This study, thus, was conducted with different levels of nano particles of titanium (0.01, 0.03 and 0.05%) and elemental titanium on its different growth stages (4-5 leaf, flowering and after flowering) with four replications in a MoreBrago is an important medicinal plant. This study, thus, was conducted with different levels of nano particles of titanium (0.01, 0.03 and 0.05%) and elemental titanium on its different growth stages (4-5 leaf, flowering and after flowering) with four replications in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design at the Agricultural Field of Rement Village of Babol, Mazandaran, Iran, in 2012. Results showed that there were a significant differences between treatments of titanium, time of treatments and between their interactions. Among the traits under study, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, stem fresh weigh at 1% and plant hight, stem dry weight, total plant fresh weight and total plant dry weight at %5 levels of probabilities showed significant differences for their interaction between different treatments of titanium and different stage of development. The highest plant height, leaf dry weight and plant fresh weight and plant dry weight were produced when nano particles of titanium applied after flowering stage. Where as, the highest fresh leaf, fresh stem weight and total plant fresh weights were obtained when plants treated with titanium at flowering stage. On the other hand, dry weight of flowering branches showed significant negative correlation with GPX antioxidant enzyme. The lowest GPX antioxidant enzyme was produced when nano particles of titanium were applied after flowering stage at 0.01% probability level. As a whole, the results of this experiment suggest that there are significant differences among titanium treatments when they are applied at different growth stages of this plant. This study also showed that application of nano particles of titanium after flowering of this plant increased its flowering branches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The effect of cold argon plasma on the activity of oxidative enzymes of important commercial soybean cultivars used in aquatic diets
Amir Hossein SariAbstract Cold plasma due to its temperature in the range of 25-100° C under atmospheric or even lower pressure, can be employed to improve healthy and quality of crops. By using this technique, industrial food developers are not forced to employ chemical materials MoreAbstract Cold plasma due to its temperature in the range of 25-100° C under atmospheric or even lower pressure, can be employed to improve healthy and quality of crops. By using this technique, industrial food developers are not forced to employ chemical materials or other toxic methods. In the present study, the impact of cold argon plasma on 4 cultivars and 2 within cultivar (class) of soybean seeds cultivars used in aquatic diets was studied. In this manner, activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were measured respectively by Chance-Maehly, Nakano-Asada and Giannopolitis-Ries. The observations confirmed the activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased as 0.88-4.40, 0.4-4.01 and 0.86-5.89 fold, respectively. The corresponding values were obtained by the plasma for 60 s and almost all enzymes indicated a lower activity with the plasma treatment for 420 s. These observations confirmed that for promotion of seed germination and enzyme activity, the plasma for 60 s with the frequency and voltage of 8 kHz and 5 kV is needed. In contrast, the longer exposure times make a lower physiological activity in seeds. In general, this method is suggested to reach healthier and heavier seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activity of Prosopis farcta root extract on foodborne bacteria
H. Aziznia J. Keramat صبیحه Soleimanian zadPlants are valuable sources of different antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. The composition and structure of the functional groups of essential oils and extracts play an important role in their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Prosopis farcta is a spice of MorePlants are valuable sources of different antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. The composition and structure of the functional groups of essential oils and extracts play an important role in their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Prosopis farcta is a spice of Leguminosae family and Mimosoideae subfamily, an aborigine to the dry and semi-dried regions of Asia, Africa and America. In this study, the root extract of Prosopis farcta prepared by the soxhlet extractor and ethanol 70% solvent. The extraction yield was estimated at 1.85%. Total phenol and flavonoids compounds were calculated 178.14 ± 0.17 mg Gallic acid/g and 94.33 ± 0.77 mg Quercetin/g, respectively. Phenolic compounds comprised 11.98% of the total chemical composition of the extract. IC50 for root extract and BHT (synthetic antioxidant) was determined 2.45 μg/ml and 1.98 μg/ml, respectively. In the β-carotene-linoleic acid system, the average antioxidant activity reported 39.25% for root extract and 57.13% for the BHT. Among 250, 500 and 1000 ppm concentrations of the extract, 1000 ppm showed the best antioxidant effect in soybean oil for 12 days storage at 50°C. Staphylococcus aureus (with MIC 200 µg/ml and MBC 350 µg/ml) showed the most sensitivity in comparison with the two gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. The results of this study showed that the hydro-ethanolic root extract of Prosopis farcta had suitable antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of )Echinacea purpurea( extract and identification of extract compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
M. Ghaedan N. Zamindar M. Goli N. Ghasemi SeproThis study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Echinacea purpurea, which is used as an antiseptic, immune system booster, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-poisoning herbaceous plant. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, MoreThis study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Echinacea purpurea, which is used as an antiseptic, immune system booster, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-poisoning herbaceous plant. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, total phenolic compounds and DPPH radical scavenging of the extract were measured. Antimicrobial properties of the extract were assessed using well-diffusion method. The components of the extract were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC MS). The data were analyzed using SPSS and Duncan's statistical test. The plant extract showed high level of phenolic compounds. The DPPH radical scavenging of the extract was tested at concentrations of 0.22, 0.25, 0.27, 0.31, 0.35, 0.41, 0.50 g/ml. The concentration of IC50 indicated sufficient inhibitory potential of the extract. The diameter (means ± SD) of the growth inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger was estimated at 4.67 ± 1.24, 3.11 ± 0.84 and 1.78 ± 0.89 mm, respectively. Based on well-diffusion assay, S. aureus was found more sensitive than E. coli, and E. coli was more sensitive than A. niger. Using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 81.38% of the total extract compounds were identified. Important components of the extract consisted of germacrene D (21.67%), paracetamol (5.53%), Bernoulli (4.58%), respectively. The results showed that Echinacea extract had excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - Potassium sorbate reduction in sponge cake with herbal extracts and evaluation of its properties
A. Badali A. JavadiDue to the adverse effects of chemical preservatives and the negative attitude of consumers, the use of herbal essential oils as natural preservatives has attracted particular attention. In this regard, 11 cake samples containing 0 to 1000 mg/kg extracts of ginger, cinn MoreDue to the adverse effects of chemical preservatives and the negative attitude of consumers, the use of herbal essential oils as natural preservatives has attracted particular attention. In this regard, 11 cake samples containing 0 to 1000 mg/kg extracts of ginger, cinnamon and cardamom solely or in combination were prepared and compared during 3 storage time (production day (day 1), day 30 and day 60) with two control samples with (positive control) and without (negative control) potassium sorbate in terms of chemical, microbial and sensory properties. Results showed that in all samples pH decreased with time and acidic and peroxide values increased (P< 0.05). Microbial examination of the samples showed the amount of mold and yeast increased during storage time (P< 0.05). In terms of sensory properties, all samples were highly scored on the first day of production, however the sensory scores decreased during storage period. According to the results, using an equal combination of cardamom, ginger and cinnamon extracts (sample 3 containing cardamom and cinnamon and sample 4 with equal content of three extracts) were able to increase the shelf life and maintain the sensory properties of the cakes without the use of chemical preservatives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Study of astaxanthin and garlic essential oil effects in the diet of rainbow trout and evaluation of biometric indicators, antioxidant and organoleptic properties of the meat
S. Alireza Mortazavi Tabrizi Asshin Javadi Navideh Anarjan جاوید Mortazavi H. MirzaeiThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of additive garlic essence and astaxanthin in macrostructural and nanostructural forms in rainbow trouts’ feed on preservative and sensory properties of meat and biometric measures. Garlic essential oil was produced by Clev MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of additive garlic essence and astaxanthin in macrostructural and nanostructural forms in rainbow trouts’ feed on preservative and sensory properties of meat and biometric measures. Garlic essential oil was produced by Clevenger apparatus and nanostructural forms were prepared by emulsifier and by mixing organic and aqueous phases. Seven hundred fish were equally and randomly divided into seven groups in separate pools with a control group. Six treatments were considered as follows: macrostructural garlic essence (T1), macrostructural astaxanthin (T2), nanostructural garlic essence (T3), nanostructural astaxanthin (T4), garlic essence with astaxanthin in macrostructural (T5) and nanostructural (T6) forms in diet. After 40 days, meat samples were evaluated for antioxidant and sensory properties. Biometric measurements were performed during the farming. Results showed a notable reduction of peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values and positive effects on the smell, flavor, and color of the treated groups’ meat compared to the control group (p<0.05). The meat texture was adversely affected in T1 (p<0.05); However, other treatments showed no effects on meat texture (p>0.05). The mortality rate was lower in the treated groups and the lowest FCRs (Feed Conversion Ratio) were observed in T3 and T4 groups. In general, it was discovered that garlic essence and astaxanthin in the diets improved antioxidant and sensory properties of meat and the biometric properties of rainbow trouts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - A review of the use of plant extracts to control melanosis in farmed shrimp
M. SeifzadehShrimp is a highly perishable product with limited shelf life due to melanosis and biological composition. Controlling the destructive effects of melanosis is one of the major challenges for the industry. Melanosis in crustaceans is usually controlled by inhibitors such MoreShrimp is a highly perishable product with limited shelf life due to melanosis and biological composition. Controlling the destructive effects of melanosis is one of the major challenges for the industry. Melanosis in crustaceans is usually controlled by inhibitors such as sodium metabisulfite. However, the use of synthetic inhibitors for melanosis and antioxidants in food processing is usually limited by considerations related to safety and impact on food quality. Thus, over the last decade, the trend towards studies on the use of natural extracts to control shrimp melanosis has increased. Data from some articles published by ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, SpringerLink, and Scopus databases on the occurrence of melanin black pigment in shrimp skin were used. The shrimps were dipped in extracts and stored in ice or refrigerator. In Iran, only the effects of grape seed extract to prevent melanosis have been studied. Some studies have reported higher effects of plant extracts such as Garcinia cowa Roxb, Persicaria Odorata, rosemary, green tea, avocado, Arabic coffee grounds, and chamomile than sodium bisulfite. Some researchers have described the effects of extracts such as olive, rosemary, and thyme along with metabisulfite in preventing melanosis more than metabisulfite alone. Plant extracts were effective in reducing black spots in shrimp for 2-28 days. Studies have shown that plant extracts can act as antioxidants and be an effective natural alternative to inhibit melanosis after shrimp death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Effect of the solvent types and extraction conditions on the quality and antimicrobial characteristics of Paeonia officinalis L. extract
Zahra Yaghobi koupaei Hajar AbbasiPaeonia officinalis L. is one of the species of the Paeoniaceae family. Its root has different effective compounds e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, and monoterpenes. It shows biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-oxidative, relaxing and MorePaeonia officinalis L. is one of the species of the Paeoniaceae family. Its root has different effective compounds e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, and monoterpenes. It shows biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-oxidative, relaxing and anti-pain properties. This study evaluated the effect of three solvents, ethanol/water, water, and water/ethanol/hexane on extracting the active ingredients. These solvents were applied by the methods of immersion, immersion with ultrasonic waves, and the use of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide with auxiliary solvents. The efficiency, qualitative characteristics (pH, polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant properties) and antimicrobial properties of the extracts were evaluated by the well-diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Candida albicans. Also, the MIC and MBC of the extracts on the activity of these organisms were determined. The results showed that the independent variables significantly affect the quantity and quality of the produced extracts (P ≤ 0.05). Using the water/ethanol, and the immersion method in combination with ultrasonic waves, the highest extract efficiency (17.66± 0.34), of the phenolic compounds (33.5±0.65) and antioxidant property (76±1.44) was obtained. The diameter of the inhibition zone for E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans in the vicinity of this sample was more than others. Meanwhile, the inhibition zone of S. Typhimurium was larger in the presence of watery extract using the immersion method. The quantity and quality of the extract using supercritical fluid was lower than others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - A comprehensive review on the structure, properties and application of phycocyanin pigment
R. Safari S. Reyhani Poul Sakineh YeganehThis review aims to evaluate the intrinsic properties and different applications of phycocyanin pigment in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, in each section, a detailed history of the research conducted in the field of phycocyanin is presented. Phycoc MoreThis review aims to evaluate the intrinsic properties and different applications of phycocyanin pigment in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, in each section, a detailed history of the research conducted in the field of phycocyanin is presented. Phycocyanin is a blue pigment, a light receiver with antioxidant and fluorescent properties in cyanobacteria, and two algae from the genus rhodophytes and cryptophytes. Phycocyanin pigment consists of two relatively similar subunits α and β. The alpha chain contains one phycocyanobilin attached to cysteine 89 and the beta chain contains two phycocyanobilins attached to cysteines 84 and 155. Phycocyanin is commercially produced from spirulina algae (spirulina platensis), in the form of photoautotrophic cultures, and open environments in large ponds or pools in tropical or subtropical areas at the edges of oceans. This pigment can be extracted from the mentioned algae by using different techniques such as enzymatic method, ultrasound, freezing-defrosting, mineral solvent, homogenization, stress and osmotic shock, high hydrostatic pressure, ultracentrifuge, and ultra homogenization. Depending on the extraction conditions, each method has its advantages and disadvantages, but the enzymatic and ultrasound methods are more efficient than other methods. Phycocyanin has many medicinal and therapeutic properties, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory; In addition, the positive effect of this pigment on nerve cells, kidneys, and the immune system has been confirmed. Phycocyanin, having three colorings, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, has the potential to be used in various food formulations, such as yogurt, cheese, ice cream, etc., which have been proven in various research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Investigation the synergistic effects of licorice, garlic and fennel essential oils Microemulsions as natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents
M. Zahedi B. Memar Maher Navideh Anarjan H. HamishehkarThe demand for the use of plant essential oils due to their antimicrobial properties as antioxidants and natural preservatives and flavorings and aromatizers is increasing in the food industry. Therefore, in this study, microemulsions of licorice, garlic, and fennel ess MoreThe demand for the use of plant essential oils due to their antimicrobial properties as antioxidants and natural preservatives and flavorings and aromatizers is increasing in the food industry. Therefore, in this study, microemulsions of licorice, garlic, and fennel essential oils were successfully prepared alone and in combination. Physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activities, antibacterial activities, and synergistic properties of prepared microemulsions were investigated. For this reason, various microemulsions with oily phases consisting of pure licorice, garlic, and fennel essential oils and their combination were prepared. Microbial and turbidity results showed that reduced particle size of essential oil in the nanoemulsion range can increase their antibacterial and antioxidant properties using microemulsion systems. In addition, the synergistic effects of essential oil on each other were observed where oil phase microemulsions consisting of two components showed higher antibacterial and antioxidant activity compared to the oil phase of one component. Therefore, the work aimed to develop a microemulsion system with two oil phases consisting of licorice, garlic, and fennel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - Identification of active components in the extracts of Hypericum Perforatum L. and Oliveria Decumbens Vent. and evaluation of their antioxidant and antimicrobial effects on some microorganisms
Mahsa jafarpour Hajar Abbasi Mohammad GoliEssential oils and extracts of medicinal plants have been highly regarded as natural food additives and preservatives due to the presence of bioactive compounds and functional activities, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this research, Hypericum pe MoreEssential oils and extracts of medicinal plants have been highly regarded as natural food additives and preservatives due to the presence of bioactive compounds and functional activities, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this research, Hypericum perforatum and Oliveria decumbens were extracted by the maceration method and ultrasonic waves. Total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant as well as antimicrobial activities were assessed by GC-MS. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus niger were evaluated. The results showed that 19 main compounds, the most important of which are Thymol (24.40%), Carvacrol (23.00%), and Myristicin (9.78%), comprise 90.22% of O. decumbens extract. In the extract of H. perforatum, 20 compounds constitute 94.16% of the extract, among which Hypericin (25.92%) and Hyperforin (16.69%) are the most important effective compounds. The content of phenolic compounds of Hypericum perforatum and O. decumbens extracts were 24.0 and 9.5 mg/g of dry weight, respectively. H. perforatum extract shows higher antioxidant activity compared to O. decumbens extract (IC50 of H. perforatum and O. decumbens extracts are 0.173 and 0.470 g/ml, respectively). The extract of H. perforatum inhibited the activity of S. aureus and E. coli, however, did not significantly inhibit the activity of A. niger. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Nanoencapsulation of green tea extract by thin film layer method and its properties
B. Noudoost N. Noori H. Gandomi A. Akhondzadeh BastiThe application of natural compounds including green tea extract (GTE) in food preparation and pharmaceutical industries is limited. Encapsulation in nanoliposomes could be used as a delivery system to protect these compounds during processing and storage. In this study MoreThe application of natural compounds including green tea extract (GTE) in food preparation and pharmaceutical industries is limited. Encapsulation in nanoliposomes could be used as a delivery system to protect these compounds during processing and storage. In this study physicochemical characterization, total phenol content and antibacterial and antioxidant activity of green tea extract encapsulated in nanoliposomes were evaluated. GTE was encapsulated in liposomes by thin film layer method and reached to nanoscale with sonication. The antioxidant activity of nanoliposomal GTE was estimated by DPPH assay. The antibacterial activity of nanoliposomal GTE against Bacillus cereus (ATCC11778), Salmonella typhimurium 138 phage type 2, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC19118) was determined using well diffusion technique. The mean diameter of nanoliposomes was about 44.7±1.9 nm and had 0.203±0.014 polydispersity index. Entrapment efficiency of nanoliposomal GTE under the optimum conditions was 97%. Antibacterial activity of GTE was significantly increased after encapsulation in nanoliposomes. The strongest antibacterial activity of nanoliposomal GTE was seen against L. monocytogenes with an inhibition zone of 16.2 mm while E. coli was the most resistance strain with an inhibition zone of 14 mm. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of GTE was significantly increased after nanoliposome encapsulation since the IC50 value of nanoliposomal GTE was decreased to 1.78 μg/ml. Nanoencapsulation effectively enhanced beneficial properties of GTE including antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - Antioxidant activity of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and black caraway (Buniumpersicum Boiss) extracts, individually and in combination on chemical changes and sensory properties of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix) stored in refrigerator
مرضیه Gholamzadeh هدایت Hosseini سهیل Eskandari ابراهیم Hosseini مریم GholamzadehHerbs due to having natural antioxidant compounds are widely used by food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of antioxidant activities of black cumin as well as black caraway extracts individually and in the comb MoreHerbs due to having natural antioxidant compounds are widely used by food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of antioxidant activities of black cumin as well as black caraway extracts individually and in the combination form on chemical and sensory properties of silver carp during refrigerator storage. To do this, fish was cut into four parts. Three parts were dipped in 1% solution of black cumin and black caraway extracts, and their combination. The forth part was dipped in distilled water as a control sample. All fish cuts were packed up in polyethylene bags and were stored at refrigerator (4±1°C). Chemical indices (i.e., PV, TBA and FFA) and sensory properties were measured over a period of 15 days (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days). According to the results, in all three treatments lipid oxidation was delayed significantly (p<0.05) in comparison with the control sample. Moreover, sensory analysis revealed that the sample treated with black cumin extract had the best quality over the period of 15 days. Besides, the rising trend of the chemical indices was hindered significantly in comparison with the other treatments. Based on the results, it was concluded that extracts of black cumin and black caraway and their combination had an antioxidant effect on silver carp fish and could lengthen the shelf-life of the treated samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - Investigation of the antioxidant properties of metanolic peel extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum var. Rabbab)
Enayat Beriz Seyed Shahramr Shekarforoush Saeid HosseinzadehPlants are riched by phenolic compounds and considered as the main natural antioxidants. Many efforts have been recently made to clarify the source of natural antioxidants and their roles to protect from oxidative stress injuries. The present study was aimed to qualify MorePlants are riched by phenolic compounds and considered as the main natural antioxidants. Many efforts have been recently made to clarify the source of natural antioxidants and their roles to protect from oxidative stress injuries. The present study was aimed to qualify the phenolic compounds of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) of Rabbab variety and their antioxidant effect to substitute the synthetic compounds. Folin- Ciocalteu method was employed to investigate phenolic compound, while, spectrophotometery is used to measure flavonoid, antocyanin and oxidative ability. The antioxidant activity of different concentration of PPE was measured using DPPH. Results showed the concentrations of 70.83 mg TAE/g, 21.33 mg CE/g and 136.66 mmol/100 mL corresponding to the phenolic, flavonoid and antocyanin compounds, respectively. The antioxidant effect by linoleic system has shown to inhibit 89.61% of linoleic oxidation in the methanolic extract of PPE. Increasing the concentration of phenolic compound was simultaneous to raise its effect and a significant correlation between the antiradical activity and its reduction ability in the methanolic extract. The current results revealed the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Rabbab variety PPE and thus are recommended to apply in food industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - Determination of total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant capacity of persimmon skin
مرتضی Mohamadi زهرا Pourfallah A.H Elhami RadDue to the adverse side effects of synthetic antioxidants, the search for natural and safe antioxidants has become crucial. In this study, the total phenolic compound contents and antioxidants activity of persimmon skin was investigated. The extraction was carried out b MoreDue to the adverse side effects of synthetic antioxidants, the search for natural and safe antioxidants has become crucial. In this study, the total phenolic compound contents and antioxidants activity of persimmon skin was investigated. The extraction was carried out by means of maceration method using ethanol and methanol solvents with ratio of 1 part persimmon skin to 5 parts of solvents. Afterwards, the total phenolic compounds and antioxidants activity was measured. According to the results, ethanolic and methanolic extracts contained 255.6 and 214.15 mg gallic acid per 100 g of persimmon skin, respectively. Moreover, ethanolic extracts showed a higher activity for scavenging free radicals compared to methanolic extracts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Effect of ultrasound waves pretreatment on quantity and antioxidant capacity of extracted beta-carotene from carrot residue
رویا Seyedifar نارملا Asefi یحیی MaghsoudlouNowadays, the tendency towards the extraction of phytochemicals by ultrasound method has been increased. In this research, the effect of ultrasound waves pretreatment on extraction of beta-carotene from carrot residue was studied. Carrot residues were treated with ultra MoreNowadays, the tendency towards the extraction of phytochemicals by ultrasound method has been increased. In this research, the effect of ultrasound waves pretreatment on extraction of beta-carotene from carrot residue was studied. Carrot residues were treated with ultrasound waves with 205 W power, constant 35 KHz frequency during six stages of 0 (without ultrasound), 16, 20, 30, 40 and 44 min and at temperatures of 66, 70, 80, 90 and 94 ºC and using ethyl acetate as solvents. Then, the extract from each sample was evaluated considering the amount of total phenolic components as well as beta-carotene and antioxidant capacity of beta-carotene. According to the results, it was observed that, there was a significant difference (P<0.01) between samples in the case of beta-carotene amount with increasing of temperature and time. In order to achieve the highest extraction of carotene from carrot residues, the temperature of 90 ˚C and 40 minutes was determined as the best temperature and time. The results also revealed that at low temperatures the antioxidant capacity was higher. With increasing time of ultrasonic at low temperatures, the antioxidant capacity was enhanced. Moreover, the temperature of 70 ˚C and 40 min was determined as the optimum condition to achieve the highest antioxidant capacity of carrot residues. The result showed that the total phenolic compounds are greater at low temperature compared with high temperature. Besides, at all selected temperatures, with the increasing of ultrasonic duration the amount of total phenolics increased. Most phenols obtained at 66˚C for 40 min of ultrasonic treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - Antioxidant and antibacterial effects of laurus nobilis aqueous extract again Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
B. Azimzadeh M. Jahadi M. FazelSome medical plants which are rich in phenolic compounds (flavnoieds, tannis and anthocyanin) have drawn increasing attention as the most important naturanal antioxidant source by many developed countries. Laurus nobilis is one of the medical plants that grows in variou MoreSome medical plants which are rich in phenolic compounds (flavnoieds, tannis and anthocyanin) have drawn increasing attention as the most important naturanal antioxidant source by many developed countries. Laurus nobilis is one of the medical plants that grows in various regions of Iran. This plants is known to have many benefits and medical properties such as diuretics and mosaics. Also, this plant is used in treatment of gastrointestinal problems, especialy and it is effectieve in elimination of stomach gas. In this experiment, we studied antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Laurus nobilis plant. To this purpose, the efficiency of aqueous solvent extract, phenolic compounds, DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing power and ABTS free radical scavenging were examined. Antibacterial characteristics of aqueous extract was evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichiacoli. The result shows that the aqueous extract of Lauros nobilis has 14/8% extraction efficiency with high rate of phenolic (99/9±9/95) and the lowest IC50 in DPPH test (2/813) and the high rate of ferric reducing power (22/15±2/10) and ABTS free radical scavenging (22/87±2/03). The result of antibacterial test also indicates that aqueous extract has high antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus (18±0) and E. Coli (18±0) mm.These facts show high antioxidant and antibacterial activity of laurel’s extract. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - Effect of vitamin E in prevention of lipopolysaccharide induced fetal injuries in the rat
hosein mohammadzadeh masoud delashoub mansoor khakpoorLipopolysaccharides (LPS) are one of the most important factors in the formation of embryonic damages. These damages include intra-uterine growth retardation, intra-uterine fetal death, embryonic absorption and preterm birth and are associated with oxidative stress caus MoreLipopolysaccharides (LPS) are one of the most important factors in the formation of embryonic damages. These damages include intra-uterine growth retardation, intra-uterine fetal death, embryonic absorption and preterm birth and are associated with oxidative stress caused by lipopolysaccharides. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of vitamin E on lipopolysaccharide induced fetal damages in the rat. In this study, 48 pregnant rats were selected and allocated to 4 groups. In groups 1 and 2, 75 µgr/kg of lipopolysaccharides were injected intraperitoneally on day 15 to 17 of pregnancy. A week before administration of lipopolysaccharides to rats of groups 2 and 3, they received 20 mg/kg of intramuscular vitamin E daily. Group 4 received normal saline intraperitoneally as a control group. In day 18 of pregnancy all mice were euthanized. In each animal, the number of live and dead embryos were counted. Then the live fetuses were weighed and the length of crown–rump, metacarpus, metatarsus, anterior phalanges, posterior phalanges and sternum were determined. In addition, the amounts of malondialdehyde and glutathione were measured in maternal and embryonic liver and placenta. Administration of lipopolysaccharides significantly increased fetal mortality and reduced fetal weight, length of the tail and crown–rump, live embryos and skeletal ossification of the metacarpus, metatarsus, anterior and posterior phalanges and sternum. Results showed that simultaneous administration of vitamin E and lipopolysaccharides reduced damages and improved respective injuries in mice embryos. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - The effects of active and inactivate Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their combination on performance, antioxidant levels and lipid peroxidation index in the blood of Japanese quail
حسین نیک پیران حامد منافی توحید وحدت پورConsidering that various effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotic on production and growth of broiler chicks has been reported previously, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics and prebiotics and their mixture, on performance, antiox MoreConsidering that various effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotic on production and growth of broiler chicks has been reported previously, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics and prebiotics and their mixture, on performance, antioxidant levels and lipid peroxidation index in the blood of Japanese quails. Thus, 192 day- old- Japanese quails were distributed randomly to 4 groups with 4 replicates of 12 male and female and evaluated for 42 days. The control group only received basal diet, but in the 2nd group (probiotic group) active saccharomyces cerevisiae 1 gr/Kg of feed, in the 3rd group (prebiotic group) inactivated saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.5 gr/Kg-feed of feed, and in the 4th group (synbiotic group) 0.5 gr/Kg saccharomyces cerevisiae and 250 mg/Kg-feed inactivated saccharomyces cerevisiae was added to the basal diet. Results indicated that mean serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was statistically different among males of different groups (p<0.05). Also the highest and lowest MDA levels were observed in the 4th and 3rd groups respectively with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plasma was not different statistically in the studied groups. On the other hand, mean feed consumption and body weight in the 2nd and 3rd groups was increased in comparison to control group and FCR was decreased significantly in comparison to control and synbiotic group. The best carcass efficiency was observed in the prebiotic group. The results showed that the employed probiotics and prebiotics were only effective in performance of Japanese quails, but did not have a specific effect on serum-MDA and plasma-TCA levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - The role of vitamin A in preventing fetal injuries caused by injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in the rat
Aref Delkhosh Masoud Delashoub Mansoor KhakpourLipopolysaccharides (LPS) induce adverse fetal development including intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), embryonic resorption and preterm delivery which are all related to LPS-induced oxidative stress. This study aimed to inves MoreLipopolysaccharides (LPS) induce adverse fetal development including intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), embryonic resorption and preterm delivery which are all related to LPS-induced oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the protective role of vitamin A against LPS induced fetal defects in the rat. In this study, 48 pregnant female rats were divided into 4 groups. On days 15 to 17 of pregnancy, 75 mg/kg of E. coli LPS was injected intraperitoneally in groups 1 and 2 the second and third groups received 100 mg/kg of vitamin A intramuscularly a week before injection of LPS. The fourth group was the control group and placebo was injected to simulate injection stress. On the 18th day, all rats were euthanized. The number of live and dead fetuses and resorption sites was counted. Live fetuses in each litter were weighed, crown-rump and tail lengths measured and skeletal development was evaluated. In addition, maternal liver, placenta, and fetal liver samples were excised for measurement of MDA and GSH contents. The results showed that administration of LPS significantly increased fetal mortality, decreased fetal weight and crown-rump and tail lengths of live fetuses and retarded skeletal ossification in caudal vertebrae, anterior and posterior phalanges and supraoccipital bone. Our study showed that co-treatment of vitamin A and LPS could decrease LPS induced defects and improve injuries indicating the preventive effects of vitamin A against LPS induced injuries during fetal development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - Study of the effect of use one dose crack on serum antioxidant enzymes in Rat
Neda Jalili Tabrizi Bahram Amouoghli TabriziIntroduction: Nowadays one of the problems of countries around the world, is the use of drugs, including Crack. Crack, sometimes called rock, is a stimulant derived from cocaine treatment, but in Iran, it is derived from heroin derivatives, and consumption of this type MoreIntroduction: Nowadays one of the problems of countries around the world, is the use of drugs, including Crack. Crack, sometimes called rock, is a stimulant derived from cocaine treatment, but in Iran, it is derived from heroin derivatives, and consumption of this type of drug can add up to 3-times. Crack users are at an increased risk of both physical and mental illness and social harm. There is also evidence that they present more psychiatric problems than the general population, in addition to the fact that Crack use and mental disorders are mutually aggravated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single dose of Crack for the antioxidant system of swelling in Rats.Material and Methods: Thirty Wistar Rats were selected with a mean weight of 25 ±250 and kept in 5 groups of 6 in a glass aquarium with 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness and the same nutritional conditions and free access to water. After acclimation to the Crack medium at a dose of 7.8 mg/kg, it was injected intraperitoneally (IP) in 4 treatment groups. In the control group, only physiological serum was used. The first group received 3 hours, the second group 6 hours, the third group 24 hours and the fourth group 1 week after the injection of the tail vein after anesthesia. In the control group, blood samples were taken on the first day. One sample was used anticoagulant. Then activity of Blood’s Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase and Super-Oxide Dismutase were measured.Results and Discussion: Crack is first metabolized in the liver. 1% of it is excreted unchanged in the urine. Metabolization is the design of the hydrolytic ester, and the most important metabolites derived from the metabolism of Benzoylecgonine (BE) and other metabolites are: Ecgonine and (EME) Ecgonine Methyl Ester cocaine and its derivatives are clavulanates and its derivatives. Depending on how it is used, it has a degree of purity and dose. Its stimulatory effects include increased activity, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and palatability. Other complications include coronary artery spasm, cardiac arrest, bronchospasm, systemic and pulmonary eosinophilic fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing and gingivitis. This drug (Crack-Cocaine) binds to the effective transporter site of amines (serotonin-dopamine-adrenaline light) and prevents their reabsorption into presynaptic neurons. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the brain that induces pleasurable drug behaviors. In other words, the increase in dopamine in the brain will have pleasurable effects.One of the important effects of increased dopamine after drug use especially crack and cocaine is the creation of oxidative conditions. In other words, there is an increase in free radicals after drug use. An increase in this neurotoxicity in the nervous system, and especially in the synaptic cleft, results in an increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Free radicals are atoms or molecules that are highly reactive due to the unpaired electrons in the body, causing severe damage to macromolecules including fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. These substances are cytotoxic, so they can be electronically macromolecules and cause irritation in the cells in order to reach stability. The body has an antioxidant system that can counteract these damaging agents called antioxidants, which can prevent damage by affecting oxidants and neutralizing its electrons. These include vitamins E, C, A, as well as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, etc.Free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydroxide radical, are metals such as iron and copper. Oxygen-free radicals are referred to as Reactive oxygen species (ROS).The reason for the increase in free radicals during drug use, especially crack and cocaine, maybe due to increased levels of neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, which increase the reactive oxygen species. Super-Oxide Dismutase and Catalase have important roles in the protection of lipid peroxidation. Super-Oxide Dismutase has antioxidant role and Catalase plays an important role in detoxification of high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, which is mainly in erythrocytes.Conclusion: The results showed that the number of antioxidants decreased significantly at 6 and 24 hours after injection (p < /p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - A survey on hemogram, osmotic fragility and antioxidant enzyme changes of erythrocytes in dogs treated with Garlic
Bahman Mosallanejad Misagh Jalali Mohammad Razi Jalali Shahrzad AlipoorGarlic is a medicinal herbwith antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic and antidiabetic properties which is extensively used in the treatment of diseases. The purpose of the present study was to assess probable hematologic alterations and the activity of some erythrocyte antio MoreGarlic is a medicinal herbwith antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic and antidiabetic properties which is extensively used in the treatment of diseases. The purpose of the present study was to assess probable hematologic alterations and the activity of some erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes following garlic administration in dogs. In this study, ten male dogs were treated with garlic tablet with a dosage of 100 mg/kg, once daily for 45 days. Blood samples were collected three times on days zero, 45 and 60 of the experiment. Complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte morphology, reticulocyte count, Heinz body and erythrocyte osmotic fragility test were performed. The activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes including SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GPX (glutathione peroxidase) were also assessed. Garlic administration in dogs caused a significant reduction in erythrocyte count, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration on day 60 compared to day zero (p < /em><0.05). In addition, a significant decrease was observed in mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) on days 45 and 60 and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) on day 60 (p < /em><0.05). Osmotic fragility assessment of RBC’s indicated that the percentage of hemolysis was significantly decreased in 0.55%, 0.50%, 0.45% and 0.40% salt concentrations (p < /em><0.05). Moreover, a significant increase was observed in the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes, SOD and GPX on day 60 (p < /em><0.05). The present study showed that garlic tablet administration with the dosages used in the present study, did not induce considerable destructive effects on erythrocytes while improving antioxidant defense system and osmotic tolerance of red blood cells. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - The effect of adding aqueous extract of Garlic onion to milk on the plasma oxidant-antioxidant balance in suckling 7-day-old goat kids
Mostafa Abdollahi Ashkan Jebelli JavanThe ruminant infant is susceptible to neonatal infections due to the immature immune system. Antioxidants can enhance the function of the immune system cells. Garlic is an antioxidant that has been proposed as a prophylactic antibiotic in ruminant infants. The aim of th MoreThe ruminant infant is susceptible to neonatal infections due to the immature immune system. Antioxidants can enhance the function of the immune system cells. Garlic is an antioxidant that has been proposed as a prophylactic antibiotic in ruminant infants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of adding aqueous extract of garlic to milk on the plasma oxidant-antioxidant balance in neonatal goat kids. This study was performed on 30 male and female suckling 7-day-old neonatal goat kids of mixed breed (mean weight 3 kg). The goat kids were divided into 3 equal groups. Each group received one of the following three oral treatments (inclusive 30 ml of saline, 400 IU of vitamin E, 83 mg / kg of aqueous extract of garlic) at every 3 milk meals per 24 hours. At 0 min and 1, 2/5, 5, 12, 18, and 24 hours after the beginning of the first treatment, blood samples were taken and the plasma was discarded and the total antioxidant and total oxidation capacity of the plasma and its oxidative stress index were determined. Compared to negative control, treatment with vitamin E caused a significant tendency of the oxidant-antioxidant balance of the plasma towards the antioxidant (p < /p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Experimental evaluation of Folic acid effect on Corneal burn ulcer healing in new Zealand white rabbit
Amirhossein Mahlojiyan alireza jahandideh Ahmad Asghari pezhman mortezaviBackground and Purpose: Corneal ulcer is one of the most common eye diseases, which can be caused by trauma, chemical agents, and some bacteria, viruses, and chlamydia. Treatment of corneal ulcer has been always a concern in ophthalmology. This concern is due to the maj MoreBackground and Purpose: Corneal ulcer is one of the most common eye diseases, which can be caused by trauma, chemical agents, and some bacteria, viruses, and chlamydia. Treatment of corneal ulcer has been always a concern in ophthalmology. This concern is due to the major role of cornea in providing and preserving normal vision. Alkali-induced corneal ulcer creates an intense inflammatory reaction to traumatic injuries and this intense inflammation can inhibit the natural epithelial growth and cause fibrosis or scar on cornea.Cornea is an organ in the eye that creates a smooth and clear surface and so, it provides the possibility of light regularly passing through the eye. Any injury of this layer eliminates its transparency and protective capacity. Cornea has few cells and no vessels. Various bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal agents can cause severe infections in cornea. After the occurrence of corneal injury, the cells surrounding the injured area including epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells try to improve the injury by cell division and calling the immune system cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes; as a result of this process, the injured area becomes inflamed and edematous. In most cases, due to basic membrane decay and leakage of proteinase, epithelial cells will not be able to provide the connections required for retrieving the layers. So, the distance between epithelial cells increase and the bond between them become weak. As a result of corneal ulcer, increased activity of destructive proteinases and decreased activity of proteases leads to rapid detachment of collagen and other extracellular components of corneal matrix. Significant increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased oxidative condition, and decreased components of antioxidant system occur following corneal injury. In histological studies, various cells of immune system including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages are found in cornea. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased oxidative stress, and decreased components of antioxidant system are observed in pathologic conditions and in the case of corneal injury. Various studies have reported the role of antioxidants in prevention and treatment of corneal ulcer. The recent studies have indicated that folic acid restores decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. also, its improving effect is due to inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Materials and Methods: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of folic acid on corneal burn ulcer healing in 20 adult New Zealand white rabbits in similar weight and age range. The pure folic acid powder needed for this study was purchased from Sigma-USA Co. After general anesthesia, corneal ulcer was induced in the left eye of all rabbits and immediately fluoresce in staining was done to ensure that all of the ulcers were identical in size (6 mm). The rabbits were then divided into four equal groups including three experimental groups and a control group. After the surgery, the experimental groups (first to third groups) were gavaged with 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight folic acid every day for 21 days. Histopathology At the end of the third week, the animals were anesthetized and the eye balls were harvested. After the eyeballs were isolated, the specimens were placed in 10% formalin. After the specimens were fixed in the laboratory, the corneal ulcer was isolated from eyeball. After preparation, the paraffin block sections of 4 microns were prepared and stained using Masson's trichrome staining method. In histopathological grading, the indices affecting wound healing, including angiogenesis, the absence of epithelial layers, corneal edema (stromal edema), irregularities in collagen filaments, and presence or absence of inflammatory cells were investigated. Results and conclusion: The histopathological studies showed that vascularization, inflammation, and corneal matrix edema were significantly reduced, but the epithelium of cornea was increased in folic acid treated rabbits compared to control group (p < /p> Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - The effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant properties of healthy and coccidia-challenged broiler chicks
ّfatemeh Izadi ghoulam Ali moghaddam Ahmad Nematollahi monireh khordad mehr Mahdi Abbasabadi Hadi GhanbarzadehCocidiosis causes annual economic losses in industrial poultry farms and nutritional strategies can alleviate these losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant proper MoreCocidiosis causes annual economic losses in industrial poultry farms and nutritional strategies can alleviate these losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant properties of healthy and Eimeria-challenged broiler chicks. Experimental treatments included healthy and challenged broiler chicks fed with 85, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommended arginine. To conduct bacterial culture, samples were collected aseptically from cecum during slaughter (on days 21 and 42). The levels of antioxidant and oxidant factors and nitric oxide were also assessed in the serum of broiler chicks. The chicks which had received 125 and 150% of arginine showed lower E. coli population and higher population of lactobacillus, total bacteria, bifidiobacteria and pH in the cecum (p < /em><0.05), but entrococous population was not influenced (p < /em>>0.05). Eimeria challenge decreased the level of glutathione peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity and increased the levels of malondialdehyde (p < /em><0.05), but inclusion of arginine in the levels of 125 and 150% only increased the level of glutathione peroxidase (p < /em><0.05), and did not have any effect on other parameters (p < /em><0.05). In summary, consumption of arginine in higher levels (125 and 150%) decreased the pathogenic population and increased the beneficial bacteria and the level of glutathione peroxidase in Eimeria-challenged broiler chicks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - Protective and antioxidant effects of silymarin in sheep with fasciolosis treated by clorsulon
Mehrzad Aflatooni negar panahi Pejman Mortazavi Bahar Shemshadi Shapoor KakoolakiFasciolosis is a parasitic disease that causes economic losses. ‎In the present study, the protective effects of silymarin alone and in ‎combination with clorsulon were investigated in sheep naturally infected with ‎Fasciola hepatica. For this purpose, 40 Sa MoreFasciolosis is a parasitic disease that causes economic losses. ‎In the present study, the protective effects of silymarin alone and in ‎combination with clorsulon were investigated in sheep naturally infected with ‎Fasciola hepatica. For this purpose, 40 Sangsari breed sheep ‎were used, which were divided into five groups, including 1- healthy sheep without treatment 2- ‎fasciolosis affected sheep without treatment 3- fasciolosis affected sheep treated with silymarin 4- fasciolosis affected sheep treated with ‎Clorsulon, and 5- fasciolosis affected sheep treated with silymarin ‎and clorsulon. Biochemical parameters including triglyceride, total bilirubin, total protein, cholesterol, and albumin, were ‎measured. The serum level of malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and ‎hematological parameters were determined and compared among groups. Additionally, histopathological changes ‎were ‎‎‎investigated using light microscopy. Biochemical analysis showed significant ‎improvement in bilirubin levels, total protein, cholesterol, and albumin in sheep treated with silymarin ‎and clorsulon (p<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity increased in group treated with silymarin (p<0.05) compared to group 2, and the amount of oxidative stress decreased (p<0.01). Silymarin also improved hematologic factors and prevented a decrease in red blood cells (p<0.05).‎ Liver inflammation, ‎fibrosis, necrosis, and hyperplasia of the ‎bile ‎duct decreased significantly with the silymarin and ‎clorsulon group compared to the other groups ‎‎(p<0.0001). These findings ‎showed that using ‎silymarin in combination with clorsulon ‎improved their ‎therapeutic effects in treatment of ovine fasciolosis through enhancement of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - Evaluation of changes in blood antioxidants in dogs with parvovirus infection
arghavan zarandi Bahram Amouoghli Tabrizi siamak mashhahirafeiCanine parvovirus (CPV-1) is a highly contagious viral disease in dogs that usually causes acute gastrointestinal disease in puppies. The disease is more common in dogs aged 6 weeks to 6 months. Antioxidants are compounds that prevent oxidation. Oxidation is a chemical MoreCanine parvovirus (CPV-1) is a highly contagious viral disease in dogs that usually causes acute gastrointestinal disease in puppies. The disease is more common in dogs aged 6 weeks to 6 months. Antioxidants are compounds that prevent oxidation. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals, thus leading to chain reactions that may damage the cells of living organisms. Antioxidants such as thiol or ascorbic acid (vitamin C) interrupt these chain reactions. Due to the prevalence of parvovirus in dogs and little research on the effect of antioxidants in controlling or exacerbating the disease, this study was performed to determine the effect of antioxidants in the treatment of this disease. In this study, blood samples were taken from 50 dogs, including 25 dogs with parvovirus disease and 25 healthy dogs with the disease, followed by catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity. Rendox kit spectrophotometry was measured. Statistical results to t-test method and SPSS software version 23 were analyzed. The results showed that the enzymes of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity in the treatment group compared to the control group had a statistically significant decrease and the amount of malondialdehyde increased statistically (P <0.05). The results show that dogs with parvovirus infection are affected by the antioxidant system, so it should be considered in treatment and prevention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Assessment of oxidative stress indexes and BCS in clinical mastitis cows in comparison with healthy cows
Maryam Karimi Dehkordi Seyedeh Ommolbanin GhasemianMastitis, as one of the most important diseases in cattle, is the cause of the greatest economic loss in the dairy industry. The occurrence of mastitis is associated with the development of immune responses and an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MoreMastitis, as one of the most important diseases in cattle, is the cause of the greatest economic loss in the dairy industry. The occurrence of mastitis is associated with the development of immune responses and an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The production of high amounts of ROS and the lack of optimal amounts of antioxidant compounds are associated with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of oxidative stress indices in cows with clinical mastitis. In this study, two groups of cows were studied: healthy cows and cows with clinical mastitis. The body condition score (BCS) of the cows was assessed at the time of blood sampling.Total antioxidant capacity and selenium concentration were significantly higher in healthy cows than sick cows. Healthy cows had lower malondialdehyde concentrations than sick cows, although this difference was not statistically significant. When the cows were divided into three groups according to body score, the amount of glutathione peroxidase in cows with high body scores was significantly lower than the other two groups. The amount of malondialdehyde and the number of milk somatic cells in cows with high and moderate body scores were significantly higher than the other group.The results show that there are changes in the antioxidant defense of cows with mastitis that lead to oxidative damage, so the use of antioxidants is necessary to control mastitis. Obese cows are also more sensitive to oxidative stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Effect of magnesium sulfate on letrozole-induced oxidative stress in ovarian tissue of adult female Wistar rats
Zahra Aslahnezhad Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Shahrbanoo OryanBackground and Purpose: Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation and the second most abundant intracellular cation in the human body. Magnesium is involved in many essential physiological functions. It is a co-factor for over 300 enzymatic reactions, many of which i MoreBackground and Purpose: Magnesium is the fourth most abundant cation and the second most abundant intracellular cation in the human body. Magnesium is involved in many essential physiological functions. It is a co-factor for over 300 enzymatic reactions, many of which involve generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), it regulates transmembrane transport of other ions, including calcium and potassium, and stabilizes secondary structures of DNA and RNA. Consequently, magnesium is essential for muscle contraction and relaxation, cardiac rhythm, vascular tone, neurological function, and cell proliferation. Magnesium is required for cell proliferation, cellular energy production, mineral metabolism, bone development, and glucose homeostasis. Nutrition surveys in North America indicate that magnesium consumption is below recommended intakes for a large segment of the population. Furthermore, diseases such as type 2 diabetes and use of certain medications can increase magnesium loss and predispose individuals to magnesium deficiency. The low magnesium intakes in comparison to current recommendations combined with the high prevalence of factors that can increase magnesium requirements raise a concern about widespread Mg deficiency. Biochemical data lend further support. Hypomagnesemia exists in the general population and the incidence is high in certain subpopulations. Since magnesium is required for many enzymatic reactions, Magnesium deficiency can presumably affect numerous physiological processes. Some studies have reported changes in body composition with dietary magnesium restriction. In rats, maternal and postnatal feeding of a magnesium-deficient diet decreased body weight, lean body mass, and fat-free mass and increased percentage body fat in the offspring. In contrast, body weight, fat mass, and lean mass were similar in rats fed a high-fat diet containing normal or low magnesium beginning after weaning. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinological disorder in reproductive-age women and is often associated with metabolic syndrome. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress and low degrees of chronic inflammation play an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in premenopausal women. PCOS is a common and multifactorial disease that affects approximately 4-18% of all reproductive-aged women in the world. In the clinic, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance appear to be the major etiological drivers for reproductive and metabolic abnormalities in women with PCOS. While it is believed that anovulation is the main reason for infertility in PCOS patients, accumulating evidence from clinical studies also indicates that the impairment of endometrial function likely causes recurrent pregnancy loss, premature delivery, endometrial hyperplasia, and carcinoma in women with PCOS. Additionally, several lines of evidence suggest that the systemic low-grade inflammation that often coincides with PCOS compromises multiple aspects of fertility. A deficiency in the activity of aromatase was one reasonable intraovarian disturbance in steroidogenesis thought to cause PCOS. Because aromatase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of oestrogens from androgens, a decrease in the activity of this enzyme could be expected to result in increased ovarian androgen production and development of PCOS. The purpose of this study, the effect of magnesium sulfate on letrozole-induced oxidative stress was investigated in ovarian tissue of adult female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 36 female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 6: The normal control group (intact), the healthy experimental group (magnesium sulfate 100 mg/kg body weight, gavage), ovarian damage control group (letrozole 1 mg/kg body weight, gavage), ovarian damage experimental group (magnesium sulfate 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight together letrozole). The animals were euthanized 24 h after the last dose of the treatment on day 31. Ovaries were immediately obtained after the animals were sacrificed. The ovaries were homogenized and centrifuged. The supernatant was used to assay the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in ovarian tissue were investigated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. The criterion was significant (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Effect of green tea extract (Camellia sinensis) on polycystic ovary syndrome induced by letrozole in adult female Wistar rats
Seyed Iman Khodarahmi Pejman Mortazavi Akram EidiGreen tea (Camellia sinensis), has always been a focus of interest in traditional medicine for its biochemical and medicinal properties as an antioxidant agent. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy among women of reproductive age. In the present s MoreGreen tea (Camellia sinensis), has always been a focus of interest in traditional medicine for its biochemical and medicinal properties as an antioxidant agent. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy among women of reproductive age. In the present study, the effects of green tea extract on letrozole-induced PCOS were evaluated. Forty eight adult female Wistar rats were assigned to eight groups in random: healthy control group (no treatment), PCOS control group (letrozole at 1 mg/kg by gavage), three healthy experimental groups (green tea extract at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight by gavage), and three experimental PCOS groups (green tea extract at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight + letrozole at 1 mg/kg by gavage). On the 28th day (at the end of the experiment), the rats were euthanized, and the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and lipid peroxidation were assessed in the ovarian tissue homogenates. The results indicated that the green tea extract significantly increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation (p<0.001). Our results showed that the green tea extract was also effective in treating letrozole-induced PCOS in the rats by increasing the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Comparative effect of different concentrations of hydro-ethanolic extract of chamomile on freeze-thawn semen quality of rams
hossein daghighkia فاطمه Sadeghi Sadegh Abad مرضیه Ebrahimi فرهاد SamadianOxidative stress during freeze-thawing process causes reduction in motility, viability, membrane functions and finally sperm fertility. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Chamomile extract as natural antioxidant on quality of cryopreserved ram sperm. I MoreOxidative stress during freeze-thawing process causes reduction in motility, viability, membrane functions and finally sperm fertility. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Chamomile extract as natural antioxidant on quality of cryopreserved ram sperm. In this study semen was collected from five mature rams twice a week using an artificial vagina and the ejaculates were pooled equally in order to eliminate the individual effects. Different levels of extract of Chamomile (0, 50, 66.66, 100 and 200 ml/dl of diluent solution) were added to diluent based tris-egg yolk. After cooling, filling and sealing of the samples, they were frozen with nitrogen vapor and immersed in liquid nitrogen and were stored until evaluation time. After thawing, results showed that addition of 66.66 ml/dl of extract increased total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, straight–line velocity, linearity, viability and plasma membrane integrity of sperm compared to the control and other treatment groups (p<0.05). Also addition of 200 ml/dl extract had significant negative effects on motility parameters, viability and plasma membrane integrity of sperm (p<0.05). Inclusion of different doses of Chamomile extract caused no significant reduction on malondialdehyde concentration in comparison to control but this reduction was significant at 66.66 ml/dl in comparison to 100 and 200 ml/dl of extract. Conflict of interest: None declared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized through chemical reduction on plasma superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in rat model
elham ghavidelaghdam mohamad narimanirad alireza lotfiAbstract With possibility of synthesis of silver nanoparticles in citrate-coated form and via chemical method, the aim of this study was synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method and investigation of the impact of nanoparticles on super MoreAbstract With possibility of synthesis of silver nanoparticles in citrate-coated form and via chemical method, the aim of this study was synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method and investigation of the impact of nanoparticles on superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes in an animal model. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction with a mixture of distilled water and sodium borohydrate and adding silver nitrate and sodium citrate to the obtained solution. In vivo study was conducted using 40 adult male rats with an average weight of 100 grams. Animals were divided into four groups, as control, placebo, and treatment groups receiving silver nanoparticle solutions (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively). The treatment groups received silver nanoparticle solutions (100 and 200 mg/kg) on the first and the seventh days of experiment intraperitoneally. Oxidative effects of injected high concentrations of silver nanoparticles (200 mg/kg) lead to mortality in the experimental animals. Infusion of silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight decreased the activity of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This reduction was significantly higher (p<0.01) at the dose of 200 mg/kg. In conclusion, studies on animal models showed that the concentrations of 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight of silver nanoparticles synthesized by chemical reduction method decreases the activity of antioxidant enzymes, eventually leading to mortality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - The effects of aqueous extract of white tea on serum antioxidant enzymes in rats exposed to arsenic
mohammadhassan rasoulifard felor zargariOxidative stress is a condition is which the biological system's ability to detoxify and eliminate harmful effects of free radicals is not sufficient and oxidative damages to cells or tissues leads to the development of diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis an MoreOxidative stress is a condition is which the biological system's ability to detoxify and eliminate harmful effects of free radicals is not sufficient and oxidative damages to cells or tissues leads to the development of diseases such as cancer, arteriosclerosis and degenerative changes. Phenolic compounds due to their high antioxidant capacity, have an important role in health and increase the antioxidant defense against oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of white tea on status of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx), MDA (malondialdehyde) and TAC (total antioxidant capacity) in rats treated with sodium arsenite. In this study, 32 adult male rats weighing 200-250 g were used in four groups of eight. The first group included healthy normal rats (control group), the second group of rats were treated with sodium arsenite (100 ppm in drinking water) the third group of rats were treated with aqueous extract of white tea at a concentration of 1/5%, via gavage, the fourth group of rats were treated with aqueous extract of white tea (1/5%) via gavage with sodium arsenite (100 ppm in drinking water). The rats were killed at the end of the 28th day of treatment and blood samples were collected and the antioxidant enzymes of CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and MDA and TAC were measured. The results indicate that the aqueous extract of white tea significantly increased the activities of SOD, GPx, CAT and TAC and decreased MDA concentration (p<0.05). The results showed consummation of white tea decreased the oxidative stress of arsenic by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and potentiation of antioxidant defense system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - Effects of nutritional supplement of ginger root on antioxidant status in sheep
majid fartashvand yaghuob hajisadeghi Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a medicinal plant and pungent food spice, which has antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ginger on antioxidant status of blood in healthy sheep. In this study, dried ginger root powd More Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a medicinal plant and pungent food spice, which has antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ginger on antioxidant status of blood in healthy sheep. In this study, dried ginger root powder was added to the ration of 10 male yearling sheep (treatment group), at the rate of 1g/head/day for a period of 2 months. In the second group (n = 10 sheep), a single dose of vitamin E+selenium injection was administered intramuscularly (positive control group) and the control group (n=10 sheep) received no medication or special additives. Blood samples were collected regularly at 2 week intervals and enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant levels were measured. Ginger increased total antioxidant capacity of serum and blood levels of SOD, GPX and CAT, which was significant compared to the control group (p<0.05). At the end of the experiment, blood levels of SOD and GPX in ginger group were significantly less than the positive control (vitamin E+selenium) group. However, serum total antioxidant capacity of ginger medicated sheep was significantly higher than the positive control group (p<0.05). Blood catalase level was not significantly different between treatment and positive control groups. Our results showed that the addition of powdered ginger root to sheep diet could increase the blood antioxidant capacity. However, further investigations are needed to determine the optimal dose of ginger. Overall, this study suggests that ginger can be used as a dietary supplement to boost the antioxidant capacity of sheep. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - Effect of olive leaf alcoholic extract on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in adult male rats
mohammadreza nasirzade miralireza Nourazar leila Roshangar Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is present at various degrees in kidney transplants. Several studies suggest that renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) can induce acute kidney injury. Liver diseases and neurological disorders related to kidney injury is a commo More Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is present at various degrees in kidney transplants. Several studies suggest that renal ischemia reperfusion (RIR) can induce acute kidney injury. Liver diseases and neurological disorders related to kidney injury is a common clinical problem. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds. They have better antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging. In this study 50 male rats were allocated randomly into 5 groups: control (intact animals), group-1(I/R 60min+olive leaf extract), group-2 (I/R 60min), group-3(I/R 120min+olive leaf extract)and group-4(I/R 120min).The animals received 100 mg/kg olive leaf extract in0.5 ml drinking water using gavage for 28 days. Other animals received 0.5 ml normal saline by gavages. At the end of the treatment, the level of antioxidant enzymes including TAC, MDA, SOD and GPX were determined in renal tissue. Administration of olive leaf extract can significantly increase activity of TAC, GPX and SOD in group1and 3compared with group2and4. Also, MDA level in renal tissue of treated groups was significantly lower than ischemia-reperfusion groups (p<0.05). This study showed that olive leaf extract has protective effects against renal ischemic-reperfusion injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Antioxidant effect of pistachio peel extract and aerobic exercise on superoxide dismutase, catalase and malondialdehyde in the latissimus dorsi muscle of overweight Wistar rats
Mohsen Sahebi Mohamad ali Azarbayjani Maqsood PiriAim: The objective of this study was to detect the antioxidant effect of pistachio green hull extract and aerobic exercise on superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde in the external vastus muscle of overweight Wistar rats.Method: This study is in the categor MoreAim: The objective of this study was to detect the antioxidant effect of pistachio green hull extract and aerobic exercise on superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde in the external vastus muscle of overweight Wistar rats.Method: This study is in the category of interventional studies and is included in the category of experimental studies. In this study, 30 Wistar (female) rats with an age range of 12-13 weeks and a weight range of 180 to 200 grams were present. The samples are in 5 groups including: 1- control group (Con), obese control group (OB-Con), obese group and aerobic exercise (OB-AT), obese group and pistachio skin extract (OB-PGH), obese group and Pistachio green hull extract and aerobic exercise (OB-PGH-AT) were divided.Findings: Exercise had a significant effect on muscle dismutase superoxide concentration (F=10.61, P=0.004, ƞ=0.347). But receiving pistachio skin extract had no significant effect on muscle dismutase suboxide concentration (F=2.42, P=0.135, ƞ =0.108). The interaction between exercise and pistachio skin extract had no significant effect on muscle dismutase suboxide concentration (F=0.75, P=0.396, ƞ=0.036). Exercise had a significant effect on catalase concentration (F=160.98, P=0.001, ƞ=0.889). Taking pistachio skin extract also had a significant effect on muscle catalase concentration (F=5.04, P=0.036, ƞ=0.201). But the interaction between exercise and pistachio skin extract had no significant effect on muscle catalase concentration (F=1.84, P=0.190, ƞ=0.084). Exercise had a significant effect on muscle malondialdehyde concentration (F=57.66, P=0.001, ƞ=0.742). Taking pistachio skin extract also had a significant effect on muscle malondialdehyde concentration (F=80.29, P=0.001, ƞ=0.801). However, the interaction between exercise and pistachio skin extract had no significant effect on muscle malondialdehyde concentration (F=0.004, P=0.949, ƞ=0.001).Conclusion: In addition, adding PGH supplements to aerobic exercise can reduce oxidative damage and increase the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase. Induction of obesity increases inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in muscle. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - The Effect of Dried Barberry Root Supplementation on Muscular Pain and Serum Antioxidant Enzymes Following a Session of Eccentric Exhaustion Exercise in Non-athlete Women
Nematollah Nikmanesh hadi ghaediIntroduction: Antioxidant use can affect delayed muscle soreness, inflammation, and oxidative markers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dried barberry root supplementation on muscle pain and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) a MoreIntroduction: Antioxidant use can affect delayed muscle soreness, inflammation, and oxidative markers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dried barberry root supplementation on muscle pain and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) following a session of eccentric exhausting activity in non-athlete women. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, thirty non-athlete women aged 20 to 30 years were randomly divided into three groups of 10, including 1- eccentric exhaustion activity (control group), 2- eccentric exhaustion activity + placebo (placebo group) and 3- eccentric exhaustion activity + barberry supplement (Barberry group). On the pretest day, all three groups participated in an exhaustive eccentric activity. Blood samples were taken from the subjects before and after the activity. Then, the subjects participated in a group-specific supplementation program for 2 weeks. Groups 2 and 3 received dried barberry root and flour powder with a daily dose of 3 capsules of 250 mg respectively. After two weeks of receiving the interventions, all three groups again participated in the post-test similar to the pre-test in the eccentric exhausting physical activity with the same intensity and duration .Blood samples were taken again from the subjects before and after this activity To analyze the data, 2× 4 factor analysis of variance (2 groups and 4 times of measurement) including Bonferroni post- hoc test was used(P≥0.05). Findings: Eccentric exhausting activity and eccentric exhausting activity+barberry supplement had no significant effect on changes in serum levels of SOD and CAT (P≤0.05). Althougheccentric exhausting activity significantly increased serum GPX levels and muscle pain (P≤0.05); this increase was less in the barberry supplement group (P≥0.05). Conclusion: It seems that one session of eccentric exhausting activity can increase muscle soreness and serum GPX levels in non-athlete women. However, 14 days of barberry supplementation can reduce its levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - A Review of the Therapeutic Effects of Chamomile(Matricaria Chamomile) in Traditional and Modern Medicine
sepideh dolatiIntroduction: Research and study on the therapeutic effects of plants as well as on people's acceptance of these plants has been considered. Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomile) is one of the most widely used plants in traditional medicine. Chamomile is one of the medicinal MoreIntroduction: Research and study on the therapeutic effects of plants as well as on people's acceptance of these plants has been considered. Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomile) is one of the most widely used plants in traditional medicine. Chamomile is one of the medicinal plants for which various effects have been mentioned in traditional and modern medicine. In this article, studies on the therapeutic effects of Chamomile have been reviewed. Materials and methods: In this study, valid scientific articles, since 2000, on the pharmacological effects of Chamomile in Pubmed, ISI Web, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID and Magiran databaseshave been used, and Persian and English studies were intended in the search. Findings: In clinical and experimental studies, the therapeutic effects of this plant on the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, neuropsychiatry, menstrual problems, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antispasmodic, analgesic and anticancer properties and wound healing have been proven. Conclusion: Matricaria Chamomile is recognized worldwide as an important medicinal plant. The various uses of this plant in the treatment of diseases from ancient times and its use in the pharmaceutical industry are the reason for its noticeable worthiness and valuable benefits in the world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - The Effect of Eight Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training with Citrus Aurantium Extract Consumption on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Levels of Soleus Muscle in Elderly Rats
Maryam Kheirdeh Mehdi Noura Rasoul Jamali Fashi Abdolali RakhshanizadehAbstract Introduction: Aging is a biological process that causes muscle dysfunction and muscle atrophy by increasing oxidative stress. Although the role of exercise and some herbs in improving muscle metabolism has been identified, the effect of high intensity interval MoreAbstract Introduction: Aging is a biological process that causes muscle dysfunction and muscle atrophy by increasing oxidative stress. Although the role of exercise and some herbs in improving muscle metabolism has been identified, the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and Citrus aurantium (CA) consumption on oxidative stress in muscle tissue following aging is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of HIIT with CA consumption on glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein (PC) levels in the soleus muscle tissue of elderly rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 35 elderly rats with the age range of 14 to 18 months, and approximate weight of 270 to 320 g were randomly divided into (1) control (C), (2) sham (Sh), (3) HIIT, (4) CA and (5) HIIT+CA groups. Groups 3 and 5 performed HIIT for eight weeks, five sessions per week (at 85-110% VO2max and speed of 15-25 m/min). Also, groups 4 and 5 received 300 mg/kg/day Citrus aurantium extract peritoneally for eight weeks. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post- hoc test was performed in Graph Pad Prism 8.3.0 software (P≥0.05). Results: HIIT increased GPx and decreased PC (P≥0.05). CA consumption and HIIT and CA interaction increased GPx and decreased MDA and PC in the soleus muscle tissue of elderly rats (P≥ 0.05). Conclusion: It seems that HIIT and CA consumption separately and synergistically have a beneficial effect on reducing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant activity, however, further studies in this regard seem necessary. Keywords: Aging, Citrus Aurantium, Antioxidant, High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), Muscle, Oxidative Stress Extended Abstract Introduction Aging as a biological phenomenon causes muscle atrophy by decreasing mitochondrial function, increasing reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS), decreasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl protein (PC) (1). But regular exercise increases the expression of antioxidants in skeletal muscles by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and protein kinases. High and moderate intensity training also increase SOD, GPx and PC. Aerobic, anaerobic and combined training increase MDA, GPx, SOD, and glutathione reductase (GR) (3, 7, 8) as well. Also, consumption of medicinal plants such as Citrus aurantium (CA) increases mitochondrial biogenesisand sirtuin 1. It reduces inflammatory factors, and has favorable effects on the elderly rats (9, 11). Due to the unknown effect of HIIT and CA consumption on antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress in muscle tissue, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of HIIT and CA consumption on oxidative stress and antioxidant levels in the soleus muscle of elderly rats. Methods In this experimental study, 35 elderly rats with the age range of 14 to 18 months, and approximate weight of 270 to 320 g were randomly assigned to (1) control (C), (2) sham (Sh), (3) HIIT, (4) CA and (5) HIIT + CA groups. Groups 3 and 5 performed HIIT for eight weeks, five sessions per week (at 85-110% VO2max and speed of 25-25 m/min) (12). Also, groups 4 and 5 received 300 mg/kg/day Citrus aurantium extract peritoneally for eight weeks (13). 48 hours after the last training session and by using a combination of ketamine and xylazine, the rats were anesthetized and their soleus muscles were extracted by the laboratory experts. To measure MDA levels, MDA measuring kit made by ZellBio GmbH, Ulm, with a sensitivity of 0.1 micromolar was used, and PC surfaces were measured by spectrophotometry using PC measuring kit made by Kiazist Iran company with a sensitivity of nanomoles per milligram. Also, GPx levels were measured using Nagpix ™ Glutathione Peroxidase kit using BMG Labtech Ltd., Aylesbury, UK. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test was used to analyze the results. Data analysis and plotting of research charts were performed using Graph Pad Prism 8.3.0 software (P≥0.05). Results The mean and standard deviation of GPx, MDA and PC levels in the research groups are presented in Figures 1 to 3. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference in GPx (P=0.001), MDA (P=0.001) and PC (P=0.001) levels in the muscle tissue of elderly rats in the research groups. The results of Tukey’s post- hoc test showed that GPx levels in the C and Sh groups were not significantly different (P=0.57), but in the HIIT (P=0.001), CA (P=0.001) and HIIT + CA (P=0.001) groups were significantly higher than the C group. In the HIIT (P=0.001), CA (P=0.001) and HIIT + CA (P=0.001) groups, the levels were significantly higher than the Sh group. No significant difference was observed in the CA and HIIT groups (P=0.99), but in the HIIT+CA group, the levels were significantly higher than the HIIT (P=0.001) and CA (P=0.001) groups (Figure 1). MDA levels in the C and Sh groups were not significantly different (P=0.99), but in the CA (P=0.02) and HIIT+CA (P=0.001) groups, they were significantly lower than the C group; also in the CA (P=0.007) and HIIT+CA (P=0.001) groups, they were significantly lower than the Sh group. MDA levels in the HIIT+CA group were significantly lower than the HIIT (P=0.001) and CA (P=0.003) groups (Figure 2). PC levels in the C and Sh groups were not significantly different (P=0.23), however, in the HIIT (P=0.001), CA (P=0.001) and HIIT+CA (P=0.001) groups, they were significantly lower than the C and Sh groups. There was no significant difference between the CA (P=0.99) and HIIT+CA (P=0.91) groups compared to the HIIT group; Also, PC levels in the HIIT+CA group were not significantly different from the CA group (P=0.93) (Figure 3). Discussion The results showed that HIIT increased GPx and decreased PC levels in the soleus muscle of elderly rats. HIIT with the mechanism of instant response to oxidative stress (OS) induced by exercise modulates cell redox increases protein kinases, the expression of respiratory transcription proteins (NRF1/2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1), and modulates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). It also increases SOD and GPx expression and decreases PC and MDA (8, 14); Moreover, consumption of CA and HIIT + CA with the mechanism of increasing the expression of forkhead box O (FOXO) protein, activation of PI3K pathway, AKT1/2, IGF-1, increasing of PGC-1α, modulation of NRF1/2, NF-κB, increasing of protein synthesis and antioxidants enzymes in mitochondria and cytosol increases GPx and decreases MDA and PC in the soleus muscle tissue of elderly rats (9, 16). Conclusion It seems that HIIT and CA consumption separately and synergistically have a beneficial effect on reducing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant activity, however, further studies in this regard seem necessary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Effect of different concentrations of KNO3 on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress
Homa Zarei محمد صدقی Salim Farzaneh Haniyeh SaadatIn order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of KNO3 on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Arda MoreIn order to investigate the effect of different concentrations of KNO3 on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under salinity stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. Treatments included three salinity levels (0, 100 and 200 Mm) and three KNO3 levels (0, 1.5 and 3%). The results showed that the highest germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), germination uniformity (GU), radicle and plumule length (RL and PL) and radicle fresh and dry weight (RFW and RDW) was related to priming with KNO3 3% and without salinity. Mean of germination time (MGT) compared to the control showed a reduction about 53%. The activity of catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes in priming with KNO3 3% and 200 mM salinity compared to the control showed an increase about 56, 68 and 67%, respectively. Salinity decreased the activity of amylase, but priming with KNO3 increased the activity of this enzyme. The total seed protein content in KNO3 3% pretreatment and without salinity was increased about 63%. In general, priming with KNO3 3% solution can be considered as the best treatment to improve the physiological and biochemical properties of corn under salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - The effect of pretreatment with different concentrations of urea on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress
هما زارعی محمد صدقی سلیم فرزانه Haniyeh SaadatIn order to investigate Effect of different concentrations of urea on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili MoreIn order to investigate Effect of different concentrations of urea on physiological and biochemical properties of maize (Zea mays L.) under Salinity Stress a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. The investigated factors were different levels of salinity (zero, 100 and 200 mM) and different levels of urea solution (zero, 1.5 and 3%). The results showed that salinity stress decreased Germination Percentage (GP), Germination Rate (GR), Germination uniformity (GU), Radicle and Pedicel Length (RL and PL) and Radicle Fresh and Dry Weight (RFW and RDW), But priming with urea improved these traits. The highest Medium Germination Time (MGT) was related at 200 mM salinity and control (distilled water). The activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes increased with salinity intensification and the highest amount was observed at 200 mM salinity. Priming with 3% urea solution improved these enzymes. The superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in priming with 3% urea and 200 mM salinity compared to the control showed an increase about 61%. Amylase and protein in pretreatment with urea 3% and without salinity compared to the control showed an increase respectively about 73% and 70%. According to the observed results, seeds primed with 3% urea solution had the greatest effect on salinity stress in maize. According to the observed results, seeds primed with 3% urea solution had the greatest effect on salinity stress in maize. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Seed germination and phytochemical variations of two Iranian borage (Echium amuenum Fisch & C.A.Mey) under the influence of cultivation location
Manijeh Khorsandi Aghaii Azim Ghasemnezhad javad Mousavizade Esmaeil Babakhanzadeh sajiraniIranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried o MoreIranianborage (Echium amoenum) is one of the most important plants of Boragicaceae. In order to determine the most suitable method of overcoming seed dormancy of this plant, the present study was conducted in two different experiments. The first experiment was carried out using seeds collected from Mashhad and Javaherdeh based on a factorial study with three replications. Pretreatments were seed treatment at 4° C for 7, 14, and 21 consecutive days under refrigerated temperature, seed treatment with 500 ppm gibberellic acid for 24 hours, and seed treatment with 50% sulfuric acid for 10 minutes. The second experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in time and location in two years and two locations of Gorgan and Mashhad. The experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of climate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the flower. Results showed that Iranian borage seed has physiological dormancy since the maximum seed germination percentage was obtained by applying pre-cooling treatments in 7 days. Comparison of the two locations revealed more favorable flower yield and secondary metabolite accumulation (anthocyanin, antioxidant, phenol and flavonoid) in plants cultivated in Mashhad region. Therefore, due to the relative resistance of the plant to water deficit, the cultivation of this plant in Mashhad is suggested to be further evaluated. Also, pre-treatment of 7 days of moist chilling is also recommended to facilitate the germination uniformity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - The effect of bio-fertilizers and Nano-nitrogen on strawberry quality and quantity under different levels of nitrogen
Davood hashemabadi Mohammad hossain Namaki Farzin Saeeid zadeNitrogen is the most important element in plant growth and yield. There are several sources for supplying nitrogen needed by the plant, including the use of chemical fertilizers. But excessive use of chemical fertilizers in addition to contamination of water and soil ha MoreNitrogen is the most important element in plant growth and yield. There are several sources for supplying nitrogen needed by the plant, including the use of chemical fertilizers. But excessive use of chemical fertilizers in addition to contamination of water and soil has also caused health risks to the community. Therefore, optimizing the use of chemical fertilizers and replacing them with organic sources can be a step forward in increasing the health of the community. For this purpose, a field experiment with different levels of urea fertilizer and various nitrogen sources were carried out in a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications on strawberry in 2016 at Someh-Sara, Gilan, Iran. The experimental factors included urea (0, 75 and 150 kg.ha-1) and various sources of nitrogen (Azospirilum, Azotobacter, Nano-nitrogen and Control). The results showed that in levels of nitrogen source, the application of urea fertilizer increased the shoot weight and shoot length, but decreased total antioxidant capacity, total flavonoid compounds and vitamin C. The highest fresh weight of shoot and fruit number were obtained from nano-nitrogen treatment + 75 kg.ha-1. While the highest amounts of vitamin C, total antioxidant capacity and total flavonoid compounds were obtained from Azotobacter and Azospirilum inoculated plants, Azotobacter was superior to Azospirilum in most of the traits and with increasing the application of urea fertilizer, maintained its efficiency compared to control. The highest fruit yield was obtained from nano-nitrogen + 75 kg.ha-1, but there was no statistically significant difference with Azotobacter + 75 kg.ha-1. Therefore, since the aim of the experiment was to increase the yield and quality of the fruit, Azotobacter + 75 kg.ha-1 is recommendable compared to other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - The effect of height on some secondary metabolites of different organs of Sambucus (Sambucus ebulus L.) in three cities of Golestan province
Zahra Kaghazloo Khodayar Hemati Sara Khorasaninejad In order to study the effect of height and habitat on some biochemical features of Sambucus ebulus, an experiment was carried out in three cities in Golestan (Ramiyan, Tuskestan-Gorgan and Minoodasht), three height levels (elevations above 1400 m, 700-600 More In order to study the effect of height and habitat on some biochemical features of Sambucus ebulus, an experiment was carried out in three cities in Golestan (Ramiyan, Tuskestan-Gorgan and Minoodasht), three height levels (elevations above 1400 m, 700-600 m, and below 300 m), and on leaves, flowers and fruit with three replications in 2015. Total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were measured. The results showed significant effects of heights, region, and organs on biochemical features of the plants so that the interaction of effects of the region and height on the total phenol content and antioxidant activity and the interaction of effects of the region and organ on the total phenol content and on the antioxidant activity, and the interaction of effects of the height and organ on the total phenol content and flavonoids were significant. Also, the interaction of effects of the region, height, and organs was significant on total phenol content and total flavonoids and antioxidant activities. Maximum and minimum total phenol contents were recorded in the leaves of the plants in low height of Tuskestan and in the flowers of plants at average height of Minoodasht, respectively. Also, the highest flavonoid contents were recorded in the flowers at low heights of Minoodasht while the lowest flavonoid content was observed in fruits of the plants at low heights of Tuskestan. The findings also suggest that the maximum antioxidant activity was observed in fruit of the plants at medium elevation in Tuskestan while the minimum content was recorded in leaves of the plants at medium height in Tuskestan. Overall, it can be conclude that total phenol and flavonoids decreased with an increase in the height and the highest quality was obtained from the plants grown at low heights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Evaluation of the effect of putrescine on morphological and physiological indices of Giant Milkweed Seedlings (Calotropis procera Ait.) under drought conditions
Mojtaba Dolatkordestani Mansour Taghvaei Saied BarkhoriGiven the importance of Giant Milkweed shrub in reclamation of deserts and arid regions, and position of Iran in low rainfall and arid areas, so far enough research has not been done to understand the morpho-physiological properties of the Giant Milkweed shrub under dro MoreGiven the importance of Giant Milkweed shrub in reclamation of deserts and arid regions, and position of Iran in low rainfall and arid areas, so far enough research has not been done to understand the morpho-physiological properties of the Giant Milkweed shrub under drought stress conditions and to determine the status of putrescine in reducing the devastating effects of drought. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted in a split plot randomized complete block design with four replications to determine the effect of putrescine on some morphological and physiological characteristics of Giant Milkweed seedlings under drought stress conditions in Research Farm of the University of Hormozgan. The main factor included five levels of irrigation (1 (control), 3, 6, 9 and 12 days irrigation intervals) and putrescine treatment by foliar sprays at 3 steps every 20 days at five levels (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 mM) in sub plots. Results showed that an increase in irrigation interval up to 12 days reduced leaf area, fresh and dry weight of shoots, fresh and dry weight of roots, and chlorophyll content. Also, increased irrigation interval up to 12 days increased proline content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase enzymes activities. Increase in the concentration of putrescine, led to a significant increase in leaf area, fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, chlorophyll content, proline content, and superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes activities in the leaves. The best putrescine treatment to reduce the devastating effects of drought was observed at concentration of 2 mM. According to the results obtained, the use of putrescine to establish the plant in dry conditions is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - The effects of vermicompost and Azomite on growth parameters, biochemical traits and absorption of nutrients in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.)
Rasoul Narimani Mohammad Moghaddam Hassan Ebrahimi Danial ShokouhiVermicompost as a bio-fertilizer increases plant yield and improves its growth traits through improving the physicochemical properties of the soil and enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants. Azomite also improves plant yield and growth traits through exhaustive r MoreVermicompost as a bio-fertilizer increases plant yield and improves its growth traits through improving the physicochemical properties of the soil and enhancement of nutrients absorption by plants. Azomite also improves plant yield and growth traits through exhaustive range of beneficial elements. In order to investigate effects of different levels of vermicompost and Azomite application on growth and some qualitative characteristics and mineral absorption of summer savory, a pot factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications and two factors, namely vermicompost and Azomite in four levels (0, 5, 10, and 15%) and (0, 3, 6, and 9 g/kg soil), respectively in the research greenhouse of Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The traits under investigation included plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, number of branches, relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and soluble carbohydrates content, as well as absorption of nutrients. Results showed that application 10% and 15% vermicompost combined with 3 grams of Azomite per kg of soil increased significantly plant growth parameters such as leaf and stem fresh and dry weight, internode length, and stem diameter as well as biochemical traits such as relative water content, soluble sugar content, and photosynthetic pigments compared to control plants (non-application of vermicompost and Azomite). The interaction between vermicompost and Azomite had a significant effect on nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, iron, zinc, and manganese concentrations. The use of vermicompost (levels 10% and 15%) with Azomite (at all three levels) significantly increased the concentration of these elements compared to the control treatment. It was also observed that the use of vermicompost as alone caused a significant increase in potassium and magnesium in plants compared with non-fertilized treatment. In general, the results of this experiment showed that using vermicompost and Azomite mineral fertilizer can improve quantitative and qualitative traits and absorption of nutrients in summer savory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Qualitative study of apricot varieties of Prunus armeniaca cv Shahroudi during different harvesting stages
jasim taha Jafar Hajilou Qolamreza dehghanToday, much attention is paid to the quality of fruits, including those of nuclear origin, with regard to their after-harvest life. The purpose of this research was to evaluate some of the qualitative traits during the final stages of growth and determine the time of ha MoreToday, much attention is paid to the quality of fruits, including those of nuclear origin, with regard to their after-harvest life. The purpose of this research was to evaluate some of the qualitative traits during the final stages of growth and determine the time of harvesting apricot of Shahroodi cultivar according to the time and market of consumption. Apricot fruits were harvested in 3 different time intervals (distance between each harvest and another three days). Experiment was conducted on randomized complete block design in three treatments (different stages of harvesting) and four replications (main tree species). The measured qualitative traits included total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C, fruit firmness, pH of fruit extract, phenol, flavonoid, total antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin, antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase) , Polyphenol oxidase) and total protein. All traits were significant at 5% level and changed during harvesting. Antioxidant enzymes increased during harvesting, except polyphenol oxidase, phenols and flavonoids decreased. According to the results, it seems that the best harvest time for this apricot is the second harvest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Effect of different levels of biochar on physiological traits of pumpkin under water shortage stress
Ali reza Safahani Reza NooraBiochar has recently attracted lots of attention as a viable strategy for increasing crop productivity. Water shortage limits the productivity of agriculture, and one possible solution to this problem is the application of biochar. The objective of this study was to inv MoreBiochar has recently attracted lots of attention as a viable strategy for increasing crop productivity. Water shortage limits the productivity of agriculture, and one possible solution to this problem is the application of biochar. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biochar on physiology and yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under different irrigation regimes. For this purpose, a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with four replicates was conducted in Gorgan, in two successive years (2014-2015) and consisting of a factorial combination of four irrigation regimes including 45%, 60%, 75%, and 90% (I1-I4) of maximum allowable depletion (MAD) of available soil water (ASW) and biochar was applied at rates 0, 5, 10, and 20 tons per ha(B0–B20). Drought increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the content of reactive oxygen species in leaf compared to control. In contrast, all of the antioxidant activities, reactive oxygen species and proline contents of leaves in soil treated with biochar, particularly at B20 biochar, declined. With the addition of biochar, the contents of MDA, O2•− and H2O2displayed remarkable decrease, however, maximum and minimum of these substances belonged to I4B0 and I1B20, respectively. Interestingly, biochar application alleviated the negative impact of reduced irrigation on the leaf gas exchange parameters, crop yields, water use efficiency, chlorophyll content, uptake of nutrients, and plant water status. Measured and simulated results revealed a special biochar application threshold for each irrigation regime with respect to seed yield. Response rate to biochar was ceased at lower biochar rates by prolonging irrigation. But the response of I2 treatment to biochar ceased at higher biochar rate as Bcritical (14 t ha-1). This implies that I2 improved response of pumpkin to biochar, which was accompanied by its higher WUE. These results indicate that biochar amendment could be considered as a successful strategy for improving the water productivity and increased crop production in study region (Gorgan). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - The study of morphological characteristics, antioxidant and essential oil contents of the medicinal plant Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. in habitats of Semnan, Razavi,and North Khorasan provinces
Sedighe Chorli Sara Khorasaninejad Khodayar Hemmati Bahare KashefiStachys lavandulifolia is one of the medicinal plants from genus of Stachys and Labiatae with different medicinal properties that is widely found in Iran. This research was based on a completely randomized design with three replications to investigate the morphological MoreStachys lavandulifolia is one of the medicinal plants from genus of Stachys and Labiatae with different medicinal properties that is widely found in Iran. This research was based on a completely randomized design with three replications to investigate the morphological characteristics and phytochemical properties in four habitats in Semnan, Razavi and North Khorasan provinces in 2014. Morphological characteristics such as plant height, wet and dry root and shoot weights, root length, number of total flowers, number of open flowers and leaf, leaf area, and chlorophyll content were measured at the time of flowering. Also, essential oil yield and percentage, total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were measured in flowering time. Morphological characteristics did not show any significant difference but essential oil yield and percentage showed a significant difference in different habits. The highes total phenol and antioxidant content were recorded for Shahrud and Mashhad, respectively. The amount of total phenol and flavonoid were determined in the leaves and the highest amount of antioxidant was recorded in flowers. Finally, the highest level of essential oil yield and percentage were recorded for Mashhad and decrease in the altitude and rainfall could be attributed increase in essential oil in Stachys lavandulifolia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - A study on phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of kolkhoung (Pistacia khinjuk Stocks) leaf in natural habitat of Ilam province
علی اصغر حاتم نیا پرویز ملک زاده خشنود نورالهی طاهره ولدبیگیIn the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were investigated in four kolkhoung genotypes in their natural habitats of Ilam province. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were assayed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picr MoreIn the present study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were investigated in four kolkhoung genotypes in their natural habitats of Ilam province. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were assayed by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide radical scavenging and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays. Among all the sample tested, leaf extract of K3 and K4 genotypes contained the highest and the lowest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. The results indicated that among all the genotypes studied here, the highest and the lowest antioxidant activity were observed in K3 and K4 genotypes, respectively. According to the results, total phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity in kolkhoung can be influenced by different factors such as genetic, environmental and ecological conditions. So that the amount of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity increased in leaf of kolkhoung as the altitude increased, and the highest amount of compounds were observed in K3 genotype at altitude of 2083 meters (Ghalarang mountain). However, the results obtained in our research indicated that K3 genotype had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and interestingly this genotype revealed the highest antioxidant activity among all samples tested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - Study of Fe and Cu accumulation and antioxidant activities of dominant plant species in Sorkhe Mine in Marand province
لیلا حکیمی مژگان فرزامی سپهرThe capability of plant species to accumulate heavy metals in their organs is a factor to alleviate the pollution in the environment. Plants can alleviate environmental pollution using accumulation, uptake and transformation methods, which can change their antioxidant a MoreThe capability of plant species to accumulate heavy metals in their organs is a factor to alleviate the pollution in the environment. Plants can alleviate environmental pollution using accumulation, uptake and transformation methods, which can change their antioxidant activities. The present study was conducted to investigate Fe and Cu accumulation in root and shoot of Alyssum linifolium, Salvia multicaulis, Muscari neglactum, and Verbascum Thapsus and their antioxidant responses in a Copper mine located in East Azarbaijan. The results showed that the maximum and minimum accumulation of Fe was respectively recorded in the roots of M. neglactum and V. thapsus). In addition, the highest and lowest Cu accumulation was also found in the roots of M. neglactum and V. Thapsus, while there was no significant difference among plant shoots for Fe and Cu. The maximum and minimum SOD and APX activities were observed in M. neglactum and V. Thapsus, respectively, whereas there was no significant difference for MAD among all plant species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Study of root morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) in response to moisture stress
Raheleh Ahmadpour Saeed Reza Hosseinzadeh Somayeh ChashianiThe responses of plant roots play an important role in stress tolerance and optimal use of the moisture stored in the soil. Study of the most important morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of roots can be an appropriate approach for selection of the cultivars MoreThe responses of plant roots play an important role in stress tolerance and optimal use of the moisture stored in the soil. Study of the most important morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of roots can be an appropriate approach for selection of the cultivars tolerant to moisture stress. This study was conducted in pots and as a factorial completely randomized design in three replications.Treatments consisted of lentil cultivars (Gachsaran, Kimiya, Ziba, and Robat) and moisture stress at four levels: 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% field capacity. Results showed that the interactions between lentil cultivars and water stress on all root traits were significant. Under severe moisture stress, Rabat and Gachsaran cultivars were significantly superior to the Kimia and Ziba cultivars in most of the studied traits such as root length, root area, concentration of K, concentration of Ca, proline content, protein content, POX activity, and SOD activity. Kimia cultivar compared to other cultivars in all stress levels had the lowest root morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics. The findings of this study showed that in comparison with other cultivars, Robat and Gachsaran were affected less under moisture stress, by means of applying effective stress-tolerance mechanisms such as more antioxidant enzyme activity, more root proline and protein contents, increased root length and area, more K and Ca absorption. According to the results of this study, Robat and Gachsaran cultivars are introduced as tolerant cultivars for cultivation under moisture stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Evaluation of some quantitative and qualitative properties of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit during the last stages of maturation
mehdi panahi Jafar Hajilou Nader ChaparzadehIn recent years, increasing attention has been paid by consumers to cornelian cherry fruit, which is rich in antioxidants. This research was carried out based on a randomized complete block design for evaluation of the variations in some quantitative and qualitative pro MoreIn recent years, increasing attention has been paid by consumers to cornelian cherry fruit, which is rich in antioxidants. This research was carried out based on a randomized complete block design for evaluation of the variations in some quantitative and qualitative properties of cornelian cherry fruits during the last stages of maturation in 2015. Fruits were harvested at 4 different times and from 4 main geographical directions of the tree and were then immediately transferred to the laboratory. Several parameters such as dimension (length and width), weight, firmness, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, and total antioxidant capacity of the fruits were investigated. The results showed that the effect of different harvest dates on all traits was significant (P<0.05) while no significant differences were observed between replications. During fruit ripening, weight, dimension, pH, TSS, TSS/TA ratio, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanins increased while firmness, TA, total phenol, and total antioxidant capacity decreased. The content of ascorbic acid increased during fruits ripening, but it reduced again in the last harvest. The results indicate that the third harvest time (16.63 Brix level) can be the best harvest date for this genotype. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Evaluation of the effect of day length on morphological and physiological indices of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) Turfgrasses in field conditions
Nader Adamipour Hassan Salehi Morteza Khosh-KhuiIt is estimated that 20 to 25 percent of all turfgrasses are maintained under some shades, whether from building or trees. Shade affects plant growth by influencing light intensity, quality, and duration. Given the importance of turfgrasses in the beauty of the environm MoreIt is estimated that 20 to 25 percent of all turfgrasses are maintained under some shades, whether from building or trees. Shade affects plant growth by influencing light intensity, quality, and duration. Given the importance of turfgrasses in the beauty of the environment surrounding human beings, so far enough research has not been done to understand the morpho-physiological properties of the turfgrasses under different day length conditions. For this purpose, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of day length on some morphological and physiological characteristics of two turfgrass genera in a split plot study based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in research farm of the Department of Horticultural Sciences, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University. Day length at three levels including long day length (16 hours), intermediate day length (12 hours), and short day length (8 hours) were considered as the main factor and two turfgrasses genera (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) were considered as sub plots. The results showed that short day causes decreasing tiller density, fresh and dry weight of shoot, fresh and dry weight of root, and chlorophyll and starch contents and led to increasing leaf area and superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes activities. Also, results showed that long day causes increasing tiller density, fresh and dry weight of shoot, fresh and dry weight of root and chlorophyll and starch contents and led to decreasing leaf area and superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes activities. Festuca arundinacea turfgrass compared with Cynodon dactylon turfgrass showed more resistance to decrease in day length. Regarding the possibility of increasing the period of light in parks and stadiums, in cold seasons when turfgrasses turn yellow, increasing photoperiod leads to improvement of the green color and increasing the efficiency of turfgrasses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - A study on the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace (Olea europaea L.) on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars in climatic conditions of Khuzestan
Azin Ghafarizadeh Seyyed Mansour Seyyed nejad Mozhan Vafaei Abdolali Gilani Azra SabooraThis study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design MoreThis study was designed in order to investigate the allelopathic effect of olive fruit pomace on some physiological parameters and yield of three wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). A pot experiment was used based on a factorial study with completely randomized design and three replications at five levels (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 % W/W) of olive fruit pomace and three wheat cultivars (Triticale, Karkhe and Chamran). The amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activities of peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase enzymes of leaf, and amount of malondialdehyde of leaf at ear emergence stage and spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, total harvest index, grain proline content, and grain soluble carbohydrate content at complete ripeness stage of wheat were measured. According to the results, amount of soluble proteins of leaf, activity of peroxidase of leaf, spike weight, spike length, grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight and total harvest index decreased in the three wheat cultivars with an increase in the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. But the amount of activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzyme of leaf, amount of malondialdehyde of leaf, grain proline, and grain soluble carbohydrate content showed increase in the three wheat cultivars by increasing the content of olive pomace in the soil compared to the control. Since olive fruit pomace contains phenolic compounds, the inhibitory effects of olive pomace on wheat growth are attributed to these compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - The effects of irrigation period and humic acid on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
Hossain Gorgini sarah khorasaninejad mohammadreza abbasi alireza tabasiIn order to study the effects of irrigation period and humic acid on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L., an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research MoreIn order to study the effects of irrigation period and humic acid on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Thymus vulgaris L., an experiment was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications at research farm of Baharan University of Gorgan, during growing season of 2016- 2017. Treatments were four levels of irrigation periods (every 3, 6, 9 days and everyday as control) and humic acid at three levels (0, 150, and 300 mg/l). Results showed that irrigation periods increased phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, proline, and soluble carbohydrate. The effect of the longest irrigation period (every 9 days) increased 1.07, 0.016, 14.53, 1.87 and 3.82 percent of proline, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and soluble carbohydrate, respectively. Also the highest concentration of essential oils was observed with the every 6 days irrigation treatment showing 15% difference as compare with the control. On the other hand irrigation period decreased significantly shoot height and wet and dry weight. Moreover, humic acid had a significant effect on all characteristics under study. Also, interaction effect of humic acid and irrigation periods had significant effects on all traits except for phenolic compounds. Foliar application with 150 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation resulted in the maximum increase in thymol and antioxidant activities. The highest level of essential oils was achieved in 300 mg/l humic acid and every 6-day irrigation period. Maximum proline content was also recorded under 300 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation period. Generally, findings suggested application of 300 mg/l humic acid and every 9-day irrigation as economically the best treatment since under humic acid application and less irrigation water the same yield is achieved as under high water consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Investigation the role of nitric oxide on drought tolerance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)
Omid SadeghipourDrought is one of the most important adverse environmental factors that limits crop production. Nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule contributes in plant response to environmental stresses. Therefore, in order to investigate the effects of NO on drought tolerance o MoreDrought is one of the most important adverse environmental factors that limits crop production. Nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule contributes in plant response to environmental stresses. Therefore, in order to investigate the effects of NO on drought tolerance of mung bean (cv. Partow), a field experiment was done in the south of Tehran in 2015. The study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments and 4 replications. In this experiment, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) solution was used as NO donor. Treatments included control, drought stress, seed treatment, foliar application at the vegetative stage, foliar application at the reproductive stage, seed treatment + foliar application at the vegetative stage, seed treatment + foliar application at the reproductive stage, foliar application at the vegetative and reproductive stages, and seed treatment + foliar application at the vegetative and reproductive stages. Results showed that due to the drought stress, antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline concentrations were increased but the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll value, leaf area index (LAI), and seed yield decreased. However, application of SNP by further increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline accumulation, reduced the MDA content while improving the RWC, chlorophyll value, LAI, and eventually the seed yield under drought stress. Among SNP application treatments, seed treatment + foliar application at the vegetative and reproductive stages was the most effective, although it was not significantly difference from the other treatments including SNP foliar application at the reproductive stage. According to the findings of the study, application of NO may be recommended as a useful tool for improving drought tolerance of mung bean. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Effect of salicylic acid on some growth and biochemical characters of Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress on in vitro condition
Ahmad Abdolzade Zahra Soleiman nejad Hamid reza Sadeghe pourSalinity is an abiotic stress that seriously constrains agricultural production including potatoes in most regions of the world. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salicylic acid, on growth properties and biochemical characteristics of in vitro cult MoreSalinity is an abiotic stress that seriously constrains agricultural production including potatoes in most regions of the world. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salicylic acid, on growth properties and biochemical characteristics of in vitro cultureof Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress. The study was carried out at a completely random design with eight replications in the Department of Horticulture of University of Tabriz. Variables under study included salinity stress at two levels (0 and 70 mM/L sodium chloride) and salicylic acid at four levels (0, 1, 10, and 100 mM/L). Results showed that salicylic acid significantly mitigated the effects of salinity. Therefore, the highest plantlet length was recorded under salinity along with 10 mM salicylic acid treatment showing the positive effect of the treatment on mitigating the influences of salinity. However, the concentrations of salicylic acid higher than 10mM/L not only had no effect on plants, but also negatively influenced the effects of salinity stress. Also, antioxidant enzyme activity of the plantlets had a considerable increase at all concentrations of salicylic acid and levels of salinity. Moreover, the study suggested that Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria was relatively sensitive to salinity stress and all characteristics of the plants under study were influenced with salinity. Also, application of salicylic acid caused improvement in the growth and biochemical properties of the plants under study increasing their tolerance against salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Evaluation of some physicochemical traits in selected oil and table olive (Olea europaea) genotypes compatible with climatic conditions of Gorgan
Somayyeh Ebraheimnia Esmaeil Seife Khodayar Hemmati Hossein FereidooniBecause of the importance of identifying the native genotypes and selecting the appropriate cultivars for successful development of olive tree cultivation, the present study was conducted to evaluate the selected oil and table genotypes compatible with climatic conditio MoreBecause of the importance of identifying the native genotypes and selecting the appropriate cultivars for successful development of olive tree cultivation, the present study was conducted to evaluate the selected oil and table genotypes compatible with climatic conditions of Gorgan. The experiment was done in a completely randomized design with three replications on 24 genotypes in Hashemabad complex in Golestan province. The maturity index of fruit was measured according to a method suggested by International Olive Oil Council and the percentage of oil was determined using a soxhlet method. Six genotypes with higher percentage of oil were selected and the physicochemical properties of the oil and the percentage of fatty acids were determined. Results showed that the highest and lowest fruit weights were observed in genotypes I7 and E6, respectively. The highest percentage of fruit flesh was observed in I7. E11 and D5 had the highest percentages of oil in dry and fresh matter. The lowest acidity was observed in B7 and the lowest peroxide was seen in E11. Genotypes F1 and E11 had the highest oil phenolic compounds. A10 showed the highest amounts of chlorophylls and carotenoids. F9 had the lowest indexes of K232 and K270 and following that A10 had the lowest index of K270. The highest percentage of oleic acid and the lowest percentage of linoleic acid were observed in A10. Genotype B7 had the lowest percentage of palmitic acid. Due to fruit weight, percentage of flesh and fruit sphericity, eight table genotypes were selected for further study. Among the selected table genotypes, genotype I7 had the highest levels of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and anthocyanin. According to the results, the best oil genotypes were A10 and E11, the best table genotype was I7 and the best dual-purpose genotypes were F10 and B7. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Effect of the growth retardant chlormequat chloride (CCC) and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar makuyi
Ahmad Afkari Mitra AbbasiTo study the effects of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar makuyi a factorial randomized complete block design was used MoreTo study the effects of different concentrations of chlormequat chloride and different levels of nitrogen on some physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar makuyi a factorial randomized complete block design was used with 4 replications in spring 2015. Treatments included chlormequat chloride concentrations (0, 500, 1,000, and 1500 mg/ha) and nitrogen at 3 levels (50, 100, and 150 kg/ha). Results suggest a significant difference between interaction effects of chlormequat chloride and nitrogen fertilizer on chlorophyll content, relative water content, yield and protein percentage, and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes at 1% probability level and in the number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight, and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity at 5% probability level. An increase in the consumption of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the relative water content of leaves due to reduced leaf water potential. Chlormequat chloride by transferring sufficient photosynthetic material to the seeds played an important role in their filling and increased seed weight. Also, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes were decreased by increasing the consumption of chlormequat chloride concentration and nitrogen uptake. In general, through applying 1500 mg/ha chlormequat chloride and 150 kg/ha nitrogen, the highest chlorophyll content, relative water content, yield components, yield, and protein percent were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Variation on biochemical, phytochemical and genetic diversity of fig (ficus carica) from East Azerbaijan province
akbar ghorbani hamid Hasanpour sezai ErcisliAbstract. Fig (Ficus cariaca) is native to western and eastern mediterranean regions such as western and northwestern of Iran. Iran is one of the important fig producers in the world. In this study, biochemical, phycochemistry characteristics and genetic diversity of 38 MoreAbstract. Fig (Ficus cariaca) is native to western and eastern mediterranean regions such as western and northwestern of Iran. Iran is one of the important fig producers in the world. In this study, biochemical, phycochemistry characteristics and genetic diversity of 38 fig genotypes from Arsbaran in East Azerbaijan province in the Horticulture Laboratory of Urmia University in 2015 were investigated. Biochemical results showed that, TSS, pH, TSS/TA, vitamin c, antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanin, total flavonoid and total phenol were significant (p ≤ 0.01). Most of the studied biochemical traits indicated high variation. The results of the molecular data showed that a total of 131 bands were scored, of which 121 bands (92%) were polymorphic. The amount of polymorphic (PIC) information for the primers used varied from 0.22 to 0.47 in ISSR7 and ISSR20 respectively. Also, marker index were between 0.15 to 2.5 in ISSR7 and ISSR20 respectively. Based on the results of cluster analysis, the studied fig genotypes were classified into two main groups, so that the most of collected genotypes from Kalibar belonged to second group. So it could be concluded that geographic location of the studied fig genotypes is the main reason for their separation by this marker. Based on obtained results, the genotypes Kh9 and H17 were suggested for breeding programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Effect of salicylic acid on some growth and biochemical characters of Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress on in vitro condition
farzaneh Fakhimi Alireza Motallebi Azar Fariborz Zaree Nahandi Nemat Sokhandan Bashir Gholamreza GohariSalinity is an abiotic stress that seriously constrains agricultural production including potatoes in most regions of the world. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salicylic acid, on growth properties and biochemical characteristics of in vitro cult MoreSalinity is an abiotic stress that seriously constrains agricultural production including potatoes in most regions of the world. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salicylic acid, on growth properties and biochemical characteristics of in vitro cultureof Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria under salinity stress. The study was carried out at a completely random design with eight replications in the Department of Horticulture of University of Tabriz. Variables under study included salinity stress at two levels (0 and 70 mM/L sodium chloride) and salicylic acid at four levels (0, 1, 10, and 100 mM/L). Results showed that salicylic acid significantly mitigated the effects of salinity. Therefore, the highest plantlet length was recorded under salinity along with 10 mM salicylic acid treatment showing the positive effect of the treatment on mitigating the influences of salinity. However, the concentrations of salicylic acid higher than 10mM/L not only had no effect on plants, but also negatively influenced the effects of salinity stress. Also, antioxidant enzyme activity of the plantlets had a considerable increase at all concentrations of salicylic acid and levels of salinity. Moreover, the study suggested that Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria was relatively sensitive to salinity stress and all characteristics of the plants under study were influenced with salinity. Also, application of salicylic acid caused improvement in the growth and biochemical properties of the plants under study increasing their tolerance against salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - Effects of cold stress on Abscisic acid composition by examining the gene expression and non-enzymatic antioxidants changes of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum 'Red Cloud cultivar)
Niloofar Samadi Sakineh Saeidi Sar Hossein ABBASPOUR Nahid MasoudianTomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) a main agricultural crops that is important in most countries including Iran. In this study, we investigated the SlNCED1 gene expression of biosynthetic Abscisic acid pathway by Real Time qRT-PCR and measured some of the physiological ch MoreTomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.) a main agricultural crops that is important in most countries including Iran. In this study, we investigated the SlNCED1 gene expression of biosynthetic Abscisic acid pathway by Real Time qRT-PCR and measured some of the physiological characteristics under cold stress. After fruiting, plants were placed under 2° and 4° C temperatures for 12 and 24 hours. Then, the fruits were collected for gene expression and measuring non-enzymatic antioxidant by DPPH and total phenols by Folin Ciocalteo. Results showed that the fruits at 4° C for 24 and 12 hours had more gene expression compared to other treatments. Also, non-enzymatic and total phenols had increased significantly at 2° C for 12 hours. Generally, since tomato Red Cloud cultivar belongs to tropical region, at temperatures below 12° C it is influenced by cold stress and, subsequently, it makes changes in gene expression and antioxidants to protect itself against stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - The effect of different levels of seaweed extract on the growth, yield and biochemical characteristics of bitter squash (Momordica charantia L.)
Mohammed Hossein Aminifard Sekene KhandanThe effects of foliar spraying of seaweed extract on the growth, yield and biochemical characteristics of bitter squash plant (Carla) were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were of four levels of seaweed extract (0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 in thousand) during three st MoreThe effects of foliar spraying of seaweed extract on the growth, yield and biochemical characteristics of bitter squash plant (Carla) were evaluated under field conditions. Treatments were of four levels of seaweed extract (0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 in thousand) during three stages of foliar spraying (before flowering, flowering and fruit set time). The experiment was designed in randomized block design with three replications at the Research station of Faculty of Agriculture University of Birjand during growing season of 2016. Leaf growth indices were influenced by seaweed extract treatments, so that with increasing treatment levels, increased fresh and dry weight and leaf area. The seaweed extract improved photosynthetic pigments (chl a, chl b, total chl and carotenoid). The highest amount of chl a, b, total chl and carotenoid (4.77, 5.66, 11.03, 2.52 mg. g-1f.w) were obtained in plants treated with 4.5 in thousand seaweed extract, while the lowest values were recorded in the control. Results showed that seaweed extract improved on quantitative characteristics of bush, so that the highest bush length and number of lateral branches were obtained at the highest level of the seaweed extract, while the lowest value were recorded in the control. Application of different levels of seaweed extract has a positive effect on the yield indices (weight, length and diameter of the fruit, number of fruits and yield) and biochemical characteristics of fruit (antioxidants activity and total phenol). The highest yield (4526 kg. ha-1), total phenol (8.74 mg GAE/100g) and antioxidant activity (69.68%) were obtained in plants treated with 4.5 in thousand seaweed extract. Generally, the findings of current study revealed that the use of 4.5 in thousand seaweed extract had strong impact on qualitative characteristics of bitter squash in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - The study of the effects of cytokinin and gibberellin on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activity in deteriorated seeds of corn cultivars (Zea mays L.)
saedeh rashidyDeterioration of seed is one of the vigor reducing factors limiting seed germination. Determination of factors affecting seed deterioration is important. In order to determine the effect of plant hormones on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activities MoreDeterioration of seed is one of the vigor reducing factors limiting seed germination. Determination of factors affecting seed deterioration is important. In order to determine the effect of plant hormones on germination characteristics and antioxidant enzymes activities of deteriorated corn seeds an experiment was carried out at seed and biotechnology laboratories of College of Agriculture, Tehran University in 2019. The study was designed with a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. The experiment treatments included varieties at 2 levels (704 single cross hybrid and 260 single cross hybrid), accelerated aging at 4 levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 day), and hormones at 2 levels (gibberellin and cytokinin). Seed deterioration reduced germination indexes and peroxidase and catalase enzymes activity. Treatment of deteriorated seeds with cytokinin and gibberellin increased antioxidant enzymes activities. Cytokinin was more effective than gibberellin in increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes in deteriorated seeds. Results indicated that low seed vigor decreased the activity of enzymes and plant hormones as an agronomy solution compensated for the loss in low vigor seeds. Also, cultivar 704, with a higher vigor indicated amore enzyme activity than cultivar260. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Study on antioxidant enzymes activity in active and banjhi buds of tea (Camellia sinensis L) cultivars (clone 100 and hybrid)
seyede mehri javadi mehri beigmohamadiThe yield and quality of tea depend on the shoot growth and bud dormancy. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the natural sources of bioactive compounds, such as caffeine, catechins, and antioxidants, which is consumed as a “health drink” due to its beneficial MoreThe yield and quality of tea depend on the shoot growth and bud dormancy. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the natural sources of bioactive compounds, such as caffeine, catechins, and antioxidants, which is consumed as a “health drink” due to its beneficial medicinal properties. The bud dormancy increases the distance of leaf plucking and reduces the yield of tea. In this study, activities of antioxidant enzymes were assessed in banjhi and active buds in two cultivars, clone 100 and hybrid. The results showed that there were significant differences in antioxidant enzyme activity, indicating genetic diversity between them. The activities of enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase in the banjhi buds were higher than the active buds, however, in banjhi buds, the peroxidase activity was higher than the active budsThe yield and quality of tea, which is consumed as a “health drink”, depend on the shoot growth and bud dormancy. The bud dormancy increases the distance of leaf plucking and reduces the yield of tea. In this study, activities of antioxidant enzymes were assessed in banjhi and active buds in two cultivars, clone 100 and hybrid. The results showed that there were significant differences in antioxidant enzyme activity, indicating genetic diversity between them. The activities of enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase in the banjhi buds were higher than the active buds, however, in banjhi buds, the peroxidase activity was higher than the active buds. According to the results, it seems that biochemical changes are involved in the development of banjhi bud and active bud and these changes can be used as a biochemical marker not only in detecting the yield of tea cultivars but also in reducing the dormant periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Effect of mycorrhizal fungi and foliar application of putrescine on some biochemical characteristics and biomass of basil (Ocimum ciliatum L.) in two different harvesting times
Sara Farsari Mohammad MoghaddamIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and foliar application of putrescine on some biochemical characteristics, essential oil content, and biomass of basil (Ocimumciliatum L.), a split plot in time experiment with three replications was performed based MoreIn order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi and foliar application of putrescine on some biochemical characteristics, essential oil content, and biomass of basil (Ocimumciliatum L.), a split plot in time experiment with three replications was performed based on a completely randomized design. Treatments included three levels of mycorrhizal fungi (control, Glomusmossea, and Glomusintraradicese) and three levels of putrescine (0, 1, and 2 mM) as main factors and two harvesting times as sub-factor. Results indicated that application of mycorrhizal fungi and putrescine influenced the biochemical traits, fresh and dry biomass of aerial parts, and essential oil content of the plants. The highest amount of chlorophyll a and essential oil content were observed at G. mossea and 2 mM putrescine application in the first harvesting time. The highest amounts of chlorophyll b and carotenoid were obtained at G. intraradicese and 2 mM putrescine application in the first harvesting time. But with increasing the day time length and temperature, the amount of photosynthetic pigments in the second harvesting time decreased. The highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were observed in the treatment of G.intraradicese without putrescine spraying in the second harvesting time. The highest fresh and dry biomass of aerial parts were observed by applying G. mossea; but, no significant difference was observed between the two concentrations of putrescine and only a significant increase was recorded in comparison with no putrescine treatment. Generally, applying both types of mycorrhizal fungi as biofertilizers with foliar application of 2mM putrescine could significantly improve the traits in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - Effect of silicon oxide and salicylic acid on yield, yield components, and some biochemical properties of Persian melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus)
mojtaba salahiostad malihe morshedloo Mohammad MoghaddamThis study was carried out to enhance yield and quality of Persian melon crop in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar MoreThis study was carried out to enhance yield and quality of Persian melon crop in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The treatments consisted of foliar application of salicylic acid at three concentrations (0, 1, and 2 mM) and root drowning in the aqueous solution of silicon oxide at three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 1 g/L). The measured traits were the number of days to flowering, average fruit weight, average fruit production per plant, fruit number per plant, final yield, total phenol, antioxidant activity, proline, and soluble carbohydrate. Results showed that the highest fruit yield, total carbohydrate, and antioxidant activity were obtained in the interaction effect of 2 mM salicylic acid spray with 0.5 g/L silicon oxide application. The amount of proline and total phenol increased in 2 mM salicylic acid and 0.5 g/L silicon oxide treatment compared to control. In this experiment, foliar application of 2 mM salicylic acid with 0.5 g/L silicon oxide were superior to other treatments in the most measured traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - vEvaluation of the effect of vermicompost and salinity stress on the pigments content and some biochemical characteristics of Borage (Borago Officinalis L.)
Ahmad Afkari Parvin FarajpourIn order to investigate the effects of salinity and vermicompost on the antioxidant enzymes activity and photosynthetic pigments of Borage officinalis L., a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015. The study MoreIn order to investigate the effects of salinity and vermicompost on the antioxidant enzymes activity and photosynthetic pigments of Borage officinalis L., a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replications in 2015. The study treatments consist of four vermicompost levels (0, 5, 10, and 15% wt potted soil in dry weight) and four salinity levels 0 (control), 4, 8, and 12 ds/m sodium chloride. The results of analysis of variance showed a considerable influence of salinity stress and vermicompost on the activity level of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and total chlorophyll enzymes. Other results indicated that with increasing salinity, the activity level of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments increased and decreased, respectively. Also, use of vermicompost fertilizer raised the levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids significantly compared to the control. Comparison of means of the interactions between salinity stress and vermicompost showed that the maximum antioxidant enzymes activity was obtained in 15 wt % vermicompost treatment at the salinity level of 12 ds/m NaCl. Therefore, the use of vermicompost as an organic fertilizer, in addition to increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments, can be a good way to reduce the negative effects of high levels of sodium and chloride ions in soils on the growth of borage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Investigation of antioxidant activity and application of HPLC technique for analysis of phenolic compounds of Amygdalus haussknechtii leaf extract
Ali Asghar Hatamnia Rabie SharifiThis study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant act MoreThis study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity was estimated by two methods, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl) and nitric oxide radical scavenging. High- performance chromatography was used for quantitative estimation of the phenolic compounds. Results showed that antioxidant activity of leaf extract of H3 genotype was significantly higher than that of H1 and H2 genotypes. The high antioxidant activity can be attributed to higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, so that high correlation coefficient was observed between total phenolic content and DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging, R = 0.902 and R= 0.806, respectively. Analyzing the phenolic compounds by HPLC method indicated that catechin, sinapic acid, quercetin, and apigenin were found in H3 genotype. Also, apigenin compound was observe in all three investigated genotypes. Generally, the results suggested that leaf extract of H3 genotype with high phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity can be presented as a source of natural antioxidant and used in pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - Effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid on antioxidant enzyme activities of mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) cultivars under water-deficit Stress
Mohammad Jahanbakhshi Mehdi Sadeghi Mahmood Tohidi Farbod Fotouhi Seyed Ali FazelzadehIn order to investigate the effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) under water-deficit stress, a field trial was performed in a split-plot design arranged in completely randomized block design MoreIn order to investigate the effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) under water-deficit stress, a field trial was performed in a split-plot design arranged in completely randomized block design with three replications in the Education and Research Center of Natural Resources Safiabad, Dezful during the two cultivation years (2017 and 2018). Four levels of water-deficit stress treatments were considered in the main plots (25, 50, 75, and 100% of plant water requirement) and combined treatment of foliar application of ascorbic acid in three levels (control, 10, and 20 mM) and genotype including Omidbakhsh VC6173 and Partow cultivars as subplots. The results of mean comparison showed that the highest levels of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were observed in water-deficit stress of 25% water requirement and no foliar application of ascorbic acid. The highest activity of catalase enzyme was observed under water-deficit stress of 50% water requirement and no foliar application of ascorbic acid. Also, the highest activity of guaiacol peroxidase enzyme was observed in Omidbakhsh VC6173 cultivar under water-deficit stress of 25% water requirement and no foliar application of ascorbic acid. The highest glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in VC6173 cultivar under water-deficit stress of 75% water requirement and 10 mM foliar application of ascorbic acid. Results showed that dehydration stress significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes while foliar application of ascorbic acid due to its antioxidant properties reduced the effects of stress and thus reducing the activity of antioxidant enzymes Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Effect of Pix regulator on growth parameters of antioxidant enzymes and oxidative indices of seedlings of two cultivars of Sahel and Shayan cotton plant (Gossypium spp.) under different drought levels
shahrbano ghafouri maryam niakan omran alishah Mohammad Reza ZangiMepiquat chloride (PIX) is an important management tool to reduce stress damage in cotton plants during germination. In this study, the effects of different drought levels and the amount of mepiquat chloride (PIX) were investigated on growth indices and antioxidant enzy MoreMepiquat chloride (PIX) is an important management tool to reduce stress damage in cotton plants during germination. In this study, the effects of different drought levels and the amount of mepiquat chloride (PIX) were investigated on growth indices and antioxidant enzymes as well as the malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents of seedlings in two cotton cultivars under laboratory conditions. The study was laid in a completely randomized design using 0, 5, and 10 g/l Pix and also under different drought levels using 0, -4, and -8 bar polyethylene glycol 6000 in petri dishes on two cultivars of cotton plant, namely Sahel (drought sensitive) and Shayan (drought resistant). Germination indices as well as physiological parameters of seedlings were measured under drought and Pix treatment after 4 days. Results showed that the use of Pix increased the germination percentage, root length, dry and fresh weights of seedlings, and the activity of peroxidase and catalase enzymes of cotton cultivars under drought stress while drought stress alone reduced these parameters. Drought also increased oxidative indices such as malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in seedlings of Sahel and Shayan cultivars while Pix application reduced these indices. In general, the results of this study showed that the use of Pix improved growth responses and antioxidant system of the two cotton cultivars and the response of cultivar Shayan was better than Sahel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - Interaction of harvest time and storage period on physiological and biochemical parameters of kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Gold)
Mahmoud Asadi somayeh Rohani Javad Fatahi moghadam Babak Babakhani Parvaneh RahdariProper harvesting time plays an important role in maintaining fruit quality during storage. Early or delayed harvesting results in unpleasant taste, inability to store and inappropriate appearance. In order to evaluate the effects of harvest time and storage period on p MoreProper harvesting time plays an important role in maintaining fruit quality during storage. Early or delayed harvesting results in unpleasant taste, inability to store and inappropriate appearance. In order to evaluate the effects of harvest time and storage period on physiological and biochemical parameters was conducted with three replications. Tests were carried out with four harvesting time (Based on the total soluble solids (TSS) index), i.e., 5, 6.5, 8 and 9.5 °Brix and four storage time, i.e., 0, 30, 60 and 90 days. Based on the experimental treatments, traits such as fruit juice, TSS, TA, TSS/TA ratio, starch and protein content, fruit pigments, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, vitamin C, total sugar content and reducing sugars content in fruit were measured. The results showed that in all harvesting treatments, increasing the storage period significantly increased TSS, TA, protein content, total phenol, vitamin C, total sugar content, reducing sugar and antioxidant capacity. Chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents increased significantly with increasing harvest index and storage period. The results of this study showed that 60 and 90 days storage periods play an important role in increasing physiological and biochemical indices of kiwifruit (except traits such as fruit juice, starch content, TSS/TA ratio and superoxide dismutase activity) in all harvest treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Effect of size and canopy position on physicochemical properties, carbohydrate, and bioactive compounds of Thomson Navel orange (Citrus sinensis cv. Thomson Navel)
somayeh Rezaei Javad Fatahi moghadam Parvaneh Rahdari Babak Babakhani Mahmoud AsadiCitrus fruits contain numerous beneficial bioactive compounds including vitamin C, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids, and sugars which have high nutritional and antioxidant value. Some factors such as the canopy position of the fruit and fruit size affect the MoreCitrus fruits contain numerous beneficial bioactive compounds including vitamin C, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids, and sugars which have high nutritional and antioxidant value. Some factors such as the canopy position of the fruit and fruit size affect the quality and quantity of these compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of canopy position and fruit size on morphophysiological and biochemical properties of Thomson orange fruit. In the first experiment, fruits with medium and uniform size were harvested from inside and outside canopy positions of the tree. In the second experiment, after harvest the fruits were grouped into three sizes of small, medium, and large. Traits such as weight, volume, length, and width of fruit, skin color, skin thickness, extract content, dry matter percentage, TA, TSS, TSS/TA, total chlorophyll and total carotenoids, antioxidant capacity, phenolic acid content, vitamin C, total sugars, and reducing sugars were evaluated on the peel and pulp of fruit along with a panel test. Results revealed that fruit volume, peel thickness, TSS/TA, a* value, CCI value, peel antioxidant capacity, and peel total sugars were higher in the fruits from the external canopy position while TA, L*, C*, h°, and b* in the fruits from internal canopies were significantly higher. Fruit size had a significant effect on physical parameters of fruit, CCI, h°, juice, and dry matter while it did not affect the quality and chemical traits of fruit. The results of this study showed that orange fruit with a position outside the crown and a large size has a significant increase in extract content, actual volume, average fruit diameter, aroma, taste, and sweetness compared to the position inside the crown with a small size. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Evaluation of morphological and biochemical traits of wild primrose (Dionysia revolute) in north of Iran under the influence of ecological factor of altitude
Mehdi Mohammadi Azni Hossein MoradiEnvironmental factors are the most important factors affecting morphological traits and expression of chemical synthesizing genes. Wild primrose has compounds such as calicillin, benzabolol, quinolone, thymol and is traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal and infec MoreEnvironmental factors are the most important factors affecting morphological traits and expression of chemical synthesizing genes. Wild primrose has compounds such as calicillin, benzabolol, quinolone, thymol and is traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal and infectious wounds. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of differences in elevation level in Mazandaran province (Azni area with a height of 1035 meters and the Kasoot area with a height of 481 meters) on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wild primrose. The studied phytochemical traits included total phenol content, total flavonoid, antioxidant capacity of samples using DPPH as well as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content. Also, morphological traits including leaf length, leaf width, root length, pedicel length, petiole length, and number of leaf were measured at the site of plant growth. Results showed that with increasing altitude in Azni site, leaf area, leaf width, petiole length, and pedicel length decreased compared to Kasoot region. But the plants in Azni region had longer roots and more leaves. On the other hand, the plants in Azni had higher leaf and flower flavonoid contents and their total phenol contents were more than those in Kasoot area. But considering the antioxidants and photosynthetic pigments, plants in Kasoot had significantly higher contents. In general, morphological traits decreased with increasing altitude while biochemical properties such as phenol and flavonoids increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - The effect of solvent type and concentration on extraction of phenolic compounds and evaluation of antioxidant activity of Crataegus elbursensis L. leaf collected from Golestan province
Mohammad Moghaddam Leila MehdizadeIn order to investigate the effect of the type and concentration of solvent on the amount of extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Crataegus elbursensis leaves, a research was performed in two separate experiments. At first experiment the effect o MoreIn order to investigate the effect of the type and concentration of solvent on the amount of extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Crataegus elbursensis leaves, a research was performed in two separate experiments. At first experiment the effect of solvent type (acetone, ethanol, methanol) at three concentrations (50, 80 and 100%) on extracted total phenolics content of C. elbursensis leaf was evaluated. At second experiment antioxidant capacity of produced extract from the best solvent at first experiment with the highest phenolic compounds (methanol 80%) was investigated by two different methods including total antioxidant and Fe reduction capacity. The results of these experiments showed that all three solvents; acetone, ethanol and methanol; in the form of mixture with water have more potential for extracting phenolic compounds toward the pure ones. The highest total phenolic content (118 mg GAE/g DW) was obtained at 80% concentration of all solvents, especially at methanol 80%. The results of evaluating antioxidant activity showed that with increasing the concentration of extract up to 500 µg/mL, antioxidant activity (0.8 mg/mL) was increased. Investigation of Fe reduction capacity indicated that with increasing the concentration of extract up to 800 µg/mL, the amount of absorption of the solvents contain the extract significantly increased. Therefore, according to the results of this study, the leaves of this plant can be used as the source of phenolics and antioxidants in different industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes based on some morphophysiological and biochemical indices
Nasim Ranjkesh Morteza Sam Darili Pouria Mazloum Amirabbas Mousavi Valiollah RameehRice is one of the most important food crop which is the staple food for more than half of the world population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties such as plant height, panicle length, number of effective tillers, total numbe MoreRice is one of the most important food crop which is the staple food for more than half of the world population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties such as plant height, panicle length, number of effective tillers, total number of grains, number of filled grains, number of unfilled grains, 1000-grain weight, biological yield, economic yield, harvest index, chlorophyll index, growth period, total Phenol (TP), antioxidant capacity based on 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl Hydrazil (DPPH) with 30 rice genotypes in a randomized complete block design in the experimental field of Amol Rice Research Institute. Results showed that Amol 1 and Bijar rice varieties had significantly higher antioxidant activities and total phenolic than the other samples examined in this study, respectively. The highest total number of grains, number of filled grains and 1000-grain weight were observed in genotype IR56. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters based on agronomic traits using UPGMA method. The highest mean of yield was related to the fourth cluster and the lowest of this attribute was related to the fifth cluster. Principal components analysis (PCA) explained 79.01% of variation and economic yield, total number of grains, and number of filled grains played the main Experimental Field role. Two principal components accounted for 43% of the raw data of the yield-related traits. The results of this research indicated that use of economic yield, total number of grains, and number of filled grains could be applied as a breeding strategy to obtain high yield rice cultivars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Morphological, physiological, and enzymatic responses of Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey) seedlings to water deficit conditions by inoculation of Rhizophagus irregularis
Zahra Boor Ghasem Ali Parad Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Ehsan GhanbaryThis study was conducted in greenhouse condition to investigate the growth, morphological and physiological changes and some antioxidant enzyme activities of one-year-old seedlings of Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey. inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhizal fungi MoreThis study was conducted in greenhouse condition to investigate the growth, morphological and physiological changes and some antioxidant enzyme activities of one-year-old seedlings of Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey. inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis mycorrhizal fungi under water deficit stress in a period of 70 days. The experiment was carried out at two inoculation levels (control or non-inoculated seedlings and inoculated with R. irregularismycorrhizal fungi) and with two levels of irrigation including irrigation at field capacity (control treatment) and irrigation at 30% of field capacity (water deficit treatment) in a completely randomized design with four treatments and 10 replications. Results revealed that morphological and physiological characteristics of A. subcordata seedlings significantly decreased under water deficit stress at 99% level while all enzymatic activities significantly increased. Although the morphological characteristics such as height and diameter growth, root length, leaf area, and leaf, stem, root, and total biomass significantly increased by 20-30% in R. irregularis mycorrhiza treatment of the irrigation control plants, these features increased by 55, 40, 46, 47, 37, 35, 50 and 37%, respectively when the plants under water deficit treatment were added R. irregularis mycorrhiza compared to non-mycorrhiza water deficit treatment. The meancomparisonresults indicated that the photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and leaf water potential reduced by 57, 54, 53, and 65%, respectively under water deficit regime whereas addition of R. irregularis mycorrhizal fungi in soil alleviated the effects of water deficit. Also, under water deficit condition, activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase significantly increased in comparison with field capacity irrigated seedlings while treatment of soil with mycorrhiza mitigated the destructive effects of water deficit. In general, the present study showed that inoculation of R. irregularis mycorrhizal fungi can alleviate physiological indexes and antioxidant enzyme and consequently leading to an increased tolerance of A. subcordata seedlings during the first year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Effect of drought stress on morphological and physiological traits of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)
Sahar momeni leila fahmideh Abbasali Emamjomeh Mahmud Solouki Javad ZahiriDrought stress is the most important factor in decreasing crop yield in most parts of the world. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological and physiological traits of sesame plant, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete blo MoreDrought stress is the most important factor in decreasing crop yield in most parts of the world. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological and physiological traits of sesame plant, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. In this experiment, the effects of different levels of drought stress (5%, 10%, 15%, and 25% field capacity) were investigated on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase, some photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid), some osmotic regulators including proline, and some morphological parameters (number of leaves, root length, stem height, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, dry weight of root, fresh weight of root, fresh weight of shoots, dry weight of shoots, fresh weight of plant, and dry weight of plant). After planting in pots, drought stress (5%, 10%, 15% and 25% of field capacity) was applied at seedling (four-leaf) stage and then the desired traits were measured. Statistical analyses showed that drought stress had a significant effect on all physiological and morphological features at 1% level. Morphological traits and photosynthetic pigments decreased with increasing drought stress (irrigation up to 5% of field capacity). Increasing drought stress levels increased root length in sesame. The highest root length (3.375 cm) was related to 5% of field capacity irrigation and the lowest root length (2.5 cm) was related to control (25% of field capacity irrigation). The highest levels of antioxidant enzymes and proline were also observed at the highest levels of drought stress (5% of field capacity irrigation). Based on the findings, the plant's growth measurements are recommended to be carried out at various developmental stages to find the effects of stress at each stage so as to get an appropriate understanding of the effects of stress on the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and biofertilizerson on yield and some biochemical traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress
Ahmad AfkariIn order to study of the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and biofertilizerson on yield and some biochemical traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress, was investigated using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design MoreIn order to study of the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and biofertilizerson on yield and some biochemical traits of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress, was investigated using a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design in triplicate within the 2019 crop year in the protected area of Horand city of the province of East Azarbaijan. Experimental treatments included the first factor of drought stress at three levels (70, 140 and 210 mm of evaporation from Class A evaporation pan), the second factor of seed inoculation with bacteria at five levels (no inoculation as control, inoculation with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Azospirillum and co-inoculation with Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum), and the third factor of salicylic acid foliar application at four levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mM). With the application of dehydration, cell membrane stability, maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and grain yield in basil decreased and carbohydrate accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde content and essential oil content increased. The results of comparing the mean interaction of drought stress and biofertilizers showed that the highest grain yield (917.11 kg / ha) and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (0.713) were obtained from 70 mm evaporation treatment and the co-inoculation of bacteria (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum). Salicylic acid (SA) foliar application increased 41.33%, 54.17%, 24.43% and 38.98% of glutathione peroxidase activity, leaf soluble carbohydrates, membrane stability index and essential oil content, and decreased the content of MDA by 54.72% respectively. According to the obtained results, foliar application with salicylic acid and the combined use of bacteria (Azotobacter, Pseudomonas and Azospirillum) could partially eliminate the negative effects of drought stress and improve the yield and quality of basil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Evaluation of biochemical parameters of Portulaca oleracea under chromium and salinity
Zahra Talebzadeh Raheleh Rahbarian mohebat Nadaf Hamid SobhanianThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of salinity and chromium stress on some biochemical characteristics of portulaca oleracea. This study was conducted in a completely randomized greenhouse design with 3 replications. 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of salinity and chromium stress on some biochemical characteristics of portulaca oleracea. This study was conducted in a completely randomized greenhouse design with 3 replications. 4 salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 ds/m) were provided using sodium chloride every 4 days through irrigation and chromium treatment levels (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 mg/kg dry weight of soil) and before from seed cultivation in soil, different levels of chromium treatment were obtained by increasing potassium dichromate to soil. The levels of Soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in alcohol, proteins, proline, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide were measured after 60 days of plant cultivation. The results showed that with increasing levels of chromium and salinity, the amounts of proline, peroxide, malondialdehyde, soluble carbohydrates increased, but insoluble carbohydrates and proteins decreased. The lowest amount of insoluble carbohydrates and proteins and the highest amount of proline, peroxide, malondaldehyde and alcohol-soluble carbohydrates were observed in the combined stress of salinity levels of 12 ds/m and chromium 28 mg/kg. The combined stress of salinity and chromium caused a further reduction in insoluble carbohydrates and portulaca protein. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Evaluation of resistance and biochemical responses of different varieties of tomato to Dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.)
Asieh Siahmarguee Fakhtak Taliei Mahtab YazdandostDodder is a one of the major parasitic weeds in the world. Dodder infestations reduce crop yield and increase harvesting costs. Different methods have been suggested to control of dodder, but none of them have been able to control these plants reliably. It seems that us MoreDodder is a one of the major parasitic weeds in the world. Dodder infestations reduce crop yield and increase harvesting costs. Different methods have been suggested to control of dodder, but none of them have been able to control these plants reliably. It seems that using resistant varieties is the best option to achieve this goal. In this study, resistance of 15 varieties of tomato to dodder infection (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Among these varieties, two susceptible and resistant varieties (Supra Urbana and Super Chef, respectively) were selected and catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, total phenolic compound, proline, flavonoid and soluble sugars was evaluated at different times after infection (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 240 Hours). The results showed that dodder infection increased the enzymes concentration (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase) compared to the non- infection treatment. Also, the amount of these enzymes in resistant cultivar were higher than susceptible cultivar. Variety and sampling time affected on total phenol content, proline, flavonoids and soluble sugars. Total phenolic compound and flavonoid levels increased after attaching the dodder to the tomato and reached its highest level at 240 h after attachment. This results indicates the induction antioxidant defence system in tomato under dodder infection. The results of this study show that contamination of tomato with dodder induces the immune system in this plant. Given that it is not possible to perfect control of parasitic weeds without crop damage, it can be very useful to know the defence mechanisms by which cultivars resistant to parasitic plants stand. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Effects of different concentrations of chitosan bio-stimulant on some physiological and biochemical traits of Andrographis paniculate L.
Mozhdeh Jafari Lafoot Leila Pishkar Daryush TaleiChitosan is a nitrogen containing polysaccharide synthesized naturally by deacetylation reaction of chitin, which is confirmed as an efficient bio-stimulant to improve production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. In the present study, the effects of chitosan MoreChitosan is a nitrogen containing polysaccharide synthesized naturally by deacetylation reaction of chitin, which is confirmed as an efficient bio-stimulant to improve production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. In the present study, the effects of chitosan (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, secondary metabolites, antioxidant capacity, activity of antioxidant enzymes, quantity and quality of protein, and the expression of HMGS and HMGR genes were examined in Andrographis paniculata L. The results showed that application of chitosan significantly increased the chlorophyll and carotenoids and, as a result, increased plant growth and biomass. Chitosan treatments (300 and 400 mg/L) increased the expression of HMGS and HMGR genes in plant leaves, which was associated with a significant increase in the accumulation of total phenols and flavonoids. Also, chitosan improved the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes and increased the antioxidant capacity of A. paniculata leaves. Examination of the quantity and quality of proteins showed that the intensity of protein bands with the molecular weight of 60 kD under 300 and 400 mg/L chitosan treatment and also the intensity of protein bands with the molecular weights of 35 and 20 kD under 300 mg/L chitosan treatment increased compared to the other concentrations. Therefore, these results revealed that application of chitosan can increase accumulation of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant capacity in the medicinal plant A. paniculata. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Investigation of heavy metal (Pb+) effect in presence of (Ca2+) on photosynthetic pigmentsand antioxidant enzymes activityof Entromorpha sp.
Belghais Boyok Saeid Soltani Amene sadat HashemiLead as one of the most expanded metals in environment, effects on human health. Besides, the biological absorption by algae leads to the reduction of heavy metal pollutions in aqueoussolutions. In this study, accumulation and bioabsorption of Pb+ on biochemical charact MoreLead as one of the most expanded metals in environment, effects on human health. Besides, the biological absorption by algae leads to the reduction of heavy metal pollutions in aqueoussolutions. In this study, accumulation and bioabsorption of Pb+ on biochemical characteristics of green alga Entromorpha was investigated. For this purpose, effects of different concentrations of Pb2+ (0, 50, 100 and 150 µM Pb(SO4)2) in presence of two concentrations of Ca2+ (0 and 0.5 mM CaCl2) was studied in Entromorpha collected on Caspian Sea in two times of 3 and 8 days in random complete design with 4 replications for photosynthetic pigments content, membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activity. The results indicated a decreasing rate of chlorophylla and b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid and also activity of polyphenoloxidase enzymewith increase of Pb2+ concentration and stress during. In membrane lipid peroxidation assay, malondialdehyde increased significantly by increase of Pb2+concentration. For these traits including chlorophyll, and carotenoid content and also membrane lipid peroxidation assay, effects of Pb2+ stress decreased by using CaCl2 treatment. The results of antioxidant assay showed that catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase activities in both 3 and 8 days stress was high without CaCl2 treatment than using it. In general, the results of this study showed that Pb2+causes oxidative stress and biochemical changes in Enteromorpha green algae. Also, the presence of CaCl2 treatment reduces the effects of stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
284 - Evaluation of photosynthetic pigments, fluorescence indexes, gas exchange, and some active flavonoid substances in Viola tricolor L. under the effect of bio-silver nanoparticles
Arefeh Hassanvand Sara Saadatmand Hossein Lariyazdi Alireza IranbakhshViola tricolor L. of the Violaceae family is used for its antioxidant and pharmaceutical compounds. This study was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on the photosynthetic systems an MoreViola tricolor L. of the Violaceae family is used for its antioxidant and pharmaceutical compounds. This study was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on the photosynthetic systems and gas exchange of the Viola tricolor L. Treatments included silver nanoparticles with three concentrations (10, 50, and 100 ppm) and a control (distilled water). Results of the study showed that relative water content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a concentration, and total chlorophyll concentration, maximum fluorescence, soluble carbohydrate, and antioxidant activity were higher in the treated plants compared with the control plants. Stomatal conductance showed a significant improvement under 50 mg/L silver nanoparticles compared with the other treatments. Maximum chlorophyll b was observed in 10 ppm concentration of silver nanoparticles. Moreover, the highest chlorophyll a content was observed in the plants treated with 50 mg/L concentration of nanoparticles. Carotenoid contents significantly improved in the plants treated with silver nanoparticles. CO2 content and insoluble carbohydrate were higher in the control group compared with the other treatments. A number of effective flavonoids were assayed, including Rutin, Quercetin, and Apigenin which showed a significant difference compared with the control group in 10, 50, and 10 ppm treatments, respectively. The results of this study showed that silver nanoparticles stimulate antioxidant activity and increase the secondary metabolites (flavonoid content) of Viola tricolor L. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Effect of spermidine foliar application on some morphophysiological traits and secondary metabolites of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under drought stress
Sophia Soroori Elham Danaee Khodayar Hemmati Alireza Ladan MoghadamDrought stress is the most common abiotic stress that has the most negative effect on plant growth and production Polyamines are plant growth regulators that increase plant resistance to environmental stresses, including drought stress. The aim of this study was to inve MoreDrought stress is the most common abiotic stress that has the most negative effect on plant growth and production Polyamines are plant growth regulators that increase plant resistance to environmental stresses, including drought stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of spermidine on reducing the effects of drought stress on marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). For this purpose, foliar application of spermidine (0, 50, and 100 mg/l) was considered at different levels of drought stress (control, 25, 50, and 75% of field capacity) in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications in 2018 in a greenhouse located in northern Iran. The foliar application was applied at three stages with intervals of about 20 days including six visible leaves, complete tillering, and emergence of the first bud. Results showed that drought stress and foliar application of spermidine had a significant effect on the evaluated traits. The highest fresh and dry weight of shoots, number of flowers, and total chlorophyll contents were observed in the treatment with 75% of field capacity and spermidine 50 mg/l and the highest fresh and dry weight of roots and flowers on the plant were recorded in the treatment with 100% of field capacity and spermidine 100 mg/l. Also, the highest root length, plant height, total antioxidant activity (DPPH), rutin and quercetin were observed in the treatment with 75% of field capacity and spermidine 100 mg/l and the highest proline and polyphenol oxidase activity was observed in the treatment with 25% of field capacity. Therefore, according to the results of this study, foliar application of spermidine 100 mg/l with an irrigation level of 75% of field capacity is recommended for marigold. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - Evaluation of some physiological responses of three indigenous watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) accessions to drought stress
ali rouin amin baghizadeh mahmoud Roghami amin mousaviIn view of limitation of water resources in Iran, screening drought-tolerant watermelon genotypes and evaluate their response to drought stress conditions has been a research priority in country. In order to study the physiologic an agronomic response of indigenous acce MoreIn view of limitation of water resources in Iran, screening drought-tolerant watermelon genotypes and evaluate their response to drought stress conditions has been a research priority in country. In order to study the physiologic an agronomic response of indigenous accessions of Aliabad, Sistani and Torbat to water stress, a field study was carried out as a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement of treatments under three water regimes, 100, 70 and 40% of required water, representing non-stress, mild stress and severe stress treatments, respectively, at Jiroft region in the spring and summer of 2017 growing seasons. The highest fruit weight and yield were at 100 and 70% required water whereas the lowest was achieved at 40% treatment. There were no remarkable differences among accessions under non-stress and 70% required water treatments while Sistani accession showed a better physiological and agronomic yield in response to increase water stress level to 40% required water. The increase of water stress led to an increase of proline concentration and activity of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase and catalase in all accessions, as this increase was higher in Sistani in comparison to other accessions. Based on the results obtained from this research, it could be state that Sistani accession with maintaining its physiological and agronomic yield showed a better tolerant under adverse condition in compared to other accessions. The utilization of indigenous and tolerant watermelon genotypes in breeding programs and irrigation managements might help in overcoming water shortage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Seasonal and diurnal changes in photochemistry and antioxidant responses, and phenolic metabolism in evergreen Jasminum fruticans
ghader habibiIn this study, seasonal and diurnal changes in photosynthesis and phenolic metabolism in evergreen jasmin (Jasminum fruticans L.) were examined over a 12-month period. We found the differences in pigment and phenolic contents between the values determined during the aut MoreIn this study, seasonal and diurnal changes in photosynthesis and phenolic metabolism in evergreen jasmin (Jasminum fruticans L.) were examined over a 12-month period. We found the differences in pigment and phenolic contents between the values determined during the autumn and winter months and the values determined during the spring and summer months. During the autumn and winter months, the low seasonality of Chla was accompanied by increases in both carotenoids and phenol levels which play a major role in photoprotection processes. While the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) showed diurnal changes during the winter months, such diurnal changes were not observed for the other seasons. These diurnal changes reflected dynamic photoinhibition, as an adaptation mechanism, which may actually protect the leaves against photodamage under cold conditions. During the winter months, increased O–J phase (from the OJIP chlorophyll fluorescence curve) and decreased I–P phase in parallel with the reduction of Fv/Fm, revealed that the cold stress influenced both the donor and acceptor sides of PSII. Interestingly, we found the relationship between diurnal changes of Fv/Fm and those of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and catalase (CAT) activity during the winter months. Diurnal changes in CAT activity represented the differences between the values determined in warm and cold seasons. Compared with the diurnal changes during the spring and summer months, the maximum activity of CAT was observed at 15:00 h during the winter months, which indicated that CAT may play an effective role in protection of photosystems under a high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) during cold days. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Effect of sodium chloride on some of parameters Physiology, biochemical and expression two gene ADS and CYP71AV1 artemisinin biosynthetic pathway in A
Sara Salimian rizi Zahra Rezayatmand Monireh Ranjbar Nasrin Yazdanpanahi Zarrin dokht Emami- KarvaniSalinity stress is one of the important factors in decreasing the rate of growth and changing physiologic and metabolic processes of plants. In the present study to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological and biochemical performances and also gene exp MoreSalinity stress is one of the important factors in decreasing the rate of growth and changing physiologic and metabolic processes of plants. In the present study to investigate the effect of salinity stress on physiological and biochemical performances and also gene expressions of Artemisia absinthium plant, an experiment was conducted with three level of salinity (0, 75, and 15 Mmol NaCl) in a completely randomized design with three replications under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that salinity stress decreased the rate of growth parameters in the plants including shoot length, root length, wet shoot weight, wet root weight, dry shoot weight, and dry root weight. Also, salinity decreased the levels of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron ions while increasing sodium levels in the plants. Increased salinity stress increased levels of proline, malondialdehyde, phenolic compounds, and activities of some antioxidant enzymes while it led to protein reduction in the plants under study. The expression of CYP71AV1 and ADS genes reduced to minimum at 150 Mmol and 75 Mmol NaCl treatments, respectively leading to reduced level of artemisinin in the Artemisia absinthium plants. According to the findings of this study, it might be argued that in its attempt to confront salinity stress induced fromsodium chloride, Artemisia absinthium employs the system of increased level of antioxidant enzymes activity, osmotic potential regulators, and phenolic compounds. Also, decreased expression of ADS gene can be an effective factor in reducing artemisinin contents in Artemisia absinthium. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Effect of height and soil properties on some secondary metabolites of different organs of sweet violet (Viola odorata L.) in different natural habitats of Mazandaran province
Niloofar Zakaria Nejad Hossein Moradi Pourya Biparva Zahra MemarianiVarious environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountain MoreVarious environmental factors including altitude and soil properties affect the growth and production of plants in natural ecosystems. Sweet violet (Viola odoratata L.) is a gramineous and perennial plant of the Violaceae family and grows as a wildflower in the mountainous areas of northern Iran and some other regions of the country. This study was performed to compare the phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Viola odoratata L. shoot and root extracts in nine habitats of Mazandaran province in March 2020. To investigate the analysis, leaf, flower and root organs of the plant in the flowering stage were collected from nine habitats of Mazandaran province along with soil samples of these areas in March 2018. After collecting the root and shoot samples at the florescence stage and preparing methanolic extract through ultrasonic method, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively, the antioxidant activities were assayed by Diphenyl Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the anthocyanin contents of flowers were measured by Wagner method. According to the findings, phenolic contents of the flowers and leaves decreased and increased, respectively with increasing height, and percentage antioxidant activities of the flowers increased while the amount of flavonoids was not affected by the habitat altitude. Analysis of soil properties revealed that the anthocyanin contents of flowers increased under the effect of deficient absorbable phosphorus in habitat 3 (Firoozjah Babol) and habitat 6 (Mohammadabad Behshahr). Also in the study of secondary metabolites, Sweet violets in habitat 7 had 67.95% and 86.18% antioxidant activities in flowers and roots, respectively; leaf and root phenol contents of 142.32 mg/g and 55.21 mg/g, respectively, and 6.52 μmol/g flower anthocyanin, so it can be selected as the superior region, and samples from this region can be used as gene banks in sexual and asexual reproduction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - The effect of melatonin treatment on postharvest life of tomato (Solanum ycopersicum L.) by changing the content of antioxidant compounds
Parviz MalekzadehThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the exogenous application of melatonin treatment on the activity of enzymes and compounds effective in the shelf life of tomato fruit during storage. Melatonin has been implicated in various aspects of cell growth and develo MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the exogenous application of melatonin treatment on the activity of enzymes and compounds effective in the shelf life of tomato fruit during storage. Melatonin has been implicated in various aspects of cell growth and development and has recently been shown to play a role in protecting cells from biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, tomato fruit was immersed with 100 μM L-1 melatonin as a treatment and distilled water as a control group for 15 minutes, then kept at 4±°­C for 4 weeks. The results showed that melatonin treatment by reducing the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes was able to reduce the content of free radicals’ superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and thus the content of flavonoids, total phenol, vitamin C, and glucosinolate. These results showed that melatonin treatment can be effective by increasing the content of cell protective compounds and also by affecting the activity of antioxidant enzymes to increase the post-harvest life of tomato fruit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Investigation of the effect of silica spraying and salinity stress on some physiological traits of Camelina sativa oil plant
Ebrahim Fani Shokoofeh HajihashemiIn order to investigate the effects of salinity stress and foliar application of silica on Camelina sativa oil plant, a factorial study was carried out in the growth chamber of the laboratory of the Department of Biology, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology MoreIn order to investigate the effects of salinity stress and foliar application of silica on Camelina sativa oil plant, a factorial study was carried out in the growth chamber of the laboratory of the Department of Biology, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, in 3 replications based on a completely randomized block design. Treatments included salinity stress at two levels (0 and 100 mM NaCl) and potassium silicate solution at two levels (0 and 5 mM). The physiological and biochemical traits of Camelina sativa under salinity stress were evaluated along with the role of osmotic substances such as soluble sugar and soluble protein in reducing the harmful effects of salinity stress. Results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced the amount of chlorophyll a, b, and total in Camelina sativa, while silica treatment significantly reduced the harmful effects of salinity. Soluble sugar content of leaves in response to salinity stress was 46% lower than in the control plant. Salinity stress combined with silica increased the amount of soluble sugar 27% more than the control plant. Results also showed that in the treatment with silica under 100 mM salinity level, the amount of leaf proteins was almost 10% less than the control plants. The results of measuring the plant’s antioxidant capacity of FRAP showed that in response to silica treatment without salinity, no significant difference was observed in the amount of antioxidant capacity of FRAP, while in the combined treatment of salinity stress + silica it decreased by 9% compared with the control plants. The results of this study supports the beneficial role of silica as an environmentally friendly compound to increase plant resistance to salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - The effect of sulphate on amount of pigments photosynthesis and activity of catalase,peroxidase and nitrate reductase in leaf and root of canola (Brassica napus L. cv Hyola 401)
Maryam Niakan Mohammad hossain Mohammadi Vali ollah Rameah Abbas ali NouriniaIn this research, the effect of different amounts of ammonium sulphate as sulphate fertilizer in 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 Kg/ha under farm conditions on amount of chlorophyll a, b, carotene and xanthophyll and enzymes activity of catalase, peroxidase and nitrate reductase w MoreIn this research, the effect of different amounts of ammonium sulphate as sulphate fertilizer in 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 Kg/ha under farm conditions on amount of chlorophyll a, b, carotene and xanthophyll and enzymes activity of catalase, peroxidase and nitrate reductase were evaluated. The results showed that increasing of ammounium sulphate content were ncreased amount of chl a, b, carotene and xanthophyll in leaf of canola significantly. Peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities in root of treated plants increased with increasing of sulphate in soil, while the activity of catalase in two parts of canola (root and leaf) did not have any significantly changes at different contents of sulfur in soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Effect of aqueous extract of canola (Brassica napus L. cv RGS) on germination, growth and antioxidant enzymes activity in weed of Phallaris minor seedling
حسین LariYazdi مه لقا Ghorbanli میترا RoshaniAllelopathy is phenomenone that some of the plant species relase special chemical compounds and by this way inhibit germination and growth in other plants.Today using of allelopathic potential in plant is considering in order to control of weeds growth. It is said MoreAllelopathy is phenomenone that some of the plant species relase special chemical compounds and by this way inhibit germination and growth in other plants.Today using of allelopathic potential in plant is considering in order to control of weeds growth. It is said that allelochemical compounds may in lower concentrations cause stimulate of growth and in higher concentrations inhibit it.In this research effect of different concentrations of aqueous extract of canola (0,10,20,40,60,80%) on germination percentage, growth parameters and peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity in Phallaris minor seedling was evaluated. Results this research showed that canola extract in higher concentrations decreased germination percentage, length, fresh and dry weight in radicle and hypocotyl of Phallaris.Also activity of antioxidant enzymes as peroxidase and catalase in higher concentrations of extract decreased.Only in 20% concentration of canola extract germination ,fresh weight of radicle, hypocotyl length and dry weight hypocotyl in Phallaris increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Aluminum positive influences in reduction of copper toxic effects on nitrate reductase and antioxidant enzymes activities of Chlorella vulgaris Beijernick
آرین Sateei شادمان Shokravi نرگس NateghiChlorella vulgaris beijernick was grown in medium BG-11 with 5 concentrations of copper (10, 20, 30, 40, 50μM) without aluminum or with aluminum (300μM) and pH 7.1 for 10 days in 20 hours light and 4 hours darkness. In this study, the effect of different treatment MoreChlorella vulgaris beijernick was grown in medium BG-11 with 5 concentrations of copper (10, 20, 30, 40, 50μM) without aluminum or with aluminum (300μM) and pH 7.1 for 10 days in 20 hours light and 4 hours darkness. In this study, the effect of different treatments on the activity of peroxidase, catalase, Ascorbat peroxidase and superoxid dismotase and nitrate reductase, in vivo, was evaluated. Increase of copper concentration caused increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes. Catalase activity in the presence of aluminum in all copper treatments showed a significant reduction, but peroxidase and Ascorbat peroxidase activities in 20μM treatments decreased significantly when compared with control. The significant decrease in the activity of catalase, peroxidase and Ascorbat peroxidase activity, in 20μM copper with aluminum comparing with 20 μM copper without aluminum was also observed. Results also showed that the effect of different concentrations of copper without aluminum on nitrate reductase activity was not significant and most nitrate reductase activity in treatments with copper and aluminum was observed in 40μM that was significant when compared with 20μM treatment and was not significant when compared with other treatments or control. It is concluded that the presence of aluminum, by increasing some of antioxidant enzymes activities, lead to reduce of copper toxicity and algae growth increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Effect of salt, gibberellin and ascorbate on germination growth and anti oxidant system in Barely (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedling
مریم Niakan وحیده Rashidzadeh عباسعلی Norinia, AIn different stress such as salinity, strong oxidant as reactive oxygen species is produced that damages to membrane structure in plant. Different antioxidant as ascorbate scavenger them. Between hormone, gibberellic acid has different roles that depend to king of gibbe MoreIn different stress such as salinity, strong oxidant as reactive oxygen species is produced that damages to membrane structure in plant. Different antioxidant as ascorbate scavenger them. Between hormone, gibberellic acid has different roles that depend to king of gibberellin, density and plant space. In this research Hordeum (4222) treated to ascorbate (1mm), gibberellin (200 and 400ppm) and NaCl (150, 350mm) and the effect of them on germination percentage, radicle lenght and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase,poly phenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and phenolic compounds was evaluated. The result of this research showed that in present of NaCl germination decreased but in NaCl and Ascorbate and Gibberellin germination and radicle length increased significanty. Also in absence of ascorbate and gibberellin and present of NaCl activity of catalase, peroxidase decreased but activity of poly phenoloxidase and ascorbate peroxidase increased. Also NaCl cause decreased phenolic compounds in barley seedling but by increasing ascorbate and gibberellin the content of them increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - Study of ascorbate and NaCl interaction on germination, growth and enzymes antioxidant activity in Soybean (Glycine max L. cv DPX) seedling
آتنا Diansaii مریم Niakan آرین SateeiIn different stress such as salinity, strong oxidant as Reactive Oxygen Species is produced that damages to membrane structure in plant. Different antioxidant as ascorbate scavenger them. In this research Soybean (Glycine max L. cv DPX) in different concentrations of as MoreIn different stress such as salinity, strong oxidant as Reactive Oxygen Species is produced that damages to membrane structure in plant. Different antioxidant as ascorbate scavenger them. In this research Soybean (Glycine max L. cv DPX) in different concentrations of ascorbate (1,2mM) and NaCl (50mM) and the effect of them on germination percentage, radicle length and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and ascorbate peroxidase was evaluated. The results of this research showed that in absence of ascorbate and present of NaCl activity of enzymes increased but with increasing of ascorbate, activity of them decreased. Also in present of NaCl germination decreased but in NaCl and ascorbate germination increased significantly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Effect of pix (mepiquat chloride) on growth, amount of carbohydrate and antioxidant enzyme activity in cotton seedling
مریم Niakan, عبدالرشید Habibi مه لقا Ghorbanli,Cotton has non limitation growth and is sensitive to environmental changes and usually grows more than natural dimension. These non limitation growths not only cause serotine of product and quaility deacresing but also increase pests, disease and harvesing expenses in c MoreCotton has non limitation growth and is sensitive to environmental changes and usually grows more than natural dimension. These non limitation growths not only cause serotine of product and quaility deacresing but also increase pests, disease and harvesing expenses in cotton. Pix is one plant growth regulator that cause decrease vegetative growth in cotton.It acts as antigibberellin and inhibits synthesis this hormone. There are some researches about effect of pix on growth parameters of cotton but a little information's are about pix effects on biochemical reactions and antioxidant systems. In this research effect of different concentrations of pix includes 0 (control)10, 20, 30 and 40ppm on germination percentage, radicle length and Catalase peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in cotton seedling was evaluated. Our results showed that percentage of germination increased with increasing pix concentration. Lenght of radicle increased until 20 ppm and decreased in concentration 30 and 40 ppm of pix. Also with increasing of pix amount of soluble sugar increasd and starch content decreased Catalase activity decreased while polyphenol oxidase activity increased. Activity peroxidase also increased until 30ppm concentration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Study on the effect of extraction method on the quantity, quality, chemical composition and antioxidant nature of Ferulago angulata (Schlechat) Boiss. essential oil
Rohollah Jafarazad Bahareh Sadeghi Mohammad Hosein MosleminThe objective of the present study was to investigate the extraction of Ferulago angulate essential oil using the two methods of Clevenger-microwave and ultrasound, and to examine their effects on the quantity and quality of the essential oil of this medicinal plant. In MoreThe objective of the present study was to investigate the extraction of Ferulago angulate essential oil using the two methods of Clevenger-microwave and ultrasound, and to examine their effects on the quantity and quality of the essential oil of this medicinal plant. In the Clevenger-microwave method, the plant to water ratios of 1:10 and 1:20 and the microwave power of 330, 660 and 990 w (30,60 and 90%) were taken into account as the independent variables, while in the ultrasound method, the indirect ultrasound pretreatment (at 20 and 45°C) was considered as the affecting factors for the extraction of the essential oil of Ferulago angulate. In order to identify the chemical compounds, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed and the impact of other parameters, including the efficiency, specific gravity, color, refractive index and antioxidant power of the essential oil were also valuated. It was found out that application of microwave and the rise in its power led to a decrease in the extraction initial time as well as a reduction in the extraction completion time and the time needed for the extraction curve to get constant from 4 h to 1 h. β-phellandrene had the largest content (approximately 35%). Extraction time in the microwave treatment was significantly lower than that of Clevenger.Ultrasound pretreatment at various temperatures, utilization of the Clevenger-microwave extraction method at different microwave powers and the change in the plant to water ratio did not have considerable effects on the essential oil refractive index, antioxidant activity and specific gravity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Study of morphological diversity, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in different populations of Nepeta nuda and Nepeta crassifolia in habitats of Ardabil and East Azerbaijan provinces
Rasoul Narimani Mohammad Moghaddam Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbaloti Danial ShokouhiNepeta L., belongs to Lamiaceae family, is containing different annual and perennial species which are found in different parts of Asia, Europe and North Africa. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 6 MoreNepeta L., belongs to Lamiaceae family, is containing different annual and perennial species which are found in different parts of Asia, Europe and North Africa. In order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 6 populations of Nepeta nuda and Nepeta crassifolia, the aerial parts of these plants in flowering stages were collected in summer 2015 from Ardabil and east Azerbaijan provinces. The morphological traits included plant height, number of sub-branches, leaf length and width, number of nodes, inflorescence length, internode length and length of sub-branch were measured. Methanolic extract were obtained by maceration, phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalto method and antioxidant activity were measurement DPPH radical scavenging capacity method, respectively. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with 3 replications and the comparison of data average was done by LSD test at 5% probability level. Results were showed that the first population (Nepetacrassifolia - Razi) was superior in morphological characteristics compared to other populations of this species. The highest antioxidant activity (74.96%)and total phenolic content (9.88mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of fresh weight), was obtained from the leaves and flowers of population 3 (Heyran), respectively. Maximum plant height, leaf length and width, number of nodes were observed in population 6 (Meshkin) of Nepeta nuda and also the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content were perceived in leaves of population 5 (Heris) and flowers of population 4 (Meshkin-Heris), respectively. Generally the most total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between two species were observed in population 3 (Heyran) which is belong to the Nepeta crassifolia. It seems that the height of sea level had significant effect on populations phenolic content and antioxidant activity. So the populations of 1 and 6, which both species were desirable at evaluated morphological traits so that these populations can be considered in breeding and domestication programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Essential oil Screening and antioxidant activity of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. population in Ilam Province for Isolation of Promising Chemotypes
maryam Mohamad-Zarin Abaadi Mehdi Saidi Yahia MohamadiThis work carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activity of essential oils in different populations of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. In west of Iran. So the aerial parts of eight wild populations of this plant were collec MoreThis work carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activity of essential oils in different populations of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge. In west of Iran. So the aerial parts of eight wild populations of this plant were collected from different regions of Ilam, Gilane-Gharb provinces and one sample was collected in greenhouse of Ilam University, during 2010 and 2011. The essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation method, were analyzed by GC/MS and the antioxidant activity of them were measured by DPPH assay. The analysis were showed that the populations had significant differences regarding yield, phytochemical composition and their antioxidant activity. Maximum and minimum oil yield were recorded from Shalam and Greenhouse populations, respectively. The main components of plant oil were thymol (39.28-87.30%), p-cymene (0.15-30.63%), γ-terpinene (2.04-14.71%) and carvacrol (0-8.41%). The Shalam population had the highest phytochemical diversity and then the Shalam, Soregeh, KabirKooh and Ghalaarang populations were the most similar populations according to their phytochemical composition. Cluster analysis of populations, which using Ward Algorithm were divided them into three chemotypes. The highest and lowest total phenols contents were recorded in Ghalaarang (292.5±0.91 mg Pyrocatechol/ml) and Gerdakaan (194.04 ±1.08 mg Pyrocatechol/ml) population, respectively. The antioxidant activity of these populations varied from 59.1±0.9 to 73.8±0.45 % in Green house and Badreh, respectively .The Shalam population had the highest (IC50=0.67 mg/ml) in comparison with synthetic antioxidant BHT (0.11 mg/ml). In cluster B including populations of Soregah, Ghalaarang, Shalam, KabirKooh, Renou, and Badreh were remarked for further domestication processes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from some native medicinal species of Golestan province
sareh hatamzadeh kamran Rahnama saeed nasrollahnejad khalil-berdi fotohifar khodayar hemmati james whiteMedicinal plants are a very rich source of antioxidant compounds. Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, due to long-term coexistence with these plants produce plant secondary metabolites. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi isolated MoreMedicinal plants are a very rich source of antioxidant compounds. Endophytic fungi of medicinal plants, due to long-term coexistence with these plants produce plant secondary metabolites. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi isolated from 7 medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family includeing Matricaria chamomilla, Anthemis triumfetii, Anthemis parthenium, Anthemis altissima var. Altissima, Achillea millefolium, Achillea filipendulina, Cichorium intybus was investigated. The samplings were done from healthy plants and free of any diseases from most areas of Golestan province during 2016 spring. After morphological and molecular identification of endophytic fungi, the antioxidant property of 37 species of endophytic fungi was evaluated by DPPH free radicals metod. Based on the results, a significant difference of 99% was observed between the antioxidant properties of endophytic fungi. The lowest (32.1% ) and highest (98.8%) antioxidant activity were related to the Stemphylium amaranthi and Trametes versicolor fungi isolated from Anthemis triumfetii leaf and Achillea santolina stem tissues, respectively. In addition, the Schizophyllum commune with 98.8% antioxidant activity was placed in the same group with T. versicolor. The Cladioporium spp. such as Cladosporium cladosporioides and Cladosporium ramotenelum showed a high antioxidant activity of about 97%. Considering short-term production and the high growth rate of fungi, endophytes maybe a good choice for the production of antioxidant substances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - The combined effect of cold stress and polyamine supplement on some phytochemical parameters of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni.
Kamran Moradi Peynevandi Syed Mehdi Razvi Saber ZahriStevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoniis a perennial herb belongs to Asteraceae family. The plant has been cultivated in all over of the world for its sweetener compounds such as: steviol glycosides. In this study to evaluate the effects of cold stress (4ºC) combined MoreStevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoniis a perennial herb belongs to Asteraceae family. The plant has been cultivated in all over of the world for its sweetener compounds such as: steviol glycosides. In this study to evaluate the effects of cold stress (4ºC) combined with polyamine supplement on some phytochemical parameters an experiment was carried out in a randomized design with three replications. The phytochemical measurement were obtained by spectrophotometery methods consisted of Folinciocalteu method for tanins-phenols, aluminium chloride method for flavonoids, Anthon reagent for soluble sugars and spectrophotometer for anthocyanins and steviol glycosides. The treatments were conducted in six groups contained of cold and cold-polyamine treatments in 0, 48 and 96-hours of cold courses. The measurements were performed on the plant leaves at vegetative stage at Mohaghegh Ardabili University in May 2017. The results showed that the cold stress tends to a significant increase in all of measured parameters at p≤0.05. This increase was higher in the cold-polyamine treated plants than cold only treated groups of the plant. The results indicated that total soluble sugar and steviol glycosides were increased 233 and 35 percent, respectively, than control at 96-h cold combined with polyamine treatment. At same treatment, total flavonoid, anthocyanin, total phenol and tannin contents were increased up to 40, 100, 20 and 66 percentage than control, as well as. At the same plant group, the plant antioxidant potential was also elevated 20 percentage than control ones. It can be concluded thatcombined treatment of Stevia rebaudiana with cold and polyamine supplement can induced the secondary metabolite biosynthesis in the plant and hence might be tend to a considerably increasing in the plant pharmaceutical potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - Phytochemical, antioxidant and antidiabetic activity in aqueous extract of Trigonella foenumgraceum L.
Seed Mehrdad Kassaee Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi Nashim Hayati Rudbari Parecher YaghmaeiTrigonella foenumgraceum L. with variety of polyphenoles which has been used as an antioxidant and nutritive vegetable to treat of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of plant leave extract MoreTrigonella foenumgraceum L. with variety of polyphenoles which has been used as an antioxidant and nutritive vegetable to treat of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of plant leave extract. The leaves were collected from medicinal garden of Hamedan during August 2014. The aqueous extract was obtained by maceration. Total phenol and flavonoid content were determined by using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity were measured by using FRAP, ferric chelating activity, thiol and DPPH radical scavenging assay. The anti-diuretic properties, inhibition of fructose amine and advanced glycation end products formation and also albumin fragmentation by spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric and electrophoresis methods, respectively. The results were showed that the total phenol content (23.87mg GAE/g), total flavonoid (17.29 mgQUE/g), thiolgrou (p0.26 mmoleCYE/mg) and total antioxidant capacity (0.33mmole FeSO4E/mg). Ferric chelating ability and radical scavenging activities were both in a concentration-related manner. The aqueous extract of plant in high concentration could inhibit fructosam ineformation (70.9%) and also albumin fragmentation. Thus this extract can be used for prevention of plant -related complications of diabetes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Effects of jasmonic acid and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on process of changes of phytochemical and antioxidant in genotypes of Satureja hortensis L.
Azar Davari Mamoud Solouki Bahman Fazeli-NasabIn this research to evaluate the effect of sprying of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg/l) and jasmonic acid (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants As well as physiological traits 5 genotype of Satureja hortensis L. factori MoreIn this research to evaluate the effect of sprying of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (0, 30, 60 and 90 mg/l) and jasmonic acid (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants As well as physiological traits 5 genotype of Satureja hortensis L. factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments were conducted at four leaf stage on the aerial parts of the plants and then were harvested 48 hours after spraying. At first were extracted from shoots and then all traits; enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and physiological traits were measured by using a spectrophotometer. Analysis of variance showed that the interaction of spraying different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and jasmonic acid, catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, total protein, flavonoids, anthocyanins and total phenolics were significant at the 1% level. The highest catalase (0.0536 mg per gram of fresh weight) at doses of 30 mg per liter in Tabriz plant genotype nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and 150 mMjasmonic acid per liter;Most of ascorbate peroxidase (0.0514 mg per gram of fresh weight) in plant genotypes in concentrations of 60 mg per liter Ardestān nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and 50 mMjasmonic acid;Most peroxidase activity (0.000494 mg per gram of fresh weight) at a concentration of 60 mg per liter in genotype Savory Ardestān nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and 150 mMjasmonic acid; The highest polyphenol oxidase (0.0628 mg per gram of fresh weight) in Tabriz genotypes in treatments of 30 mg of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide and zero (control) M jasmonic acid was obtained.Savory population most effective physiological traits, Savory Rey, the antioxidant enzyme, Savory Ardestan and Tabriz and the non-enzymatic antioxidants (anthocyanins, phenols and flavonoids) Savory Mashhad. The results of this study showed that nano-titanium and jasmonic caused time and non-enzymatic antioxidant and physiological Savory is the most effective hormone levels nanoparticles of titanium, 30 ppm and jasmonic acid was 50 micro molar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Effect of Foliar Application of Abscisic Acid on Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Cannabis sativa under soil moisture conditions
hajar motamedi sharak خدایار همتی sara khorasani nejadTo study the effects of drought stress and Abscisic Acid (ABA) on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an experiment was conducted in a factorial based on a completely randomized design at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences a MoreTo study the effects of drought stress and Abscisic Acid (ABA) on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an experiment was conducted in a factorial based on a completely randomized design at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2017. The treatments included four levels of drought stress (55, 70, 85, and 100 F.C) and the foliar application of abscisic acid (0, 10, 20 and 30 ppm). At flowering stage, growth characteristics and morphology including stem diameter, fresh, and dry weight of shoot, fresh and dry weight of root, stem height, root length, leaf area, leaf number, seed number, flower number, total weight of seeds, number sub branch, sub-branch diameter, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content of root, antioxidant activity, amounts of proline, soluble sugars of root and abscisic acid of leaf were evaluated. ing the amount of leaf abscisic acid, number of branches and total sugars. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that water stress has negative effects on plant growth and spraying of the abscisic acid improves some traits in drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - The assessment of total phenol, flavonoid, resveratrol content, and antioxidant capacity of Vitis vinife L., Pistacia vera L., Sambucus nigra L. and Ilex spinigera Loes
ruhollah dastoor Davood Bakhshi Alireza AliakbarResveratrol is one of the most polyphenol with antioxidant capacity which has ability to inhibit or retard a wide variety of disease. Vitis vinife L., Pistacia vera L., Sambucus nigra L. and Ilex spinigera Loes. , which are abundant resveratrol sources in Iran. Therefor MoreResveratrol is one of the most polyphenol with antioxidant capacity which has ability to inhibit or retard a wide variety of disease. Vitis vinife L., Pistacia vera L., Sambucus nigra L. and Ilex spinigera Loes. , which are abundant resveratrol sources in Iran. Therefore the fruits of these plants in ripening stage were collected in 2015 from different regions of Iran and were extracted by maceration method. The total phenol, flavonoid, resveratrol content and antioxidant capacity were measured by using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, high performance liquid chromatography procedure (HPLC) and DPPH radical scavenging, respectively. The results were showed that the highest of total phenol and antioxidant capacity were observed in Sambucus nigra and Ilex spinigera, while the Vitis vinifera had the richest source of resveratrol (0/04±0.003 mg/g DW) and flavonoid, respectively. So in conclusion all of these plants could be a good natural antioxidant with the high resveratrol content in pharmaceutical industry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Effect of two irrigation methods and two types of fertilizers on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Rosa damascene Mill. extract
Reza Dehghani Bidgoli Zahra Abdolahpoor Maryam AkhbariPhenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins) are the most important natural antioxidants. Rosa damascene Mill. is one of the most natural medicine, which has been used in Iranian ancient and were cultivated traditionally in different parts of Iran. & MorePhenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanins) are the most important natural antioxidants. Rosa damascene Mill. is one of the most natural medicine, which has been used in Iranian ancient and were cultivated traditionally in different parts of Iran. The present study was conducted to investigate the quantitative and qualitative properties of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Rosa damascene Mill. under the influence of two types of fertilizers (livestock manure and fertilizer), as well as two irrigation methods (flushing and dripping) in Kashan university (2015). The total phenolic, flavonoidal, alkaloids, tannin contents and the antioxidant activity were measured by spectrophotometer and DPPH methods, respectively, then all data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 19 and analysis of variance. The results of the phytochemical test confirmed the presence of secondary compounds such as tannin, anthocyanin and flavonoids, and the absence of alkaloids in the extract of this species. Also, the total flavonoid content in the sample used for chemical fertilizer was slightly higher than the other samples. The Livestock manure and flood irrigation treatments showed the highest and lowest phenolic compounds respectively and drip irrigation treatment had the most antioxidant properties. The results of this research were showed that the irrigation and nutrition can be controlled the production, quantity and quality of secondary compounds in plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different parts of Ferula assafoetida L. from Semnan and Khorasan provinces
Morteza Mehrpour Bahareh Kashefi Mohammad MoghadamThis study was evaluated in phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Ferula assafoetida L. in Semnan and Khorasan-Razavi provinces. The plant samples were collected in May 2013, the total phenolic was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu, total flavonoid by Alumin MoreThis study was evaluated in phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Ferula assafoetida L. in Semnan and Khorasan-Razavi provinces. The plant samples were collected in May 2013, the total phenolic was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu, total flavonoid by Aluminium chloride , tannin contents by Folin- Denis and the antioxidant capacity were measured utilizing DPPH and FRAP methods. Results of variance analysis were showed that the highest total phenols content (1.014 and 2.8 mgGAE/1 g) was observed in leave extract of Khorasan and Semnan provinces, respectively. The maximum tannin contents (0.00194 mg/ml) was observed in stem and leave extracts of Khorasan and Semnan provinces .Also the highest antioxidant activity by DPPH method (1111.08 and 731.61 µg/ml) was observed in root extract of Khorasan province samples. The maximum antioxidant activity content were obtained in leave extract of Semnan by FRAP method (2.85 mg/ml). In general the highest content of total phenol and flavonoid was obtained in leave and root extracts of plants in Semnan province. But the root extract of Khorasan had the maximum antioxidant capacity (1111.08 µg/ml).Therefore it may be stated that Mojen region in Semnan province had higher antioxidant activity than Khorasan region. So the quality of antioxidant compounds of Ferula assafoetida L. was depending on variation of environmental factors and plant parts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - Survey of Phytochemical, antioxidant and optimization of extraction methods for the best method determination of curcumin extraction from ethanol extracts of Curcuma longa L.
samaneh Noori Alireza Kiasat Maryam Kolahi Roya Mirzahani Sid Mansur Seyyed NezhadAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), the medicinal plants are the best source to obtain a variety of drugs. Nowadays, thousands of plant metabolites are being successfully used for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), which h MoreAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), the medicinal plants are the best source to obtain a variety of drugs. Nowadays, thousands of plant metabolites are being successfully used for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), which holds the unique characteristics of the health sector worldwide known as a functional food ingredient. In the present study, an effective ingredient in turmeric rhizome (curcumin) was extracted with ethanol as a solvent by three methods: maceration, ultra-sonic and Soxhlet; then, the yield of extracts from the three methods were calculated. The HPLC technique was used to determine the amount of derived curcumin. Furthermore, the amount of curcuminoids was obtained by thin layer of Chromatography (TLC). The total phenolic content was measured by Folin-ciocalteu reagent and the antioxidant properties was evaluated by DPPH method. The highest extraction yield was obtained from Soxhlettechnique. The results from HPLC were showed that the maximum amount of curcumin was obtained from maceration method. The thin Layer of Chromatography confirmed the presence of curcuminoids in three methods of extraction. The highest phenolic content was reported from maceration method. And the most antioxidant properties were obtained via maceration and ultrasonic extraction method. The conclusions present the importance of determination extraction method to isolate curcumin as a bioactive compound and its importance that is widely used in the treatment of many diseases as well as new drugs synthesized; moreover, the maceration extract is in priority in the maximum amount of curcuminoid, antioxidant and phenolic content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Salvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. from Kerman province
syed Mohammad Ali Vakili ShahrbabakiSalvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. have been reported as an antioxidant, anti infection and anti inflammatory. In this study aerial parts of both of plants in blooming were collected in June 2014 (1700m) from their natural habitats in Kerman provinc MoreSalvia officinalis L. and Achillea millefoliom L. have been reported as an antioxidant, anti infection and anti inflammatory. In this study aerial parts of both of plants in blooming were collected in June 2014 (1700m) from their natural habitats in Kerman province. Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by GC/MS. Total phenol content was measured by Folin–Ciocalteau method and their antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH. Results were showed that the oil of Salvia officinalis L. had higher amount of phenolic compounds (1.8 mg E GA/ml) and antioxidant activity(99.48% radical scavenging). The camphor (33.6%), α-tujene (25.4%) and 1,8-cineole(13.8%) were the most components of S.officinalis L. essential oil, respectively and the 1,8-cineole (22.3%), carvacrol (15%) and γ-terpinene were the most components of A.millefolium L. These results were confirmed that the secondary metabolites of these plants possess antioxidant activity and could be used as a natural antioxidant ingredient in food and drug industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Total phenol, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of Gundelia tournefortii L. in different phenological stage and habitats of North East of khozestan province
Lila Khalasi Ahwazi gholm Alh Heshmati Parzhak Zofan Mousa AkbarlouGundelia tournefortii L. is an endemic valuable forag - medicinal plants, belongs to Asteraceae family. This study was evaluated to total phenol, flavonoide content and antioxidant activity of Gundelia tournefortii L. in different stages of growth from MoreGundelia tournefortii L. is an endemic valuable forag - medicinal plants, belongs to Asteraceae family. This study was evaluated to total phenol, flavonoide content and antioxidant activity of Gundelia tournefortii L. in different stages of growth from four habitats in north east of Khozestan province (900 m). The aerial parts of plant were collected from 4 natural habitats (Dare-Khorson, Shahzade Ahmad1, Shahzade Ahmad2 and Dehdez) in three stages: vegetative, flowering and seed dispersal. Total phenol (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) of methanol extracts were measured by spectrophotometry and antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals of DPPH and then were analyzed based on multivariate variance (MANOVA). Results were showed that in all habitats, plant parts and phenological stages of plant had significant effect on antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents of plant in 99 percent (P<0.01). The maximum amount of TP (56.9), TF (7.03 ) and antioxidant activity (0.19 ) were reported in Dare-Khorson region. Also in all regions the plant extract in blooming had higher content of TP, TF and antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Evaluation of total phenolic, flavenoeid content and antioxidant activity of Leaf and Fruit in 14 different genotypes of Ziziphus mauritiana L. in south of Iran
Bahman Fazeli nasab Alireza Sirousmehr Naser Mirzaei Morad SolimaniMedicinal plants uses and their active ingredients as natural anti microbial and antioxidant agents are interested recently, because they had high quality of flavonoid and terpenoid antioxidants get a great importance in the food and drug industries. In this research to MoreMedicinal plants uses and their active ingredients as natural anti microbial and antioxidant agents are interested recently, because they had high quality of flavonoid and terpenoid antioxidants get a great importance in the food and drug industries. In this research to purpose of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Ziziphus mauritiana L. the leaves and fruit of 14 wild-growing genotypes of plant were collected in 2016 from the southern regions of Iran (Jiroft, Rodan, Minab and Jask). Plant hydro alcoholic extract was obtained by maceration technique. Total phenol and flavonoid content were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and Aluminium chloride method, respectively and antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH method.The results were showed that the highest total phenol content (20.41 mg GAE / g dry extract) and the flavonoids (52.12 mgQEE / g dry extract) was belong to plant genotype of Rodan region (two). According to data the leaf extract of plant had more total phenol content and antioxidant activity with IC50= 88.08 µg/ml than fruit extract of plant especially in Rodan region (two). The plant organ and the habitat condition could have a significant effect on the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of plant extract. So due to high contents of phenol and flavonoid contents and optimal antioxidant activity of plant in Rodan and then Talar region respectively, Ziziphus mauritiana L. could be referred as an natural effective antioxidant get use a great importance in the food and drug industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - The study variation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. irrigated with magnetized saline water (Golestan province)
madeh Ahmadi, Azem Ghasemnezhad Ali Reza Sadeghi Mahoonak Abbas Rezaie AslStevia rebaudiana Bertoni. is one of the valuable medicinal plants, in which extremely used in pharmaceutical and nutritional industries as a sources of non-calories sugar. The present experiment was carried out investigation of phytochemical variation, resistance to sa MoreStevia rebaudiana Bertoni. is one of the valuable medicinal plants, in which extremely used in pharmaceutical and nutritional industries as a sources of non-calories sugar. The present experiment was carried out investigation of phytochemical variation, resistance to salinity and increasing the saline water usage efficiency using magnetic field. Experiment was evaluate by using four levels of salinity (0, 2, 4 and 6ds/m2) and three levels of magnetic fields (0, 3000 and 6000 G) as treatment in three replications. In September 2015 the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Were collected from the research field of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The total phenol content was measured by folin ciocalteu method, flavonoid content with aluminum chloride, antioxidant activity by DPPH methode and the total and reduced sugar content were measured by using Fehling methods. Results were showed that the salinity had significant influence on total phenol and flavonoid contents at 1% probability and by increasing the level of salinity the content of these compounds were decreased. The salinity did not have statistically significant effect on the other parameters like antioxidant activity, total sugar and reduced sugar. Although no significant effect of magnetic water was observed on these parameters, but the interaction effect of salinity and magnetic field on the antioxidant activity of extract and total sugar was significant. So according to present study, the stevia is sensitive to salinity of pre-treatments water with magnetic field in this case is not effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Essential oil composition and antioxidant optimization of Capparis spinosa L. fruit in Sistan region
Sedigheh Esmail Zadeh Bahabadi Shala NajafiCapparis spinosa L. has been used in traditional medicine of Sistan region to treatment of liver, spleen, anemia and weakness of body diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils and optimization of antioxidant activity o MoreCapparis spinosa L. has been used in traditional medicine of Sistan region to treatment of liver, spleen, anemia and weakness of body diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils and optimization of antioxidant activity of Capparis spinosa L. The fruits were harvested from Nik Mohammad, Hirmand region (Sistan and Balouchestan Province) in summer 2014. The essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The fruit extract was obtained through microwave method with three solvents (ethanol, methanol and water), extraction times, temperatures and powers of microwave. Then antioxidant capacity was studied by 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Essential oils analysis were showed that there were 33 compounds in fruit oil. Thymol (24%) and isothiocyanates (29%) were the most abundant of oil constituents. According to the results, the ethanol extract which obtained by microwave power 300 W, 15 min and temperature 85ºC was optimized treatment for height antioxidant activity. The conclusions were showed that the Capparis fruit extract can be used as the potential source of natural antioxidant to diseases treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - The evaluation of the absorption of some secondary metabolites (betulin, betulinic acid, phenol, flavonoids) and antioxidant activity of wood-inhabiting fungi on Betula pendula(L) Roth. in Golestan province
Jameleh Nazari, vahedeh Payamnoor Mohammad Reza Kavosi.Wood-inhabiting fungi are absorbing the food needs and secondary metabolites from their hosts and are a source of great medical and bio-active elements. This research was conducted for the first time on xylophillous macroscopic fungi of Birch tree species (Betula More.Wood-inhabiting fungi are absorbing the food needs and secondary metabolites from their hosts and are a source of great medical and bio-active elements. This research was conducted for the first time on xylophillous macroscopic fungi of Birch tree species (Betula pendula), located in Siyamarzkoh forests in Golestan province. The two secondary metabolites betulin and betulinic acid with valuable anti-cancer properties are synthesized in the various species of Birch bark. Due to the fact that the Birch species are under station in Iran and extracting the active compounds from the bark of this tree is the impossible, In order to achieve this objective, identification of macroscopic fungi which are inhabiting under the bark of this plant, measuring the ability to absorb the active ingredient of betulin and betulinic acid in the fungi detected by using HPLC and also assess the amount of phenols (Folin–Ciocalteurmethod), flavonoids(according to the method of Alcl3colorimetric) and antioxidant activity (by DPPH method) of fungi in different solvents, were conducted .The results showed that two species of fungi were identified including: Hyphodontia paradoxa and Stereum hirsutum that the both species had the ability to absorb the active ingredient from their hosts. The absorption rate of host secondary metabolite, antioxidant properties, phenols and flavonoids were significantly different at the level of 0.01 percent. Amount of total phenol, betulin and betulinic acid in the S. hirsutum had a significant advantage over other fungus. Between the two solvents (methanol and ethanol), there was no significant difference in the amount of phenol and antioxidant properties, while the amount of flavonoid that extracted with ethanol was more than methanol. Based on the results and the presence of secondary metabolites in fungal tissue, they could be introduced as a new source of natural drugs to the society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. fruits in different regions of Shahrood
esmaeil Babakhanzadeh Sajirani Seyyed Javad Mousavizadeh Khadegheh MozafariElaeagnus angustifolia L. is one of the most important medicinal fruits which had a lot of secondary metabolites such as phenols and flavonoid and has been used in traditional medicine. The presences of flavonoids, phenols and antioxidant properties have been reported i MoreElaeagnus angustifolia L. is one of the most important medicinal fruits which had a lot of secondary metabolites such as phenols and flavonoid and has been used in traditional medicine. The presences of flavonoids, phenols and antioxidant properties have been reported in fruits of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. In this research the ripe fruits of plant were collected from different regions of Shahrood (1000-1400m). The methanol extracts were obtained by maceration, total phenol and flavonoids contents were measured by spectrophotometery and antioxidant activities were analyzed by DPPH method. The results were showed that in higher region (1400m) the fruit extract of plant had the greatest amount of total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. So we observed that there is the correlation between altitude ot the region with quality and quantities of medicinal metabolites and antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Evaluation of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L. Collected from two sites in North Country
hadi koohsari hamide khormali ayeshe khormaliThis study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L., the aerial parts of plant were collected from two sites in Mazandaran province (Farahabad Sari and Pashakola Amol) during July to October 2015. T MoreThis study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Hypericum perforatum L., the aerial parts of plant were collected from two sites in Mazandaran province (Farahabad Sari and Pashakola Amol) during July to October 2015. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined by colorimetric method using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride respectively. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method and then the antibacterial activity was performed by agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extract were determined by broth micro dilution tube method. The results were showed that the total phenolic and flavonoid content and then the antioxidant capacity of plant from Sari region was more than in Amol region. The MIC values which obtained fromSari against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Shigella dysentery and E. coli were 12, 12, 190 and 390 µg/ml respectively, while these values from Amol were 24, 24, 780 and 1560 µg/ml respectively, which results were also confirmed in agar well diffusion method and then in conclusion the plant extract from Sari region had the highest content of secondary metabolites , antioxidant and antibacterial activity against tested bacteria and there is the direct correlation between phyto chemistry and their antioxidant and antibacterial activity of plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Evaluation of diversity in some phytochemical characteristics among flower extract of wild-growing populations of Rheum ribes L. in Iran
Ghader Ghasemi Mohammad Fattahi Abolfazl AlirezaluMedicinal plants uses and their active ingredients as natural antioxidant agents are interested recently. Rheum ribes L. with high flavonoid and proanthocyanin antioxidants get a great importance in the food and drug industries. In the present study the flowers of 13 wi MoreMedicinal plants uses and their active ingredients as natural antioxidant agents are interested recently. Rheum ribes L. with high flavonoid and proanthocyanin antioxidants get a great importance in the food and drug industries. In the present study the flowers of 13 wild-growing genotypes of Rheum ribes L. were evaluated phytochemically. Plant extract was obtained by ultrasonic technique. Total phenol and flavonoid content were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and Aluminium chloride method, respectively. The vitamin C content by titration with potassium iodide , soluble carbohydrate by anthrone reagent and spectrophotometer method, tannin by vanillin reagent and spectrophotometer method, total carotenoid, chlorophyll a and b content by Lichtenthaler method and antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP methods .The highest amount of total phenols and flavonoids (110.53 GAE/g DW and 1.49 mg Qu. g-1 DW) were recorded in G8 and G9, respectively. Also the lowest content of flower phenols (9.80 GAE/g DW) and flavonoids (0.33 mg Qu. g-1 DW) were obtained in G13 sample. Highest antioxidant activity based on DPPH and FRAP bioassays were recorded in G1 (94.75 %) and G8 (59.86 µmol Fe++ /g DW) and lowest were obtained in G13 and G4 with the 68.17 % and 7.42µ mol Fe++ /gDW, respectively. The conclusion based on the different genotypes of Rheum ribes L. are natural sources of antioxidant, among the studied genotypes, G1, G8 and G9 with high levels of active compounds and antioxidants advisable to use in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activities in Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss, Rhazya stricta L., Salvadora persica L., Teucrium polium L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L. from Sistan and Baluchestan province
Omid Azizian Shermeh Moharam Valizadeh Ali Qasemi Ahmad Mehraban Afsaneh Kamali deljooThis present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous) in five different species of medicinal plants: P MoreThis present study is carried out to evaluate the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three extracts (methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous) in five different species of medicinal plants: Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss., Rhazya stricta L., Salvadora persica L., Teucrium polium L., and Hibiscus sabdariffa L.. These samples were collected in different regions from Sistan and Baluchestan, 2014.The plant extracts were obtained by maceration method, phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum Chloride colorimetric, antioxidant activities were studied by two methods (DPPH and FRAP) and then antimicrobial activities were estimated by Disk-Diffusion method against four bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The results were showed that in all species, the methanolic extract had high amount of secondary compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. had maximum total phenolic (32.54±6.44 mgGAE/g) , flavonoid contents(27.11±1.00mgQUE/g) and antioxidant activity, (IC50=17.34±1.21µg/ml, 55.19±2.27 mM Fe2+/mg) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone (27±1.00mm) was the most sensitive bacteria to plant extracts. In contrast, the aqueous extract of Teucrium polium L. had the minimum value of total phenolic , flavonoid contents , antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity .Overall, these plants could be a good candidate for the treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress and pathogenic microbes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Evaluation of total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, anti-pain and anti-inflammatory of Ocimum basillicum var. purpurescens in comparison with opioid drug (morphine) in male rats
Solmaz Fakhari Isa bilejani Arash Khaki Asghar Rajabzadeh Masoumeh MazandaraniThis study was carried out to evaluate the total flavonoide, phenols, antioxidant, anti-pain and anti-inflammatory in different extracts of Ocimum ebasillicum var. purpurescens in comparison with opioid drug (morphine) in male rats. The male Wistar rats with 250± MoreThis study was carried out to evaluate the total flavonoide, phenols, antioxidant, anti-pain and anti-inflammatory in different extracts of Ocimum ebasillicum var. purpurescens in comparison with opioid drug (morphine) in male rats. The male Wistar rats with 250±10 g weighing was used and randomly divided to five groups. Group I (treated by 0.1mg/kg acetic acid, II-IV (treated by 0.7, 0.9 and 1 mg/kgof plantextract) , V (treated by 0.1 mg/kg morphine) and evaluated by Writhing test. The total phenol and flavonoids content was evaluated by follin-ciocalteus reagent, Ammonium chloride, the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method and serum levels of PGE2 and SOD activity measured by ELISA Kits. According to results, the ethanol extract of plant had more content of secondary metabolites with total phenol (288.3±51.5 mg EGA/g) content, flavonoide content (154.7±1.04mg EGU/g) and the highest ability of free radicals scavenging (79.4±4.1%). There was a significant correlation between phenol- flavonoid ingredients to antioxidant activity rate and free radicals scavenging of plant (P<0.05, r<0.9) extract. High dosages of plant extract could be decreased chronic pains, in addition, serum level of PGE2 has been showed a significantly decreasing in groups treated by Ocimum basilicum extract and morphine in compared to untreated group. The serum SOD of treated groups (plant extract) was observed near to morphine group (P<0.05). Anti-inflammatory and anti-pain effects of this plant statically were observed next to morphine. It is found that steadily consumption of herbal usage, as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, could be medicated to inflammatory treatment and long-term pains instead of opioid drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Effect of altitude and different phonological stages on essential composition and antioxidant activity of Ferula angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss from Dena altitudes
Bahman Hosseini Hamedeh Nikhkhah Amirabad Mohammad Fattah Yort GostaFerula angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss. is belongs to Apiaceae family, due to presence of major monoterpenes such as α-pinene and β-pinene are widely used in perfume and pharmacological industries. In order to evaluation of essential oil variation of pl MoreFerula angulata (Schltdl.) Boiss. is belongs to Apiaceae family, due to presence of major monoterpenes such as α-pinene and β-pinene are widely used in perfume and pharmacological industries. In order to evaluation of essential oil variation of plant, the samples were collected in different stages (vegetative, flowering and seeding) from 2500, 3000 and 3500 m above sea level. The essential oils were extracted with water distillation method and were analyzed by using GC and GC/MS and the antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method. Results were showed that in high altitude at fruit set stage, the content of estragole (33.43%), thujone (21.19%), cis-β-Ocimene (15.91%) terpinen-4-ol (14.49 %) and β-pinene (12.69%) were increased. The amount of estragole at various growing stage and at 2500 m altitude was 0 - 33.4 %. Thujone was found only at 2500 m altitude (2.67-21.19%). cis-β-ocimene at various growing stage and at different altitudes were found (2.92-15.91%). Result demonstrated that the plant had the highest antioxidant activity in 2500 -3000m altitude, especially in flowering stage. It can be concluded that the highest essential oil in Ferulago angulata obtained at flowering stage in high level of altitude. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - The effect of different solvents on total phenolic, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of different organs of Momordica charantia L. cultured in Sistan region
forough Firoozkouhi ُSedegheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi zeynab mohkami foroogh yousefzaeiAntioxidants metabolites which are protect the body against damage caused by free radical activity. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, which have a high antioxidant power. Karela (Momordica charantia L.) is an herb belonging to Cucurbitace MoreAntioxidants metabolites which are protect the body against damage caused by free radical activity. Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites in medicinal plants, which have a high antioxidant power. Karela (Momordica charantia L.) is an herb belonging to Cucurbitaceae family, consisted of phenolic compounds which can act as antioxidant. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different solvents (methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, hexane and chloroform) on total phenolic, flavonoids content and antioxidant activities of Karela in Sistan region in 2016. Different extracts of plant parts ( Root, leaves and fruit) were obtained by different solvents by maceration method. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured by Folin–Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity of extracts were determined by using Diphenyl Picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The results were showed that the highest phenolic content was observed in fruit and leaf methanol extract (36.96±1.33 and 33.01±3.03 mg gallic acid/g DW respectively) and the least amount of phenol was extracted by ethyl acetate, hexane and chloroform which was less than 1 mg/g DW. The highest flavonoid content was observed in leaf acetone and methanol extract (10.95±1/97 and 10.03±2.2 mg quercitin/g DW respectively). Fruit methanol extract showed higher antioxidant activity than other extracts in three methods. Based on results of this research, Karela fruit can be suggested as useful source of natural antioxidants Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Evaluation of diversity in some phytochemical characteristics in leaf extract among some genotypes of Berberis species in North West of iran
naser gholizadeh Bahman Hosseini abolfazl AlirezaluAbstract In this study the leaves of 28 genotypes of Berberis were collected in May 2016 from North West of Iran. The samples were extracted by ultrasonic technique, total phenol, flavonoid, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid were measured by folin ciocalteu, aluminum chlo MoreAbstract In this study the leaves of 28 genotypes of Berberis were collected in May 2016 from North West of Iran. The samples were extracted by ultrasonic technique, total phenol, flavonoid, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid were measured by folin ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and Litchenthaler method, respectively. The antioxidant capacity were evaluated differently by using FRAP and DPPH methods. The results were showed that the highest and the lowest total phenol content, were observed respectively, in genotypes Z8 and Z19 (75.96 - 13.59 mg GAE / gram dry weight), respectively. The highest and the lowest total flavonoid were respectively in genotypes Z20 and Z19 (14.99 - 2.10 mg / 100 grams of dry matter). The highest of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid were observed in genotypes Z3, Z26, Z8 respectively (26.32 - 5.37 and 18.86 mg dry matter). The highest antioxidant activity in DPPH was observed in Z6 genotype (92.30%) and in FRAP method with 4.14 µmol of iron per gram of dry matter was reported in Z8 genotype, respectively. According to these results it was found that the antioxidant activity correlated with total phenol and flavonoid contents and can be used these genotypes as a good natural antioxidant in pharmaceutical industry's. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of essential oil in root of Achillea millefolium, Achillea biebersteinii in natural regions of Gilan province
Farshid Rezaei Rashid JameiIn recent years, some reports have been presented about the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some root essential oils of Achillea species. This research carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activ MoreIn recent years, some reports have been presented about the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some root essential oils of Achillea species. This research carried out in order to evaluating of oil yield, phytochemical variation and antioxidant activity of root essential oils of Achillea millefolium L. and Achillea biebersteinii Afan. These plants were collected in June 2016 from Dogaheh region of Rudbar (1700 m) in Gilan province. The essential oils were obtained by water distillation method (Clevenger apparatus) and were analyzed by (GC/MS) .The phenolic contents were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),total phenols and flavonoids were determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils was also evaluated by 1, 1 -diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique. The findings showed that the main compounds of the A. millefolium essential oil include :β-thujone (18.83%), δ-cadinene (16.87%) and boneol (14.51%), whereas the most abundant compounds in the A. biebersteiniioil were 1,8-cineol (28.82%), p-cimene (15.12%) and camphor (8.34%). According to results, although the total flavonoid content in Achilleamillefolium (54.75 mg/ml oil) was lower than A.biebersteinii (72.33 mg/ml oil), it had the highest antioxidant activity (74%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - The study and comparison of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of various extracts of Dracocephalum moldavica L.in Sistan and Baluchestan province
monireh mehrabi norolla hazeri Jafar Valizadeh Moharam ValizadehDracocephalum moldavica L. is an annual herb belongs to Lamiaceae family, which has been used to treat of gastrointestinal, liver disorders and headaches.In this study, flowering branches of plant were collected from the greenhouse of the university of Sistan and Baluch MoreDracocephalum moldavica L. is an annual herb belongs to Lamiaceae family, which has been used to treat of gastrointestinal, liver disorders and headaches.In this study, flowering branches of plant were collected from the greenhouse of the university of Sistan and Baluchestan in March 2016. The methanol, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of plant were obtained by using maceration method. The amount of total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods and the antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined by FRAP and DPPH methods. The results were showed that the phenolic and flavonoid contents different of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts were (82.10, 71.8and33.65 mg GAE/g) and (34.02, 28.8and1.02mg QUE/g), respectively. In the evaluation of antioxidant activity by DPPH, the inhibitory power of methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts were (11.60, 34.93 and 298.96 μg/ml) respectively, and (14.23, 8.20 and 1.01 mM Fe2+/ mg) respectively, sample in FRAP assay. The methanol extract of plant had the greatest content of phenolic (82.10 mg GAE / g), flavonoids (34.02 mg QUE/g) and anthocyanin(113.55μg/g) and antioxidant activity compared to ethanol and aqueous extracts, especially it also had the greatest DPPH inhibitory power (IC50= 11.60 μg/ml). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - Phytochemical diversity and antioxidant activity in different Salvia species in West Azerbaijan province
parinaz Jaffarpour Alireza Farokhzad, Abollfazel Alirezalou Fatemeh Najad HabibVash,Salvia L. is one of the most important members of the Lamiaceae family. Since ancient times, sage has been considered for many medicinal properties.The objective of this research was to determine the phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of eighteen Sal MoreSalvia L. is one of the most important members of the Lamiaceae family. Since ancient times, sage has been considered for many medicinal properties.The objective of this research was to determine the phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of eighteen Salvia species collected from various regions of West Azerbaijan province. In this study total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total carotenoid and chlorophyll and antioxidant capacity were determined by using Folin–Ciocalteu assays, aluminum chloride method, Lichtentaler method and DPPH assay, respectively. The results showed that species type has significant effect on phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity (p<0.01). The highest (39.18 mg GAE/g DW) and lowest (1.09 mg GAE/g DW) total phenolic content were in S. verticillata and S. syluestris species respectively. The highest total flavonoid content (1.71 mg/g DW) were recorded in S. hydrangea and the highest total carotenoid content (16.9 4 mg/g DW), chlorophyll a (26.42 mg/100g DW) and chlorophyll b (80.1 mg/100g DW) were observed in S. multicaulis, S. verticillataand S. officinalis species respectively. The highest (89.46 %) and lowest (4.6 %) antioxidant activity were in S. hydrangea and S. syluestris, respectively. Cluster analysis using Ward's method divided all species to three main categories based on their antioxidant and phytochemical properties. These results were showed that different species of Salvia such as S. bracteata, S. officinalis minimus and S. verticillata especially S. hydrangea have valuable medicinal properties. With supplementary studies, it is possible to use these species and their bioactive compounds in plant breeding programs and pharmaceutical industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - Investigation of antioxidant, anti-bacterial properties and binding to human serum albumin in the Cressa cretica L. grown in the Sistan region
Somaye Shahraki Tahereh ShahrakiCressa cretica L., due to producing of some various compounds, which could be used as a source of many herbal medicines. The present research were studied in antioxidant, antibacterial properties and the ability of interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) of Cressa cr MoreCressa cretica L., due to producing of some various compounds, which could be used as a source of many herbal medicines. The present research were studied in antioxidant, antibacterial properties and the ability of interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) of Cressa cretica L. So the leaves of the plant were collected in vegetative stage from Sistan in 2015. Three kinds of extraction such as aquatic, methanolic and ethanolic extracts were obtained by using maceration method. The antioxidant activity were measured by DPPH method. The interaction of ethanolic extraction with HSA was performed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The Anti-bacterial properties of extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli were investigated by MIC and MBC methods. The results were showed that the lowest and highest extraction efficiency were related to the aquatic and ethanolic, respectively. The ethanolic extract had the highest antioxidant activity in inhibition percentage of DPPH than other extracts (56, 38 and 34%) respectively. Study of the interaction with HSA demonstrated the changes in protein secondary structure and the binding constant in that obtained 0.49 × 102 ppm-1.This plant showed acceptable bactericidal activity and MIC values were higher than the MBC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - The study of salinity stress influence on some morphological, biochemical and antioxidant responses of Securigera securidaca L.
Fateme Mirvakili Asghar Mosleh Arani Mohammad Reza Sarafraz Ardakani Hamid Sodaei-ZadehIn this research in order to study of stress influence(4, 8 and 12 ds/m of NaCl ) on some morphological, biochemical and antioxidantactivity of Securigera securidaca L. based on a randomized complete design with three replications, the seeds of plant were provided MoreIn this research in order to study of stress influence(4, 8 and 12 ds/m of NaCl ) on some morphological, biochemical and antioxidantactivity of Securigera securidaca L. based on a randomized complete design with three replications, the seeds of plant were provided from Esfahan Pakan Bazr Institute and were grown in growth chamber located in Yazd University during September, 2014. Biochemical and antioxidant traits were measured spectrophotometrically. Results were showed that some morphological traits significantly decreased when salinity were increased. The pigments content were not significantly affected by different levels of salinity. Proline, total soluble sugar, flavonoid and anthocyanin content significantly increased in highest level of salinity in compared with other salinity and control treatments. Malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased in salinity of 12 ds/m while the most significant activity of DPPH scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) enzymes were showed in salinity of 8 ds/m. in concluded, due to non-significant changes of morphological, biochemical and antioxidant traits in salinity of 4 ds/m especially, it may be suggested that Securiger securidaca L. is a semi-tolerant genotype under salt stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - Eco phytochemical, Ethnopharmacology, Antioxidant and anti bacterial activity in different extracts of Melilotus officinalis L. from Chaharbagh mountainous region- Semnan province
Gelareh Borhani Masoumeh Mazandarani Hossein AbbaspourMelilotus officinalis L. is belongs to Fabaceae family, which has been used as a tonic, anti carminative, anti infection, anti diabetes and externally as a poultice for pains and ulcer wound. In many field observation the most ecological requirenments of M.officina MoreMelilotus officinalis L. is belongs to Fabaceae family, which has been used as a tonic, anti carminative, anti infection, anti diabetes and externally as a poultice for pains and ulcer wound. In many field observation the most ecological requirenments of M.officinalis L. and important experiences about traditional uses of this plant were obtained from rural healers. Different parts of plant (aerial parts in flowering stage, stem and root ) were collected from Charbagh Mountain (2300 msl) in May 2016. The ethanol and water extracts of plant parts were obtained by maceration method, Total phenol (TP) and flavonoid (TF) were estimated by spectrophotometry. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated in vitro by the method of trapping the free radical DPPH, TAC and RP assay. The antibacterial activity were obtained in vitro by using disc diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay . According to the results aerial parts of this plant which has been used in this region as an anti infection, anti inflammation and tonic to treat of diabetes and arthritis. phytochemical tests were showed that the ethanole extract of flowers had the highest total phenols concentration(38.08±o.13 mgGA/g), total flavonoids (62.04 ±0.01 mgQU/g) and antioxidant activity especially in DPPH radical scavenging with IC50=10.61±0.81µg/ml, in compare of BHA and BHT. The ethanole extract of flowers in 2300 m were showed the highest antimicrobial activity, especially against Staphylococus aureus, S.epidermaidis , Bacillus cereus and Entrococus faecalis L., respectively. In conclusion, there is the strong positive correlation between influence of extraction, plant parts on phytochemistry, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of M. officinalis L. and indicated that the ethanol exctract of flowers exhibited the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. So it can be used potentially as a good source of natural antioxidant . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - Evaluation of diversity in some morphological characteristics and essential oil antioxidant activity among of wild-growing populations of Golpar Heracleum persicum Desf. ex Fischer، from Northwest of Iran
maryam rezapour Mohammad FattahiHeracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer. Is belongs to Apiaceae family, which has been used as a spice and food flavor, pickles agent and anti-worm, carminative, appetizer, and diuretic properties in Iranian traditional medicine. Morphological variation among eight wild-gro MoreHeracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer. Is belongs to Apiaceae family, which has been used as a spice and food flavor, pickles agent and anti-worm, carminative, appetizer, and diuretic properties in Iranian traditional medicine. Morphological variation among eight wild-growing populations of Heracleum persicum including Ahar, Kalibar, Marmishou, Silvana, Gardane hairan, Asalem, Aynalou, Meshkinshahr were studied in west North of Iran. In present work, 16 traits of this plant were applied for classifying samples by means of cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover phytochemical indices including essential oil (EO) % and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP methods) were evaluated. The seed essential oil was obtained by water distillation (Clevenger apparatus), based on cluster analysis populations and were categorized in three groups. The results were showed that the highest and lowest percentage of essential oils was recorded in Aynalou and Meshkinshahr (5.8%) and Silvana (3 %) respectively. Also, the Maximum and the lowest antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP was belonged to Meshkinshahr and Gardaneheiran with 67.09% and 58.98 (µmol Fe++ /g DW) and Aynaloo and Asalem with 47.30 % and 15.52 (µmol Fe++ /g DW) respectively. Considering that the Meshkinshahr population with the highest antioxidant activity, maximum number of umbel and essential oil percentage, it was introduced as the elite genotype for priority projects of breeding and alsoas medicinally valuable source to local market consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - Comparative evaluation of phenolic and Flavonoids compounds, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Artemisia annua L, Thymus vulgaris L, Matricaria chamomilla L, Salvia officinalis L. and Pistacia atlantica var mutica
Auob mazaraie leila fahmidehThis study was investigated the relationship between the number of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of extracts of some medicinal plants. Aerial parts of plants in blooming of Artemisia annua (from Saravan City), Thymus vulgaris (from the M MoreThis study was investigated the relationship between the number of phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of extracts of some medicinal plants. Aerial parts of plants in blooming of Artemisia annua (from Saravan City), Thymus vulgaris (from the Medicinal plants farm of Zabol University), Matricaria chamomill (from Farashband City), Salvia officinalis (from the Medicinal plants farm of Zabol University) and Fruit of Pistacia atlantica (from Saravan City) were collected from farms and habitats of Sistan and Baloochestan and Fars province in 2016. The plant extracts were obtained by maceration method, phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum Chloride colorimetric, antioxidant activities were studied by method DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and then antimicrobial activities were estimated by Disk-Diffusion method against two bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The plant extract of Artemisia annua and Thymus vulgaris respectively had maximum total phenolic (22.36 mg/g DW) and flavonoid contents(142.59 mg/g DW) and antioxidant activity, (72.01 µg/ml and 70.75 µg/ml) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively with inhibition zone (15.1 and 16.8 mm ) was the most sensitive bacteria to plant extracts. Generally, the methanolic extract of the plants demonstrated different levels of antioxidant activity; in addition, the best antioxidant activity was related to Artemisia. Hence, it can be argued that these extracts of herb, instead of chemical drugs, can be used to treat infections. Furthermore, before using them all their side effects should be carefully investigated in in vitro accompanied by in vivo studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Study the effect of intercropping and chemical fertilizers on essential oil, phenolic and flavonoid contents and some biological properties of hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.)
Farhad Habibzadeh Behvar AsghariIn order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) production, an investigation was conducted in the research farm of Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran, in 2016. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment b MoreIn order to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers in hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) production, an investigation was conducted in the research farm of Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran, in 2016. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The experimental factors consisted of different planting patterns (factor A) on two levels including sole culture of hyssop and additive intercropping of 100% hyssop + 50% lentil and application of chemical fertilizers (factor B) on two levels including non-application and application of NPK. Essential oil (distillation with clevenger), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, extract of plant (maceration method), phenolic and flavonoid contents (colorimetric method), DPPH radical scavenging and total antioxidant activity of vegetative parts of the plant at the beginning of flowering stage were evaluated. The results exhibited that all the traits, except for extract content, were significantly affected by the treatments. Oil yield, phenolic and flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant activity were significantly stronger in intercropping + fertilizer application compared to the other treatments. In the other hand, intercropping enhanced the phenolic and flavonoid compounds, essential oil and extract yield of hyssop. Secondary metabolites, such as phenolic, flavonoid, and essential oil, are the defense system of plant, which were increased by competition between hyssop and lentil (as a stressor). Antioxidant properties also increased due to the increase in phenolic and flavonoids content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - Study and comparison of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the native populations of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) Iran
ghasem eghlima mohsen sanikhani Azizollah Kheiry javad hadian mitra aelaeiGlycyrrhiza glabra L. is a family of Legominos, herbaceous, perennial and Iran is one of the countries exporting its root. This plant grows in different regions of Iran, hence the study of phytochemical diversity in different regions is important. This study was carried MoreGlycyrrhiza glabra L. is a family of Legominos, herbaceous, perennial and Iran is one of the countries exporting its root. This plant grows in different regions of Iran, hence the study of phytochemical diversity in different regions is important. This study was carried out to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of 2 cm diameter roots of licorice populations in 15 provinces and 30 regions of Iran in 2017 in October and were transferred to the laboratories of the Department of Horticulture of Zanjan University. Total phenol (Folin–Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid (Aluminum Chloride method), anthocyanin (pH difference method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH method) were studied. The results of analysis of variance of data showed that among 30 populations, for all traits, there was a significant difference in the level of one percent. Total phenol traits ranging from 456.05 to 826 mg gallic acid per 100 g, total flavonoid between 1909.25 to 292.62 mg of quercetin per 100 g, anthocyanin levels ranging from 6.89 to 26.24 mg cyanidine-3-glucoside in Liter, the antioxidant activity varied between 62.07% and 87.14%. There was a significant and positive correlation between phenol total phenotype and antioxidant activity at 1% level, but there was no significant correlation with total flavonoid, anthocyanin and height. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 30 G. glabra were divided into two main groups. The evaluation of populations in terms of phytochemical traits showed a high variation that N, KA, BA, T, E, Y, M, MR, and SB populations Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Biochemical variation of phenolic and anthocyanin contents occurrence in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit juices among 25 genotypes of pomegranate cultivar "Malas"
Seyed Abbas Mirjalili mehdi ghabooli elahe Poorazizi mitra aghajaniPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a native plant of Iran which cultivated throughout the country. Various metabolites and bioactive compounds have been reported from it. The plant has highly antioxidant potentials and possesses considerable phenolic ingredients. In or MorePomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a native plant of Iran which cultivated throughout the country. Various metabolites and bioactive compounds have been reported from it. The plant has highly antioxidant potentials and possesses considerable phenolic ingredients. In order to study physico-chemical properties and qualitative attributes of pomegranate fruit juices in 25 genotypes of cultivar Malas, as the most famous Iranian cultivar, the experiment was accomplished in Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute in Isfahan at October 2015. The fruits harvested from Pomegranate Genotypes Genetic Resources of Iran in yazd. Anthocyanin, polyphenol contents (by Folin-Ciocalteu), antioxidant capacity (by DPPH), total soluble solids and total acidity as the biochemical traits and taste, aril color, peel color, quality of aril color and aril quality as the qualitative characteristics were measured. Results showed that the highest acidity found in Malas Zoodras Kan and total soluble solids in Malas Naalout Baneh (18.53 Brix). Malas Nar Poost Ghermez Marivan had maximum antioxidant capacity. Malas Daneh Siah Bafgh and Malas Larz Galoubarik Ardestan had the highest contents of anthocyanin and polyphenols, respectively. Study of simple correlation among the attributes had no significant differences. According to the same conditions subjected to all plants in the collection, it concluded the premier genotypes could be used as applied purposes such as pomegranate anthocyanin production and/or high antioxidant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - Variability in morphological traits, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in different populations of three specie of Prangos spp. collected from habitats of Fars and Kohklouye va Boyerahmad provinces
Peyman Azarkish Mohammad Moghaddam Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Fatimah KhakdanIn order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 18 populations of Prangos acaulis, Prangos platychloena and Prangos ferulacea, the aerial parts of plants at flowering stages were collected from Fars and Kohklouye MoreIn order to evaluate the morphological diversity, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between 18 populations of Prangos acaulis, Prangos platychloena and Prangos ferulacea, the aerial parts of plants at flowering stages were collected from Fars and Kohklouye va Boyerahmad provinces. To investigate the morphological traits, 10 plants selected in each habitat and 15 quantitative, 39 qualitative morphological and 8 habitats properties traits for each populations were investigated. Total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalto and antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging capacity method were measurement. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design and the comparison of data average was done by Duncan test at 1% probability level. The results showed that there was great diversity among populations. Cluster analysis divided populations into three groups. Results showed that population 14 from Prangos acaulis was superior in morphological characteristics compared to other populations of this species. The highest antioxidant activity (93.05%) and total phenolic content (8.84 mg GAE/g FW), was obtained from the populations 14 and 8, respectively. Also the highest antioxidant activity (92.72%) and total phenolic content (10.25 mg GAE/g FW)) in Prangos platychloena were obtained from populations 7 and 15, respectively. Generally the most total phenolic content and antioxidant activity between three species were observed in population 18 which is belong to the Prangos ferulacea. So the populations of 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 13 among three species studied were desirable at evaluated morphological traits so that these populations can be considered in breeding and domestication programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - Evaluation of the Effect of Different Drying Methods on Antioxidant and Phytochemical Activity of Essential oil of Origanum vulgare L. subsp. gracile
amir rahimi elham farrokhiDrying is the most common way to preserve medicinal and aromatic plants and protect their biochemical compounds. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the antioxidant and phytochemical activity of essential oil of aeri MoreDrying is the most common way to preserve medicinal and aromatic plants and protect their biochemical compounds. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the antioxidant and phytochemical activity of essential oil of aerial parts of Origanum vulgare L. subsp. gracile in 50 percentage of the flowering stage. This study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four treatments in three replications at Research Farm of faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University (1365 m above sea level) during 2016. The aerial parts of the plant were dried using four types of drying methods, including room temperature (20-23 °C), open air (direct sunlight), free air (shade) and oven temperature (40°C). The obtained essential oils by hydro-distillation method were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Total phenol, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity (DPPH), superoxide radical scavenging activity, and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity were measured by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FCR), aluminum chloride, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Tris-HCl buffer, and Griess Illosvoy reaction respectively. Based on the results, there was significant difference among different drying methods. The highest amount of essential oil, total phenol content, total flavonoid, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and superoxide radical scavenging activity were observed in shade drying method. However, carvacrol and thymol as the main constituents of essential oil had the highest amount of drying in open air under direct sunlight. After carvacrol and thymol, compounds obtained in a shad-drying method including β-mersin, α-terpinene, γ-trypinene and M-simol had the highest amounts. We concluded that essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of oregano were greatly affected by the drying method and among the different methods of drying, shade drying was the best for the oregano plant to preserve its chemical composition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of Momordica charantia L., Cucurbita pepo L. cultivar pumpkin, Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich, Lagenaria siceraria L. cultivar Marankka
zaynab mohkami عزیزاله خیری mahdi tavakolizadeh esfahani Mohsen Sani Khani abas bahariABSTRACT This study was designed to investigate the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of fruits methanolic extracts from Momordica charantia L., Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich, Cucurbita pepo L. cultivar pumpkin, Lagenaria sicerar MoreABSTRACT This study was designed to investigate the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of fruits methanolic extracts from Momordica charantia L., Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich, Cucurbita pepo L. cultivar pumpkin, Lagenaria siceraria L. cultivar Marankka belonging to Cucurbitaceae family. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The matured fruits were harvested from the research farm in Zanjan university during the September to December 2017. Phytochemical characteristics of total phenol content (Folin–Ciocalteu method), total flavonoid (Aluminum Chloride method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH method) were evaluated. The highest level of phenolic and flavonoid contents was recorded for the fruit methanolic extracts from the Ecballium elaterium (L.) and Momordica charantia L. , with 85/5 ± 3/5 mg GAE/g and 12.13 ± 0.8, respectively. The results of DPPH test showed that the methanolic extract of Momordica charantia exhibited potent activity (97.09 % ± 0.96), followed by Ecballium elaterium (87.8% ± 1.5) and the lowest antioxidant activity related to methanolic extract of pumpkin fruit (58/02 % ± 2.7). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between flavonoids content and antioxidant activity (P = 0.87) and also there was a positive correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant activity (P = 0.54). Generally, the phytochemical analysis showed that, Ecballium and Karella extracts are rich in polyphenol compounds against other sspecies and can be used as food.drug- Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of fatty acids and sterols of Eryngium caucasicum Trautv and Caucalis platycarpos L
sahar mohammadipour Abdollah Hatamzadeh Davood Bakhshi Ardalan PasdaranInflammation and oxidative related disorders consist the most important public health threating diseases. This study investigates the fatty acid and sterol contents of E. caucasicum and C. platycarpos, which are part of the nutrition culture of the Caspian region. Their MoreInflammation and oxidative related disorders consist the most important public health threating diseases. This study investigates the fatty acid and sterol contents of E. caucasicum and C. platycarpos, which are part of the nutrition culture of the Caspian region. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials are also tested with regard to preparing supplemental foods. The fatty acid and sterol contents are quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC MS), and are identified by comparison to standard components. All fractions were tested for free radical scavenging properties with respect to 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), phosphomolybdenum, 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid radical cation(ABTS), cupric ion reducing activity (CUPRAC), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and metal chelating activity on ferrous ions methods. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity of the fatty acid and sterol fractions of E. caucasicum and C. platycarpos were assayed by the human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method. The total oil content of these plants was 18.21% and 7.39%, respectively, with E. caucasicum yielding a higher percentage of oil. Stigmastanol (21.35%) and β-sitosterol (12.19%) constituted the predominant sterols in E. caucasicum and C. platycarpos, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Comparing antioxidant activity along with total phenols and flavonoids contents of four different Marrubium spp. extracts in East Azarbaijan habitats
Negar Nazeri Fatemeh Fathiazad Sanaz HamedeyazdanMarrubium genus belongs to the family Lamiaceae which is one of the precious genara native to Iran. Phytochemical studies upon Marrubium spp. are so limited so we decided to study four species of genus Marrubium native to Iran. The aerial parts of four Marrubium spp. (M MoreMarrubium genus belongs to the family Lamiaceae which is one of the precious genara native to Iran. Phytochemical studies upon Marrubium spp. are so limited so we decided to study four species of genus Marrubium native to Iran. The aerial parts of four Marrubium spp. (M. crassidens, M. persicum, M. propinquum, and M. parviflorum) were collected during their flowering stages from Varzeghan and Marand provinces from Azarbaijan, Iran in 1395. Dried plant materials were solvent extracted separately with petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol via maceration method. Afterwards, the antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated through scavenging the free DPPH radicals. Besides, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were verified based on colorimetric relative techniques. The antioxidant evaluation established the lowest RC50 of 11.1μg/mL for the 40% Sep-Pak fraction of the M. crassidens methanol extract. Moreover, petroleum ether extracts revealed no antioxidant activity. The most total phenolics and flavonoids content of the extracts were for M. crassidens methanol extract with 512.6 mg gallic acid equivalent and 212.7 mg quercetin equivalent both in 100 g dried plant material. In the study, presence of phenollics and flavonoids in different levels alongside prominent antioxidant activities were detected for the four Marrubium spp. native to East Azerbaijan. Overall, M. crassidens possessed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents resulting in superior antioxidant activity compared to other three species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - Phytochemical, antioxidant and phenolic content Survey of leaves and flowers hydroalcoholic extracts of the Conocarpus erectus and biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using this extracts
FATEMEH gORJIAN roya mirza jani maryam kolahiThe identification of various bioactive compounds, high phenolic content and high antioxidant activity in extracts of Conocarpus erectus reveals the potential application of this plant as a natural source of antioxidant with the capability of synthesizing nanoparticles MoreThe identification of various bioactive compounds, high phenolic content and high antioxidant activity in extracts of Conocarpus erectus reveals the potential application of this plant as a natural source of antioxidant with the capability of synthesizing nanoparticles for medicine. The aim of this study was to examine the phytochemical compounds in the leaves and flowers of Conocarpus erectus L. and to determine the phenolic content and antioxidant properties of these extracts. Conocarpus erectus L leaves and flowers were extracted utilizing the Soxhlet and Maceration extraction methods. Phytochemical compounds present in plant extracts were analyzed by the use of gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The amount of phenolic content and antioxidant activity in leaf and flower extracts were determined, and the gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using these extracts. Additionally the diameter of gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized using extracts of the leaves and flowers were measured. 19 chemical compounds were identified that were mainly in methanolic extracts of leaves prepared by Soxhlet extraction. Steroids were detected in both extracts The amount of phenolic compounds was high. In this study, the extract of flower obtained by Soxhlet method had the highest phenolic compounds. Of the plant extracts evaluated, the extracts obtained by the Soxhlet method had the lowest IC50 and thus the highest antioxidant capacity. Extracts were also utilized in the preparation of nanoparticles of gold and silver. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - The effect of harvesting time on some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) medicinal plant leaves
Marziyeh Allahdadi Laleh MosharrafArtichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It has a special place in the pharmaceutical and food industries all over the world. In order to evaluate some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke leaves at different growt MoreArtichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. It has a special place in the pharmaceutical and food industries all over the world. In order to evaluate some phytochemical characteristics of artichoke leaves at different growth stages, an experiment was conducted by using a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications in Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources center during two consecutive years (2014-2015 and 2015-2016). In the second year, the leaves were collected at three growth stages: vegetative, heading and flowering in the second year. After harvesting, some quality factors such as their total phenolic content (Folin–Ciocalteu method), total flavonoids (Colorimetric Method of Aluminum Chloride), chlorogenic acid content (HPLC method) and antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power) were measured. The results showed that the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of artichoke leaves were different at the three growth stages. The highest amount of phenolic content (76.25 mg GAE g-1 DW), total flavonoid (1.28 mg QE g-1 DW), chlorogenic acid content (2.25 % DM), DPPH (92.34 %) and reducing power (2.16) of methanolic extract was observed in heading stage. There was a positive and significant correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Also, the relationship between chlorogenic acid content and DPPH and reducing power was positive and significant. According to the results, the harvesting of artichoke leaves at the heading stage is better than other growth stages due to their favorable characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - The study of essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Oliveria decumbens collected from different regions of Khuzestan province.
Seyed Mohammad Hosein Ale Omrani Nejad Ali Rezvani AghdamAromatic herbs are considered the most valuable antioxidant source in nature. In this research, 3 different ecotypes of Oliveria decumbens Vent plant were collected from three important regions in Khuzestan province, including Behbahan, Shushtar and Masjed Soleyman in f MoreAromatic herbs are considered the most valuable antioxidant source in nature. In this research, 3 different ecotypes of Oliveria decumbens Vent plant were collected from three important regions in Khuzestan province, including Behbahan, Shushtar and Masjed Soleyman in flowering stage. Essential oil was extracted by Clevenger aparatus; and identified essential oil component by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC -Mass). The antioxidant activities were specified using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The highest Thymol (29.67) and Carvacrol (27.88%), the dominant compositions in essential oil, were detected in Behbahan region. The percentage of degradation of DPPH free radicals in different concentrations of essential oil including 50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 μl were calculated to determine the antioxidant activity of the essential oil. The IC50 values were calculated 34.21, 26.85 and 21.23 respectively for harvested plants from Shushtar, Masjed Soleyman and Behbahan regions. Finally, Behbahan ecotype with the highest antiradical properties can be considered as a new natural source of antioxidant supply. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Plant Milkweed (Calotropis Procera)
somayeh Gholamshahi ali salehi sardoeiPlants are rich sources of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins) in the most important natural antioxidants. Dietary antioxidants to protect the body against stress and health are important oxiddative. This study was designed to investigate the quali MorePlants are rich sources of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins) in the most important natural antioxidants. Dietary antioxidants to protect the body against stress and health are important oxiddative. This study was designed to investigate the quality and quantity of phenolic compounds and antioxidant milkweed plants as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants has been done. After preparing the methanolic extract, the phenol concentration was measured by spectrophotometry and finally, the antioxidant activity of the extract was measured using radical 2 and 2-diphenyl-1-picaril hydrazil (DPPH) method. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and the means by Duncan's test at P> 0/05 were compared. The results obtained showed that the phenolic The results showed that, the phenolic and antioxidant compounds in leaf were more than other organs and so higher the Bam region than Jiroft region. The results were the same applies to fruit. But the flowers and sap (latex) more phenolic compounds found in Jiroft native milkweed. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of leaf sap compared with 2/5 times. Latex (sap) Milkweed in Bam and Jiroft region Compared with organs (leaves, flowers, fruits) had the lowest total phenolic compounds. The results of this study medicinal plant milkweed and antioxidant phenolic compounds as natural antioxidants and can be used in pharmaceutical and food industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Effects of supercritical fluid and distillation extraction methods on the yield, antioxidant and antifungal activities of Artemisia persica Boiss essential oil
Parvin Ramak Vahid Karimian Asghar SepahvandIn this study, aerial parts of Artemisia persica in blooming satage were collected from Noor Abad Research Farm (Lorestan province, Iran) in the summer of 2017. Essential oils of plants were extracted by water distillation and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method MoreIn this study, aerial parts of Artemisia persica in blooming satage were collected from Noor Abad Research Farm (Lorestan province, Iran) in the summer of 2017. Essential oils of plants were extracted by water distillation and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods and were analyzed by using GC/MS device. Antifungal properties of essential oils were evaluated on Microsporum canis, Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains by broth microdilution method. Antioxidant activity of the essential oils was also evaluated by two free radical scavenging tests, viz. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). Essential oil yields were 1.7% and 1.7-5.7% in water distillation and SFE methods, respectively. Major compounds identified in the SFE method were Davanone (29%), lacintafuran H (18.1%), C-artedoglacia oxide (8.5%), and neurodevnet (7.6%). Davanone (22%), lacintaphoran G (7.1%), and D-artedoglacia oxide (6%) were the predominant compounds detected in water distillation method. The essential oil extracted by water distillation had the highest antifungal effects on E. floccosum and T. montagrophytes strains with MFC and MIC of 32 µg/mL. Water extracted essential oil presented the highest free radical scavenging capacity in DPPH and ABTS tests with IC50 values of 20.32 and 14.23 μg/ml, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Phytochemichl and antioxidant analysis of different parts of Citrullus colocynthis L. in different regions from Southeast of Iran
صدیقه اسمعیل زاده بهابادی foroogh yousefzaeiCitrullus colocynthis L. belonging to the cucurbitaceae family, is used to treat many diseases such as inflammation, rheumatism, and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenol and flavonoids content of different parts (leaf, seed, fruit pulp and pe MoreCitrullus colocynthis L. belonging to the cucurbitaceae family, is used to treat many diseases such as inflammation, rheumatism, and diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenol and flavonoids content of different parts (leaf, seed, fruit pulp and peel) of C. colocynthis in Kerman, Iranshahr and Zabol habitats. All plant samples were collected from these habitats during June in 2017. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by using spectrophotometry method. Antioxidant activity of extracts was determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical scavenging assay. Based on the results, the most phenol content was observed in leaf extract of C. colocynthis in Kerman (52.19 mg/g DW) and Iranshahr (44.86 mg/g DW), respectively. Most of flavonoid content were in leaf of C. colocynthis in Kerman, in addition, it had the highest antioxidant activity (86percentage). The present study shows the potential of C. colocynthis leaf as a pharmaceutical agent and we hope this study encourage further studies to investigate its phytochemistry and pharmacology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Phytochemical evaluation and comparison of essential oil and antioxidant activity of Juniperus sabina L. branches in different habitats of Mazandaran and Golestan provinces
Amir Ghorbanzadeh Azim Ghasemnezhad Mostafa Khoshhal Sarmast Samad Nejad EbrahimiAbstract Juniperus sabina L. is one of the valuable medicinal plants belonging to Cupressaceae family which has precious pharmaceutical effects such as anti-cancer properties, prevention of cell division, anti-malarial and anti-fertility. The aim of the current study wa MoreAbstract Juniperus sabina L. is one of the valuable medicinal plants belonging to Cupressaceae family which has precious pharmaceutical effects such as anti-cancer properties, prevention of cell division, anti-malarial and anti-fertility. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the quantity and quality of essential oil compounds as well as antioxidant activity in the brunchlets of Juniperus sabina. samples were collected from three habitats of Ramsar, Ramyan and Tooskestan in the summer of 2018. The essential oils compounds were analyzed by using GC-FID and GC-MS. Both TAOC and DPPH methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant potential and the colorimetric method (Folin-ciocalteu) for measuring total phenol. The highest amount of total phenol in Ramsar sample (3.33 ± 0.19 mg GAE/g dw), DPPH radical scavenging in Ramyan sample (43.1±4.99%) and total antioxidant in Tooskestan sample (19.5±0.12 mg ascorbic acid /g dw) was observed. Sabinene was one of the major constituents in all samples (12.5, 49.8 and 58 % respectively). The notable finding of this study was the presence of myrtenyl-acetate (72.6%) in the Ramsar sample that has been never reported in this plant. Due to the significant difference observed in the essential oil composition of Ramsar, further studies on this plant is suggested and it may be introduced as a new chemotype in the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Evaluation of phytochemical, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of of Melissa officinalis L. from Marivan region
Morteza Yazdani fereshteh jookar kashi Zeinab Toluei Akram Rahimi-MoghaddamConsidering the adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants, antibiotics, and anti-cancer drugs on human health and increasing the antibiotic resistance of pathogens, it is a necessity to find safe alternative sources for these compounds. For this purpose, Melissa officin MoreConsidering the adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants, antibiotics, and anti-cancer drugs on human health and increasing the antibiotic resistance of pathogens, it is a necessity to find safe alternative sources for these compounds. For this purpose, Melissa officinalis L. was collected from Marivan, Kurdestan province, and its chemical compositions and bioactivities were determined. Aerial parts of self-sowing M. officinalis were harvested during the flowering stage at 1320 meters above the sea level in 2016 summer. Using solvent-free microwave extraction methodessential oil of M. Officinalis was obtained and their component was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity of the essential oil were determined via β–carotene bleaching assay and brine shrimp lethality test, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated by agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrationdetermination against various types of standard and clinical microbial strains.Extraction yield of the essential oil was 1.18%, and the main componentswere geraniol (30.39%) and geranial (26.19%).Based on the results of β–carotene bleaching assay, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation by the essential oil and BHT were 72.48% and 96.48%, respectively.Using the brine shrimp lethality test, LC50 of theessential oil and vincristine sulfate were obtained 62.76 μg/ml and 0.751 μg/ml, respectively.Thus, this study revealed that essential oil of M. officinalis had good antimicrobial activity against testedmicroorganisms, especially Gram-positive bacteria.In addition, it showed significant antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities, so it seems that essential oil of M. officinalis may have potential use as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants, antibiotics and anticancer drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of three widely-used medicinal plant in natural habitats of Fars province
Auob mazaraie leila fahmidehGrowth and generation of plants in different ecosystems and natural habitats are influenced by various factors. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the phytochemicals and antioxidants of three widely-used medicinal plant species including Zataria multifolia MoreGrowth and generation of plants in different ecosystems and natural habitats are influenced by various factors. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the phytochemicals and antioxidants of three widely-used medicinal plant species including Zataria multifolia Boiss, Matricaria chamomilla L. and Achilla millefolium L. which grown in five natural habitats (Fasa, Firoozabad, Kazeroun, Farashband and Dehram) located in Fars province, South of Iran . Phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts obtained by maceration (soaking) method were determined via Folin-Ciocaltiu and Aluminum chloride colorimetric, respectively. The antioxidant properties were also investigated through DPPH method. Based on the results, there is a positive correlation between plant secondary compounds and their antioxidant performance, and this relationship was quite significant for all three plant samples. Among the regions under the study, the highest phenolic and flavonoid compounds yields were detected in Farashband and Dehram regions, respectively. Among the results, the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant properties were identified in Achillea eriophora DC and Zataria multifolia Boiss species from Farashband and Dehram regions had the highest values. The differences observed in phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant properties could be attributed to the effects of climatic conditions such as height above sea level on the investigated plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Determine optimal conditions of synthesis of silver green nanoparticles by aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris edible- medicinal plant and evaluation of its antioxidant properties
Ghazaleh Kouchakzadeh Zeinab DelfanNowadays, the advent of nanotechnology and the synthesis of nanoparticles have brought many developments to humans, but this technology must be considered in terms of safety. Meanwhile, the synthesis of green nanoparticles has expanded due to more compatibility with the MoreNowadays, the advent of nanotechnology and the synthesis of nanoparticles have brought many developments to humans, but this technology must be considered in terms of safety. Meanwhile, the synthesis of green nanoparticles has expanded due to more compatibility with the environment and that they are low costs and non-toxic, because the plants have a very good ability for reducing the metal ions and synthesizing nanoparticles. In recent research, the optimum conditions for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. and its antioxidant effect were investigated. In this research, first aerial parts of plant were collected plains south of Khorramabad before the flowering stage in May and dried in shaid. After preparing the aqueous extract of plant by soaking, effective parameters of nanoparticles synthesis such as pH, AgNO3 concentration, extract concentration, temperature and time were evaluated. Optimal conditions of silver nanoparticles synthesis by plant are include pH=11, AgNO3 concentration= 8 mM, extract value= 4 cc, temperature= 40̊C and time= 120 minute. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by the techniques of UV-Vis, X ray diffraction and FT-IR. The study of the morphology of the resulting nanoparticles showed a spherical shape with a particle size of 16-29 nm. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of aqueous extract and synthesizing nanoparticle by conventional DPPH method were carried out. Maximum value of free radical inhibition at 12.5 μl/ml concentration of extract and nanoparticle compared to ascorbic acid was reported. Finally, it can be concluded that the presence of various chemical compounds that have caused the antioxidant activity of the extract expresses the extract and the resulting nanoparticles as a source of natural antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - Evaluation the effect of elicitors on antioxidant properties and mycelial secondary metabolites of Stereum hirsutum, Hyphodontia paradoxa and Arthrinium arundinis from Golestan province
lazemi golaem vahide payamnoor jamile nazari omran alishahThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of elicitors on antioxidant properties and mycelial secondary metabolites of Arthrinium arundinis, Lichen symbiont, and Hyphodontia paradoxa and Stereum hirsutum hosted by Betula pendula . In the summer of 2016 preliminar MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of elicitors on antioxidant properties and mycelial secondary metabolites of Arthrinium arundinis, Lichen symbiont, and Hyphodontia paradoxa and Stereum hirsutum hosted by Betula pendula . In the summer of 2016 preliminary sampling was performed from tree barks of Siah-Marzkouh, Golestan province, from an altitude of 2400 m above sea level. Then, fungal purification was achieved. In 2018, biennial mycelial reserves were used to investigate changes in secondary compounds. The following treatments were applied as elicitor: sodium nitrate, nanofibers cellulose and magnesium sulphate. Initial evaluation of triterpenoids was performed by HPLC using standard betulin and betulinic acid, and LC-MS was used to confirm the corresponding peak as triterpenoid. Antioxidant properties in mycelia of these fungi were studied by DPPH method. Based on the results, the highest peak of triterpenoids which are derivatives of betulin was in H. paradoxa treated by nanofibers cellulose, while in S. hirsutum it was by sodium nitrate (6.5 and 6.37 times in comparison to control, respectively). In A. arundinis, elicitors had no effect on triterpenoids amount and significantly reduced it. The antioxidant activity of H. paradoxa in the control treatment was 83.1% and the induction of elicitors had the opposite effect on this activity. The antioxidant activity of A. arundinis decreased from 82.05 to 87.12% with magnesium sulfate elicitor, meanwhile by adding sodium nitrate to the medium it increased from 24.62 to 86.04%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical and Antioxidant investigation of some of traditional high consumption plants for treatment of diabetes in the rural mountainous rangelands of Chaharbagh
Fariba Alsadat Hashem-Sirjani Bahareh Behmanesh Masoumeh Mazandarani Faramarz Rostami CharatiThe present research was done in Chaharbagh rangelands of Golestan province due to phytochemical investigation of the most important anti diabetic native medicinal plants. Nine medicinal plants used by local people for diabetes treatment were consisting of Nepeta pungen MoreThe present research was done in Chaharbagh rangelands of Golestan province due to phytochemical investigation of the most important anti diabetic native medicinal plants. Nine medicinal plants used by local people for diabetes treatment were consisting of Nepeta pungens L., Hypericum perforatum, Juniperus communis L., Artemisia annua L., Tanacetum parthenium, Urtica dioica L., Cichorium intybus L., Cuscuta reflexa L. and Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. After sampling plant parts containing Pharmaceutical ingredients consisting of aerial parts or root parts, they were cleaned and dried in the shade. Extraction of methanol was done. The amount of total phenol and flavonoids were measured with Spectrophotometry method and the level of antioxidant activity was measured with DPPH method. DCA ordination was done in order to studying relation between anti-diabetic medicinal plants and their quantity of effective ingredients. Results from phytochemical experiments showed that flowering part Hypericum perforatum, roots of Nepeta pungens L. and roots of Tanacetum parthenium with the amounts of 259.64, 231.246 and 223.47 mg GAE/g in plant dry matter had the most amount of total phenol. Artemisia annua L. leaves, flowering part of Nepeta pungens L. and roots of Urtica dioica L. with the amounts of 253.37, 237.89 and 216.43 mg QUE/g had the most flavonoids. The best antioxidant activity of the extracts with greatest DPPH inhibitory power was belonging to fruits of Juniperus communis L. aerial parts of Cuscuta reflexa L. and flowering parts of Perovskia‎ abrotanoides Karel. with amounts of 93.93, 81.58 and 72.24. The ordination analysis had the same results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Evaluation antioxidant activity and phytochemical constituents of the fruit of raspberry (Rubus ulmifolius sub sp. sanctus) collected from Khan-Daracy area of Orumieh
shirin Rahmanzadeh Ishkeh Mohammadreza asghari habib shirzad Abolfazl AlirezaluThe raspberry (Rubus ulmifolius subsp. Sanctus) is the perennial shrub in the genus Rubus of the Rosacea family. It is a medicinal and edible fruit throughout much of Khandaracy region of Urmia. Raspberry fruits are most important in food and medicinal sciences due to t MoreThe raspberry (Rubus ulmifolius subsp. Sanctus) is the perennial shrub in the genus Rubus of the Rosacea family. It is a medicinal and edible fruit throughout much of Khandaracy region of Urmia. Raspberry fruits are most important in food and medicinal sciences due to their excellent antioxidant activity and various flavonoids and proanthocyanin content. In this research, after harvesting fruits from the Khandaracy region of Urmia in the late summer, pH level by pH meter, organic acids by titration with 0.1 molar NaOH, Soluble solids using a refractometer, total phenolic content (by using Folin–Ciocalteu assays), total flavonoid content (aluminum chloride method), antioxidant capacity by two methods (DPPH and FRAP), total anthociyanin content (pH differential method), L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and (guaiacol peroxidase) G-POD enzymes were determined. The results showed that level pH, organic acids and soluble solids were respectively 3.13, 1.14, 12.6, also values of total phenol content, total flavonoid, antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin content were 26.44 mg GAE.ml-1 Extract, 1.99 mg Qu. ml-1 extract, 55.29 % and 63.78 cyanidin-3-glucoside ml-1 Extract respectively. The results of this study showed that raspberry fruit has high content of polyphenol compounds and has significant antioxidant activity, so it can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - Investigation of antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in different media under hydroponic condition
elham farrokhi abbas samadi amir rahimiHydroponic culture has several advantages such as higher yield, product uniformity improvement, and better control of elements absorption than soil condition. The hydroponic is a method which organic or inorganic substrates are used for plant cultivation. In order to in MoreHydroponic culture has several advantages such as higher yield, product uniformity improvement, and better control of elements absorption than soil condition. The hydroponic is a method which organic or inorganic substrates are used for plant cultivation. In order to investigate the effect of different growing media on antioxidant properties of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), an experiment was done based on completely randomized design using 11 treatments with three replications at Experimental Greenhouse of Urmia University. Growing media tested were: perlite substrate with grads: <0.5, 0.5-1 ,1-1.5 ,1.5-2 and >2 mm as 100% and mixed grades of perlite with peat moss (50:50) and pure peat moss (100% V). The total phenolic content, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity were measured by using folin ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods respectively. The results showed that significant differences were observed the measured parameters in inorganic (perlite with different sizes), organic (peat most), and mixture of organic and inorganic substrates. The highest content of total phenol (0.63mg GAA/100g), total flavonoid (0.07 mg Q/100g), total anthocyanin (1.7 mg/gdw), superoxide radical scavenging activity (55.3%) and radical scavenging activity DPPH (67.8%) were observed in pure peat moss medium, while the lowest nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (67%) was in peat moss medium. In conclusion different culture media which possess different physical and chemical characteristics, can affect the plant antioxidant properties. According to the results, peat moss substrate increased the antioxidant properties of lemon balm compared to other culture media Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Evaluation of the total phenolic and antioxidant activity of the 80 different populations belong to the Jashir genus (Prangos spp.)
Peyman Azarkish Mohammad Moghaddam Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Fatimah KhakdanJashir (Prangos spp.) is a medicinal plant and native plant to some parts of Iran that is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of 80 populations MoreJashir (Prangos spp.) is a medicinal plant and native plant to some parts of Iran that is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of many diseases. This study aimed to investigate the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of 80 populations belonging to seven species P. hausslmechtii, P. lophoptera, P. corymbosa, P. uloptera, P. acaulis, P. platychlaena, and P. ferulacea at the flowering stage in spring and summer 2018 in six provinces of Lorestan, Isfahan, Fars, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari as a randomized complete block design. Methanol extracts of plants were obtained by the maceration method. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH (1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) methods, respectively. ANOVA and Duncan's tests were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that there is a difference between populations and different species of Jashir genus in terms of total phenol content and antioxidant activity. The total phenol content of these extracts belonging to 80 populations was different and ranged from 17.59 to 1.76 mg gallic acid/g extract and their antioxidant activity ranged from 61.77 to 96.2%. The highest total phenol content and antioxidant activity were observed in populations 5 (P. acaulis) and 48 (P. platychloena), and the lowest amount obtained from populations 80 (P. platychloena) and 36 (P. platychloena). Among seven species of Prangos spp., the highest amount of total phenol content and antioxidant activity was found in P. uloptera and P. acaulis. Due to the high antioxidant properties of Prangos spp. and because of the possible carcinogenicity of synthetic antioxidants, different species of this genus especially P. uloptera and P. acaulis are suggested as suitable substitutes for preservatives. So they can be used as rich and accessible resources in the food and pharmaceutical industries Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Investigation of phytochemical diversity of Viscum album L. populations grown on different hosts in Alborz, Gilan, Mazandaran and Golestan provinces
Hossein Hosseini Ali Mehrafarin Hassanali Naghdi Badi Kambiz Larijani Hossein ZeinaliEuropean mistletoe (Viscum album L.) a semi-parasitic plant that often grows on forest trees and shrubs, is used in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer due to its valuable active ingredients. The quantity and quality of active ingredients in parasitic and s MoreEuropean mistletoe (Viscum album L.) a semi-parasitic plant that often grows on forest trees and shrubs, is used in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer due to its valuable active ingredients. The quantity and quality of active ingredients in parasitic and semi-parasitic plants in addition to genetic and environmental factors, are also affected by the host tree. This study was conducted in a completely randomized design with the aim of investigating the phytochemical diversity of 20 populations of mistletoe on different hosts by collecting samples from different regions of Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan, and Alborz provinces in the summer of 2017. The extracts were obtained by reflux method with 70% ethanol. The content of syringic acid, total flavonoids, phenolic compounds, protein, and antioxidant activity were measured by a spectrophotometer and HPLC methods in the leaves of plants in different populations. The results showed that the amount of chemical composition of mistletoe populations was affected by environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and altitude, and the type of host tree. These populations were classified into 3 distinct groups. The mistletoe collected from Gilan and Alborz provinces did not have much phytochemical diversity. Populations of Guilan province had the highest mean of total flavonoids, protein, and antioxidant activity. The mistletoe collected from Mazandaran and Golestan provinces had more phytochemical diversity. It seems that in addition to environmental conditions, the host tree type was also responsible for creating the phytochemical diversity of European mistletoe in these provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Comparative study of phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Anethum graveolens L. , Bunium persicum L., Achillea millefolium L. and Syzygium aromaticum extracts
Rouhollah Faramarzi Dozein Afshin Karimi Ehsan Karimi Ehsan Oskoueian Mohsen GhasemiThis study was performed to compare and evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts of dill (Anethumgra veolens) seeds, black cumin (Bunium persicum) seeds, yarrow (Achillea millefolium) flower and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) bud MoreThis study was performed to compare and evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts of dill (Anethumgra veolens) seeds, black cumin (Bunium persicum) seeds, yarrow (Achillea millefolium) flower and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) buds in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in the Center, Research and Education of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Mashhad in year 1400. The first, the extracts of the above plants were extracted by reflux apparatus, and then, the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to determine the phytochemicals. Total phenol and antioxidant capacity of the extracts were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu and the DPPH and NO free radicals scavenging activity respectively. At the end of the experiment, the inhibitory potential of extract against xanthine oxidase, hyaluronidase, acetylcholinesterase, elastase and tyrosinase enzymes was investigated. The results showed that the highest amount of total phenol (40.9 mg GAE/g.DW) and saponin (94.8 mg diosgenin /g.DW) was observed in clove bud extract and the lowest amount of total phenol (7.2 mg GAE/g.DW) and saponin (72.7 mg diosgenin /g.DW) was observed in yarrow flower extract. The HPLC results showed that the concentration of phenolic compounds in the clove extract was higher as compared to other plant extracts. Clove bud extract showed stronger antioxidant properties as compared to other extracts, so that the IC50 values obtained for clove extract by DPPH and NO methods were equal to 82.95 and 104.34 μg/ml, respectively. Three extracts of clove (55.3±12.6 μg/ml) yarrow (98±5.78 μg/ml) and cumin (198±8.34 μg/ml) had the greatest effect on inhibition of xanthine oxidase enzyme. The results of anti-inflammatory properties showed that clove extract with more than 61%, caused the highest inhibition of nitric oxide. It seems that the hydroalcoholic extract of clove could be used as an anti-inflammatory, skin lightening and preventing wrinkles and skin aging. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of some of Morus alba L. Var. Nigra genotypes in West and East Azerbaijan province
Sakineh MoradkhaniBlackberry (Morus alba L. Var. Nigra) has phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity. In the present study, the fruits of four blackberry genotypes were harvested from two West and East Azerbaijan in mid-July 2017. Phytochemical indices were evaluated based on the MoreBlackberry (Morus alba L. Var. Nigra) has phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity. In the present study, the fruits of four blackberry genotypes were harvested from two West and East Azerbaijan in mid-July 2017. Phytochemical indices were evaluated based on the content of total phenol (folate sizing method), total anthocyanin and antioxidant activity (DPPH). To separate, identify and determine the amount of phenolic acids and sugars a high-performance liquid chromatography device (HPLC) was used. Data analysis was performed by Duncan's multiple range test at the probability level of 1%. According to the variance analysis results, the measured traits were significant at the level of 1% and a high diversity was observed among the measured traits. The highest amount of antioxidants was 78.04 %, total anthocyanin and total phenol were 6.24 mg/ml and 925.98 mg/100 g fresh weight equivalent to gallic acid, respectively. In the current study, 9 polyphenolic compounds were identified in the fruit extract by HPLC. The main constituents included chlorogenic acid (60.060), coumaric acid (8.807) and caffeic acid (3.657) microgram per gram. In addition, in extracts, cinnamic acid (0.355), rosemary acid (0.055), gallic acid (2.59), rutin (0.833), apagenin (2.700), quercetin (1.861) microgram per gram were identified and also two sugars of fructose (5.84) and glucose (6.31) g per 100 g of fresh weight were reported. The results showed that in all genotypes, glucose was higher than fructose. The first genotype with the highest amount of antioxidant capacity, fructose, total phenol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin and apagenin was introduced as the superior breed. The findings of this study is useful for understanding the diversity and efforts to select berries for breeding as well as for the food industry in selecting cultivars with high nutritional properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties in different concentrations of Physalis alkekengi L. extract
simin Arian Seyedeh Fatemeh Habib HosseiniWith the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and their side effects, the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of bacterial infections is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of di MoreWith the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and their side effects, the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of bacterial infections is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of different concentrations of methanolic extract of Physalis alkekngi. For this purpose, the calyx and fruit of the P. alkekengi L. were collected from an area near the city of Tonekabon in the summer of 2019 from a height of 120 meters and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts on pathogenic bacteria was determined by disk diffusion methods, MIC, and MBC. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were measured by folin-ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. In addition, total anthocyanin was measured by spectrophotometry as well as antioxidant activity of extract using DPPH method. Based on the results, the highest total phenol content at a concentration 50 mg-1 ml of calyx extract was 32.92±1.738 mgEGA g-1 DW. Also, the content of flavonoid and anthocyanin compounds in the calyx extract was more than that of the fruit extract. Based on the results of antioxidant activity also showed that the highest DPPH radical inhibitory effect were obtained at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg/ml of calyx extract 51.43% and 51.58%, respectively. In addition, calyx and fruit extracts showed significant inhibitory activity against the studied bacteria as the highest inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus was obtained at a concentration of 1000 mg -1ml of calyx and fruit extracts. The results of this study indicated that the calyx and fruit extracts of P. alkekengi are rich in antioxidant compounds, especially phenolic compounds, and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts showed a significant positive correlation with total phenol content. Therefore, the antimicrobial properties of the calyx and fruit extracts may be attributed to their phenolic compounds and these extracts can be recommended for medicinal applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Effect of different drying methods on antioxidant and phytochemical yield of Allium hirtifolium Boiss.
Maryam poorgharib Mahboobeh Zare Mehrjerdi Akbar ArabhosseiniAllium hirtifolium Boiss. is a native plant of Iran and has medicinal uses due to its organosulfur compounds, in addition to consuming edible. The experiment was designed to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the quality of Allium hirtifolium. Allium MoreAllium hirtifolium Boiss. is a native plant of Iran and has medicinal uses due to its organosulfur compounds, in addition to consuming edible. The experiment was designed to investigate the effect of different drying methods on the quality of Allium hirtifolium. Allium hirtifolium slices were dried by using ten methods, which were sun and shade drying, soaking Allium hirtifolium in water for 24 hours and then sun drying (traditional method), oven drying (50, 60 and 70 °C), microwave drying (360, 540 and 720 W) and freeze-drying. The effect of different drying methods on antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay), total phenol content (Folin-Ciocalteu method), flavonoids (aluminum chloride colorimetric assay), allicin (4-mercaptopyridine method) and soluble and storage carbohydrates (anthrone method) as well as Allium hirtifolium color quality (image processing analysis) were investigated. The initial moisture content of the samples was 69.41% based on fresh weight. The highest antioxidant activity belonged to the extracts obtained by maceration of fresh samples followed by the shade-dried samples with methanol. The total phenolic content was found to be highest in the freeze-dried samples macerated with methanol. The greatest flavonoid content was observed in fresh samples followed by the freeze dried samples extracted by ultrasound. Shade- dried samples, next to fresh Allium hirtifolium, had the highest allicin. The maximum levels of soluble and storage carbohydrates were found in freeze-dried samples and microwave-dried samples at 720 W power, respectively. After the drying process, the lowest browning index was observed in freeze-dried samples. Among the drying methods, shade drying was introduced as the most suitable method to maintain the quality of Allium hirtifolium and it was found that the traditional method of drying Allium hirtifolium causes the loss of its bioactive compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Investigation of some growth and physiological traits changes and heavy metals accumulation in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) under different climates cultivation
Habibioallah Farokhi Ahmad Asgharzadeh Maliheh Kazemi SamadiSaffron (Crocus sativus L.) the most valuable agricultural and pharmaceutical product in the world, has a special place among Iran's industrial and export products. The aim of this study was to study the changes in quantitative, qualitative, physiological traits, and he MoreSaffron (Crocus sativus L.) the most valuable agricultural and pharmaceutical product in the world, has a special place among Iran's industrial and export products. The aim of this study was to study the changes in quantitative, qualitative, physiological traits, and heavy metals accumulation in cultivated saffron samples in three important saffron producing provinces, North Khorasan (Shirvan city), Razavi Khorasan (Torbat-Heydariyeh city), and South Khorasan (Ghaen city), based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2019-2020 crop year.In this study, quantitative traits (flower and stigma yield), qualitative traits (safranal, picrocrocin, and crocin content extracted by aqueous method and measured by spectrophotometry), physiological characteristics (anthocyanin, flavonoid, total phenol, and antioxidant activity extracted by alcohol andmeasured by spectrophotometry) and the selenium, lead, and nickel metals accumulation (by acid extraction and atomic absorption measurements) were investigated. Also, the effect of climatic parameters on quantitative and qualitative yield was investigated. The results showed that the samples cultivated in these provinces had significant differences in terms of quantitative, qualitative, physiological, and metal accumulation characteristics. North and Razavi Khorasan provinces with the highest flowers and stigmas yield, as well as safranal and crocin content, had the highest quantity and quality.In addition, the highest anthocyanins, flavonoids, and total phenol content, antioxidant activity, and lead content was obtained in North Khorasan province. The two climatic parameters of relative humidity content and average annual rainfall had a high correlation with quantitative and qualitative yield and are the most influential environmental factors on the quantity and quality of saffron. In general, North and Razavi Khorasan provinces had a significant advantage in terms of quantitative and qualitative yield of saffron compared to South Khorasan provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Essential oil composition and phytochemical survey of Phlomis herba-venti, Phlomis persica Boiss. and Phlomis olivieri Benth. from Northwestern Iran
Miohammad Fattahi zahra najjariDifferent species of Phlomis are important for terpenoid compounds and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant flavonoids in their essential oils. In the present study, three species of Phlomis including Ph. olivieri Benth, Ph. persica Boiss, and Ph. herba-venti were co MoreDifferent species of Phlomis are important for terpenoid compounds and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant flavonoids in their essential oils. In the present study, three species of Phlomis including Ph. olivieri Benth, Ph. persica Boiss, and Ph. herba-venti were collected from the natural habitats located in Azarshahr (elevation 1671 m), Urmia (elev. 1598 m) and Tuyserkan (elev. 1598 m) at the full-flowering stage in June 2017. Then, their essential oil constituents and some phytochemical properties the extracts were evaluated. The essential oils were extracted by the hydro-distillation method (Clevenger apparatus). CG and CG-MS were used to analyze chemical constituents. Extraction was performed using an ultrasonic device and phytochemical indices were evaluated in terms of total phenol content, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity (%DPPH). A total of 38 compounds were identified in the essential oils of three plant species, which among them, Diisooctyl phthalate (69.71%), γ-Elemene (7.93%), and Germacrene D (7.44%) in Phlomis olivieri Benth. and Nepetalactone (45.24%), Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (32.72%), and Germacrene D (5.59%) in Phlomis herba-venti were the main compounds. Diisooctyl phthalate (49.74%), t-muurolol (16.18%) and Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (7.82%) were identified as major compounds of Ph. persica Boiss. Comparison of identified compounds among the three species showed a higher percentage of Diisooctyl phthalate (69.71%) in Ph. Olivieri. Also, the highest amount of total phenol (136.34 GAE/g DW), total flavonoid (49.29 mg Qu. g-1 DW) and antioxidant activity (68.48%) were related to Plomis persica Boiss. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Evaluation of phytochemical, antioxidant and enzymatic inhibitory content of extracts obtained with different solvents from Salvia hypoleuca Benth.
Behvar Asghari Sudabeh Mafakheri Majid Ghorbani NohoojiVarious species of Salvia has been used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries.In this study, aerial parts of Salvia hypoleuca L. which is an endemic plant to Iran were collected during the flowering stage in the summer of 2020 from Alamut city of Qazvin pr MoreVarious species of Salvia has been used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries.In this study, aerial parts of Salvia hypoleuca L. which is an endemic plant to Iran were collected during the flowering stage in the summer of 2020 from Alamut city of Qazvin province. In the present study, the total content of phenolic, flavonoid, saponin and tannins, four hexane, ethyl acetate, methanolic and aqueous extracts prepared by maceration method were investigated. The antioxidant properties of these extracts were measured by DPPH, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum and iron chelating methods. In addition, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory effects of the plant were measured by spectrophotometry. Based on the results, ethyl acetate extract of the plant had the highest phenolic and saponin content with values of 87.07 mg gallic acid g-1 and 163.84 mg quillaja saponin g-1, respectively. The aqueous extract of the plant exhibited the highest amounts of flavonoids and condensed tannins content with 33.97 and 5.34 mg quercetin and catechin g-1 in the extract, respectively. Ethyl acetate extract indicated the highest ABTS radical scavenging, total antioxidant, ferrous ion chelating activities, as well as inhibitory effects of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibition properties. The high potential of ethyl acetate extract in biological properties, like antioxidant and antiradical activities could be attributed to its high metabolite contents especially, phenolic and saponin compounds. Thus, it could be concluded that this plant is a rich source of functional secondary metabolites and ethyl acetate is the best extractant solvent. The results of this study confirmed the potential of Salvia hypoleuca for medicinal uses, especially for diabetes and skin diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Effect of different solvents on the extraction of phytochemical compounds of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
Maryam Rahimi Javad Ali Soufiyan Zeynab Mohkami Ali Ali Ghorbani Ranjbari Fatemeh BidarnamaniNeem (Azadirachta indica) that belongs to the Meliaceae family has many medicinal properties such as treatment of skin diseases, hypoglycemia, hypertension, cancer, and AIDS. In this study, to investigate the effect of different solvents on the quantity and quality of p MoreNeem (Azadirachta indica) that belongs to the Meliaceae family has many medicinal properties such as treatment of skin diseases, hypoglycemia, hypertension, cancer, and AIDS. In this study, to investigate the effect of different solvents on the quantity and quality of phytochemical properties of neem collected from Bahoklat area in Chabahar city, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in 2021. Ethanol, methanolic, n-hexane and acetone extracts of neem leaves and fruits were prepared by cold maceration method. Total phenol content, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity were measured by folin-cicalto reagent, aluminum chloride colorimetric and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical scaving (DPPH) methods, respectively. The results showed that the effect of organ type, solvent type and their interaction on all measured traits was significant. Based on the results, the highest amount of total phenol (48.22 mg Gallic acid / g dry weight) was reported in acetone leaf extract, and the lowest amount (2.76 mg Gallic acid / g dry weight) was reported in hexane extract of fruit. In addition, the highest amount of total flavonoids was observed in acetoin fruit and leaf extracts (4.71 and 4.61 mg Quercetin / g dry weight, respectively) and the lowest amount (3.22 mg quercetin / g dry weight) was obtained in the hexane extract of fruit. The highest and the lowest antioxidant activity was detected in ethanolic leaf extract (94.77%) and acetone extract of fruit (12.02%), respectively. Therefore, neem leaf is suggested as a useful source of phenolic compounds and natural antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Evaluation of antioxidant activity, phenol content and flavonoid extract of Artemisia annua L. Under the influence of different drying methods
Atena Mohammadinia Samakoush Hossein Moradi Mojtaba esmailzadeh Fatemeh DavatgarDrying is one of the most important post-harvest processes for medicinal plants. to study the effect of different drying methods on the antioxidant and phytochemical activity of flowering branches and leaves of Artemisia annua, an experiment based on a completely random MoreDrying is one of the most important post-harvest processes for medicinal plants. to study the effect of different drying methods on the antioxidant and phytochemical activity of flowering branches and leaves of Artemisia annua, an experiment based on a completely randomized design with four treatments and ten replications was conducted at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2020. Aerial parts of the plant were obtained from natural habitat in Shirgah region of Mazandaran (238 meters above sea level) in January. Different parts of the plant were dried using four methods: shade - sun, oven (45°C), indirect heating (28-32 ° C) and microwave (520 w). All extracts were prepared by soaking in methanol. In the first stage, antioxidant activity (DPPH), phenolic (Folin–Ciocâlteu) and flavonoid (aluminum chloride) content were evaluated for all samples. The results showed that there was a significant difference between different drying methods. The highest content of total antioxidants was observed in flowering branches (70.92%) and leaves (70.66%) for indirect heat sampels. The highest amount of total phenol (2.56 and 3.09 mg gallic acid per 100g of dry matter, respectively) belonged to the samples dried using sun-shade and indirect heat. The highest total flavonoid content was also found in samples dried under indirect heating and microwave (1.45 and 3.73 mg of quercetin per 100g of dry matter, respectively). The lowest amount of total phenol, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were observed in oven-dried flowering and leafy branches at 45°c. In the second stage of the experiment, the best sample regarding antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid was chosen and evaluated using chromatography. The most composition of the extract was arteannuic acid (15.63%). In general, indirect heat drying could preserve antioxidant and bioactive compounds more effectively, while other methods may reduce or even degrade these compounds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Effect of silicon on some growth, physiological and phytochemical properties of Cannabis sativa L. in soil and soilless culture
Fatemeh Beheshti sarah khorasaninejadCannabis sativa L. is a promising product for the production of special herbal medicines. Silicon is also a very important element in improving plant performance in a variety of environmental conditions. Soilless culture systems are one of the most important technologie MoreCannabis sativa L. is a promising product for the production of special herbal medicines. Silicon is also a very important element in improving plant performance in a variety of environmental conditions. Soilless culture systems are one of the most important technologies in the world for adverse environmental environments. Based on a two-factor factorial in a completely randomized design with four silicon treatments with concentrations of zero, 0.75, 1.5 and 2.25 mmol and three replications in four culture media (soil and sand (soil derivatives), soil and vermicompost compost (soil derivatives), perlite (hydroponics), perlite and cocopeat (hydroponics) were applied. After vegetative growth is complete, growth, morphophysiological and phytochemical indices including root and shoot length (ruler), fresh weight of shoot and root, dry weight of shoot and root, relative leaf moisture (scales), leaf area (leaf surface), photosynthetic pigments and anthocyanins, sugar, phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity (spectrophotometer), some leaf and root elements (flame photometer) were measured. The results showed that the culture system had a significant effect on all measured traits (except flavonoids) and the application of silicon improved many phytochemical traits and yield components with concentrations of 1.5 and 2.25 in this plant. It is noteworthy that silicon in hydroponic systems improved the growth traits and absorption of elements, but in the culture medium of soil derivatives, increased the phytochemical traits of flavonoids and anthocyanins. The results can indicate that the use of hydroponic culture media increases the yield, while in soil media due to some limitations, especially the absorption of elements, non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds such as phenolic acid increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Study on Phytochemical diversity and antioxidant properties of extracts from different populations of Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. in Eastern Alborz
Maryam Farzaneh Atefe Amirahmadi Vahid Poozesh Fatemeh SalimiThis study was conducted to investigate the biochemical diversity and antioxidant properties of three accessions of Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. in eastern Alborz mountain range including Semnan and Mazandaran provinces. Flowering specimens were collected from three natu MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the biochemical diversity and antioxidant properties of three accessions of Perovskia abrotanoides Kar. in eastern Alborz mountain range including Semnan and Mazandaran provinces. Flowering specimens were collected from three natural habitats of Damghan (station 1, 1504 m), Kordmir (station 2, 1672 m) and Shahrud (station 3, 1285 m) in July 2018. The amount of proline, protein, soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, hydrogen peroxide, potassium, copper, zinc, iron, nickel, magnesium, manganese and calcium as well as soil salinity were measured. Methanolic, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts were extracted by soaking method and the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging capacity. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 3 replications and the comparison of data means was performed using Duncan's test at a probability level of 5%. The results showed that the highest amount of proline and potassium was in station 1, the highest amount of protein, phenolic compounds, soil salinity and magnesium content were obtained from station 3 and the highest amount of iron was observed in station 2. Moreover, station 3 had the highest level of antioxidant activity in all extracts, and all stations had the lowest level of antioxidant activity in hexane extract. Dichloromethane extracts in stations 2 and 3 had the highest level of antioxidant activity, while in station 1 the highest level of antioxidant activity was found in methanolic extract. Therefore, we concluded that with increasing soil salinity, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the populations of P. abrotanoides increase. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Study of the effect of the chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles on some physiological and phytochemical features of Nigella sativa L.
Farahnaz Mahdipour sara saadatmand Alireza Iranbakhsh Bahare Norozi zahra Oraghi ArdebiliBlack cumin (Nigella sativa L.) from the Ranunculaceae family is considered one of the best sources of natural antioxidants. Due to the positive effect of chitosan on various medicinal plants, in this study we investigated the vegetative and chemical performance of this MoreBlack cumin (Nigella sativa L.) from the Ranunculaceae family is considered one of the best sources of natural antioxidants. Due to the positive effect of chitosan on various medicinal plants, in this study we investigated the vegetative and chemical performance of this plant under the treatment of chitosan nanoparticles. Experimental factors included solubilization of chitosan and its nanoparticles with concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 1, 4 (pH 5) percent. Assays were performed on the seed and leaf extracts of the treated plant at Razi Laboratory of Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran in 2021. Extraction was done by cold pressing method. Some traits such as germination (number, percentage, index and germination rate), growth parameters (radicle and plumule length, fresh radicle and plumule weight and radicle and plumule dry weight), pigments, total leaf phenol content (Folin-Ciocalteau) total leaf flavonoids (aluminum chloride colorimetric assay), leaf antioxidant activity (DPPH), leaf membrane lipid peroxidation (MDA concentration) and soluble protein content Seeds and leaves (Bradford) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design with 3 replications and the comparison of data means was performed using Duncan's test at a probability level of 5%. The results showed that the treatment percentages had a significant effect on all evaluated traits (except the fresh weight of the radicle). Treatment of 1% and 0.01% of chitosan nanoparticles increased the growth and germination parameters. In addition, the amount of phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant activity increased compared to the control showed that the highest increase was observed in concentrations of 1% and 0.01% chitosan nanoparticles. The maximum increase in the amount of pigments was due to the concentration of 1% and 0.2% of chitosan nanoparticles. Both treatments at a concentration of 1% reduced the amount of MDA compared to the control. The amount of total protein in leaves and seeds decreased under the influence of the treatments .In general, it was concluded that the treatment of chitosan nanoparticles as a bio stimulant has a positive effect on improving the quality characteristics of black seed and they are also suggested as a suitable stimulus to increase growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz. essential oil in different habitats of Golestan province
Masoumeh MazandaraniTanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz. with a worldwide reputation as af ever reducer, pain reliever, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory has similar therapeutic uses in the natural habitats of Golestan province. In this research, to investigate the phytochemical and antioxida MoreTanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz. with a worldwide reputation as af ever reducer, pain reliever, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory has similar therapeutic uses in the natural habitats of Golestan province. In this research, to investigate the phytochemical and antioxidant properties the plant leaves were collected from two different habitats of Golestan province, 990 meters (Ziyarat) and Deraz Nu (2200 meters), located in the southwest of the province at full flowering stage (July 2018). Essential oils were evaluated and analyzed by using the water distillation (Celvenger apparatus) and GC/MS methods, respectively. Extraction was obtained by using maceration method, the total phenol and flavonoids as well as evaluation of antioxidant performance of the extract samples were measured using DPPH and spectrophotometry methods, respectively. Based on the results more than 30 compounds were in both samples, which accounted for 97.3% the camphor (43.12-54.8 %), camphene (6.9-10.04 %), bornyl acetate (6.06-3.1 %), 1-8-cineol and p-cymene (3.1-3.36 %) that were the most important components of essential oil in both habitats. With the increase in altitude in the habitat of 2200 meters the total flavonoid and total phenol increased up to 148.2 ± 0.7 mg GAE /gr and 218.7 ± 218.7 mg GAE /gr, respectively, while the highest antioxidant activity was also up to 89.5 ± 1.1% in DPPH free radicals. The findings shows that secondary metabolites was increased in high altitude habitats and this issue has been documented in the scientific documentation of medicinal uses of this plant in high altitudes as anti-inflammatory, pain reliever and treatment of infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Investigation of the effect of packaging film, temperature and storage time on biochemical characteristics of Rosmarinus officinalis L.
Feryal Varasteh Azim Ghasemnejad Sahar ZamaniEffects of packaging film, temperature, and storage time on the biochemical properties of dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. were investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natu MoreEffects of packaging film, temperature, and storage time on the biochemical properties of dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L. were investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources during 2017-2018. Plant samples were collected and shade-dried from the newly grown branches of eight-year-old plants in June. Then, the samples were packed in packaging films including control (without coating), polyamide 80, 90, and 120 µ, polyethylene 90 µ and common plastic, before they were stored at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ for one year. The biochemical compounds of the plant were measured every three-months. Chlorophylls and carotenoids were measured using dimethyl sulfoxide method. Phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum-chloride, and DPPH method. Findings showed that chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased over time; however, 4 ℃ preserved the pigments better than 25 ℃. The highest phenol content (4.5 mg/g) was observed in common plastic after 6 months, and the highest flavonoids (2.87 mg/g) was observed in polyamide 90 µ and polyethylene 90 µ stored for 3 months at 4 ℃. Total phenols and flavonoids in treatments were 1.78 and 3 times higher than the samples without coating stored for 12 months at 25 ℃. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in all packages at the beginning of the experiment, and the antioxidant activity decreased by 30.8% after 12 months storage at 25 ℃ without coating. According to the findings of the study, in order to preserve the quality of dried rosemary leaves, they are recommended to be stored in polyamide 90 and 120 µ and polyethylene 90 µ at 4 ℃ for 3 months, because in these treatments, in addition to the increase in total phenols and flavonoids (1.2-1.3 times compared to the beginning of the experiment), the content of total chlorophylls, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity did not increase highly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Matricaria chamomilla L. essential oil with ultrasound and water distillation
Hassan Rezadoost Samad Nejad Ebrahimi Seyed Reza Rasouli RasouliSecondary metabolites in chamomile flower essential oil are widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health industries due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-bacterial effects. In this study, for comparative evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant p MoreSecondary metabolites in chamomile flower essential oil are widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health industries due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-bacterial effects. In this study, for comparative evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Matricaria chamomilla L. flower essential oil, plant flowers were harvested from the research farm of Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran and after matching the plant with herbarium samples in the herbarium section of the institute were completely dried. Essential oil extraction was performed by two different methods of distillation with water and ultrasonic method.. The most important effective compounds of essential oils were evaluated using GC and GC / MC devices. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was also evaluated using the DPPH method. The results showed that by simultaneously application of ultrasound (0.1%) and water distillation methods (0.05%), the essential oil of this plant was obtained with higher efficiency. In the water distillation method, the most important secondary components of the essential oil including: alpha-bisabolone 66.08% and camazoline 6.46% were obtained, while in the method coupled with ultrasound, the amount of alpha-bisabolone the amount of alpha-bisaboline increased up to twice and camazoline up to 17.23%. In both methods, the main compounds: camazoline and bisabolol were optimally identified and determined using the proposed method as an efficient application method to separate the most important secondary pharmaceutical compounds of essential oil from chamomile samples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Evaluation of the morphological, phytochemical and antioxidant capacity of fruit in pomegranate (Punica granatum) the cultivar of Toosefid Gorgan in comparison with two commercial cultivars
Mansour Ajami Esmaeil Seifi Ferial Varasteh Sadegh AtashiPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an unrivaled crop in Iran and is grown in large quantities in most parts of the country. In this study, three cultivars of Toosefid, Kolbad and Malas Saveh were studied for different characteristics. The fruits were randomly picked fr MorePomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an unrivaled crop in Iran and is grown in large quantities in most parts of the country. In this study, three cultivars of Toosefid, Kolbad and Malas Saveh were studied for different characteristics. The fruits were randomly picked from a standard orchard in the northern fields of Gorgan, based on the commercial harvest index, immediately transported to the laboratory and examined for morphological, phytochemical and antioxidant properties. There were significant differences between cultivars in terms of all the studied traits at the level of one or five percent probability. The results showed that the highest fruit weight (391.20 g), fruit diameter, length to fruit diameter, fruit volume, skin thickness, skin moisture, crown length, crown diameter, aril length, aril diameter, total soluble solids, glucose (13.47 mg/100 g) and fructose (12.88 mg/100 g) were related to Gorgan Toosefid cultivar and the highest amount of anthocyanin (0.43 µmol/g) and vitamin C (2.42 mg/100 ml) belonged to Malas Saveh cultivar and the highest amount of pH (4.03), electrical conductivity (4.46 mmohs/cm), acidity (0.174%) and antioxidants (81.31%) belonged to Kolbad cultivar. According to the results, the forgotten cultivar of Toosefid Gorgan has distinct and useful properties and its development and consumption will play an important role in human health. Re-introducing this cultivar can save it from the danger of extinction and permanent oblivion and encourage gardeners and experts to reproduce and grow it and also do research on it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Evaluation of physiologicaland phytochemical traits in four different species of Alcea spp. collected from central region of Iran
Bita Sharifi Kramatollah Saeidi Behrouz Shiran Ehsan Shahbazi Zahra Lorigooini Mahshid RahimifardIn view of enriched secondary metabolites in Alcea L., this study was carried out in order to determine and compare thebioactive compounds and their correlation with antioxidant activity in flowers and roots of different species of Alcea Seeds of different ecotypes of A MoreIn view of enriched secondary metabolites in Alcea L., this study was carried out in order to determine and compare thebioactive compounds and their correlation with antioxidant activity in flowers and roots of different species of Alcea Seeds of different ecotypes of Alcea collected from Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Lorestan, and Markazi provinces. The study was arranged in a randomized complete block design in the Research Farm of Shahrekord University in summer 2018. Herbarium specimen were prepared and transferred to the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, and ultimately four different species of A. rufecense, A. schiraziana, A. lavateriflora, and A. rechingeri were identified. Physiological traits including percentage of extract and mucilage of flowers and roots were measured along with phytochemical traits, namely total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity of flowers using spectrophotometry. The results of analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between species and ecotypes (P≤0.01). Results of mean comparisons showed the highest percentage of extract, mucilage, total phenolics, and flavonoids contents were recorded in flowers of A. rufecense species. Also, tthe highest root mucilage and total anthocyanins contents and also the lowest IC50 of the flowers were recorded in A. lavateriflora species. In addition, the highest percentage of flower extract, root mucilage, flower mucilage, and total flavonoid content were observed in Sch6, Rech3, Ruf1, Sch4, respectively. Also, the highest total phenol and anthocyanin content and the lowest IC50 of flowers were observed in Lav4. Findings suggest that physiological and phytochemical studies can be used along with morphological studies for more accurate identification of ecotypes and species. It was also found that this plant is a very rich and affordable source of mucilage and antioxidant compounds, and by choosing the suitable species and ecotype, the highest number of these compounds can be achieved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Investigation of ethnopharmacology and diversity in yield components and phytochemical characteristics of some species of the genus Viola (Viola spp.) in the habitats of northern Iran
Mina Dordi sarah khorasaninejad Khalil ghorbani mohsen farhadpourIn this research, in order to investigate the ethnopharmacological diversity, yield components and phytochemical characteristics of Viola species (Viola spp.) from 16 habitats in the north and northwest of Iran (Golestan, Mazandaran, Ardabil, East Azarbaijan and Kermans MoreIn this research, in order to investigate the ethnopharmacological diversity, yield components and phytochemical characteristics of Viola species (Viola spp.) from 16 habitats in the north and northwest of Iran (Golestan, Mazandaran, Ardabil, East Azarbaijan and Kermanshah provinces), a research based on a completely Randomization was done with three replications. Ethnopharmacology information was obtained from local people and plant samples were collected from the mentioned habitats in the spring of 2018 at the time of flowering. At the same time, the samples of each barium were collected and prepared for identification at the species level and receiving the code. Soil samples were also taken from a depth of 0-30 for physical and chemical analysis, and the geographic coordinates and height were also recorded. The yield components and phytochemical characteristics (including chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoid by spectrophotometer, total phenol by Folin-Siocatio colorimetric method, total flavonoid by aluminum-chloride colorimetric method, antioxidant compounds by ABTS and DPPH methods) of the collected samples were measured. As a result of the botanical investigation, it was found that 16 collected masses were related to five different species including V.odorata L., V.alba, V.suavis, V.sieheana and V.ignobilis. Ethnopharmacological results showed that in most regions this plant is called by the name of violet or something similar and it is used in the treatment of viral diseases such as colds. The analysis of the results showed that the characteristics of the habitat had a significant effect on all the components of the measured performance and phytochemical traits, so that the amount of chlorophyll and the dry weight of the aerial parts of the samples increased with the increase in the organic matter and nutrients of the soil. Also, with the increase in altitude, the amount of antioxidant compounds by ABTS and DPPH methods, phenolic and flavonoidic compounds increased in aerial parts, and the results of principal component analysis (PCA) also confirmed the obtained results. In the clustering that was done based on the two factors of yield and phytochemical components, it was found that the cluster decomposition for phytochemical characteristics was divided into 14 categories and for yield components into 9 categories at 0.2 Euclidean distance. The results of cluster analysis also showed that the climatic and edaphic characteristics of the habitat have a great effect on the yield components and phytochemical characteristics of the violet plant, which can determine the appropriate cultivation pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Phytochemical, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-Alzheimer investigation of the hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of Eucalyptus globulus L. in laboratory conditions
morteza Karimpour amir arastehThis research evaluated the phytochemical, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-Alzheimer properties of eucalyptus leaf extract (Eucalyptus globulus L.). The fresh leaves of the plant were collected from the suburbs of Rasht in the fall 2016. Extraction was done by macera MoreThis research evaluated the phytochemical, antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-Alzheimer properties of eucalyptus leaf extract (Eucalyptus globulus L.). The fresh leaves of the plant were collected from the suburbs of Rasht in the fall 2016. Extraction was done by maceration method and the composition of the extract was determined by GC-MS method. The antimicrobial effects of the extract were investigated on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium by agar well diffusion method and its MIC and MBC values were determined. The anticancer effect was determined by MTT test on the colon cancer cell line, the antioxidant effect was determined by DPPH method, and the inhibitory effect of the extract on the production of amyloid nano-fibrils was determined by Congored spectroscopy. Eucalyptol and Globulol were the most abundant in the extract. The diameter of the halo of non-growth of Eucalyptus hydro-alcoholic extract in the well diffusion method on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium were 12, 22, 26, and 15 mm, respectively. Also, the results of MIC and MBC in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 0.625 and 1.25, respectively. These results in Listeria monocytogenes were 1.25 and 2.5; also, the results of MIC and MBC in Salmonella Typhimurium were 5 and 10 mg/ml, respectively. The highest anticancer activity, antioxidant effect, and inhibition of the production of amyloid nano-fibrils were observed at 100, 10, and 0.4 mg/ml of the extract, respectively. Due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti–amyloidogenic properties, eucalyptus extract can help treat infection and reduce the growth of cancer cells and the complications of Alzheimer's disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Morphological, physicochemical and antioxidant comparison of medicinal date-plum fruit (Diospyros lotus L.) in three regions of Hyrcanian forests
Mohammad Emadoddini اسماعیل سیفیThe Hyrcanian forests, located along the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, are a unique and ancient ecosystem. To preserve their genetic reserves, it is essential to examine the diversity of medicinal plants in these forests, including the date-plum or wild persimmon MoreThe Hyrcanian forests, located along the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, are a unique and ancient ecosystem. To preserve their genetic reserves, it is essential to examine the diversity of medicinal plants in these forests, including the date-plum or wild persimmon (Diospyros lotus L.). The aim of this research was to evaluate the native date-plum fruit harvested from three regions of the Hyrcanian forests including Gorgan, Aliabad, and Behshahr in terms of morphological, physicochemical, and antioxidant traits. Fruit samples were collected in November 2021 during commercial-local harvest and evaluated. The obtained results showed that the highest fruit weight, diameter, and volume were recorded in samples collected from Behshahr, while the lowest weight, length, diameter, and fruit volume were observed in fruits belonging to Gorgan. This research indicated that fruits collected from Behshahr were more elongated compared to Gorgan and Aliabad. The comparison of qualitative traits confirmed that the highest acidity and vitamin C content were observed in Behshahr; on the other hand, the highest pH and total soluble solids were recorded in the fruit samples of Gorgan. The maximum total phenol and flavonoid was related to Aliabad and Behshahr. Finally, the highest total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity was observed in Gorgan. Furthermore, this study found that fruit weight had a significant positive correlation with acidity but showed a significant negative correlation with pH and antioxidant capacity. Also, Fruit acidity had a significant negative correlation with antioxidant capacity and total anthocyanin. In contrast, pH and total soluble solids showed a significant positive correlation with total anthocyanin. In general, a great diversity was observed among the medicinal fruit of the wild date-plum collected from the three investigated regions in Hyrcanian forests with regard to the morphological, physicochemical, and antioxidant activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Evaluation of Morphological and Pytochemical Traits of Different Cultivars of Momordica charantia L. for Adaptation to Climatic Conditions of Zanjan Province
Zeynab Mohkami Azizollah Kheiry Mohsen Sani Khani Abbas BahariMomordica charantia L. belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is native to the east-south of Asia. The fruits of this plant are used to treat diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, cancer, and AIDS. Momordicin and charantin, two triterpenoid com MoreMomordica charantia L. belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is native to the east-south of Asia. The fruits of this plant are used to treat diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, cancer, and AIDS. Momordicin and charantin, two triterpenoid compounds existing in this plant, have strong anti-diabetic properties. Considering the positive effects of this plant in the treatment of diabetes, and in order to evaluate the adaptability of different cultivars of this plant, this research was conducted in a randomized complete block design in 2018 at the agricultural farm of university of Zanjan. During the growing season, some morphological and phytochemical traits such as pigments, total phenol content (fullene-cicalto), total flavonoid (aluminum chloride colorimetry) and antioxidant activity (DPPH), methanolic fruit extract, carbohydrate (phenol method) Sulfuric acid, vitamin C (iodometric) and momordicin and quarantine (HPLC) were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed that Vijay cultivar had higher phenolic content (28.5 mg gallic acid / g dry weight) and antioxidant capacity (69.42%) in compare to other cultivars. Also, the highest and lowest amount of secondary metabolites of momordicin and quarantine were observed in Vijay cultivar (0.182 and 0.603 mg / g dry weight, respectively) and Hybrid Baby Doll cultivar (0/038 and 0/183 30 mg/g DW, respectively), respectively. On the other hand, the highest amount of vitamin C (2676 μg / 100 ml of fruit juice), total acidity (0.022%) and total soluble solids (Brix index 53.5) were found in Jounpouri cultivar. Therefore, Vijay cultivar, which had more ability to secondary metabolites accumulation, was the best identified cultivar for the active medicinal substances extraction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and antioxidant activities in Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B.Fedtsch. seeds extract
Nastaran Kazemivash Ahmad Majd Sayeh Jafari Marandi Seyed Mahdi Rezayat -
Open Access Article
378 - Determining the relationship between physical activity levels and some psychological factors with lipid peroxidation and antioxidant index in middle-aged women
tahereh abbasiAbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of physical activity and some psychological factors on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant index in middle-aged women. The research method of the present study is correlational. The statist MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of physical activity and some psychological factors on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant index in middle-aged women. The research method of the present study is correlational. The statistical sample of this study included 30 middle-aged female employees of Gorgan Islamic Azad University who were systematically selected randomly. A researcher-made questionnaire to determine the level of physical activity and the standard Lavibund (1995) stress, anxiety and depression questionnaire were used to collect research data. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the data. The findings of the present study indicated that there is a significant relationship between the level of physical activity with lipid peroxidation and the total antioxidant index of middle-aged women. There is also a significant relationship between some psychological factors (stress, anxiety and depression) with lipid peroxidation in middle-aged women. While it was observed that there is no significant relationship with the total antioxidant index of middle-aged women. Findings indicate that the level of oxidative enzymes has a significant relationship with physical activity and psychological factors (stress, anxiety and depression), so it is important to pay attention to physical activity and modulate the level of psychological factors for health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs promoted green synthesis of new spironinhydrine derivatives
Narjes Haerizadeh Anvar Mirzae Atefeh Navabi -
Open Access Article
380 - Ag/TiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs MNCs promoted green synthesis of new spironinhydrine derivatives
Morad Avarsaji Zinatossadat Hossaini Ali Varasteh Moradi Hamid Reza Jalilian Ramin Zafar Mehrabian -
Open Access Article
381 - Evaluation of the chemical composition,antimicrobial and antioxidant of Potentilla recta extracts
hojjat azad Tooraj MehdizadehThe use of herbs has long been common in many societies. The importance of medicinal plants, with the intensification of the therapeutic effect, is that in many cases it can also avoid the toxicity and adverse effects of medication. In this study Potentilla recta, one o MoreThe use of herbs has long been common in many societies. The importance of medicinal plants, with the intensification of the therapeutic effect, is that in many cases it can also avoid the toxicity and adverse effects of medication. In this study Potentilla recta, one of the Iran and Azerbaijan region-native medicinal plants, was studied in terms of chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant effect. After collecting, drying and milling of plants, the methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts obtained by maceration method. To identify the constituents of the extracts, gas chromatography connected tomass spectrometry was conducted. The DPPH radical scavenging method used to measure the antioxidant potential and the results was reported based on the IC50 index. After determine MIC and MBC using broth micro dilution method, agar well diffusion assay conducted to assess the antimicrobial effect of extracts. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared using Duncan test at PL.monocytogenes microbial growth inhibition zone area (p <0.05). All prepared extracts had the ability to scavenging radical 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and the highest antioxidant potency after 30 minutes related to methanol extract. Most chemical compounds in methanol, ethanol and ethylacetate extracts, were respectively: methyllinoleate and ethyllinoleate. This study showed that the methanol extract of Potentilla recta has great antibacterial and antioxidant properties and with more research can be used in various applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of ascorbic acid on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillet during refrigerated storage
فریبرز قجقی سید پژمان حسینی شکرابی آتوسا محمدیIn this study the effect of preliminary ascorbic acid soaking treatments with two concentration 100 and 300 mg on the microbial growth and rancidity development in common carp fillet during refrigerated storage (4±1ºC) up to 21 days was investigated. Microbi MoreIn this study the effect of preliminary ascorbic acid soaking treatments with two concentration 100 and 300 mg on the microbial growth and rancidity development in common carp fillet during refrigerated storage (4±1ºC) up to 21 days was investigated. Microbial analysis including total viable counts and psychrophilic bacteria counts as well as the peroxide, total volatile basic-nitrogen, free fatty acids, thiobarbituric acid and pH were periodically measured every 7 days during storage period. According to the results, the treated sample with 300 mg ascorbic acid significantly reduced the total viable counts as well as psychrotrophic bacteria counts in comparison to other groups (p<0.05). The maximum and minimum amounts of peroxide value was calculated in the control (6.113±0.471 meq/kg) and 300 mg of ascorbic acid (3.933±0.045 meq/kg), respectively (p<0.05). The amount of total volatile base nitrogen was controlled just in 300 mg of ascorbic acid treatment than other treatments at the end of storage day (p<0.05). Increasing trend of thiobarbituric acid was significantly inhibited in 300 mg ascorbic acid treatment compared to control group during storage (p<0.05). The maximum value of free fatty acids (FFA) was obtained in the control (18.378±0.966%) (p<0.05), while the amount of FFA in 100 and 300 mg of ascorbic acid treatments were reached 9.967±0.911% and 7.017±0.267%, respectively. Results of bacterial and chemical analyses showed that bacterial growth and formation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation compounds were controlled by increasing ascorbic acid concentration which was corroborated by a longer shelf-life time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - The study of the production of mixture of Carrot juice and ice cream containing Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus casei
hanieh ghandali Alireza Shahab Lavasani sara movahhedThis study was performed to produce a probiotic carrot juice-ice cream beverage. Designed in a random factorial CRD manner. For this purpose, both Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis (at 108 and 109 cfu/ml levels) were added to beverage formulation. The sampl MoreThis study was performed to produce a probiotic carrot juice-ice cream beverage. Designed in a random factorial CRD manner. For this purpose, both Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium lactis (at 108 and 109 cfu/ml levels) were added to beverage formulation. The samples were stored at -5ºC for 21 days. Survival of bacteria, pH, titrable acidity (%), beta-carotene (%), total solids contents (%), phenolic components (µg/ml) and DPPH (%) were measured at 1, 6, 11, 16 days of storage. The number of viable cells were significantly decreased during the storage time. However, the number of L. casei and Bf. lactis were in the recommended range (106 cfu/ml) until last day of storage. The highest number of viable cells was for Bf. lactis. By increment the probiotics levels, the pH and total solids values were decreased. Treatments and storage time did not show any significant effect on the acidity of probiotic carrot juice-ice cream. The highest amounts of phenolic components were for 109 cfu/ml L. casei and 108 Bf. Lactis. During storage period, the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of all samples were significantly decreased. Increment the concentration of L. casei in beverage formulation leads to decreased DPPH percentage inhibitory, while, by increasing the Bf. lactis in samples, the antiradical activity was increased. Samples containing 109 cfu/ml L. casei and Bf. Lactis had the highest amounts of beta-carotene. According to obtained results, treatment E which contained 109 cfu/ml bifidobacteriun lactis was the best among other treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - Extraction of propolis extract and evaluation of its physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties as a natural preservative in food
Roghayeh Hatami Hoda Jafarizadeh Malmiri Afshin Javadi Navedeh AnarjanThe purpose of this research is extracting propolis using the methods of soaking in 20% and 70% ethanol and the effect of ultrasound in 20% ethanol, and evaluating its physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties as a natural preservative used in the food i MoreThe purpose of this research is extracting propolis using the methods of soaking in 20% and 70% ethanol and the effect of ultrasound in 20% ethanol, and evaluating its physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties as a natural preservative used in the food industry. The physicochemical properties, the amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracts were measured. The results showed that most of the number of phenolic compounds (94.19 mg/g), flavonoid (89.46 mg/g) and antioxidant property by DPPH method (92.63%) in ultrasonic extracts. And the lowest number of phenolic compounds (87.85 mg/g), flavonoid (82.20 mg/g) and antioxidant property (85.87%) are in the method of soaking in 20% ethanol. Also, the results of the investigation of the antimicrobial property by the diffusion ability method from the well showed that the most sensitive bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus (20 mm) in front of the ultrasonic extract. Regarding the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, there was no significant difference between the extracts (p<0.05) and none of the extracts had antibacterial power against Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The highest ability of Candida albicans (36 mm) was with ultrasonic extract, and in the investigation of the growth of Aspergillus niger after spraying for 8 days, the lowest growth rate was obtained with ultrasonic extract (9 mm) and then 70% ethanol extract (10 mm). Based on this, the amount of phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds was 70% more than the 20% ethanol extract, and in the ultrasound, method based on Hurdel technology, a large number of active compounds were found in the 20% ethanol solvent in a short period of time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Comparison of UV-C radiation and pasteurization on chemical and microbial properties of cherry juice
Kimia Dorosti Mohammad Goli Sharife ShahiNon-thermal processes such as ultraviolet radiation can be used for maintaining the beneficial and nutritious compounds of juices. This study was investigated the effect of pasteurization (LTLT) and UV-C radiation at doses of 8, 15 and 30 Won ascorbic acid, anthocyanins MoreNon-thermal processes such as ultraviolet radiation can be used for maintaining the beneficial and nutritious compounds of juices. This study was investigated the effect of pasteurization (LTLT) and UV-C radiation at doses of 8, 15 and 30 Won ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, total phenol and antioxidant capacity changes of cherry juice immediately after processing, and some chemical ( pH, acidity and color) and microbial properties for 120 days at room temperature (25 °C). Based on the results, irradiation at 10 minutes caused a significant increase in pH value. The titratable acidity level increased during the storage period and confirmed the pH results. Cherry juice treated with UV-C radiation had higher content of ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, total phenol and antioxidant activity compared to pasteurized samples. Increasing the dose and time irradiation had a positive effect on increasing the ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, total phenol and antioxidant activity. The brightness (L*) and redness (a*) indexes in irradiated samples were significantly higher than the pasteurized samples. Among the different treatments, irradiated samples at a dose of 30 W for 6 and 10 minutes were superior to other treatments in terms of qualitative and microbial properties. At the end of the storage period, the lowest count of mold and yeasts was obtained in the irradiated sample at a dose of 30 W for 10 minutes. Overall, it can be concluded that UV-C radiation is suggested as a suitable alternative to the pasteurization process (LTLT) of cherry juice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Optimization of culture medium for exopolysaccharide production by native strains of Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and commercial strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus
Maryam Enteshari Najafabadi Leila Roozbeh Nasiraie Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Hamidreza NooriExopolysaccharides, compounds derived from the metabolites of probiotic bacteria, play an important role in regulating the immune system. Considering the role of culture medium in the production efficiency of exopolysaccharides, the aim of this investigation was to opti MoreExopolysaccharides, compounds derived from the metabolites of probiotic bacteria, play an important role in regulating the immune system. Considering the role of culture medium in the production efficiency of exopolysaccharides, the aim of this investigation was to optimize the culture medium for the production of exopolysaccharides by Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. In addition, the effect of dextrose and sucrose on the production of exopolysaccharide was investigated using paper disks impregnated with probiotic culture medium. Then, the production efficiency and inhibitory power of exopolysaccharide free radicals were investigated in the culture medium after whey alone and with yeast extract and peptone. Sucrose as a carbon source of optimal culture medium for the production of exopolysaccharide is more suitable than dextrose. In addition, the production efficiency and inhibition of free radicals by exopolysaccharides of native probiotic strains in all culture media was significantly higher than commercial strains, which could be due to different enzyme mechanisms. In the cell wall of L. fermentum and L. plantarum is involved in the breakdown of sugars, which plays an important role in the formation of the final structure of the exopolysaccharide. Therefore, it is suggested that for L plantarum and L fermentum, YS culture medium with high production efficiency should be used and there is no significant difference for ATCC bacteria. For medicinal use, we recommend YD culture medium for NIMBB003 bacteria, SS culture medium for NIMBB014 bacteria, and SD culture medium for ATCC bacteria, which has better antioxidant properties and efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - The study of addition of green tea extract on some physicochemical and sensory properties of probiotic set yogurt
Nasrin Azarjam Ali Reza Shahab Lavasani Anooshe SharifanIn this study, supplementation of probiotic stirred yogurt by different percentages of green tea extract and measurement of survival rate of lactobacillus casei also some physicochemical and sensory properties were studied during storage in refrigerator. Four treatments MoreIn this study, supplementation of probiotic stirred yogurt by different percentages of green tea extract and measurement of survival rate of lactobacillus casei also some physicochemical and sensory properties were studied during storage in refrigerator. Four treatments were made with different percentages of green tea extract as follows: T1, T2, T3 and T4, which involved (0, 2, 4 and 6%) of green tea extract respectively. T1 as a control sample and also concentration of l. casei for all treatments was regulated about 108 cfu/ml. Three replications were determined for each sample and all experiments were done according to Completely Randomized Design (CRD) during (1, 7 and 14) days of storage. The highest content of acidity was attributed to T4, the highest value for dry matter was attributed to T1. Fat % of all treatments was constant during storage and total phenol for T4 was the highest content. The measurement of survival rate of all treatments showed that T4 had highest value. Synersis% of T4 was highest value. Sensory evaluations were carried out according to hedonics’ test and all sensorial scores decreased by adding tea extract. Totally addition of green tea extract had negatively effects on synersis content according to microbial, physicochemical and sensory evaluations, the best treatments was T2 among other treatments and had more similarity to T1 as a control sample. The addition of green tea extracts up to 2% could be improve viability of L. casei and also did not undesirable effect on sensory properties of probiotic set yogurt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - Evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Apium petroseli-num essential oil on food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria
Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori Mahmoud Rafieian-kopaei Ali Sharafati Chaleshtori Elham SalehiIn this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and its antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria studied in vitro. Having extracted the essential oil, the total pheno MoreIn this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and its antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria studied in vitro. Having extracted the essential oil, the total phenols were determined colorimetrically and the antioxidant activities evaluated by bleaching of β-Carotene. Its antibacterial effects in the form of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by Micro Dilution method against Alcaligenes faecalis, Providensia rettgeri, Serratia marcesens, Klebsiella oxitoka, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Listeria monocytogenes. The results revealed that the amount of total phenols was 8.18±0.45 mg/g equivalent with Gallic acid and the antioxidant activities were 45±1.52 %. In addition, the APEO had antimicrobial effects on the above bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was between 1.562 and 12.5 and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was between 3.125 and 25 mg/ml. Therefore, APEO, because of having phenolic contents, enjoys antioxidant activities and antibacterial effects recommending as a suitable preservative in food industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Apium petroselinum essential oil on food spoilage and pathogenic
Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori Mahmoud Rafieian Kopaei Ali Sharafati Chaleshtori Elham Salehi Abstract In this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and it's antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria was in vitro studied. Having extracted the essential oil More Abstract In this study, the total phenols and antioxidant activities of Apium petroselinum essential oil (APEO) were determined and it's antibacterial effects on seven food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria was in vitro studied. Having extracted the essential oil, the total phenols were determined colorimetrically and the antioxidant activities evaluated by bleaching of β-Carotene. Its antibacterial effects in the form of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by Micro Dilution method against Alcaligenes faecalis, Providensia rettgeri, Serratia marcesens, Klebsiella oxitoka, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Listeria monocytogenes. The results revealed that the amount of total phenols was 8.18±0.45 mg/g equivalent with Gallic acid and the antioxidant activities were 45±1.52 %. In addition, the APEO had antimicrobial effects on the above bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was between 1.562 and 12.5 and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was between 3.125 and 25 mg/ml. Therefore, APEO, because of having phenolic contents, enjoys antioxidant activities and antibacterial effects recommending as a suitable preservative in food industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - مطالعه فارماکوگنوزی، آنالیز شیمیایی و پتانسیل آنتی اکسیدانی گیاه Leucas indica L. (R. Br.)
جاشری جاسوتکار راپالی شیرسات دیپاک کوچیBackground & Aim: Leucas indica L. (R. Br.) is a lesser known aromatic herb of family Lamiaceae. Traditionally it was use to cure cough and cold by tribals of Southern India. The present work was aimed to investigate its pharmacognostic characters, major phytochemic MoreBackground & Aim: Leucas indica L. (R. Br.) is a lesser known aromatic herb of family Lamiaceae. Traditionally it was use to cure cough and cold by tribals of Southern India. The present work was aimed to investigate its pharmacognostic characters, major phytochemicals and antioxidant potential as possible replacement of its allied members to reduce their exploitation. Experimental: The fine details of stem and leaves of L. indica were noted including vasculature, cortical and epidermal depositions, trichome structure and stomata. The fluorescence analysis of leaf powder was done using various laboratory chemicals and reagents. The methanol leaf extract was analyzed using HPTLC to identify major active compounds and antioxidant potential was studied using standard method. Results: Both simple and glandular trichomes were present on stem as well as leaves. The fluorescence analysis of powdered drug material after interaction with different laboratory chemicals showed distinct colorations. The preliminary analysis revealed the phytochemical richness of the plant. Most phytoconstituents were found to be extracted in methanol solvent. The HPTLC analysis of methanol extract showed presence of a range of phenolics and flavonoids. The chromatogram showed availability of rutin, ferulic acid, catechin and apigenin which makes this plant as a possible antioxidant drug candidate. Recommended applications/industries: The rich chemical diversity of this plant and significant antioxidant potential could be used as good natural source for herbal pharmaceuticals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - عصاره اتانولی شاهدانه و ترامادول درجات مسمومیت مشابهی را در موشهای صحرایی ماده ایجاد کردند
چینومسو آرون امانوئل اکوبوگو سلیمان ایجیوما رابرت اوروکو اوچه آرونسی کینگزلی اوگووانی ویکتور اوگویکBackground & Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of Cannabis sativa local gin formulation (CSLGF) and tramadol in adult female Wistar rats.Experimental: Cannabis sativa local gin formulation (CSLGF) was prepared and was subjected to acute toxi MoreBackground & Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the toxic effects of Cannabis sativa local gin formulation (CSLGF) and tramadol in adult female Wistar rats.Experimental: Cannabis sativa local gin formulation (CSLGF) was prepared and was subjected to acute toxicity tests together with tramadol. In the main study, 25 rats were assigned into 5 groups (n = 5) in which the group 1 received no treatment, groups 2 and 3 received 25 and 50 mg/kg of tramadol, respectively while groups 4 and 5 received 25 and 50 mg/kg of CSLGF, respectively, for 21 days before the rats were sacrificed.Results: Acute toxicity results indicated narrow margins of safety for CSLGF and tramadol with LD50 values of 123.0 and 133.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The rats treated with CSLGF lost weight significantly while that administered tramadol had lower weight gains when compared with the control (P<0.05). The red blood cell counts, packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentrations were significantly lowered by CSLGF (P<0.05). However, a significant increase in the number of platelets and white blood cells were observed in groups treated with both CSLGF and tramadol. Results of biochemical changes showed a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, urea and creatinine with a concurrent decrease in total protein, albumin and globulin values following treatment with both agents (P<0.05), but serum electrolytes concentrations were not significantly altered (P>0.05). Treatment with CSLGF and tramadol also significantly lowered glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities but increased malondialdehyde concentrations when compared with control.Recommended applications/industries: The findings show that although the toxic effects of CSLGF and tramadol in rats are similar, CSLGF appears to have higher toxicity potentials. Extending the current control on tramadol to CSLGF (monkey tail) is urgently needed in Nigeria to protect human lives. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - مطالعه آزمایشگاهی بر روی فعالیت ضد داسی شدن سلولی در Terminalia arjuna و Terminalia bellirica
آناند دیلید فیرودییا آبین مانی ویجای تاوانیBackground & Aim:Combretaceae family is known for efficacy in the management of sickle cell disorder (SCD). Based on the earlier reports of anti-sickling property of Terminalia genus the study investigates in vitro antisickling properties of Terminalia MoreBackground & Aim:Combretaceae family is known for efficacy in the management of sickle cell disorder (SCD). Based on the earlier reports of anti-sickling property of Terminalia genus the study investigates in vitro antisickling properties of Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia bellirica. Experimental: Anti-sickling assay of methanolic and aqueous extract of T. arjuna and T. bellirica on sickled RBCs were evaluated at different concentrations. The osmotic fragility test was done to explore the effect of extracts on haemoglobin S solubility and sickle cell membrane stability. Additionally antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of extracts was evaluated. Results: Treatment with the plant extracts at different concentrations showed decrease in percentage of sickled cells. Extract of T. arjuna had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) antisickling activity at the tested concentrations of 10 mg/ml. The methanolic extract at 10 mg/ml showed the best cell membrane stability as compared to T. bellirica extract. It was observed that, T. bellirica extract was deficient of alkaloid and tannins. Moreover, all extracts/fractions showed antioxidant activity, although lesser as compared to the standard. Recommended applications/industries: It was observed that the leaf extracts of T. arjuna has a significant antisickling effect, hence it can be potentially used in clinical management of SCD. The bioactive compounds can be used to supplement as well as management drug for sickle cell disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - اثر تنش شوری بر رشد رویشی و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانی و دفاعی در گیاه زنجبیل (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)
ایمانه دهقانی اکبر مستاجرانمقدمه و هدف: گیاه زنجبیل با نام علمیZingiber officinale Roscoe. متعلق به خانواده زنجبیل(Zingiberaceae) میباشد که علاوه بر ارزش غذایی در صنایع داروسازی نیز کاربرد وسیعی دارد. به دلیل قرارگیری کشور ایران در مناطق شور، شوری یکی از مشکلات اساسی در کشت گونه­های گی Moreمقدمه و هدف: گیاه زنجبیل با نام علمیZingiber officinale Roscoe. متعلق به خانواده زنجبیل(Zingiberaceae) میباشد که علاوه بر ارزش غذایی در صنایع داروسازی نیز کاربرد وسیعی دارد. به دلیل قرارگیری کشور ایران در مناطق شور، شوری یکی از مشکلات اساسی در کشت گونه­های گیاهی بومی و نیز غیربومی نظیر زنجبیل می باشد و از آن جا که تنش شوری سبب فعال شدن سیستم آنتی اکسیدانی و دفاعی در گیاهان می­باشد. لذا در پژوهش حاضر اثر سطوح مختلف تنش شوری بر روی خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانتی گیاه زنجبیل مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: این تحقیق در یک طرح بلوکهای تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد که تیمار شوری در 4 سطح با استفاده از کلرور سدیم در محلول غذایی هوگلند در سطوح شوری 2 (شاهد)، 4، 6 و 8 دسی زیمنس بر متر در یک دوره 14 روزه برروی گیاهان یکماهه اعمال گردید. نتایج و بحث: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که گیاه زنجبیل دارای تحمل متوسط نسبت به نمک NaCl بوده و افزایش شوری سبب کاهش غلظت کلروفیل a، b، نسبت کلروفیل a/b و کلروفیل کل شده و در نتیجه کاهش رشد و تجمع ماده خشک را به دنبال داشت. علی­رغم اثر مضر شوری بر رشد رویشی زنجبیل شوری 4 dsm-1 سبب افزایش فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانی نظیر کاتالاز و دفاعی نظیر (Phenylalanine) Ammonia Lyase PAL و TAL (Tyrosine Ammonia Lyase) نسبت به شاهد گردید ولی شوری های 6 و 8 dsm-1 سبب کاهش فعالیت این آنزیم­ها شد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج تحقیق به نظر می­رسد که با کشت گیاه در شوری­های 2 و 4 dsm-1 بتوان از خواص آنتی اکسیدانی و دفاعی آن در صنایع غذایی، داروسازی و عطر سازی بیشتر بهره جست. احتمالاً کشت این گیاه جهت بهره­برداری از ریزوم در شرایط کنترل شده گل­خانه­ای و فراهم نمودن شرایط فیزیولوژیکی مناسب نیز امکان پذیر می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - اثربخشی گیاه سرخارگل (Echinacea purpurea L) در فعالیت ضد آکسیدانی تام سرم خون در جوجه های گوشتی
غلام رضا قلم کاری نصیر لندی مجید طغیانی فریبرز معطر عباس عابد اصفهانی مریم اعرج شیروانیمقدمه و هدف: این آزمایش جهت ارزیابی تأثیر سطوح مختلف سرخارگل در مقایسه با یک آنتی بیوتیک (فلاووفسفولیپول) در فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی تام سرم خون جوجه های گوشتی انجام شد. روش تحقیق: در این آزمایش 240 جوجه گوشتی یک روزه (راس 308) وزن شدند و به صورت تصادفی به 5 تیمار، با 4 تکرا Moreمقدمه و هدف: این آزمایش جهت ارزیابی تأثیر سطوح مختلف سرخارگل در مقایسه با یک آنتی بیوتیک (فلاووفسفولیپول) در فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی تام سرم خون جوجه های گوشتی انجام شد. روش تحقیق: در این آزمایش 240 جوجه گوشتی یک روزه (راس 308) وزن شدند و به صورت تصادفی به 5 تیمار، با 4 تکرار شامل 12 جوجه اختصاص داده شدند. 5 تیمار شامل: 1. جیره پایه، 2. جیره پایه حاوی آنتی بیوتیک (5/4 میلی گرم فلاووفسفولیپول بر کیلوگرم جیره)، 3. جیره ی پایه حاوی 5 گرم پودر اندام هوایی سرخارگل در کیلوگرم جیره، 4. جیره پایه حاوی 10 گرم پودر اندام هوایی سرخارگل در کیلوگرم جیره، 5. جیره پایه حاوی 25/0 گرم عصاره سرخارگل در کیلوگرم جیره، بودند. میزان فلاونول –o – گلیکوزید تام بر حسب کورستین در پودر اندام هوایی و عصاره اندازه گیری شد و فلاونول –o – گلیکوزید تام بر حسب کورستین در جیره حاوی 5 گرم سرخارگل بر کیلوگرم جیره و جیره حاوی عصاره مساوی بود. در 42 روزگی نمونه خون گرفته شد و جهت اندازه گیری فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی تام سرم خون مورد تجزیه قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد استفاده از 10 گرم سرخارگل بر کیلوگرم جیره بالاترین فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی تام سرم را در مقایسه با دیگر گروه ها داشت. عصاره الکلی نیز فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی بالاتری در مقایسه با گروه کنترل و آنتی بیوتیک داشت، اما این تفاوت معنی دار نبود. استفاده از 5 گرم سرخارگل بر کیلوگرم جیره باعث افزایش فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی تام سرم نسبت به گروه های کنترل، آنتی بیوتیک و عصاره ی الکلی گردید، اما این تفاوت معنی دار نبود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان می دهد که استفاده از 10 گرم سرخارگل بر کیلوگرم جیره فعالیت ضد اکسیدانی تام سرم خون را در جوجه های گوشتی بهبود بخشید. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به خطر به وجود آمدن جمعیت های میکروبی مقاوم به آنتی بیوتیک در اثر استفاده مداوم از آنتی بیوتیک ها در جیره ی دام و با توجه به نتایج حاصله از این آزمایش و سایر مطالعات می توان از پودر سرخارگل به عنوان یک جایگزین برای آنتی بیوتیک در جیره ی غذایی طیور استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - پتانسیل عصاره Aju Mbaise (AME) بر بهبود استرس اکسیداتیو و آسیب کبدی ناشی از دوتاستراید در موش صحرایی
رابرت اوروکو الیشا اوگو پل نیوجی-آنیالوو ایکنا اوبیورو چینومسو هارون اوبینا امباBackground & Aim: Aju Mbaise is a polyherbal extract with nutraceutical properties that helps to replenish the volume of blood lost during childbirth and improves breast milk secretion and the general wellbeing of the mother. This study evaluated the ameli MoreBackground & Aim: Aju Mbaise is a polyherbal extract with nutraceutical properties that helps to replenish the volume of blood lost during childbirth and improves breast milk secretion and the general wellbeing of the mother. This study evaluated the ameliorative potentials of Aju Mbaise extract (AME) on Dutasteride-induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury in rats. Twenty-one rats were used to assess the acute toxicity of AME.Experimental: The study for the hepatoprotective effects of AME had five groups of rats, including normal control, Dutasteride only, AME only, Dutasteride + AME (500 mg/kg) and Dutasteride+ AME (1000 mg/kg).Results: The acute toxicity result showed that AME is relatively safe for consumption. Dutasteride caused significant elevation of liver marker enzymes, including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly reduced catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), total proteins, albumin, and globulin levels in the rats received only Dutasteride. In contrast, Dutasteride induced rats treated with AME showed a significant decline in the AST, ALT, ALP, MDA, and bilirubin and significantly increased SOD, GSH, GPx, total proteins, albumin, and globulin levels compared to Dutasteride induced untreated rats. The AME-treated rats showed normal liver histo-architecture, unlike the Dutasteride-induced untreated rats that showed mild to moderate vacuolar degeneration of the hepatocytes.Recommended applications/industries: The findings show that AME ameliorates Dutasteride caused rats oxidative stress and hepatic injury. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Raphia australis: سمیت حاد، ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی و اثر کاهنده فشار خون در موش های مبتلا به فشار خون بالا
شارلوت تاتا کنستانس سویانی-روسیکه اولوکایود آرمو بندیکتا نکه-چونگگBackground & Aim: The fruits of R. australis are eaten as snacks in some West and Central African countries. This study was aimed at evaluating the safety, antioxidant capacity and antihypertensive effects of these fruits.Experimental: The acute toxicity of the extr MoreBackground & Aim: The fruits of R. australis are eaten as snacks in some West and Central African countries. This study was aimed at evaluating the safety, antioxidant capacity and antihypertensive effects of these fruits.Experimental: The acute toxicity of the extract of R. australis extract (RAE) was evaluated through single and short term oral exposure of mice to RAE. Total phenols and flavonoid contents were quantified followed by 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated with RAE and blood pressure (BP) was measured after once off treatment (phase I) and in the course of 4 weeks treatment (phase II).Results: The LD50 of RAE was greater than 5000 mg/kg. RAE had mild antioxidant capacity and significantly (P<0.001) decreased systolic and diastolic BP in both once off treatment and 4 weeks treatment while decreasing urine output and increasing feces output.Recommended applications/industries: These results indicate that Raphia australis is not toxic and thus is safe for consumption. Pharmaceutically, it has mild antioxidant and significant antihypertensive properties. It also has the ability to improve appetite, increase bulk thus aiding in peristalsis and waste removal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - ارزیابی تأثیر متغیر های فراصوت بر استخراج ترکیبات فنولی موجود در پوست سبز بادام (Prunus amygdalus)
ویکتوریا مسعودی اعظم اعرابیمقدمه و هدف: استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از باقی مانده محصولات کشاورزی برای توسعه محصولات با ارزش افزوده مهم است. بادام(Prunusamygdalus)یکی از محصولات کشاورزی بومی کشور است که به مقدار زیاد در کشور پرورش داده میشود. در این مطالعه از پوست سبز بادام به­ عنوان یک محصول Moreمقدمه و هدف: استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از باقی مانده محصولات کشاورزی برای توسعه محصولات با ارزش افزوده مهم است. بادام(Prunusamygdalus)یکی از محصولات کشاورزی بومی کشور است که به مقدار زیاد در کشور پرورش داده میشود. در این مطالعه از پوست سبز بادام به­ عنوان یک محصول جانبی که امروزه صرفاً برای تغذیه دام استفاده میشود جهت بررسی استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک و خاصیت آنتی­اکسیدانی آنها استفاده شده است. روش تحقیق: در این تحقیق استخراج ترکیبات فنولی با استفاده از امواج فراصوت به روش سطح پاسخ و با کمک نرم­ افزار مینی تب مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و اثر چهار پارامتر دما، زمان تیمار با فراصوت، فرکانس امواج فراصوت و غلظت اتانول هر کدام در پنج سطح بر میزان استخراج ترکیبات فنولی مورد بررسی و بهینهسازی قرار گرفت. در نهایت تاثیر نسبت حلال به ماده جامد بر میزان استخراج این ترکیبات بررسی شده م با روش متداول سوکسله مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج آزمون­ها بر اساس طراحی انجام شده نشان داد که مقدار بهینه استخراج در شرایطی که اتانول 86 %، دما 50 درجه سانتیگراد، زمان 75 دقیقه و فرکانس 163هرتز باشد بهدست میآید. همچنین تأثیر نسبت حلال به ماده جامد (پوست بادام ) در نسبت­های (w/w 1:10، 1:20، 1:30، 1:40) طبق شرایط بهینه به­ دست آمده در مرحله قبل با امواج فراصوت ارزیابی گردید و ظرفیت آنتی­اکسیدانی عصاره­ های استخراج شده در این شرایط با روش مهار رادیکال آزادDPPHاندازه­گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنولیک و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی در نسبت 40:1 حلال به ماده جامد به ترتیب برابر 19/1134 میلی­گرم بر گرم ماده خشک و 42/87 درصد به دست آمد. نتایج این نسبت از حلال و ماده جامد با نتایج به­دست آمده از استخراج ترکیبات فنولیک با روش سوکسله و در حضور اتانول خالص تفاوت معناداری را در ترکیبات فنولیک و ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی آن نشان داد. توصیههای کاربردی/ صنعتی:. کاربرد تکنیکهای جدید از جمله امواج فراصوت در استخراج ترکیبات فنولی از منابع گیاهی میتواند راهکار موثری نه تنها برای افزایش میزان استخراج این ترکیبات باشد بلکه به دلیل زمان کوتاهتر، آسیب کمتری نیز به این ترکیبات وارد میشود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - پتانسیل ضد میکروبی و آنتی اکسیدانی کشت کالوس Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb
بوسکی پانچولی ام گوتامBackground & Aim: Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb. ex Spreng. (Family: Convolvulaceae) known as “Shankhpushpi” is reported to be brain tonic and useful in CNS disorder, hypertension, thyrotoxicosis and ulcer. Tissue culture technique has been optimized for MoreBackground & Aim: Convolvulus microphyllus Sieb. ex Spreng. (Family: Convolvulaceae) known as “Shankhpushpi” is reported to be brain tonic and useful in CNS disorder, hypertension, thyrotoxicosis and ulcer. Tissue culture technique has been optimized for the large scale production of medicinally important plant independent from climatic and geographic conditions. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were performed and compared with in vivo. Active compounds with biological activities were isolated, identified from the callus extracts. These biological constituents can be propagated in large amount with low cost use tissue culture techniques. Experimental: Cell cultures of C. microphyllus have been established using Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D). Callus was harvested at different time intervals of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks and their antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials along with the isolation of active compounds isolation were carried out using established protocols.Results: Ethanolic extracts of 2 weeks-old callus demonstrated appreciable antifungal activity against Penicillium chrysogenum and Tricophyton rubrum (inhibition zone of 14.66 ± 0.66 and 14.00 ± 0.57 mm respectively) while maximum antibacterial activity was recorded in 6 and 4 weeks-old callus against Klebsiella pneumoniae (Inhibition zone of 14.66 ± 0.61 mm and 14.33 ± 0.59 mm respectively). Antioxidant potentials were more in plant extract (IC50 0.055 mg/ml and 510 ± 20.02 ascorbic acid equivalents) as compared to callus. Phenolic acids viz., caffeic-, p- coumaric-, ferulic-, gallic-, vanillic- and syringic acids were isolated and screened for antimicrobial efficacy.Recommended applications/industries: The callus extract shows similar results as that of In vivo plant. Two week old callus exhibit most profound antifungal and 4 to 6 week for antimicrobial activities. Callus extract shows similar bio-potentials and secondary metabolites level, so it can be used for large scale production of biologically active phytochemicals with antimicrobial properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - خواص آنتی اکسیدانی و تجزیه و تحلیل GC-MS عصاره برگ های Sida acuta
آکیم یوسف تمیدایو اوگونمویول مری اوگوندارBackground & Aim: Active search for plants with diverse antioxidant and pharmacological properties capable of counteracting the deleterious effects of free radical-mediated pathologies, is still evolving. The current study investigates the phytochemical screening, a MoreBackground & Aim: Active search for plants with diverse antioxidant and pharmacological properties capable of counteracting the deleterious effects of free radical-mediated pathologies, is still evolving. The current study investigates the phytochemical screening, antioxidant mechanisms and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis of leaf extract of Sida acuta.Experimental: Powdered leaves of the plant was extracted in ethanol, methanol and water. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents of the extracts were measured using established protocols. Also, free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide radicals (NO•.) as well as the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were also evaluated. Furthermore, the structure and relative abundance of bioactive compounds in the methanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta was determined on GC-MS.Results: Results indicated that the total phenol and flavonoids content is significantly (P<0.05) higher in methanolic extract when compare with extracts from other solvents. Additionally, DPPH radical scavenging potency and FRAP of the extract is in the order; methanolic> aqueous> ethanolic, while the aqueous extract elicits significant NO• radical scavenging properties when compared with other solvents. The GC-MS chromatogram of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant reveals the presence of 23 bioactive compounds. Taking together, the relative abundance of phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity of Sida acuta leaves is partly contingent on the choice of extraction solvent.Recommended applications/industries: The presence of various bioactive compounds justifies the use of the plant for diverse remedies in traditional medicine and the need for further studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - بررسی محتوای فنلی، فلاونوئیدی و توانایی آنتی اکسیدانی برگ، گل، دانه و اسانس گیاه دارویی اسطوخودوس Lavandula officinalis در مقایسه با آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی
شاهین مردانی نژادBackground & Aim: Lavandula officinalis is one of great importance due to its aromatic compounds and medicinal uses but not many studies have been done on the antioxidant power of different plant organs.Experimental: Antioxidant ability of Lavender leaves, flowers, MoreBackground & Aim: Lavandula officinalis is one of great importance due to its aromatic compounds and medicinal uses but not many studies have been done on the antioxidant power of different plant organs.Experimental: Antioxidant ability of Lavender leaves, flowers, seeds and essential oil based on inhibition of free radicals and nitric oxide, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation by ferric thiocyanate and inhibition of malondialdehyde by thiobarbituric acid in compare with synthetic antioxidants Butyl Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) and Butyl Hydroxy Anisole (BHA) were measured.Results: The phenolic and flavonoid content of the leaf was 96.49±6.35 (µg gallic acid per mg dry weight of the extract) and 39.97±3.36 (µg of catechins per mg dry weight of the extract) respectively, more than other samples. In the study of antioxidant power, plant leaf extract with 48.66±5.5 μg was able to inhibit 50% of DPPH radicals, which had a weaker ability than synthetic antioxidants. The leaf extract of the plant had a higher ability than the synthetic antioxidant BHA to inhibit nitric oxide radicals and its ability was as high as BHT. The ability to inhibit the linoleic acid peroxidation of leaf and flower extracts at the beginning of the functional test showed similar BHT and BHA, at the end, the ability of leaf extract was stronger than BHA and weaker than BHT. The inhibitory potential of malondialdehyde leaf extract (82.66±1.5%) was better than BHA and weaker than BHT. Pearson correlation coefficients between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of samples were high. Examination of leaf essential oil using GC-MS technique showed the presence of phenolic compounds in the plant.Recommended applications/industries: Due to the dangers of synthetic antioxidants in the food industry, the results of this study could introduce another application of this plant in terms of strong antioxidant properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - بررسی فعالیتهای آنتی اکسیدانی و مهارکنندگی تیروزیناز برخی گیاهان دارویی منتخب نپال
سومان گیری منوج پاندیت سنگیتا ادیکاری پاریدی کوار سادیشیا پودل سام بهادر سورش جیوال شیلا گورنگBackground & Aim:Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds present in plants. It includes glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, etc. Among them, some of them possess antioxidant property, which is responsible f MoreBackground & Aim:Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds present in plants. It includes glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, carbohydrates, etc. Among them, some of them possess antioxidant property, which is responsible for regulation of free radicals in the body and tyrosinase inhibitory activity that results in the reduction in melanin synthesis. In addition, phytochemicals provide different health benefits to humans. Thus, the aim of the study was to determine antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of some selected medicinal plants of Nepal. Experimental: Phytochemical screening of methanolic extracts of test samples was performed with various reagents and the phenol and flavonoid contents were also determined. Antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH free radical scavenging method and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was performed by mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory method. The presence of phytochemicals was confirmed by the visual color change upon addition of test reagents. The higher phenol and flavonoid contents among the selected plants were found to have better antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Results: Among the selected plants, Diploknema butyraceae had the highest phenol content (665.33 ± 0.0 mg GAE/g dry extract weight) and flavonoid content (728 ± 0.3 mg quercetin/g dry extract weight) and showed similar DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 value 6.012 μg/ml) to standard ascorbic acid (IC50 value 4.73 μg/ml). In addition to this, mushroom tyrosinase inhibition was also found highest in the same plant (31.07 ± 2.13 %) followed by Jatropha curcas (17.51± 0.49 %), Woodfordia fruticosa (16.95 ± 2.24 %) and least in Crateva unilocularis (1.41 ± 2.13%). Recommended applications/industries: The results above showed some probability of Diploknema butyraceae with potential tyrosinase inhibitory property. Therefore, further studies should be focused on isolation of active constituents responsible for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیتهای بیولوژیکی Nepeta hindostana (Roth) Haines، Nepeta graciliflora Benth. و Nepeta cataria L. از هند
مونیکا جوشی راوندرا کومار ام پراکاش آنیل پانت D. راواتBackground & Aim:Intraditional medicine system, Nepeta species are widely used to reduce chicken pox, tuberculosis, malaria, pneumonia, influenza, measles, stomach disorders, eye complaints, respiratory disorders, asthma, colds, coughs etc. The aim of the present st MoreBackground & Aim:Intraditional medicine system, Nepeta species are widely used to reduce chicken pox, tuberculosis, malaria, pneumonia, influenza, measles, stomach disorders, eye complaints, respiratory disorders, asthma, colds, coughs etc. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils from three species of genus Nepeta viz: Nepeta hindostana (Roth) Haines (NHO), Nepeta graciliflora Benth (NGO) and Nepeta cataria L (NCO). Experimental: The essential oils were analysed by the combination of GC and GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was tested by using reducing power assay, metal chelating of Fe2 +assay, and DPPH radical scavenging assay. In-vitro antinflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay and anti-diabetic activity was determined by using α-amylase assay. Results: The major components present in NCO, NHO and NGO were cis-nepetalactone (69.78%), β-farnesene (43.41%) and sesquisabinene (28.75%), respectively. NCO showed the highest percentage inhibition of DPPH radical (IC50=5.89 µl/ml) followed by NHO (IC50=8.63 µl/ml) and then NGO (IC50=13.81 µl/ml). In terms of reducing power assay and metal chelating of Fe2+ assay, the highest antioxidant activity was also shown by NCO. Among the tested essential oil, NCO showed highest in-vitro anti-inflammatory potential (IC50 18.463±0.14 µg/ml) followed by NGO and NHO with IC50 22.035±0.11 µg/ml and 26.17±0.14 µg/ml, respectively. NHO showed maximum antidiabetic activity with IC50 8.92±0.10 µg/ml of α-amylase. Recommended applications/industries: On the basis of present research work it is marked that the essential oil of Nepeta hindostana (Roth) Haines, Nepeta graciliflora Benth. and Nepeta cataria L. is a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic agent indicating their potentiality in the field of food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - ارزیابی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره برگ درخت توت سفید (.Morus alba L)
پریسا صدیق آرا عباس برینمقدمه و هدف: امروزه به سبب عوارض جانبی آنتی اکسیدان های سنتتیک، تمایل به استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان های طبیعی به ویژه با منشأ گیاهی افزایش یافته است. در این مطالعه فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی برگ درخت توت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته شد.روش تحقیق: در ابتدا با توجه به اینکه خاصیت آ Moreمقدمه و هدف: امروزه به سبب عوارض جانبی آنتی اکسیدان های سنتتیک، تمایل به استفاده از آنتی اکسیدان های طبیعی به ویژه با منشأ گیاهی افزایش یافته است. در این مطالعه فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی برگ درخت توت مورد بررسی قرار گرفته شد.روش تحقیق: در ابتدا با توجه به اینکه خاصیت آنتی کسیدانی اکلیل کوهی (Rosmarrnus Officinalis L.) به اثبات رسیده است، این گیاه به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد. عصاره آبی و الکلی رزماری و برگ توت با آزمون ارزیابی احیا یون مس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس میزان مهار لیپید پراکسیداسیون چربی های زرده تخم مرغ توسط توسط عصاره الکلی برگ توت در سه غلظتmg/L 2/0 و 2 و20 توسط آزمون تیوباربیتوریک اندازه گیری شد.نتایج و بحث: یافته های آزمایش نشان داد که قدرت احیا عصاره توت در دو فاز آبی و الکلی از رزماری بیشتر است. هم­چنین میزان لیپید پراکسیداسیون در سیستم زرده تخم مرغ در دو گروه mg/L 2 و 20 به طور معنی داری کاهش یافت.توصیه کاربردی /صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج این بررسی عصاره برگ درخت توت دارای توان آنتی اکسیدانی قابل ملاحظه ای جهت استفاده در صنعت غذا است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - اثرات نفروپروتکتیو عصاره برگ Mammea africana علیه آسیب کلیه ناشی از پاراستامول
چودفیوم اوکوکون بائو میشلBackground & Aim: Mammea africana sabine (Guttiferae) stembark commonly used traditionally to treat various diseases and ailments was evaluated for nephroprotective activity against paracetamol – induced kidney injury in rats to confirm its use in the treatmen MoreBackground & Aim: Mammea africana sabine (Guttiferae) stembark commonly used traditionally to treat various diseases and ailments was evaluated for nephroprotective activity against paracetamol – induced kidney injury in rats to confirm its use in the treatment of kidney diseases. Experimental: The nephroprotective effect of the extract was evaluated by the determination of some kidney function parameters such as serum urea and creatinine, electrolyes (K+, Na+, Cl- and HCO-3), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopathological study of the liver. Results & Discussion: The administration of the stembark extract caused significant dose-dependent reduction of high levels of serum creatinine and urea. The electrolytes levels were not affected. Histology of the kidney sections of extract and silymarin- treated animals showed reductions in the pathological features compared to the paracetamol- treated animals. The chemical pathological changes were consistent with histopathological observations suggesting marked nephroprotective effect of the stembark extract of M. africana Recommended applications/industries: The results show that the stembark extract of Mammea africana has nephroprotective potential which may be due to its antioxidant effect activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - اثر تخمیر بر ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات زیست فعال کاکائو (Theobroma cacao)
صدیقات شدهینده ورونیکا اودوبانجو بلسینگ اولادونجویه ویکتور اولادیمجی ساموئل اولوبود پرشز آکینوسی گانیو اوبوهBackground & Aim: Cocoa has long been prized for its high concentration of antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Fermentation is one of the processes involved in the manufacturing of cocoa. Fermentation has a substantial effect on the antioxidant potential as well a MoreBackground & Aim: Cocoa has long been prized for its high concentration of antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Fermentation is one of the processes involved in the manufacturing of cocoa. Fermentation has a substantial effect on the antioxidant potential as well as the bioactive compounds of cocoa beans according to studies. This present study sought to determine and compare the effect of fermentation on phenolic contents and antioxidant potentials of cocoa beans.Experimental: The experiment was accomplished by following the procedures. The cocoa pod was broken and the beans were extracted and separated into 3 groups. The cocoa beans of each group were wrapped with polyethylene and then subjected to different hours of fermentation (24, 72 and 120 hours). After aqueous extraction, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability assay, the ferric reducing property (FRAP) assay, the 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, total phenol content assay, total flavonoid content assay were carried out using standard procedures.Results: The research found that fermentation enhances DPPH radical scavenging capacity, boosts ferric reducing antioxidant potential, has no effect on ABTS radical scavenging ability, decreases phenolic content, and increases flavonoid content of cocoa beans after a series of biochemical assays.Recommended applications/industries: cocoa has long been thought to aid in the prevention of disease because of its antioxidant properties. However, various industrial procedures that it goes through during manufacture, including fermentation, may have an impact on its antioxidant capability. Understanding the effects of fermentation on cocoa could lead to the development of more efficient manufacturing methods, potentially increasing cocoa's antioxidant potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - امکان سنجی غنی سازی دمنوش گل گاو زبان با استفاده از گل ختمی سیاه و پنیرک
افشین جعفرپور درسا نبی بخشمقدمه و هدف: گیاه گل گاوزبان معمول­ترین دم کردنی پس از چای و با ارزش تغذیه­ای فراوان می­باشد. هدف از این تحقیق تولید دمنوش گل گاوزبان غنی سازی شده توسط پنیرک و ختمی سیاه، به منظور ارتقاء خواص حسی و قدرت آنتی اکسیدانی دمنوش می­باشد. روش تحقیق:در این تحقیق Moreمقدمه و هدف: گیاه گل گاوزبان معمول­ترین دم کردنی پس از چای و با ارزش تغذیه­ای فراوان می­باشد. هدف از این تحقیق تولید دمنوش گل گاوزبان غنی سازی شده توسط پنیرک و ختمی سیاه، به منظور ارتقاء خواص حسی و قدرت آنتی اکسیدانی دمنوش می­باشد. روش تحقیق:در این تحقیق بررسی خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی با استفاده از روش DPPH با غلظت 5-10×6 مولار در 5/1 میلی­لیتر از عصاره الکلی انجام شد. میزان کدورت دمنوش­­­ها با استفاده از دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتر در طول موج 800 نانومتر تعیین گردید. آزمون خاکستر کل، خاکستر نا­محلول در اسید، میزان رطوبت و ارزیابی حسی دمنوش نیز طبق استاندارد انجام پذیرفت. میزان رطوبت کل نمونه­ها بیشتر از محدوده استاندارد گل گاوزبان بود و این به آن دلیل است که برای آسیاب کردن بهتر گل گاوزبان آن را قبل از فرآیند بسته­بندی مجددا خشک می­نمایند تا رطوبت محیط زدوده شود. نتایجو بحث: نتایج نشان داد که تمام نمونه­ها از قدرت آنتی اکسیدانی بالایی برخوردار بودند، اما نمونه­ای که شامل 0% پنیرک، 30% ختمی و 35% گل گاوزبان بود بیشترین قدرت مهار رادیکالی را داشت، که مقدار آن 04/95% بود(05/0>p)؛ همچنین در ارزیابی حسی، این نمونه بالاترین رتبه را با اختلاف معناداری نسبت به سایر نمونه­ها به خود اختصاص داد، بنابراین می­توان نتیجه گرفت که این نمونه مناسب­ترین ترکیب برای تولید دمنوش مورد نظر از لحاظ خواص حسی و قدرت آنتی اکسیدانی است. توصیه کاربردی صنعتی: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از گل گاوزبان و ختمی در تهیه دمنوش، محصولی جدید با خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی بالا، و خواص حسی مطلوب فراهم میکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - بررسی خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی، محتوا و فعالیت های آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره اتانولی برگ های Spermacoce radiata و Hypselodelphys poggeana در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
رابرت اوروکو چیندو آگووامبا چینومسو آرون پوئل نیوجی-آنیالوو مرسیلین اوچهBackground & Aim: Oxidative stress causes lipid peroxidation, damages various macromolecules, tissues and organs, and is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Antioxidant supplementation could help scavenge free radicals and prevent oxidative stress. Thi MoreBackground & Aim: Oxidative stress causes lipid peroxidation, damages various macromolecules, tissues and organs, and is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Antioxidant supplementation could help scavenge free radicals and prevent oxidative stress. This study evaluated the phytochemicals, antioxidant compositions and in vitro antioxidant activities of a combined extract of Spermacoce radiata and Hypselodelphy spoggeana leaves (CEESH).Experimental: This study determined phytochemicals and antioxidant vitamins contained in CEESH. The in vitro antioxidant activities of CEESH comprising DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were assayed.Results: The phytochemical results indicated substantial amounts of total phenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, along with moderate amounts of tannins, flavonoids, and steroids in CEESH with a low glycoside concentration, but saponin was not detected. The plant extract also showed substantial concentrations of vitamins A, C, and E.The DPPH, nitric oxide, FRAP, TAC and TBARS for the CEESH indicated that the extract has substantial free radical scavenging activities. The CEESH demonstrated a dose-dependent significant increase in the nitric oxide, TAC, and TBARS scavenging activities, while the CEESH showed dose-dependent marked increase in FRAP within a concentration range of 40–640 µg/mL. The half-optimal effective concentration (EC50) values of the CEESH for DPPH, nitric oxide, and TBARS were 7.23, 39.40, and 63.41 µg/mL, respectively.Recommended applications/industries: These findings suggest that CEESH contains abundant phytochemicals and antioxidant vitamins and possesses high free radical scavenging potential. Therefore, CEESH could be a viable therapeutic agent for managing oxidative stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - خواص آنتی اکسیدانی میوه توت فرنگی (Fragaria vesca L) در دو مرحله تکوینی رسیده و نارس
گیتا امینی سعید ایریان احمد مجد صدیقه مهربانمقدمه و هدف: توت فرنگی (Fragaria vesca L.) گیاهی از خانواده گل سرخ (Rosaceae) است که خواص پزشکی دارد. از جمله می توان به خواص آنتی اکسیدانی آن اشاره کرد. پژوهش کنونی با هدف بررسی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی میوه توت فرنگی است. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی اثر آنتی اکسیدانی ، عصاره Moreمقدمه و هدف: توت فرنگی (Fragaria vesca L.) گیاهی از خانواده گل سرخ (Rosaceae) است که خواص پزشکی دارد. از جمله می توان به خواص آنتی اکسیدانی آن اشاره کرد. پژوهش کنونی با هدف بررسی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی میوه توت فرنگی است. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی اثر آنتی اکسیدانی ، عصاره های میوه در دو مرحله تکوینی از رشد (رسیده و نارس) تهیه شد. به علاوه از 4 حلال مختلف استفاده شد که شامل اتانول 80%، متانول 80%، استون و آب مقطر بودند. در مجموع 8 عصاره گیاهی مختلف تهیه شد و خواص آنها با هم مقایسه شد. برای بررسی اثر آنتی اکسیدانی، از روش تعیین قدرت احیا کنندگی و فری سیانید پتاسیم استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که میوه توت فرنگی در هر دو مرحله خواص آنتی اکسیدانی دارد ولی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی در میوه رسیده نسبت به میوه نارس بیشتر بود که به واسطه وجود ترکیبات فنولی و میزان رنگیزه های بالاتر در آن می باشد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان داد که خواص آنتی اکسیدانی میوه رسیده از نارس بیشتر می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - فرمولاسیون و خصوصیات یک دسر لبنی کاربردی حاوی عصاره Moringa oleifera و اینولین
پویا حسن نژاد زهرا بیگ محمدی نفیسه جهانبخشیانBackground & Aim: Today, due to the importance of nutrition and the role of food on human health, attention has been paid towards the production of foods rich in functional and beneficial compounds, as well as low calorie products to reduce various diseases such as MoreBackground & Aim: Today, due to the importance of nutrition and the role of food on human health, attention has been paid towards the production of foods rich in functional and beneficial compounds, as well as low calorie products to reduce various diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, etc. The aim of this research was to develop a functional and low-calorie dairy dessert using long-chain inulin and Moringa oleifera extract.Experimental: Moringa oleifera extract (ME) was prepared by the percolation method and used in combination with inulin in the formulation of low-calorie dairy dessert based on maltitol and sucralose as sweeteners. ME was used at 1%, 2% and 3% (w/w) levels and inulin at 5% and 7% levels. The moisture, ash, fat, protein and carbohydrate content, as well as calorie, pH, acidity, soluble solids (brix), syneresis, viscosity, color indices, antioxidant capacity and sensory characteristics (color, flavor, texture, mouth feel and overall acceptability) of the dairy dessert treatments were examined after production.Results: The addition of inulin and ME showed a significant effect on the chemical composition of the desserts and reduced the calories of the treatments compared to the control. Increasing the level of ME did not affect the syneresis and viscosity of the desserts, while by increasing the level of inulin from 5% to 7%, viscosity increased and syneresis decreased significantly (P<0.05). Incorporation of ME into the formulation of dairy dessert also reduced the L* and a* and increased the b* values of the samples (P<0.05). By adding ME and increasing its level from 1% to 3% in the formulation, significant improvement in the antioxidant capacity of the desserts was observed, so that the highest antioxidants capacity was evaluated in the samples containing 7% ME (37.53-37.82%). The results of sensory evaluation indicated that all treatments were acceptable, and the desserts containing lower levels of ME obtained higher flavor, color and overall acceptability scores.Recommended applications/industries: The results of this research demonstrated that inulin as a prebiotic and Moringa oleifera extract as a rich source of bioactive and antioxidant compounds can be used to develop a functional low-calorie dairy dessert. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - اثر بهبودی یک ساپونین فوروستین جدا شده از ریزوم Costus spectabilis (Costaceae) بر آب مروارید در شرایط آزمایشگاهی
سالیسو شهو عمر دانمالم نجما الیاس محمد دانجوما علیو موسیBackground & Aim: Extracts from plants, such as C. spectabilis (rhizome) traditionally used for the treatment of cataract may potentially contain anticataract lead compound(s). The current study aimed to isolate the constituent(s) of the extract of C. spectabilis an MoreBackground & Aim: Extracts from plants, such as C. spectabilis (rhizome) traditionally used for the treatment of cataract may potentially contain anticataract lead compound(s). The current study aimed to isolate the constituent(s) of the extract of C. spectabilis and evaluate its anticataract effect.Experimental: The isolation of the constituent was achieved using silica gel, sephadex column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography of the n-butanol fraction of aqueous ethanol extract of the rhizome, followed by analysis using NMR spectroscopy. The anticataract effect was investigated using H2O2-induced cataract model. Lenses freshly obtained from rats were cultured in the presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide (0.5 mM), and or in the presence of H2O2 (0.5 mM) with any of the three concentrations of compound SL1 (0.5 mgmL-1, 0.25 mgmL-1, or 0.125 mgmL-1 ) over a period of 24 hrs. Lens opacity (index of cataract) was quantified by scoring and image analysis. The lens total protein, antioxidant bio-molecules (GSH, SOD) and lipid peroxidation (MDA level) were determined according to standard methods.Results: Chromatographic fractionation of the extract led to the isolation of a compound characterised as 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (25R)-furost-5-ene-3β, 22α, 26-triol-26-O- β-D-glucopyranoside based on its NMR data. The lenses treated with hydrogen peroxide (only) demonstrated significantly higher indices of opacity compared to the normal or compound treated. The groups treated with the compound (at 0.5 and 0.25 mgmL-1 concentrations) significantly (P≤ 0.001) exhibited lower score of opacity and grey image pixel intensity compared to the untreated group. Although the compound significantly (P≤0.05) prevented the depletion of lens total protein at all concentrations used, the loss of GSH, SOD and increase in MDA levels induced by H2O2 were not prevented significantly.Recommended applications/industries: The compound isolated can serve as a promising lead for the development of anticataract drug. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - ترکیبات شیمیایی، خاصیت ضدباکتریایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس گیاه خوشاریزه Echinophora cinerea Boiss
مریم پاس مرضیه رشیدی پور غلام رضا طالعی بهروز دوستیمقدمه و هدف: خوشاریزه با نام علمی Echinophora cinerea گیاهی است از خانواده چتریان که ارتفاع آن به 30 تا 100 سانتی متر می رسد. اسانس خوشاریزه حاوی ترکیباتی از جمله آلکالوئیدها و فلاونوئیدها و غیره است. یکی از بهترین منابع آنتی اکسیدان های طبیعی، ترکیبات فنلی موجود Moreمقدمه و هدف: خوشاریزه با نام علمی Echinophora cinerea گیاهی است از خانواده چتریان که ارتفاع آن به 30 تا 100 سانتی متر می رسد. اسانس خوشاریزه حاوی ترکیباتی از جمله آلکالوئیدها و فلاونوئیدها و غیره است. یکی از بهترین منابع آنتی اکسیدان های طبیعی، ترکیبات فنلی موجود در اسانس های گیاهی از جمله این گیاه است. هدف بررسی ترکیبات شیمیایی، خاصیت آنتی باکتریال و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس گیاه خوشاریزه با نام علمی Echinophora cinerea است. روش تحقیق: تهیه اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی کوپل شده با طیف سنج جرمی (GC-MS) انجام گرفت. ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس با استفاده از روش DPPH ارزیابی و با آنتی اکسیدان استاندارد BHT مقایسه شد. آزمون ضدباکتریایی به روش رقت سازی (محیط کشت براث) و انتشار دیسک انجام گرفت و حداقل غلظت مهار کنندگی MIC و کشندگی MBC باکتریایی اسانس ها پس از 24 و 48 ساعت مشخص و با گروه آنتی بیوتیک علیه استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس، لیستریا مونوسیتوژنز، سودوموناس ایروژینوزا، اشرشیاکولی و MRSA مقایسه گردید. نتایج و بحث: مهمترین ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده اسانس خوشاریزه α- فلاندرن (09/32)، لیمونن (28/16%)، پارا-سیمن (75/10%)، α-پینن(79/9%)، کارواکرول (79/3%)، β-میرسن(65/2%) بود. IC50 برای اسانس خوشاریزه (mg/ml) 74/0 تعیین شد در صورتی­که این پارامتر برای BHT (µg/ml) 63/50 بود. اثر ضد باکتریایی قوی اسانس خوشاریزه بر باکتریهای استافیلوکوکوس ارئوس استاندارد مشاهده گردید؛ بطوری­که در mg/ml 16/0 MIC اثر مهار کنندگی و در رقت mg/ml 63/0 MBC= اثرکشندگی بر این باکتری داشت. این اثر بر استافیلوکک مقاوم MRSA و اشرشیا کلی ضعیف تر بود. سودوموناس آئروژینوزا نسبت به این اسانس مقاوم بود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به خاصیت ضدباکتریایی و آنتی اکسیدان اسانس این گیاه می توان از آن در صنایع غذایی، دارویی، آرایشی- بهداشتی و همچنین معطر سازی و طعم دهی مواد غذایی استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
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412 - ارزیابی مقایسه ای روشهای مختلف استخراج برای سنجش فیتوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی ریشه های Valeriana officinalis
الناز حسینی نیا سیمین عربی ملک حکمتیBackground & Aim:Medicinal plants are rich sources of substances with nutraceutical and health benefits. Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) is a known medicinal plant used in traditional medicine throughout the world. The present study aimed to MoreBackground & Aim:Medicinal plants are rich sources of substances with nutraceutical and health benefits. Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) is a known medicinal plant used in traditional medicine throughout the world. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiencies of three methods for antioxidant extraction from Valeriana officinalis, and the impact of extraction methods on total phenollic and flavonoids contents and antioxidant activities of valeriana root was studied. Experimental: The dried-root was extracted by three different methods including maceration, ultrasonic assisted, and Soxhlet assisted extraction. Antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed using DPPH and nitric oxide (NO) free radicals scavenging, reducing power and iron chelating activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also identified. Results: The ultrasonic extract showed the highest amount of total phenolics and flavonoids contents. In DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay, the ultrasonic assisted extract, (IC50=0.546 mg/ml) showed higher activity than the other extracts. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, IC50 for ultrasonic extract, soxhlet assisted extraction and maceration extract were 0.546, 0.816 and 0.678 mg/ml, respectively. The results clearly showed that the extraction methods used in this study significantly affected antioxidant capacities and total phenolic and flavonoids contents. It was found that ultrasonic assisted extraction and Soxhlet methods are more efficient in extraction of antioxidant components from Valeriana officinalis L. Recommended applications/industries: Considering result of study, it can be inferred that the herb may be a good source of bioactive compounds and can work as an antioxidant to prevent the oxidative deteriorative activity of food materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - اثر عصاره برگ کنگر وحشی بر تخمک های نابالغ در موش
آزاده عابدی لیلا روحی عبداله قاسمی پیربلوطیمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به اینکه آنتی اکسیدانها به عنوان مهارکنندگان رادیکالهای آزاد شناخته شدند، این امکان وجود دارد میزان بلوغ آزمایشگاهی تخمک را نیز بهبود بخشند. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر عصاره برگ کنگر ( Gundelia Tournefortii leaves (GTE)) به عنوان یک منبع آن Moreمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به اینکه آنتی اکسیدانها به عنوان مهارکنندگان رادیکالهای آزاد شناخته شدند، این امکان وجود دارد میزان بلوغ آزمایشگاهی تخمک را نیز بهبود بخشند. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر عصاره برگ کنگر ( Gundelia Tournefortii leaves (GTE)) به عنوان یک منبع آنتی اکسیدانی، بر میزان بلوغ تخمکها در شرایط آزمایشگاهی طراحی شد. روش تحقیق: تخمک های نارس هسته دار (Germinal vesicle: GV) از تخمدانهای موش نژاد NMRI 6-8 هفته ای برداشت شدند. GV به مدت 24 ساعت در محیط بلوغ MEMα کامل شده با 51/7 واحد/میلی لیتر hCG، 100 واحد/میلی لیتر rhFSH، 5 درصد FCS (گروه کنترل) کشت داده شدند و دوزهای مختلف عصاره GTE (10 میکروگرم/میلی لیتر: گروه 1، 20 میکروگرم/میلی لیتر: گروه 2 و 40 میکروگرم/میلی لیتر: گروه 3) اضافه گردید و سپس مراحل بلوغ آزمایشگاهی و از سرگیری میوز در همه گروه ها بوسیله میکروسکوپ معکوس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: در گروه آزمایشی 1 میزان بلوغ نسبت به گروه کنترل بهبود یافته بود اما این تفاوت معنی دار نبود. در گروه آزمایشی 2 ، میزان بلوغ نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش معنی داری را نشان داد (p<0/05 ). در گروه آزمایشی 3 نیز میزان بلوغ نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش معنی داری را نشان داد (p<0/05). توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیقنشان داد کهتاثیر عصاره آبی برگ کنگر، دارای یک اثر مثبت وابسته به دوز در بلوغ تخمک می باشد، بطوریکه با افزایش میزان غلظت عصاره، میزان بلوغ تخمک های نارس نیز افزایش می یابد. به طور کلی ما نتیجه می گیریم که اضافه کردن مقادیر مناسب از عصاره های گیاهی مانند برگ کنگر به محیط کشت بلوغ، بلوغ اووسیتها را می تواند بهبود بخشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی، ترکیبات پلی فنولی و همبستگی بین آنها در کاسبرگ گیاه چای ترش
حکیمه علومی شهریار شاکری مجید بهزادیمقدمه و هدف: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی میباشد. در این پژوهش بررسی همبستگی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی گیاه چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها بصورت اسپکتروفتومتری بررسی Moreمقدمه و هدف: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی طبیعی میباشد. در این پژوهش بررسی همبستگی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات فنولی گیاه چای ترش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: محتوای ترکیبات فنولی کل، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین ها بصورت اسپکتروفتومتری بررسی شد. فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالاز و پروکسیداز در میلی گرم پروتئین محاسبه شد. فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره بر اساس روش فسفومولیبدات، درصد مهارDPPH و قدرت احیا فریک مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. نتایج و بحث: کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین میباشد. فعالیت کاتالاز و پراکسیداز معادل 13/3 و 05/0 واحد در میلی گرم پروتئین بود. بر اساس روش DPPH فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره کاسبرگ بسیار بالا میباشد. آزمون همبستگی بین پارامترهای مورد بررسی انجام شد. نتایج همبستگی وجود رابطه بین محتوای ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها، آنتوسیانینها و ظرفیت انتی اکسیدانی کاسبرگ گیاه چای ترش را در سطح احتمال 5% تایید میکند. توصیههای کاربردی: عصاره کاسبرگ چای ترش غنی از ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی شامل ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدها و آنتوسیانین میباشد. براساس روش های سنجش ظرفت آنتی اکسیدانی، کاسبرگها فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی قابل قبولی دارند. بنابراین، عصاره این گیاه بعنوان منبع طبیعی ترکیبات اکسیدان قابل استفاده در صنایع غذایی و داروی گیاهی معرفی میگردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - اثر گیاه چویل بر فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی سرم و برخی واکنش های ایمنی در جوجه های گوشتی
رضا گواهی غلامرضا قلمکاری مجید طغیانی شهین اقبال سعید محمد محمدرضایی مهدی شهریاری علیرضا دهقانی ابری -
Open Access Article
416 - مروری بر خواص دارویی و کاربردی دارچین
امیرپویا قندهاری یزدی آلاله نیکویی لیلا صداقت بروجنیمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به عوارض داروهای شیمیایی امروزه طب گیاهی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. دارچین از تیره برگ بو[1] است که در غذاها به عنوان ادویه و در داروها استفاده میشود. دارچین دارای خواص ضدمیکروب، آنتی اکسیدان، آنتی دیابت ضد ویروس و ضد اسپاسم، ضد نفخ، افزایش د Moreمقدمه و هدف: با توجه به عوارض داروهای شیمیایی امروزه طب گیاهی مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. دارچین از تیره برگ بو[1] است که در غذاها به عنوان ادویه و در داروها استفاده میشود. دارچین دارای خواص ضدمیکروب، آنتی اکسیدان، آنتی دیابت ضد ویروس و ضد اسپاسم، ضد نفخ، افزایش دهنده تعریق بدن، گرم کننده و محرک رحم میباشد. اسانس دارچین خاصیت ضد قارچی و ضد باکتریایی دارد که احتمالا این آثار مربوط به محتوی ارتومتوکسی سینامالدئید است. عصاره دارچین دارای ترکیباتی مثل اوژنول میباشد که باعث به وجود آمدن خاصیت فیبرینولیتیک در آن میشود. دارچین و ترکیبات آن میتوانند روی سیستم اعصاب مرکزی نیز اثر گذاشته و باعث کاهش درد شوند همچنین ترکیبات موجود در دارچین باعث تقویت عمل انسولین و کاهش مقاومت انسولینی میشود که باعث اثر مثبت بر گلوکز سطح خون میشود. یکی از مهمترین اثرات درمانی دارچین افزایش میل جنسی میباشد. افزایش هورمونها را میتوان به اثر مستقیم یا غیر مستقیم ترکیبات دارچین به ویژه سینامالدئید در افزایش سنتز نیتریک اکسید دانست. دارچین دارای ترکیبات فرار و غیر فرار فنلیک و غیر فنلیک میباشد که باعث به وجود آمدن خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی در دارچین میشود. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به خواص ذکر شده برای دارچین و عصاره آن، هم­چنین سهولت در استخراج عصاره و قیمت مناسب آن میتوان در صنایع دارویی و مواد غذایی از آن استفاده نمود.در صنعت موادغذایی از خواص آنتی میکروبیالی و آنتی اکسیدانی آن و حتی در صنایع بستهبندی به عنوان یک نگهدارنده طبیعی میتوان از آن استفاده نمود. Manuscript profile -
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417 - ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی و پتانسیل محافظت کبدی عصاره اتری پوست ساقه Blighia sapida در موشهای دیابتی ناشی از STZ
دامیلولا اوموبوا امانوئل آکینتیمین سلمنت آکینوبی توهیب بالگونBackground & Aim:Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that affects all systems in the body, including the liver. This study evaluated the in-vitro antioxidant capacity and liver function status of STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with petroleum and diethyl ethe MoreBackground & Aim:Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that affects all systems in the body, including the liver. This study evaluated the in-vitro antioxidant capacity and liver function status of STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with petroleum and diethyl ether fractions of Blighia sapida stem barkfor 14 days. Experimental: The antioxidant ability of the petroleum and diethyl ether fraction of Blighia sapida stem bark was evaluated by total flavonoids and phenolic content (TFC and TPC) and DPPH scavenging activity using standard protocol. Thirty-five rats in seven groups were used. Plasma transaminases (ALT and AST) activities and bilirubin level was determined using standard procedure. Results: The TFC and TPC of petroleum ether fraction of B. sapida (PEFBS) (47.16 mg QUE/100g and 39.87 mg GAE/100g) was observed to be higher compared to diethyl ether fraction of B. sapida (DEFBS) (37.44 mg QUE/100 g and 36.74 mg/GAE/100g). The DPPH scavenging activity of the fractions were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced across the concentrations compared to the standard (gallic acid). STZ induced diabetes rats administered 2 ml/kg b. w. of normal saline significantly (p < 0.05) increased plasma ALT, AST activities and bilirubin level compared to the normal control rats while treatment of diabetic rats with petroleum and diethyl ether fraction of B. sapida at both dosesreduced the activities of these enzymes and level of bilirubin. Recommended applications/industries: The results sustain the fact that, the fractions of B. sapida have an immense potential to be developed further into a therapeutic agent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - بهینه سازی استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی از پوسته بادام با روش سطح پاسخ
غلامرضا ایسپره فاطمه نجاتی مریم جعفریمقدمه وهدف: استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی اخیرا توجه محققان مختلف را به خود جلب کرده است. بادام از جمله محصولات بومی ایران است که سالیانه حجم زیادی از ضایعات در طی تولید و فرآوری آن حاصل می­شود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی عوامل زمان و درصد حلال (اتانول) بر میزان Moreمقدمه وهدف: استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی اخیرا توجه محققان مختلف را به خود جلب کرده است. بادام از جمله محصولات بومی ایران است که سالیانه حجم زیادی از ضایعات در طی تولید و فرآوری آن حاصل می­شود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی عوامل زمان و درصد حلال (اتانول) بر میزان استخراج ترکیبات فنولی و خواص آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره استخراج شده از پوست بادام با کمک روش اولتراسوند و بهینه سازی شرایط استخراج با استفاده از روش RSM است. روش تحقیق: پوسته سبز بادام به پودر تبدیل شد و به منظور استخراج به نسبت 1:20 با حلال (اتانول-آب) مخلوط و در دمای 35 درجه سانتیگراد تحت تاثیر امواج اولتراسوند برای مدت زمان کافی قرار داده شد. به منظور بهینه سازی فرایند دو فاکتور زمان (در سه سطح شامل 30، 45 و 60 دقیقه) و غلظت اتانول (در سه سطح شامل 0، 35 و 70%) در نرم افزار Design Expert وارد و درنهایت 13 آزمون برای استخراج عصاره طراحی شد. در ادامه غلظت ترکیبات فنولیک کل با روش فولین سیوکالتیو و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی باروش DPPHاندازه­گیری شد. نتایج وبحث: براساس نتایج حاصل از بهینه سازی، شرایط نقطه بهینه برای حداکثر استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی، شامل 74/35دقیقه زمان استخراج و استفاده از حلا لی حاوی 69/43درصد اتانول پیش بینی شد. تحت این شرایط بهینه، حداکثر فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی19/47 درصد و غلظت ترکیبات فنولیک کل 917/ (mg/ml) بدست آمد. مقایسه نتایج پیش بینی شده توسط نرم افزار و مقادیر تجربی نشان داد که مدل از دقت کافی برای پیش بینی نقطه بهینه برخوردار است. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: این پژوهش نشان داد که پوسته سبز بادام می­تواند بعنوان یک منبع ارزان و قابل دسترس برای استخراج ترکیبات با فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. همچنین، این تحقیق نشان داد اولتراسوند روش مناسبی در تسریع استخراج ترکیبات آنتی­اکسیدانی می باشد. Manuscript profile -
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419 - مروری بر کاربرد اسانس های گیاهی در فیلم های بسته بندی مواد غذایی
الهه امانی امیرپویا قندهاری یزدی لیلا صداقت بروجنیمقدمه و هدف: بسته بندی فعال یکی از نوآوری­های صنعت بسته بندی مواد غذایی بوده که پاسخی برای نیاز­های متغیر مصرف کنندگان و بازار می­باشد. در این تکنیک از موادی مانند جاذب اکسیژن، رطوبت، دی کسید کربن، اتیلن و ترکیبات طعم دهنده و ترکی Moreمقدمه و هدف: بسته بندی فعال یکی از نوآوری­های صنعت بسته بندی مواد غذایی بوده که پاسخی برای نیاز­های متغیر مصرف کنندگان و بازار می­باشد. در این تکنیک از موادی مانند جاذب اکسیژن، رطوبت، دی کسید کربن، اتیلن و ترکیبات طعم دهنده و ترکیبات آزاد کننده دی اکسید کربن، آنتی میکروبی، آنتی اکسیدانی و ترکیبات معطر استفاده می شود. در دهه اخیر توجه زیادی به کاربرد ترکیبات ضد میکروبی برای بسته بندی مواد غذایی و سطوح در تماس با مواد غذایی شده است، اسانس­های گیاهی یکی از ترکیبات موثر دراین زمینه می­باشند. در این مقاله به بررسی انواع اسانس­های گیاهی، اجزاء اصلی، خصوصیات ضد میکروبی، اثر جهش زایی و ضد جهش این ترکیبات، کاربردشان در بسته بندی مواد غذایی و تاثیر آن­ها بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی ماده بسته بندی و ماده غذایی بسته بندی پرداخته شده است. نتایج و بحث: اسانس­ها و ترکیبات آن ها مانند لینالول، تیمول، سینامالدئید، وانیلین، کارواکرول و بسیاری از ترکیبات دیگر برای استفاده در صنعت غذا و افزایش عمر نگهداری مواد فساد پذیر به دلیل خواصی مانند فعالیت ضد میکروبی، ضد قارچی و آنتی اکسیدانی قابل قبول می­باشند. در حال حاضر تحقیقات زیادی نشان داده اند که اکثر این ترکیبات برای سلامت انسان مضر نمی باشند، مقبولیت قابل توجهی در صنعت و بین مصرف کنندگان پیدا کرده­اند. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: بسته بندی ضد میکروبی یک نوع بسته بندی فعال است که بر زمان نگهداری، سلامت و ایمنی غذا موثر می­باشد. مواد مختلفی از جمله اسانس­های گیاهی در این نوع بسته بندی قابل استفاده هستند که باعث افزایش عمر نگهداری و کیفیت محصول می­شوند، با این­حال ایمنی این ترکیبات قبل از استفاده در صنعت باید مشخص شده باشد. Manuscript profile -
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420 - فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره متانولی Uapacato genensis در موشهای تحت تاثیر Plasmodium berghei NK65
امینا بوسولا اولوروکوبا بن احمد چیدو یحیی محمدثانیBackground & Aim: Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of systemic complications in malaria infection. Recent approaches in treatment of malaria suggest that the control of oxidative stress in infected patients may be of therapeutic advantage. Th MoreBackground & Aim: Oxidative stress has been linked to the development of systemic complications in malaria infection. Recent approaches in treatment of malaria suggest that the control of oxidative stress in infected patients may be of therapeutic advantage. The stem bark and leaves of Uapaca togoensis are used locally in the treatment of various diseases including malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the methanol stem bark extract of the plant in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Experimental: Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of parasitized erythrocytes and parasitemia level assessed after 72 h by the preparation of thin blood films stained with Geimsa stain. The mice were divided into five groups of six mice each. Groups I and V were administered with distilled water (10 ml/kg) and chloroquine (5 mg/kg) orally for four days. The extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg were orally administered to groups II, III and IV, respectively, for the same period. Mice were sacrificed under light chloroform. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture and centrifuged at 2,500 rpm for 15 minutes to obtain the serum. The serum was then analyzed to determine the levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde - MDA). Results: Oral median lethal dose of the methanol stem bark extract of Uapacatogoensis was estimated to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg. Administration of the extract to P. berghei infected mice produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase levels in. However, a significant (p<0.05) decrease in lipid peroxidation activity in the parasitized mice was observed. Recommended applications/industries: The plant possesses antioxidant property which can be exploited in the .management of oxidative stress caused by malaria Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - اثرات وابسته به دوز عصاره ریشه کنگر بر از سرگیری میوز و بلوغ آزمایشگاهی تخمک های نارس موش
مرضیه خدابنده لیلا روحی عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطیمقدمه و هدف: بلوغ آزمایشگاهی تخمک یک روش مناسب در جهت درمان ناباروری می باشد، که استفاده کلینیکی آن به واسطه موفقیت پایین با محدودیت مواجه می باشد. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر عصاره آبی ریشه کنگر، به عنوان یک منبع آنتی اکسیدانی، بر میزان بلوغ تخمکها در شرایط آزمایشگاه Moreمقدمه و هدف: بلوغ آزمایشگاهی تخمک یک روش مناسب در جهت درمان ناباروری می باشد، که استفاده کلینیکی آن به واسطه موفقیت پایین با محدودیت مواجه می باشد. این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر عصاره آبی ریشه کنگر، به عنوان یک منبع آنتی اکسیدانی، بر میزان بلوغ تخمکها در شرایط آزمایشگاهی طراحی شد. روش تحقیق: در این مطالعه آزمایشگاهی، تخمک های نارس از تخمدان موش های سوری نژاد NMRI (4-6 هفته­ای) جمع آوری شدند. تخمکهای نارس به مدت 24 ساعت در محیط کشتMEM-α کامل شده با 5% FCS، ml /IUhCG 5/7، mIUrFSH ١٠٠ کشت داده شدند (گروه کنترل) و غلظت 10 میکروگرم/میلی­لیتر عصاره (گروه 1)، 20 میکروگرم/میلی­لیتر عصاره (گروه 2) و 40 میکروگرم/میلی­لیتر عصاره (گروه 3) به محیط کشت بلوغ اضافه گردید. با استفاده از میکروسکوپ اینورت مراحل بلوغ آزمایشگاهی و از سر گیری میوز در تمام گروه ها بررسی شد. نتایج و بحث: در گروه آزمایشی 1 که تخمک ها در معرض 10 میکروگرم/میلی­لیتر از ریشه برگ کنگر بودند، میزان بلوغ نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش معنی داری را نشان دادند. در گروه آزمایشی 2 که تخمک ها در معرض 20 میکروگرم/میلی­لیتر از عصاره بودند، میزان بلوغ نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش معنی داری را نشان می داد (p<0/05 ). در گروه آزمایشی 3 که تخمک ها در معرض 40 میکروگرم/میلی­لیتر از عصاره ریشه کنگر بودند نیز میزان بلوغ نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش معنی­داری را نشان داد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تاثیر عصاره آبی ریشه کنگر، دارای یک اثر مثبت وابسته به دوز در بلوغ تخمک می باشد، بطوریکه با افزایش میزان غلظت عصاره، میزان بلوغ تخمک های نارس نیز افزایش می یابد. Manuscript profile -
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422 - اثر عصاره متانولی برگ Momordica charantia بر نفروپاتی ناشی از آلوکسان از طریق تعدیل مسیرهای سیگنالینگ BCL2 / NF-kB در موش صحرایی
ساندی افوبه آدمولا اویابمی تمیدایو اوبوموال ادورابنرو آدداپو آبیدون آدوله مومو یاکوبو آلوفمی انتیبجو آدلو آدداپوBackground & Aim: Nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes with oxidative stress as one of the possible mechanisms mediating the event. Natural products with antioxidant property may be a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate renal damage fro MoreBackground & Aim: Nephropathy is one of the major complications of diabetes with oxidative stress as one of the possible mechanisms mediating the event. Natural products with antioxidant property may be a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate renal damage from diabetic nephropathy hence the renoprotective activity of methanolic leaf extract of Momordica charantia (MEMC) was assessed. Experimental: The effects of MEMC on alloxan-induced nephrotoxicity were examined where toxicity was induced by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan to 50 rats divided into five groups of 10 rats each. MEMC was administered to two groups at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for 28 days; glibenclamide administered to another group of diabetic rats. While another group was left untreated, a group of normal rats received only distilled water. Nephroprotective effect of the extract was studied by assessing its effect on oxidative stress markers, antioxidant defence system, immunohistochemistry, histological and serum urea and creatinine analysis. Results: Alloxan administration altered renal biomarkers (increased serum urea and creatinine levels), increased renal H2O2 malondialdehyde levels, and decreased reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Histological studies showed glomerular degeneration and hypercellularity. However, administration of glibenclamide (4 mg/kg) and MEMC ameliorated the alloxan-induced nephrotoxicity. Immunohistochemical studies revealed lower expressions of BCL2 but greater expressions of NF-κB in the kidney of the toxicant non-treated rats compared with the control, glibenclamide treated and MEMC treated rats. Recommended applications/industries: MEMC showed renoprotective activity in alloxan-induced nephropathy mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This extract could be used in the treatment of acute kidney failure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی بومادران بیابانی (Achillea tenuifolia Lam)
شیما غریبی بدرالدین ابراهیم سید طباطبایی قدرت الله سعیدی سید امیرحسین گلی مجید طالبیمقدمه و هدف: تنش های اسمزی در گیاهان باعث تولید رادیکال های آزاد شده و گیاهان برای پاکسازی این رادیکال های سمی راهبرد های گوناگونی را در پیش می­گیرند که از مهم ترین آن­ها تولید و تجمع متابولیت های ثانویه می باشد. امروزه این موضوع محققین را بر آن داشته است که از Moreمقدمه و هدف: تنش های اسمزی در گیاهان باعث تولید رادیکال های آزاد شده و گیاهان برای پاکسازی این رادیکال های سمی راهبرد های گوناگونی را در پیش می­گیرند که از مهم ترین آن­ها تولید و تجمع متابولیت های ثانویه می باشد. امروزه این موضوع محققین را بر آن داشته است که از تنش های محیطی به خصوص تنش خشکی برای افزایش ترکیبات مهم ثانویه مانند فنول ها و آنتی اکسیدان­ها بهره بگیرند. از جمله گیاهان دارویی ارزشمند، گیاه بومادران بیابانی (Achillea tenuifolia) می­باشد که گیاهی است چند ساله که دارای بسیاری از خواص دارویی است.روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی، چهار تیمار مختلف (25%، 50%، 75%و 100 % تخلیه رطوبتی بر اساس ظرفیت مزرعه) با سه تکرار در گلدان های پلاستیکی واقع در گل­خانه اعمال شد و پس از 30 روز، برگ نمونه ها برداشت و آزمایشات اندازه گیری کل ترکیبات فنولیک، فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی با سه مدل سیستم DPPH، قدرت احیا کنندگی آهن و روش بی رنگ شدن بتاکاروتن اندازه گیری شد. غلظت مالون دی آلدهید و میزان تجمع پرولین نیز در برگ گیاه محاسبه گردید.نتایج و بحث: تنش خشکی در گیاه بومادران بیایانی توانست به صورت معنی داری میزان ترکیبات فنولیک و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی آنها (در دو مدل سیستم DPPH و بی رنگ شدن بتاکاروتن) را افزایش دهد. میزان پرولین و مالون دی آلدهید نیز با افزایش شدت تنش افزایش یافت. در حالی که بر اساس مدل قدرت احیا کنندگی، اختلاف معنی داری میان سطوح 25% و 50% ظرفیت مزرعه مشاهده نشد.توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج حاصل از تحقیق حاضر می توان سطح 50% ظرفیت مزرعه تخلیه رطوبتی خاک یعنی تنش ملایم را سطحی مناسب جهت تحریک بیشتر تولید ترکیبات فنولیک در این گیاه توصیه نمود. در پایان، مطالعات بیشتری در خصوص اثر تنش خشکی بر مقدار سایر ترکیبات مهم موثره در این گیاه پیشنهاد می شود. Manuscript profile -
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424 - بررسی ترکیب اسانس و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی Achillea eriophora به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی
مالک طاهر مقصودلو جعفر ولی زاده جواد متقی پیشه ناهید راه نشانمقدمه و هدف: بومادران ( از خانواده Asteraceae) یک گیاه دارویی است که گونه های مختلف آن استفاده های متعددی در طب سنتی در سراسر جهان دارند. گونه های بومادران برای درمان در شرایطی همچون تب، اختلالات شایع گوارشی، درمان تدریجی زخمها و التهاب پوست مورد استفاده قرارمی گیرد. هد Moreمقدمه و هدف: بومادران ( از خانواده Asteraceae) یک گیاه دارویی است که گونه های مختلف آن استفاده های متعددی در طب سنتی در سراسر جهان دارند. گونه های بومادران برای درمان در شرایطی همچون تب، اختلالات شایع گوارشی، درمان تدریجی زخمها و التهاب پوست مورد استفاده قرارمی گیرد. هدف در این مطالعه بررسی ترکیب اسانس و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی در بخشهای هوایی Achillea eriophora جمع آوری شده از شهر خاش در استان سیستان و بلوچستان است. روش تحقیق: ترکیب شیمیایی اسانس جمع آوری شده با روش تقطیر آبی توسط دستگاه کلونجر با استفاده از GC/MS مورد آنالیز قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: در اسانس Achillea eriophora سی و سه ترکیب شناسایی شدند که Camphor (55/21%(، َArtemesia ketone (84/13%)، Alpha-Thujone (85/11%)،Borneole (94/8%)، Yomogi alcohol(74/7%)، 1,8-cineole (19/5%)، Terpinene-4-ol(23/4%) و Myrtenol (10/3%) مهمترین ترکیبات تشکیل دهنده بودند. به علاوه فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره به دست آمده با اتیل استات و اتانول با استفاده از معرف DPPH و بر اساس خاصیت مهار رادیکالهای آزاد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که IC50 برای عصاره استخراج شده با اتیل استات و عصاره اتانولی بخشهای هوایی و نیز BHT به عنوان استاندارد به ترتیب 20/245، 25/89 و 5845 پی پی ام بود. در نهایت باید خاطر نشان شد که فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره اتیل استات ضعیف تر از عصاره اتانولی بوده و هر دو عصاره در مقایسه با BHT به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان مصنوعی ضعیف تر عمل کردند. برخی از ترکیبات مانند 1,8-cineole و Terpinene-4-ol می توانند مسئول فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی و ضدمیکروبی باشند در حالیکه Camphor و Borneole به عنوان آنتی اکسیدانهای قوی مورد تایید قرار نگرفته اند. توصیه های کاربردی/صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که Achillea eriophoraکشت داده شده در سیستان و بلوچستان می تواند به عنوان منبعی از آنتی اکسیدانهای طبیعی در نظر گرفته شود و در محصولات دارویی و غذایی برای ارتقای سلامتی انسان و جلوگیری از بیماریها استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
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425 - بررسی تجزیه فیتوشیمیایی، محتوای فنولی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره متانولی گیاه Caryopteris odorata D.Don.Robin
آرکانا جوشی آنیل پانت اَوم پراکاش مارکین استوکی والاری ایزیدورBackground & Aim:Caryopteris odorata is an aromatic shrub of family verbenaceae growing in tropical to subtropical regions. Various traditional applications of this plant have been documented guiding us to investigate the pharmacological activities and to further in MoreBackground & Aim:Caryopteris odorata is an aromatic shrub of family verbenaceae growing in tropical to subtropical regions. Various traditional applications of this plant have been documented guiding us to investigate the pharmacological activities and to further investigate the chemical composition. Experimental: Methanolic extract of aerial parts of Caryopteris odorata was investigated for antioxidant activity and the major phyto-constituents and total phenolic content were screened. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the scavenging activity using DPPH radical scavenging, NO radical scavenging, so radical scavenging activity, Metal chelating and reducing power assay. The antimicrobial efficacy was determined using agar well diffusion method against gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria. Sensitivity in terms of zones of inhibition and phytochemical composition of the extracts were also determined. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation method. Diclofenec Sodium was used as a standard drug for the study of anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The results revealed that, methanolic extracts possess broad spectrum antibacterial activity against three microorganisms. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of diterpenes carbohydrates, glycosides, sterols and triterpenoids, aliphatic acids , tocopherols and phenolics. The methenolic extract exhibit strong antioxidant activity (IC50 values for DPPH assay 164.60 ±0.37 mg/ml, for metal chelating 280.30 ± 3.28 mg/ml, for reducing assay 80.38 ± 0.79 mg/ml, respectively). The extract also showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the heat induced albumin denaturation with IC50 value as 497.22 ± 1.34 mg/ml, respectively. From the result, it is concluded that the C.odorata possess a rich amount of different class of compounds and further the phytochemicals present in the C.odorata extract may be responsible for the antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Recommended applications/industries: The results obtained from various activities suggest Caryopteris odorata application as natural alternative antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial reagent. Manuscript profile -
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426 - مقایسه ترکیبات پلی فنلی، خاصیت مهارکنندگی رادیکالهای آزاد و تاثیر بر آدیپوژنز در Chorisia Chodatii و Chorisia Speciosa
جون رفعت ثمر یهیا دسوکی محمد احمد رامادان محمد صالح کامل جونکیو هان هیرکو ایسودامقدمه و هدف: Chorisia گیاهی مهم از خانواده Bombacaceae است که به طور سنتی برای انواع بیماریها استفاده می شود. با توجه به غنی بودن آن از نظر برخی از ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی زیست فعال، برخی از گونه های Chorisia طیف گسترده ای از اثرات مهم بیولوژیکی را نشان داده اند. بر این اسا Moreمقدمه و هدف: Chorisia گیاهی مهم از خانواده Bombacaceae است که به طور سنتی برای انواع بیماریها استفاده می شود. با توجه به غنی بودن آن از نظر برخی از ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی زیست فعال، برخی از گونه های Chorisia طیف گسترده ای از اثرات مهم بیولوژیکی را نشان داده اند. بر این اساس، در مطالعه حاضر، به مقایسه پتانسیل آنتی اکسیدانی و اثرات آن بر آدیپوژنز در دو گونهChorisia chodatii و Chorisia speciosa بر اساس مقدار ترکیبات فنولی موجود در آنها پرداخته شده است. روش تحقیق: کل ترکیبات فنلی و پتانسیل مهار رادیکالهای آزاد در عصاره الکلی برگ، گل، میوه و دانه در دو گونه ذکر شده، و فراکشنهای اصلی در عصاره برگ و گل، به ترتیب با استفاده از روش فولین سیوکالتیو و DPPH مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. به علاوه تاثیر آنها بر آدیپوژنز در مدل سیستمهای آدیپوسیتهای 3T3-L1 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت و بررسی ترکیبات مختلف فیتوشیمیایی آن نیز در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج و بحث: کل عصاره اتانولی همراه با فراکشن های به دست آمده از قسمتهای مختلف در هر دو گونه، باعث القای تمایز وابسته به غلظت در آدیپوسیتهای 3T3-L1 شد ولی در کمترین غلظت (µg/ml 10-5) باعث کاهش قابل توجه در اندازه ذرات چربی شد. به علاوه این عصاره ها تاثیرات قوی بر مهار رادیکالهای آزاد از خود نشان دادند. فراکشن های به دست آمده از بخشهای مختلف گیاه با استفاده از اتیل استات، آب و کلروفرم به ترتیب بیشترین تاثیر بر آدیپوژنز، مهار رادیکالهای آزاد و بیشترین مقدار ترکیبات فنلی را نشان دادند. توصیه های کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج به دست آمده در مجموع نشان داد که تاثیر هر دو گونه Chorisia بر آدیپوژنز و رادیکالهای آزاد ناشی از میزان قابل توجه فلاونوئیدها و ترکیبات فنلی در آنها است. به علاوه نتایج حاکی از ارزش بالقوه این دو گونه در پیشگیری از اختلالات مرتبط با چاقی و بیماریهای مرتبط با رادیکال های آزاد است. مطالعات بیشتر برای بررسی اساس مولکولی تاثیر آنها بر آدیپوژنز همراه با آنالیزهای فیتوشیمیایی دقیق به خصوص در عصاره های غنی از فلاونوئیدها و ترکیبات قطبی پیشنهاد می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - بررسی تنوع ناحیه ای در کلکسیون عناب ایرانی بر اساس ظرفیت پاداکسایشی و ویژگیهای فنلیک
علی عزیزی مریم پیربداقیمقدمه و هدف: میوه های گیاه عناب(Ziziphus jujuba) دارای ویژگیهای سلامتی بخش و خواص دارویی است. استفاده از عناب به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی برای درمان برخی بیماریها در طب سنتی ایرانی تاریخ دیرینه ای دارد. در این پژوهش تنوع میان 29 نمونه ثبت شده از هفت استان موجود د Moreمقدمه و هدف: میوه های گیاه عناب(Ziziphus jujuba) دارای ویژگیهای سلامتی بخش و خواص دارویی است. استفاده از عناب به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی برای درمان برخی بیماریها در طب سنتی ایرانی تاریخ دیرینه ای دارد. در این پژوهش تنوع میان 29 نمونه ثبت شده از هفت استان موجود در کلکسیون عناب ایران بر اساس ویژگیهایی شامل ظرفیت پاداکسایشی، محتوای فنل کل، فلاونوئید و آنتوسیانین کل مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: عصاره گیری از میوه های عناب با استفاده از متانل (85%) انجام شد. آنالیز DPPH جهت اندازه گیری ظرفیت پاداکسایشی مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. جهت سنجش میزان فنل کل، روش مبتنی بر فولین سیکالتیو به کار رفت و مقدار فلاونوئید کل بر اساس روش رنگ سنجی کلرید آلومنیوم تعیین شد. برای اندازه گیری محتوای آنتوسیانین کل از روش ضریب تغییر اسیدیته استفاده شد. نتایج و بحث: نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که نمونه های گیاهی از عناب های مورد آزمایش، یک تفاوت و گوناگونی بالایی(با سطح احتمال ا%) در تمامی صفات فیتوشیمیایی اندازه گیری شده دارند. آنالیز تجزیه به مولفه های اصلی(PCA) بر اساس چهار ویژگی مذکور این تنوع گسترده را تایید کرد و همچنین نمونه های گیاهی را به سه گروه مجزا تفکیک نمود. نمونه گیاهی حمیدآباد ساری (مازندران)، بیاضیه (اصفهان) و کوهپایه 2 (اصفهان) به ترتیب در ویژگیهای محتوای فنل کل، فلاونوئید و آنتوسیانین کل نسبت به بقیه گیاهان برتری داشتند. از طرف دیگر نمونه اردستان (اصفهان)، قاضی اولیا (قم) و مارون (قم) ظرفیت پاداکسایشی بالا داشتند. رابطه همبستگی معنی داری بین محتوای فنل کل و ظرفیت پاداکسایشی یافت نشد. توصیه کاربردی- صنعتی: یافته های این پژوهش نشان داد که ژنوتیپ و مکان رویش عناب تاثیر زیادی بر پتانسیل پاداکسایشی و ویژگیهای فنلیک آن دارد. آگاهی از تنوع یافت شده در این پژوهش، می تواند در بهره برداری بهتر این گیاه در داروسازی و هدایت بهتر برنامه های بهنژادی عناب کمک نماید. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - مقایسه ترکیبات شیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس استخراج شده از برگهای Acorus calamus L.
پینکی چابی آرکانا پارکی ام پراکاش راوندرا کومار ای. کا پانتBackground & Aim: Acorus calamus L. is a native herb in India. The herb belongs to family Acoraceae. It is perennial and grows in marshy land with scented rhizomes and tapered reed like leaves with 80-100 cm in height. The leaves generally arise from the r MoreBackground & Aim: Acorus calamus L. is a native herb in India. The herb belongs to family Acoraceae. It is perennial and grows in marshy land with scented rhizomes and tapered reed like leaves with 80-100 cm in height. The leaves generally arise from the rhizomes. It is also known as sweet flag in English and vernacularly as Bach. The present investigation reveals the chemical diversity and antioxidant activity of Acorus calamus leaf essential oils from different altitudinal regions of Uttarakhand. Experimental: The essential oil composition of Acorus calamus (Araceae) leaves, collected from twenty different ecological niches of Uttarakhand, in India with oil yield ranged between 0.2-1.4 percent, were analyzed by GC/MS. DPPH assay were performed for determination of antioxidant activity of each oil. Results: The major component ranging 43.4-60.7% of the total oil was identified as β- asarone. The other predominant constituents were α-asarone (2.6-7.9%), shyobunone (3.4-6.3%) and Z- isoelemicin (3.2-5.4%). The antioxidant activity of essential oil was studied by their ability to scavenge free radicals with different IC50 values (10.79-106.44 μg/ml) in comparison to standard antioxidant. Recommended applications/industries: The vast chemical diversity of the herb essential oil and its antioxidant potential can be good natural source for herbal neutraceuticals and phenyl propanoids, the biologically important class of terpenoids. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - فلاونوئیدها به عنوان داروهای درمانی نوظهور: مروری بر فعالیت زیستی و شیمی درمانی آنها
آبیچه ایکالو جامز داماهابیلابBackground and aim: The aim of the review is to study the bioactivity, chemoprevention and chemotherapy approach of flavonoids as the emerging therapeutic agents Results: The quickest way of managing health challenges in the developing world is by the uses of herbs. The MoreBackground and aim: The aim of the review is to study the bioactivity, chemoprevention and chemotherapy approach of flavonoids as the emerging therapeutic agents Results: The quickest way of managing health challenges in the developing world is by the uses of herbs. These medicinal plants are known to contain phytochemicals that conferred on them these pharmacological potentials. Among these chemical constituents are the flavonoids which become the emergent therapeutic agents because of their vast pharmacological properties. Among reported activities of plants derived phytochemicals, flavonoids have shown various pharmacological activities. Many flavonoids have shown significant anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. Therefore, researches have focused on developing potent bioactive flavonoids. Recent researchers have focused on the development of potent drugs with minimal toxicity for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. The antibacterial activities of flavonoids against a wide range of microorganisms and their radical-scavenging ability are well known and reported. Therefore, one can conclude that flavonoids have actually become emerging therapeutic agents. Recommended applications/industries: In view of the pharmaceutical properties of various flavonoids such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities, they could be used in pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره متانولی .Salvia aethiopis L در سیستم گردش خون موش صحرایی
مصطفی اسدبگی رویا کرمیان پریسا حسنین مسعود رنجبر رامتین پاکزادمقدمه و هدف: رادیکال­های آزاد نقش مهمی را در گسترش آسیب­های بافتی در بیماری­های مختلف مانند سرطان، پیری، ضعف سیستم عصبی، ‏مالاریا، تصلب شرائین و رخدادهای پاتولوژیکی بازی می­کنند. آنتی­اکسیدان­ها نقش مهمی در ممانعت از پیشرفت این بیماری­ها Moreمقدمه و هدف: رادیکال­های آزاد نقش مهمی را در گسترش آسیب­های بافتی در بیماری­های مختلف مانند سرطان، پیری، ضعف سیستم عصبی، ‏مالاریا، تصلب شرائین و رخدادهای پاتولوژیکی بازی می­کنند. آنتی­اکسیدان­ها نقش مهمی در ممانعت از پیشرفت این بیماری­ها ‏ایفاء می­کنند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی پتانسیل مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد ‏‎ DPPHدر سیستم گردش خون موش صحرایی ‏توسط عصاره متانولی ‏Salvia aethiopis‏ است. این گیاه متعلق به جنس مریم گلی از تیره نعناعیان است که اغلب گونه­های آن ‏ارزش غذایی و دارویی دارند. مطالعات بیشتر پتانسیل این گونه گیاهی را به عنوان یک کاندید مناسب جهت کاربردهای دارویی و صنعتی آشکار می­سازد. روش تحقیق: بدین منظور تعداد‎ ‎‏10‏‎ ‎سر‎ ‎موش‎ ‎صحرایی‎ ‎ماده‎ ‎بالغ‎ ‎به طور‎ ‎تصادفی‎ ‎با‎ ‎وزن‎ ‎حدود‎ ‎‏200-250 گرم انتخاب‎ ‎شده و سپس‎ ‎به طور‎ ‎مساوی‎ ‎و‎ ‎تصادفی‎ ‎به‎ ‎سه‎ ‎گروه‎ ‎تقسیم‎ ‎شدند. گروه اول موش­های ‏صحرایی 0/5 میلی لیتر‎ ‎محلول متانولی ‏DPPH‏ (4-10‏‏×3 مولار) دریافت‎ ‎کردند. گروه‎ ‎دوم موش­های صحرایی 1 ‏میلی­لیتر عصاره ‏Salvia aethiopis ‎‏ (1 میلی­گرم در میلی­لیتر) به همراه 0/5 میلی ‎لیتر محلول متانولی ‏DPPH‏ ‏دریافت کردند و گروه‎ ‎سوم موش های‎ ‎صحرایی 1 ‏میلی­لیتر اسید آسکوربیک را به جای عصاره گیاه به همراه 0/5 میلی ‎لیتر محلول متانولی ‏DPPH به عنوان کنترل مثبت دریافت کردند. ‏تمام تزریق ها به صورت درون صفاقی انجام شد. پس از خون­گیری از قلب حیوانات و جداسازی سرم، مقدار فعالیت ‏مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد DPPH توسط عصاره Salvia aethiopis با در نظر گرفتن کاهش جذب ‏قرائت شده به روش اسپکتروفتومتری ارزیابی شد.‏ نتایج و بحث: کاهش جذب برای رادیکال آزاد DPPH (1/85 نانومتر) در سرم خون موش­ها در حضور اسید آسکوربیک به عنوان کنترل مثبت (1/07 نانومتر) و عصاره متانولی Salvia aethiopis به عنوان نمونه (78/0 نانومتر) حاکی از توانایی مثبت مهارکنندگی رادیکال آزاد عصاره متانولی گونه مورد مطالعه در سیستم گردش خون موش­ صحرایی از اسید آسکوربیک به عنوان یک آنتی­اکسیدان سنتزی است. در مجموع نتیجه این مطالعه نشان می­دهد که عصاره Salvia aethiopisبه­دلیل دارا بودن فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی مناسب می­تواند در مطالعات بالینی آتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - مکانیسم سیستم دفاع آنتی اکسیدانی غیر آنزیمی در اندام های مختلف Catharanthus roseus برای محافظت از غشای سلولی
شاهین مردانی نژاد رمضانعلی خاوری نژاد سارا سعادتمند فرزانه نجفی پرویز آبرومند آذرمقدمه و هدف: وقتی سطح رادیکال های آزاد افزایش می یابد و سیستم های آنزیمی و ملکول های کوچک آنتی اکسیدانی قادر به محافظت از موجود زنده نباشد، دریافت آنتی اکسیدان از منابع خارجی لازم به نظر می رسد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی توان آنتی اکسیدانی قسمت های مختلف کاتارانتوس Moreمقدمه و هدف: وقتی سطح رادیکال های آزاد افزایش می یابد و سیستم های آنزیمی و ملکول های کوچک آنتی اکسیدانی قادر به محافظت از موجود زنده نباشد، دریافت آنتی اکسیدان از منابع خارجی لازم به نظر می رسد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی توان آنتی اکسیدانی قسمت های مختلف کاتارانتوس روزئوس انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: پتانسیل آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره های اتانولی ریشه ها، ساقه ها، برگ ها، گل ها، غلاف دانه ها و دانه های گیاه کاتارانتوس روزئوس بر اساس مهار رادیکال آزاد 1، 1-دی فنیل-2-پیکریل هیدرازیل (DPPH)، مهار پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی بوسیله روش فریک تیوسیانات (FTC) و مهار مالون دی آلدئید با روش تیوباربیوتریک اسید (TBA) در مقابل استانداردهای بوتیلیت هیدروکسی تولوئن (BHT)، بوتیلیت هیدروکسی آنیسول (BHA) و آسکوربیک اسید مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج و بحث: محتوای فنلی در ریشه (58/2±61/61 میکروگرم معادل گالیک اسید در هر میلی گرم وزن خشک عصاره) طبق روش فولین-سیوکالتیو بیشتر از سایر اندامها بود. در مهار نیمی از رادیکال های آزاد DPPH عصاره ریشه، بذر و برگ به ترتیب با 02/2±9/238 ، 42/1±78/253 و 56/2±95/277 میکرو گرم در میلی لیتر بهترین عملکرد را داشتند. در مهار پراکسیداسیون لینولئیک اسید، عصاره ریشه بهترین قدرت مهاری را بعد از آسکوربیک اسید و BHT داشت و عصاره های برگ و دانه عملکردی مشابه با BHA داشتند. در مهار مالون دی آلدئید عصاره ریشه و دانه به ترتیب با 54/0±68/78 و 66/0±44/77 درصد نسیت به سایر عصاره ها بهترین عملکرد را داشتند. ضریب تشخیص پیرسون بین محتوای فنلی و ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره ها مطابق روش های DPPH، FTC و TBAبالا و معادل 838/0-، 895/0 و 740/0 بود. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: نتایج این تحقیق می تواند نوید بخش استفاده از توان آنتی اکسیدانی اندام این گیاه بویژه در مهار رادیکال های آزاد و پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - ترکیب شیمیایی و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی گونه .Acorus calamus L از ارتفاعات مختلف اوتاراکند هیمالیا
آرکانا پارکی پینکی کوبی ام پراکاش راوندرا کومار آنیل پانتBackground & Aim: Acorus calamus L. (Araceae) is an herb traditionally used in Indian and Chinees system of medicine. It is a perennial herb with long, cylindrical scented rhizomes which are creeping and extensively branched with the thickness up to 2.5 cm. Th MoreBackground & Aim: Acorus calamus L. (Araceae) is an herb traditionally used in Indian and Chinees system of medicine. It is a perennial herb with long, cylindrical scented rhizomes which are creeping and extensively branched with the thickness up to 2.5 cm. The rhizomes are whitish internally and brownish externally in appearance. It is vernacularly known as Bach in India. The present investigation reveals the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of the rhizome and leaves methanolic extracts of A calamus from three different altitudes of Uttarakhand. Experimental: The extracts compositions of Acorus calamus rhizomes and leaves collected from three different altitudes of Uttarakhand Himalayas, India. The yield of extracts ranged from 0.3- 4.8% w/v, were analyzed by GC/MS and in-vitro antioxidant assay were done by different methods. Results: Over 65 contributing 80.90-90.55 % in different extracts among all the accessions were identified. The major compounds identified were β-asarone (44.9-51.9%), shyobunone (1.1%- 5.3%), Z-methyl isoeugenol (0.1%-2.4%), leinoleic acid (6.4%-18.9%), α-asarone(0.1%-4.6%) and Z-isoelemicin (2.2%-15.8%). The amount of phenolics in rhizome extracts, ranged from 4.10 mg-4.80 mg GAE/g respectively, whereas in leaf extracts the amounts were 2.40-3.26mg GAE/g respectively. All the extracts exhibited good in vitro antioxidant activity with the IC50 values ranging from 0.3- 4.8 % w/v determined by different methods compared to standard antioxidant. Recommended applications/industries: Based on above observations it can be inferred that the herb may be a good source of bioactive compounds and can work as an antioxidant to prevent the oxidative deteriorative activity of food materials beside generation of database for its scientific and judicious in-situ exploitation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی اسانس میوه گلپر برفی (Heracleum lasiopetalum Boiss) بر خواص شیمیایی چیپس سیب زمینی
لیلا صداقت بروجنی محمد حجت الاسلامی جواد کرامت عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطیمقدمه و هدف: آنتی­ اکسیدان های شیمیایی، اکسیداسیون چربی و ترکیبات حاصل از آن به عنوان عوامل سرطان زا در مواد غذایی شناخته می شوند. در این مطالعه اثر اسانس میوه گلپر برفی با نام محلی کرسوم بر اکسیداسیون روغن و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی چیپس سیب زمینی در مقایسه با آنتی Moreمقدمه و هدف: آنتی­ اکسیدان های شیمیایی، اکسیداسیون چربی و ترکیبات حاصل از آن به عنوان عوامل سرطان زا در مواد غذایی شناخته می شوند. در این مطالعه اثر اسانس میوه گلپر برفی با نام محلی کرسوم بر اکسیداسیون روغن و خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی چیپس سیب زمینی در مقایسه با آنتی اکسیدان های متداول BHA و TBHQ بررسی شده است. روش تحقیق: اسانس میوه گلپر برفی به روش تقطیر با آب توسط کلوینجر استخراج شد و توسط روش GC/MS به منظور تعیین ترکیب شیمیایی آن تجزیه شد. اسانس به روغن سرخ کردن چیپس های سیب زمینی در غلظت 3000 قسمت در میلیون اضافه گردید و اثر آنتی اکسیدانی آنبر چیپس های تولید شده با اندازه گیری عدد پراکسید، تیوباربیتوریک اسید و اسیدیته روغن استخراجی از چیپس مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. BHA و TBHQ به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان های متداول در غلظت 200 قسمت در میلیون اضافه شدند و روند کاهش اکسیداسیون در 45 روز ارزیابی شد. نتایج و بحث: اسانس میوه گلپربرفی مانند آنتی اکسیدان های سنتزی می تواند اکسیداسیون را کاهش دهد. تست TBA نشان داد که اسانس گلپر برفی در کاهش واکنش اولیه TBAنسبت به BHA موثرتر است در حالی که TBHQ کمترین مقدار را داشته است. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: اسانس میوه گلپربرفی دارای فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی است که می تواند به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی در مواد غذایی در طول نگهداری استفاده شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - Spinel ferrites as efficient magnetically reusable nanocatalysts in the solvent-free synthesis of substituted trisphenols
Negar Zekri Reza Fareghi-Alamdari -
Open Access Article
435 - Comparative Evaluation of Ascorbic Acid Supplementation in Tris-Egg Yolk Based Extender and Triladyl® Extender on Post-Thaw Kinematics Parameters of Sahiwal Bull Semen
H. Abdul Rauf R.E. Qadeer F.U. Hassan M. Tarique Tunio M.F. Bhutta S. Imran -
Open Access Article
436 - Toxic Impact of Sub-Chronic Oral Exposure of Cyfluthrin on Antioxidant Status in Buffalo Calves
R. Kaur S. Ahsan-UI-Haq B. Ranjan S. Rampal -
Open Access Article
437 - تأثیر مکمل عصاره هسته انگور بر عملکرد، فعالیت آنزیم آنتیاکسیدانی و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجههای گوشتی تحت تنشگرمایی
ح. حاجاتی ا. حسن آبادی ا. گلیان ح. نصیری-مقدم م.ر. نصیریپژوهشهای حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر استفاده از عصاره هسته انگور به صورت مکمل با جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، پاسخ فعالیت آنزیم آنتی­اکسیدانی و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: شاهد (بدون افزودنی)، عصاره هسته انگور در سه سطح 1 Moreپژوهشهای حاضر با هدف ارزیابی تأثیر استفاده از عصاره هسته انگور به صورت مکمل با جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، پاسخ فعالیت آنزیم آنتی­اکسیدانی و پاسخ ایمنی در جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: شاهد (بدون افزودنی)، عصاره هسته انگور در سه سطح 150، 300 یا 450 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم، ویتامین C در سطح 300 میلی­گرم در کیلوگرم به عنوان کنترل مثبت به پرنده­ها از 1 تا 42 روزگی تغذیه شد. تنش گرمایی مزمن (دمای 1±34 درجه سانتی­گراد روزانه به مدت 5 ساعت) از 29 تا 42 روزگی القا شد. مکمل کردن عصاره هسته انگور تا سطح 300 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم جیره افزایش وزن روزانه جوجه­های گوشتی را در مقایسه با گروه شاهد قبل از تنش حرارتی افزایش داد (28-1 روزگی). حین شرایط تنش گرمایی، مکمل عصاره هسته انگور در سطوح 300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره ضریب تبدیل غذایی را بهبود داد. مکمل کردن عصاره هسته انگور در سطح 300 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره تیتر ایمونوگلوبین G به عنوان پاسخ اولیه و ثانویه به تزریق گلبول قرمز گوسفندی را افزایش داد. به علاوه، پرندگان تغذیه شده با عصاره هسته انگور (150، 300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره)، یا ویتامین C (300 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) سطوح بالاتری از تیتر ایمونوگلوبین G به عنوان پاسخ ثانویه در برابر گلبول قرمز گوسفندی داشتند. مکمل عصاره هسته انگور در سطوح 300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره درصد هتروفیل، نسبت هتروفیل/لمفوسیت را کاهش و درصد لمفوسیت جوجه­های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی را افزایش داد. مکمل کردن جیره با عصاره هسته انگور (300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) فعالیت آنزیم گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز را در پرندگان تحت تنش گرمایی افزایش داد. مکمل عصاره هسته انگور یا ویتامین C تأثیری بر پاسخ حساسیت پوستی و وزن نسبی طحال و بورس فابریسیوس جوجه­های تحت تنش گرمایی نداشت. اما مکمل کردن جیره با عصاره هسته انگور (300 و 450 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) یا ویتامین C (300 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم جیره) وزن نسبی تیموس پرندگان تحت تنش گرمایی را افزایش داد. بنابراین، مکمل عصاره هسته انگور بهتر از ویتامین C توانست اثرات مضر تنش گرمایی را در جوجه­های گوشتی کاهش دهد و برای اهداف اقتصادی و سلامت ارجحیت دارد زیرا بخشی از پسماندهای جانبی طبیعی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Effects of Hydrolyzed Cottonseed Protein on Growth Performances, Carcass Traits, Immunity, Microbial and Morphological Responses of the Small Intestine and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Serum, and Small Intestine in Broiler Chickens
N. Landy F. Kheiri -
Open Access Article
439 - The Performance, Antioxidant Status, Blood Chemistry Analysis and Tissue Histology of Broiler Birds Fed a Diet Containing Chromium Picolinate and Vitamin C
F.B. Adebayo O.A. Adu C.A. Chineke O.D. Oloruntola O.S. Omoleye S.A. Adeyeye S.O. Ayodele -
Open Access Article
440 - The Effects of Dietary Omega-3 and / or Coenzyme Q10 on Semen Quality and Reproductive Function of Aged Broiler Breeder Roosters
H. Salari Y. Jafari Ahangari Z. Ansari Pirsaraei -
Open Access Article
441 - شرایط منجر به استرس اکسیداتیو در گاوهای شیری
ج. گونزالز-مالدونادو ر. رانگل-سانتوس ر. رودریگز-دلارا گ. رامیرز-والوردهرادیکالهای آزاد به طور طبیعی توسط ارگانیسمهای زنده تولید میشوند، در نرخ تولید کنترل شده آنها عملکردهای فیزیولوژیکی را به عنوان مولکولهای انتقال پیام ایفا میکنند. با این وجود، شرایط منجر به تولید بیش از حد که ظرفیت ضد اکسیداتیو را از بین میبرند استرس اکسیداتیو را Moreرادیکالهای آزاد به طور طبیعی توسط ارگانیسمهای زنده تولید میشوند، در نرخ تولید کنترل شده آنها عملکردهای فیزیولوژیکی را به عنوان مولکولهای انتقال پیام ایفا میکنند. با این وجود، شرایط منجر به تولید بیش از حد که ظرفیت ضد اکسیداتیو را از بین میبرند استرس اکسیداتیو را به وجود میآورند. در نتیجه، صدمه به غشاء سلولی، پروتئین، DNA و مرگ سلول مشاهده میشود. گاوهای شیری به استرس اکسیداتیو حساس هستند. شرایطهایی مانند عفونتها، اختلالات متابولیکی و استرس گرمایی در گاوها با خالیکردن غلظتهای آنتیاکسیدانهای بدنی یا با افزایش تولید رادیکالهای آزاد درونزاد به عنوان ایجادکننده استرس اکسیداتیو شناخته شدهاند. پاسخ ارگانیسم به استرس اکسیداتیو توسط فعال­سازی عوامل سلولی که بعد از ارزیابی صدمه به سلول، یک سیگنال بازیابی یا مرگ برنامهریزی خواهد شد. هدف از این بررسی تقویت دانش مرتبط با استرس اکسیداتیو در خواننده و فراهم آوردن اطلاعات در مورد شرایط منجر به این نوع از استرس و پاسخ سلولی به آن در گاوهای شیری است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Effect of Citrus Seed Extracts on Oxidative Stabilityof Raw and Cooked Chicken Meat
K.D. Adeyemi O.A. Olorunsanya Abe Abe -
Open Access Article
443 - Manganese: A Potent Antioxidant in Semen
A.K. Bansal -
Open Access Article
444 - Meta-Analysis of the Addition of Exogenous Antioxidants to in vitro Maturation Medium: Improved in vitro Nuclear Maturation of Animal Oocyte
M. Khazaei A. Vaisi-Raygani F. Aghaz -
Open Access Article
445 - بررسی اثرات آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره آویشن بر فراسنجههای کیفی اسپرم منجمد-یخگشاییشده قوچ مغانی
و. واحدی ن. هدایت ایوریق م. بهروزلک ع. دیرندهاسترس اکسیداتیو طی فرآیند انجماد-یخگشایی اسپرم به وجود آمده و باعث کاهش تحرک، زنده مانی، عملکردهای غشایی، ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی و در نهایت باروری سلول­های اسپرم می­شود. گیاه آویشن به دلیل داشتن ترکیبات فنولی دارای خاصیت آنتیاکسیدانی است. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثی Moreاسترس اکسیداتیو طی فرآیند انجماد-یخگشایی اسپرم به وجود آمده و باعث کاهش تحرک، زنده مانی، عملکردهای غشایی، ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی و در نهایت باروری سلول­های اسپرم می­شود. گیاه آویشن به دلیل داشتن ترکیبات فنولی دارای خاصیت آنتیاکسیدانی است. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر عصاره گیاه آویشن به عنوان یک آنتیاکسیدان طبیعی بر کیفیت اسپرم منجمد-یخگشایی شده قوچ مغانی بود. در این مطالعه از 4 رأس قوچ مغانی هفتهای دو بار اسپرمگیری شد. سپس نمونههای منی به طور یکسان با هم مخلوط شدند و با رقیقکننده بر پایه تریس که حاوی سطوح مختلف عصاره آویشن (0، 2، 4، 8، 12 و 16 میلیلیتر در دسیلیتر محلول رقیقکننده) بود، رقیق شدند. نمونهها پس از طی مراحل سردسازی و انجماد تا زمان ارزیابی در داخل ازت مایع نگهداری شدند. بعد از یخگشایی، پارامترهای حرکتی اسپرم، زندهمانی و تست یکپارچگی غشاء مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن سطوح 2 و 4 دسیلیتر/میلیلیتر عصاره درصد تحرک کلی اسپرم­ها را افزایش داد (05/0P<). همچنین غلظت 4 دسیلیتر/میلیلیتر عصاره به طور معنیداری تحرک پیشرونده و درصد زندهمانی اسپرم­ها را نسبت به گروه شاهد و گروه­های تیماری حاوی سطوح بالاتر بهبود داد (05/0P<). درصد یکپارچگی غشای پلاسمایی اسپرمها در گروه­های 4 و 8 دسیلیتر/میلیلیتر در مقایسه با گروه شاهد و گروه­های 12 و 16 به طور معنیداری بالاتر بود (05/0P<). همچنین افزودن 16 دسیلیتر/میلیلیتر به طور معنیداری اثر منفی بر تمامی صفات ارزیابی شده داشت (05/0P<). در نتیجه استفاده از عصاره آویشن در رقیقکننده منی منجر به بهبود کیفیت اسپرم منجمد-یخگشاییشده قوچ شد که این اثر وابسته به دوز میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - تأثیر آنتیاکسیدان D-آسپارتیک اسید و سرعت یخگشایی بر فرآیند انجماد-یخگشایی منی قوچ
ح. دقیق کیا ص. وطنخواهاین مطالعه به منظور تعیین اثر D-آسپارتیک اسید (D-Asp) به عنوان مکمل آنتی­اکسیدانی و سرعت یخ­گشایی بر تحرک، یکپارچگی غشاء، ناهنجاری، زنده­مانی، فعالیت میتوکندریایی، میزان مالون ­دی آلدهید، فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی و ظرفیت کل آنتی­اکسیدانی بعد از فرآین Moreاین مطالعه به منظور تعیین اثر D-آسپارتیک اسید (D-Asp) به عنوان مکمل آنتی­اکسیدانی و سرعت یخ­گشایی بر تحرک، یکپارچگی غشاء، ناهنجاری، زنده­مانی، فعالیت میتوکندریایی، میزان مالون ­دی آلدهید، فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی و ظرفیت کل آنتی­اکسیدانی بعد از فرآیند انجماد–یخ­گشایی اسپرم قوچ انجام گرفت. نمونه­های منی از پنج رأس قوچ بالغ (4-3 ساله) گرفته شده و با استفاده از رقیق­کننده (5/1 درصد لستین سویا و 7 درصد گلیسرول)، بدون آنتی اکسیدان (شاهد) و دارای D-Asp (5، 10 و 15 میلی­گرم در لیتر) محافظت انجمادی شدند. پایوت­های منجمد شده با استفاده از حمام آب گرم با دمای °C 37 در مدت 30 ثانیه و در دمای °C 60 به مدت 6 ثانیه یخ­گشایی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که افزودن 10 میلی­گرم بر لیتر از D-Asp باعث بهبود معنی­دار درصد حرکت پیش­رونده، میانگین مسیر طی شده (VAP) و سرعت در خط مستقیم (VSL) اسپرم­ها بعد از فرآیند انجماد-یخ­گشایی شد (05/0>P). میزان یکپارچگی غشاء پلاسمایی، فعالیت میتوکندریایی، زنده­مانی، ظرفیت کل آنتی­­اکسیدانی و فعالیت گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز در نمونه­های دریافت کننده10 میلی­گرم در لیتر D-Asp نسبت به دیگر تیمارها بالاتر بود (05/0>P). در همین حال، ناهنجاری کل در نمونه­های دریافت کننده 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر D-Asp نسبت به 15 میلی­گرم در لیتر و یا گروه کنترل کاهش معنی­داری داشت (05/0>P). نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد که سطح مالون دی آلدهید در گروه دریافت کننده 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر D-Asp نسبت به دیگر تیمارها کمتر بود (05/0>P). اثر متقابل معنی­داری بین غلظت­های مختلف D-Asp و متدهای مختلف ذوب منی منجمد مشاهده نشد. استفاده از روش ذوب منی در دمای °C 37 و در مدت 30 ثانیه باعث بهبود معنی­دار زنده­مانی اسپرم و فعالیت میتوکندریایی شد (05/0>P). به طورکلی، نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که افزودن 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر D-Asp اثرات مفیدی بر روی کیفیت منی قوچ بعد از انجماد و یخ­گشایی می­شود. بنابراین افزودن این آنتی اکسیدان در مقادیر مناسب به عنوان یکی از اجزای رقیق­کننده­های انجمادی منی قوچ قابل توصیه می­باشد. استفاده از پروتکل دمای ذوب °C 60 به مدت 6 ثانیه نمی­تواند جایگزین مطلوبی با پروتکل ذوب منی منجمد در دمای °C 37 و در مدت 30 ثانیه باشد. Manuscript profile -
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447 - Vicia variabilis a Nutritive Feed for Domesticated Animals: A Survey about Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity
M. Mosaddegh M. Hamzeloo Moghadam F. Naghibi S. Mohebby A. Pirani B. Eslami -
Open Access Article
448 - Total Antioxidant Capacity and Malondialdehyde Level in Plasma of Broiler Chicks Fed Diet Containing Different Levels of Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
A.A. Sadeghi W. Izadi P. Shawrang M. Chamani M. Aminafshar -
Open Access Article
449 - اثر مخلوط گیاه دارویی و پرو بیوتیک بر عملکرد، فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی و سن از شیرگیری گوسالههای شیرخوار هلشتاین
ص. سیف زاده ف. میرزایی آقجه ح. عبدی بنمار ج. سیف دواتی ب. نوید شادهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر یک مخلوط گیاه داوریی و پروبیوتیک بر عمکرد، فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی و سن از شیرگیری در گوسالههای شیرخوار هلشتاین بود. برای انجام این آزمایش، 30 رأس گوساله هلشتاین تازه متولد شده (میانگین سنی 10-1 روز) با میانیگن وزنی 8 ± 42 در قالب یک طر Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر یک مخلوط گیاه داوریی و پروبیوتیک بر عمکرد، فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی و سن از شیرگیری در گوسالههای شیرخوار هلشتاین بود. برای انجام این آزمایش، 30 رأس گوساله هلشتاین تازه متولد شده (میانگین سنی 10-1 روز) با میانیگن وزنی 8 ± 42 در قالب یک طرح فاکتوریل (2×3) با 6 تیمار و 5 تکرار استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) جیره پایه شامل جیره استارتر و شیر کامل (شاهد)، 2) جیره پایه + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک، 3) جیره پایه + 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی، 4) جیره پایه + 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک و 5) جیره پایه + 3 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی ، 6) جیره پایه + 3 درصد گیاه دارویی + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک بودند. گوسالهها خوراکهای آزمایشی پلت شده را به صورت آزاد دریافت کردند و پس از یک ماه علوفه خشک وارد جیره غذایی شد. نتایج نشان داد که جیره­های آزمایشی بر مصرف ماده خشک در طول آزمایش نداشت. اما، افزودن 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی سبب افزایش ماده خشک شد (05/0>P). همچنین سطح 5/1 درصد گیاه داوریی باعث کاهش سن از شیرگیری گوساله­ها شد (05/0>P). گوساله­های تغذیه شده با 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی و 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی پلاسمایی بالاتری داشتند (05/0>P). این مطالعه پیشنهاد می­کند که سطح 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی سبب بهبود عملکرد، سیستم ایمنی و همچنین کاهش سن از شیرگیری در گوسالههای شیر خوار خواهد شد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - Comparative Analysis of Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Effect of Seed Coat Extracts of Four Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Varieties on Broiler Meat
K.D. Adeyemi A.O. Olorunsanya -
Open Access Article
451 - Effects of Different Forms of Cattle Colostrum for Broiler Chickens
M. Arjomand A. Nobakht Y. Mehmannavaz -
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452 - Insulin Like Growth Factor-1 Fortification Improves Post Thaw Sperm Quality and Fertility of Goat
K. Sharma R. Ranjan S. Gupta -
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453 - Effects of Dietary Organic Selenium Supplementation on Performance and Antioxidant Enzymes of Broilers under Heat Stress Conditions: A Meta-Analysis
F. Tavakolinasab M. Hashemi -
Open Access Article
454 - اثر مکملهای دانههای خرد شده سیاهدانه و زیره سیاه بر عملکرد رشد، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی، فراسنجههای خونی و پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی برههای سنجابی
س. کاکی م.م. معینی ف. هژبری ز. نیکوصفتهدف از انجام این آزمایش بررسی اثر مکملهای سیاهدانه و زیره سیاه بر عملکرد، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی، فراسنجههای خونی و پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی برههای سنجابی بود. هیجده بره نرسنجابی (18-20 هفتهای) به صورت تصادفی به سه جیره آزمایشی تقسیم شدند: 1) جیره پایه به عنوان شاهد؛ 2) ج Moreهدف از انجام این آزمایش بررسی اثر مکملهای سیاهدانه و زیره سیاه بر عملکرد، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی، فراسنجههای خونی و پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی برههای سنجابی بود. هیجده بره نرسنجابی (18-20 هفتهای) به صورت تصادفی به سه جیره آزمایشی تقسیم شدند: 1) جیره پایه به عنوان شاهد؛ 2) جیره پایه بعلاوه 30 گرم سیاهدانه به ازای هرکیلوگرم ماده خشک جیره و 3) جیره پایه بعلاوه 30 گرم زیره سیاه به ازای هرکیلوگرم ماده خشک جیره. برههای تغذیه شده با زیره سیاه وزن نهایی بالاتری نسبت به گروه شاهد داشتند (05/0>P). بره­های تغذیه شده با سیاهدانه در مقایسه باگروه شاهد غلظت آلانینآمینوترانسفراز و کلسترول کمتری داشتند (05/0>P). غلظت مالوندیآلدئید سرم خون برههای تغذیه شده با زیره سیاه در مقایسه با گروه شاهد کمتر بود (05/0>P). با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش افزودن مکمل سیاهدانه و زیره سیاه به جیره برههای پرواری میتواند سبب بهبود عملکرد رشد و فراسنجههای آنتیاکسیدانی شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - تأثیر عصاره رزماری (Rosmarinus officinalis) بر عملکرد، توانایی آنتیاکسیدانی و فراسنجههای گازهای خونی جوجههای گوشتی تحت تیمار نیترات سدیم در آب آشامیدنی
ع.ر. اخواست م. دانشیاردویست و بیست جوجه گوشتی در 5 گروه برای بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف 0، 5/1، 3 و 6 میلیلیتر عصاره رزماری همراه با نیترات سدیم (4/27 میلیگرم در لیتر آب آشامیدنی) در مقایسه با آب شاهد (فاقد هیچ افزودنی) بر عملکرد و پتانسیل آنتیاکسیدانی جوجههای گوشتی استفاده شد. افزایش وزن بد Moreدویست و بیست جوجه گوشتی در 5 گروه برای بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف 0، 5/1، 3 و 6 میلیلیتر عصاره رزماری همراه با نیترات سدیم (4/27 میلیگرم در لیتر آب آشامیدنی) در مقایسه با آب شاهد (فاقد هیچ افزودنی) بر عملکرد و پتانسیل آنتیاکسیدانی جوجههای گوشتی استفاده شد. افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل خوراک در طول دوره پایانی به طور منفی تحت تأثیر نیترات قرار گرفت که با سطوح مختلف عصاره رزماری به حالت عادی برگشت. هر دوی اسید اوریک و ظرفیت کل آنتیاکسیدانی توسط نیترات کاهش یافت در حالیکه با مصرف 3 میلیلیتر عصاره رزماری به سطح شاهد رسید. نیترات فشار جزئی اکسیژن را کاهش داد و سطوح 3 و 6 میلیلیتر در لیتر عصاره رزماری فشار جزئی اکسیژن را به سطح کنترل رساند. فشار جزئی دیاکسید کربن خون سیاهرگی بر خلاف فشار جزئی اکسیژن تحت تأثیر نیترات و عصاره رزماری قرار گرفت. به طور کلی، مصرف عصاره رزماری در آب آشامیدنی میتواند توانایی آنتیاکسیدانی و عملکرد جوجههای گوشتی تحت تیمار نیترات سدیم را بهبود دهد Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - Effects of Bovine Bile and Savory Essential Oil Supplemented Diets on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Parameters and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens
S. Farajollahzadeh A.R. Safamehr A. Nobakht Y. Mehmannavaz -
Open Access Article
457 - اثرات رنگدانههای استخراج شده از گل جعفری بر کیفیت تخم مرغ و پایداری اکسیداتیو زرده تخم مرغ در مرغان تخمگذار تجاری
م. رضایی س. زکیزاده ن. ایلاهدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات استفاده از رنگدانههای استخراج شده از گل جعفری در مقایسه با رنگدانههای سینتتیک بر عملکرد تولیدی مرغان تخمگذار و کیفیت و خواص آنتیاکسیدانی تخم مرغ آنها بود. تعداد 64 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار در سن 75 هفتگی به صورت تصادفی به 4 گروه آزمایشی شامل: (1 Moreهدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات استفاده از رنگدانههای استخراج شده از گل جعفری در مقایسه با رنگدانههای سینتتیک بر عملکرد تولیدی مرغان تخمگذار و کیفیت و خواص آنتیاکسیدانی تخم مرغ آنها بود. تعداد 64 قطعه مرغ تخمگذار در سن 75 هفتگی به صورت تصادفی به 4 گروه آزمایشی شامل: (1) کنترل، جیره پایه بدون رنگدانه، (2) جیره پایه + 25 ppm رنگدانه سینتتیک تجاری، (3) جیره پایه + 20 ppm کل کارتنوئیدهای استخراج شده از گل جعفری و (4) جیره پایه + 40 ppm کل کارتنوئیدهای استخراج شده از گل جعفری، در 16 قفس مجزا با ابعاد استاندارد تقسیم شدند. در طول 8 هفته دوره آزمایشی صفات عملکردی، کیفیت تخم مرغ، شاخص رنگ زرده و پایداری اکسیداتیو لیپیدهای زرده در مرغان اندازهگیری و به روش طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تولید و کیفیت تخم مرغ تفاوت معنیداری بین گروههای آزمایشی نسبت به گروه شاهد (بدون مصرف رنگدانه) نداشت ولی شاخص رنگ زرده در مرغانی که از رنگدانه طبیعی یا سینتتیک مصرف کرده بودند به صورت معنیداری بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود (01/0>P). ثبات اکسیداتیو لیپیدهای زرده در مرغان تغذیه شده با رنگدانه جعفری بعد از 3 هفته به صورت معنیداری بهبود یافت (05/0>P). در مجموع استفاده از گل جعفری به عنوان رنگدانه و یا به عنوان آنتیاکسیدان در جیره مرغان تخمگذار باید ارزیابی اقتصادی شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - Effect of Protein Levels and Rumen Protected Glutamine Supplementation on Blood Metabolites, Thyroid Hormones, and Redox Status of Heat Stressed Fattening Lambs
M. Feyz A. Teimouri Yansari Y. Chashnidel E. Dirandeh -
Open Access Article
459 - اثرات سطوح مختلف پودر و اسانس مرزه بر عملکرد و وضعیت آنتی اکسیدانی در جوجههای گوشتی تحت تنش حرارتی
S. Montazeri M. Jafari S. Khojastehاین تحقیق جهت ارزیابی اثر سطوح مختلف پودر و اسانس مرزه بر عملکرد و وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی جوجههای گوشتی تحت تنش حرارتی (2±34 سانتیگراد برای 8 ساعت در روز) انجام گرفت. برای این آزمایش، تعداد 336 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر سویه راس 308 به طور تصادفی به 6 تیمار با 4 تکرار ( Moreاین تحقیق جهت ارزیابی اثر سطوح مختلف پودر و اسانس مرزه بر عملکرد و وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی جوجههای گوشتی تحت تنش حرارتی (2±34 سانتیگراد برای 8 ساعت در روز) انجام گرفت. برای این آزمایش، تعداد 336 قطعه جوجه یکروزه نر سویه راس 308 به طور تصادفی به 6 تیمار با 4 تکرار (در هر تکرار 14 قطعه) اختصاص یافت. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل جیره پایه بدون افزودنی به عنوان شاهد، جیره حاوی 200 قسمت در میلیون (ppm) ویتامین E به عنوان شاهد مثبت، جیره حاوی 1 درصد پودر مرزه، جیره حاوی 2 درصد پودر مرزه، جیره حاوی 100 قسمت در میلیون اسانس مرزه و جیره حاوی 200 قسمت در میلیون اسانس مرزه بودند. نتایج نشان داد که وزن بدن، افزایش وزن، مصرف خوراک و ضریب تبدیل تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). تمامی تیمارها به استثنای تیمار 1 درصد پودر مرزه باعث کاهش معنیدار مالوندیآلدهید و افزایش فعالیت آنزیم سوپر اکسید دیسموتاز کبد شدند (05/0>P). تفاوت معنیداری بین تیمارها از نظر فعالیت گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز کبد مشاهده نگردید. نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد که استفاده از پودر و اسانس مرزه موجب بهبود معنیدار وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی در جوجههای گوشتی تحت تنش حرارتی شده و میتواند جایگزین آنتیاکسیدانهای مصنوعی در شرایط تنش گرمایی در جیره گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - تأثیر مکملسازی گلوتامین، بر عملکرد رشد و وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی در جوجههای گوشتی درگیر با سندرم افزایش فشار خونی ریوی (آسیت)
M. Fathi T. Tanha M. Daneshyarمطالعه حاضر با تأکید بر توان دفاعی گلوتامین بر وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی پلاسما و کبد، تغییرات سطوح پراکسیداسیون چربی(MDA)، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی کل پلاسما (TAS) و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان (SOD) و آنزیم وابسته به گلوتاتیون (GPX) در پلاسما و کبد جوجههای گوشتی در گیر با سند Moreمطالعه حاضر با تأکید بر توان دفاعی گلوتامین بر وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی پلاسما و کبد، تغییرات سطوح پراکسیداسیون چربی(MDA)، وضعیت آنتیاکسیدانی کل پلاسما (TAS) و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان (SOD) و آنزیم وابسته به گلوتاتیون (GPX) در پلاسما و کبد جوجههای گوشتی در گیر با سندرم آسیت، انجام شد. نمونه برداری از خون و بافت کبد در روزهای 21 و 42 انجام شد. در پایان آزمایش، از هر قفس، 2 جوجه، به طور تصادفی انتخاب شده و بعد از کشتار، قبل آنها برداشته شد و بطن راست و بطن چپ از ناحیه سپتوم، جدا گشته و نسبت بطن راست به کل بطنها (RV/TV)، نیز محاسبه گشت. میانگین خوراک مصرفی، افزایش وزن حاصله و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نیز به طور هفتگی، از روز 15، اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که، مکملسازی گلوتامین سبب بهبود ضریب تبدیل غذایی شد (05/0P<). علاوه بر این، مکملسازی گلوتامین در پرندگان آسیتی، سبب کاهش معنیدار MDA در پلاسما و بافت کبد گشت. همچنین، گلوتامین، سبب افزایش هم زمان فعالیت آنزیم GPX در پلاسما و بافت کبد شد. فعالیت آنزیم SOD در پلاسما و کبد، به طور معنیداری تحت تأثیر گلوتامین قرار نگرفت (05/0P>). علاوه بر این، مکملسازی گلوتامین، سبب کاهش معنیدار تلفات آسیتی و RV / TV شد. Manuscript profile -
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461 - Fortification of Catalase Improves Post Thaw Fertility of Goat Semen
R. Ranjan P. Singh C. Gangwar S.P. Singh D.K. Swain S.D. Kharche -
Open Access Article
462 - Supplemental Glutathione Improves Post-Thaw Quality of Holstein Bulls Sperm in a Nanomicelle based Extender
T. Nadri A. Towhidi S. Zeinoaldini G. Riazi M. Zhandi M. Sharafi -
Open Access Article
463 - Potential Relevance of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel in the Nutrition, Health, and Quality Products of Poultry
E.A. Akuru C.I. Chukwuma C.E. Oyeagu T.C. Mpendulo F.B. Lewu -
Open Access Article
464 - Selenium Supplementation Efficacy in Small Ruminants: A Review
A.B. Amin R. Audu A.A. Ibrahim M. Dalha M.T. Aleem A.I. Abdullahi -
Open Access Article
465 - Effects of Horsetail (Equisetum arvense), Vitamin C and Organic Zinc Supplements on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, Serum Biochemical Values and Antioxidant Status of Broiler Chickens
S. Azimi-Youvalari M. Daneshyar S.M. Abtahi-Froushani S. Payvastegan -
Open Access Article
466 - اثرات آنتیاکسیدانی عصاره الکلی مرزنجوش بر روی پارامترهای کنتیکی، میکروسکوپیکی و اکسیداتیوی اسپرمهای گاو نر هلشتاین
ح. دقیق کیا ر. فرهادی ا. اشرفی م. مهدیپورگیاه مرزنجوش دارای سطوح بالایی از ترکیبات فنولی نظیر اسید گالیک و فنل­هایی نظیر اسید رزمارینیک و کوئرسیتین است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثرات عصاره مرزنجوش به عنوان آنتی­اکسیدان طبیعی، بر روی کیفیت منی منجمد-یخ­گشایی شده گاو نر هلشتاین بود. اسپرم­گیری د Moreگیاه مرزنجوش دارای سطوح بالایی از ترکیبات فنولی نظیر اسید گالیک و فنل­هایی نظیر اسید رزمارینیک و کوئرسیتین است. هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثرات عصاره مرزنجوش به عنوان آنتی­اکسیدان طبیعی، بر روی کیفیت منی منجمد-یخ­گشایی شده گاو نر هلشتاین بود. اسپرم­گیری دو بار در هفته، به مدت دو ماه و از سه گاو نر هلشتاین (6-5 ساله با میانگین وزنی 800 کیلوگرم) انجام گرفت. عصاره اتانولی مرزنجوش در مقادیر 20، 16، 12، 8، 4، 2 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر رقیق­کننده به­رقیق کننده بر پایه سیترات-زرده تخم مرغ افزوده شد. بعد از یخ­گشایی نمونه­های منی، پارامترهای تحرکی اسپرم، زنده­مانی و یکپارچگی غشاء به ترتیب توسط سیستم کاسا، رنگ آمیزی ائوزین-نیگروزین و تست التهاب هیپواسمتیک مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. همچنین مقادیر مالون دی آلدهاید و فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز اندازه­گیری شدند. نتایج بیانگر بالا بودن درصد تحرک (98/7±34/72) در نمونه دریافت کننده 4 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر عصاره مرزنجوش بود (05/0>P). افزودن 2 و 4 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر عصاره مرزنجوش باعث بهبود معنی­دار میزان تحرک، یکپارچگی غشاء پلاسمایی اسپرم­ها بعد از فرآیند انجماد-یخ­گشایی نسبت به گروه شاهد شد. افزودن 4 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر عصاره مرزنجوش باعث کاهش غلظت مالون دی آلدهاید نسبت به گروه شاهد شد (05/0>P). میزان فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز در نمونه­های دریافت کننده 8 و 4 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر عصاره مرزنجوش به طور معنی­داری افزایش یافت (به ترتیب 18/0±86/1 و 28/0±92/1 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین؛ 13/0±54/4 و 28/0±28/4 واحد بر میلی­گرم پروتئین) (05/0>P). میزان فعالیت سوپراکسید دیسموتاز و کاتالاز به طور معنی­داری در نمونه­های دریافت کننده 4 و 8 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر عصاره مرزنجوش افزایش یافت (05/0>P). به طور کلی، افزودن 2 و 4 میلی­لیتر در دسی­لیتر عصاره مرزنجوش به رقیق­کننده منی باعث بهبود کیفیت منی بعد از انجماد-یخ­گشایی ­شد که ممکن است به دلیل افزایش فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدانی و کاهش پراکسیداسیون لیپیدی باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - اثر سطوح مختلف تفاله دانه انار همراه با مولتی آنزیم بر عملکرد، تولید تخم مرغ و وضعیت آنتی اکسیدان سرم در مرغان تخمگذار
A.A. Saki M. Rabet P. Zamani A. Yousefiمطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف تفاله دانه انار بر عملکرد و برخی فاکتورهای خونی در مرغان تخمگذار انجام گرفت. تعداد 96 مرغ تخمگذار سویههای لاین W-36 در سن 24 هفتگی به صورت تصادفی در 4 تیمار حاوی سطوح 0 (گروه کنترل)، 5، 10 و 15 درصد تفاله دانه انار و 4 تکرا Moreمطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف تفاله دانه انار بر عملکرد و برخی فاکتورهای خونی در مرغان تخمگذار انجام گرفت. تعداد 96 مرغ تخمگذار سویههای لاین W-36 در سن 24 هفتگی به صورت تصادفی در 4 تیمار حاوی سطوح 0 (گروه کنترل)، 5، 10 و 15 درصد تفاله دانه انار و 4 تکرار (6 پرنده در هر تکرار) قرار داده شدند. نتایج نشان داد سطوح مختلف تفاله دانه انار بر مصرف خوراک، توده تخم مرغ تولیدی، وزن تخم مرغ تولیدی، ضریب تبدیل خوراک و افزایش وزن بدن اثر معنیداری نداشت. مکمل نمودن تفاله دانه انار در سطح 5 درصد تولید تخم مرغ را افزایش داد که با سطح 15 درصد تفاوت معنیدار دارد (05/0P<) اما تفاوتی بین این تیمار و گروه کنترل نشان داده نشد که نمایانگر اثر منفی سطوح بالای تفاله دانه انار در جیره مرغان تخمگذار است. واحد هاو، شاخص زرده و سفیده و همچنین وزن پوسته تخم مرغ، نسبت پوسته و مقاومت در برابر شکنندگی پوسته به طور معنیدار تحت تأثیر تفاله دانه انار در جیره قرار نگرفت. مکمل نمودن تفاله دانه انار اثر معنیداری بر تریگلیسیرید سرم، لیپوپروتئین با چگالی بالا و کل آنتی اکسیدان سرم نداشت. اما افزایش معنیداری (05/0P<) درغلظت مالون دی آلدهاید و کلسترول در سطح 5 درصد تفاله دانه انار در مقایسه با گروه کنترل نشان داده شد. نتایج نشان داد مکمل نمودن تفاله دانه انار تا سطح 15 درصد در بهبود تولید مؤثر است، اما سطوح بالاتر اثرات مخربی بر عملکرد مرغان تخمگذار دارد. مکمل نمودن تفاله دانه انار، سطح کلسترول را در خون مرغان تخمگذار افزایش داد. Manuscript profile -
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477 - Antioxidant enzyme responses and crop yield of wheat under drought stress and re-watering at vegetative growth period.
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485 - The effects of glycine betaine and L-arginine on biochemical properties of pot marigold (calendula officinalis L.) under water stress
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487 - Plasma seed priming in green cumin, physiological and developmental aspect
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505 - Salt Stress and tolerance mechanisms by plants: A Review
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516 - Anti-oxidative response of different wheat genotypes to drought during anthesis .
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517 - Physiological and phytochemical changes induced by seed pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide in Artemisia sieberi under salt stress.
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518 - Screening chemical composition of essential oils and antioxidant activities of two Artemisia species from Iran .
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519 - Effect of postharvest oxalic acid treatment on ethylene production, quality parameters, and antioxidant potential of peach fruit during cold storage.
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520 - Effect of chitosan on antioxidant enzyme activity, proline, and malondialdehyde content in Triticum aestivum L. and Zea maize L. under salt stress condition
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521 - Effect of Drought Stress on Some Growth Parameters and Several Biochemical Aspects in Two Pumpkin Species
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522 - The Effect of Vitamin C on Liver Exposed to the Pesticides Deltamethrin in Rat
Malihe Danshvar Frangis Ghassemi Deltamethrin insecticide widely used pesticides with harmful effects on the ecosystem and liver organ involved in the metabolism of toxic substances. According to antioxidant role of vitamin C, the effects of exposure to deltamethrin on rat's liver were st More Deltamethrin insecticide widely used pesticides with harmful effects on the ecosystem and liver organ involved in the metabolism of toxic substances. According to antioxidant role of vitamin C, the effects of exposure to deltamethrin on rat's liver were studied. For this purpose, 63 rats (Wistar) weighing 200 ± 15 g were selected and divided into 9 groups. After determination of lethal dose for deltamethrin (20mg / kg/b.wt), (5/2, 5 and 10) mg/ kg/b.wt of this was chosen for this experiment. Groups were selected in the control (no treatment), group 1 (distilled water), group 2 were injected ( 20 mg / kg/b.wt) Vitamin C, 3 treatment groups, respectively (5/2, 5 and 10) mg / kg / b.wt of deltamethrin and 3 groups treated with the same doses of deltamethrin + vitamin C (20mg / kg/b.wt) within 14 days, injected intraperitoneal. At the end of the treatment period, Rat's livers were separated, prepared and placed in tissue processor. Prepared serial sections (5 μ), were stained and studied with L.M (40 x) and determined the degree of damage. Using ratings method, damage of tissue were determinate in 0 to 4 degrees that indicate the minimum to maximum damage. Obtain data analyzed by using SPSS (17) and ANOVA and groups were compared in significance level (P< 0.05) with LSD and Tukey's test. According to the results, changes in nucleuses lining to the cell necrosis were seen in the groups which exposed to deltamethrin. These damages were recompensed partially in groups which treated with vitamin C especially in group with low dose of toxin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - تاثیر پاتوتیپ برگریز Verticillium dahliae بر برخی از ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی داوودی (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam)
seyed Javad Sanei Seyed Esmael RazaviVerticillium dahliae Kleb. از قارچ­های بیمارگر خاک­زی است که عامل پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی گیاه داوودی می­باشد. در این تحقیق، سطوح برخی از ترکیبات آلی، ازجمله پروتئین کل، قندهای محلول کل، نشاسته، پرولین، محتوای نسبی آب، سطح RNA و مقدار مالون دی­آلدهید و H2O2 MoreVerticillium dahliae Kleb. از قارچ­های بیمارگر خاک­زی است که عامل پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی گیاه داوودی می­باشد. در این تحقیق، سطوح برخی از ترکیبات آلی، ازجمله پروتئین کل، قندهای محلول کل، نشاسته، پرولین، محتوای نسبی آب، سطح RNA و مقدار مالون دی­آلدهید و H2O2 در برگ­های داوودی آلوده به V. dahliae بررسی شد. تغییر پارامترها در روزهای 0، 10، 20، 30 و 40 روز پس از تلقیح با روش­های مبتنی بر رنگ­سنجی اندازه­گیری شد. بر اساس نتایج، قبل از ظهور علائم تغییری در محتوای نسبی آب، RNA و پروتئین مشاهده نشد و تغییر در میزان کلروفیل اندک بود. تغییر در محتوای نسبی آب همراه با تغییرات قابل­توجه در پرولین و قندهای محلول کل برگ همراه بود. مقدار نشاسته و پروتئین به­تدریج در برگ­های سالم و آلوده کاهش داشت. اگرچه، این کاهش در گیاهان آلوده از هفته سوم پس از آلودگی قابل­توجه بود. همبستگی منفی بالایی بین قندهای محلول کل و نشاسته در برگ­های بیمار مشاهده شد (001/0P<، 764/0=r). تغییرات مالون دی­آلدهید و H2O2 در گیاهان آلوده 30 الی 40 روز پس از آلودگی رخ داد، در حالی که غلظت آن­ها در برگ­های شاهد تغییری نداشت. این نتایج نشانگر نقش پیری همراه با پیشرفت بیماری پژمردگی ورتیسیلیومی در داوودی است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
524 - مقایسه اثرات تنظیم کننده های رشد گیاهی و اتیلن خارجی بر روی دو نوع گل بریده میخک (Dianthus caryophyllus L)
آنیتا رامتین روح انگیز نادری سپیده Kalatejari محمد متینی زادههدف اصلی این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر استفاده از تنظیم کننده­های رشد گیاهان بر طول عمر گلجایی دو نوع گل بریده میخک در حالت نرمال و تحت تنش اتیلن می­باشد. میخک یکی از پرطرفدارترین گل­هایی است که به علت حساسیت به اتیلن دارای عمر گلدانی کمی است اثر تنظیم کننده­ه Moreهدف اصلی این مطالعه، بررسی تأثیر استفاده از تنظیم کننده­های رشد گیاهان بر طول عمر گلجایی دو نوع گل بریده میخک در حالت نرمال و تحت تنش اتیلن می­باشد. میخک یکی از پرطرفدارترین گل­هایی است که به علت حساسیت به اتیلن دارای عمر گلدانی کمی است اثر تنظیم کننده­های رشد گیاه بر چندین ویژگی فیزیولوژیک تحت تنش اتیلن و شرایط طبیعی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. اثرات تیمار کوتاه مدت با بنزیل آدنین، سالیسیلیک اسید و متیل جاسمونات بر روی دو نوع میخک (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) استاندارد و میخک کوچک چند گل، در معرض شرایط اتیلن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تیمار کوتاه مدت با بنزیل آدنین 100 میکرومولار بیشترین تاثیر را بر کلروفیل کل داشت وتیمار با 100 میکرومولار اسید سالیسیلیک باعث افزایش کربوهیدرات­های محلول و همچنین افزایش طول عمر گلجایی گل بریده گردید. متیل جاسمونات 400 میکرومولار باعث افزایش فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و پراکسیداز شده و میزان پرولین را در میخک­های بریده افزایش می­دهد. تمام صفات در نظر گرفته شده توسط استعمال اتیلن خارجی کاهش یافت و هیچ یک از تیمارهای کوتاه مدت تنظیم­کننده­های گیاهی نتوانست اثرات نامناسب اتیلن خارجی را از بین ببرد. میخک­های استاندارد نیز نسبت به استعمال اتیلن مقاوم­تر ازمیخک­های کوچک چند گل بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - بررسی پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی گل مریم (Polianthes tuberosa L.) در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری
خانی شاکرمی بهمن زاهدی عبدالحسین رضایی نژاد صادق موسوی فردتنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیبهای شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. به­منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش Moreتنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیبهای شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. به­منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش کم آبیاری (بدون تنش W1= 90% FC، تنش متوسط W2=75% FCو تنش شدید W3=60% FC) به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. محتوای آب نسبی، نشت الکترولیت، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، پرولین، میزان مالوندیآلدهید، فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی (سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز)، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق و مقاومت روزنهای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گل مریم تحت تأثیر تنش کم آبیاری قرار گرفتند. میزان مالوندیآلدهید و نشت یونی همبستگی معنیداری با اکثر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی نشان داد. محتوای آب نسبی، کلروفیل کل، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق، مقاومت روزنهای، فعالیت سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر افزایش معنی­داری نشان داد. همچنین میزان کاتالاز، مالوندیآلدهید و محتوای پرولین در رقم پرپر نسبت به رقم کم پر به­طور معنیداری بیشتر بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری، رشد بهتری داشت. Manuscript profile -
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526 - کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی با کاربرد خارجی اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک بر ختمی (Alcea rosea)
تکتم اورعی محمود شور علی تهرانی فر حسین نعمتیتنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین عوامل محیطی است که رشد گیاهان زینتی را در فضای سبز محدود می­سازد. اثر اسپرمیدین و سالسیلیک اسید بر ختمی تحت تنش خشکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در ابتدا، گیاهان با چهار غلظت اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک (شاهد، 100، 200 و 400 میکرومولار) در سه روز متو Moreتنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین عوامل محیطی است که رشد گیاهان زینتی را در فضای سبز محدود می­سازد. اثر اسپرمیدین و سالسیلیک اسید بر ختمی تحت تنش خشکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در ابتدا، گیاهان با چهار غلظت اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک (شاهد، 100، 200 و 400 میکرومولار) در سه روز متوالی اسپری شدند، و سپس به مدت دو هفته تحت تنش خشکی (80، 60 و 40% ظرفیت زراعی) قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی تا 40 % ظرفیت زراعی سبب افزایش نشت الکترولیت، پرولین و فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد شد. همچنین کاربرد 100 میکرومولار اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک در بین غلظت­های مختلف به­طور معنی­داری سبب کاهش نشت الکترولیت و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و افزایش محتوای نسبی آب، پرولین، پروتئین، فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، تعداد گل و سطح برگ شد، اما غلظت­های بالاتر (400 میکرومولار) بی اثر و یا اثرات بازدارنده داشتند. تیمار با 100 میکرومولار اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک سبب افزایش مقاومت به تنش خشکی (تا 40 % ظرفیت زراعی) با کاهش نشت الکترولیت (5 %) و افزایش محتوای نسبی آب (11 و 9%)، مقدار پرولین (31 و 21 %)، شاخص کلروفیل (18 و 5 %) و وزن خشک (3 %) در مقایسه با گیاهان تیمار نشده تحت تنش خشکی 40 % ظرفیت زراعی شد. ختمی به­طور شدید تحت تنش خشکی آسیب می­بیند، اما کاربرد اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک سبب افزایش محتوای نسبی آب، پرولین و پروتئین در گیاهان تحت تنش خشکی شد. کاربرد اسپرمیدین و اسید سالیسیلیک می­تواند به­عنوان یک تمرین اقتصادی برای افزایش عملکرد ختمی در شرایط کمبود آب در نظر گرفته شود. Manuscript profile -
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527 - ارزیابی اثر محلولپاشی پرولین بر برخی خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) تحت تنش خشکی
سوفیا سروری الهام دانائی خدایار همتی علیرضا لادن مقدمتنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین تنشهای غیرزنده است که به­طور جدی تولید گیاهان زینتی از جمله همیشه بهار را کاهش میدهد، پرولین یکی از اسید آمینههای فعال در پدیده تنظیم اسمزی است، نقش موثری در کاهش آسیبهای سلولی و بهبود تحمل به تنش خشکی دارد. آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب Moreتنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین تنشهای غیرزنده است که به­طور جدی تولید گیاهان زینتی از جمله همیشه بهار را کاهش میدهد، پرولین یکی از اسید آمینههای فعال در پدیده تنظیم اسمزی است، نقش موثری در کاهش آسیبهای سلولی و بهبود تحمل به تنش خشکی دارد. آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار به­منظور بررسی تاثیر محلولپاشی پرولین (صفر، 50 و 100 میلیگرم در لیتر) بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه همیشه بهار(Calendula officinalis L.) تحت تنش خشکی (بدون تنش(شاهد)، 25، 50 و 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش نشان داد، بیشترین وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ماندگاری گل روی بوته، کاروتنوئید و کلروفیل کل در تیمار پرولین 100 میلیگرم در لیتر و ظرفیت زراعی شاهد بود، بیشترین وزن تر و خشک ریشه، طول ریشه و فعالیت آنتیاکسیدان کل (DPPH) در تیمار پرولین 100 میلیگرم در لیتر و ظرفیت زراعی 75 درصد، بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه و تعداد گل در تیمار پرولین 50 میلیگرم در لیتر و ظرفیت زراعی شاهد، بیشترین پرولین در تیمار پرولین 100 میلیگرم در لیتر و ظرفیت زراعی 25 درصد بود. به­طور کلی نتایج این آزمایش نشان داد، محلولپاشی پرولین میتواند اثرات نامطلوب کم آبی را تا حدودی جبران کند و از طرفی با وجود اینکه گیاه همیشهبهار توانایی ادامه حیات را در شرایط تنش خشکی دارا است، اما در جهت بهبود افزایش عملکرد همیشه بهار آبیاری در سطح 75 درصد ظرفیت زراعی توصیه میشود. Manuscript profile -
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528 - تاثیر تابش نور آبی و غلظت های مختلف نانوسیلور بر عمر گلجایی و صفات دخیل بر حفظ کیفیت پس از برداشت گلهای شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’ناپولی‘
مهرآسا انوری داود هاشم آبادی بهزاد کاویانی لیلا اسدپورکاربرد نور آبی در مرحله پس از برداشت گل­های شاخه بریده روشی جدید جهت بهبود عمر گلجایی است. از این­رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر مدت زمان­های مختلف تابش نور آبی (6، 12، 18 و 24 ساعت) و تیمار پالس نانوسیلور (5، 10، 15 و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر) بر عمر گ Moreکاربرد نور آبی در مرحله پس از برداشت گل­های شاخه بریده روشی جدید جهت بهبود عمر گلجایی است. از این­رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر مدت زمان­های مختلف تابش نور آبی (6، 12، 18 و 24 ساعت) و تیمار پالس نانوسیلور (5، 10، 15 و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر) بر عمر گلجایی و صفات وابسته به آن در گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’ناپولی‘ اجرا شد. از ساکارز 3 درصد به­عنوان تیمار شاهد استفاده شد. این آزمایش در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمر گلجایی متعلق به تیمارهای 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور (66/22 روز) است که از نظر آماری با تیمارهای 12 ساعت نور آبی (00/22 روز) و 20 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور (66/21 روز) تفاوت معناداری نداشت. کمترین کاهش وزن تر به­ترتیب با کاربرد 18 و 12ساعت نور آبی و 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور بدست آمد. بیشترین درصد ماده خشک (34/57 درصد) با کاربرد 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور بدست آمد. گل­هایی که به مدت 12 ساعت با نور آبی تیمار شدند دارای بیشترین میزان کلروفیل a و b (به­ترتیب با 52/2 و 27/1 میلی­گرم در هر گرم وزن تر)، بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز (26/5 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) و کمترین فعالیت آنزیم پلی­فنل اکسیداز (007/0 میکرومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) بودند. کمترین باکتری محلول گلجایی با کاربرد 15 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور و بیشترین پروتئین گلبرگ با کاربرد 24 ساعت نور آبی حاصل شد. نانوسیلور در کنترل و مهار باکتری­های گرم منفی و نور آبی در کنترل و مهار باکتری­های گرم مثبت در محلول گلجایی موثر بودند. با توجه به نتایج می­توان نور آبی را به­عنوان یک عامل فیزیکی موثر در حفظ عمر گلجایی و صفات وابسته به آن در گل­های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا رقم ’ناپولی‘ معرفی کرد. Manuscript profile -
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529 - تاثیر محلولهای گلجایی حاوی کبالت، سریم و نانوذرات نقره بر ماندگاری و کیفیت پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده پرنده بهشتی (Strelitzia reginae)
جهانگیر آذرهوش داود هاشم آبادی لیلا اسدپور بهزاد کاویانیبه ­منظور افزایش کیفیت و ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل ­های شاخه بریده پرنده بهشتی آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 10 تیمار در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کلرید کبالت (250 و 500 می لی­گرم در لیتر)، نیترات سریم (100، 300 و 600 میکرومولار)، ن Moreبه ­منظور افزایش کیفیت و ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل ­های شاخه بریده پرنده بهشتی آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با 10 تیمار در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کلرید کبالت (250 و 500 می لی­گرم در لیتر)، نیترات سریم (100، 300 و 600 میکرومولار)، نانوسیلور (20 و 40 میلی­ گرم در لیتر) و نانوسیل (2000 و 4000 میکرومولار) بودند که بصورت پالس 24 ساعته استفاده شدند. از آب مقطر به ­عنوان تیمار شاهد استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عمرگلجایی با کاربرد 300 میکرومولار نیترات سریم (11.68 روز) بدست می ­آید که از نظر آماری با تیمارهای 100 و 600 میکرومولار نیترات سریم، 500 میلی ­گرم در لیتر کلریدکبالت و 20 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور تفاوت معنی­ داری نداشت. دو تیمار 300 و 600 میلی ­مولار نیترات سریم در افزایش جذب آب و ماده خشک، حفظ وزن تر، کاهش باکتری انتهای ساقه و محلول گلجایی بهترین تیمار بودند. کمترین تجمع مالون­ دی ­آلدهید (0.09 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) و بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم ­های پراکسیداز (0.147 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) و کاتالاز (1.02 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر) با کاربرد 300 میکرومولار نیترات سریم در محلول گلجایی بدست آمد. بیشترین فلاوونوئید کاسبرگ (0.493 درصد) متعلق به تیمار 2000 میکرومولار نانوسیل بود. بیشترین کاهش وزن تر و کمترین مقادیر سایر صفات ارزیابی شده متعلق به تیمار شاهد بود. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، محلول گلجایی حاوی 300 میکرومولار نیترات سریم و 3 درصد ساکارز جهت حفظ کیفیت و افزایش ماندگاری پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده پرنده بهشتی توصیه می ­شود. Manuscript profile -
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530 - بررسی ویژگیهای مورفولوژیک و فیزیولوژیک گیاه زینتی-دارویی پریوش (Catharanthus roseus L.) در واکنش به تنش شوری و بیوچار
سیده فاطمه محمدی کباری حسینعلی اسدی قارنه وحید توللی وحید روشنبیوچار نوعی کود آلی حاصل بقایای گیاهی و ضایعات کشاورزی است که جهت تقویت حاصلخیزی خاک و همچنین اصلاح خاکهای شور پیشنهاد میشود. در این راستا جهت بررسی تاثیر بیوچار بر تعدیل آثار تنش شوری بر رشد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک پریوش آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با Moreبیوچار نوعی کود آلی حاصل بقایای گیاهی و ضایعات کشاورزی است که جهت تقویت حاصلخیزی خاک و همچنین اصلاح خاکهای شور پیشنهاد میشود. در این راستا جهت بررسی تاثیر بیوچار بر تعدیل آثار تنش شوری بر رشد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیک پریوش آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با دو تیمار شامل تنش شوری (0، 1000، 2000 و 3000 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم خاک کلرید سدیم) و بیوچار (0، 2 و 4 درصد) در سه تکرار، 36 پلات و 6 بوته در هر پلات انجام شد. این آزمایش در بهار 1401 بصورت گلدانی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که شوری تاثیر منفی و کاهشی بر تمامی صفات مورفولوژیک ارزیابی شده و محتوای نسبی آب برگ داشت درحالیکه بیوچار بخصوص 2 درصد موجب حفظ و بهبود صفات فوق شد. با افزایش سطح شوری مقدار پرولین و مواد جامد محلول نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت و بیشترین مقدار پرولین (346.48 میلی مول درکیلوگرم وزن تر) و مواد جامد محلول (1.42 درجه بریکس)برای NaCl3000mg/kg × Biochar0% ثبت شد. کاهش تجمع مالوندیآلدهید (MDA) با مصرف 2 درصد بیوچار در هر 4 سطح کلرید سدیم ثبت شد اما در بالاترین سطح کلرید سدیم (NaCl3000mg/kg) بیوچار 4 درصد قادر به کاهش آثار شوری نبود و بیشترین مقدار MDA را بخود اختصاص داد. بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز (1.56 واحد آنزیم در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) و آسکوربات پراکسیداز (9.40 واحد آنزیم در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) برای NaCl1000mg/kg×Biochar2% ثبت شد. با افزایش سطح کلرید سدیم (2000 و 3000 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم خاک) فعالیت آنزیمهای پراکسیداز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز نیز کاهش یافت که با افزایش تجمع MDA در این تیمارها همراه بود. با توجه به نتایج حاصل میتوان بیان کرد که در شوری 1000 یا 2000 میلیگرم در کیلوگرم با کاربرد 2 درصد بیوچار، میتوان گیاهانی از پریوش با صفات مورفو- فیزیولوژیکی قابل قبول تولید نمود. Manuscript profile -
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531 - بهبود عمر پس از برداشت گل های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا ’Konst Coco‘ با استفاده از ترکیب روش های مکانیکی و شیمیایی
مهدی حکیمی اصل احمدرضا بریموندی به ­منظور بررسی اثر متقابل روش ­های مکانیکی (شکاف ته ساقه) و شیمیایی (نانوسیلور) بر عمر گلجایی و خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی گل­ های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا ’Konst Coco‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با 10 تیمار، 3 تکرار، 30 پلات و 150 شا More به ­منظور بررسی اثر متقابل روش ­های مکانیکی (شکاف ته ساقه) و شیمیایی (نانوسیلور) بر عمر گلجایی و خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی گل­ های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا ’Konst Coco‘ آزمایشی فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی با 10 تیمار، 3 تکرار، 30 پلات و 150 شاخه گل انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل شکاف طولی انتهای ساقه در دو سطح (بدون شکاف و شکاف 5 سانتی­ متری) و نانوسیلور در 5 سطح (0، 5، 10، 20 و 30 میلی­ گرم در لیتر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که اثر متقابل تیمارهای آزمایشی روی همه صفات ارزیابی شده از نظر آماری معنی­ دار است. طبق نتایج مقایسه میانگین­ ها، بیشترین عمر گلجایی (13/88 روز) با کاربرد "شکاف 5 سانتی­ متری× 20 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور" حاصل شد که نسبت به شاهد 6/83 روز ماندگاری این گل شاخه بریده را افزایش داد. بیشترین جذب آب (2/03 میلی­ لیتر در هر گرم وزن تر)، ماده خشک (14/11 درصد)، کلروفیل کل (2/432 میلی­ گرم در هر گرم وزن تر) و کاروتنوئید گلبرگ (2/307 میکروگرم در هر گرم وزن تر) و کمترین کاهش وزن تر (1/34 گرم)، باکتری انتهای ساقه و محلول گلجایی (3 کلنی)، اتیلن (0/807 نانولیتر در لیتر در ساعت در هر گرم وزن تر)، نشت یونی (6/04 درصد)، MDA (12/53 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه)، فعالیت آنزیم­ های SOD (12/64 واحد آنزیم در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) و POD (0/09 نانومول در هر گرم وزن تر در دقیقه) برای تیمار "شکاف 5 سانتی­ متری× 20 میلی­ گرم در لیتر نانوسیلور" ثبت شد که موفق­ ترین تیمار در حفظ عمر گلجایی و خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی گل­ های شاخه بریده آلسترومریا‘Konst Coco’ بود. Manuscript profile -
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532 - پاسخهای بیوشیمیایی و فیزیولوژیکی گلهای شاخه بریده مریم (Polianthes tuberosa L.) تحت تأثیر نانوذرات نقره
کرامت اله محمدی سعید چاوشی حسینعلی اسدی قارنه مسعود گماریان بهزاد ادریسیگل مریم از با ارزشترین گیاهان زینتی و جزو پنج گل برتر شاخه بریده جهان است که دارای ارزش اقتصادی بالایی می­باشد. از مهم­ترین مشکلات توسعه صادرات گل­های شاخه بریده بویژه مریم به دلیل عمر کم پس از برداشت و به دلیل به هم خوردن روابط آبی گیاه در اثر رشد و افزایش Moreگل مریم از با ارزشترین گیاهان زینتی و جزو پنج گل برتر شاخه بریده جهان است که دارای ارزش اقتصادی بالایی می­باشد. از مهم­ترین مشکلات توسعه صادرات گل­های شاخه بریده بویژه مریم به دلیل عمر کم پس از برداشت و به دلیل به هم خوردن روابط آبی گیاه در اثر رشد و افزایش جمعیت میکروبی در محلول گلجایی می­باشد. در کشاورزی مدرن در سال­های اخیر از نانو ذرات به خاطر خواص ضد میکروبی در صنعت پس از برداشت در محصولات کشاورزی استفاده می­شود. کیفیت و ماندگاری گل­ها تا حدود زیادی به پایداری ساقه و سیستم آنتی­اکسیدانی بستگی دارد. در این پژوهش اثرات نانو نقره بر روی گل­های شاخه بریده مریم رقم ’دزفولی‘ در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی بهصورت تیمار پالسی (24 ساعت) انجام شد. گل­های شاخه بریده در چهار غلظت نانو ذرات نقره (0، 10، 20 و 30 میلی­گرم در لیتر) به همراه ساکارز 3 درصد تیمار شدند و سپس گلهای تیمار شده تا انتها در آب دیونیزه شده قرارداده شدند. نتایج نشان داد بکارگیری تیمار نانو ذرات نقره باعث افزایش مثبت فعالیت خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بهبود شرایط پس از برداشت در گل­های شاخه بریده مریم شد. نانو ذرات نقره همچنین باعث کاهش تجمع مالون­دی­آلدئید در ساقه­های گل گردید و موجب تاثیر مثبت بر میزان افزایش کلروفیل نسبت به شاهد شد. بکارگیری نانو نقره منجر به افزایش عمر پس از برداشت گل­های تیمار شده نسبت به شاهد گردیده و باعث افزایش جذب محلول، وزنتر و شکوفایی در گلهای شاخه بریده شد. نتایج این تحقیق دلالت بر آن دارد نانو نقره به­عنوان یک تنظیم کننده رشد در پس از برداشت می­باشد. در این آزمایش غلظت 10 میلی­گرم در لیتر بهترین نتیجه را به همراه داشت. Manuscript profile -
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533 - اشکال محصولات زیست فعال گل زینتی- دارویی پریوش با خواص درمانی امیدبخش: یک مطالعه جامع از گسترش داروها بر پایه طبیعی
سوماشکارا راجاشکارا یوتپال باروپریوش (خانواده خرزهره) معمولا تحت عنوان "گل نامیرا"، "گل مرگ"، "بنفشه جادوگر" و "سمبل دوستی" نامیده می ­شود. این گیاه یک علف هرز شناخته شده در درمان عوارض گوناگون است. از اهداف این مطالعه، دستیابی به کاربردهای فایتوشیمی، فعالیت­ های دارویی، اتنوفارماکولوژی، تشخی Moreپریوش (خانواده خرزهره) معمولا تحت عنوان "گل نامیرا"، "گل مرگ"، "بنفشه جادوگر" و "سمبل دوستی" نامیده می ­شود. این گیاه یک علف هرز شناخته شده در درمان عوارض گوناگون است. از اهداف این مطالعه، دستیابی به کاربردهای فایتوشیمی، فعالیت­ های دارویی، اتنوفارماکولوژی، تشخیص، ترکیبات شیمیایی و زیستی گیاه پریوش است که باعث افزایش مدارک علمی در مورد خواص اتنوبوتانیکی این گیاه شده و به تشخیص خلاءهای موجود کمک کرده و نیازهای تحقیقاتی آینده را مشخص می­ کند. بیشتر استفاده ­های سنتی و سیستمیک که از عصاره این گیاه می­ شود، با مطالعات علمی ضد میکروبی، ضد سرطان، ضد قند خون، ضد سرطان خون، آنتی اکسیدانی، شیمی درمانی، التیام زخم، تولید نانوذرات، محصولات نانو و غیره به تایید رسیده است. محصولات جداسازی و خالص مثل آلکالوئیدهای ایندول ترپنوئیدی (TIA) شامل: آجمالایسین، آنهیدرووینبلاستین، کاتارانتین، سرپنتین، ویندولین، وینبلاستین، وینکریستین و ویندولینین قبلا تهیه، تایید و فعالیت آن­ ها به اثبات رسده است. این مقاله مروری به بررسی فعالیت ­های فایتوشیمیایی،اتنوفارکوماکولوژیکی، فارماکولوژیکی و زیستی گیاه پریوش می­ پردازند که مدرک معتبری در رابطه با داروهای تجاری باشد که با تحقیقات بیشتر بتوان داروهای مناسب­تری برای انواع درمان­ ها تولید کرد. Manuscript profile -
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534 - تاثیر اسید جیبرلیک و نیتروژن بر ویژگیهای خوراکی بنفشه بومی (Viola odorata) و تجاری (Viola tricolor)
ندا نکویار روح انگیز نادری داود هاشم آبادی علی محمدی ترکاشوندپرورش گلهای خوراکی از جمله بنفشه که بومی ایران است راهکاری مناسب جهت افزایش دسترسی بشر به این منابع جدید و با ارزش غذایی است. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر اثر متقابل اسید جیبرلیک (GA) (0، 150 و 300 میلیگرم در لیتر) و نیتروژن (N) (0، 100 و 200 میلیگرم در لیتر) روی ویژگی Moreپرورش گلهای خوراکی از جمله بنفشه که بومی ایران است راهکاری مناسب جهت افزایش دسترسی بشر به این منابع جدید و با ارزش غذایی است. در این راستا در پژوهش حاضر اثر متقابل اسید جیبرلیک (GA) (0، 150 و 300 میلیگرم در لیتر) و نیتروژن (N) (0، 100 و 200 میلیگرم در لیتر) روی ویژگیهای دو گونه بنفشه (Viola tricolor and Viola odorata) بصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد اسید جیبرلیک و نیتروژن بطور معناداری موجب بهبود ویژگیهای خوراکی در هر دو رقم بنفشه میشود. بطوریکه بیشترین پروتئین، کاروتنوئید، آهن و روی گلبرگ در هر دو گونه بنفشه با کاربرد "GA300 × N200" بدست آمد. مقدار آنتوسیانین گلبرگ در بنفشه معطر با کاربرد "GA0 × N100" (58.32 mg 100g-1 F.W.) و در بنفشه تجاری با کاربرد "GA300 × N100" (66.84 mg 100g-1 F.W.) بیشترین مقدار بود. بنفشه تجاری از نظر سلنیوم غنیتر از بنفشه معطر بود و تیمارهای "GA300 × N200"، "GA300 × N100" و "GA150 × N200" بیشترین غلظت سلنیوم را در بنفشه تجاری بخود اختصاص دادند. در هر دو نوع بنفشه بیشترین فلاونوئید طول موجهای 300 و 330 نانومتر با کاربرد "GA300 × N200" و "GA150 × N200" بدست آمد. اما اثر تیمارها روی فلاونوئید 270 نانومتر معنیدار نبود. ظرفیت آنتیاکسیدانی بنفشه معطر بیشتر از بنفشه تجاری بود و بیشترین ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی در بنفشه معطر (84.83 % DPPHsc) و بنفشه تجاری (78.17 % DPPHsc) با کاربرد "GA150 × N200" حاصل شد. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، دو رقم بنفشه مورد مطالعه بهعنوان منابع موثری از پروتئین، عناصر معدنی و ترکیبات آنتیاکسیدانی معرفی میشوند. همچنین کاربرد "GA300 × N200" و "GA150 × N200"جهت بهبود ویژگیهای خوراکی این دو گونه گیاهی پیشنهاد میشود. Manuscript profile -
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535 - تاثیر بیوچار و ورمی کمپوست بر رشد و ویژگیهای فیزیولوژی بابونه کبیر(Tanacetum parthenium) در شرایط تنش خشکی
محبوبه نعیمی گل زرد مرضیه قنبری جهرمی سپیده کلاته جاریتنش خشکی یکی از شایع ترین مشکلاتی است که رشد و طول عمر گیاهان را محدود میکند. دانستن ویژگیهای واکنش گیاه نسبت به تنش خشکی میتواند در مدیریت و توسعه کشت آن مفید باشد. بابونه کبیر (Tanacetum parthenium L) یک گیاه دارویی بومی ایران است. بررسی امکان کشت این گیاه به دلیل Moreتنش خشکی یکی از شایع ترین مشکلاتی است که رشد و طول عمر گیاهان را محدود میکند. دانستن ویژگیهای واکنش گیاه نسبت به تنش خشکی میتواند در مدیریت و توسعه کشت آن مفید باشد. بابونه کبیر (Tanacetum parthenium L) یک گیاه دارویی بومی ایران است. بررسی امکان کشت این گیاه به دلیل سازگاری طبیعی و زیبایی آن در فضای سبز ارزشمند به نظر میرسد. به منظور بررسی اثر بیوچار و ورمی کمپوست بر رشد گیاه بابونه کبیر در خاک لومی و در شرایط تنش خشکی آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی (CRD) در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی باعث کاهش وزن تر اندام هوایی، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن تر ریشه، وزن خشک ریشه و محتوای آب نسبی برگ و همچنین افزایش آنزیم کاتالاز نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. ورمی کمپوست و بیوچار باعث افزایش وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه، میزان کلروفیل و RWC برگ شدند. کاربرد این اصلاح کنندههای خاک فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و سوپراکسید دیسموتاز را کاهش داد. به طور کلی، ترکیب ورمی کمپوست و بیوچار بهترین تیمار برای بهبود وضعیت خاک و افزایش ویژگیهای رشدی گیاهان بابونه کبیر تحت تنش خشکی بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
536 - Physiological Responses and Nutritional Implications of Physalis alkekengi L. Under Varied Salinity Stress and Si and Se Nanoparticle Treatments
Mohammad Javad Abdi Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi Seyed Najmmaddin Mortazavi Sepideh Kalateh Jari Mohammad Javad NazarideljouThis study systematically investigates the physiological responses of Physalis alkekengi to diverse conditions of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl), coupled with the application of selenium (Se) nanoparticles at concentrations of 25 and 50 mgl-1, as well as MoreThis study systematically investigates the physiological responses of Physalis alkekengi to diverse conditions of salinity stress (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl), coupled with the application of selenium (Se) nanoparticles at concentrations of 25 and 50 mgl-1, as well as silicon (Si) nanoparticles at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg.l-1. The experiment involved a thorough examination of many characteristics connected to biomass, such as antioxidant enzyme activity, fatty acid composition, and elemental content. This analysis was conducted at varying levels of salinity and with the addition of nanoparticles. The findings revealed that exposure to salt stress has a detrimental effect on both plant development and fruit output, leading to changes in vegetative and morphological characteristics. The utilization of Se and Si nanoparticles had a significant alleviating impact on stress caused by salinity. The correlation matrix analysis revealed complex correlations among the examined parameters, emphasizing the interrelated responses of P. alkekengi to environmental stressors and nanoparticle interventions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed the hidden patterns and connections between variables, highlighting the significant influence of biomass-related features, antioxidant enzymes, and fatty acid content on the observed variability. The results of this study enhance our knowledge of the physiological processes that regulate P. alkekengi's reaction to high salt levels. Additionally, it offers valuable information on the possible beneficial impacts of Se and Si nanoparticles in reducing the negative consequences of salinity stress. The study's comprehensive breadth increases its relevance to future research focused on optimizing growth circumstances and strengthening the resistance of P. alkekengi in demanding situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
537 - An Efficient In Vitro Propagation, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Aphyllorchis Montana (Reichenb.f.)
Ganesan MahendranAn in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Aphyllorchis Montana , a saprophytic achlorophyllous orchid by culturing immature seeds. Among the six basal media evaluated for seed germination, BM-TM medium was found to be the best followed by K MoreAn in vitro plant regeneration protocol was successfully established in Aphyllorchis Montana , a saprophytic achlorophyllous orchid by culturing immature seeds. Among the six basal media evaluated for seed germination, BM-TM medium was found to be the best followed by KC medium. After 40 days, all the media turned brown and the growths of the protocorms were arrested. Activated charcoal, 1 g/l in half strength BM-TM was found to be suitable for further development of protocorms. Half strength BM-TM medium was supplemented with different growth regulators either individually or in combinations for multiplication of shoots. Of the five cytokinins tested, TDZ at 6.8 μM was found to be most effective for multiple shoot induction yielding 17.24 ± 0.27 shoots after 10 weeks of culture. Addition of low concentration of NAA (1.3 μM) in MS medium supplemented with the cytokinin TDZ (6.8 μM) favoured shoot multiplication. A mean number of 27.56 ± 0.54 shoots with 3.92 ± 0.11 number of roots were produced per explant. The response of the seed derived protocorm to the different types of organic additives viz., peptone and yeast extract and coconut water was also evaluated. The addition of these organic additives to the medium containing TDZ enhanced the number of shoot regeneration. The plantlets were acclimatized in plastic pots containing sterilized vermiculite. The survival rate was 100 % when maintained in the culture room condition (25 ± 2 °C). Screening of the antibacterial, antioxidant activity and estimation of total phenolics and flavonoid content of methanolic extracts of micropropagated plants were also carried out and compared with that of the wild-grown plants. In all the tests, methanolic extract from wild-grown plants showed higher antioxidant, antimicrobial activity, total phenolics and flavonoid content than in vitro propagated plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
538 - Drought Stress Impact on Some Biochemical and Physiological Traits of 4 Groundcovers (Lolium Perenne, Potentilla SPP, Trifolium Repens and Frankinia SPP) With Potential Landscape Usage
Elham Samieiani Hossein AnsariStress management is considered as an important factor in nowadays landscape. Therefore this research was conducted using a factorial experiment based on a randomized completely design with regulated deficit irrigation at four levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% of lawn irriga MoreStress management is considered as an important factor in nowadays landscape. Therefore this research was conducted using a factorial experiment based on a randomized completely design with regulated deficit irrigation at four levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% of lawn irrigation requirement) and three replicates to evaluate some biochemical and physiological traits on four groundcover plants (Lolium perenne, Potentilla spp., Trifolium repens and Frankinia spp.) with the potential use in landscape. Results showed that Frankinia spp. and 75% lawn irrigation requirement bears the highest proline content with same amount (0.84 mg/g fresh weight) and on the other hand highest (32.61 mg/g fresh weight) and lowest (15.95 mg/g fresh weight) chlorophyll content was shown in control (irrigation treatments) and Frankinia spp., respectively. For total soluble carbohydrates content, highest amount (1.54 mg/g fresh weight) belongs to Lolium perenne whereas the lowest (0.79 mg/g fresh weight) belongs to Trifolium repens. Trifolium repens also had the most DPPH free radical-scavenging assay (75.05%) among species. In general, regulated deficit irrigation affects different biochemical characteristics of examined groundcover plants significantly, but as a managing method applying it to below the damaging point for landscape plants can be a good method for water consumption management in this manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
539 - Delaying of Postharvest Senescence of Lisianthus Cut Flowers by Salicylic Acid Treatment
Davoud Ataii Roohangiz Naderi Azizollah Khandan-MirkohiSalicylic acid (SA) is considered to be plant signal molecule that plays a key role in plant growth, development, and defense responses. The physiological mechanism of exogenous SA to affect the senescence of cut lisianthus flowers during vase life was investigated. Fre MoreSalicylic acid (SA) is considered to be plant signal molecule that plays a key role in plant growth, development, and defense responses. The physiological mechanism of exogenous SA to affect the senescence of cut lisianthus flowers during vase life was investigated. Fresh cut lisianthus flowers were treated with distilled water (control), 0.5, 1 and 2 mM SA and then held at 25◦C up to 12 days. Exogenous SA supply at 1 mM extended vase life, which was associated with reduced electrolyte leakage and MDA content.SA treatment also reduced activity of lipoxygenase (LOX), which is responsible for membrane lipid peroxidation. SA treatment also enhanced activities of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and decreased H2O2 accumulation during vase life. Thus, exogenous SA supply could maintain membrane integrity by increasing antioxidant system activity, thereby retarding the senescence of cut lisianthus flower during vase life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
540 - تاثیر پوترسین خارجی در به تاخیر انداختن پیری گل بریده لیزیانتوس
داوود عطایی روح انگیز نادری عزیزالله خاندان میرکوهیپل یآمی نهای پوترسین، اسپرمیدین و اسپرمین مواد ضد پیری هستندکه در فرآیندهای رشد گیاه و در پاسخ به تن شها نقش دارند. مکانیسمفیزیولوژیکی که کاربرد پوترسین پیری گل شاخه بریده لیزیانتوس را در طولعمر گلجایی تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. گل های1 و 2 میلی مو Moreپل یآمی نهای پوترسین، اسپرمیدین و اسپرمین مواد ضد پیری هستندکه در فرآیندهای رشد گیاه و در پاسخ به تن شها نقش دارند. مکانیسمفیزیولوژیکی که کاربرد پوترسین پیری گل شاخه بریده لیزیانتوس را در طولعمر گلجایی تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. گل های1 و 2 میلی مولار پوترسین ،0/ شاخه بریده لیزیانتوس با آب مقطر )شاهد(، 5تی ار شدند و در دمای 25 دجه سانت یگراد تا 12 روز نگهداری شدند. کاربردپوترسین با غلظت 2 میلی مولار عمر گلجایی را توسعه داد که با کاهش نشتمرتبط بود. تی ار پوترسین فعالیت )MDA( یونی و محتوای مالون دی آلدئیدرا که مسئول پراکسیداسیون چربی های غشاء است )LOX( آنزیم لیپوکسی ژنازو )CAT( را کاهش داد. تی ار پوترسین همچنین فعالیت آنزیم های کاتالازرا )H2O را افزایش و تجمع پراکسید هیدروژن ) 2 )APX( آسکوربات پراکسیدازدر طول عمر گلجایی کاهش داد. بنابراین کاربرد پوترسین م یتواند نفوذپذیریغشاء را به وسیله افزایش فعالیت سیستم آنتی اکسیدانی حفظ کند و در نتیجهپیری گل شاخه بریده لیزیانتوس را در طول عمر گلجایی به تاخیر بیندازد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - Effect of Nitric Oxide on Postharvest Quality and Vase Life of Cut Carnation Flower
Mahsa Ashouri Vajari Ayoub Molaahmad NalousiNitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive signaling molecule and plays a variety of physiological roles in plants. The research on the application of NO to postharvest preservation of flowers and fruits shows great promise in recent years. However, the physiological mechan MoreNitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive signaling molecule and plays a variety of physiological roles in plants. The research on the application of NO to postharvest preservation of flowers and fruits shows great promise in recent years. However, the physiological mechanism of exogenous NO to affect cut flowers is not very clear, and NO donor treatment protected plants from damage by increasing the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the effect of exogenous NO on the vase life and physiological basis of Dianthus caryophyllus L. ‘Tempo’. The presence of the nitric oxide increased the activities of POD, while the production of MDA content and LOX activity were obviously decreased. The results showed that exogenous NO could significantly extend the vase life of cut carnation flowers (16.9 days). The results suggest that exogenous NO could delay petal wilting in carination cut flowers, maintain water metabolism, the anti-oxidative enzymes activity and mass-eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and as well as cell membrane stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
542 - Evaluation of Main Anthocyanins in Skin of Forest Pear (Pyrus pyraster) (Sange Khouj) Fruit in Guilan Province of Iran
Ahmad Dadashpour Hassan MohammadAmooie Mohammad Jouki Naimeh KhazaeiThe anthocyanins of the fruit skin of Iranian forest pear (Sange Khouj) were separated, identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and HPLC/electrospray ionization /mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI /MS). The indivi MoreThe anthocyanins of the fruit skin of Iranian forest pear (Sange Khouj) were separated, identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) and HPLC/electrospray ionization /mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI /MS). The individual anthocyanins were identified by comparing their mass spectral data and retention times with those of standards and published data. Cyanidin-3-galactoside was the major compound, taking up 93% of the total anthocyanin content. The content of Cyanidin-3-galactoside reached 23.7±3.2 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight, followed by the eighth peak (2.14%) and Cyanidin-3-glucoside (1.23%). Pelargonidin- 3-rutinoside was identified for the first time in ordinary pear (P. communis L). DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assays showed that the extract from the fruit peel of ‘Sange Khouj’ contained anthocyanins and possessed high antioxidant capacity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
543 - Study of Biochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Enzymes Activities on Oryza sativa under Salt Stress
Ali Asghar Bagheri Fariba KhosravinejadAbiotic stress including Salt stress is the major limiting factors of growth and crop production in arid and semiaridregions. Many of the Salinity affects are seen at the cellular levels. In order to understand the response of Oryza sativa to salt stress, some of antiox MoreAbiotic stress including Salt stress is the major limiting factors of growth and crop production in arid and semiaridregions. Many of the Salinity affects are seen at the cellular levels. In order to understand the response of Oryza sativa to salt stress, some of antioxidant enzyme activities, Lipid peroxidation and Proline content were analyzed. Oryza sativa plant was treated by NaCl 0(control), 100, 200 and 300 mM for 14 days. For this purpose, a factorial design based on completely randomized design with three replications was used. The results showed that Growth parameters for example fresh and dry weight and height of shoot decreased under increasing NaCl. With increasing the concentration of NaCl, The activity of Catalase(CAT) and Ascorbat peroxidase(APX) were increased, but Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased with increasing NaCl to 200 mM and then decreased at 300mM. Proline (Pro) and Malondialdehyde(MDA) contents respectively increased 2 and 3.6-fold at 300mM NaCl relative to the 0mM NaCl. Our results showed that by increasing the activity of CAT, SOD and APX associated with increased Proline had a positive effect on salt tolerance of Oryza sativa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
544 - Effect of seed priming on germination characteristics and some antioxidant enzymes activity of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions
Ahmad AfkariSeed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) u MoreSeed pre-treatment technique has been introduced as a germination and establishment enhancer under environmental stress. In order to study the effects of priming on germination characteristics growth and some antioxidant enzymes activity of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under drought stress conditions, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications, at the physiology lab of the Islamic Azad University of Ardebil in 2013 was carried out. Experimental treatments include drought stress at four levels (0, -4, -8 and -12 bar) and three pre-treatments including potassium nitrate with concentrations of 1% and 2%, water as hydro priming and control treatment. The results showed that the effect of drought stress and priming on germination components and antioxidant enzymes was significant. The results showed that drought stress reduced the percentage of germination, pace of germination, rootlet length, seedling length and increased activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. The results of the comparison of mean interactions of drought stress and priming showed that the maximum activity of Antioxidant enzymes were obtained by pre-treatment of potassium nitrate with a concentration of 1% in a -12 bar drought level. In general, it can be concluded that basil seed pre-treatment with 1% potassium nitrate improves the basil germination parameters under drought stress conditions and increased the tolerance of basil plant to drought stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the germination stage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
545 - Effect of endophytic fungus, Piriformospora indica, on growth parameters and activity of antioxidant enzymes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under salinity stress
Ali Asghar Bagheri Fariba KhosravinejadAbiotic stress including salinity is the major limiting factors of growth and crop production in arid and semiaridregions. The endophytic fungus,Piriformospora indica has a pronounced growth-promoting activity and also increasesplant resistance to environmental stresses MoreAbiotic stress including salinity is the major limiting factors of growth and crop production in arid and semiaridregions. The endophytic fungus,Piriformospora indica has a pronounced growth-promoting activity and also increasesplant resistance to environmental stresses including salinity, drought and plantpathogens. In order to study, experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design with three replicationsand with two levels of p.indica–inoculated and non-p.indica-inoculated rice(control) and four levels of NaCl (0, 100, 200 and 300 mM). This research deals with the potential of P. indica to improve growth parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and increase its resistance to salt stress with base on increasing of antioxidant enzyme activities. Our study demonstrated P.indica significantly increased growth parameters for example shoot and root biomass, Relative Water Content(RWC), proline content and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and in contrast, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (produced from peroxidation of membrane lipids) in p.indica–inoculated than non-p.indica-inoculated rice under all of salt stress conditions.So our results showed that P. indica-induced protection of O.sativa against salt stress could be mediated by antioxidant enzymes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
546 - Improvement of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity of Zea mays L. After Treatment with Magnetized Water
Maryam Soleymani Faezeh Ghanati Somayeh Mohamadalikhani Hasan Zare maivanAlthough the exact mechanism(s) of the effects of magnetic fields on plants is not completely understood, available evidences suggest that the effects of these fields are mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activity of antioxidant system. In the present study, MoreAlthough the exact mechanism(s) of the effects of magnetic fields on plants is not completely understood, available evidences suggest that the effects of these fields are mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activity of antioxidant system. In the present study, the effects of a magnetic field (110 mT) on physical and chemical properties of water, and the effect of magnetized water on the antioxidant system activity of maize plants were investigated. Raman and FTIR absorption spectra of water before and after magnetization were compared. While the Raman spectrum of magnetized and normal water were identical, the intensity of FTIR absorption spectrum of magnetized water was significantly increased, suggesting changes in the distribution of hydrogen bound among water molecules and increase of its solubility. In comparison with the control plants, irrigation with magnetized water resulted in the increase of antioxidant enzymes activity i.e., SOD and CAT as well as increase of the contents of non-enzymatic compounds e.g., anthocyanins of the plants. In addition, lower amounts of H2O2, and lower activity of POD was observed in magnetized water-irrigated plants, compared to the control group. All together, these changes resulted in the maintenance of membrane integrity and improvement of growth and development of those plants which were irrigated with magnetized water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
547 - Invitro Studies of Antioxidant, Antiradical, Antidiabetic Activities and prevention of Advanced Glycation Endproducts by Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Seyed Mehrdad Kassaee Seyedeh Negin KassaeeNowadays medicinal plants are in the focus of attention because of their roles in prevention and treatment of many diseases. The aim of this study was in vitro assessment of antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Cinnamon zeylanicum. Aqous extract of cinnamon were p MoreNowadays medicinal plants are in the focus of attention because of their roles in prevention and treatment of many diseases. The aim of this study was in vitro assessment of antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of Cinnamon zeylanicum. Aqous extract of cinnamon were prepared by maceration method. The 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ml concentration of this extract were prepared. The phytochemical properties of Cinnamon detected by measuring the phenol and flavonoid, total antioxidant capacity, radical scavenging power, metal chelating ability and thiol groups assay. Antidiabetic activities also were assayed with fructosamine formation inhibition and advanced glycation end products(AGEs) inhibition abilities by spectrophotometric and spectroflurometric methods respectively. Ability of the extracts in preventation of glycated albumin fragmentation was assayed by SDS-PAGE. The content of phenol and flavonoid were determined by standard methods. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA procedure according to SPSS software program. Cinnamun exhibited 31.34±1.83 mg GAE/g extract of phenol contents and also 19.89±1.37 mg QE/g extracts of flavonoid content respectively. All methods confirmed the antioxidant and antiradical effects of cinnamon in a concentration related manner. This plant has antidiabetic properties and reduced fructosamine and AGEs formation and also could inhibit glycated albumin fragmentation. Cinnamon has antioxidant and antidiabetic properties and could prevent complications of diabetes mellitus. According to these properties, we can suggest using this plant in diabetic patients. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
548 - Study of defense mechanism of microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis infected by Paraphysoderma sedebokerensis
Bahareh Nahidian Faezeh Ghanati Maryam Shahbazi neda Soltani Morteza GholamiIn the present study, the first early physiological responses of the green micro algae Haematococcus pluvialis during infection by chytrid Paraphysoderma sedebokerensis was studied. To this end, the palmeloid form of Haematococcus pluvialis was cultivated for two days i MoreIn the present study, the first early physiological responses of the green micro algae Haematococcus pluvialis during infection by chytrid Paraphysoderma sedebokerensis was studied. To this end, the palmeloid form of Haematococcus pluvialis was cultivated for two days in three media including the medium infected with chytrid (chyt) and the culture of chytrid infected (IBS) and uncontaminated (HBS) cells. Then, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, extracellular peroxide, and free intracellular enzymes were determined by UV/Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC techniques. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase in the chytrid infected cells after 24, 24, and 48 h was 2.3, 6.7, and 2.6 times higher those of control. These values for the cells cultivated with the infected media after 12, 12, and 36 h was found to be 2.1, 2.5, and 2.6 times higher than control. The extracellular peroxide content in the algae cultivated with the contaminated media was nearly constant and about 4 fold of the other specimens; while those of chytrid infected cells was slightly increased from 1.3 to 1.8 μM during 48 h cultivation. Amino acids histidine, alanine, asparagine, aspatic acid, arginine, and methionine were of the highest and the phenylalanine and tryptophan were of the lowest content. These results can be attributed to the cells defense response to chytrid infection thorough enhancement of peroxide content and activation of antioxidative pathways. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
549 - Phytochemical Study, Phenolic Assay and Antioxidant Capacity of Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides) Root Extract
فرخنده چنبه کار بابک مختاری سعادت رستگارزاده maryam kolahiThe Vetiver plant scientifically known as "Chrysopogon zizanoides", belongs to the Poaceae family and shows high adaptability to different environmental conditions. The plant was introduced as Vetiver Grass Technology (VGT) by the World Bank and is being promoted worldw MoreThe Vetiver plant scientifically known as "Chrysopogon zizanoides", belongs to the Poaceae family and shows high adaptability to different environmental conditions. The plant was introduced as Vetiver Grass Technology (VGT) by the World Bank and is being promoted worldwide for the protection of the environment. The aim of this research was to identify the phytochemical constituents present in the root of Vetiver, measurement of secondary metabolites and investigation of the antioxidant properties of its ethanolic extract. In order to identify the chemical compounds present in the root, various phytochemical analyses and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry were utilized. The quantity of secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids and flavonol of the Vetiver root was determined by spectroscopy methods. The data shows that extracts of Vetiver root contains bioactive compounds belonging to various families such as tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and saponins. In the tests conducted it was shown that by increasing the density of Vetiver root extracts, the quantity of phenolics, flavonoid, flavonol and antioxidant capacity significantly increased. The high rate of production of phenylpropanoid compounds with high antioxidant capacity is very important in the adaptability of plants under unfavorable cultivation conditions. Based on these results, Vetiver may be used as a source of antioxidants in the isolation of active ingredients and drug manufacturing to treat diseases caused by oxidative stress. Based on these results, the Vetiver can be attention as a natural source of antioxidants in the isolation of active compounds and production drugs to treat diseases caused by oxidative stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
550 - Effect of Production, Extraction and Purification methods on Anti-cancer property of Fungal Polysaccharides
Hale Alvandi Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi Bahman Ebrahimi Hosseinzadeh Zahra-Beagom Mokhtari-Hosseini Hamed AghajaniCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Considering the nutritional value of fungi in traditional medicine and the history of their use in the treatment of various cancers, modern methods of treating cancer were studied using fungal products, especially MoreCancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Considering the nutritional value of fungi in traditional medicine and the history of their use in the treatment of various cancers, modern methods of treating cancer were studied using fungal products, especially polysaccharides. The antitumor activity of fungal polysaccharides is directly related to the stimulation of the immune system. These polysaccharides damage the free radicals and inhibit the growth of cancer cells by altering the function of macrophages, stimulating the production of anti-cancer antibodies and increasing nitric oxide and cytokines production. Despite extensive research on the therapeutic effects of fungal polysaccharides, further research is needed to identify their chemical structure, especially in purification methods. Fungal polysaccharides, in features such as linkage type, the degree of branching, molecular weight and solubility are different. The growth conditions of the fungal species, including the compositions of the culture medium, temperature, pH and type of bioreactor, affect the yield of polysaccharide and its monosaccharide composition. Polysaccharide extraction methods, drying, purification, and chemical modification can change the structural properties of polysaccharide, including linkage type, the degree of branching, uronic acid content, protein content, and solubility. Structural differences in fungal polysaccharides have been shown to lead to differences in antioxidant activity, anti-proliferation, and immune stimulation. Therefore, by investigating the chemical structure of fungal polysaccharides, it can be targeted to the production of polysaccharides for the treatment of cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
551 - Identification of Phytochemical, Determination of Some Primary Metabolites and Antioxidant Capacity in Ashanan (Seedlitzia rosmarinous)
Roya Azadi مریم kolahi Nahid Pourreza Mahnaz DavabiThe Halophytic plant of Ashanan With Scientific name Seidlitzia rosmarinous From the Chenopodiceae family, Plant with applications in various industries Which often grow in saline and alkaline areas, deserts and salt marsh as indigenous and adapted species. In the prese MoreThe Halophytic plant of Ashanan With Scientific name Seidlitzia rosmarinous From the Chenopodiceae family, Plant with applications in various industries Which often grow in saline and alkaline areas, deserts and salt marsh as indigenous and adapted species. In the present study plant of ashnan Using three solvents, ethanol, methanol and water were extracted by Soxhlet method, Then, the ethanolic extract was examined phytochemically. In order to identify the chemical compounds and elements available in the plant Respectively, GC / MS analysis was performed on methanol extract and EDS analysis on Ashnan powder. also, the content of some of the early metabolites, such as protein, fiber and carbohydrate, was measured in plant powder. Finally, its antioxidant activity was evaluated using the ABTS test. the highest Weighted Efficiency was related to water solvent extraction. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and glycosides, and the absence of terpenoids. The GC / MSS analysis showed the presence of 51 chemical compounds, and the EDS analysis showed the presence of 8 elements in the plant. The most antioxidant activity is in the ethanolic extract. Based on the results Ashnan plant can be a natural antioxidant, In Sanitary, medicine and food industries. Also, the presence of sodium, chlorine and calcium elements in the plant indicates saltiness of the Ashnan plant. It can be very important to manage environmental problems and cultivate in saline soils. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
552 - Evaluation of the effect of different types and amounts of foliar application of jasmonate before fruit harvest on functional, physiological, qualitative and medicinal traits of two strawberry cultivars
Mohammad Javad Mahdavi Lasibi Rezvan Karami Borz Abad Abolfazl Baghbani AraniTo investigate the effect of different types and amounts of jasmines on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two strawberry cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in Sadra Hydroponic Greenhouse of Shiraz Universi MoreTo investigate the effect of different types and amounts of jasmines on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of two strawberry cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in Sadra Hydroponic Greenhouse of Shiraz University in 2018. Experimental treatments include two types of jasmonate (jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate) each in five concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mM) and (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM) with four replications and three pots in each replication and two strawberry cultivars (Selva and Parus). Analysis of variance showed that the effect of experimental treatments on all studied traits except fruit weight and vitamin C was significant. The results showed that foliar application of jasmonate reduced chlorophyll content and leaf dry weight in both strawberry cultivars, while the highest number of fruits in Selva cultivar was obtained by foliar application of 2 mM jasmonic acid. The results also showed that increasing the concentration of jasmonates by reducing the total acidity and increasing fruit anthocyanins in both cultivars, improved the quality properties of strawberries. In general, Selva cultivar is more effective than jasmonate by producing soluble solids and the ratio of soluble solids to total acidity is more significant and the amount of total acidity is lower than Parus cultivar, it is more desirable in terms of quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
553 - Investigating the amounts of phenolic compounds, flavonoid production, and antioxidant activity in calluses obtained from different cultivars of (Cichorium intybus L.)
zahra zare Mahin Ghaemi Fariba AghiliNatural antioxidant compounds can be a suitable substitute in pharmaceutical industries. Callus of (Cichorium intybus L) is a good source for antioxidant production. The research aim is to evaluate the amounts of phenolic compounds, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of MoreNatural antioxidant compounds can be a suitable substitute in pharmaceutical industries. Callus of (Cichorium intybus L) is a good source for antioxidant production. The research aim is to evaluate the amounts of phenolic compounds, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of plant in vitro and natural conditions. For this purpose, after preparing healthy seedlings from chicory seeds in (1.2 MS) culture medium, stem, leaf and root explants were prepared and cultured for callus formation in liquid MS with different hormone treatments. Methanolic extracts were prepared from each Callus.The phenolic content and flavonoid were determined by Folin – Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods and antioxidant activity by measuring the reduction of radical capacity by DPPH. The HPLC method was used to determine the type of phenolic compounds in the extracts.The results showed the highest amount of total phenol is 2.613 mg/g of the Callus weight related to the leaf explant with Kin (0.5mg/L), the highest amount of flavonoid is 0.828 mg/g related to the stem explant with 2,4-D (0.5mg /L) and the highest amount of total antioxidant was 89.35% related to the stem explant with BAP (1mg/L).The highest amount of chlorogenic acid was 0.513 mg/g related to the leaf explant with BAP (0.75 mg/L) and the highest amount of caffeic acid was 0.009 mg/g related to the stem explant with Kin (1 mg/L).The Callus obtained from stem and leaf explants, having a good level of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, can be used as a source of natural antioxidants instead of synthetic antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
554 - Evaluation of the effect of oral coating of aloe vera gel and lemon essential oil on physicochemical and microbial properties of broccoli
mohammad javad shakouri zahra zare zadeh Esmaeil Babakhanzadeh sajiraniIn this study, the effect of broccoli coating with aloe vera gel (25% w / w) as a hydrocolloid compound with different concentrations of lemon essential oil (3% v / w, 3, 2, 1, 0) for 9 The day was examined at 4 ° C for physicochemical and microbial properties. In t MoreIn this study, the effect of broccoli coating with aloe vera gel (25% w / w) as a hydrocolloid compound with different concentrations of lemon essential oil (3% v / w, 3, 2, 1, 0) for 9 The day was examined at 4 ° C for physicochemical and microbial properties. In the present study, lemon essential oil was used as an additive to prepare aloe vera coating. Lemongrass essential oil was extracted by Clevenger and added to aloe vera gel. The results showed that the addition of essential oil to food coatings significantly reduced mesophilic bacteria during storage. Aloe vera gel / lemon essential oil coatings had a significant effect on weight loss. Also, coating the samples with aloe vera gel / lemon essential oil preserved the antioxidant properties of the samples. These properties indicate that coatings based on aloe vera gel / lemon balm essential oil are a good choice for the development of oral coatings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
555 - The Effect of Some Plant Growth Regulators on the Induction of Calluses and Carbohydrates on the Biochemical Composition of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) In Vitro
leila beikmahdavi Roya Bishehkolaei Abbas Ali Dehpour joybari saeed soltaniCichorium intybus L. is a biennial plant that all parts of this plant (roots, leaves, seeds) are used medicinally. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth regulators on the induction of calluses from chicory leaves and petioles and to investigate t MoreCichorium intybus L. is a biennial plant that all parts of this plant (roots, leaves, seeds) are used medicinally. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth regulators on the induction of calluses from chicory leaves and petioles and to investigate the effect of carbohydrates (sucrose and glucose) on the biochemical composition (flavonoid, Antioxidant activity, phenol, sugar, anthocyanin) of the produced Calli. For this purpose, BAP and KIN cytokinins at three levels (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/l) and NAA auxin at three levels (0.2, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) in MS medium were used to induction callus. Also, the effect of different levels of sucrose and glucose was investigated on five levels (1, 2, 3, 4, 5%) with control treatment ½ MS medium. The highest percentage of callus formation and callus weight was observed in culture medium containing 1 mg / l of BAP and NAA. The results showed that the studied carbohydrates had a significant effect on the biochemical composition of chicory (P<0.01). The highest amount of phenol was observed in the treatment of 3% glucose (0.28 mg gallic acid / g fresh weight) and the highest amount of flavonoids was observed in the concentration of 4% glucose (0.29 mg quercetin / g fresh weight). Also, the highest amount of antioxidant and sugar activities were observed in glucose concentration of 1% (89.51%) and glucose 4% (86.97 µg), respectively. The highest amount of anthocyanin (7.1 µM per gram of fresh weight) was observed in 5% glucose treatment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
556 - Bioreduction of environmental Al by Lisianthus plant
Faeze Ghanati Zeynab HashemiAluminum is a trivalent metal which due to its abundance in the earth's crust is one of the major environmental problems.Cation Al3+ in acidic soils is a key factor in the decline of agricultural production. Abundance of Al in water, air and soil around us results in it MoreAluminum is a trivalent metal which due to its abundance in the earth's crust is one of the major environmental problems.Cation Al3+ in acidic soils is a key factor in the decline of agricultural production. Abundance of Al in water, air and soil around us results in its uptake and accumulation in the body. Aluminum consumption in the form of antacids and drugs with aluminum hydroxide, Al presence in drinking water and food consumption for baking powder or cheeses is very common. On the other hand may also cause diseases such as Alzheimer's, osteoporosis, calcium deficiency, acute neurological disease, anemia, headache, decreased kidney function and bladder, slurred speech and loss of memory. Identifying plants bearing the ability to absorb high amounts of Al and continuous growth without toxicity can be considered as an effective step in refining the soil and water from this element. The aim of this study is the investigation on the Al uptake capacity of Lisianthus aluminum in a hydroponic system. For this purpose, Lisianthus seedlings in hydroponic culture were treated with 400, 600, 800 and 1200 µM of Al for 10 days. The results showed no significant increase in superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide as an indicator of stress in the roots. As well as the punctual increase iron regenerative power (FRAP) in the group treated with aluminum compared to the control group suggesting a high antioxidant power Lisianthus against aluminum. . The results suggest that Lisianthus can be used to reduce the concentration of Al in the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
557 - Preparation and investigation of antioxidant behavior of edible films based on carboxymethyl cellulose containing mint essential oil and olive oil
sima pourbeyram mahsa kosheshThe production of edible films based on the carboxymethyl cellulose as a biodegradable polymer containing the essential oil extracted from the mint plant, is reported in this work. To improve the quality of these films, materials such as calcium ascorbate as a binder, s MoreThe production of edible films based on the carboxymethyl cellulose as a biodegradable polymer containing the essential oil extracted from the mint plant, is reported in this work. To improve the quality of these films, materials such as calcium ascorbate as a binder, sucrose as an emulsifier, olive oil to make the films hydrophobic and mint essential oil as a source of antioxidants have been used. The results of the quality control tests showed that the addition of peppermint essential oil and olive oil significantly improved the quality of the base films. So that 27% of humidity, 31% of swelling, 30% of solubility and 39% of water vapor permeability were reduced in the case of the modified films. The results of the stress-strain diagrams showed that by adding calcium ascorbate to the composition of the films, the average tensile strength increased by 3.8 times and the elongation at break point increased by 2.3 times. According to the electrochemical measurements, the films containing peppermint essential oil had antioxidant properties and the stability and longevity of the essential oil inside the film was high. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
558 - Antioxidant effect of Spirulina fed Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by the Enzyme Glutathione proxidase
E. Emitazjo Z. Dehghani Motalagh M. ZeinaliSpirulina is filamentous cyanobacteria and is used in aquaculture industry. In this investigation antioxidative effects of fish trouts(Onchronchus mykiss) feeded with Spirulina was studied. Changes MoreSpirulina is filamentous cyanobacteria and is used in aquaculture industry. In this investigation antioxidative effects of fish trouts(Onchronchus mykiss) feeded with Spirulina was studied. Changes in Glutathione peroxidase enzyme (GPX) was employed for this evaluation. Main stages of this investigation was performed in fish trout culture farm in Tehran. One hundred and twenty trouts with 17±2 gram weight were feeded in 5 treatments. Feed treatments included blank1 (without Spirulina), blank2 binder (without Spirulina) and three different doses of Spirulina 2.5%,5%,7.5% with binder. Spirulina with colza oil binder was mixed with food after weighing required amount of food for every pool. Fish were then fed 3 times a day for 90 day. After sampling , the special activity of GPx in liver, spleen and muscle tissue was investigated using Wendell's method. This assay indicated that increase in Spirulinapercentage in diet to 7.5 and 5% , enhanced amount of glutathione peroxidase activity in spleen to 61.52%. Also with increase in the amount of feeding with Spirulina , amount of glutathione peroxidase specific activity declined to about 21.95% in liver tissue and to 9.4% in muscles. Results of this study indicated that feeding fish with Spirulina resulted in enhancement of antioxidant activity of GPx enzyme in spleen and reduction of its activity in muscle and liver tissues of trout. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
559 - The Comparison of Antioxidant Property of Enriched Jelly Gum with Chlorella vulgaris and Normal Jelly Gum
F. Arabsorkhi S. Safaeian L. Salimi Antioxidant is a substance which inhibits production of free radicals, autooxidation in foods and cancers. This study focuses on the antioxidant property and polyphenol compounds of enriched jelly gums enriched with green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Moisture, More Antioxidant is a substance which inhibits production of free radicals, autooxidation in foods and cancers. This study focuses on the antioxidant property and polyphenol compounds of enriched jelly gums enriched with green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Moisture, ash and acidity of samples were also evaluated. Jelly gums were produced with different amounts of dried powder of green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Antioxidant property of microalgae and products were evaluated by DPPH and polyphenol compounds were evaluated by folin-ciocalteu assay. Moisture, ash and acidity were compared with standards for jelly gums. According to the results, jelly gums hadsignificant antioxidant properties because of Chlorella vulgaris which was27 ± 0.3 mg gallic acid g/dw. This microalga contains the acceptable level of polyphenol compounds and also about 2 ± 1.3 mg equivalent gallic acid g/dw. Moisture was stable in all samples and equal to 12.2. Ash was increased in each evaluation but acidity was decreased every time. Comparing the results of antioxidant properties of these samples with different groups of foods in other studies, it can be perceived that the samples are in the category of high antioxidant property. Using green Chlorella vulgaris assures the presence of polyphenol compounds in the products. Neither moisture, ash nor acidity were non-compliant with the standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
560 - Evaluation of anti carcinogenic effect of Artemia urmiana by using method of Ames
S. Mehrabian M. AbbasiFree radicals are produced during oxidative metabolism in body and they can attack to all of component of cells and cause cellular changes and early aging. Antioxidant materials role for balance maintenance in cells has currently attracted more attention. The aim of th MoreFree radicals are produced during oxidative metabolism in body and they can attack to all of component of cells and cause cellular changes and early aging. Antioxidant materials role for balance maintenance in cells has currently attracted more attention. The aim of this study is investing of antimutation effect of Artemia, cyst and decapsulated egg extract by Ames test and Salmonella typhimurum TA 100 strain. These extract prevent reverse mutation caused by carcinogenic materials. In comparison with positive controls (sodium azid, KMno4, cresol) and negative control (distilled water) antimutagenicity properties of Artemia was evaluated and confirmed. In addition, the value of Astaxanthin in those extracts was assayed. for quality analysis and separation of Astaxanthin, we used TLC chromatography and column chromatography, respectively. Then, the presense of Astaxanthin in these extracts was confirmed by spectrometer IR test. The results showed that antimutagenicity properties of Artemia urmiana are the same with other salty water Artemia. Antimutagenicity and anticarcinogenicity properties in decapsulated egg, dried artemia and cyst are %85, %70 and %100 respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
561 - Composition and antibacterial activity of the chemical essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare and Eucalyptus to control some important plant pathogenic bacteria
mitra omidi nasab Milad AeiniOne of the most significant current discussions is approaching the antibacterial activity of essential oil to control plant pathogenic agents. Current study aimed to characterize chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Foeniculum vulgare and Eucalyptus to con MoreOne of the most significant current discussions is approaching the antibacterial activity of essential oil to control plant pathogenic agents. Current study aimed to characterize chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Foeniculum vulgare and Eucalyptus to control some plant pathogenic bacteria in-vitro. In the present study, essential oil components of Foeniculum vulgare and Eucalyptus were subjected to Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, their minimum inhibitory concentration and antibacterial inhibitory on some plant pathogenic bacteria were determined. GC-MS analysis showed that the main component of the essential oil of F. vulgare were p-cymene, (30.18%), Cuminal (24.74%), 2-beta pinene (11.81%), while Eucalyptus were 1,8 cineol (47.87%), 1-alpha pinene (17.94%), p-cymene (7.91%) and Limonene (7.68%). Also, minimum inhibitory concentration was 3.79 µg/ml and 8.54 µg/ml for F. vulgare and Eucalyptus, respectively. Results of the antimicrobial investigation demonstrated that F. vulgare had the highest inhibition diameter of 4.4 centimeters in Clavibacter michiganensis. In Eucalyptus essential oil, highest inhibition zone (4.3 centimeters) were attributed to Erwinia amylovora. Results showed that by increasing the concentration, antibacterial activity increases. Our findings provide a rational basis of a novel emerging alternative to antimicrobial treatments in plant disease management programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
562 - Comparison and optimization of antioxidant compounds produced by autochthonous and allochthonous Aspergillus strains
Fatemeh Moshki Nafiseh Sadat Naghavi Masoud FouladgarBackground & Objectives: Antioxidants reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and stroke and prevent the development of cancer by neutralizing free radicals. The present study aimed to produce and optimize the production of antioxidant compounds by Aspergillus s MoreBackground & Objectives: Antioxidants reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and stroke and prevent the development of cancer by neutralizing free radicals. The present study aimed to produce and optimize the production of antioxidant compounds by Aspergillus strains.Materials & Methods: Fungi samples were collected from different regions of Isfahan province or obtained from the Persian Type Culture Collection. Purified fungi samples were inoculated to the Czapek medium to produce antioxidant compounds. Screening and comparison of antioxidant properties of the selected strains were carried out using four assays including free DPPH (Diphenyl pycryle-Hydrazyl) radical reduction, iron radical recovery, and total phenol content and flavonoid content assays. Fungi antioxidant activity was optimized in terms of pH, temperature, and type of carbon and nitrogen sources by single factor and detailed factorial (Taguchi) designed experiments.Results: The highest antioxidant activity was observed in Aspergillus niger isolated from the soil of the Iron melting factory and the highest amount of flavonoid content was shown by Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from greenhouse soil. DPPH radical reduction rate by Aspergillus niger was 89.9% in the optimum condition (pH 6, the temperature of 25°C, sucrose as carbon source and potassium nitrate as nitrogen source). Optimization by Taguchi designed experiments resulted in a 10-15 percent increase in antioxidant compounds production.Conclusion: Autochthonous isolated fungi had high potential to produce antioxidant compounds and can be proposed to related industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
563 - Optimization of beta-carotene production of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa isolated from the waste leather factory
Sheida Beiranvand Mohaddeseh Larypoor Jamileh NoroziBackground & Objectives: Yeasts have a special value for human in biotechnology because of the production of pigments. Rhodotorula species produce high amounts of beta-carotene. The aim of this study was to maximize the production of beta-carotene at least prices fr MoreBackground & Objectives: Yeasts have a special value for human in biotechnology because of the production of pigments. Rhodotorula species produce high amounts of beta-carotene. The aim of this study was to maximize the production of beta-carotene at least prices from native yeast species. Materials & Methods: The four isolation evaluated were isolated from specific environments during three stages of sampling from the waste leather factory. Subsequently, two isolates of Aa1 and Aa4 were identified using the biochemical test and PCR technique. The production of beta-carotene was determined by the identified isolates and a standard strain in different conditions of salt, nitrogen source, carbon source, aeration, temperature, and pH. Optical absorption of the pigment was read through spectrophotometer at 470 nm. Results: Among the four isolates, only the isolate Aa1 is capable to produce carton-free pigment. The genetic identification of the two isolates Aa1 and Aa4 confirmed 98% similarity to those of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Debaryomyces hanseni, respectively. The results showed that the maximum production of beta-carotene was obtained after optimization of 75.6 μg/ml for Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and 32.7 μg/ml for Rhodotorula glutinis (standard strain). Conclusion: The isolation of native species and the optimization of its functional activities in the laboratory is not only useful in the production of high-quality industrial products, but also the use of the native species is highly economical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
564 - Assessment of the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of stem and leaf alcoholic extracts of Dendrostellera lesserti
Mostafa Alamhulu Sonbol NazeriBackground & Objectives: The increases in the microbial antibiotic resistance and decreases in the sensitivity of bacteria to antimicrobial chemical compounds are some concerns of the researchers who look for herbal compounds as antimicrobial properties. The purpose MoreBackground & Objectives: The increases in the microbial antibiotic resistance and decreases in the sensitivity of bacteria to antimicrobial chemical compounds are some concerns of the researchers who look for herbal compounds as antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of leaf and stem extracts of Dendrostellera lesserti against 10 human pathogenic bacteria. Material & Methods: Dendrostellera lesserti was collected from the Alvand Mountain (1961 m height) located at Hamedan province. After identification, the extracts were prepared using maceration method. In this sectional study, antibacterial activity was determined by agar well diffusion method, MIC (serial dilution method) and MBC. The antioxidant properties of these extracts was determined by DPPH method. Also, the amounts of phenol and flavonoid was assayed by Folin-ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Results: The largest growth inhibition zone with 27.3±0.6 mm diameter was observed on Micrococcus luteus culture exposed to ethanolic extract of the stem. The MIC and MBC of the extracted obtained from stem were lower than the leaf extract. Methanolic extract of stem in concentration of 1 mg/ml had the highest scavenging percentage of free radical. The methanol extracts of stem and leaf achieved the highest amount of phenol and flavonoid, 79.4±0.5 (mgGAE/g) and 2.1±0.1(mgQ/g), respectively. Conclusion: The results of present study showed that alcoholic extract, especially methanol extract, of Dendrostellera lesserti showed antibacterial ability. Since the phenolic and flavonoids compounds have anti­bacterial and anti-oxidant properties, the property showed in this study can be because of the presence of these compounds in the tissues studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
565 - The prebiotic effect of inulin on the microbial, quality indexes and shelf life of probiotic pomegranate juice containing Lactobacillus plantarum
leila lakzadeh Arezoo Sabzevari Mehdi AmouheidariNatural juices are an excellent substrate for the production of synbiotic functional food for the high nutritional value and common use. Therefore, the survival of the probiotic bacteria and the technological effects of bacteria and inulin were studied on the pomegranat MoreNatural juices are an excellent substrate for the production of synbiotic functional food for the high nutritional value and common use. Therefore, the survival of the probiotic bacteria and the technological effects of bacteria and inulin were studied on the pomegranate juice quality. Inulin in different percentages (1.5, 3, 5) and Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria equivalent to 0.5 McFarland were added to pomegranate juice. The number of bacteria and the ability of inulin and bacteria in inhibition of fungi and preservation of antioxidant quality of pomegranate juice was considered in compare to the control sample, probiotic sample and prebiotic sample with 3% inulin due to the prohibition of preserver usage in functional food. Based on the results, the pomegranate juice sample containing 3% inulin was able to protect the number of lactobacilli bacteria to 1.5 × 107 cfu/ml in the 4th week in addition to the highest sensory score. Decrease of the antioxidant activity and counting of the fungi were 25.4%, 150 cfu/ml in the control sample, 0.38%, 90 cfu/ml in the prebiotic sample with 3% inulin and 0.26%, 65 cfu/ml in the symbiotic sample with 3% inulin, respectively, in the fourth week. Finally, production of the pomegranate juice with 3% inulin can effect on the maintenance of the antioxidant quality and increase of the product shelf life up to 4 weeks meanwhile making a functional product with preserving of the suitable number of probiotic bacteria. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
566 - Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Ephedra intermedia extract and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant properties
Mina Tetrontan Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Hamdi Maryam Ebrahimi TajabadiBackground & Objective: Ephedra intermedia species from the Ephedraceae family is a shrubby plant and is considered among the primitive plants. The aim of this study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles from the extract of this species in order to investigate its antim MoreBackground & Objective: Ephedra intermedia species from the Ephedraceae family is a shrubby plant and is considered among the primitive plants. The aim of this study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles from the extract of this species in order to investigate its antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. Materials and methods: First, methanolic extract was prepared and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using silver salt. A spectrophotometric device was used to verify silver nanoparticles and a scanning electron microscope was used to check its dimensions and shape. FTIR analysis was used to investigate the possible organic compounds involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles, and to determine the concentration of nanoparticles, the analysis was performed by AAS and the antioxidant properties were evaluated by the DPPH method. In order to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, MBC and MIC and disking method were used. Results: The nanoparticles produced were spherical and in the range of 30-89 nm, and the most effective group of agents that played a role in its production were the hydroxyl group (O-H) and alkene compounds (C=C), and the concentration of biosynthetic nanoparticles was 2.25 mg/liter indicates a high concentration of synthesized nanowires. The results of MIC and MBC tests were the same and its concentration was 2000 μg/ml. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the biosynthetic nanoparticle obtained from Ephedra Intermedia is more effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria than the commercial nanoparticle, so it can be used as an alternative in pharmaceutical, medical and disinfectant applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
567 - Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extract from Malva silvestans and Lowsonia inermis on intestinal bactria
Zahra Hojjati Bonab Elhameh Nik khahBackground and Objectives: Malva silvestans and Lawsonia inermis are widely used in the East Azerbaijan folk medicine. The effective compounds of these plants describe probabely their biological activities and therapeutic activity. In this study, methanolic extract of t MoreBackground and Objectives: Malva silvestans and Lawsonia inermis are widely used in the East Azerbaijan folk medicine. The effective compounds of these plants describe probabely their biological activities and therapeutic activity. In this study, methanolic extract of these plants were used to detect antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Material and Methods: Superoxide anion radical scavenging assay was used for antioxidant activity test in which the superoxide anion radicals were generated by a pyrogallol auto oxidation system. The antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of these plants was tested by disc diffusion method against three enteric microorganisms. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of methanolic extracts were determined, too. Results: The used assay for assessment of antioxidant activity in order to determine the accumulation of superoxide radicals in total extract of plant was not appropriate. However, for antibacterial assays, all three bacteria were susceptible to methanolic extract and showed 4 to 15 mm zone of inhibition. Conclusion: Although the total extracts of plants used in this study had appropriate antimicrobial activities,their antioxidant effects was not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
568 - Effect of low temperature stress on biochemical and physiological characteristics of some native genotypes of like-lime in the north of Iran
Saleh Mohammadi hamidreza khazaie Ahmad Nezami Yahya tajvarIn this study, the vulnerability of six native genotypes of like-lime (1-6 number) with control tolerant variety of Unshiu and sensitive variety of Persian lime (to low temperature) were studied low temperature stress ( 3, 0, -3 and -6˚C), on physiological responses, in MoreIn this study, the vulnerability of six native genotypes of like-lime (1-6 number) with control tolerant variety of Unshiu and sensitive variety of Persian lime (to low temperature) were studied low temperature stress ( 3, 0, -3 and -6˚C), on physiological responses, in a completely randomized design with Tukey´s mean comparison. Analysis of variance showed that in the interaction between genotype and temperature, leaf water soaking, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, proline content and antioxidant capacity were significant. It was while in reaction of temperature and genotype, total carbohydrates, chlorophyll a, b, total and Carotenoids have not significant differences. Therefore, in comparison of data, the highest of leaf water soaking (91/628%), electrolyte leakage (99.3%) and lipid peroxidation (3.32 µgr/gr FW) were recorded in control sensitive plant (Persian lime) at temperature of -6˚C. Versus, the highest proline content (32.006 mg/gr leaf fresh Weight) and antioxidant capacity (73.36%) were observed in control tolerant plant (Unshiu) at temperature of -3˚C. It is noteworthy that total carbohydrate, chlorophyll a and total, were significantly different only under the influence of genotype factor. Accordingly, the maximum amount of chlorophyll a (2.359 mg/gr leaf fresh Weight), total chlorophyll (2.932 mg/gr leaf fresh Weight) and total carbohydrate (33.486 mg/gr leaf fresh Weight) were measured in in control tolerant plant (Unshiu). It should be noted that among the six native genotypes of like-lime studied, different reactions were recorded under low temperature. So that after control tolerant plant (Unshiu), native genotypes like-lime No. 6 showed better resistance against low temperature stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
569 - Effect of ultraviolet radiation and abscisic acid on activity of antioxidant enzymes and physiological and morphological traits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under different irrigation intervals
Behnoush Rasaei Saeid Jalali-Honarmand Mokhtar Ghobadi Guisheng ZhouThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and abscisic acid (ABA) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, physiological and morphological characteristics of the tomato under drought stress conditions. Experiment was conducted as MoreThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and abscisic acid (ABA) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, physiological and morphological characteristics of the tomato under drought stress conditions. Experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with four replications during two years. Experimental factors included radiation of ultraviolet radiation on three levels (control (non-radiation), UV-AB and UV-C), application of abscisic acid on two levels (non-application and application of abscisic acid with dose of 10 mg/L), and drought stress on two levels of without drought stress (complete irrigation during all growth period) and drought stress in vegetative stage (from 20 days after transplantation to flowering). The results showed that UV-AB radiation increased leaf relative water content and shoot dry weight while UV-C radiation reduced leaf relative water content and shoot dry weight compared to control (without ultraviolet radiation). By applying drought stress increased the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes as well as soluble carbohydrate concentrations, while the relative water content of leaves and shoot dry weight decreased significantly. The amount of peroxidase enzyme activity, relative water content, soluble carbohydrates and shoot dry weight increased due to the application of abscisic acid. Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that drought and ultraviolet stresses had harmful effects on the tomato plants, and the interaction of these two above-mentioned environmental tensions was synergistic to induce protective mechanisms and defense systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
570 - Effect of the oak decline on the secondary compositions in oak leaves Case study: Zagros forest- Lorestan
ziyaoddin Badehian Shahram Karami Marzieh Rashidi Mohsen RajabiIn recent years, Querqus trees especially those which are located in the Lorestan province, in the Central Zagros forests, have faced to the Oak decline phenomenon. Different natural and unnatural factors can make this phenomenon to occur. Quercus brantii, the dominant MoreIn recent years, Querqus trees especially those which are located in the Lorestan province, in the Central Zagros forests, have faced to the Oak decline phenomenon. Different natural and unnatural factors can make this phenomenon to occur. Quercus brantii, the dominant species of the Lorestan forests, is suffered from this phenomenon and it has been degraded in wide range. Quercus brantii contain different type of secondary compositions. Secondary compositions in the leaves react as a defensive mechanism against stress maker conditions. In present study, to investigate the effect of oak decline on the secondary compositions such as total tannin, insoluble suger, principal soluble suger, condensed tannin and antioxidant of the leaves of Quercus branti, some sample of the leaves from affected trees in the Lorestan forests were gathered. After different tests on the leaves of Quercus brantii, the analysis of the acquired data was conducted using the factorial experiment and independent t-test. The rate of total tannin, insoluble suger, principal soluble suger and condensed tannin in the affected tress in the regions of Miankooh, Maleshaban and Abolvafa had a significant difference with the healthy trees but the rate of antioxidant did not show a significant difference. Moreover, the rate of condensed tannin in the regions of Miankooh and Abolvafa were significantly greater than the other areas. Stressful conditions such as oak decline, cause changes in the amount of secondary compounds in leaves. Studying these changes can help diagnosing and controlling the prevalence of stressful conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
571 - The evaluation of antioxidant enzymes role in seed yield of some wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under drought stress at post anthesis
P. Sharifi N. MohammadkhaniIn order to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content and grain yield of wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted with a factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replicate MoreIn order to study the effects of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content and grain yield of wheat cultivars, an experiment was conducted with a factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replicates in field of Agricultural Dryland Research Station, Maragheh, Iran. Six wheat genotypes and four irrigation treatments (control, 7, 17 and 23 days after anthesis) were used in this study. Genotypes were included Azar-2 and Sardari (Drought tolerant), HN7 and DH-2049 (moderately tolerant), and Sara and TEVEE (drought sensitive). Results showed that drought stress at different times after anthesis led to decrease in relative water content (on average from 82.5% to 53.5%) and chlorophyll content (on average from 12.33% to 3.17%) in flag leaves of different wheat genotypes. Activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) were significantly increased under drought conditions. It was also observed that tolerant genotypes which had lower MDA and RWC content and higher chlorophyll contents in drought conditions also showed the higher antioxidant enzymes activity than sensitive genotypes. It seems that lower antioxidant enzymes activity in sensitive genotypes caused a decrease in drought tolerance and therefore higher yield reduction in these genotypes (on average from 3150.23 kg per hectare to 1400.21 kg per hectare, 55.55% decrease) compare to tolerant genotypes (on average from 2800.72 kg per hectare to 1850.69 kg per hectare, 33.92% decrease). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
572 - Effect of lead and putresine interactions on cress (Lipidium sativum) seedling physiological and biochemical factors
Fatemeh Hasanpournezhad Monireh RanjbarIn the present study, the effects of lead and putrescine on Lepidium sativum plant were examined. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. Lead nitrate at concentrations of 0, 125, 250 and 1000 micro molar and putres MoreIn the present study, the effects of lead and putrescine on Lepidium sativum plant were examined. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. Lead nitrate at concentrations of 0, 125, 250 and 1000 micro molar and putresine at 0 and 1 mM was used. Lead and putresine increased plant fresh weights compared to lead treatment of same concentration and at a concentration of 500 micromolar fresh weight was10 gr. There was no significant difference between dry weights of treated plants and control. Lead treatment increased polyphenol oxidase (0/8 micromoles per minute per gram fresh weight in 1000 micromolar) and catalase (0/053 micromoles per minute per gram fresh weight in 1000 micromolar) activities. The use of putrescine and lead increased the polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity (0/99 micromoles per minute per gram fresh weight in 125 micromolar) compared to lead treatment of same concentration. The combined use of putresine and lead reduced the amount of proline except at 250 micromolar of lead compared to plants treated in the same concentration of lead. Treatments of lead at concentrations of 125, 250 and 500 micromolar and putrescine, were reduced the percent of inhibition compared to the treatment of lead in the same concentration. Inhibitory percentage was increased on 1000 micromolar of lead. The total phenols were not significant difference under the lead and putrescine treatments. In Lepidium sativum under lead stress activated polyphenol oxidase, Proline increasese. Useing putrescine has controlled production of proline by reduction the stress effects Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
573 - Effect of ascorbic acid and sodium nitroprusside foliar spraying on yield and qualitative characteristics of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) at different levels of drought stress
Parviz Yadollahi Dehcheshmeh Mohammad Ali Javaheri Mohammad Reza AsgharipourToday, application of anti-oxidant and plant growth regulators has been proposed to reducing the negative impacts of drought stress. Ascorbic acid and sodium nitroprusside are the substances that make plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the e MoreToday, application of anti-oxidant and plant growth regulators has been proposed to reducing the negative impacts of drought stress. Ascorbic acid and sodium nitroprusside are the substances that make plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the effect of drought stress, ascorbic acid and sodium nitroprusside foliar sprays were examined on the qualitative characteristics in summer squash plants. The experimental design was a split plot factorial with two irrigation regimes; irrigation at 75% FC and irrigation at 25% FC, as the main treatments, and combination of sodium nitroprusside at three levels of 0, 50 and M and ascorbic acid at three levels of 0, 10 and 20 mM at flowering stage as subplot that were applied with three replications. The experiment was conducted in 2011 at the Zabol University research farm in Zabol, south Iran. Deficit irrigation reduced seed oil content and chlorophyll a. Also delay irrigation decreased relative water content of leaves. Ascorbic acid spraying increased, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, protein and oil contents of leaves, but leaf relative water content decreased with the use of ascorbic acid. The concomitant use of 20 mM of ascorbic acid and 100 M of sodium nitroprusside achieved the greatest chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, protein and oil contents and relative water content of leaves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
574 - Effects of salicylic acid on biochemical and physiological characteristics of Matricaria chamomile
fatemeh rasekh null null atousa vaziri bahman kholdebarinThe Matricaria chamomile are medicinal and aromatic plants belonging to the Asteraceae family, which have many pharmaceutical properties. Salicylic acid naturally occurs in plants at a very low concentration. It is a common plant-produced signal molecule that is respon MoreThe Matricaria chamomile are medicinal and aromatic plants belonging to the Asteraceae family, which have many pharmaceutical properties. Salicylic acid naturally occurs in plants at a very low concentration. It is a common plant-produced signal molecule that is responsible for inducing tolerance to a number of mutation. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of salicylic acid on biochemical and physiological characteristics of M. chammomile. The seeds of M. chammomile were grown in the greenhouse with the mean day/night temperature and relative humidity of 29 ± 4˚C, 38 ± 5% RH/17 ± 2˚C, 59 ± 5% RH respectively. To investigate the effects of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics of M. chammomile .Fourteen weeks old plants were subjected to different levels of salicylic acid [control, 150, 300, and 450 mg l-1]. Our results showed that salicylic acid caused a significant change in proline content, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity in M. chammomile but phenolic compounds has shown different profiles. The essential oil components of M. chammomilewere identified and analyzed by GC/MS and GC technique. Polyphenol components were identified and analyzed by HPLC method. The main components of essential oil were α-Bisabolol oxide A, Chamazulene and En-in-dicycloether. The main components of polyphenols wereChloregeni acid, Caffeic acid, Catechin, Sinapic acid, Hesperidin, Ellagic acid, Quercetin, Eugenol. The proportions of these main compounds and synthesis of some important essential oil components were induced by salicylic acid. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
575 - Antioxidant enzyme activities and fermentation metabolism in the root of three wheat promising lines under waterlogging stress
Freshteh alizade vaskasi hemmatollah Pirdashti Ali Cherati_Araei Sara SaadatmandWaterlogging stress has negative effects on the growth and yield of wheat plants, which recognizes the defense mechanism of the plant against waterlogging, can be valuable. In order to study the response of three wheat genotypes to different levels of waterlogging stres MoreWaterlogging stress has negative effects on the growth and yield of wheat plants, which recognizes the defense mechanism of the plant against waterlogging, can be valuable. In order to study the response of three wheat genotypes to different levels of waterlogging stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with five replications in Gharakhil (Ghaemshahr) Agricultural Station. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of waterlogging (0, 7, 14 and 21 day) at tillering (ZG21) and stem elongation (ZG31) stages on the growth, total chlorophyll, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, activity of antioxidant enzymes, and enzymes of fermentation pathway in root of three wheat promising lines (N-93-19, N-93-9 and N-92-9). The results showed that waterlogging stress in both growth stages reduced the total chlorophyll and growth of all three genotypes, however, the highest contents of total chlorophyll and shoot and root dry weight were observed in N-92-9 genotype. Increased waterlogging stress increased the contents of proline, MDA, H2O2, activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase and decreased peroxidase activity of root of genotypes in both growth stages compared to control treatments. The results of this experiment that N-92-9 genotype had better response than other two genotypes in all studied traits under waterlogging conditions and was introduced as a flood tolerant genotype. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
576 - Phytochemical study of Zataria multiflora Boiss in different ecological conditions
Ahmad Niczad Shahram Sharafzadeh Ardalan Alizadeh Bahram Amiri Forood BazrafshanIn the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic MoreIn the present study, 4 different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora medicinal plant (Estahban, Neyriz, Fasa and Larestan), were investigated in order to identify the best ecotype in terms of the highest percentage of essential oil, essential oil components, total phenolic content, antioxidant properties and polyphenolic compounds of methanolic extract. Essential oils were extracted from all ecotypes by hydro-distillation via Clevenger apparatus, then analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatograph connected to mass spectrophotometer (GC/MS) . In total, 52 compounds were identified in the essential oils of different ecotypes of Zataria multiflora. The main chemical constituents were, thymol (34.41 - 54.35 %), p-cymene (9.49 - 19.85 %), -Terpinene (7.34 - 16.70 %) and carvacrol (5.35 - 15.34 %). Determination of total phenol and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Polyphenolic components of extracts of different ecotypes were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total phenols varied from 234.66 to 302.28 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, IC50 values in the radical scavenging assay ranged from 348.63 to 453.76 mg/mL. The predominant polyphenolic compounds in the extracts of all ecotypes included: Thymol, Carvacrol, Quercetin and Rosmarinic acid. The results showed that Neyriz ecotype has the highest percentage of essential oil and the highest percentage of thymol. The highest amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was observed in Larestan ecotype. The predominant polyphenolic component was thymol and was observed in the Fasa ecotype. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
577 - The change of physiological activities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to different irrigation regimes and Ethanol foiliar application
Reza Ahmadi Sharif Hamid Reza Zakerin Marefat Mostafavi Rad saeed sayfzadeh Seyed Alireza ValadabadiIn order to evaluate of physiological activities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to different irrigation regimes and Ethanol foliar application, an experiment carried out as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in expe MoreIn order to evaluate of physiological activities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to different irrigation regimes and Ethanol foliar application, an experiment carried out as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Agicutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province, Astara (Kanroud research station), Iran during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Four level of irrigation regimes at 25, 50 and 75 and 100 mm evaporation from class A pan and three levels of Ethanol 10, 20 and 30 % (v:v), comprised experimental factors, as main plot and sub plot, respectively. The interaction effect beween irrigation regime and Ethanol alcohol was significant for all measuered characteristics in peanut at 1% probability level. Drought stress caused to decrease grain yield per unit area, leaf chlorophy index and leaf relative water content in peanut. But, drought stress increased the value of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein, anthocyanins and the activitiy of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes. The greatest grain yield (3275 kh/ha) was obtained in response to irrigation regime after 25 mm evaporation fron “A pan” along with foliar application of Ethanol at the rate of 20% (v/v). In general, result showed that the foliar application of Ehanol could be recommendable in direction to enhance grain yield and resistance of peant plans againest to drought stress under similar climatic condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
578 - Investigating the phytochemical characteristics of seven salvia species native to Iran
zahra aghaee Ardalan Alizadeh Mehrzad Honarvar Ramin Babadaei SamaniSalvia belongs to the mint family and is one of the medicinal plants that has proven its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial properties for the essential oils and extracts of these plants based on recent research. In the present thesis, the a MoreSalvia belongs to the mint family and is one of the medicinal plants that has proven its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial properties for the essential oils and extracts of these plants based on recent research. In the present thesis, the aerial part of seven plant species of Salvia including Salvia sharifii, S. aegyptiaca, S. santolinifolia, S. compressa, S. eremophila, S. macilenta, S. macrosiphon in the spring of 2020, in the stage of full flowering by natural habitat different from Hormozgan province were collected. The study of volatile compounds of these species by GC / MS method led to the identification and determination of compounds such as α –Pinene, Linalool, Limonene, (E)-Caryophyllene, Caryophyllene oxide, Geraniol, Borneol, Menthol and p-Cymene. DPPH method evaluated the antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of seven species of Salvia. The highest IC50 belonged to S. aegyptiaca and santolinifolia and there was no significant difference with each other and the lowest IC50 belonged to S. macilenta. The highest percentage of free radical scavenging belonged to S. macilenta at a concentration of 1600 μg / ml. HPLC was used to measure the polyphenolic compounds of methanolic extracts of Salvia species. A total of 17 compounds were identified in methanolic extracts, of which only were detected Hesperetin, Rosmarinic acid, Trans-ferulic acid, Eugenol, Hesperedin, Carvacrol, Coumarin, Quercetin and Catechin. The results of this study showed that the amount of total phenol in S. eremophila species was the highest and was significantly different from other species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
579 - Studying the biochemical characteristics of lavender under the influence of the application of metal nanoparticles
farnam firoozbakht jahromi Behnam Behrooznam Abdolhossein Aboutalebi Jharomi Abdolkarim Ejraee Abdolhossein Mahammadi JahromiThis study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of some metal nanoparticles on some biochemical properties of lavender callus. ase in the amount of proline, soluble sugars, flavonoid and phenol. The highest amount of soluble sugars, flavonoids and phenols we MoreThis study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of some metal nanoparticles on some biochemical properties of lavender callus. ase in the amount of proline, soluble sugars, flavonoid and phenol. The highest amount of soluble sugars, flavonoids and phenols were obtained at the values of 8.46, 3.8, 3.02 and 79.35, respectively, in the treatment of simultaneous application of three nanoparticles. Based on the results, it was found that the content of soluble protein and the activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes were positively affected by the application of metal nanoparticles, and the simultaneous application of iron and silver nanoparticles led to the highest amount of soluble protein at 0.2 units per gram. This was while the highest level of catalase (0.43 units/g/min) and peroxidase (0.4 units/g/min) enzymes were observed in the simultaneous application of all three nanoparticles and the simultaneous application of silver and zinc nanoparticles, respectively. Based on the results of this study, it was determined that the simultaneous application of metal nanoparticles with increasing the amount of non-enzymatic antioxidants and also increasing the activity of enzymatic antioxidants led to an increase in the health of cells and a decrease in the production of malondialdehyde, and by reducing the negative effects of oxidative stress in the plant, the conditions for An increase in the production of photosynthetic pigments is provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
580 - Evaluation of Shelf Life of Walnut Kernels Treated by Antioxidants and Different Packaging under Two Temperatures
Roghieh Talebi Habashi Shahin Zomorodi Alireza Talaie Sepideh Kalateh Jari -
Open Access Article
581 - Optimizing the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Pistachio Hulls
Najmeh Pakdaman Rosa Dargahi Marieh Nadi Amanollah Javanshah Ahmad Shakerardekani Najmeh Saberi -
Open Access Article
582 - Priming with CuO Nanoparticles and Ultrasound Enhanced Antioxidant Potential and Total Taxol in the Cell Suspension Culture of Corylus avellana L.
Yusuf Farrokhzad Dariush Ramezan Ara Alinejad Elahshah -
Open Access Article
583 - Determination of Nutritional Value and Oxidative Stability of Fresh Walnut
Najmeh Chatrabnous Navid Yazdani Kourosh Vahdati -
Open Access Article
584 - Effects of Pre-germination Treatment on the Phytate and Phenolic Contents of Almond Nuts
Liang Lin Lin Freda Xin You Giam Xin Min Foo Nadia Marie Hui Lian Yeo Charlene Jia Ling Koh Nur Hatika Binte Sa’Aban Wai Mun Loke -
Open Access Article
585 - Studies on inclusion complexes of 2-[Substituted arylideamino]-1, 3, 4-thiadiazino [6,5b]indole with β- Cyclodextrin
Sunakar Panda Jagat Tripathy -
Open Access Article
586 - Allelopathic Effects of Sorghum on Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.) Seed Germination and Growth
HOSSEIN MOKHTARI KARCHEGANI SEYEDEH ZAHRA HOSSEINI CICI SEYED ABDOLREZA KAZEMEINI -
Open Access Article
587 - The Role of Ascorbic Acid on the Antioxidants of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L) Grown and the Economic and Pharmacological Importance in Iraq
SAFAA WATHEQ JABBAR MOHAMMAD MIRZAEI HEYDARI -
Open Access Article
588 - Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Phenol Compounds under the Effect of Treatment withUV-C Irradiation
MEHRNOOSH KAHVAEI FARIBA KHALILI -
Open Access Article
589 - The Effect of Foliar Application of Iron and Proline Nanoparticles on Biochemical, Physiological and Agronomic Traits of Quinoa Plant in Different Cultivation Dates
RAHMAT SALEHI ABBAS MALEKI MOHAMMAD MIRZAEI HEYDARI ALIREZA RANGIN AMIR MIRZAEI -
Open Access Article
590 - بررسی اثر عصاره هیدروالکلی هسته انار بر شاخص های اسپرمی و سطح تستوسترون در موش های سوری نر
محمدرضا حسینچی توحید محمدیشایع ترین علت ناباروری مردان ناتوانی در تولید تعداد کافی اسپرم طبیعی می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر عصاره هیدروالکلی دانه انار بر سطح تستوسترون و برخی پارامترهای اسپرم در موشهای سوری نر بود. عصاره هیدروالکلی دانه انار با دوزهای 125، 250 و 500 میلیگرم در هر کیلوگر Moreشایع ترین علت ناباروری مردان ناتوانی در تولید تعداد کافی اسپرم طبیعی می باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر عصاره هیدروالکلی دانه انار بر سطح تستوسترون و برخی پارامترهای اسپرم در موشهای سوری نر بود. عصاره هیدروالکلی دانه انار با دوزهای 125، 250 و 500 میلیگرم در هر کیلوگرم وزن بدن به مدت 30 روز با تزریق داخل صفاقی تجویز شد. در پایان دوره 30 روزه درمان، سطح سرمی تستوسترون اندازه گیری شد. وزن بیضه ها و پارامترهای تعداد اسپرم، درصد زنده ماندن اسپرم ها، اسپرم های نابالغ و اسپرم های دارای DNA آسیب دیده اندازه گیری شد. افزایش وزن بیضه ها، تعداد اسپرم، درصد لقاح و کاهش درصد اسپرم های دارای آسیب DNA تنها در گروه تیمار با دوز 500 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن بدن معنی دار بود (0/05<P). همچنین افزایش سطح سرمی تستوسترون، درصد زندهمانی اسپرم و کاهش درصد اسپرمهای نابالغ در گروههای تیمار با دوز 250 و 500 میلیگرم بر کیلوگرم بر وزن بدن معنیدار بود (05/0>P). میتوان نتیجه گرفت که ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی و خواص آندروژنیک عصاره هیدروالکلی دانه انار میتواند باعث بهبود کیفیت پارامترهای اسپرم در موش های نر شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
591 - Protective effect of nanocurcumin on renal histological damage in salinomycin-induced toxicity of broiler chickens
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini Reza Sayrafi Saber Yousefi-Robati Abolfazl Akbari Alireza SalehiSalinomycin (SLM) is an ionophore antibiotic used extensively in the poultry industry for the control and prevention of coccidiosis. The toxicity of the ionophore is thought to be due to oxidative damage caused by the production of free radicals. Curcumin is a major com MoreSalinomycin (SLM) is an ionophore antibiotic used extensively in the poultry industry for the control and prevention of coccidiosis. The toxicity of the ionophore is thought to be due to oxidative damage caused by the production of free radicals. Curcumin is a major component of turmeric, which has a wide range of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanocurcumin (NC) as a natural antioxidant on broiler chickens poisoned with a toxic dose of SLM. In this study, 60 broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group was considered as control. The second group received SLM at a dose of 300 mg/kg bw per day for 14 days. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received oral doses of NC at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg bw per day for 14 days in addition to SLM. After 14 days, blood and kidney tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathological evaluation. It was observed that NC reduced the incidence and severity of renal histopathological lesions. The highest levels of inflammatory cells were observed in the cortex and medulla of the SLM group and it appeared that treatment with NC improved the condition and reduced the presence of inflammatory cells. It also significantly improved renal histomorphometric parameters (P<0.05). It seemed that SLM-induced adverse conditions can be reversed by oral administration of NC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
592 - Effect of Cadmium on Catalase (CAT) Antioxidant Enzyme and Dityrosine (D-T) Biochemical Biomarker in some Crop species
S. F. Mousavi D. Habibi A. Mozafari N. A. SajediIn order to study Effect of Cadmium on Ditirozin (D-T) Biochemical biomarker and Catalas (CAT) Antioxidant Enzyme in some Crop species the some Crop species, an experiment was conducted in experimental Greenhouse of Islamic Azad University of Karaj branch in 2009- MoreIn order to study Effect of Cadmium on Ditirozin (D-T) Biochemical biomarker and Catalas (CAT) Antioxidant Enzyme in some Crop species the some Crop species, an experiment was conducted in experimental Greenhouse of Islamic Azad University of Karaj branch in 2009-2010 year. The studies were carried out in a Factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replactions. The factors were Cd doses into soil at three levels 0, 40 and 80 (mg Cd/kg.dw soil) and Crop species at three levels, annual Alfalfa (Medicago rigidula), Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa ) and Canola (Barassica napus). Results showed that different Crop species and Cd doses into soil had highly significant effect on all of Experiment characteristics. Highest amount of Ditirozin (D-T) Biochemical Biomarker related to Canola (with 10.99 µMol/g.Fw) and lowest of this trait related to Hairy vetch (with 8.86 µMol/g.Fw). Highest amount of Catalase (CAT) Antioxidant Enzyme related to Alfalfa (with 55.79 U/mg.protein) and lowest of this trait related to Hairy vetch(with 52.77 U/mg.protein). With increase Cd Doses into soil, Ditirozin (D-T) Biomarker content was increased, but Catalas Antioxidant Enzyme was decreased. 80 (mg Cd/kg.dw Soil) doses with 11.72 (µMol/g.Fw) and 0 (mg Cd/kg.dw Soil) doses with 6.52 (µMol/g.Fw) were highest and lowest Ditirozin (D-T) Content, respectively. 0 and 80 (mg Cd/kg.dw Soil) doses with 63.30 (U/mg.protein) and 49.39 (U/mg.protein) were highest and lowest Catalas (CAT) Antioxidant Enzyme Content, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
593 - Effects of wastewater and foliar complete nutrient application on grain yield and antioxidant-enzymatic active on Setaria italica (L.)
M. Heidari P. JamshidianIn order to study the effects of wastewater irrigation and foliar complete nutrient on grain yield and antioxidant-enzymatic active on Setaria a field experiment was conducted at the University of Zabol in Iran during 2009 growing season. The statistical plan selected w MoreIn order to study the effects of wastewater irrigation and foliar complete nutrient on grain yield and antioxidant-enzymatic active on Setaria a field experiment was conducted at the University of Zabol in Iran during 2009 growing season. The statistical plan selected was split plot design with three replications. The treatments were comprised of three kinds of irrigation water (W1=well water and W2= domestic waste water+well water and W3= domestic waste water) in main plot and three foliar complete nutrient (F1=control, F2= 400 and F3= 800 gr/ha) in sub plot. Results showed that irrigation with wastewater and 800 gr/ha foliar complete nutrient significantly increased grain yield. In this study wastewater application decreased antioxidant-enzymatic activity of CAT, APX and GPX enzymes. Foliar complete nutrient except GPX enzyme decreased CAT and APX antioxidant-enzymatic activity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
594 - Kinetic Study of Free Radicals Scavenging by Saffron Petal Extracts
T. Ardalan P. Ardalan M. M. Heravi -
Open Access Article
595 - Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Patients with Breast cancer Compared with Healthy Subjects
Hosnie Hoseini Masoud Kerman Saravi Shirin Shahraki Azade Sarani Afsane Sarabandi -
Open Access Article
596 - Kinetic study of DPPH scavenging in the presence of mixture of Zinc and Vitamin C as an antioxidant
M. Momen Heravi B. Haghi A. Morsali P. Ardalan T. Ardalan -
Open Access Article
597 - Contents of Aerial Parts of Salvia leriifolia Benth
Zahra Hosseinpoor Mohsen Abadi Behnam Mahdavi Esmaeil Rezaei-Seresht -
Open Access Article
598 - Study of Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Cotoneaster medicus and Glycyrrhiza glabra Plants
M. M. Heravi S. Rodi P. Ardalan -
Open Access Article
599 - Effects of Green Tea Extract on Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Polyamide Packaging Film
Ali Asghar Barzegaran Maryam Jokar Majid Javanmard Dakheli -
Open Access Article
600 - Characterization of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Trachyspermum ammi Seed as a Potential Medicinal Plant
Hashem Akhlaghi Bhnam Mahdavi Hasan Rezaei -
Open Access Article
601 - Evaluation of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) Antioxidant Activity and Some of the Morphological Characteristics in Different Vermicompost Field
Z. Yavari H. Moradi H. Sadeghi B. Barzegar Golchini -
Open Access Article
602 - Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Vitex pseudo-negundo Seeds Collected from Northeastern Iran
Hashem Akhlaghi Sedighe Sadat Akhlaghi Seyed Abolfazl Mousavi -
Open Access Article
603 - Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Seed Extract on Oxidative Stability of Olive Oil
Sh. Chang A. Bassiri H. Jalali -
Open Access Article
604 - Changes of Enzymes Activity and Production of Secondary Metabolites of Artemisia aucheri in Different Altitudes and Its Relation to Adaptation
Hassan Zare-maivan Mohammad Hassan Khajehzadeh Faezeh Ghanati Mozaffar Sharifi -
Open Access Article
605 - Relationship of Sodium Nitroprusside with Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes of Canola under Lead Stress
Hossein Hamidi Nahid Masoudian Mostafa Ebadi Bostan Roudi -
Open Access Article
606 - Effects of Altitude on Some Physiological Characteristics of Sagebrush in Khorasan Province, Iran
Alireza Ekrami Nahid Masoudian Homa Mahmoodzadeh Bostan Roodi Mostafa EbadiThe present research aimed to investigate the effects of altitude on some physiological characteristics of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. Plant samples were taken from 15 areas in the Lakh Kuhik mountains. After determining the maps of work units, samples were taken systemati MoreThe present research aimed to investigate the effects of altitude on some physiological characteristics of Artemisia aucheri Boiss. Plant samples were taken from 15 areas in the Lakh Kuhik mountains. After determining the maps of work units, samples were taken systematically in each unit. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS. The highest and the lowest chlorophyll content were recorded at an altitude below 1200 m and above 1256 m, respectively. Dry and fresh weights were measured with a precision balance. The results indicated a direct relationship between the increase in plant Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ contents and altitude. However, there was no significant relationship between altitude and plant P3-. Extraction was performed using a rotary evaporator (rotovap). Physiological and antioxidant traits and chlorophyll content of the samples were determined using the standard method (i.e., by a spectrophotometer). Results indicated that altitude had significant effects on physiological traits as the highest antioxidant activity was observed in regions with mid-latitude regions (i.e., 1228 m). Overall, it can be concluded that antioxidant content was lower at higher altitudes, and the best quality could be obtained from higher altitude plants (i.e., 1256 m). Similarly, fresh and dry weights were higher at higher altitudes because cytokinin levels in plants increased with reductions in auxin levels. In the next step, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were assayed separately. The results revealed that the chlorophyll content declined at high altitudes due to the presence of shortwave radiation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
607 - Effects of Pre-harvest Salicylic Acid Treatment on the Post-harvest Quality of Peach Cultivar Robin
Ramin Salyari Esmaeil Seifi Feryal Varasteh Mahdi Alizadeh -
Open Access Article
608 - The Study of Antioxidant and Cellular Toxicity Effects of Methanol, Ethyl Acetate, Aqueous and n-Hexane Extracts of Symphytum Kurdicum Plant
Shiva Khalil_moghaddam Atousa Aliahmadi Nastaran Jalilian Mohamad Aref Tabad -
Open Access Article
609 - Investigation of Seed Germination, Early Growth and Physio-Biochemical Parameters of Canola Seedling Exposed to Co3O4 Engineered Nanoparticles
Malihe Jahani Ramazan Ali Khavari-Nejad Homa Mahmoodzadeh Sara Saadatmand -
Open Access Article
610 - Assessment of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress among Patients with Lymphoma
Hosnie Hoseini Parichehreh Yaghmaei Gholamrezagh Bahari Saeed Aminzadeh -
Open Access Article
611 - Assessment of Nutritional and Antioxidant Activity of Sport Drink Enriched with Spirulina platensis
Tahereh Sadeghi Mohammad Mehdi Marvizadeh Fateme Ebrahimi Shahrzad Mafi Omid Foughani Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi -
Open Access Article
612 - The Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Blood Markers in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia)
Mehran Arabi Hamid-Reza Naseri -
Open Access Article
613 - Oxidative Stress Responses and Toxicity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Seedlings
Ali Zareii Hossein Abbaspour Maryam Peyvandi Ahmad Majd -
Open Access Article
614 - Improving the Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Fish Floss Incorporated With Waste Cassava Leaves
Thidarat Poonsri Shima Jafarzadeh Fazilah Ariffin Norli Ismail Ziba Barati Sajid Latif Joachim Müller -
Open Access Article
615 - Mechanisms of Antioxidant Actions and their Role in many Human Diseases: A Review
Zahraa Kamil Kadhim Lawi Feryal Ameen Merza Shiama Rabeea Banoon Mohammed Abd Ali Jabber Al-Saady Aswan Al-Abboodi -
Open Access Article
616 - Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Two New Derivatives of Indeno-Benzofuran
shiva khalil_moghaddam Ashraf Sadat Shahvelayati Atousa Aliahmadi -
Open Access Article
617 - Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Colorant Extracted from Red Onion Skin
Sara Moosazad Peyman Ghajarbeigi Razzagh Mahmoudi Saeed Shahsavari Roghayeh Vahidi Ali Soltani -
Open Access Article
618 - The Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Salvia officinalis on Liver Tissue and Cu, Fe, Zn and Mg Elements in Male Rats
شهرزاد خاکپور مریم خسروی معصومه میرزائی محیا نجاریThe imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant can be the cause of oxidative stress.Oxidative stress induces different diseases and tissue damages. Isoniazid has been used for the purpose of producing free radicals. In the present study, we invest MoreThe imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant can be the cause of oxidative stress.Oxidative stress induces different diseases and tissue damages. Isoniazid has been used for the purpose of producing free radicals. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extract on blood elements such as Fe, Mg, Zn and Cu. In this study, 63 male rats were used and divided in 9 groups; in each group 7 rats were included. Isoniazid 50mg/kg was orally administered to rats continuously once per day for 28 days using a feeding atraumatic needle. The experimental groups received for 28 days,Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extract with the doses 100, 250 and 400 mg/kg intraperitoneally, and also some experimental groups were coadministered with different doses of the extract and isoniazid; the results of serum Fe, Mg, Zn and Cu were compared with the control and sham groups, as well. Also, the animal livers of all groups were separated and dissected for the histopathological studies. Zn and Cu were increased significantly in the treated-groups with Salvia officinalis, but the levels of Fe and Mg showed a significant decrease in the experimental groups treated with all the doses of Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extract. It seems that tannin and bitter compounds of Salvia officinalis hydroalcoholic extract are the main agents to alternate the blood element levels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
619 - The Effects of Malva sylvestris leaves on Sperm and Spermatogenesis of the C-57 Mice ر
زهرا نوحی زاده کاظم پریور نسیم حیاتی رودباریSeveral studies based on thousands of years of medicinal plant (Malva Sylvestris) is done. Species (Malvasilvestris L.), also known as panirak (Malvaceae), a special area is wet. In traditional medicine to treat cough, sore throat, stomach and used. The major components MoreSeveral studies based on thousands of years of medicinal plant (Malva Sylvestris) is done. Species (Malvasilvestris L.), also known as panirak (Malvaceae), a special area is wet. In traditional medicine to treat cough, sore throat, stomach and used. The major components of them are fatty acids, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, and terpenes and minerals. Because the contents of various antioxidants in the sperm cytoplasm and the amount of antioxidants more in sperm there, spermatozoa against oxidative stress (OS) due to the high concentration of active derivatives of oxygen (ROS) and lipid peroxidation foundation (LPO) to protect it. This natural antioxidant capacity in infertile patients is very low. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of leaf extracts of Mallow in the sperm and spermatogenesis. In this study, 12 adult male rats race of c- 57 were selected. The mice weighing were approximately 30-35 g and divided to two groups of six. The mice were divided into two groups: the experimental group treated with hydro-alcoholic extracts of Mallow leaves, the concentration of 2000mg / kg and the control group receiving ionized water. Gavage for 14 days with oral gavage needle was given. On the fifteenth day the rats were dissected and testes were collected and then processed pathology was examined. The results showed that the morphology of the cells changed and the number of primary spermatocytes and sperm cells (P ر Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
620 - The Effect of High-intensity Interval Training and High-Protein Diet on the Total Oxidant Status and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Cardiac Tissue of Obese Male Rats
Azin Ghane Hossein Abednatanzi Marziyeh Saghebjoo Mehdi HedayatiObesity causes oxidative stress and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Exercises and diet modification can affect oxidant and antioxidant factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-protein MoreObesity causes oxidative stress and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Exercises and diet modification can affect oxidant and antioxidant factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and high-protein diet (HPD) on total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and the ratio of TAC to TOS in the heart tissue of obese male rats. Forty 12-week-old obese male rats (Lee index above 310) were divided into five groups of eight including HIIT (5-12 intervals of 30 seconds with an intensity of 90% VO2max, 5 sessions per week, 10 weeks), HPD (about 57.5% of total calories from protein), HIIT+HPD, obese control-1 (OC-1) and obese control-2 (OC-2) and eight non-obese mice were also divided into the non-obese control (NC) group. became After 48 hours from the last intervention session, heart tissue was removed to measure TAC and TOS levels. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results showed that the TAC level of heart tissue in the HIIT, HPD, HIIT+HPD groups was significantly higher than in the OC-1 group. On the other hand, the TOS level of heart tissue was significantly lower in the HIIT and HIIT+HPD groups than in the HPD and OC-2 groups. Also, the ratio of TAC to TOS was significantly higher in the HIIT and HIIT+HPD groups compared to the OC-2 group. According to the results, a combination of HIIT and HPD improves TAC and TOS of heart tissue. It seems that HIIT together with HPD strengthens the antioxidant system and reduces oxidative stress in obesity conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
621 - Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Curcumin and Evaluation of its Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity
Elaheh Dianati Vida Hojati Jina Khayatzadeh Saeideh ZafarbalanejadBiocompatibility and stability of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized using plants due to their wide applications in biomedical, industrial, cell imaging and biosensors is an interesting research field in the arena of nanotechnology. The present study involve MoreBiocompatibility and stability of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized using plants due to their wide applications in biomedical, industrial, cell imaging and biosensors is an interesting research field in the arena of nanotechnology. The present study involved the synthesis of green stable zinc oxide nanoparticles using zinc acetate and aqueous extract of turmeric as a reducing agent. In this characterization study, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the synthesized nanoparticles were investigated by different methods. First, nanoparticles were synthesized by green method and the properties of synthesized nanoparticles were investigated using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Assessment of antioxidant activity was performed using DPPH free radical scavenging and cytotoxicity activity in fibroblasts by MTT method. The involvement of the bioactive compounds of curcumin in the stabilization of zinc oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by FTIR. FESEM electron microscopy showed irregular spherical, rod, and plate-like morphology with uneven surface. Antioxidant activities performed using the free radical scavenging method DPPH showed IC50 values higher than 500 μg/ ml. In addition, biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles showed significant toxic effects on fibroblasts in a concentration and time dependent manner. In general, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized through a sustainable, simple, and environmentally friendly green pathway using curcumin. Biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles showed antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
622 - The Study of Oxidative Stress-Dependent Changes Caused by Social Stress in Brain and Kidney Tissues
Irandokht Zeynaei Shahrbanoo Oryan Mohammadreza Vaezmahdavi Akram Eidi Mehrdad RoghaniThe effect of social stress on the occurrence of cardiovascular and mental diseases is obvious. In order to investigate the effect of these stresses on oxidative stress induction, and changes in the oxidant and antioxidant levels, the model for roommate change restricti MoreThe effect of social stress on the occurrence of cardiovascular and mental diseases is obvious. In order to investigate the effect of these stresses on oxidative stress induction, and changes in the oxidant and antioxidant levels, the model for roommate change restriction and observation in the presence of curcuma longa antioxidant was designed A total of 60 Wister rats were kept under standard conditions of temperature, light, and water. In the under-stress groups, each rat was provided with one third of its common food. The roommate change stress and observation were applied to two groups of these rats. Two groups of rates were fed by the food contained curcuma longa. These rats kept under defined conditions for each group for 4 months i.e., roommate change, observation, curcuma longa; food restriction, observation, roommate change, curcuma longa; control; control, curcuma longa. After the rats' maintenance period was completed, they were anesthetized with ether and their kidney and brain tissues were homogenized. Each of the given factors i.e., malon-dialdehyde, glutathione, nitric oxide, cathepsin D and lipofuscin was measured in tissues. The malon-dialdehyde level increased significantly both in brain and kidney in under-stress group. The level of nitric oxide and glutathione increased in brain, but the activity of cathepsin D and lipofuscin accumulation remained unchanged. Also the amount of nitric oxide and glutathione remained the same. The brain is more sensitive to MDA formation, but the amount of glutathione and nitric oxide is higher. Thus social stress induced changes do not occur equally in kidney and brain tissues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
623 - Investigating the Protective Effect of Thymoquinone on the Process of Spermatogenesis and Functional Indices of Sperm in White Rats Receiving Tricyclazole
Ramona Kasra kermanshahi Esmail Fattahi Seyed Gholam Ali Jorsaraei Sohrab Kazemi Maryam Gholami tabar tabariCompounds with antioxidant properties such as thymoquinone (TQ) significantly prevent changes resulting from the effect of toxic chemicals such as tricyclazole on visceral organs. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to use thymoquinone to prevent the destructiv MoreCompounds with antioxidant properties such as thymoquinone (TQ) significantly prevent changes resulting from the effect of toxic chemicals such as tricyclazole on visceral organs. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to use thymoquinone to prevent the destructive effects of tricyclazole on the process of spermatogenesis in male rats. In this experimental study, 42 male rats were randomly divided into 7 groups including: control group (no drug), sham group (10% solution of Tween 80), tricyclazole (20 mg/kg) group, thymoquinone (10 mg/kg) group, thymoquinone (20 mg/kg) group, tricyclazole (20 mg/kg) + thymoquinone (10 mg/kg) group, and tricyclazole (20 mg/kg) + thymoquinone (20 mg/kg) group. At the end of the treatment period, by preparing tissue sections from the testis, the cells of the spermatogenesis pathway were evaluated per unit area. According to the findings, the average number and motility of sperm and the number of spermatogonial cells in the thymoquinone 20 and thymoquinone 10 groups showed a significant increase compared to the tricyclazole group (p < 0.05); However, the number of Leydig cells in the thymoquinone 20 and thymoquinone 10 groups showed a significant decrease compared to the tricyclazole group (p < 0.05). The results of the study showed that thymoquinone, as a strong antioxidant, can partially compensate for the toxicity caused by tricyclazole on the spermatogenesis process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
624 - Evaluation of Antioxidant Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Line
Zahra Valipour Marjan Nouri Kazem Parivar Ehsan EhsaniToday, the use of nanoparticles in various fields is increasing. Cerium oxide nanoparticles are one of the types of nanoparticles that are widely used in the nanomedicine as an antioxidant. The specific antioxidant property of cerium oxide nanoparticles made us investig MoreToday, the use of nanoparticles in various fields is increasing. Cerium oxide nanoparticles are one of the types of nanoparticles that are widely used in the nanomedicine as an antioxidant. The specific antioxidant property of cerium oxide nanoparticles made us investigate its antioxidant effect on mesenchymal stem cell line derived from adipose tissue. After preparation and passage of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue, these cells were tested for oxidative stress with different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, which was checked by MTT test, treated and the amount of free radical ROS was measured. Then, the cells were treated with different concentrations of cerium oxide which checked by MTT test and the cell survival investigated by Annexin 5-propidium iodide test by flow cytometry to check apoptosis and finally the results were statistically analyzed. became. The greatest effect of hydrogen peroxide oxidative stress was calculated in 24 h at a concentration of 200 μM and the results of MTT were calculated to determine the IC50 of cerium oxide nanoparticles at a concentration of 100 μM/ml in 24 h. The results showed that this nanoparticle is not only non-toxic for these cells, but also increases their proliferation in certain concentrations. The results of the flow cytometry tests and the evaluation of the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles also showed that these nanoparticles have a good antioxidant capacity and the survival of cells treated with cerium oxide was similar to the group treated with vitamin C. This shows the effective and beneficial effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles and the potential of this compound in cell regeneration and survival. Based on these results, cerium oxide can be an improving factor in cell proliferation and cell therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
625 - The Effect of Turmeric Powder on the Histology and Antioxidant Status of Japanese Quail liver Exposed to Oral Cadmium
Omid KarimiPoultry diet contamination with cadmium (Cd) is both important in terms of economic losses due to reduced production and public health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of turmeric powder (TP) containing a certain amount of curcuminoids (2.96%) on Japanese quail MorePoultry diet contamination with cadmium (Cd) is both important in terms of economic losses due to reduced production and public health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of turmeric powder (TP) containing a certain amount of curcuminoids (2.96%) on Japanese quail exposed to dietary cadmium. 180 male Japanese quail from 22 to 55 days of age were divided into 6 groups and received, basal diet(BD), BD + 3 g/kg TP, BD + 5 g/kg TP, BD + 100mg/kg Cd, BD + 100 mg/kg Cd and 3 g/kg TP, and BD + 100mg/kg Cd and 5 g/kg TP. Cadmium contaminated diet significantly decreases SOD, CAT, and total antioxidant capacity and increasing MDA concentration in liver tissue. Cadmium induced hepatic histological lesions, including fatty change, hyperaemia, single hepatocyte necrosis, and leukocyte infiltration. Turmeric powder substantially increased antioxidant status and decreased the severity of liver histological lesions in a cadmium-contaminated diet (P <0.5). When 5 g/kg of turmeric powder was added to the cadmium-contaminated food, the deleterious effects of dietary cadmium in Japanese quail were reduced more effectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
626 - The Supplementation Role of Pumpkin Seed and Endurance Training on Oxidative Stress Syndrome of Fast-twitch Muscles in Male Rats Poisoned with Hydrogen Peroxide
Nahid Shokohirad Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah Nemati Vida HojatiThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of pumpkin seeds and endurance training on oxidative stress syndrome in fast-twitch muscle tissue in male rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide. For this purpose, a total of 48 adult male wistar rats weighing 220 ± MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of pumpkin seeds and endurance training on oxidative stress syndrome in fast-twitch muscle tissue in male rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide. For this purpose, a total of 48 adult male wistar rats weighing 220 ± 20 gr and at 8 weeks were administered in accordance with stress interventions (hydrogen peroxide), pumpkin seeds supplementation, and endurance training. In order to induce oxidative stress, intraperitoneal injection of H2O2 at a dose of 2 mmol/kg was performed three times a week every other day. Inoculation of pumpkin seeds was performed at 0.5 μg/day with intraperitoneal injection at a concentration of 300000 U/ml. The exercise groups daily exercised endurance training on a treadmill for 8 weeks, the endurance training protocol started at a speed of 8 m/min and the 10-degree gradient was started for 30 minutes on the treadmill in the first week and gradually increased to 20 m/min at an angle of 10 degrees for 60 minutes on the eighth week. For data analysis, repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferron's post hoc test were used at the level of =0.05. The results showed that training and receiving pumpkin seeds individually had significant effect on ATP concentration, ADP, ATP/ADP ratio, MDA and PAB of extensor finger muscle (fast-twitch) (p < /em> = 0.001). However, the interaction between training and pumpkin seeds had no significant effect on MDA (p < /em> = 0.56) and ATP/ADP ratio (p < /em> = 0.88), and extensor finger muscle (fast-twitch), but had significant effect on other variables (p < /em> = 0.001). Pumpkin seeds supplementation and endurance training can reduce oxidative stress in the body. Further research is required to be done on the supplementation of pumpkin seed and endurance training and its effects on oxidative stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
627 - Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties of Juniperus polycarpos Fruit Extract on MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell
Soheila Moeini Ehsan Karimi Ehsan OskoueianJuniperus polycarpos contains natural bioactive compounds that are used to produce anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drugs. For extraction, juniper berries were dried for 7 days, then methanol and HCL were added, stirred with a magnetic stirrer, and filtered through Wha MoreJuniperus polycarpos contains natural bioactive compounds that are used to produce anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drugs. For extraction, juniper berries were dried for 7 days, then methanol and HCL were added, stirred with a magnetic stirrer, and filtered through Whatman paper after distillation. To evaluate the antioxidant activity of juniper fruit extract, the DPPH method was used, and the adsorption rate of free radicals at 517 nm was read. Vitamin c was used as a standard antioxidant to determine the IC50 value of the extract. MCF7 breast cancer cells were cultured, and the cytotoxic effect of the extract was calculated after 48 hours by MTT assay. To determine the toxicity of the extract, the Balb/c mouse model was used. After treatment with doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, blood samples were taken to evaluate blood cell count changes. Isolation of the liver, kidney, intestine, and spleen tissues for morphological changes and Histology was performed. The antioxidant inhibitory percentage of juniper fruit extract at a 300 μg/ml concentration with DPPH and FRAP methods was 59.47 ± 2.25 and 63.19 ± 2.09%, respectively, and these values were lower than the standard amount of vitamin C used. 66.9 μg/ml of fruit extract was able to inhibit 50% of the growth of breast cancer cells within 48 hours. Blood and tissue cell analysis did not show significant changes in blood cell count and tissue morphological changes. The results showed the cytotoxic effect of the extract on breast cancer cells. On the other hand, the extract did not cause poisoning in the mouse model and did not significantly affect animal tissues and blood cells. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
628 - Evaluation of the Effect of Harmaline on the Serum Level of Liver Index Enzymes in a Model of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver of Male NMRI Mice
Tannaz Kowsari Moghadam Hanieh Jafary Parichehreh YaghmaeiRight now, one of the most common liver disorders is fatty liver, on the rise in the world today due to the poor lifestyle of those suffering from it. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the active ingredient of Peganum harmala, harmaline, on serum le MoreRight now, one of the most common liver disorders is fatty liver, on the rise in the world today due to the poor lifestyle of those suffering from it. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the active ingredient of Peganum harmala, harmaline, on serum levels of liver index enzymes in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver. In this study, 40 adult male NMRI mice were divided into five groups of 8, including control, HFD, sham (HFD received distilled water, a harmaline solvent.), harmaline receiving 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Harmaline was injected intraperitoneally for four weeks. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lipid profile (cholesterol, LDL, and HDL) were measured to assess liver function. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue were evaluated. Histological studies were performed using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining in liver tissue. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, cholesterol, LDL were significantly decreased in the groups treated with harmaline and the levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and SOD were significantly increased in the treated groups. HDL levels increased significantly in harmaline-treated groups. The results indicated the antioxidant properties of harmaline, one of the most important alkaloids of Peganum harmala.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
629 - Antidiabetic Potential of Saponin and β-carotene in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
Arezu Marefat Leila SadeghiDiabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and accompanied by some abnormalities in pancreatic and hepatic tissue. Previous studies approved some chemicals damaging the pancreatic tissue and disturbing insulin release such as alloxa MoreDiabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and accompanied by some abnormalities in pancreatic and hepatic tissue. Previous studies approved some chemicals damaging the pancreatic tissue and disturbing insulin release such as alloxan and streptozocin, besides creating diabetic signs like hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, its possible natural compounds used traditionally as antioxidant or anti-obesity have antidiabetic effects. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of oral administration of saponin and β-carotene on biochemical, immunological, and histological properties of pancreas related to alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Results confirmed hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia imposed by alloxan accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation and controlled by phytochemical treatment. Overall phytochemicals improved inflammation imposed by oxidative stress in alloxan-treated rats and decreased degeneration in pancreatic tissue leading to improved Langerhans islet and causing regular and normal release of insulin. Insulin triggers glucose and lipids absorbance and relives lipoprotein profile disruption seen in diabetic rats. By considering similarity between alloxan-induced diabetes in rats and diabetic patients, saponin and β-carotene or related chemically modified compounds could be used in lowering diabetes risk and treatment of patients suffering from diabetes or other metabolic disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
630 - The Effect of the in ovo Injection of Carbohydrates and Antioxidants into the Stored Incubating Eggs on Hatchability, Intestinal Morphology, Blood Parameters, Antioxidant Activity and Tissue Glycogen Store of Newly Hatched Chicks
Mohammad Naeim Asa Mohammad Chamani Seyed Naser Mousavi Ali-Asghar Sadeghi Farhad ForoudiThe present study was conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and antioxidants in the stored incubating eggs. To perform this experiment, 1200 hatching eggs from the broiler hens of Cob 500 strain were distributed after storage in two time MoreThe present study was conducted to investigate the effect of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and antioxidants in the stored incubating eggs. To perform this experiment, 1200 hatching eggs from the broiler hens of Cob 500 strain were distributed after storage in two time intervals of 3 and 14 days for amniotic injection on the 17.5th embryonic day in a completely randomized design with 10 treatments and 5 iterations (each iteration with 24 eggs). The experimental treatments include: 1) negative control (without injection), 2) positive control (injection of 0.5 ml normal saline solution), 3) injection of 0.5 ml carbohydrate solution, 4) injection of 0.5 ml antioxidant solution and 5) injection of 0.5 ml of a mixture of carbohydrate and antioxidant solution. The percentage of losses in the treatments of mixed carbohydrates and antioxidants in both periods was less than the control (P<0.05). Crypt depth and length-to-width ratio of intestinal villi, as well as the glycogen in the thigh muscle of the chickens hatched from the eggs injected with carbohydrates, a mixture of carbohydrates and antioxidants during two storage periods of 3 and 14 days, had a significant improvement compared to the control (P<0.05). Blood glucose concentration of the chickens hatched from the eggs injected with carbohydrates, antioxidants, and their mixtures with 3 days of storage had a significant increase compared to the control (P<0.05). Total antioxidant capacity in the chickens hatched from the eggs injected with antioxidants and 3 days of storage had a significant increase compared to the control (P<0.05). The results show that the injection of carbohydrates, antioxidants, and a mixture of carbohydrates and antioxidants in the pre-hatching period would be effective on the stored fertile eggs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
631 - Protective Effect of Magnesium Sulfate against Experimental Models of Gastric Ulcer in NMRI Mice
Roya Rostami Akram Eidi Pejman Mortazavi Shahrebano OryanGastric ulcers are common digestive disorders involving stomach mucosal lesions with worldwide prevalence. There are different reasons for peptic ulcers. One common reason among west societies is ethanol consumption. The aim of the present study is pretreatment by magne MoreGastric ulcers are common digestive disorders involving stomach mucosal lesions with worldwide prevalence. There are different reasons for peptic ulcers. One common reason among west societies is ethanol consumption. The aim of the present study is pretreatment by magnesium sulfate. In this study 66 male NMRI mice were randomly divided into 11 groups and the administered mice were followed up daily for 15 days. These groups include control group (intact), control ulcer group (ethanol 10 mg/kg), standard group (omeprazole 40 mg/kg and ethanol), experimental groups (magnesium sulfate 50, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg), and experimental ulcer groups (magnesium sulfate 50, 100, 200, 300 mg/kg and ethanol). At the end of the relevant period, the levels of oxidative stress parameters were biochemically evaluated. The results of this study revealed that the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in control ulcer group significantly decreased compared to the control group. Oral administration of magnesium sulfate produced no significant effect on catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in intact animals. Animals in experimental ulcer groups represented a great increase in catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels over the treatment by magnesium sulfate. Moreover, our results showed that the amount of malondialdehyde in control ulcer group was significantly increased compared to the control group. Pre-treatment with magnesium sulfate caused no significant change on the amount of malondialdehyde in control group, while the level of malondialdehyde was considerably decreased in experimental ulcer groups. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that a pretreatment with MgSO4 could notably reduce oxidative stress and gastric lesions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
632 - Effect of Vitamin E and the Type of Dietary Fat on performance and Meat Quality Traits of Japanese Broiler Quail
Mirhasan Biranvand Mohsen Mohamadisaei Behrouz Yarahmadi Karim Ghorbani Amin KazemizadehThis research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of vitamin E and the type of dietary fat on the growth performance and qualitative traits of meat of Japanese quail. The experiment was conducted with 320 one-day-old quails in the form of a completely rand MoreThis research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of vitamin E and the type of dietary fat on the growth performance and qualitative traits of meat of Japanese quail. The experiment was conducted with 320 one-day-old quails in the form of a completely randomized design with 20 experimental units including 5 treatments, 4 repetitions and 16 quail chicks (male and female) in each repetition. Experimental treatments include: 1. basic diet without vitamins and fat (control), 2. Basic diet containing 2% soybean oil, 3. Basic diet containing 2% tallow oil, 4. Basic diet containing 2% soybean oil and 200 mg/kg vitamin E 5. The basic diet contained 2% tallow oil and 200 mg/kg of vitamin E. The weight of the quails was measured at the end of each week and the feed consumed in each week was determined. On day 35, two birds were selected and slaughtered from each experimental unit and thigh and breast meat samples from both birds were used to evaluate meat quality parameters. The results showed that in the first and second week, fat and vitamin E did not affect the weight of the birds (p > 0.05). In the third, fourth and fifth week and the whole period, the level of 2% tallow oil and 200 mg of vitamin E caused an increase in the weight of the birds compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). In the third, fourth and fifth weeks, the lowest feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were observed in birds that received 2% level of tallow oil and soybean oil along with 200 mg of vitamin E. The effect of experimental treatments on pH, humidity, storage capacity and Malon dialdehyde was not significant (p > 0.05). In general, the use of 2% tallow oil along with 200 mg/kg of vitamin E in the diet of birds improved the growth performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
633 - The Effect of Linseed Oil and Ginger Powder on Production Performance and Egg Yolk Fatty Acid Profile in Broiler Chickens
Amin Kazemizadeh Khalil Mirzadeh Ali Aghaei Zarbakht Ansari PirsaraeiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil and ginger powder on production performance and egg yolk fatty acid profile in broiler hens during three periods of 28 days. Number 200 pieces of Ross 308 broiler chicken with 45 weeks of age and in a c MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil and ginger powder on production performance and egg yolk fatty acid profile in broiler hens during three periods of 28 days. Number 200 pieces of Ross 308 broiler chicken with 45 weeks of age and in a completely random factorial design (2×4) including 2 levels of ginger (zero and 1.5%) and two levels of flax (zero, 1, 2 and 3%) in 8 experimental treatments 5 replications of 5 hens per replication were performed. Only in the period of 28 to 56 and 56 to 84 days, egg production was affected by ginger powder and flax oil and their mutual effects (P<0.05). In the whole period, only ginger powder and the mutual effects of ginger powder and flax oil increased egg production (P<0.05). In none of the periods, linseed oil and the simultaneous effects of ginger powder and linseed oil had no effect on egg weight (P>0.05), and only the effects of ginger powder in the period 56 to 84 days were significant, which caused a decrease in egg weight (P<0.05). Egg mass measurement was affected by ginger powder and linseed oil and their simultaneous effects only in the period of 28 to 56 and 56 to 84 days and the whole period (P<0.05). Consumption of flaxseed oil and ginger powder and flaxseed oil at the same time led to a significant increase in egg yolk fatty acids and a significant decrease in the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 (P<0.05). In general, supplementing the diet of mother hens with 1.5% level of ginger and 2% level of linseed oil has a positive effect on production performance and egg yolk fatty acid profile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
634 - The Effect of Different Levels of Garden Thyme and Mint Powder on Production Performance and Egg Quality of Native Chickens
Arash Rostami Majid TaghianiThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of garden thyme and mint powder on production performance and egg quality of native chickens. The present experiment was conducted with 150 pieces of native chicken in the form of a complet MoreThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different levels of garden thyme and mint powder on production performance and egg quality of native chickens. The present experiment was conducted with 150 pieces of native chicken in the form of a completely random design with 5 treatments and 5 repetitions and 6 pieces of native chicken in each repetition. The experimental treatments are: treatment (A): basic diet without addition of garden thyme or mint (control treatment); treatment (B): adding 1% levels of garden thyme powder to the base diet; treatment (C): adding 1% of mint powder to the basic diet; treatment (D): adding 0.75% garden thyme powder along with 0.75% mint powder to the basic diet; and treatment (E): addition of 0.5% garden thyme powder along with 0.5% mint powder to the base diet. The results of the experiment showed that the percentage of egg production in the periods of 1-28, 28-56, 56-84 days and the whole production period of 1-84 days increased in the fifth treatment compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the weight of egg production in the periods of 1-28, 56-84 days and the whole production period of 1-84 days; However, in the period of 28-56 days, the level of birds that received 1% mint was higher (p < 0.05). The weight of the egg mass in all the tested laying periods in the birds receiving garden thyme and mint was higher than the control treatment (p < 0.05). The parameters of egg quality traits in birds receiving garden thyme and mint were significant compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Generally, the results of this experiment showed that the use of garden thyme and mint powder at the level of 0.5% of the basic diet of local chickens will improve the productivity and quality of eggs. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
635 - The Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Manganese on Antioxidant Activity, Liver Enzymes and Liver Histology in Reared Young Beluga (Huso huso)
Fatemeh Hemmati Hossein Khara Habib Vahabzadeh Roudsari Rezvanollah KazemiThis research aims to determine the effect of different amounts of dietary manganese on antioxidant activity, liver enzymes and, liver tissue of rearing young beluga (Huso huso) from October to December 2022 at the Dr. Beheshti Reproduction and Genetic Stock Restoration MoreThis research aims to determine the effect of different amounts of dietary manganese on antioxidant activity, liver enzymes and, liver tissue of rearing young beluga (Huso huso) from October to December 2022 at the Dr. Beheshti Reproduction and Genetic Stock Restoration Center of Sturgeon in Rasht, Guilan province. For this study, 180 pieces of beluga with an average initial weight of 266 ± 3.05 grams underwent a two-week adaptation period in the breeding environment, in six treatment groups and each treatment with three repetitions, with concentrations of 5 (Mn1), 10 (Mn2), 15 (Mn3), 20 (Mn4) and 25 (Mn5) mg of manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO4H2O) per kilogram of food and control treatment (Mn0) without adding manganese sulfate supplement were carried out in two months. At the end of each month, three pieces of fish were selected from each repetition, blood was collected and their livers were sampled for histological studies. The results revealed a significant difference in catalase and glutathione peroxidase levels among the experimental treatments (p<0.05) and their maximum amount was the control treatment fish, while superoxide dismutase levels did not differ significantly (p<0.05). Among the liver enzymes, Alkaline-phosphatase and aspartate-aminotransferase had a significant difference between the control treatment and other experimental treatments (p<0.05), but the alanine-aminotransferase enzyme had no significant difference (p<0.05). Also, different forms of tissue damage were observed in the liver tissue of all treatments, even the control (atrophy, biliary stagnation, Fat degeneration and, cellular necrosis). Based on the results of this research, the levels of 10-15 mg of dietary manganese could improve antioxidant activities, liver enzymes and reduce liver tissue damage in breeding young beluga. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
636 - A Review of the Therapeutic Effects of Salvia Species in Iran
Vida HojatiThe species of the Salvia genus from the mint family (Labiatae) are known as Maryam-Goli and have been used since ancient times due to their medicinal and therapeutic properties. 58 species of this genus have been identified in the country, some of which are native to I MoreThe species of the Salvia genus from the mint family (Labiatae) are known as Maryam-Goli and have been used since ancient times due to their medicinal and therapeutic properties. 58 species of this genus have been identified in the country, some of which are native to Iran. According to the many studies that have been done on this plant, the aim of this study is to review the scientific literature on the medicinal and therapeutic effects of salvia species in the fields of biology and medicine in recent two decades. It is recent. For this review research, using the keywords Sage and Salvia, 100 references including one thesis book (under the guidance of the author) and 99 articles (publications and congresses) from Iranian researchers through The databases of Islamic World Science Citation Center (ISC), Scopus and Scientific Information Database (SID) have been prepared and reviewed. Studies have been conducted on compounds and effective substances, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic and other different uses of the plant. Salvia plant has been used in the treatment of tumors, diabetes, Alzheimer's, anxiety, depression, ischemia, wound healing, liver, kidney, sexual, thyroid, mouth and gum diseases, menstruation, menopausal hot flashes, and its very useful and positive effects are scientifically proven. It has been proved. Due to the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, Salvia species play a major role in the prevention and treatment of complications caused by oxidative stress and many diseases. Also, due to their cheapness and few side effects, they are considered safe treatments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
637 - Effect of Methanol Extract of Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris) on Growth Performance, Body Chemical Compositions and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus 1758)
P. Akbary Z. VidadiIn this study, the effect of methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris (MET) in different treatments containing control group (without using plant extract), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g MET/kg diet on growth performance, body chemical composition and activity of oxidant enzymes of gr MoreIn this study, the effect of methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris (MET) in different treatments containing control group (without using plant extract), 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g MET/kg diet on growth performance, body chemical composition and activity of oxidant enzymes of grey mullet Mugil cephalus were investigated in triplicate for 60 days. Twenty water tanks and 20 fish with initial average weight of 8.42 ± 0.43 g were stored per 60 liters. At the end of the experiment, the results showed that there was no significant difference in growth parameters (FW, BWG, PER, SGR and CF), between all treatments and control group (p > 0.05). Increased survival rates were observed in treatments 3 and 4 compared to the control treatment. The crude protein and moisture of treatment 4 significantly increased compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). The crude fat significantly decreased in treatments 3 and 4 compared to control and treatment 2 (p < 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) enzymes have been increased more significantly in treatment 4 compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the malondialdehyde (MDA) value was lower in all treatments compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). MDA value has been the lowest in treatments 3 and 4 compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Hence, based on the results, in order to reduce lipid oxidation and improve the carcass duality and survival status of fish, it is recommended to use 15 g methanol extract of Tribulus terrestris/kg diet of grey mullet fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
638 - The Effect of Skullcap Supplementation after a Session of Simulated Karate Activity on Some Antioxidant Indicators, Oxidative Stress and Selected Muscle Damage in Elite Karate Athletes
Mohammad Reza Fazli Reza Gharakhanlou Mohammad Shariatzadeh JoneydiKarate is considered as one of the most intense and challenging exercise due to its intensity and types of activities. In these activities, the body is inflicted by the number of injuries and its antioxidant capacity is disturbed. Therefore, the present study was aimed MoreKarate is considered as one of the most intense and challenging exercise due to its intensity and types of activities. In these activities, the body is inflicted by the number of injuries and its antioxidant capacity is disturbed. Therefore, the present study was aimed at assessing the responses of muscle damage markers, oxidative stress and plasma antioxidant enzymes to the simulated karate activities and supplementation of skullcap plant in the elite karate athletes. Twenty-four eligible elite karate athletes were randomly assigned to two groups, consisting of placebo-activity group (n=12) and skullcap-activity group (n=12). The considered activities were based on the World and European Karate Championships programs. First, blood samples were taken from research groups at the rest and then desired activities were performed by athletes. Next, the second blood sampling was taken, immediately after the activity and after that, the subjects in placebo and skullcap groups received 500 mg of placebo and skullcap capsules, respectively. The third blood samples were taken one hour after that and the fourth blood sampling was two hours after taking the supplement. Finally, plasma was removed from the blood and CK, LDH, MDA, GPx, TAC, and SOD indicators were measured.Results showed that the indicators of muscle damage and oxidative stress significantly increased (p < 0.001) immediately after simulated karate activates and decreased during the recovery period as well, while these changes were higher in supplement group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, antioxidant indicators have significantly increased after the activities, and this increase was at a higher level (p < 0.05) throughout the recovery period in the supplement group. The results of the present study showed that skullcap supplementation increased antioxidant indicators in the recovery period and decreased muscle and oxidative damage factors. Therefore, this plant can be recommended as a supplement to reduce damages, stress, and fatigue for karate athletes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
639 - Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Oxidative Stress in Adult Female Wistar Rats
N. Nowrozi E. Samani Jahromi S. Zolghadri JahromiWe aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of silver nanoparticles on oxidative stress in adult female of Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 50 adult female of Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group (no treatment), sham group (0.2 mg/k MoreWe aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of silver nanoparticles on oxidative stress in adult female of Wistar rats. In this experimental study, 50 adult female of Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group (no treatment), sham group (0.2 mg/kg physiology serum), experimental group 1 (50 mg/kg isoniazid), experimental group 2 (50 mg/kg isoniazid and 0.25 mg/kg silver nanoparticles) and the experimental group 3 (50 mg/kg isoniazid and 0.5 mg/kg silver nanoparticles) were given. All injections were prescribed for 15 d and isoniazid and silver nanoparticles were injected in gavage and intraperitoneally, respectively. Then all animals were anesthetized and blooded. In the end, the data were examined by ANOVA test at a significance level of P<0.05 using SPSS software. Isoniazid increases nitric oxide, reduces glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant capacity. While treating the animals with silver nanoparticles reduced the side effects of oxidant-induced by isoniazid, with decreasing nitric oxide, increased glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity by reducing nitric oxide production and increasing glutathione peroxidase activity oxidative, silver nanoparticle prevent from oxidative damages and the destruction of red blood cell (RBC) membrane. In other words, the tests showed the antioxidant role of silver nanoparticles as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
640 - Effect of Pomegranate Supplementation on Antioxidant Status in Young Women after Heavy Resistance Exercise
Babak Hooshmand Moghadam Sirous ChoobinehToday, researchers are attracted to focus on the prevention of production of free radicals, and the consumption of antioxidants, especially polyphenols. Therefore we aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) MoreToday, researchers are attracted to focus on the prevention of production of free radicals, and the consumption of antioxidants, especially polyphenols. Therefore we aimed to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in young women after a session of heavy resistance exercise. In this quasi-experimental design, 20 young women with the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received 250 ml normal pomegranate juice daily and the second received 250 ml of placebo for two weeks each day. After two weeks, both groups participated in a session of heavy resistance exercise. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the study after 12 h of fasting. TAC and MDA were measured by TBARS and FRAP reactions respectively, then analyzed by independent t-test at P≤0.05 level. Pomegranate juice supplementation group had a significant increase in the TAC after heavy resistance exercise (P =0.038). However, this change was not significant in the placebo group. MDA in pomegranate juice supplementation group showed a significant decrease after heavy resistance training (P=0.016). This change was not significant in the placebo group. Taking supplements two weeks of heavy resistance exercise can improve total anti-oxidative capacity and reduce lipid peroxidation in young women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
641 - The Effect of Lycopene Supplement on Oxidative Stress and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Obese Men after Resistance Exercise
B. Hooshmand moghadam M. EskandariThe effect of supplementation with lycopene (tomato juice) on the TAC and MDA in obese men after resistance exercise was examined. In this study, 20 obese men (BMI ≥ 30) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: placebo (n = 10) and supplements (n = 10). Group sup MoreThe effect of supplementation with lycopene (tomato juice) on the TAC and MDA in obese men after resistance exercise was examined. In this study, 20 obese men (BMI ≥ 30) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: placebo (n = 10) and supplements (n = 10). Group supplements daily for two weeks 2 tablets of 200 mg lycopene and the placebo group the amount received placebo. Then the two groups participating in resistance exercise and venous blood samples at three stages: before supplementation (2 wk before the activity), before, and 24 h after the exercise was collected. The TAC and MDA concentration of biomarker in the supplement group were respectively increased and decreased significantly in the placebo group over time (P≤0.05). Supplementation with spirulina could increase plasma antioxidant capacity and reduce oxidative stress in obese men after resistance exercise. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
642 - The effect of application of vermicompost and salicylic acid on activity of antioxidant enzymes and yield of milk thistle (Silybum Marianum L.) in different irrigation conditions
Morteza Shalalvand Alireza Pazoki Reza Monem Majid AbdoliIn order to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods on yield and some physiological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under using of vermicompost and salicylic acid, a field experiment was conducted MoreIn order to investigate the effects of different irrigation methods on yield and some physiological characteristics and activity of antioxidant enzymes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under using of vermicompost and salicylic acid, a field experiment was conducted as split-factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates on Shahr-e-Rey station during 2014-15 growing seasons. Irrigation methods as the main factor were conducted on four levels (including drip irrigation, basin irrigation, furrow irrigation, and alternate middle irrigation) and using of vermicompost on two levels (0 and 15 ton/ha) and application of salicylic acid on two levels (0 and 1 mM) were performed as minor factors. The results showed the highest activity of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase were observed in alternate middle irrigation with the combined consumption of vermicompost and salicylic acid and the lowest them activity in drip irrigation. The amount of malondialdehyde was higher in alternate middle irrigation than drop irrigation and application of vermicompost and salicylic acid simultaneously was decreased amount of malondialdehyde. Also, the highest seed yield and chlorophyll content were observed in drip irrigation with the combined consumption of vermicompost and salicylic acid. The results of this study showed that consumption of vermicompost and salicylic acid has a role in eliminating the negative effects of stress, and can improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increase the yield of milk thistle plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
643 - The effect of cold stress on the activity of malon di-aldehyde, peroxidase and catalase enzymes in several species of thyme
milad moshavegh saadollah houshmand Mohamad rabieiChilling stress is an abiotic stress including meteorological dynamics that happens at low temperatures. Chilling stress was introduced as the most important limiting factor in tropical and subtropical plants. In antioxidant activity, catalase, malon di-aldehyde and per MoreChilling stress is an abiotic stress including meteorological dynamics that happens at low temperatures. Chilling stress was introduced as the most important limiting factor in tropical and subtropical plants. In antioxidant activity, catalase, malon di-aldehyde and peroxidase enzymes were treated at temperatures of 20 ° C (control), zero degrees and 5 ° C in three Thymus vulgaris, Thymus daensis and Thymus kotschyanus thyme cultivars. The composite analysis was carried out with 3 replications. The results showed that there was a significant variation among the Thymus cultivars in terms of how to respond to temperature stresses, and the rate of enzyme changes in each of 3 significant factors justifying the role protecting them against environmental changes. Only in the amount of activity of catalase activity, the interaction of cultivars with treated temperatures was not particularly significant at 20 ° C (control) and zero degree, indicating the equality of the mode of reaction of thyme cultivars to the two treated temperatures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
644 - The effects of various concentrations of ginger hydro-alcoholic extract on specific parameters of sperm fertility in rooster
soheil hemmaty alireza paymard fatemeh ramezaniMedicinal Plants with antioxidant properties can improve the quantitative and qualitative specific indices of sperm fertility and increase hatchability rate in rooster by disturbing the production process of free radicals and neutralizing of oxidative stress. The aim of MoreMedicinal Plants with antioxidant properties can improve the quantitative and qualitative specific indices of sperm fertility and increase hatchability rate in rooster by disturbing the production process of free radicals and neutralizing of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various concentrations of ginger extract Specific parameters of sperm in roster. In this study, hydroalcoholic extracts of knotgrass was prepared in Golpaygani roosters. In this study, hydro-alcoholic extract of ginger plant was prepared at concentrations of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L and was added to drinking water of 36 adult male (32 weeks old) Golpaygani cock. After two week, the effect of different concentrations of the extract on the specific indices of sperm fertility (SMI, FSC, PMSCa, PMSCb and MSC) were evaluated and compared. The papenicular staining was also used to specific evaluation of sperm abnormalities. The use of ginger extract significantly improved the sperm fertility indices. The most number of sperm with fast progressive movements (PMSCa), the highest levels of SMI, FSC and MSC indices, the least structural and motility abnormalities was demonstrated in 1000 and 2000 mg extract (P≤0.05). Significant differences were not observed between the two above-mentioned intermediate and high concentrations in some parameters (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in above indices between medium and high concentrations of extract . In conclusion, ginger , due to the high amounts of antioxidant compounds, significantly increases the sperm indices and also improves the specific parameters of sperm fertility in rooster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
645 - The effects of various concentrations of polygonum hydro-alcoholic extract on specific indices of sperm fertility in rooster
soheil hemmaty alireza paymard majid gholamiMedicinal Plants with antioxidant properties can improve the quantitative and qualitative specific indices of sperm fertility and increase the hatchability rate in rooster by disturbing the production process of free radicals and neutralizing of oxidative stress. The ai MoreMedicinal Plants with antioxidant properties can improve the quantitative and qualitative specific indices of sperm fertility and increase the hatchability rate in rooster by disturbing the production process of free radicals and neutralizing of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various concentrations of ginger extract on biological parameters and specialized indices of sperm fertility in Golpaygani roosters. In this study, hydro-alcoholic extract of polygonum plant was prepared at concentrations of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/L and was added to drinking water of 36 adult male (32 weeks old) Golpaygani cock. After one week, the effect of different concentrations of the extract on the specific indices of sperm fertility (SMI, FSC, PMSCa, PMSCb and MSC) were evaluated and compared. The papenicular staining was also used to specific evaluation of sperm abnormalities. The use of polygonum extract significantly improved the sperm fertility indices. The most number of sperm with fast progressive movements (PMSCa), the highest levels of SMI, FSC and MSC indices, the least structural and motility abnormalities was demonstrated in 1000 and 2000 mg extract (P≤0.05). Significant differences were not observed between the two above-mentioned intermediate and high concentrations in some parameters (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in above indices between medium and high concentrations of extract (P>0.05). In conclusion, polygonum , due to the high amounts of antioxidant compounds, significantly increases the sperm indices and also improves the specific parameters of sperm fertility in rooster. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
646 - Screening of volatiles of Allium tripedale Trautv. and evaluation of the biological activities of its methanol extract
Majid Mohammadhosseini Behnam Mahdavi Mousa GholamiIn this report, the volatile profiles from the flowers, leaves, stems and roots of Allium tripedale Trautv. have been characterized using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Accordingly, high quantitie MoreIn this report, the volatile profiles from the flowers, leaves, stems and roots of Allium tripedale Trautv. have been characterized using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Accordingly, high quantities of non-terpene hydrocarbons have been identified as the major constituting groups of all the relevant chemical profiles. The impact of the experimental variables has also been optimized using Design-Expert software. In addition, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the methanol extract of the plant material have been determined. The results of this study revealed that this plant can be considered a potent antioxidant and antibacterial agent, serving as an alternative to chemical drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
647 - The effect of mycorrhizal fungi, water stress and year on flower yield and some characteristics of medicinal plant of Borage (Borago officinalis L.) in Yasouj region
Ali RahimiIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal MoreIdentifying the critical time and timing of plant irrigation based on a precise and basic plan is the key to water conservation, improvement of irrigation operations and plant tolerance to water shortage in agriculture. In recent years, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have been used in many plants to deal with dehydration and drought stress. In this regard, an experiment was conducted as split-plot in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Yasuj region at years 2015 and 2016. Water stress was considered as the main factor in the form of irrigation after 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of evaporation from the evaporation pan class A and mycorrhizal fungus was considered as a secondary factor in the form of no application, application of Glomus mosseae and application of Glomus intraradices. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and mycorrhizal fungi on flower phosphorus, flower yield, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage was significant. In irrigation levels after 60, 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan, the use of mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices compared to the absence of fungi respectively increased the yield of plant flowers (30.04% and 27.35 %), (90.2% and 90.98%), (93.21% and 94.1%) and (81.73% and 78.86%), also, at these levels of irrigation, biological yield and water use efficiency of Borage flower achieved a significant increase in the presence of mycorrhizal fungus, compared to the absence of mycorrhizal fungus application. Application of both strains of mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices in irrigation levels after 90, 120 and 150 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan compared to no application of mycorrhizal fungus, respectively, resulted in a significant increase in the harvest index of Borage flower (44.55% and 43.36%), (13.21% and 15.96%) and (5.6% and 5.41%) and flower phosphorus (44.69% and 20.45%), (150% and 125%) and ( 267.74% and 235.48%). Mycorrhizal fungus was able to moderate the negative effects of drought stress and increase the above-mentioned traits in those irrigation levels, and based on the results of this study, irrigation treatment after 90 mm of water evaporation from the evaporation pan + the use of Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal fungi is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
648 - Evaluation of growth, physiological and biochemichal responses of Alnus subcordata endemic seedling to drought stress
Mokaram Ravanbakhsh babak babakhani mahmood ghasemnezhadThis study investigates the effect of drought stress on the morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey., an endemic wood species to Hyrcanian forests. The experimental design was completely randomized on one-year seedlings and MoreThis study investigates the effect of drought stress on the morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of Alnus subcordata C. A. Mey., an endemic wood species to Hyrcanian forests. The experimental design was completely randomized on one-year seedlings and four levels of drought stress (25% (severe stress), 50% (moderate stress), 75% (mild stress) and 100% (no stress) of crop capacity. The results showed that drought reduced the growth and biomass of seedlings. The decrease in severe stress treatment compared to the control in seedling height, basal diameter, total biomass, leaf area and specific leaf area were 41.8, 40, 72.4, 91.9 and 49.6% respectively. The root to shoot ratio showed an increase of 53.3%. With the increase of stress, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b decreased by 50% and carotenoid decreased by 38.4%. The relative water content of the seedlings decreased by 33.50 and 24.9% in severe and moderate stress compared to the control treatment. The percentage increase of proline and malondealdehyde in the stress treatment compared to the control treatment was 169.8% and 142.7%, respectively. The activity of superoxide dismutase increased by 25% and 36% and peroxidase by 140% and 148% respectively in the mild and moderate stress treatment. The result showed that Caucasian alder seedling (a rather drought-sensitive species) could coped with drought in mild and moderate treatment by tolerance mechanisms such as reducing growth and biomass, increasing of the root to shoot ratio, reducing photosynthetic pigments and relative increasing in enzyme activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
649 - Effect of Bio-stimulator Fosnutren and Humiforte on some morphophysiological and phytochemical traits of Garden Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) under water deficit
Elham Danaee Vahid AbdossiWater stress is one of the most important environmental factors limiting the growth and yield of plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Bio-stimulants are biological substances that stimulate metabolism and metabolic processes to increase plant efficiency. To MoreWater stress is one of the most important environmental factors limiting the growth and yield of plants, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Bio-stimulants are biological substances that stimulate metabolism and metabolic processes to increase plant efficiency. To investigate the effects of low water stress and bio-stimulants of Fosnutren and Humiforte on some morphophysiological and phytochemical traits of thyme, a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 3 replications in 2020 performed in greenhouse conditions. Therefore, the seedlings obtained from seed cultivation after two weeks of transfer to the pot, were exposed to dehydration stress treatments (25, 50, 75 and 100% of field capacity). Foliar application of plants with Fosnutren and Humiforte (5 ml) was performed three times and once every 15 days. The desired traits were evaluated 15 days after the last treatments. The results showed that increasing the levels of low water stress (25 and 50% of field capacity) caused a significant decrease in growth indices, chlorophyll content, total antioxidant percentage and essential oils and increase in proline content. Simultaneous treatment of drought and bio-stimulants of Fosnutren and humiforte with significantly reduced oxidative stress due to dehydration improved the evaluated traits except the amount of proline. The highest percentage of essential oil (2.34%) in Fosnutren foliar spraying and was obtained at 75% field capacity. In general, foliar application of Fosnutren and Humiforte reduced the negative effects of dehydration in thyme. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
650 - Investigating the Effect of Using Vitamin AD3E on the Reproductive Performance of Afshari Sheep
M. Eisapour S. Yousefizadeh M. Shamsollahi F. Fatahnia Y. MohammadiNutrition during mating is one of the most important factors affecting the reproductive performance of ewes. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of vitamin AD3E injection around mating on body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), plasma hormones MoreNutrition during mating is one of the most important factors affecting the reproductive performance of ewes. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of vitamin AD3E injection around mating on body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), plasma hormones, minerals, metabolites, vitamins, anti-oxidant enzymes and reproductive performance of Afshari ewes. Eighty-eight Afshari ewes were divided into 2 groups (n=44) based on age (2-4 years), BW (average 40 kg) and BCS (mean 2.75) and assigned randomly to one of the two experimental treatments. Experimental treatments consisted of control (C; no vitamin AD3E injection) and AD3E injection (AD3E) groups. Ewes in AD3E group received 5 mL of vita-min AD3E solution subcutaneously at the beginning of the experiment, the day of CIDR insertion, the day of CIDR removal, and one week after mating. Two weeks after the start of the experiment, the estrous cy-cles of all ewes were synchronized using intravaginal 12-day CIDRs. The BW, BCS and plasma minerals and metabolites concentrations of ewes did not influence by experimental treatments (P>0.05). Ewes re-ceived AD3E had lower estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) and higher testosterone concentrations at the day of CIDR removal (P0.05) between the treatment groups in reproductive outcomes including estrous response, fertility rate, lambing rate, twining rate and lamb sex and birth weight. These results indicated that vitamin AD3E injection around mating improved antioxidant enzyme status but had no significant effect on reproductive performance of Afshari ewes. Further researches are needed to evaluate the effect of different levels of vitamin AD3E injection around mating on reproductive performance of Afshari ewes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
651 - Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of aqueous extracts of Vitex agnus cactus L. and Cymbopogon nardus L. against carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats
Fatima El Kamari Driss Ousaaid Laila Lahrizi Abdelfettah El Moussaoui Badiaa LyoussiVitex agnus cactus and Cymbopogon nardus are widely used in traditional and conventional medicine as natural anti-inflammatory agents. Within this framework, the current study was undertaken to examine in vivo the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of aqueous extra MoreVitex agnus cactus and Cymbopogon nardus are widely used in traditional and conventional medicine as natural anti-inflammatory agents. Within this framework, the current study was undertaken to examine in vivo the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of aqueous extracts of the leaves and seeds of V. agnus cactus and C. nardus. In this relation, aqueous extracts were prepared from the leaves and fruits of V. agnus cactus and the leaves of C. nardus. The inflammatory process was induced using the carrageenan method. The analysis of the obtained results revealed that the aqueous extract of leaves of V. agnus cactus exhibited the highest antioxidant content (80.22 ± 11.7 mg GAE/g for TPC, 72.14 ± 9 mg RE/g for TFC, 680 ± 19.6 mg QE/g for flavones and flavonols, 355.33 ± 23.36 mg AAE/g for TAC, 0.33 ± 0.04 mg/mL for IC50-DPPH, and 0.97 ± 0.04 mg/mL for EC50-FRAP) and anti-inflammatory effect with dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that these plants have the potential to alleviate pain and inflammation when used for therapeutic purposes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
652 - Simultaneous optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam aerial parts using response surface methodology
Zineb El Jabboury Smail Aazza Driss Ousaaid Oumaima Chater Uroš Gašić Peđa Janaćković Zora Dajic Stevanovic Stefan Kolašinac Meryem Benjelloun Lahsen El GhadraouiIn this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solven MoreIn this report, different extracts from the aerial parts of Ammi visnaga (L.), e.g., flowers, leaves, and stems were prepared using water, methanol, and ethanol. To optimize the extraction process, the design of mixtures was carried out using different extracting solvents and their combinations. The special cubic model explained the variance of the TPC and the antioxidant activity of the extracts at a level of R2 > 95%. In general, the analysis of the model-derived response surfaces revealed that in binary mixtures (50% ethanol + 50% methanol), the yielded values of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity increase with the water proportion of different prepared mixtures. The ability of the quaternary mixture to extract the phenolic compounds was also positively and significantly influenced by the water content, creating a mild polar medium for the extraction of phenolic compounds. The phenolic profile of different extracts under study revealed the presence of a cocktail of active ingredients, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, p-coumaric acid, etc. especially the flower extract of A. visnaga (L.). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
653 - A comparative study on the extracts from the fruits of Ficus auriculata L.: GC-MS profiling, phytochemical composition, biological activities and in-silico ADMET study
Garima Tamta Nisha Mehra Shishir Tandon Viveka Nand Manish Pant Vinita GouriFicus auriculata L., commonly known as, “elephant ear fig” is a species of fig tree in Moraceae family and globally found in tropical and subtropical forests. The present comparative study investigated the GC-MS analysis, phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant MoreFicus auriculata L., commonly known as, “elephant ear fig” is a species of fig tree in Moraceae family and globally found in tropical and subtropical forests. The present comparative study investigated the GC-MS analysis, phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant assays and antidiabetic activity of methanol and hexane extracts from the fruits of Ficus auriculata which was collected from two different agro-climatic conditions in Uttarakhand, namely Almora (Hill region) and Haldwani (Tarai region). The GC-MS analysis of Almora unripe hexane fruit extract (AUFHE) and Haldwani unripe hexane fruit extract (HUFHE) gave rise to the characterization of two chemical profiles composed of 37 and 40 bioactive compounds with γ-sitosterol (15.46% and13.44%) as the most abundant component, respectively. Moreover, in Almora unripe methanol fruit extract (AUFME) and Haldwani unripe methanol fruit extract (HUFME), 24 and 23 bioactive compounds were characterized among which linoleic acid (71.41%) and hexadecadienoate (26.42%) were the most prevalent compounds, respectively. In view of the obtained results, HUFME exhibited prominent total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin contents. AUFME also showed potent antioxidant activity when using DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity assay (IC50 =447.45 ± 0.53 µg/mL), whereas strong metal chelation assay was found for HUFHE (IC50= 502.07 ± 2.50 µg/mL). Furthermore, AUFME and HUFME displayed potent anti-diabetic activity. In addition, ADMET study predicted that F. auriculata could be considered an effective bioactive source of phytoconstituents for various biological efficacies. The observed pharmacological properties could be attributed to the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids and fatty acids in F. auriculata fruit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
654 - Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid and zinc oxide on growth, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes in tomato plants
fatemeh pezham Zahra Oraghi Ardebilli علیرضا لادن مقدم الهام دانائیThis study was conducted to investigate the growth and physiological responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to long-term foliar application of zinc oxide (ZnO) and salicylic acid (SA) in low concentration. This experiment was carried out under the pot conditi MoreThis study was conducted to investigate the growth and physiological responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to long-term foliar application of zinc oxide (ZnO) and salicylic acid (SA) in low concentration. This experiment was carried out under the pot conditions in cocopeat and perlite medium and Hoagland's nutrient solution was used to irrigate tomato seedlings. Tomato seedlings were sprayed with two concentrations (0 and 5 mg/l) zinc oxide and/or two dose (0 and 5 mg/l) of salicylic acid with three-day intervals during two months. Single and combined foliar application of salicylic acid and zinc oxide improved plant growth and fruit fresh weight. The applied treatments increased plant height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and fruit fresh weight. Individual and combined treatments of salicylic acid and zinc oxide also significantly increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, including chlorophyll a (Chla), Chlb, and carotenoids. A significant increase in the activity of catalase enzyme was recorded due to the foliar spray of zinc oxide and salicylic acid, especially the combined treatment. Peroxidase enzyme activity also showed an increasing trend in response to foliar application of zinc oxide and salicylic acid. Overall, this study provided physiological evidence on how the application of ZnO and salicylic acid in appropriate concentration can improve primary metabolism and antioxidant system. It is obvious that performing further researches, especially at molecular levels, can improve our knowledge in the field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
655 - Studying the priming impact with distilled water and salicylic acid on the enzymatic anti-oxidant and the infusion of hemp germination
شيرين کربلای قلیزاده tooraj mir-mahmoodi نبي خليلي اقدمSalicylic acid has significant role in the different stages of plant development ( phenology ). This molecular messenger plays an active role in the plant's defensive response. To elaborate this, studying morpho-physiologic and biochemical, salicylic acid priming ( SA ) MoreSalicylic acid has significant role in the different stages of plant development ( phenology ). This molecular messenger plays an active role in the plant's defensive response. To elaborate this, studying morpho-physiologic and biochemical, salicylic acid priming ( SA ) impacts in 6 levels ( 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, and 1750 micromullar per litre )together with hydro-priming and control on the hemp seeds in the complete random blocks in 4 replications in the laboratory and greenhouse setting was designed and carried out. The results indicated the meaningful impact of the priming seeds of the hemp, with SA and distilled water on the antioxidant ( CAT, POD ), the significant indexes of germination ( P<0.05 ), and biologic yield of ( P<0.05 ). With the increase of the levels SA, biological yield had ascending process, and in the highest SA level, it showed 43 percent increase in relation to control. Therefore the usage of external SA increased the germination, better establishment of plantlet and improvement of significant indexes in plant physiology specifically in the primary stages of growth which had influence on the biological yield of the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
656 - The effect of temperatur and seed moistuer content on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics of Borage (Borago officinalis L.)
Farzane Bagheri rasoul fakhari Parisa Sheikhzadeh Nasser Zare Mahrokh BolandiThis research was carried out to investigate the effect of seed storage temperature and moisture content on germination characteristics, growth and biochemical characteristics of Borago officinalis seedlings, In factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design wi MoreThis research was carried out to investigate the effect of seed storage temperature and moisture content on germination characteristics, growth and biochemical characteristics of Borago officinalis seedlings, In factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The treatments included five levels of seed moisture (5, 10, 15, 20, 25%) and eight temperature levels (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 degrees Celsius) and 12 storage levels (7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77 and 84 day). The results showed that with increase in storage time, percentage and seed germination rate, length decreased, and also the abnormal seedlings, amount of proline seedlings and activity of peroxidase enzymes were increased. The highest germination and seedling growth were obtained in the control treatment and 7 days after storage with 10% seed moisture after 7 days of storage. The lowest germination percentage was seen 84 days after storage with %15 seed moisture at 15°C. The maximum length of seedlings was obtained at 25°C temperature and 20% humidity with 7 days of storage. The results showed that at the temperature of 25 degrees, the peroxidase enzyme activity was the highest at the beginning of the storage period (28 days of storage), but with the continued influence of adverse conditions during storage, the enzyme activity decreased significantly. The results showed that the lowest amount of proline was obtained at a temperature of 15°C with a humidity level of 25% and at the 28th day of storage. Based on the results, with increasing storage time, the moisture content of seeds and the storage temperature of the quality of Borago officinalis seedlings are reduced. Since these seeds contain oil, it should be considered to be sufficient to store, survive and maintain its maximum quality. Manuscript profile
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