کاهش اثرات تنش خشکی با کاربرد خارجی اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک بر ختمی (Alcea rosea)
Subject Areas : Journal of Ornamental Plantsتکتم اورعی 1 , محمود شور 2 , علی تهرانی فر 3 , حسین نعمتی 4
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 - گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
4 - گروه علوم باغبانی و مهندسی فضای سبز، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
Keywords: تنش, فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی, ختمی, اسپری برگی,
Abstract :
تنش خشکی یکی از مهمترین عوامل محیطی است که رشد گیاهان زینتی را در فضای سبز محدود میسازد. اثر اسپرمیدین و سالسیلیک اسید بر ختمی تحت تنش خشکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در ابتدا، گیاهان با چهار غلظت اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک (شاهد، 100، 200 و 400 میکرومولار) در سه روز متوالی اسپری شدند، و سپس به مدت دو هفته تحت تنش خشکی (80، 60 و 40% ظرفیت زراعی) قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی تا 40 % ظرفیت زراعی سبب افزایش نشت الکترولیت، پرولین و فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد شد. همچنین کاربرد 100 میکرومولار اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک در بین غلظتهای مختلف بهطور معنیداری سبب کاهش نشت الکترولیت و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز و افزایش محتوای نسبی آب، پرولین، پروتئین، فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، تعداد گل و سطح برگ شد، اما غلظتهای بالاتر (400 میکرومولار) بی اثر و یا اثرات بازدارنده داشتند. تیمار با 100 میکرومولار اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک سبب افزایش مقاومت به تنش خشکی (تا 40 % ظرفیت زراعی) با کاهش نشت الکترولیت (5 %) و افزایش محتوای نسبی آب (11 و 9%)، مقدار پرولین (31 و 21 %)، شاخص کلروفیل (18 و 5 %) و وزن خشک (3 %) در مقایسه با گیاهان تیمار نشده تحت تنش خشکی 40 % ظرفیت زراعی شد. ختمی بهطور شدید تحت تنش خشکی آسیب میبیند، اما کاربرد اسپرمیدین و اسید سالسیلیک سبب افزایش محتوای نسبی آب، پرولین و پروتئین در گیاهان تحت تنش خشکی شد. کاربرد اسپرمیدین و اسید سالیسیلیک میتواند بهعنوان یک تمرین اقتصادی برای افزایش عملکرد ختمی در شرایط کمبود آب در نظر گرفته شود.
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