Investigating the amounts of phenolic compounds, flavonoid production, and antioxidant activity in calluses obtained from different cultivars of (Cichorium intybus L.)

Subject Areas : Developmental biology of plants and animals , development and differentiation in microorganisms

zahra zare ¹ ( Department of Biology Education, Farhangian university, Tehran, Iran. )
Mahin Ghaemi ² ( professor assistant, Department of Biology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran. )
Fariba Aghili ³ ( Department of Biology, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran. )

Received: 2023-03-23 Accepted : 2023-07-19 Published : 2024-02-12

Keywords: Callus, Antioxidant, flavonoid, phenol, Cichorium intybus L,

Abstract :

Natural antioxidant compounds can be a suitable substitute in pharmaceutical industries. Callus of (Cichorium intybus L) is a good source for antioxidant production. The research aim is to evaluate the amounts of phenolic compounds, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of plant in vitro and natural conditions. For this purpose, after preparing healthy seedlings from chicory seeds in (1.2 MS) culture medium, stem, leaf and root explants were prepared and cultured for callus formation in liquid MS with different hormone treatments. Methanolic extracts were prepared from each Callus.The phenolic content and flavonoid were determined by Folin – Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods and antioxidant activity by measuring the reduction of radical capacity by DPPH. The HPLC method was used to determine the type of phenolic compounds in the extracts.The results showed the highest amount of total phenol is 2.613 mg/g of the Callus weight related to the leaf explant with Kin (0.5mg/L), the highest amount of flavonoid is 0.828 mg/g related to the stem explant with 2,4-D (0.5mg /L) and the highest amount of total antioxidant was 89.35% related to the stem explant with BAP (1mg/L).The highest amount of chlorogenic acid was 0.513 mg/g related to the leaf explant with BAP (0.75 mg/L) and the highest amount of caffeic acid was 0.009 mg/g related to the stem explant with Kin (1 mg/L).The Callus obtained from stem and leaf explants, having a good level of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, can be used as a source of natural antioxidants instead of synthetic antioxidants.