Experimental evaluation of Folic acid effect on Corneal burn ulcer healing in new Zealand white rabbit
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Amirhossein Mahlojiyan
1
,
alireza jahandideh
2
,
Ahmad Asghari
3
,
pezhman mortezavi
4
1 - D.V.M Graduate, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 - Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Received: 2019-01-07
Accepted : 2019-11-09
Published : 2020-01-21
Keywords:
Rabbit,
folic acid,
antioxidants,
Corneal ulcers,
Abstract :
Background and Purpose: Corneal ulcer is one of the most common eye diseases, which can be caused by trauma, chemical agents, and some bacteria, viruses, and chlamydia. Treatment of corneal ulcer has been always a concern in ophthalmology. This concern is due to the major role of cornea in providing and preserving normal vision. Alkali-induced corneal ulcer creates an intense inflammatory reaction to traumatic injuries and this intense inflammation can inhibit the natural epithelial growth and cause fibrosis or scar on cornea.Cornea is an organ in the eye that creates a smooth and clear surface and so, it provides the possibility of light regularly passing through the eye. Any injury of this layer eliminates its transparency and protective capacity. Cornea has few cells and no vessels. Various bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal agents can cause severe infections in cornea. After the occurrence of corneal injury, the cells surrounding the injured area including epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells try to improve the injury by cell division and calling the immune system cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes; as a result of this process, the injured area becomes inflamed and edematous. In most cases, due to basic membrane decay and leakage of proteinase, epithelial cells will not be able to provide the connections required for retrieving the layers. So, the distance between epithelial cells increase and the bond between them become weak. As a result of corneal ulcer, increased activity of destructive proteinases and decreased activity of proteases leads to rapid detachment of collagen and other extracellular components of corneal matrix. Significant increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased oxidative condition, and decreased components of antioxidant system occur following corneal injury. In histological studies, various cells of immune system including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages are found in cornea. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased oxidative stress, and decreased components of antioxidant system are observed in pathologic conditions and in the case of corneal injury. Various studies have reported the role of antioxidants in prevention and treatment of corneal ulcer. The recent studies have indicated that folic acid restores decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. also, its improving effect is due to inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Materials and Methods: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of folic acid on corneal burn ulcer healing in 20 adult New Zealand white rabbits in similar weight and age range. The pure folic acid powder needed for this study was purchased from Sigma-USA Co. After general anesthesia, corneal ulcer was induced in the left eye of all rabbits and immediately fluoresce in staining was done to ensure that all of the ulcers were identical in size (6 mm). The rabbits were then divided into four equal groups including three experimental groups and a control group. After the surgery, the experimental groups (first to third groups) were gavaged with 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight folic acid every day for 21 days. Histopathology At the end of the third week, the animals were anesthetized and the eye balls were harvested. After the eyeballs were isolated, the specimens were placed in 10% formalin. After the specimens were fixed in the laboratory, the corneal ulcer was isolated from eyeball. After preparation, the paraffin block sections of 4 microns were prepared and stained using Masson's trichrome staining method. In histopathological grading, the indices affecting wound healing, including angiogenesis, the absence of epithelial layers, corneal edema (stromal edema), irregularities in collagen filaments, and presence or absence of inflammatory cells were investigated. Results and conclusion: The histopathological studies showed that vascularization, inflammation, and corneal matrix edema were significantly reduced, but the epithelium of cornea was increased in folic acid treated rabbits compared to control group (p < /p>
References:
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Miller, A.L. (2003). The methionin-homocystein cycle and its effects on cognitive diseases. Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine, 63(8): 7-19.
Mills, J., Rhoads, G. and Simpson, J. (1989). The absence of a relationbetween the periconceptional use of vitamins and neural tube defects. The New England Journal of Medicine, 32(1): 430-435.
Nicholls, P. (1975). Formate as an inhibitor of cytochrome-C oxidase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 67(2): 610-616.
Pietrzik, K., Bailey, L. and Shane, B. (2010). Folic acid and L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 49(8): 535-548.
Ponziani, F.R., Cazzato, I., Danese, S., Fagiuoli, S., Gionchetti, P., Annicchiarico, B., et al. (2012). Folate in gastrointestinal health and disease. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 16(3): 376-385.
Rinastiti, M., Harijadi, A., Santoso, A.L. and Sosroseno, W. (2006). Histological evaluation of rabbit gingival wound healing transplanted with human amniotic membrane. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 35(3): 247-51.
Selhub, J., Jacques, P.F., Wilson, P.W., Rush, D. and Rosenberg, I.H. (1993). Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population. Journal of the American Medical, 230(70): 269-438.
Seth, P., Kumari, R., Madhavan, S., Singh, A.K., Mani, H., Banaudha, K., et al. (2000). Prevention of renal ischemia reperfusion-induced injury in rats by picroliv. Biochemical Pharmacology, 59(10): 1315-1322.
Shimazaki, J., Yang, H.Y. and Tsubota, K. (1997). Amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction in patients with chemical and thermal burns. Ophthalmology, 104(12): 2068-2076.
Shoham, A., Hadziahmetovic, M., Dunaief, J.L., Mydlarski, M.B. and Schipper, H.M. (2008). Oxidative stress in diseases of the human cornea. Radical Biology and Medicine, 45(8): 1047-1055.
Slatter, D. (2003). Eye and adnexa. In: Text book of Small Animal Surgery. Basher, T. editor. 2rd ed., Saunders, pp: 1354-1486.
Strubbe, D.T., Brooks, D.E., Schultz, G.S., Willis‐Goulet, H., Gelatt, K.N., Andrew, S.E., et al. (2000). Evaluation of tear film proteinases in horses with ulcerative keratitis. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 3(2-3): 111-119.
Unal, D., Yeni, E., Erel, O., Bitiren, M. and Vural, H. (2002). Antioxidative effects of exogenous nitric oxide versus antioxidant vitamins on renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Undergraduate Research Opportunities, 30(3): 190-194.
Walter, M.M., Shapior, S. and Mitchell, A.A. (1993). Periconceptional folic acidexposure and risk of oceurent tube defects. Journal of the American Medical, 269(10): 1257-1261.
Xiao-Wei, G., Xu-Dong, Z., Wen-Jing, L., Xin, Z. and Ying, L. (2012). Experimental study on the treatment of rabbit corneal melting after alkali burn with Collagen cross-linking. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 5(2): 147-150.
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Alio, J.L., Ayala, M.J., Mulet, M.E., Artola, A., Ruiz, J.M. and Bellot, J. (1995). Antioxidant Therapy in the Treatment of Experimental Acute Corneal Inflammation. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, 2(7): 136-143.
Babior, B.M. and Bunn, H.F. (1994). Megaloblastic anemias. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Isselbacher, K.J., Braunwald, E., Wilson, J.O., Martin, J.B., Fauci, A.S. and Kasper, D.L. editors. 13th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, pp: 1726-1732.
Bewndich, A. and Dekelbaum, R.J. (1997). Preventive Notrition, The comprehensive guid for helth Professionals. New Jersey Torowa Press, pp: 351-371.
Boushey, C., Beresford, A.A., Omenn, G.S. and Motulsky, A.A. (1996). Quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular diseases. Journal of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics 27(4): 1049-1057.
Burrner, F.N. (1991). Use of fulic acid for prevention of spina bifida and other neural rube defects. Journal of the American Medical, 26(6): 1191-1197.
De Silva, P., Jayammanne, G. and Bolton, R. (2008). Folic acid deficiency optic neuropathy. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 7(3): 1-3.
Farhoodi, M., Majidi, J., Talebi, M., Yazdchi, M., Alizade, M. and Arjangnia, F. (2008). Evaluation of serum homocysteine level in Parkinson's disease or its association with severity of disease. Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 29(4): 47-51. [In Persian]
Fellstrom, B., Akuyrek, L.M. and Zezina, L. (1998). Post ischemic reperfusion injury and allograft arteriosclerosis. Transplantation Proceedings, 3(8): 4278-4280.
Giles, W.H., Kittner, S., Anda, R.F., Croft, B. and Casper, M.L. (1995). Serum folate and risk for ischemic stroke first national health and nutrition examination survey epidemiologic follow-up study. Stroke, 26(11): 66-70.
Girod, A. (1970). The Nutrition of the Embroyo. 2nd ed., Illionoise, Springfield, pp: 690-701.
Kasetsuwan, N., Wu, F.M., Hsieh, F., Sanchez, D. and Mc-Donnell, P.J. (1999). Effect of topical ascorbic acid on free radical tissue damage and inflammatory cell influx in the cornea after excimer laser corneal surgery. Archives of Ophthalmology, 117(5): 649-652.
Lalonde, R., Barraud, H., Ravey, J., Gueant, J.L., Bronowicki, J.P. and Strazielle, C. (2008). Effects of a B-vitamin-deficient diet on exploratory activity, motor coordination and spatial learning in young adult Balb/c mice. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 118(8): 122-131.
Lalonde, R., Joyal, C.C. and Botez, M.I. (1993). Effects of folic acid and folinic acid on cognitive and motor behaviors in 20-month-old rats. Journal of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior, 44(3): 703-707.
Lewis, C.A., Pancharuniti, N. and Sauberlich, H.E. (1992). Plasma folate adequacy as determined by homocysteine level. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 66(9): 360-368.
Li Y., Feng, G., Yi Y. and Lin J. (1999). The experimental investigation of epithelial healing in rabbit central corneal alkali wounds. Annals of Eye Science, 15(2): 74-77.
Liu, R. and Pravia, K. (2010). Oxidative stress and glutathione in TGF-β-mediated fibrogenesis. Radical Biology and Medicine, 48(1): 1-15.
Maher, J.J. (2001). Interactions between hepatic stellate cells and the immune system. Seminars in Liver Disease, 21(3): 417-426.
Mannino, D.M., Mulinare, J., Ford, E.S. and Schwartz, J. (2003). Tobacco smoke exposure and decreased serum and red blood cell folate levels: data from the third national health and nutrition examination Survey. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 5(3): 357-362.
Marsillach, J., Ferre, N., Camps, J., Riu, F., Rull, A. and Joven, J. (2008). Moderately high folic acid supplementation exacerbates experimentally induced liver fibrosis in rats. Radical Biology and Medicine, 233(1): 38-47.
Meller, D., Pires, R.T., Mack, R.G., Figueiredo, F., Heiligenhaus, A., Park, W.C., et al. (2000). Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute chemical or thermal burns. Ophthalmology, 107(5): 980-989.
Miller, A.L. (2003). The methionin-homocystein cycle and its effects on cognitive diseases. Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine, 63(8): 7-19.
Mills, J., Rhoads, G. and Simpson, J. (1989). The absence of a relationbetween the periconceptional use of vitamins and neural tube defects. The New England Journal of Medicine, 32(1): 430-435.
Nicholls, P. (1975). Formate as an inhibitor of cytochrome-C oxidase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 67(2): 610-616.
Pietrzik, K., Bailey, L. and Shane, B. (2010). Folic acid and L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 49(8): 535-548.
Ponziani, F.R., Cazzato, I., Danese, S., Fagiuoli, S., Gionchetti, P., Annicchiarico, B., et al. (2012). Folate in gastrointestinal health and disease. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 16(3): 376-385.
Rinastiti, M., Harijadi, A., Santoso, A.L. and Sosroseno, W. (2006). Histological evaluation of rabbit gingival wound healing transplanted with human amniotic membrane. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 35(3): 247-51.
Selhub, J., Jacques, P.F., Wilson, P.W., Rush, D. and Rosenberg, I.H. (1993). Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population. Journal of the American Medical, 230(70): 269-438.
Seth, P., Kumari, R., Madhavan, S., Singh, A.K., Mani, H., Banaudha, K., et al. (2000). Prevention of renal ischemia reperfusion-induced injury in rats by picroliv. Biochemical Pharmacology, 59(10): 1315-1322.
Shimazaki, J., Yang, H.Y. and Tsubota, K. (1997). Amniotic membrane transplantation for ocular surface reconstruction in patients with chemical and thermal burns. Ophthalmology, 104(12): 2068-2076.
Shoham, A., Hadziahmetovic, M., Dunaief, J.L., Mydlarski, M.B. and Schipper, H.M. (2008). Oxidative stress in diseases of the human cornea. Radical Biology and Medicine, 45(8): 1047-1055.
Slatter, D. (2003). Eye and adnexa. In: Text book of Small Animal Surgery. Basher, T. editor. 2rd ed., Saunders, pp: 1354-1486.
Strubbe, D.T., Brooks, D.E., Schultz, G.S., Willis‐Goulet, H., Gelatt, K.N., Andrew, S.E., et al. (2000). Evaluation of tear film proteinases in horses with ulcerative keratitis. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 3(2-3): 111-119.
Unal, D., Yeni, E., Erel, O., Bitiren, M. and Vural, H. (2002). Antioxidative effects of exogenous nitric oxide versus antioxidant vitamins on renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Undergraduate Research Opportunities, 30(3): 190-194.
Walter, M.M., Shapior, S. and Mitchell, A.A. (1993). Periconceptional folic acidexposure and risk of oceurent tube defects. Journal of the American Medical, 269(10): 1257-1261.
Xiao-Wei, G., Xu-Dong, Z., Wen-Jing, L., Xin, Z. and Ying, L. (2012). Experimental study on the treatment of rabbit corneal melting after alkali burn with Collagen cross-linking. International Journal of Ophthalmology, 5(2): 147-150.
