The Effect of Dietary Antioxidants Supplementations on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Immune Response of Heat-Stressed Broiler
Subject Areas :T. Amjadian 1 , M.H. Shahir 2 , M.M. Moeini 3
1 -
2 -
3 -
Keywords: antioxidant, broiler, chelated trace minerals, SRBC, vitamins,
Abstract :
The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary antioxidants supplementations on growth per-formance, carcass traits, and immune response of heat-stressed broiler chickens. 400 chicks divided into five treatments (10 chicks per replicate). By the end of day 21, the chicks were raised under normal tem-perature and from day 22 subjected to heat stress (37 degrees for five hours per day). Experimental treat-ments in the rearing period were include one: control (basal diet with normal levels of vitamins and miner-als), two: basal diet added vitamin E (100 mg/kg) and selenium (0.3 mg/kg), three: basal diet added vitamin E (100 mg/kg), selenium(0.3 mg/kg) and vitamin C(300 mg/kg), four: basal diet added vitamins E (100 mg/kg), C (300 mg/kg) and selenium (0.3 mg/kg), zinc (100 mg/kg), copper (10 mg/kg) and manganese (140 mg/kg) and the fifth treatment: basal diet added vitamins E (100 mg/kg), C (300 mg/kg) and selenium (0.3 mg/kg), zinc (100 mg/kg), copper (10 mg/kg), manganese (140 mg/kg) and chromium (1 mg/kg). The chelated minerals were used. Theses antioxidant supplementation resulted in improved weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass traits (P<0.05). The effect of all supplements groups (P<0.05) on the antibody titer against SRBC were significantly differ compare with control (P<0.05). The blood parameters except thyroid hormones were affected by all supplements (P<0.05). And the best treatment was the fifth treatment group which contained chromium. In conclusion, deleterious effects of heat stress on broiler performance can be effectively reduced by dietary antioxidants supplementation specially chelated trace minerals.
Akbari M. and Torki M. (2014). Effects of dietary chromium pi-colinate and peppermint essential oil on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks reared un-der heat stress conditions. Int. J. Biometeorol. 58, 1383-1391.
Akbarzadeh S., Ani M., Moshtaghie A.A. and Movahed A. )2008(. Changes in erythrocyte sodium-lithium countertransport and plasma parameters following selenium treatment. J. Biol. Sci. 8, 166-170.
Aviagen. (2014). Ross 308: Broiler Nutrition Specification. Aviagen Ltd., Newbridge, UK.
Bahrami A., Moeini M.M., Ghazi S.H. and Targhibi M.R. (2012). The effect of different levels of organic and inorganic chro-mium supplementation on immune function of broiler chicken under heat-stress conditions. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 21(2), 209-215.
Bartlett J.R. and Smith M.O. (2003). Effects of different levels of zinc on the performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Poult Sci. 82, 1580-1588.
Biswas A., Mohan J. and Sastry K.V.H. (2006). Effect of higher levels of dietary selenium on production performance and immune responses in growing Japanese quail. Br. Poult. Sci. 47, 511-515.
Büyükkılıç Beyzi S.E.L.M.A., Konca Y., Kaliber M., Sarıözkan S., Kocaoğlu Güçlü B., Aktuğ, E. and Şentürk M. (2020). Ef-fects of thyme essential oil and A, C, and E vitamin combina-tions to diets on performance, egg quality, MDA, and 8-OHdG of laying hens under heat stress. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 48(1), 126-132.
Djoko K.Y., Ong Cheryl-lynn Y., Mark J. and Alastair G. (2015). The role of copper and zinc toxicity in innate immune defense against bacterial pathogens. J. Biol. Chem. 31, 18954-18961.
Dunning S., Atta R., Marjolein H. and Rebekka A. (2013). Glu-tathione and antioxidant enzymes serve complementary roles in protecting activated hepatic stellate cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. Bioch. Biophys. Acta. 12, 2027-2034.
El-Kholy M.S., El-Hindawy M.M., Alagawany M., Abd El-Hack M.E. and El-Sayed S.A. (2017). Dietary supplementation of chromium can alleviate negative impacts of heat stress on per-formance, carcass yield, and some blood hematology and chemistry indices of growing Japanese quail. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 179, 148-157.
Ghazi S., Habibian M., Moeini M.M. and Abdolmohammadi A.R. (2012). Effects of different levels of organic and inorganic chromium on growth performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 146, 309-317.
Ghazi S.H., Amjadian T. and Norouzi S.H. (2015). Single and combined effects of vitamin C and oregano essential oil in diet, on growth performance, and blood parameters of broiler chicks reared under heat stress condition. Int. J. Biometeorol. 59, 1019-1024.
Habibian M., Ghazi S.H., Moeini M.M. and Abdolmohammadi A. (2014). Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on immune response and biological blood parameters of broilers reared under thermoneutral or heat stress conditions. Int. J. Biomete-orol. 58, 741-752.
Hamidi O. (2022). Effects of supplemental chromium nanoparti-cles on IFN-γ expression of heat stress broilers. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 200, 339-347.
Hesabi Nameghi A., Nassiri Moghaddam H., Tavakol Afshari J. and Kermanshahi H. (2007). Effects of vitamin E and C supplementation on performance and immune response of broiler chickens. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 9, 1060-1069.
Howlider M.A.R. and Rose S.P. (1987). Temperature and the growth of broilers. J. World's Poult. Sci. 43, 228-237.
Huang C., Jiao H., Song Z., Zhao J., Wang X. and Lin H. (2015). Heat stress impairs mitochondria functions and induces oxida-tive injury in broiler chickens. Anim. Sci. J. 5, 2144-2153.
Idowu O.M.O., Ajuwon O.R., Fafiolu A.O., Oso A.O. and Akinloye O.A. (2011). Modulation of cholesterol and copper residue levels in muscles and blood serum of finishing broiler chickens fed copper and ascorbic acid supplements. Pakistan J. Nutr. 10, 781-785.
Ighodaro O.M. and Akinloye O.A. (2018). First line defence anti-oxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alex. J. Med. 54(4), 287-293.
Kanchana G. and Jeyanthi G.P. (2010). The effect of supplementation of diet with vitamin-E and selenium and their combinations on the performance and lipid profiles of layer chickens. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci. 1, 1-11.
Khan R.U., Rahman Z.U., Javed I. and Muhammad F. (2012). Effect of vitamins, probiotics and protein on semen traits in post-molt male broiler breeders. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 135(1), 85-90.
Kutlu H.R. and Forbes J.M. (1993). Changes in growth and blood parameters in heat-stressed broiler chicks in response to dietary ascorbic acid. Livest. Prod. Sci. 36, 335-350.
Mario E. and Petracci M. (2019). Benefits of magnesium supple-mentation to broiler subjected to dietary and heat stress: Im-proved redox status, breast quality and decreased myopathy incidence. Antioxidants. 10, 456-465.
Medeiros-Ventura W.R.L., Rabello C.B.V., Barros M.R., Junior R.S., Oliveira H.B., Faria A.G. and Fireman A.K. (2020). Zinc, manganese, and copper amino acid complexes improve performance and bone characteristics of layer-type chicks un-der thermoneutral and cold stress conditions. Poult. Sci. 99(11), 5718-5727.
Mujahid A. and Neil R. (2007). Mitochondrial oxidative damage in chicken skeletal muscle induced by acute heat stress. J. Poult. Sci. 44, 439-445.
Naz S., Idris M., Khalique M.A., Alhidary I.A., Abdelrahman M.M. and Ahmad S. (2016). The activity and use of zinc in poultry diets. J. World's Poult. Sci. 72(1), 159-167.
Niu Z.Y., Liu F.Z., Yan Q.L. and Li W.C. (2009). Effects of dif-ferent levels of vitamin E on growth performance and immune responses of broilers under heat stress. Poult. Sci. 10, 2101-2107.
Ohkawa H., Nobuko O. and Kunio Y. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal. Biochem. 95, 351-358.
Olfati A., Mojtahedin A., Sadeghi T., Akbari M. and Martínez-Pastor F. (2018). Comparison of growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks reared under heat stress, cold stress and thermoneutral conditions. Spanish J. Agric. Res. 16, 505-614.
Pamok S., Worapol A. and Komutrin T. (2009). Adaptation to oxidative stress and impact of chronic oxidative stress on im-munity in heat-stressed broilers. J. Therm. Biol. 34, 353-357.
Pečjak M., Leskovec J., Alenka L., Janez S. and Vida R. (2022). Effects of dietary vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium and their combination on carcass characteristics, oxidative stability and breast meat quality of broiler chickens exposed to cyclic heat stress. Animals. 12, 1789-1795.
Perić L., Milošević N., Žikić D., Kanački Z., Džinić N., Nollet L. and Spring P. (2019). Effect of selenium sources on performance. and meat characteristics of broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 18, 403-409.
Qu X., Huang K., Deng L. and Xu H. (2000). Selenium deficiency-induced alternations in the vascular system of the rat. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 75, 119-128.
Qureshi M.A. and Havenstein G.B. (1994). A comparison of the immune performance of a 1991 commercial broiler with a 1957 randombred strainwhen fed “typical” 1957 and 1991 broiler diets. Poult. Sci. 73, 1805-1812.
Rehman Z.U., Chand N. and Khan R.U. (2017). The effect of vitamin E, L-carnitine, and ginger on production traits, im-mune response, and antioxidant status in two broiler strains exposed to chronic heat stress. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 24, 26851-26857.
Sahin K. and Kucuk O. (2003a). Zinc supplementation alleviates heat stress in laying Japanese quail. J. Nutr. 133(9), 2808-2811.
Sahin K. and Kucuk O. (2003b). Heat stress and dietary vitamin supplementation of poultry diets. Nutr. Abstr. Rev. Ser. B. Livest. Feeds Feeding. 73, 41-50.
Sahin K., Sahin N., Kucuk O., Hayirli A. and Prasad A.S. (2009). Role of dietary zinc in heat-stressed poultry: A review. Poult. Sci. 88(10), 2176-2183.
Sahin N., Hayirli A., Orhan C., Tuzcu M., Akdemir F.A.T., Ko-morowski J.R. and Sahin K. (2017). Effects of the supplemen-tal chromium form on performance and oxidative stress in broilers exposed to heat stress. Poult. Sci. 96(12), 4317-4324.
Saiz del Barrio A., Mansilla W.D., Navarro-Villa A., Mica J.H., Smeets J.H., Hartog L.A. and García-Ruiz A.I. (2019). Effect of mineral and vitamin C mix on growth performance and blood corticosterone concentrations in heat-stressed broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 29, 23-33.
SAS Institute. (2003). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Scott A., Vadalasetty K.P.M., Łukasiewicz S., Jaworski M., Wierzbicki A., Chwalibog A. and Sawosz E. (2018). Effect of different levels of copper nanoparticles and copper sulphate on performance, metabolism and blood biochemical profiles in broiler chicken. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 102, 364-373.
Surai P.F. (2015). Silymarin as a natural antioxidant: an overview of the current evidence and perspectives. Antioxidants. 4(1), 204-247.
Uyanik F. (2001). The effects of dietary chromium supplementation on some blood parameter in sheep. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 90, 99-115.
Vakili R., Rashidi A.A. and Sobhanirad S. (2010). Effects of die-tary fat, vitamin E and zinc supplementation on tibia breaking strength in female broilers under heat stress. African J. Agric. Res. 23, 3151-3156.
Yang L., Tan G.Y., Fu Y.Q., Feng J.H. and Zhang M.H. (2010). Effects of acute heat stress and subsequent stress removal on function of hepatic mitochondrial respiration, ROS production and lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens. Compar. Biochem. Physiol. Part C. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 151(2), 204-208.
