The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Inoculation Seed with Biofertilizers On the Morpho-physiological Traits and Enzymatic Properties of Chickpea in Winter and Spring Cultivation
Subject Areas : crop production
1 - دانش آموخته كارشناسي ارشد زراعت، واحد مهاباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، مهاباد، ايران
Keywords: biological function, proline, antioxidant, transpiration.,
Abstract :
To study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer and inoculation of chickpea seed with bio-fertilizers on morphophysiological traits on yield and yield components of chickpea under winter and spring cultivation conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2015 crop season on a field in Oshnaviyeh, W. Azarbaijan. The first factor consisted of sowing date at two levels of winter and spring, the second factor was inoculation with bio-fertilizer (control and inoculated with bio-fertilizer) and the third one was nitrogen fertilizer (0, 2.5 and 5 g m-2). The results showed that spring culture had higher catalase activity, higher photosynthesis rate and transpiration content and lower proline content compared to winter sowing. Seed inoculation with risotchic pi significantly increased proline content and catalase activity compared to control, the highest amount of peroxidase activity was observed in the combination of seed with risocchic pi and spring planting. The highest amount of proline and catalase activity was recorded in 5 g m-2 nitrogen fertilizer application. The highest relative water content and peroxidase activity were attributed to the combination of 2.5 g m-2 N fertilizer in spring cultivation. Also, spring cultivation and seed inoculation with Risocchic pi had the highest peroxidase activity. Finally, the winter planting with consumption of 5 g of nitrogen per m2 had the highest biological yield and the lowest photosynthetic water use efficiency and inoculation with Risocchic pi.
Abdul Jaleel, C., P. Manivannan., A. Vahid., M. Farooq., H. J. Al-Juburi., R. Somasudram and P. Vam. 2009. Drought stress in plants: A review on morphological characteristics and pigments composition, International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 3:100-105.
Bahavar. N., Ebadi, A., Tobeh, A., and Jamati Somarin, S.H. 2009. Effects of nitrogen application on growth of irrigated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress in hydroponics conditions. research Journal of Environmental Sciencesm, 3(4): 448-455.
chickpea drought tolerance lines under dryland condition of Iran. Indian Journal of Crop Sci. 1: 70- 73.
Giller, K.E. 1990. Assessment and improvement of nitrogen fixation in tropical Phaseolus vulgaris L. Soil Use and Management, 6: 82-84.
Giller, K.E. 2001. Nitrogen Fixation in Cropping Systems. 2nd Edition. CABI, Publishing. in Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 23: 467-474.
Gull, F.Y., Hafeez, I., Saleem, M., and Malik, K.A. 2004. Phosphorus uptake and growth promotion of Chickpea by co-inoculation of mineral phosphate solubilizing bacteria and a mixed rhizobial culture. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 44: 623-628.
Kassab, O.M., Zeing, H.A.E., and Ibrahim, M.M. 2004. Effect of water deficit and micronutrients foliar application on the productivity of wheat plants. Journal of Agricultural Research 29: 925-932.
Kobraie, S., Shams K., and Pazoki, A. 2010. Effect of cultivar and planting date on grain yield and quantitative traits in chickpea. Journal of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, 6 (2): 53-64. (In Persian)
Onyari, C.A.N., Ouma, J.P., and Kibe, A.M. 2010. Effect of tillage method and sowing time on phenology, yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under semi-arid conditions in Kenya. Journal of Applied Biosci. 34: 2156-2165.
Sabaghpour, H., Mahmoudi, A.A., Saeed, A., Kamel, M., and Malthora, R.S. 2006. Study on
Sairam, R. K., and Srivastava, G. C. 2002. Changes in antioxidant activity in sub-cellular fractions of tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes in response to long term salt stress. Journal of Plant Science, 162: 897-904.
Sarmadnia, G., and Koocheki, A. 2001. Crop physiology. Jihad-e-Daneshgahi of Mashhad. Mashhad, Iran. 458 pp. (Book)(In Persian)
Shiferaw, B., and Baker, D. A. 1996. Agronomic and morphological of TEF to drought. Tropical Science, 36:74-85.
Solaiman, A.R.M., Hossain, D., and Rabbani, M.G. 2007. Influence of Rhizobium inoculant and mineral nitrogen on some chickpea varieties. Bangladesh Journal Microbiology, 24: 146-150.
Soleimani, R., and Asgharzadeh, A. 2010. Effects of Mesorhizobium inoculation and fertilizer application on yield and yield components of rainfed chickpea. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 1 (1): 1-8. (In Persian)
Sugui, F. P., and Sugui, C. C. 2002. Response of Chickpea to Dates of Sowing in Ilocos Norte, Philippines. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter, 9: 13-21. (Journal)
Yong, Kim, S., Lim, J. H., Park, M. R., Kim, Y., Won Seo, Y., Choi, K. G. and Yun, S.J. 2005. Enhanced antioxidant enzymes are associated with reduced hydrogen peroxide in barely roots under saline stress. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 38: 218-224.
