اثر مخلوط گیاه دارویی و پرو بیوتیک بر عملکرد، فعالیت آنتی‪اکسیدانی و سن از شیرگیری گوساله‪های شیر‪خوار هلشتاین

Subject Areas : Camel

ص. سیف زاده ¹ , ف. میرزایی آقجه ² , ح. عبدی بنمار ³ , ج. سیف دواتی ⁴ , ب. نوید شاد ⁵

1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

Received: 2015-05-07 Accepted : 2015-08-15 Published : 2016-06-01

Keywords: گیاه دارویی, گوساله, فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی, مصرف خوراک, جیره آغازین, سن از شیرگیری,

Abstract :

هدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثر یک مخلوط گیاه داوریی و پروبیوتیک بر عمکرد، فعالیت آنتی‪اکسیدانی و سن از شیر‪گیری در گوساله‪های شیرخوار هلشتاین بود. برای انجام این آزمایش، 30 رأس گوساله هلشتاین تازه متولد شده (میانگین سنی 10-1 روز) با میانیگن وزنی 8 ± 42 در قالب یک طرح فاکتوریل (2×3) با 6 تیمار و 5 تکرار استفاده شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) جیره پایه شامل جیره استارتر و شیر کامل (شاهد)، 2) جیره پایه + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک، 3) جیره پایه + 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی، 4) جیره پایه + 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک و 5) جیره پایه + 3 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی ، 6) جیره پایه + 3 درصد گیاه دارویی + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک بودند. گوساله‪ها خوراک‪های آزمایشی پلت شده را به صورت آزاد دریافت کردند و پس از یک ماه علوفه خشک وارد جیره غذایی شد. نتایج نشان داد که جیره­های آزمایشی بر مصرف ماده خشک در طول آزمایش نداشت. اما، افزودن 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی سبب افزایش ماده خشک شد (05/0>P). همچنین سطح 5/1 درصد گیاه داوریی باعث کاهش سن از شیرگیری گوساله­ها شد (05/0>P). گوساله­های تغذیه شده با 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی و 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی + 2 گرم پروبیوتیک فعالیت آنتی‪اکسیدانی پلاسمایی بالاتری داشتند (05/0>P). این مطالعه پیشنهاد می­کند که سطح 5/1 درصد مخلوط گیاه دارویی سبب بهبود عملکرد، سیستم ایمنی و همچنین کاهش سن از شیرگیری در گوساله‪های شیر خوار خواهد شد.

References:

AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 17^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.

Ababakri R., Riasi A., Fathi M.H., Naeimipur H. and Khorshidi D. (2012). Effect of peppermint oil added to the initial concentration on ruminal fermentation, weaning age and performance Holstein dairy calves. J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 22, 141-154.

Benchaar C., Calsamiglia B., Chaves A., Fraser G., Colombatto D., McAllister T. and Beauchemin K. (2007). A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 255, 409-447.

 

Burt S. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods: a review. Int. J. Food Microb. 94, 223-253.

Busques M., Greathhead H., Calsamigilia S., Ferret A. and Kamel C. (2003). EffectDel extra to deajoyel cinemaldehid sobrela production, composition residues enlech end vacas de altar production. ITEA. 24, 756-758.

Cardozo P.W., Calsamiglia S., Ferret A. and Kamel C. (2006). Effects of alfalfa, extract, anise, capsicum and a mixture of cinamaldehyde and eugenol on ruminal fermentation and protein degradation in beef heifers fed a high-concentrate diet. J. Anim. Sci. 84, 2801-2808.

Chao S., Young D. and Oberg C. (2000). Screening for inhibitory activity of essential oils on selected bacteria, fungi and viruses. J. Essent. Oil. Res. 12, 639-649.

Chatterjee P., Kaur H. and Panda N. (2003). Effect of vitamin E supplementation on plasma antioxidant vitamins and immunity status of crossbred cows. Asian-Australas J. Anim. Sci. 16, 1614-1618.

Chaudhary L., Sahoo N., Agrawal D., Kamra and Pathak N. (2008). Effect of direct fed microbial on nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation, immune and growth response in crossbred cattle calves. Indian Anim. Sci. 78, 515-521.

Donovan D., Franklin S., Chase C. and Hippen A. (2002). Growth and health of Holstein calves fed replacer supplemented with antibiotics or Enteroguard. J. Dairy Sci. 85, 947-950.

Dorman H. and Deans S. (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. Appl. Microbial. 88, 308-316.

Erskine R., Bartlett J., Herdt T. and Gaston P. (1997). Effects of parenteral administration of vitamin E on health of periparturient dairy cows. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 211, 466-469.

Fathi M., Riasi A. and Allahresani A. (2009). The effect of vanilla flavored calf starter on performance of Holstein calves. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 18, 412-419.

Fuller R. (1989). Probiotics in man and animals. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 66, 365-378.

Halliwell B. and Chirico S. (1993). Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement and significance. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 57, 715-724.

Hosoda K., Kuramoto K., Eruden B., Nishida T. and Shioya S. (2006). The effects of three herbs as feed supplements on blood metabolites hormones, antioxidant activity, IgG concentration and ruminal fermentation in holstein steers. Anim. Sci. 19, 35-41.

Hristov A., McAllister T., Van Herk F., Cheng K., Newbold C. and Cheeke P. (1999). Effect of Yucca schidigera on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion in heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 77, 2554-2563.

Hume M. (2011). Food safety symposium: potential impact of reduced antibiotic use and the roles of prebiotics, probiotics, and other alternatives in antibiotic-free broiler production. Poult. Sci. 90, 2663-2669.

Lambert R., Skandamis P., Coote P. and Nychas G. (2001). A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, listeria monocytogenes and

 

 

      Salmonella enteric. J. Food Protec. 65, 1545-1560.

Lee M., Park Y.B., Moon S.S., Bok S.H., Kim D.J., Ha T.Y., Jeong T.S., Jeong K.S. and Choi M.S. (2007). Hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties of 3-(4-hydroxyl) propanoic acid derivatives in high-cholesterol fed rats. Chem. Biol. Int. 170, 9-19.

Miyazaki Y., Yamasaki H., Mishima K., Mansho H. and Yamada H. (2001). Oxidative stress by visible light irradiation suppresses immunoglobulin production in mouse spleen lymphocytes. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 65, 593-598.

Moore K. and Robert L. (1998). Measurement of lipid peroxidation. Free. Radic. Res. 28, 659-671.

Nielsen F., Mikkelsen B., Nielsen J., Andersen H. and Grandjean P. (1997). Plasma malondialdehyde as biomarker for oxidative stress: Reference interval and effects of life-style factors. Clin. Chem. 43, 1209-1214.

Riddell J., Gallegos A., Harmon D. and Mcleol K. (2010). Addition of a Bacillus based probiotic to the diet of pre ruminant calves: influence on growth, health and blood parameters. Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. Med. 8, 78-85.

Sami N., Salminen S., Bylund G. and Ouwehand A. (2001). Characterization of properties of human and dairy-derived probiotic for prevention of infectious disease in fish. Appl. Environ. Microbial. 67, 2430-2435.

SAS Institute. (1998). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 8.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Soltan M. (2009). Effect of essential oils supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, health condition of Holstein male calves during pre- and post- weaning periods. Pakistan J. Nutr. 8, 642-652.

Stabel J., Spears W., Brown T. and Brake J. (1989). Selenium effects on glutathione peroxidase and the immune response of stressed calves challenged with Pasteurella hemolytica. J. Anim. Sci. 67, 557-564.

Timmerman H., Koning C., Mulder L., Rombouts F. and Beynen A. (2005). Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics-a comparison of functionality and efficacy. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 96, 219-233.

Vakili A., Khorrami B., Mesgaran M. and Parand E. (2013). The Effects of thyme and cinnamon essential oils on performance, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in Holstein calves consuming high concentrate diet. Asian-Australas J. Anim. Sci. 26, 935-944.

Van Soest P., Robertson J. and Lewis B. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and no starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.

Wallace R. (2004). Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 63, 621-629.

Wang Y., McAllister T., Yanke L., Xu Z., Cheeke P. and Cheng K. (2000). In vitro effects of steroidal saponins from Yucca schidigera extract on rumen microbial protein synthesis and ruminal fermentation. J. Sci. Food Agric. 80, 2114-2122.

Wang C., Wang S. and Zhou H. (2009). Fnfhomycin, ropadiar and seponim on nutrient digestibility, roman fermentation and methane emission from sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 148,

 

 

      157-166.

Winds-Chitl P., Randall K. and Brainard D. (2008). Growth and performance of Holstein dairy calves supplemented with a probiotic. Res. Prog. Rep. 22, 1991-2022.

Yang W., Benchaarc B., Chaves H. and Mcalliste T. (2007). Effect of garlic and juniper berry essential oils on ruminal fermentation and on the site and extend of digestion raminal fermentation and on the site and extend of digestion in lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 12, 5671-5681.