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Manuscript ID : 533432 Visit : 27 Page: 85 - 94

10.22034/aej.2017.533432

Article Type: Original Research

The effect of nettle and fenugreek seed extracts on diabetic mice

Subject Areas :

Omid  Alizadeh 1 (Horticultural Sciences Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran)
Hassan  Nourafcan 2 (Young Researchers and Elite Club, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran)
Assad  Assadi 3 (Research Center of Medicinal Plant and Organic Products, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyaneh branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran)

Received: 2017-05-12 Accepted : 2017-09-02 Published : 2017-08-23

Keywords:  antioxidants,  blood glocose,  cholesterol,  lipoprotein,  Streptozotocin,

Abstract :

To evaluate the effect of nettle and fenugreekseed extracts on glucose, lipid parameters and total anti-oxidative capacity, 40 male NMRI streptozotocin induced diabetic mice arranged in five groups. The treatments were included of 10 daily injectional metformin, seeds extracts of nettle and fenugreek and their combination in 1:4, 2:4 and 3:4 proportions, along with positive and negative controls. After 48 hours of last injection, glucose, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and TAC were measured via intraventrecular blood sampling. Ecperimental treatments, especially combinational seed extracts of nettle and fenugreek in 2:4 proportion depressed blood glucose rate. Combinational extracts of 1:4 significantly decreased cholesterol rate, however, metformin and nettle seed extract increased it. Nettle seed extract and combinational extracts decreased and increased LDL, respectively. Metformin, nettle seed and combinational 2:4 extracts increased TAC. Therefore, studied extracts could be a candidate for diabetes cure and its side-effects reduction.

References:


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  30. Olorunnisola OS, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ (2011) Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity evaluation of methanolic extract of dried and fresh rhizomes of Tulbaghia violacea .African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5(22): 2490-2497.
    31.
  31. Olorunnisola OS, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ (2012) Effect of methanolic extract of Tulbaghia violacea rhizomes on antioxidant enzymes and lipid profile in normal rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 6(14): 1026-1030.
    32.
  32. Ostovar A (2006) Effects of walnut consumption on serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL, HDL and glucose in experimental diabetic rats. Master Thesis of Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Veterinary: Tabriz, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
    33.
  33. Otles S, Yalcin B (2012) Phenolic compounds analysis of root, stalk and leaves of nettle. Scientific World Journal 2012: 1-12.
    34.
  34. Özen T, Çöllü Z,  Korkmaz H (2010) Antioxidant Properties of Urtica pilulifera Root, Seed, Flower, and Leaf Extract. Journal of Medicinal Food 13(5): 1224-1231.
    35.
  35. Qujeq D, Davary S, Moazzi Z, Mahjoub S (2011) Effect of Urtica dioica leaf extract on activities of nucleoside diphosphate kinase and acetyl coenzyme, a carboxylase, in normal and hyperglycemic rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5(6): 792–796.
    36.
  36. Rafraf M, Malekian M, Asghari Jafar Abadi M, Ali Asgarzadeh A, Pourmordian S (2015) Effect of fenugreek seeds on serum metabolic factors and ICAM-1 (Intercellular adhesion molecule1) levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences University of Iran 32(69): 11-21. [in Persian with English abstract]
    37.
  37. Rajeev G, Verma S (2015) Study of effects of consumption of powdered fenugreek seeds on serum lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research 6(01): 57-59.
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  38. Ranjbar Omidi B, Armaz F, Agaei M (2012) Effect of dietary fiber (wheat bran) on fasting blood glucose after diet in people with fasting diabetes mellitus. Scientific Journal of the Student Research Committee of Qazvin University 7(26): 26-32. [in Persian]
    39.
  39. Ranjbari A, Azarbayjani MA , Yusof A, Abdul Halim M, Akbarzadeh S, Ibrahim Mohamed Y, Tarverdizadeh B, Farzadinia P, Hajiaghaee R, Dehghan F (2016) In vivo and in vitro evaluation of the effects of Urtica dioica and swimming activity on diabetic factors and pancreatic beta cells. Biomed Central Complementary and Alternative Medicine 16(101):12906-12916.
    40.
  40. Roghani M, Baluchnejad mojarad T, Roghani Dehlordi F (2005) Hypolipidemic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum in diabetic rats. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 7(2): 167-171. [in Persian with English abstract]
    41.
  41. Roman RR, Alarcon-Aguilar F, Lara-Lemus A, Flores-Saenz J (1991) hypoglycemic effect of plants used in Mexico as antidiabetics. Archives of Medical Research 23(1): 59–64.
    42.
  42. Shahbazi P, Maleknia N (2002) General biochemistry, 1st volume, 20th edition. University of Tehran publishing: Tehran. [in Persian]
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  44. Shakour AS, Ibrahim SA, Mahmoud ME, Yamani YM (2003) Hypoglycemic effect of fenugreek seeds in type 2 diabets mellitus: clinical study. Science Medical Journal: Educating Supervisors and Coaches for Multicultural Europe 15(1): 117-127.
    45.
  45. Sharma R (1986) Effect of fenugreek seeds and leaves on blood glucose and serum insulin responses in human subjects. Nutrition Research 6(12): 1353–64.
    46.
  46. Sharma RD, Sarkar A, Hazra DK (1996) Hypolipidaemic effect of fenugreek seeds: a chronic study in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Phytotherapy Research 10(4): 332-334.
    47.
  47. Shafiezade A, Rezaei A, Rahbani Novbar M, Mohajeri D, Rahnamaei Kahnamuei D (2012) The effect of metformin on glucose and lipid profiles and serum oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Comparative Pathobiology, Scientific-Research 10(1): 865-872.
    48.
  48. Swanston-Flatt SK, Day C, Flatt PR, Gould B, Bailey C (1989) Glycemic effects of traditional european plant treatments for diabetes: Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. Diabetes Research 10(2): 69–73.
    49.
  49. Tabatabaei Malazy O, Heshmat R, Hejazy Mogaddam SA, Taheri E, Soheilykhah S, Darvishzadeh F, Larijani B (2005) Comparison of two types of methformine (Aria Co. and Merck Co.) in type 2 diabetic patients: double blind randomized clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism 5(1): 49-58. [in Persian]
    50.
  50. Tarighat Esfanjani A, Namazi N, Bahrami A, Ehteshami M (2012) Effect of hydro alcoholic extract of nettle (Urtica dioica) on glycemic index and insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 13(6): 561-568. [in Persian with English abstract]
    51.
  51. Vavilova N (1994) Homeopathic pharmacodynamics [in Russian], in 2 parts. Homeopathic Center, Smolensk, Everest, Moscow; 2: 208–211.
    52.
  52. Vijayakumar MV, Bhat MK (2008) Hypoglycemic effect of a novel dialyzed fenugreek seeds extract is sustainable and is mediated, in part, by the activation of hepatic enzymes. Phytotherapy Research 22(4): 500-505.
    53.
  53. Wagner H, Willer F, Samtleben R, Boos G (1994) Search for the ant prostatic principle of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) roots. Phytomedicine 1(3): 213–24.
    54.
  54. Zargar AH, Nehru A, Laway BA, Dar FA (1992) Effect of consumption of powdered fenugreek seeds on blood sugar and HbAIc levels in patients with type ii diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries 12(1): 49-51.
    55.
_||_

  1. Ahangarpour A, Mohammadian M, Dianat M (2012) Antidiabetic effect of hydroalcholic Urtica dioica leaf extract in male rats with fructose-induced insulin resistance. Iranian Journal of Medicinal Science 37(3): 181–186.
    2.
  2. Andreoli T, Fitz G, Wing JE, Griggs R, Benjamin I (2010) Andreoli and carpenter's Cecil essentials of medicine, 8th Edition. Arjmand Ppublishing: Tehran. [in Persian]
    3.
  3. Bathaie SZ, Mokarizade N, Shirali S (2012) An overview of the mechanisms of plant ingredients in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Medicinal Plants 11(44): 1-25. [n Persian with English abstract]
    4.
  4. Behradmanesh M, Ahmadi M, Rafieian-kopaei M (2012) Effect of glycogol on blood glucose level of patients with type II diabetes. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 14(2):163-169. [in Persian with English abstract]
    5.
  5. Chandra Joshi B, Mukhija M, Semwal S (2015) Antioxidant potential and total phenolic content of Urtica dioica (whole plant). Journal of Applied Pharmacy 7(2):120-128.
    6.
  6. Farhadi A, Esmaeili R, Pourashraf A, Azizi B (2011) Effect of nettle on diabetes. Proceedings of the First National Conference on Economic in Agriculture and Natural Resources. Qom, Iran. [in Persian]
    7.
  7. Heshmati H, Behnampour N, Khorasani F, Mogadam Z (2013) The prevalence of chronic complications of diabetes and its related factors in type 2 diabetic patients referring to diabetes center of Fereydounkenar. Journal of Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences 1(1): 36-43. [in Persian]
    8.
  8. Jain V, Jain P, Sharma S, Kakani R (1995) Hypolipidaemic activity of syndrex, a hydroalcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds single blind clinical study. Internal Medicine Journal 89(1):1-4.
    9.
  9. Kasaeian N, Forgani B, Zare M, Tajolmoluk E, Amini M (2003) Effect of fenugreek seed uses on fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and blood fats in diabetic type 2 patients. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 37(58): 55-58. [in Persian]
    10.
  10. Kanter M, Meral I, Dede S, Gunduz H, Cemek M, Ozbek H, Uygan I (2003) Effects of Nigella sativa L. and Urtica dioica L. on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and some liver enzymes in CCl4-treated rats. Journal of Veterinary Medicine: A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine 50(5): 264-268.
    11.
  11. Kanter M, Coskun O, Budancamanak M (2005) Hepatoprotective effects of Nigella sativa L. and Urtica dioica L. on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and liver enzymes in carbon tetrachloride- treated rats. World Journal of Gastroenterology 11(42): 6684-6688.
    12.
  12. Kamakhya K, Shiv K, Arunima D, Arup B (2015) Effect of fenugreek seeds on glycaemia and dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health 4(7):997-1000.
    13.
  13. Katzong B, Masters S, Terror A (2010) Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 2nd volume. Arjomand Publication: Tehran. [in Persian]
    14.
  14. Katzong B, Masters S, Terror A (2010) Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 3rd volume. Arjomand Publication: Tehran. [in Persian]
    15.
  15. Khademi Z, Imani E, Heidary Khormizi M, Poordad Khodaei A, Sarneyzadeh M, Nikparvar M (2013) A study on the variation of medicinal plants used for controlling blood sugar and causes of self – medication by patients referred to diabetic center. Journal of Diabetes Nursing 1(1): 12-20. [in Persian with English abstract]
    16.
  16. Khajeh-Mehrizi R, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Ghadiri-Anari A, Dehghani A (2014) The effect of Urtica dioica extract on glycemic control and insulin resistance indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity 6(4):149-155.
    17.
  17. Madar Z, Rachel A, Shlomith S, Joseph A (1988) Glucose lowering effect of fenugreek in non-insulin dependent diabetics. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42(1): 51-54.
    18.
  18. Mahjoub S, Taghikhani M, Amir Rasouli H , Noohi F (2001) Condition of lipids and lipoproteins in normal subjects and in acute and stable phases of myocardial infarction. Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences 3(3): 30-36. [in Persian with English abstract]
    19.
  19. Mahjoub S, Haji Ahmadi M, Faramarzi M, Jalali F, Moazezi Z, Sajjadi P (2010) How is lipid profile and morbidity risk in smokers and nonsmokers? Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine 1(4): 128-133.
    20.
  20. Mahjoub S, Davari S, Moazezi Z, Qujeq D (2012) Hypolipidemic effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Urtica dioica in rats. World Applied Sciences Journal 17(10): 1345-1348.
    21.
  21. Mathieu C (2004) Can we reduce hypoglycemia with insulin detemir? International Journal of Obesity 28(2): 35–40.
    22.
  22. Mehri A, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Larijani B, Abdollahi M (2011) A systematic review of efficacy and safety of Urtica dioica in the treatment of diabetes. International Journal of Pharmacology 7(2): 161–70.
    23.
  23. Mohammadi R (2013) Biochemistry requirements. 6th Edition. Ayizh Publishing: Tehran. [in Persian]
    24.
  24. Mohsen Z, Rasouli S, Ghaderi E, Shahrbondi N, Rashidi M, Farokhinya M (2009) Comparison of the effect of three medicinal plants of cinnamon, fenugreek and coriander with placebo on hemoglobin A1C and blood lipids in type II diabetic patients. Chronic Disease Journal 1(2): 74-82.
    25.
  25. Navabi A, Khadem Ansari MH, Rasmi Y, Khadem Ansari S (2012) The effect of Helicobacter pylori on malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione reduction (GSH), glutathione oxide (GSSG) and total antioxidant in patients with gastritis with Helicobacter pylori infection. The Journal of Urmia University Medical Sciences 23(1): 73-78. [in Persian with English abstract]
    26.
  26. Noorian M, Forghani B, Amini M (2002) A comparative study on the effects of wheat bran and ispaghula on serum lipids and fasting blood sugar in type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of Medicinal Plants 3(3): 85-89. [in Persian with English abstract]
    27.
  27. Nukatsuka M, Sakurai H, Yoshimura Y (1988) Enhancement by streptozotocin of O2"radical generation by the xanthine oxidase system of pancreatic beta cells. Federation of European Biochemical Societies Letter 239(2): 295-298.
    28.
  28. Omidbeigi R (2006) Production and processing of medicinal plants, 3rd volume. Astane Gods publishing: Mashhad. [in Persian]
    29.
  29. Omidbeigi R (2009) Production and processing of medicinal plants. 4th volum. Astane Gods publishing: Mashhad. [in Persian]
    30.
  30. Olorunnisola OS, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ (2011) Antioxidant properties and cytotoxicity evaluation of methanolic extract of dried and fresh rhizomes of Tulbaghia violacea .African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5(22): 2490-2497.
    31.
  31. Olorunnisola OS, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ (2012) Effect of methanolic extract of Tulbaghia violacea rhizomes on antioxidant enzymes and lipid profile in normal rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 6(14): 1026-1030.
    32.
  32. Ostovar A (2006) Effects of walnut consumption on serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL, HDL and glucose in experimental diabetic rats. Master Thesis of Islamic Azad University, Faculty of Veterinary: Tabriz, Iran. [in Persian with English abstract]
    33.
  33. Otles S, Yalcin B (2012) Phenolic compounds analysis of root, stalk and leaves of nettle. Scientific World Journal 2012: 1-12.
    34.
  34. Özen T, Çöllü Z,  Korkmaz H (2010) Antioxidant Properties of Urtica pilulifera Root, Seed, Flower, and Leaf Extract. Journal of Medicinal Food 13(5): 1224-1231.
    35.
  35. Qujeq D, Davary S, Moazzi Z, Mahjoub S (2011) Effect of Urtica dioica leaf extract on activities of nucleoside diphosphate kinase and acetyl coenzyme, a carboxylase, in normal and hyperglycemic rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 5(6): 792–796.
    36.
  36. Rafraf M, Malekian M, Asghari Jafar Abadi M, Ali Asgarzadeh A, Pourmordian S (2015) Effect of fenugreek seeds on serum metabolic factors and ICAM-1 (Intercellular adhesion molecule1) levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences University of Iran 32(69): 11-21. [in Persian with English abstract]
    37.
  37. Rajeev G, Verma S (2015) Study of effects of consumption of powdered fenugreek seeds on serum lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research 6(01): 57-59.
    38.
  38. Ranjbar Omidi B, Armaz F, Agaei M (2012) Effect of dietary fiber (wheat bran) on fasting blood glucose after diet in people with fasting diabetes mellitus. Scientific Journal of the Student Research Committee of Qazvin University 7(26): 26-32. [in Persian]
    39.
  39. Ranjbari A, Azarbayjani MA , Yusof A, Abdul Halim M, Akbarzadeh S, Ibrahim Mohamed Y, Tarverdizadeh B, Farzadinia P, Hajiaghaee R, Dehghan F (2016) In vivo and in vitro evaluation of the effects of Urtica dioica and swimming activity on diabetic factors and pancreatic beta cells. Biomed Central Complementary and Alternative Medicine 16(101):12906-12916.
    40.
  40. Roghani M, Baluchnejad mojarad T, Roghani Dehlordi F (2005) Hypolipidemic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Trigonella foenum-graecum in diabetic rats. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 7(2): 167-171. [in Persian with English abstract]
    41.
  41. Roman RR, Alarcon-Aguilar F, Lara-Lemus A, Flores-Saenz J (1991) hypoglycemic effect of plants used in Mexico as antidiabetics. Archives of Medical Research 23(1): 59–64.
    42.
  42. Shahbazi P, Maleknia N (2002) General biochemistry, 1st volume, 20th edition. University of Tehran publishing: Tehran. [in Persian]
    43.
  43. Shahbazi P, Maleknia N (2002) General Biochemistry, 2nd volume, 20th edition. University of Tehran publishing: Tehran. [in Persian]
    44.
  44. Shakour AS, Ibrahim SA, Mahmoud ME, Yamani YM (2003) Hypoglycemic effect of fenugreek seeds in type 2 diabets mellitus: clinical study. Science Medical Journal: Educating Supervisors and Coaches for Multicultural Europe 15(1): 117-127.
    45.
  45. Sharma R (1986) Effect of fenugreek seeds and leaves on blood glucose and serum insulin responses in human subjects. Nutrition Research 6(12): 1353–64.
    46.
  46. Sharma RD, Sarkar A, Hazra DK (1996) Hypolipidaemic effect of fenugreek seeds: a chronic study in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients. Phytotherapy Research 10(4): 332-334.
    47.
  47. Shafiezade A, Rezaei A, Rahbani Novbar M, Mohajeri D, Rahnamaei Kahnamuei D (2012) The effect of metformin on glucose and lipid profiles and serum oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Comparative Pathobiology, Scientific-Research 10(1): 865-872.
    48.
  48. Swanston-Flatt SK, Day C, Flatt PR, Gould B, Bailey C (1989) Glycemic effects of traditional european plant treatments for diabetes: Studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. Diabetes Research 10(2): 69–73.
    49.
  49. Tabatabaei Malazy O, Heshmat R, Hejazy Mogaddam SA, Taheri E, Soheilykhah S, Darvishzadeh F, Larijani B (2005) Comparison of two types of methformine (Aria Co. and Merck Co.) in type 2 diabetic patients: double blind randomized clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism 5(1): 49-58. [in Persian]
    50.
  50. Tarighat Esfanjani A, Namazi N, Bahrami A, Ehteshami M (2012) Effect of hydro alcoholic extract of nettle (Urtica dioica) on glycemic index and insulin resistance index in type 2 diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 13(6): 561-568. [in Persian with English abstract]
    51.
  51. Vavilova N (1994) Homeopathic pharmacodynamics [in Russian], in 2 parts. Homeopathic Center, Smolensk, Everest, Moscow; 2: 208–211.
    52.
  52. Vijayakumar MV, Bhat MK (2008) Hypoglycemic effect of a novel dialyzed fenugreek seeds extract is sustainable and is mediated, in part, by the activation of hepatic enzymes. Phytotherapy Research 22(4): 500-505.
    53.
  53. Wagner H, Willer F, Samtleben R, Boos G (1994) Search for the ant prostatic principle of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) roots. Phytomedicine 1(3): 213–24.
    54.
  54. Zargar AH, Nehru A, Laway BA, Dar FA (1992) Effect of consumption of powdered fenugreek seeds on blood sugar and HbAIc levels in patients with type ii diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries 12(1): 49-51.
    55.

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