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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating environmental sustainability using ecological footprint index (Case study:Abadan city, in Khouzestan province)
Saeed MohtashamniaIntroduction: The growth and high population density in urban areas and the production of all kinds of domestic and industrial pollutants resulted many consequences on the sustainability of the environment and its biological capacity as well as the quality of human life MoreIntroduction: The growth and high population density in urban areas and the production of all kinds of domestic and industrial pollutants resulted many consequences on the sustainability of the environment and its biological capacity as well as the quality of human life in urban communities. Ecological footprint assessment is one of the methods of measuring sustainable development in urban societies, which is used to measure sustainability in the world. The purpose of this research is to measure the sustainability of Abadan city using the ecological footprint method. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out by using the descriptive-analytical method and by applying the ecological footprint calculation model proposed by Rees and Walkernagel in order to determine the amount of land needed by the residents of Abadan city. The data of this research was mainly quantitative and collected by two documentary and field methods. The studied community included 384 households living in Abadan city and using the statistics and data of the relevant organizations with the subject of research and national statistics and yearbooks. The cluster random sampling method was based on the ten Abadan manicipal regions. Then, the ecological footprint index of food consumption, the amount of carbon dioxide production due to transportation and heating from natural gas, the amount of water consumption, the amount of electricity consumed and the amount of produced waste were calculated. Results and Discussion: Calculations showed that the largest footprint was related to electricity consumption (4252 m2) per person and the lowest related to waste (21 m2) for each citizen. Footprint index of water 56, natural gas 450 , gasoil 3770, petrol 1484 and food 1232 square meters per citizen and the total ecological footprint was calculated 1.12 hectares . Conclusion: The results showed the region climate and the activity of oil industries cause high consumption of energy input increased in hot seasons and the traffic of diesel vehicles because of industries in Abadan increase, So the consumption of diesel fuel is more than gasoline. Although the total per capita ecological footprint of Abadan is less than the world average (1.8 hectares), but the total ecological footprint per population is 5.5% more than the urban environment's carrying capacity, and this requires optimal management of resources and matching this potential with population and resource consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Simultaneous location and design of solar and wind power plants in Fars province in order to reduce greenhouse gases
Mehdi Motevasel saman tashakor mohammad ArghavanIntroduction: Today, the utilization of renewable energy has not only enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of power plants but has also resulted in a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel power plants, offering numerous environmental be MoreIntroduction: Today, the utilization of renewable energy has not only enhanced the efficiency and effectiveness of power plants but has also resulted in a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel power plants, offering numerous environmental benefits for human societies. This research specifically focuses on harnessing the synergistic potential of solar and wind energy to achieve improved cost-efficiency and greater utilization of both resources. The study examined eight cities in Fars province, each with varying climatic conditions. Materials and Methods: The Fuzzy Hierarchy Analysis Process is employed to select the most suitable location within each of the selected cities for the construction of a power plant. To make this selection, various factors, including wind density, solar radiation, population, and susceptibility to natural disasters, are taken into account. The assessment involves the calculation of three key indicators based on mathematical relationships and environmental measurements. These indicators encompass wind density, solar radiation intensity, as well as the population and the vulnerability to natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, and dust storms.Additionally, fuzzy logic is utilized to assign weightings and determine a single value for these three attributes. This value is computed using MATLAB software. Results and Discussion: In this research, the cities of Fars province were compared with four different criteria. According to the survey, the best cities were determined using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis method, and the results show that the best city was Euclid, followed by Safasher and Bowanat. The survey showed that the cities of Kazeroon and Firozabad have the lowest points based on the construction of wind-solar power plants. To analyze the obtained result, different criteria should be checked. It was observed that in the ranking of criteria, the score of solar and wind energy criteria is more important than the other two criteria. Conclusion: The surveys have revealed that the most suitable city for the construction of a wind-solar power plant is Eghlid, followed by Safasher, Bowanat, and Izdakhsht. Conversely, Kazeroon and Firouzabad rank lowest in terms of suitability for such power plant projects.Subsequently, the design of the power plant in the city of Optimum has been thoroughly discussed. In this context, three different operational modes have been considered: one with a 50% reliance on solar energy and 50% on wind energy, another with a 70% reliance on solar energy and 30% on wind energy, and a third with 30% solar and 70% wind energy utilization. The results indicate that the most optimal performance is achieved when 70% of the power production comes from wind turbines and 30% from the solar power plant. This approach proves to be increasingly effective as time progresses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigating the Effects of Dam Failure in the Downstream Lands Case Study: (Tangab Dam Of Firozabad)
ALIREZA غلامیGHOLAMI EHSAN SOHRABI SHEKOFTIIntroduction: The safety management of dams and structures in the first step requires the evaluation of the actual conditions in the rivers. In Iran, due to being located in a dry and semi-arid climate, special attention has been paid to dam construction in economic dev MoreIntroduction: The safety management of dams and structures in the first step requires the evaluation of the actual conditions in the rivers. In Iran, due to being located in a dry and semi-arid climate, special attention has been paid to dam construction in economic development programs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider safety issues and points before building dams. The purpose of this research is to determine the flood trends caused by the dam failure and also the zoning of the flood caused by the failure in the downstream of the dam. Materials and Methods: This research is located in Tangab dam, 13 kilometers northwest of Firozabad city (Kwar-Firoozabad route), which is located on the Firozabad river. This river is the most important branch of Mond river.. In order to carry out this research, firstly, the studies related to the determination of the dam failure parameter, the determination of the failure shape and the time required to create the failure sections, and then the calculations of the flood discharge and the total discharge using 4 experimental methods including Crick-Patrick, America's water and soil protection, reclamation The lands of America, Singh and Storason were done and the results were modeled with HEC-RAS software. Results and Discussion: Based on the results obtained from the estimation of the flood discharge resulting from the dam failure based on the mentioned 4 experimental methods, it was found that the estimated discharge based on the two water and soil protection methods and the creek method was very close (30309 and 30270 cubic meters per second) to So that the difference in this amount is very small. This difference in flood trends and zoning is also very small. The amount of land under flood in both methods is 140 hectares of agricultural lands, 0.5 hectares of industrial lands and 90 hectares of lands in the river area. In the method of Singh and Storason, compared to the other three methods, it shows a lower discharge, according to this method, 133 hectares of agricultural lands are under flood and 84 hectares are in industrial areas. According to this method, industrial lands are not flooded. In the American land reclamation method, compared to the other three methods, it shows a larger discharge equal to 33914 cubic meters per second, as a result of which 161 hectares of agricultural lands, 1 hectare of industrial lands and 100 hectares in the river are flooded. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the American land reclamation method is better than the other mentioned methods because it has estimated more flow in flood calculation. An important result of flood zoning resulting from the breaking of Tangab dam is that the urban area of Firozabad is safe from this flood and the villages are not flooded as far as the studied area is concerned. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the result of the possible failure of the dam, based on this research, the flood caused by the failure of the dam, except for 1 hectare of the industrial sector, which is a very small area, will cause damage only to agricultural lands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The effect of comprehensive modeling of the earth system by the fitting method on lightning overvoltages in isolated wind turbines in the direction of smart arresters
Mehrdad Mahmoudian Sajad SadiThe construction of wind farms in areas with high isochronic number, high tower height, intensification of the electric field due to the sharp tips of the blades and the possible contact of the blades with the nearby clouds, the importance of checking the overvoltage ap MoreThe construction of wind farms in areas with high isochronic number, high tower height, intensification of the electric field due to the sharp tips of the blades and the possible contact of the blades with the nearby clouds, the importance of checking the overvoltage applied to the network The power by the high frequency wave makes the lightning brighter. Also, the wind turbine grounding system should be designed in such a way that, in addition to achieving impedance specifications with standard steady state values, it can effectively drain the lightning current into the ground. In this article, in the simulation of the earth system, the soil ionization phenomenon and the high frequency behavior of its electrodes have been considered so that it can be used as a reference potential to measure the voltage of all points. Then, the vector fitting method has been used to model the earth system. Of course, the input of the vector fitting method can be considered the frequency response of each element which is calculated numerically using common methods such as the FDTD method. Since the use of a more accurate calculation method provides more reliable results to the users, therefore, in this article, the overvoltage to a 2 megawatt wind turbine has been investigated using EMTP specialized software. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Design and simulation of grid-connected hybrid solar-wind power plants to reduce carbon gas emissions in the 30th parallel north
Amirali Ghahramani8 saman tashakorIntroduction: Renewable energy is one of the vital components in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. The use of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal provides energy without greenhouse gas effects on the planet MoreIntroduction: Renewable energy is one of the vital components in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. The use of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal provides energy without greenhouse gas effects on the planet. This study examines the efficiency solar-wind hybrid power plant on the 30th parallel north was studied by simulating energy production in the form of three power generation designs with a nominal capacity of 7 MWh from the solar-wind hybrid power plant in four cities of Cairo, Houston, Chongqing, and Shiraz. The study was conducted using PVsyst, SAM, and Transys software. Materials and Methods: By simulating and analyzing the following three proposed plans in each city and comparing them, it is possible to reach the most efficient range of the power distribution ratio of the combined solar-wind power plant. First plan) 25% of the total power of the power plant is from solar energy and 75% of the total power of the power plant is from wind energy. Second plan) 50% of the total power of the power plant is from solar energy and 50% of the total power of the power plant is from wind energy. Third plan) 75% of the total power of the power plant is from solar energy and 25% of the total power of the power plant is from wind energy. By examining the amount of annual energy injected into the network, the amount and effect of using renewable resources in reducing carbon gas production is analyzed and calculated. Results and Discussion: In addition to providing energy, the combined power plant will increase the reliability factor and preserve non-renewable resources and reduce greenhouse gases. All three software can be used in power plant simulation and analysis and the results are in good agreement. Conclusion: The first design is approximately 30% more efficient than the second design and 85% more than the third design. Shiraz with the production of 48466 megawatts per year reduced carbon dioxide emissions by 23651.408 tons, in Cairo with the production of 45799 megawatts per year the carbon dioxide emissions decreased by 25189.45 tons, Houston with the production of 40979 megawatts per year reduced the carbon dioxide emissions by 15203.209 tons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Manifesting the spirit of privacy adjustment on Iranian extroverted houses (case study: Kolbadi house in Mazandaran province)
Amir Hossein Shirdel Jamaledin Mehdinejad Roshanak NaseriakbarPrivacy adjustment as an important need is the result of regulating the interaction between humans in the environment. adjustment. Creating a suitable space for privacy adjustment in Iranian houses is a fundamental feature of Iranian architecture, which has had a signif MorePrivacy adjustment as an important need is the result of regulating the interaction between humans in the environment. adjustment. Creating a suitable space for privacy adjustment in Iranian houses is a fundamental feature of Iranian architecture, which has had a significant impact on the structure of houses from the beginning. In this regard, the question arises whether the cities on the edge of the Caspian Sea with extroverted architecture are affected by patterns of privacy adjustment? Examining architectural solutions to privacy adjustment in these types of houses has not attracted enough attention of researchers. Therefore, with the aim of identifying common patterns in extroverted homes, this research has collected materials using the library method and field observations. The present article is organized in the form of an interpretive-historical research, which has been used for the analysis of the collected information in a descriptive-analytical manner. The findings of the research show that many extroverted houses in Iran are built in large yards and planting trees inside the yard significantly limits the view into the living space. This factor plays an important role in defining the boundaries of the building. The entrance plays an essential role in connecting the private and public spaces in providing privacy. Also, by creating fractures and angles and the presence of height differences and placement of rooms on the upper floors of the house, the direct view is limited and visual privacy are maintained. The results of the investigation of the effective mechanisms of privacy adjustment in the extroverted house of the Kolbadi house show that while there is a relationship between the inside and the outside of the building, order and mechanisms are applied to maintain and create a state of secrecy, privacy adjustment and restriction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Direct Power Control in Doubly-fed Wind Turbine Induction Generators using Fuzzy Controller
farhad bahadori-jahromiWind is a convenient and powerful source of energy. Power generation in a variable speed wind turbine is an interesting topic; since in wind energy converter systems, maximum utilization can be achieved at any speed. But this system needs its parameters to calculate the MoreWind is a convenient and powerful source of energy. Power generation in a variable speed wind turbine is an interesting topic; since in wind energy converter systems, maximum utilization can be achieved at any speed. But this system needs its parameters to calculate the optimal speed of the turbine. In this article, a control method for tracking the maximum power point in the wind energy converter system is presented, which has been used for simulation and design along with fuzzy control by Mamdani method. In this article, the wind energy converter system is a two-fed induction generator, which is connected to the grid with a rotor and a stator. The input of the control system is the difference between the desired speed of the generator and its actual speed. The optimal speed is the rotational speed at which the generator receives the maximum power from the wind turbine. After conducting simulations and designing a suitable fuzzy controller for the system, it was found that the incorrect selection of a parameter has an adverse effect on the control process of a system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Multi-Objective Operation of the Distribution System Including Wind Turbines, Taking Into Account the Minimization of Environmental Pollution in the Network
Reza SedaghatiIntroduction: The ever-increasing growth of consumption loads and the necessity of proper, timely and reliable supply of power networks require a new attitude in the optimal operation of power systems and lines more than ever. On the other hand, in recent years, there h MoreIntroduction: The ever-increasing growth of consumption loads and the necessity of proper, timely and reliable supply of power networks require a new attitude in the optimal operation of power systems and lines more than ever. On the other hand, in recent years, there has been a lot of support for distributed generation sources based on renewable energies, especially wind turbines. One of the main problems of wind turbines is the problem of extreme wind fluctuations and the dependence of output power on wind speed. Parallel to this problem, in the discussion of network management, the error caused by forecasting the consumption load in the future can also lead to the problem becoming more and more difficult. One of the suitable techniques without initial cost is the method of network topology reconfiguration with the objective of improving the network situation. Materials and Methods: Therefore, in this research, in order to investigate the problem of reconfiguration of the distribution network with the presence of wind turbine sources, a new method for their simultaneous management has been presented. A multi-objective function is considered to reduce the active losses of the network, reduce the overall costs of the network, improve the voltage profile of the existing buses, and reduce the total emissions generated by the network, which uses the firefly optimization algorithm to minimize it. Results and Discussion: Solving the problem of renewing the structure by considering the uncertainty caused by wind turbines is considered. The presence of wind resources in the network has been able to significantly reduce the objective functions. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the American land reclamation method is better than the other mentioned methods because it has estimated more flow in flood calculation. An important result of flood zoning resulting from the breaking of Tangab dam is that the urban area of Firozabad is safe from this flood and the villages are not flooded as far as the studied area is concerned. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the result of the possible failure of the dam, based on this research, the flood caused by the failure of the dam, except for 1 hectare of the industrial sector, which is a very small area, will cause damage only to agricultural lands. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Measuring Urban Livability in Historical Contexts (Example: Baba Taher Neighborhood, Khorramabad)
Somayeh TeymouriThe rapid increase in urbanization in the past few decades has led to various perspectives, including the inequality of services and facilities, the decline in the quality of life, the wear and tear of neighborhoods, etc. This has led to the attention of urban designers MoreThe rapid increase in urbanization in the past few decades has led to various perspectives, including the inequality of services and facilities, the decline in the quality of life, the wear and tear of neighborhoods, etc. This has led to the attention of urban designers and planners on improving the quality of life, who mention this concept under the title of urban livability. The old texture of the cities due to the historical antiquity and the existence of valuable historical elements, suitable communication situation, the location of the city's main market and its economic beating heart, etc., has a unique value and position in the spatial-functional structure of the city. The main goal of this research is to measure and evaluate the indicators of livability in the worn-out structure of Darb Babataher neighborhood in order to improve the viability of this historical structure. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and research-applied. The data was collected using a questionnaire, which was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha method, and the reliability of the questionnaires was confirmed using the Cronbach's alpha test, which was 0.851, which shows that the reliability of the questionnaires is at an acceptable level. In the final stage, the data was analyzed using t-test and Fisher's test, and among the factors affecting livability, urban services dimension with an average value of 134.26 and historical dimension with an average value of 69.93 were respectively the worst and best dimensions in life. The acceptability of the neighborhood has been recognized. However, it can be analyzed that although this neighborhood is considered the most important historical neighborhood of the city and is located in the center of the city, the desirable standards of life and its livability are at a very poor level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effects of the amount of water usage on quality and quantity of sugar beet cultivars
اسماعیل نبی زادهLimitation of irrigation water during years with low rainfall has a remarkable impact on the root yield and income of sugar beet growers. In 2008 an experiment was conducted on the farm of Agricultural Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Mahabad in order to study the ef MoreLimitation of irrigation water during years with low rainfall has a remarkable impact on the root yield and income of sugar beet growers. In 2008 an experiment was conducted on the farm of Agricultural Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Mahabad in order to study the effects of amount of water usage on the quality and quantity of sugar beet. In this study three irrigation treatments; I1, I2 and I3 (8243,7419 and 6594 water use per ha) were applied to two sugar beet cultivars. The results showed that with the increase of the amount of water use from I1 to I2, root yield, impure sugar, root Na and the extractable sugar decreased, but the percentage of sugar and the amount of detrimental root Na increased significantly. The maximum root yield in L1 increased to 49.5 t/ha while it decreased to 31.06 t/ha in I3. With the decrease of irrigation water use the sugar yield decreased to 5.57 in I3 compared with 9.08 in I1. The amounts of Na and K in I2 were maximum whose accumulation in the roots of the two cultivars had a significant difference. In general, the results of the study showed that the yield could be assumed as a product of (root yield x impure sugar) and it is a criterion for the growers' income. The treatment I2 can be recommended for the conditions of the cities in the vicinity of Miyandoab Sugar Factory in order to obtain the maximum sugar yield and use the minimum water. Meanwhile, we have to consider the suitable cultivar for the areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - An analysis on the policies of organizing worn-out fabrics in informal settlements (Case study: Pars-Abad city)
yousef ziyadi Azadeh Arbabi SabzevariToday, one of the major destabilizing challenges of the country's cities is a type of urbanization with acute problems known as informal settlements or marginal settlements and worn-out structures inside these settlements. The general situation of urban life in developi MoreToday, one of the major destabilizing challenges of the country's cities is a type of urbanization with acute problems known as informal settlements or marginal settlements and worn-out structures inside these settlements. The general situation of urban life in developing countries has created a worrying situation during the past decades. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the policies of organizing worn-out fabrics in the informal settlements of Pars Abad city. This research is applied in terms of targeting and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. In order to collect data and information, two methods of library-documents and field method of survey have been used. The statistical population of this research is 384 residents of Pars Abad city. In order to analyze the obtained data and information, Spearman's test was used in Spss software. The findings showed that the organizing policies in the worn-out informal settlements of Parsabad, Moghan city are not in a good condition and all 4 organizing policies (renovation, improvement, protection and prevention of degeneration, identification) and their indicators and success rate. are not in good condition. The results of the evaluation of the questionnaire through Spearman's test showed that there is a significant relationship between organizing policies and good urban governance in such a way that various indicators of organizing policies such as renovation, improvement, conservation and prevention of degeneration, policies Identification and related topics such as policy effectiveness, policy effectiveness, policy appropriateness, public acceptance and public education, location identification, attention to distributive justice and information at the level of context and attention to the problem of poverty at the level of informal settlements, all They have a high impact on governance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - شناسایی و بررسی مولفه های کلیدی موثر بر ارتقاء نظام مدیریت هوشمندی فناوری در صنایع تولید توربین بادی
Hamid Mohtadi Reza Rafar abbas toloieانواع هوشمندی از عوامل مهم تاثیرگذار در سرعت سریع پیشرفت های فناورانه و انقلاب های صنعتی چهارم می باشد. از مهمترین انواع هوشمندی، هوشمندی فناوری است که نقش بسزایی در ارائه محصول یا خدمت جدید دارد. هر چند هوشمندی فناوری قابل مدیریت نیست، اما دارای مولفه هایی می باشد که Moreانواع هوشمندی از عوامل مهم تاثیرگذار در سرعت سریع پیشرفت های فناورانه و انقلاب های صنعتی چهارم می باشد. از مهمترین انواع هوشمندی، هوشمندی فناوری است که نقش بسزایی در ارائه محصول یا خدمت جدید دارد. هر چند هوشمندی فناوری قابل مدیریت نیست، اما دارای مولفه هایی می باشد که مدیریت این مولفه ها، سطح مدیریت هوشمندی فناوری را ارتقاء می دهد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل مدیران و کارشناسان صنعت تولید توربین بادی می باشند و برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها از معادلات ساختاری با نرم افزار Smart PLS استفاده نموده ایم. در این مقاله مولفه های مدیریت هوشمندی فناوری در صنعت تولید توربین بادی را شناسایی نموده و متغیرهای تاثیر گذار در هرمولفه که در ارتقاء نظام مدیریت هوشمندی فناوری این صنعت، مهم است را مشخص و با نظر خبرگان دسته بندی، و در جهت بهبود آنها پیشنهاداتی ارائه کرده ایم. نتایج حاکی از آن است که مولفه های کلیدی تاثیر گذار بر ارتقاء نظام مدیریت هوشمندی فناوری عبارتند از :پویش محیطی، مدیریت نوآوری، مدیریت دانش، مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، مدیریت فناوری، مدیریت تحقیق و توسعه، و مدیریت استراتژیک. به عبارتی توجه به شاخص های هریک از این مولفه ها تاثیر معناداری بر ارتقاء مدیریت هوشمندی فناوری در صنعت تولید توربین باد می تواند داشته باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - “Happiness” in Iranian Hikmat and its Influence on Islamic Iran
پروانه عروج نیاHikmat (Iranian ancient wisdom), which mostly appears in Gahan- the primary collection of sacred songs of Zoroastrianism- leaves traces in some of Andarz-Nameh-a kind of literature containing advice and orders for gaining right behavior- has unique characteristics. The MoreHikmat (Iranian ancient wisdom), which mostly appears in Gahan- the primary collection of sacred songs of Zoroastrianism- leaves traces in some of Andarz-Nameh-a kind of literature containing advice and orders for gaining right behavior- has unique characteristics. The most important feature of this wisdom is a kind of intellectualism which subjectively leads to inner happiness, and man's quest for a joyful and peaceful life in this world (Giti) as well as in the other one (Minoo), and objectively brings about truthfulness, beneficence, good reputation, and in all prosperity in the world. Traces of this worldly wisdom have, to some extent, remained in the works of some writers and poets until the 5th century. The present article tries to describe the principles of this intellectualism in Iranian ancient wisdom and its relation to happiness, its consequences and impact on Iranian culture in Islamic era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Islamic Education in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria (1893-1960)
Oladiti Abiodun Akeem Kamal-deen Olawale SulaimanThis paper examines how the growth of Islamic literacy and the Muslims participation in Western education were influenced since 1893 to 1960 when the British authorities compelled to agree whit establishing and improving the Muslim educational institutions and so the sc MoreThis paper examines how the growth of Islamic literacy and the Muslims participation in Western education were influenced since 1893 to 1960 when the British authorities compelled to agree whit establishing and improving the Muslim educational institutions and so the schools promoted Islamic culture and thought as well as Arabic language. They maintained regulation and control of the structure, curriculum and teachers of the school. It seems that the schools promoted religious pluralism among the various religious groups in Ibadan. The study also notes that the British did not support Islamic groups financially to build their school and suggesting that the genuine interest in reducing the imbalance between western education among Muslims and Christians in Ibadan is in doubt. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Nūshābād’s Zīlū: The Earliest Known Zīlū from Islamic Persia
Mohamad Reza Ghiasian Mohammad Mashhadi Noosh AbadiAlthough zīlūproduction has been mentioned in the historical texts of the tenth century, the surviving examples belong to the sixteenth century onwards. Some scholars have considered a zīlūwoven in Maybod and dated 808/1405 as the earliest known zīlū, but they have mist MoreAlthough zīlūproduction has been mentioned in the historical texts of the tenth century, the surviving examples belong to the sixteenth century onwards. Some scholars have considered a zīlūwoven in Maybod and dated 808/1405 as the earliest known zīlū, but they have mistaken in reading the date and it belongs to the Safavid period. The only known pre- Safavid zīlūis preserved in the Hermitage museum. Historians of Islamic art believe that this zīlūbears no date and introduce it as one of the masterpieces of Ilkhanid art. This paper with careful scrutiny of both artistic style and inscriptions offers a new suggestion for its weaving date. It can be hypothesized that this zīlūhas been woven in Ramadan 808/1406 in Nūshābād, a small town near Kashan. Thus it can be considered as the earliest dated zilu surviving from Islamic Persia. One of the important questions concerning this zīlūaddresses its function. Although other scholars considered this flatweave as a saf – carpet with repeated niche designs that may have been intended for large congregational mosques, use of Quranic inscriptions in a carpet, which would be trodden on by feet would have been disrespectful. Regarding the content of the inscriptions shows that it probably was a prayer rug and connects it to sufi circles Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Designing a the successor organization model based on elite policy in Abadan Oil Refining Company
Masood Ghezelbash Seed Mojtaba Mahmoodzadeh Hamed Dehginan Vahid KhasheiBackground: Organizations will face increasing competitive challenges in the future. To manage these challenges, there is a need to design an emerging face in the form of a successor organization to ensure the future success of the organization. Purpose: In this researc MoreBackground: Organizations will face increasing competitive challenges in the future. To manage these challenges, there is a need to design an emerging face in the form of a successor organization to ensure the future success of the organization. Purpose: In this research, an attempt is made to examine the current state of talent management, succession management and organizational policies of the researched society from different angles and in accordance with the indicators, components and effective factors and internal and external organizational characteristics of the succession organization and with the spirit of elitism. and meritocracy, a comprehensive and integrated model and model of the successor organization based on the policy of elitism should be presented in Abadan Oil Refining Company. Method: The research method is mixed, therefore, a quantitative and qualitative (mixed) approach is used to design and develop a comprehensive model. To select the sample size from the snowball method based on the opinions of 17 experts and during three stages of open, central and selective coding. Used. Findings: 63 concepts and 16 categories were extracted, of which the successor organization category was the central category and 15 other items formed the data theory components of the research foundation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Identify effective factors on Job safety Performance in Small and medium industries of Qazvin Province (case study textile)
zeynab yekta Klosforoshi Reza Ehtesham RasiThese days in the competitive world, most of organizations found that the safety management and labor health are to be inseparable part of themselves and value them the same as other managements in the organization. The main goal of this research is to identify influenc MoreThese days in the competitive world, most of organizations found that the safety management and labor health are to be inseparable part of themselves and value them the same as other managements in the organization. The main goal of this research is to identify influencing factors on the performance of workforce health in organizations. In this paper, statistical population is the small and medium textile industries in Qazvin province with 800 workers that by taking the total number of population and Morgan chart into account, the sample size is 260 workers. The data analyzed by the structural equation modeling technique and the AMOS software. Through the analyzes of the data it is shown that in medium industries independent variables have great meaningful effect of dependent variables. While in small industries only the risk management effects on the safety following and safety participation. Results show the influence of safety leadership and risk management on increasing safety behavior and workers satisfaction. These findings are important for the management; because, it shows evidences about the factors that encourage companies to decrease risk and optimize their safety performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - تأثیر دیپلماسی رسانه ای بر تبادل فرهنگی کشورها
عبدالرضا شاه محمدی علیرضا قرائتی -
Open Access Article
19 - '
M. Saniee R. Jame -
Open Access Article
20 - Analysis of Hydrodynamic Behavior of Windbreaks in the Average Internal Temperature of Semi-Warm and Arid Climates in Kashan with the Aim of Greater Efficiency
Mohammad Ali Karbasfurooshha Fereshteh Habib Hossein ZabihiOne of the ways to achieve a building with higher energy efficiency and an efficient system is to use local architectural experiences. In the meantime, a windbreak is one of the elements used in the past to create comfort in Kashan's hot and dry climates. The interior o MoreOne of the ways to achieve a building with higher energy efficiency and an efficient system is to use local architectural experiences. In the meantime, a windbreak is one of the elements used in the past to create comfort in Kashan's hot and dry climates. The interior of these settlements in this climate aims to greater efficiency of this element by CFD software, Energy Plus, and Open Studio with a descriptive-analytical method and then analyzed the results. It has water spray, and one of the leading causes of temperature drop in these wind deflectors is the proportionality of the dimensions-the air inlet valve to the wind deflector, water temperature, dimensions, and height of the wind deflector column. Iranian indigenous architecture's interaction with the climate is a deep and ancient interaction that has long been using its experiences and techniques to create an architecture with maximum energy savings in Iran's climatic areas. The process of formation of these techniques in the length of time and in order to adapt to the climate while utilizing the natural force in the environment has created a suitable natural space for users. Innovative technology reduces the long-standing concern of architects in saving and optimizing energy consumption in buildings. In the meantime, the windbreak is one of the elements used in the past to create comfort in Kashan's hot and dry climates. They were used to move and cool the air in the building. The primary function of the wind deflectors was to direct the outside air into the building, relative cooling by establishing a flow at work and people living in different cities and places. Research has proven that the wind deflector is a suitable device for natural ventilation of the indoor air to reduce the internal temperature of the building and create thermal comfort for the residents. Traditional windbreaks are correctly designed according to the day's needs and have been widely used in hot and dry areas of Iran. What is certain is that the use of this element in today's world requires its adaptation to today's life. Today's cities and buildings have different faces, and windbreaks are limited. And analyze how it operates in terms of form and function. Comparison of the results of the analysis of wind speed in wind turbines and how the wind is oriented in the interior shows. Due to the low thermal mass of the windbreak walls compared to the room, the temperature fluctuation is always higher than the room. To reduce the room temperature further, the priority is to use a spray windshield over windshield wipers. Especially, windshields with water spray in which most of the room has a temperature of 298 K are approximately equal to 25 degrees Celsius and are in Kashan city's thermal comfort range. One of the main factors in this Temperature drop proportionality of dimensions- air inlet valve to the windshield, water temperature, measurements, and height of the windshield column. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Defining a Method for Measuring and Enhancing Urban Resilience to Climate Change based on Landscape Ecology Theories (Case study:Yousef Abad Neighborhood,Tehran)
Elmira Shirgir Mostafa Behzadfar Reza KheyroddinThe growing number of cities in the world face a wide range of hazards, which are affected by factors such as the increased urban population and climate change. Urban development and climate change are closely related and interlinked. Today, the direct and indirect effe MoreThe growing number of cities in the world face a wide range of hazards, which are affected by factors such as the increased urban population and climate change. Urban development and climate change are closely related and interlinked. Today, the direct and indirect effects of climate change can be seen in countries with the lowest effect on global warming and climate change. Cities that are exposed to the risk of climate change are very vulnerable. Climate change is a globally widespread phenomenon. These cities can be said susceptible. In recent years, to cope with the adverse challenges caused by climate change, the concepts of urban ecological resilience, specifically, climate resilience have been introduced. Climate resilience is a type of urban ecological resilience, which is defined as urban resilience to climate change. In this respect, in recent years, two urban resilience concepts have been introduced to reduce these negative effects. Resilience is the ability of a system to absorb the disturbances while maintaining the basic structure in the same way and the functional methods, the capacity for self-organization and the capacity to adapt to stress and change and the capability to build back the system into its condition before a shock or intense change. Adaption to climate change focuses on reducing the vulnerability to these negative changes. Resilience has different aspects, among which climate resilience as a subcategory of urban ecological resilience is considered in this study, which includes the adaptation to and mitigation of the risks and adverse effects of climate. However, urban green infrastructure has various vital functions, including environmental, social, etc. The urban green infrastructure (UGI), according to research, has been effective in reducing the impacts of climate change in cities and enhancing climate resilience. Reviewing existing literature on the urban green infrastructure related to its role in creating urban (climate) resilience, it seems that the features of green infrastructure and which one is effective based on the development, analysis, and evaluation of urban resilience to climate change. These have not been properly addressed so far, and in general, no exact factors have been provided to assess this kind of resilience. It seems that the characteristics of urban green infrastructure can be used as an important factor affecting climate resilience in cities to achieve such factors for assessing the quality of climate resilience. Moreover, the neighborhood scale has not been fully studied in the existing literature. Given the theoretical gap existing in this field, this question arises: "How and based on which features of the green infrastructure can we assess and analyze climate resilience in a city?” To answer this question, landscape ecology principles and the relationship between them and green infrastructure in cities were studied. The relationship was developed in the Yousef Abad neighborhood of Tehran and was qualitatively tested using aerial images, field surveys, and preparation of basic and analytical GIS maps. Finally, ‘effective qualities in assessing climate resilience in cities using UGI based on landscape ecology were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Wind tunnel flow simulation and aerodynamic shape optimization of tall buildings to improve the drag coefficient under wind forces
Abdollah Baghaei Daemei seyed rahman eghbali Hossein Moez Payam BahramiAerodynamic behavior is an important characteristic of tall and ductile buildings, so aerodynamic design can play a key role in reducing the wind effects. A tall building response to wind can be controlled by application of aerodynamic improvements to building’s d MoreAerodynamic behavior is an important characteristic of tall and ductile buildings, so aerodynamic design can play a key role in reducing the wind effects. A tall building response to wind can be controlled by application of aerodynamic improvements to building’s design in order to manipulate the wind flow pattern and break the effective wind force acting on the structure. Traditionally the approach of structural engineers to mitigating wind loading and associated deflections and motions on tall buildings was to stiffen the building with the aim of increasing the natural frequency. Tall buildings are extremely sensitive to the wind. Thus, assessment of wind loads to design these buildings is essential. Monitoring the wind, which is forcing extraordinary tall buildings, is highly challenging. Due to increasing construction in recent decades, the study on wind flow over tall buildings has become a popular subject in theoretical research and applied engineering applications. By looking at recent constructions in Iran, it is obvious that despite the fact that constructing tall buildings is spreading, there is less concentration on environmental factors such as the wind’s aerodynamic. In tall buildings, aerodynamic behavior generally becomes important. The wind-induced building response of tall buildings can be reduced by means of aerodynamic from design and modifications that change the flow pattern around the building or break up the wind affecting the building face. Aerodynamic-based design can be divided into two types, “aerodynamic architectural design” and “aerodynamic architectural modifications” and their subgroups. The accurate estimation of the critical response parameters, such as top floor accelerations and displacements, is of fundamental importance when ensuring reliable designs of tall buildings. Methods to this end are typically set in a modal analysis framework and therefore require the estimation of the generalized forcing functions. Tall buildings are particularly prone to dynamic excitations such as those from natural disasters like strong winds and earthquakes, and this has become an especially important design issue. One way to minimize wind-induced vibrations of tall buildings is to focus more on their shapes in the design stage. Investigated aerodynamic forces and wind pressures acting on tall buildings with various unconventional configurations. The proposed of this research, investigation of aerodynamic shape optimization on tall buildings in order to reduce drag force. The aerodynamic forms such as a set-back, tapered and helical (twisted) and also aerodynamic modifications such as a chamfered corner, rounded corner and recessed corner to control and reduce wind forces and vortices on tall buildings are considered. On this basis, the study was carried out with numerical simulation of wind tunnel test on 29 building models. In order to construct 3D models, AutoCAD 2014 software was deployed and also to numerically simulate wind tunnel Autodesk Flow Design 2014 is used. Building samples were entered into the software via format FBX. The results showed that for a tall building with a triangular footprint and height of about 150 meters, base shape with chamfered corners of aerodynamic modification and tapered of aerodynamic form can have the best aerodynamic behavior against wind forces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Improving Quality of Social Integration with an Emphasis on Morphology Feature (Case Study: Abadan s' Neighborhoods)
Somayeh Abuali مصطفی بهزادفر Hamid MajediPromoting "Social Integration" can be considered as an approach to "Segregation" and "Social Exclusion". Neighborhood with disparate characteristics reflects the mutual attributes such as race, income, lifestyle and nationality. This matter is an objective fact in moder MorePromoting "Social Integration" can be considered as an approach to "Segregation" and "Social Exclusion". Neighborhood with disparate characteristics reflects the mutual attributes such as race, income, lifestyle and nationality. This matter is an objective fact in modern settlements which leads to social conflicts, variance, etc. Thus, social Integration has been considered as a new trend in design and development of the city. Physical interpretation of this policy in terms of physical is creating neighborhoods which can place a variety of age, gender, ethnic-racial background, income, etc. In this regard, many urban designers and planners have supported social mixed communities and tried to promote social Integration, using different concepts such as creation of safe spaces, public areas vibrant, mixed use, etc. These protagonists believe this approach leads to viability, economic health, security and sustainability of place. Also it is affected by functional, morphological and social features of urban design. The purpose of this study is measuring the role of morphology in promoting the "social & diversity Integration" term. Morphological feature of urban design describes the qualities which are related to physical environment. Segmentation and block pattern, land use and roads are the most effective parameters in physical qualities of urban spaces. Regarding this issue, fifteen neighborhoods in Abadan has been chose. The amount of mixing in these neighborhoods had been assessed in three levels of low, medium and high. Among them, four neighborhoods got the lowest and highest valuation: Amiri and Ahmadabad have the most amount of mixing and Northern and Southern Bovarde have the less deal in opposite. The main question of this research asks if there is any relation between main components of morphology feature and the amount of social Integration in case studies. The hypothesis tries to find a meaningful and rational relation between divisibility of place and urban design solutions in morphology feature. Relevant parameters such as job type, income level, education level, race, family type and lifestyle have been investigated using library studies and field visits. Also different qualitative and quantitative analytical methods have been used. To get quantitative data, the results of filled questionnaires had been analyzed in SPSS. Qualitative measuring of social & diversity Integration in mentioned neighborhoods is based on using "Simpson" formula. By reviewing the relevant concepts, theories and analyzing case studies, the hypothesis has been tested. The criteria and effective factors on morphology feature of urban design are defined in the final part. The result shows the effectiveness of two factors: mixing and connection. The term "mixing" is about two subjects: 1- mix of housing types, 2- mixture of facilities in order to support different demands and deficiencies in a neighborhood. In presentation of different house types with different house prices in neighborhoods leads to positive social interactions among citizens with different age, race or income. Therefore, it will lead to betterment the social qualities in presence of unequal circumstances in neighborhood, Regarding morphological issues, "Connection" depends on accessibility and traffic network rather than social interactions, as it helps interactions itself. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Assessment of the Factors Affecting Aesthetic Quality in Urban Housing (Case Study: Jamal Abad)
Afsaneh Masumi Maryam Ghalambor DezfulyThroughout human history, beauty has always been at the center of individual needs. Getting to a desirable and beautiful environment is the expectation that every citizen has from the environment. Today, due to urbanization and modern-life and the provision of housing, MoreThroughout human history, beauty has always been at the center of individual needs. Getting to a desirable and beautiful environment is the expectation that every citizen has from the environment. Today, due to urbanization and modern-life and the provision of housing, the aesthetic aspect of urban spaces and housing has been neglected and more attention has been paid to functional and economic dimensions. This is descriptive-analytic research, based on the fundamental-practical purpose. Information gathering of this research refers to using qualitative and content-based exploratory studies. The purpose of this research is to achieve the principles and criteria for designing urban housing and beautiful residential environment. In this regard, because of overlooking the building's interior in urban design, in this research, the domain of design refers to its structure and its features studied on a micro-level. On the other hand, the quality of the building and surrounding environment that correspond to the residential area studied in a macro level. According to the structure of the Maslow neighborhood pyramid, the neighborhood must satisfy the basic needs of its inhabitants, such as shelter demanding, the provision of basic and daily needs, easy and convenient access to services. Finally, the neighborhood should be pleasing and attractive. Beauty is not just in the bodywork and facade of the buildings. Not only is objective beauty but also it would be a mental one. This leads to paying more attention to the memories, values, identities, partnerships and social interactions, increasing in the human mind. This research indicates that the feeling of beauty is not restricted to the environment. However, beauty should include all the dimensions of the constructive space, which are physical, functional, social, perceptual, and environmental. Beauty is understandable and sensible in both objective and subjective dimensions. This shows that beauty includes three dimensions of structural, sensory and mental features. In beautiful structure dimension if the principles, rules and common features of beautiful phenomena reproduce properly, an artificial phenomenon, the phenomenon will be built to beauty. In the sensual aspect of beauty, beauty is not only limited to the visual world, but it is perceived through the five senses. Moreover, the subjective beauty of the factors affecting the perception of beauty in the mind, such as cultures, values, inherent sensitivities, etc. The results of the research demonstrate that the availability of the aesthetics qualification in the dimensions of the constructive space, known as physical, functional, social, perceptual and environmental, is necessary to have indicators in this dimension. Therefore, through these indicators, beauty can be felt in all dimensions of the space constructor and these beauties are objective and subjective. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Investigating the Concepts of Orientation in Yazd Mosques
Hossain Naseri Sadegh BakhtiaiThe mosque's form, as the place of human connection with its creator (Allah) and the world around him, carries the geometrical features that reflect Allah’s commands. Understanding the diversity and multiplicity of these geometrical plans can be helpful in better MoreThe mosque's form, as the place of human connection with its creator (Allah) and the world around him, carries the geometrical features that reflect Allah’s commands. Understanding the diversity and multiplicity of these geometrical plans can be helpful in better understanding the standpoint of architects and builders. Geometry can even affect the mechanical function of a place of worship. The science of geometry in Islamic architecture lies in the perfection of its reflection of the physical world and its representation of how strongly humanity is governed by geometry. The use of geometry is apparent in the arches, domes, muqarnas etc. But the use of geometry in the Islamic architecture is very different from the application of geometry in the sacred building or secular building. In the axis, making the qibla concept is significant. The qibla wall indicates the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the direction that Muslims should face when praying. Direction of Mecca is called the qibla, and so the wall in which the mihrab is set is called the qibla wall. No matter where a mosque is, its mihrab indicates the direction of Mecca. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of the Qiblah axis on the geometric diversity of Yazd mosque plans which are also known as Dar al-Abad. Yazd has been selected as the study sample due to a large number of historical mosques and the use of different shapes and geometries in mosque design. Yazd is located in the middle of the Iranian plateau. The earthen architecture of Yazd has escaped the modernization that destroyed many traditional earthen towns, retaining its traditional, traditional houses, mosques, and historic building. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical method approach to answer these questions that if orientation toward the Qibla axis has an effect on the geometric and axial arrangement of Yazd mosque plans and also, how many types of geometric and axial arrangements have been used. Data required in this research are obtained through library documents, the Archives of Cultural Heritage organization, and related books and articles. Finally, it was concluded that the geometry of the Yazd mosque plan was influenced by the Qiblah axis, in terms of geometrical axes it is divided into three classes which include، single axis, double axes, and multi-axis; and in terms of Geometric shape, it is divided to، plan with right-angled geometric shape, the combination of right-angled, and non-right-angled geometric shapes. In each of these mosques, depending on the regularity or irregularity of the geometry of the planned site, the architect has contemplated measures such as adding extensions and sidings to the mosque or rotating the plan. Finally, a pure, ordered geometric space is obtained as a result of purposeful design. The results also show that using different shapes and axes in the construction of Yazd mosques, with the ingenuity and intelligence of the architects of these buildings, has finally created a purposeful link between the body and the spiritual goals of these buildings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - The impact of physical differences between traditional and company houses on the lifestyle of people in Abadan (A case study of traditional and company houses in the time period of 1390-1357 AH)
Fatemeh Motaghedi Vida Taghvaei Mohamad Ebrahim MazharyAbstractStatement of the Problem : The living space of a person , from the house to the neighborhood and the city , shows his / her beliefs and the way of life . Research on the relationship between lifestyle and physical living space of the people , has opened the door MoreAbstractStatement of the Problem : The living space of a person , from the house to the neighborhood and the city , shows his / her beliefs and the way of life . Research on the relationship between lifestyle and physical living space of the people , has opened the door to an interdisciplinary discussion that is related to anthropology and sociology , on the one hand , and to the physical and semantic characteristics of the home on the other . If we consider lifestyle beyond everyday life and home beyond physical and meaningful features , we can consider that a person’s lifestyle influences his / her shaping of his / her house , and on the other hand , the physical shape and form of the house that he/she lives in it will be affected ; an effect which is continuous . Now, if this person settled in a pre-arranged house (as what happened in Abadan after the oil industry), the sequence of the influence imposed on the lifestyle and the type of housing will be cut off and another kind of connection will be established between the person and his/her place of residence.Research question : What physical differences did the residents of Abadan’s corporate homes experience in the new housing , and which components affected their lifestyle ?Purposes of the research : By reflecting on the concept of lifestyle, this study will try to explain the relationship between the characteristics of the lifestyle and the shape of the residence and examine the relationship between the two. In this way, it will investigate the impact of the lifestyle of the people of Abadan on the shape of imported housing and urban development, which was established after the establishment of the refinery and at the same time appeared with the formation of the new city of Abadan.Methodology : The research method for data collection in this research is the method of documentary and library studies and a qualitative strategy will be used to analyze the relationship between the house and the lifestyle of the residents and also to compare the samples. Also, this research is a fundamental-applied research , in which the methods of interpretation and correlation have been used as the strategy and method of research.The most important findings and conclusion : According to the research results , the lifestyle of the people of Abadan has been affected by the shape of the different houses , in which they have been housed , in a way that their lifestyle has changed significantly as compared to their lifestyle before settling in this city and the physical space of the new housing have clearly influenced the habits , the social relations and the livelihoods of the residents ; hence by influencing their cultural , economic and social capital , their consumption patterns , behavioral patterns , tastes , leisure time and social roles have been changed , too.Keywords: Lifestyle ; Architecture ; Housing ; Abadan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Data mining on the ossibility study of urban fabric's physical change modeling
ناجی پژمان ضیایی محمد نقی زاده سید مصطفی مختابادUrban expansion has been a very important topic not only in the management of sustainable development, but also in the fields of remote sensing and geographic information science. Urban planners also encounter a huge challenge to require the understanding of the complex MoreUrban expansion has been a very important topic not only in the management of sustainable development, but also in the fields of remote sensing and geographic information science. Urban planners also encounter a huge challenge to require the understanding of the complex urban growth process, which involves various factors with different patterns of behavior. Modeling of an urban development pattern is the prerequisite to understanding the process and might be the first step in making a decision on urban planning. The main issues of great importance in land use modeling include spatial dynamics, temporal dynamics, incorporation of human drivers of land use changes, and scale dynamics. Dynamic simulation models and empirical estimation models have been used to model land use changes. Rule-based simulation models are mostly suitable for incorporating spatial interaction effects and handling temporal dynamics. However, Cellular Automata (CA) models do not focus on interpretation or understanding of Spatio-temporal processes of urban growth. Most dynamic simulation models cannot incorporate enough socioeconomic variables. Empirical estimation models use statistical techniques to model the relationships between land use changes and the drivers based on historic data. As an empirical estimation method, a regression model has been used in deforestation analysis, agriculture, and urban growth modeling.This paper tends to apply a regression to model urban changes in the old part of the Kermanshah city (Faizabad neighborhood) from 1956 to 2011. In this regard, multi-temporal airborne images were used as a data source. According to the common assumptions, urban physical forms are characterized as the results of a complex deliberation process that involves consideration of many factors. Monitoring of urban fibers transformation through airborne images and translating the obtained data provide a systematic database which can be used in empirical analyses. Applying a grid network for the first time yields the images to quantify obtained results from every cell of the network. In the second step, each cell value recorded for the available temporal period and the Minitab 16 software were used to gain regression equations from these values. The nearest relation between cells value in an observed period was provided by the software as a quadratic equation. Adding an appropriate value to equations gives an estimated amount for its related cell in the selected period of time. The approach was calibrated for 2016 by cross comparing of actual and simulated cells value. In order to examine the modeling precision, the same process was done for 2016 images and cells data were extracted. After the cross comparing, the simulation results were consonant more than 70% with actual data of 2016, which was satisfactory to approve the calibration process. Urban development programs and non-professional interventions in this case study area caused to more disparities and dismantle the logic of the model. Simplicity and the easiness of the proposed model are main privileges in comparison with the previous ones. In summary, this model can be used as a quick responsible way to predict urban changes in specific areas which give acceptable schematic responses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Finding Records of Wind Catcher in order to Demonstrate of its Iranian Identity
Mahnaz Mahmoudi S. Majid Mofidi Wind tower is a part of Iranian vernacular architecture in hot and dry and hot and humid climates. It is building form ingredient that has climatic application. A traditional wind tower that served as a cooling system, used to provide acceptable venti More Wind tower is a part of Iranian vernacular architecture in hot and dry and hot and humid climates. It is building form ingredient that has climatic application. A traditional wind tower that served as a cooling system, used to provide acceptable ventilation by means of renewable energy of wind. Unfortunately, the contemporary architecture of Iran is entirely diverted this important architectural element in the arid areas. A wind catcher is one of master piece of Iranian architectural design the date and record in which it was aced in Iran have remained unknown because of its location on the highest part of building which is being destructed as the first part helped by two archeological and literary areas this study has endeavored to take a stride to introduce the cultural- historical identity of Iran by demonstrating the record of wind catcher in pre Islamic area of Iran and also illustrate on the argument documents the record of its use in Iran prior to the Arabs of Persian Gulf. The research focuses on the analytical and descriptive survey and the results have been obtained by deducting documents and historical texts. It has attempted to demonstrations its long record of use in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Omparative Evaluation of the Citizens’ Sense of Belonging to Ayalat Square of Urmia and Hassan Abad Square of Tehran through the Study of Place Identity
S.Rahman Eghbali Razieh Zeynali Elnaz EsmaeiliThe old cities of Iran have different qualities that some of them cannot be seen in contemporary cities. Experiencing the invasion of cars and people’s new life style during the last century, old city gradually lost their forms and function. Such changes caused ne MoreThe old cities of Iran have different qualities that some of them cannot be seen in contemporary cities. Experiencing the invasion of cars and people’s new life style during the last century, old city gradually lost their forms and function. Such changes caused new challenges and demands by which various qualities of old cities have been altered or vanished forever, as urban cohesion and wholeness. Cohesion and wholeness are two related concepts where the former one is a fundamental condition to reach the later one. In this paper, wholeness is defined as an integrated system, consisted of different elements and their relations which can tolerate no changes, since a trivial one may change it into another system. Moreover, cohesion is considered as an important quality of relations between different elements of the whole. Although cohesion can be seen with various scales in different layers of cities, the layer that is emphasized in this paper is the built environment.For the theoretical framework of this paper, we used complexity theory with emphasis on Christopher Alexander and Nikos Salingaros theories about wholeness and coherent urban form. We extracted principals of urban coherence to evaluate the cohesion of central part of Shiraz and to make design guidelines to achieve cohesion. These principles are: coupling, diversity, boundary, forces, organization, hierarchy, interdependence, and decomposition. And also a wide range of valid records, documents, and maps are used which enabled us to illustrate the main structure of this old city, before its destruction in Pahlavi era. Taking into account all of these principles, we focused on these questions: does cohesion exist in the ancient area of this city? Can we find some application of these principals in the old city that could be as a foundation for design guidelines?As our first contribution, we used the principles and evaluated their existence by applying them to an old area of Shiraz city which dates back to the Zand dynasty. Due to our promising results, mentioned principles can be seen in old city. On one hand, the existence of these principles in the old city means that the old area follows the rules of complex system theory so it emphasizes that the old area is a coherent area. On the other hand, it suggests some design principals and patterns that can be considered as a foundation for design guidelines towards coherence and coupling contemporary city. Our second contribution is a design guideline for cohering contemporary cities by connecting two adjacent areas. These guidelines are: complementarity of adjacent areas, increasing the permeability of area in its edges, reducing unlimited views, reducing parcel size of edges, reducing the distance between adjacent areas, increasing the permeability of edge parcels, priority of pedestrian movements, increasing the diversity of functions, increasing the diversity of forms, and increase the homogeneity of parcels in a street. By using these guidelines we can increase the connectivity of two adjacent areas in the first step and increase the cohesion of the whole city in the last step.... Key words: Wholeness, Form Cohesion, Complexity System Theory, Urban Form Principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The Relationship of Perceived Tenure Security and Housing Quality in Informal Settlement of Islamabad, Tehran
Hashem Dadash Poor Bahram AlizadehFormation of the informal settlements has become a global challenge in cities especially the ones in developing countries. These settlements encounter problems such as poverty, illegal land occupation, lack of infrastructures, low quality of house and etc. In the MoreFormation of the informal settlements has become a global challenge in cities especially the ones in developing countries. These settlements encounter problems such as poverty, illegal land occupation, lack of infrastructures, low quality of house and etc. In the past few years, informal urban housing, and tenure insecurity have been attracting attention of the many global development organizations like UN_HABITAT, World Bank and so on. As such it leads to a steady stream of academic writings and new initiatives on the subject. Most of them intend to present solutions to solve land occupation security in order to improve living conditions in informal settlements. Recent studies believe that tenure security for low-income settlement dwellers encounter three distinct forms: tenure security as perceived by dwellers, tenure security as a legal construct and de facto tenure security. Nowadays there are two different approaches regarding the tenure security which as follow: traditional and modern approaches. Traditional approaches focus on tenure security more than legal aspect. These consider the occupation security as having title-deed for the official occupancy of a place. Although the modern approach does not negate the possibility that the title can generate tenure security, it argues that the same object can be achieved through different factors which have been called extra-legal and semi legal factors. There exists a distance between the idea of tenure security and the legal concept which has turned it into a social psychology issue. Social psychological approach shows that people’s decisions are often influenced by what they feel about a situation. Survey method is considered as the methodology of this research to achieve an objective and hypotheses test. According to this method, questionnaires was prepared and filled in Islamabad neighborhood. Finally, by using statistical techniques of factor analysis, Cronbach`s Alpha, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regressions, the main analysis of data completed. The social psychological approach is defined in a way which makes the concept of perceived tenure security. Through following these means, the same conception is shown to be composed of the perceived probability of eviction (a thinking state), the fear of eviction (a feeling state) and the lack of support networks, which are separate variables. Within the results there are positive and direct relationship between housing quality and tenure security. Since other factors such as probability of eviction, fear of eviction and lack of support networks affect the perceived occupation security of households, the legal ownership is not the whole tenure Security in the neighborhood of the case study. Among these factors, lack of support networks influence the perceived tenure security of households much more than the other factors. Since informal settlements are key location of the urban poor to live, presumably the monthly income of households plays an essential role in tenure security and housing quality which can affects them. Therefore, it is recommended that the subsequent studies use the households monthly income as controlable variable in their tests in the future. The paper's outcome can be considered as the future studies' basis on the same subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
31 - Environmental Review in Renovating Dilapidated Urban Areas to Increase Local Security (The Case of Nematabad, 19th Municipality of Tehran)
Hadise Asgari Tafreshi Bahman Adib Zade Mojtaba Rafiyan Seyed Ebrahim Hooseini Physical, economical, social Inattentiveness beside vanished sense of attachment have prepared way for social harms in dilapidated areas. Thus, one of the primary objectives in residential or commercial architecture is preservation of “peace and safety&rdqu More Physical, economical, social Inattentiveness beside vanished sense of attachment have prepared way for social harms in dilapidated areas. Thus, one of the primary objectives in residential or commercial architecture is preservation of “peace and safety” which can solely be achieved through the expansion of physical “security”. Researches have shown that the proper design and effective use of the built environment can lead to a reduction in both the opportunity for crime and fear of crime. Through their involvement in design can influence the creation of safer neighborhoods and communities. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach may pave the way for alleviation and prevention of urban crimes, including dilapidated ones, by using general elements such as mixed land use, provision of predictable routes, proper urban lighting, creation of defensible spaces, etc... . CPTED is part of a comprehensive approach to crime prevention. By emphasizing modifications to the physical environment, it complements community-based policing, Block Watch, and social programs that address some of the root causes of criminal behavior. There are four primary obstacles to the adoption of CPTED. First is a lack of knowledge of CPTED by environmental designers, land managers, and individual community members. For this reason, allocating substantial resources to community educational programs are often required. The second major obstacle is resistance to change. Many specifically resist the type of cooperative planning that is required to use CPTED. Beyond that, skeptics reject the research and historic precedents that support the validity of CPTED concepts. The third obstacle is the perception that CPTED claims to be a panacea for crime that will be used to displace other more traditional approaches rather than a small complementary tool in deterring offender behavior. The fourth obstacle is that many existing built areas were not designed with CPTED in mind, and modification would be expensive, politically difficult, or require significant changes in some areas of the existing built environment. CPTED works best when fully supported by the community. Other key partners include: neighborhood residents: who can make their communities safer through participation in the development and implementation of CPTED-based strategies for crime prevention new home buyers: who can ask for a home built to CPTED principles apartment building managers: who can organize the safety of tenants elected officials: who can encourage the integration of CPTED principles into official plans, zoning by-laws and development permits police officers: who can conduct CPTED assessments in existing neighborhoods and review applications for new developments insurance companies: who can offer discounts for safe designs Nematabad as a dilapidated urban area with vast abandoned lands has crucial problems in terms of crime rate and its spread throughout public areas. Therefore, the present paper with collection of existing data for given area and certain questioners filled out by residents that processed via GIS and SPSS as comprehensible graphic maps, tries to explore complex areas and categorizes their specifications, in addition to introducing their generative factors and the environmental design approach to regularize these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Clarification of relation between social interaction and improvement of living quality within residential complexes (Case study: Behjat Abad Residential Complex, Kooye No Bonyad & Tehran International Tower)
ghazal safdarian Iraj Etessam Farah HabibAmong different types of housing, high-rises construction is considered by many architects and urban planners as one of the most common types, especially after the industrial revolution and advancements in engineering techniques. Construction of tall buildings from its MoreAmong different types of housing, high-rises construction is considered by many architects and urban planners as one of the most common types, especially after the industrial revolution and advancements in engineering techniques. Construction of tall buildings from its beginning as a result of modern architecture, for reasons like speed of construction (industrialization), high density (accommodation of more people) etc. grew considerably, but gradually it caused other types of problems including mere consideration of performance, less human interaction, and etc. on the one hand, today, any lack of attention to social interactions in designing process has been changed into one of the major challenges at residential complexes. On the other hand, we have establishment of residential complexes as an effect of population increase, expensive price of land and also economic benefits in our country which may cause further changes in structure of residential spaces and omission of interacted spaces from Iranian architecture. The results are lack of responding to social necessities of people and a reduction in sense of place. Residential apartments have different aspects that should be consistently considered in all stages of their construction, including planning, studies, design and operation, in order to achieve a desired environment and improvement in quality of life. One of the most important factors in evaluating residential complexes is social sustainability that enhances quality of living. In definition "social sustainability in residential complexes is a situation where residents enjoy living in the residential complexes and neighborhood with other residents and they are satisfied”. In other words, human is a social creature and to meet their needs they have to communicate and interact with others. Therefore, considering psychological - social factors besides other indicators like economic and environmental-physical factors are important for achieving satisfaction as the main criteria for measuring quality of life. In this paper, using field study and questionnaires, social interaction rates in several residential complexes have been evaluated and its objective is evaluation of socio - cultural indicators in residential complexes, determining the position of design in improving social interactions, explaining the role of social interaction in improvement of living quality and finally presenting strategies in this area. In this context, at first the concept of social interactions in housing area and views of scholars in this field have been reviewed and then position of social interactions in the design process to achieve the criteria for comparison of case samples have been analyzed and then considering the results some strategies have been presented at the conclusion. The results indicate that there is always a direct relationship between the amount of social interaction and higher quality of living environment. Moreover, it can be said that the more social factors are considered in the design process, the more willingness of residents to the social interactions are seen and residents feel more satisfaction with their buildings. Communication and social interaction among residents as one of the most important social factors affecting collective living always increase the sense of belonging and continuity of presence in places. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - A Justification of Negotiable Instruments in English Legal System with a Glancing at Iranian Law
Ahmad EsfandiariThe negotiable instruments in English legal system were formed in the context of historical developments of a thousand years old of this country and through the development of concept of "assignment" in common law, equity, positive law and law merchants, and to ensure t MoreThe negotiable instruments in English legal system were formed in the context of historical developments of a thousand years old of this country and through the development of concept of "assignment" in common law, equity, positive law and law merchants, and to ensure the circulation of bill of exchange, promissory note and check in the realm of commerce has provided the necessary standards to achieve the concept of negotiability through institutions such as Estoppeland shelter. Although according to the general rules of jurisprudence and Iranian civil law, contracts such as guarantee and remitance- which are considered as channels of transfer of debt and credit -are affected by the previous debt in terms of invalidity and termination, instruments such as bills of exchange, promissory note and check -which are caused by a previous relationship based on appearance caused by sign of the signatory on basis of trust -are not affected by them. Although, there have seen very limited common foundations and inspiring principles between two legal systems, they achieved similar results and created a powerful relationship in favor of holer in due course. In this study, the formation, principles and rules of negotiable instruments are examined in English with an Approach in Iranian Law in descriptive-analytic Method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Factors Facilitating the Suggestions System in Firoozabad Health Network
حلیمه اکبری سمیه حسامIntroduction: Suggestions system as a participatory management approach is one of the success factors, and it seems the system offers as a method of participatory management style is the most important way to engage employees, In addition to cooperation is also effectiv MoreIntroduction: Suggestions system as a participatory management approach is one of the success factors, and it seems the system offers as a method of participatory management style is the most important way to engage employees, In addition to cooperation is also effective in increasing their motivation. The aim of this study was to determine factors facilitating the establishment of the suggestions are Firoozabad Health Network. Methods: Descriptive co relational study and the duration is a cross-sectional study. The study population included all senior managers, middle and supervisors constitute Firozabad Health Network and the sample was equal to population of 50 people. Data collection tool was a questionnaire consisted of 13 questions the validity of the content validity and reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (80%) were confirmed. To test the hypotheses of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used SPSS software. Results: In this study it was found that staff training, information dissemination and provide feedback on the success of the proposal and will deploy it more easily possible. Conclusion: These results support the establishment of a proper strategy to offer active participation in the affairs of the organization's employees with appropriate information, training and feedback to comments and ideas they can to achieve this goal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Investigating Job Security and Perceiving Organizational Support in Predicting the Productivity of Contract Staff of Khoramabad University of Medical Sciences
baharak shirzad kebria leila nosratiIntroduction: The importance of employee productivity in organizations is an undeniable part in the management of the organization. High productivity increases living standards and social welfare through real incomes, national competitiveness and quality of life. Theref MoreIntroduction: The importance of employee productivity in organizations is an undeniable part in the management of the organization. High productivity increases living standards and social welfare through real incomes, national competitiveness and quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the factors that can predict this productivity in the organization. Methodology: This research is applied in terms of applied and descriptive survey method and correlation branch. The statistical population of this study consisted of all contracted personnel of Khoramabad University of Medical Sciences. Using Morgan's table, 196 people were selected as sample size and these numbers were selected by stratified random sampling from the statistical population. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The correlation coefficient of occupational safety and productivity of contract staff was r = 0.25, which is significant at the level of 0.001. The correlation coefficient of perceived organizational support and the productivity of contract staff is r = 0.38, which is significant at the level of 0.001. Job security and organizational support perceived the power of predicting the productivity of contract staff (F = 19.95, P <0.001), and job security pre-beta variable (β = 0.16) and organizational support perception of beta (β = 0.33) have the power to predict the productivity of contract staff. Conclusion: Occupational safety is one of the health factors and its maintenance by the organization continues to serve, therefore its satisfaction in job relations leads to job satisfaction and as a result of effective performance along with proper efficiency and efficiency. Perceived organizational support provides a desirable field of business, and with the understanding of the organization's support, there is a strong and consistent relationship between organization and individuals. It was also found that any organization needed to increase its productivity by feeling the security of the job and understanding of organizational support so that it could enjoy high productivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Effect of Relative Marketing on Predicting Future Interactions of Customers and the Bank (Case Study of Mellat Bank of Tehran)
Hossein Bagheri Behrouz Firuz Dindar Farkush Hassan GivarianToday, new form of marketing have emerged that relationship marketing is one of the most important ones. Many companies in order to achieve their goals and keep the customers have taken this style of marketing. Given the importance of this topic, the aim of this study w MoreToday, new form of marketing have emerged that relationship marketing is one of the most important ones. Many companies in order to achieve their goals and keep the customers have taken this style of marketing. Given the importance of this topic, the aim of this study was to evaluation the effect of relationship marketing on customer/supplier future interaction (Tehran Mellat Bank), The purpose of applied, cross-sectional, descriptive method of data collection, surveys and, The population of consumers Mellat Bank in Tehran that the sample of a sample of 384 Select and collect data standard questionnaire with Likert scale of five options by reviewing the history of research and measurement validity descriptive method of data collection, professors and experts and evaluators Mellat Bank organization reliability through Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale 0.901 volume of 397 questionnaires that test hypotheses and analyze data by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Hierarchical regression analysis, statistical software SPSS and LISREL software for structural equation modeling was used. The results of descriptive or demographic, the most customers were male, between 21 to 41 years, undergraduate education, Self-employed, most under 1 years of bank services and favorable experience of Mellat Bank, make up. Domestic In inferential, information exchange on the relationship quality and social exchange on the relationship quality and relationship quality there are significant positive impact on anticipation of future interaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Identification and Classification of clearance barriers in Shahriyar customs office in Tehran City Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Mehdi Zanganeh Khadijeh Mohammadi Arezoochi Seyed Hossein Kazemi Hormoz MehraniCustoms plays an important role in International Commercial exchanges and it can be a promising or deterrent factor in business and creating revenues customs for the government. Therefore, purpose of this study is Identification and Classification of clearance barriers MoreCustoms plays an important role in International Commercial exchanges and it can be a promising or deterrent factor in business and creating revenues customs for the government. Therefore, purpose of this study is Identification and Classification of clearance barriers in Shahriyar customs office in Tehran City Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). This study which was conducted in 2018, is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting data, it is descriptive-survey and exploratory research. By reviewing key articles and using experts' opinion, 4 main criteria and 19 sub-criteria were identified. A team of experts or a decision team was selected from top experts of the organization as well as customs experts. Initially, using the questionnaire and the opinion of the decision team, the main and the main obstacles affecting customs clearance were identified. Then, according to identified factors, AHP questionnaires were developed and paired comparisons were identified. The results of this study showed that the administrative and management systems are among the main obstacles. The weaknesses in the empowerment of trained and qualified personnel and applying them are among identified barriers from the point of view of experts. At the end. With ranking of all the main and secondary factors, suggestions were made to improve the status quo and help the decision makers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - The Impact of Young Brand Identity on Brand Loyalty by Mediating Customer Satisfaction in the Mobile Industry
Maryam Ghamari Poor Zahra Amir HoseiniPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumer brand identity on brand loyalty through customer satisfaction mediation. Method: The research method is descriptive-survey with the approach of structural equations. The statistical society of th MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumer brand identity on brand loyalty through customer satisfaction mediation. Method: The research method is descriptive-survey with the approach of structural equations. The statistical society of the 15 to 35 year olds is Khorramabad, who used the brands of Apple, Samsung and Huawei. Since the exact volume of the statistical community is not available, based on the Cochran formula for the unrestricted community, a sample of 384 people was selected by cluster sampling. Data collecting tools were Cooper's Brand Identity Questionnaire (2004), Braggart Brand Loyalty Questionnaire (2010) and Algashir et al., Customer Satisfaction Questionnaire (2005). Their validity was based on structural validity and its reliability it was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability. Data were analyzed using SPSS23 and SMART PLS2 software. Results: The results of structural equations showed that the effect of consumer brand identity on customer satisfaction is positive and the effect of customer satisfaction on brand loyalty of young people is positive. On the other hand, analysis of the role of mediator of customer satisfaction showed that consumer brand identity, in addition to its direct impact on brand loyalty, has indirect bearing on brand loyalty through customer satisfaction. The quality of the final model of research according to the GOF index, which was 0/363, showed that the model has a strong fit. The R2 determination coefficient was 0.28 for customer satisfaction, which was close to strong, and was 0.80 for loyalty to the brand, which is very strong. The value of Sobel test was 7.55, which indicates that the effect of the mediator variable on customer satisfaction in the research model is significant. The results of the research showed that brand identity of consumers and customer satisfaction could affect customer satisfaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Evaluation of the International Traffic Management Role in the Telecommunication Company of Iran and a Proposed Model for Optimizing Management Capabilities
B. Kafi M. AbdolkarimiDevelopment of telecommunications and privatization issues of the telecommunication markets has imposed a reverse pressure on international calculation rates. One of the advanced technologies responsible for this disruption in the calculation system of th MoreDevelopment of telecommunications and privatization issues of the telecommunication markets has imposed a reverse pressure on international calculation rates. One of the advanced technologies responsible for this disruption in the calculation system of the telecommunication companies is a phenomenon called Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). With regard to the balance deficit of the International communications in foreign currency arbitrages that amounted to $41 million, $61 million and $56 million from 2002 to 2004, TCI should adopt a long-term strategy for leaving the traditional networks to avoid huge losses in future years. This research was aimed to identify the effective factors of the above described foreign currency arbitrages' balance deficits, to measure the effect of the identified factors and to prioritize those identified factors. This research is based on eight hypotheses; specifically 1- Leadership and Senior Management Styles.2- Marketing Management Capabilities.3- Technical and Technological Management Issues.4- Human Resources Management the Vision.5- Financial Management Issues.6- Procurement Management Skills and Know-How.7- Effects of other international and State organizations' support increating the international communications foreign currency arbitragesof the Telecommunications Company of Iran.8- Significant differences in differences among the series of Managerial Factors in creating said foreign currency arbitrages balance deficit. A questionnaire was designed and prepared through implementation of a pilot study. In general, it dealt with the effects of seven managerial factors as well as 31 sub-factors, and it enjoyed the adequate reliability and validity along different phases.The data were analyzed using two parametric and non-parametric testingmethods.In general, the results confirmed 8 hypotheses at a 99 percent level of confidence, and the effective suggestions and strategies were presented on the basis of the results. These were intended to increase the foreign currency revenues of Iran International Communications of Telecommunication Company of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The realm of the ruling interference in the implementation of religious rulings
zahra kolbadynjad mohammad jafariharandi Kazem Rahman SetayeshAbstractThe realm of the ruling interference in the implementation of religious rulingsIn the realm of devotional rulings at first it seems that their implementation is merely a personal matter; Because the consequence of doing or not doing it depends on the person's ac MoreAbstractThe realm of the ruling interference in the implementation of religious rulingsIn the realm of devotional rulings at first it seems that their implementation is merely a personal matter; Because the consequence of doing or not doing it depends on the person's actions. But with all-round thinking, it becomes clear that in the implementation of some of the rules of worship, the Islamic ruler must intervene or due to an incident, and the intention of the obligated person is not sufficient, but in addition to the intention of the necessary ruler to intervene with his intervention. It can be said that Friday prayers and elementary jihad are considered in this category. This article, by reflecting on the jurisprudential opinions, separates the rules of worship from the perspective of the ruling, and concludes that: although in the implementation of the rules of worship, the principle of personality and intention is required, but in some cases, the implementation of this Judgments will not be possible or sufficient without the intervention of the ruler in essence or in breadth; However, the intention of closeness of the obligee is also raised, and vice versa, it is possible that the worship - the main element of which is the intention of closeness - is performed by the ruler, even if the performer has no intention of closeness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - An Analytic Research in the Worship of Prophet before Mission
Jamal Al-Din Alikhaje Pasavei Mohammad Adel ZiaeyAbout the question that did the prophet (peace be upon him) before the mission worship to God or not? and if yes, based on what Sharia he was praying? have been proposed three viewpoint: 1-Based on a theory that is attributed to Fakhr al-Razi, a group of Shafeis, A MoreAbout the question that did the prophet (peace be upon him) before the mission worship to God or not? and if yes, based on what Sharia he was praying? have been proposed three viewpoint: 1-Based on a theory that is attributed to Fakhr al-Razi, a group of Shafeis, Abu Hussein Basri and his followers, prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) before mission did not worship to God and did not followed any Sharia; this group to prove its claim have argued some verses and consider the performance of worship by prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) before mission according to habit. 2-Most believe that the prophet (peace be upon him) before being raised to the prophet, has worshiped the God. followers of this theory has been disputed in the sharia; some consider him following previous sharias -the unknown or a group of prophets or one of the prophets-. most Ahnaf, Hanbalis and some Malikis and Shafeis believed that the prophet (peace be upon him) has worshiped before the mission based on previous Sharias; as Imam Shafi'i, Abu Mansur Matoridi, Abo Isaac Isfaraini, Judge Abuyala and Shawkany are on this view. verses and rational arguments are the basic argument of this group. In contrast, based on the theory of most Malikis, most theologians and Ash'arites and most Mu'tazilite prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) before the mission worshiped to God according to his own sharia. as Imam Malik, Abu Ghazi Baqlani, Abu Hussein Basri, Fakhr al-Razi, Ibn Abedin, Tuosy and Majlesi believe. they have argued to the Hadith and rational arguments. 3-Some, like al-Ghazali, Amedi, Syed Morteza, Sobky, Nawavi and Gweyni are attributed to stop in worship or not worship of the prophet (peace be upon him) before the mission. according to this theory: in principle, is no events and also the teasons of tow previous groups are incompatible and no one is over the other. By analyzing the reasons, it can be said: the prophet (peace be upon him) before the mission has worshiped to God. but about the determination of sharia before the mission, since the essence of divine Sharias is one and all the prophets, are a series of connected loops, he has worshiped according to the Sharias of his earlier prophets as unknown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - Investigation of diagnois of Iran Accountant society of REA in eduation of Accounting systems in Universites
Kambiz Forghandoost Haghighi Mehri GharaatThese days Internet, E-Commerce and Information systems play a major role inenterprises. If enterprises are not equipped with suitable Information Systems, theywill not be able to participate in the world competitive markets and survive in them.Hence the REA information MoreThese days Internet, E-Commerce and Information systems play a major role inenterprises. If enterprises are not equipped with suitable Information Systems, theywill not be able to participate in the world competitive markets and survive in them.Hence the REA information system is known as the one that has this ability, whilethis model can be used in setting standards for data transmission between enterprises,it is widely used in teaching accounting information systems as well.There are seven hypotheses in this research, six of which were about hurdle thatcause not to identify REA in Iran. Seven hypotheses were put forth in this research, insix of which six different causes for REA's lack of identification were discussed:∗ lack of sufficient scientific sources for introducing the REA∗ not using REA in teaching AIS∗ sufficing to existing information systems∗ lack of attention to integrated information systems∗ not using Internet to do trades∗ lack of attention to the supply chain in enterprises.In the seventh hypothesis; however, using the REA pattern in teaching AIS wasdiscussed for a better understanding of the students.The research was done between university professors, auditors and financialmanagers of different companies. The questions in the questionnaire included fivechoices and they were measured by Likert scale.SPSS, version 14, was used to analyze the statistics and the analysis of these datahas been done through the nonparametric chi square (χ 2 ), t-student and Fridman krelatedtests.During the analysis of the data, six of the hypotheses were approved. Only "lack ofattention to integrated information systems" was not accepted as a cause for lack ofidentification.It is hope, that this research will trigger such discussions and studies in academicassemblies as well as professional associations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Test of Corporate social responsibility engagement Based on two approaches to the Exchange Capital and the moral Capital of bankruptcy likelihood
Anahita Zandi Khosro Faghani Makrani Naghi FazeliThis study examines the relationship between Corporate social responsibility engagement and their bankruptcy likelihood using annual reports of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011-2017. To test the hypotheses of the study, multivari MoreThis study examines the relationship between Corporate social responsibility engagement and their bankruptcy likelihood using annual reports of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2011-2017. To test the hypotheses of the study, multivariate linear regression based on Panel data is being used. Extant literature suggests that corporate social responsibility (CSR) accrues social capitals that buffers business risk. In this research, it was shown by documentary evidence that companies with a history of CSR engagement are less likely to file a bankruptcy on their behalf. Moreover, the social capital provided by the company's social responsibility was divided into moral capital and exchange capital. The results indicate that there is a negative and significant relationship between exchange capital and the probability of bankruptcy, and there is a negative, but statistically non-dominant relationship between moral capital and the probability of bankruptcy. as a result the effect of CSR engagement on bankruptcy likelihood primarily stems from the exchange capital, rather than moral capital Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - بررسی مقدماتی سازگاری شش گونه اکالیپتوس بهمنظور جنگلکاری در شرایط دیم
یونس رستمی کیا حسین سردابی -
Open Access Article
45 - بررسی آزمایشگاهی خصوصیات ابعاد الیاف (زیستسنجی) ساقه بادمجان در منطقه غرب گیلان
علی مسلمانی آرش فرج پور رودسری اصغر تابعی -
Open Access Article
46 - Guilan role in Iran and Russia cultural relations
hossein kalhorIntroduction and objectives: Culture or the cultural affinities, are nowadays rather an important way to shape the international relationships between countries. Investigation on such an issue would be helpful in order to establish good relation with other societies. Ir MoreIntroduction and objectives: Culture or the cultural affinities, are nowadays rather an important way to shape the international relationships between countries. Investigation on such an issue would be helpful in order to establish good relation with other societies. Iran and Russia face each other on the Caspian Sea. Gilan as the border region of Iran shares various cultural legacies with Russia. These legacies that have been created during last five centuries can create a lot of opportunities in order to take initiatives in their future affairs. This paper aims to exploit the role of Gilan in the future of Iran-Russia relationship. Method: the author makes use of a series of bibliographical, descriptive and analytical data. Therefore, the use of historical documentation, the current events as well as the statistical data become essential for the development of this paper. Finding: the study of cultural and economic capabilities of the region, points out how the historic background of Gilan province with Russia can give rise to new perspectives on Iran-Russia relationship. Results: the cultural and economic capabilities of Gilan Province have never been taken into account seriously because of special circumstances occurring in related area. In more than five centuries of political and economic enterprises between Gilan province and its overseas Russian counterparts let them to claim that they have enough cultural notions to share with. Above the ethnic similarity there are for example, several common words and expressions that both languages share from each other as well as the North South Transport Corridor (NOSTRAC) that runs from Russia to India through Caspian cost to increases the trade connectivity. Thus we can assert that the Gilan province can have a pivotal role to play through the cultural relations with Russia and help to prepare the ground for strengthening the Iran-Russia relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - a
behzad rezaei -
Open Access Article
48 - The Role of Higher Education in Expansion of Cross_Cultural Interchanges of Countries
دکتر کریم حمدی هادی رزقی شیرسوارThis research attempts to find Higher Education(H.E.) role in cross-culturalinterchange of countries.This is an ‘Applicable’by purpose and ‘Discriptive’ bymethod research.The sample includes 67 professors and practitioners in culture and(H.E.) as MoreThis research attempts to find Higher Education(H.E.) role in cross-culturalinterchange of countries.This is an ‘Applicable’by purpose and ‘Discriptive’ bymethod research.The sample includes 67 professors and practitioners in culture and(H.E.) as statistical population.The data is collected by ‘questionnare forms’ in ‘Field’and ‘Library’ methods The result reveals the significant factors derived fromLiterature include;1.thoughtful attitude and common concept creation,2.cultural pluralacceptance,3.correction of psycho-cognitive surroundings of nations,4.prevention ofdomination and prefication, 5.removing political and diplomatic barriers,6.access tomutual understanding, 7.competition of all cultures,8.balance of domestic and foreignpriorities.while the factors number 4,1&3 in arrengement have important in thestatus of (H.E.) in order to cross_cultural interchange of countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Evaluating the Role of the Islamic Culture and Relations in Cultural Interchanging with Other Countries
دکتر سید رضا صالحی امیری سعید محمدیThis research has concentrated on the study of Islamic organization, culture andrelations in interchanging cultural aspects with other countries in terms of culturalmanagement which could be known as a study of Iran's cultural relations with othercountries. This researc MoreThis research has concentrated on the study of Islamic organization, culture andrelations in interchanging cultural aspects with other countries in terms of culturalmanagement which could be known as a study of Iran's cultural relations with othercountries. This research has been done through the measurement method and 210questionnaires were collected from cultural managers and counselors to analyze 60representatives of the Islamic Relations Organization. The conclusion was that thereare the necessary facilities and authorities for cultural interchange among differentcountries for the Islamic Culture and Relations Organization. But, designing theproper management model for specifying the complete cultural strategy abroad isessential which is only possible through using some kind of an influential culturaldiplomatic structure in various geographical regions according to the list of prioritiesset by the cultural management elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The Effect of Leadership Style on Organizational Culture (The Case of Alumpars Co, in Kaveh Industrial City)
طهمورث آقاجانی غلامرضا عزیزی بهزاد شوقی آرش رضازاده عامر دهقان نجم آبادیIntroduction and Objective: This study investigates the impact of managers' leadership style on Organizational culture in Alumpars Co, in Kaveh Industrial City. Method: Employees of Alumpars Co (650 people) contain our research population and we used the table&nbs MoreIntroduction and Objective: This study investigates the impact of managers' leadership style on Organizational culture in Alumpars Co, in Kaveh Industrial City. Method: Employees of Alumpars Co (650 people) contain our research population and we used the table of sample size determination developed by Morgan and also random sampling to choose 242 people as our sample size. We used a questionnaire for gathering data. Findings: Then Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) procedure for analyzing our conceptual model with SMART PLS 2.0 in two sections of SEM: measurement model and structural model. In the first section, technical features of questionnaire were investigated with index reliability, convergent validity and discriminate validity. About second section, structural coefficients were used for investigating our hypothesizes Conclusions: Our results indicate the positive and significant impact of leadership style on organizational culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - To explain the sociology of Tehrani citizens' social trust in Bank Melli Iran in 2018
مجید کفاشی Reza Nazari Ali BaghaeiSarabiThe present study is aimed to explain the sociology of Tehrani citizens' social trust in Bank Melli Iran in 2018. In this study to collect and analyze data, we used a survey and qualitative research method. Saffarinia and Sharifi's social trust (2010) questionnaire and MoreThe present study is aimed to explain the sociology of Tehrani citizens' social trust in Bank Melli Iran in 2018. In this study to collect and analyze data, we used a survey and qualitative research method. Saffarinia and Sharifi's social trust (2010) questionnaire and social exchange questionnaire were used to assess and for data analysis we used the relevant statistical tests and path analysis in SPSS software statistics environment. Findings show that the correlation coefficient between the two variables of sociological factors and social trust in the bank is 0.700 and has a significance level (SIG = 0.000), The correlation coefficient between the level of cost-benefit and social trust is 0.586 and has the significance level (SIG = 0.000), the correlation coefficient between the level of wisely activism and the level of social trust, 0.769 and with the significance level (SIG = 0.000), the correlation coefficient between the probability of risk and social trust, 0.725 and has the significance level(SIG = 0.000), the correlation coefficient between the level of personal interests and the level of social trust, 0.606 and has a significant level (SIG = 0.000) and correlation coefficient between the expected reward level and the level of social trust, 0.610 and has the significance level (SIG = 0.000) and the correlation coefficient between the amount of unforeseen losses and social trust is 0.863 and has the significance level(SIG = 0.000). The value of the coefficient of determination in the relationship between independent and dependent variables is equal to 0.60. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Qualitative analysis of economic and cultural consequences of industrialization (the study of Mahabad Petrochemical project)
Karim Alinezhad Seyed Ahmad Firouzabadi hossein daneshmehrThe present study aims to identify and analyze the economic and cultural consequences of the petrochemical industry in Mahabad. The main question of the research is, how the industrial development policy in Mahabad influenced the economy and culture of local communities MoreThe present study aims to identify and analyze the economic and cultural consequences of the petrochemical industry in Mahabad. The main question of the research is, how the industrial development policy in Mahabad influenced the economy and culture of local communities? The research method is qualitative and thematic analysis is used to analyze and interpret the data. Data were collected using semi-structured interview and observation techniques and theoretical sampling method was used to answer the research aims, so that 21 of the key informants directly exposed to the phenomenon were interviewed. All interviews analyzed in two stages of open (primary and focused) and axial coding. In the economic sphere, there are 36 initial concepts in the subcategory of 12 major categories (economic inequality, income reduction, land ownership change, non-use of local workforces, livelihood challenge, unknown and unpredictable of petrochemical for people, disproportionate change in local people’s livelihood, work rent in petrochemicals, Lack of profit for local peoples, Gender discrimination in employing, Increasing incomes, experience and skills of some people). In the cultural sphere, the first 20 concepts were filed in six major categories (cultural heterogeneity, inactivity of petrochemicals in the cultural sphere, the lack of appropriate infrastructures for petrochemical, changes in people's cultural morale, familiarity with new cultures, cultural inspiration). The results show that the effects in the economic sphere have isolated, even in some cases, local people in the field of employment and labor power, rather than helping people livelihoods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Study the effects of the collective identity of the Kurds (Sociological study of the effects of socio-economic development of ethnic identity in the city of Mahabad)
hassan rashidi مصطفی ازکیا منصور وثوقیThe contemporary world has created major changes in the various socio-economic fields , But occurrence of modernity, traditional and local identities elements have been continued, If coexist and continuity of the collective identity to created a new social, It can be sa MoreThe contemporary world has created major changes in the various socio-economic fields , But occurrence of modernity, traditional and local identities elements have been continued, If coexist and continuity of the collective identity to created a new social, It can be said that this situation is largely represent theories of post-development.This study seeks to answer questions related to “ The impact of development on” and Based on the nature of the methodology used ( Grounded Theory ) To explain the causes, context, strategies and deals with the consequences of the impact. And the method of grounded theory with field-depth interviews and contributions among residents of the city of Mahabad has used.It can be determined that economic and technological development projects and modernization of all aspects of individual and social life has changed, And has established crisis-Kurdish ethnic identity And "weakening of ethnic identity" in various aspects of economic, linguistic, religious, lifestyle … , Due to "the formation of false or incomplete knowledge" The elements such as: rationality, democracy, science …, It can be acknowledged that while "the emergence of some elements of modernity", "uneven and unequal development" has been created. And on the other "new opportunities for ethnic-Kurdish identity" is prepared . And "position, the Kurds" was promoted in the region The central issue revolves around research “ Creating uneven development during the crisis in ethnic-Kurdish “ It's formed. Grounded theory "uneven development, new forms of inequality and ethnic-Kurdish identity" of Kurdish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - The Evaluation of a Sense of Neighborhood Dependency and its Role in Social Participation (Case of Study: Ne’mat-abad Neighborhood)
Ahmad Naderi Ebrahim Shirali Sajjad Ghasemi Kafroudi -
Open Access Article
55 - Investigating the Effects and Role of Non-formal Education Courses in Sustainable Rural Development (Case study: Ahmadabad Village, Takht-e Soleiman Eection of Takab City)
Mohammad Sadeq OliaieAchieving sustainable rural development is not feasible without changing attitudes and intellectual and cultural transformation in a country unless comprehensive training is provided in various areas of jobs in rural areas as well as different styles of the training pro MoreAchieving sustainable rural development is not feasible without changing attitudes and intellectual and cultural transformation in a country unless comprehensive training is provided in various areas of jobs in rural areas as well as different styles of the training process to develop human resources. In addition, its all-encompassing situations should be well recognized, and the necessary coordination should be made between formal and non-formal education, which are considered as the two main components and the basis of learning and development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and role of non-formal education courses in the sustainable development of rural areas of Ahmadabad rural district of Takab city. The research method used in this research is a combination of documentary and survey methods, and data collection has been done by using direct face-to-face interview techniques and questionnaires. The statistical population of the study is done according to the rules of random sampling and includes residents of six villages of the Ahmadabad rural district. One-sample t-test and regression analysis were used to analyze the relationships between variables. The results show that in the regression fitting model, the coefficient of determination was equal to (0.843), and at the level of 99% was significant, which indicates the positive effect of informal education on the dimensions of independent variables of the research. Values of ß are economic (0.776), social (0.177), and environmental (0.058). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The Assessment of the Effects of Development on the Kurds’ Collective Identity (A Sociological Study of the Impacts of Development on Ethnic identity in Mahabad city)
Hassan Rashidi Mostafa Azkia -
Open Access Article
57 - The Network of Global Cities and Polygonal Organization of Development
Abbas Mossalanejad -
Open Access Article
58 - Resolving the Role of Higher Education Institutes’ Development toward Culture and Cultural Invasion
Alireza Asareh Mohsen Hosseini Bidokht -
Open Access Article
59 - Sociological explanation of Tehran citizens' social trust in Melli Bank of Iran in 2017
Reza Nazari Majid Radfar Ali Bagaie Sarabi -
Open Access Article
60 - Strategic planning of tourism development in the historical context of cities (Case study: Historical texture of Khorramabad city)
parvaneh zivyar somayeh teymouriToday, tourism is the most prominent and most efficient economic activity that can bring many economic, social, political, and cultural achievements to its pioneers. This phenomenon is now recognized as one of the foundations of globalization and a hallmark of space-tim MoreToday, tourism is the most prominent and most efficient economic activity that can bring many economic, social, political, and cultural achievements to its pioneers. This phenomenon is now recognized as one of the foundations of globalization and a hallmark of space-time condensation. Historical tourism, which incorporates the old and ancient texture of cities, has a significant impact on the spatial and functional structure of a city. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to plan a strategic tourism development in the historical city of Khorramabad. The methodology of this research is descriptive - analytical based on documentary and field studies using the SWOT model and then the proposed strategies are calculated using quantitative matrix method (QSPM). The results of the research show that invasive strategy (SO)(utilizing maximum strengths and opportunities) with a score of 3.42 in the first priority and competitive strategy (ST) (avoidance of threats and the use of opportunities) with The 2.63 points were identified as the most important strategies for the development of the historical context of the city in the second priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Climatic parameters rules on barberry phonology stages in Gonabad
غلامعباس فلاح قالهری hasan rezaeiclimate is one of the most important parameters in agricultural products and it limits the amount of products . it is obvious that agriculture is in a great relation with surrounding environment and it is affected by the climate ,so climatic parameters in a long period Moreclimate is one of the most important parameters in agricultural products and it limits the amount of products . it is obvious that agriculture is in a great relation with surrounding environment and it is affected by the climate ,so climatic parameters in a long period can determine plantation algorithm and dispersion explanation of different kinds of plants . the main aim of this research is assessment of the procedure of changing in agriclimatic parameters which effects on barberry growth in Gonabad city. for this purpose we use daily information such as minimum and maximum temperature, raining, average temperature, proportional moisture, soil temperature, sunny hours, and average temperature , proportional moisture and soil temperature in the finishing day of phonology stages in Gonabad synoptic station of khorasan razavi province , and by using them climatic parameters volume in different probable levels are calculated . in next step Man Kendal test used to explore climatic elements procedure in different phonology levels of barberry product . results indicates that , between all climatic parameters which effect on barberry plantation The average temperature, soil temperature and sunshine hours speed have decreased in 5 percent level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Measuring the Quality of Life in Rural Areas (Case Study: Central District of Islam Abad Gharb)
Batol Mirzaeian Bijan Rahmani Mohammad Taghi Razavian Abdolreza FarajiradOne of the important objectives of the general policies of each society is the improvement of the quality of life in that society. This paper discusses the quality of life in rural areas. The research seeks to answer this question that to what extent the rural areas of MoreOne of the important objectives of the general policies of each society is the improvement of the quality of life in that society. This paper discusses the quality of life in rural areas. The research seeks to answer this question that to what extent the rural areas of the central district of Islam Abad Gharb enjoy the indices of the quality of life. Quality of life was measured in three social, economic and physical indices, considering 13 components. Analysis of data was performed by one-sample T-test. Based on the results, calculation of the enjoyment average showed that the district of Shian with 33.47 percent and Northern District (Dehestan-e Shomali) with 28.43 percent had the highest desirable quality of life and the lowest quality of life, respectively. So to improve the quality of life in studied rural areas, planning in all social, economic and physical indices is necessary that this issue can be more effective through providing services and organizing villages, especially less developed ones.Keywords: Islam Abad Gharb county, Village, Social, economic and physical indices, quality of life Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Spatial analysis of population and municipal services with the approach of spatial justice Case Study: the city Khorramabad
علی شماعی سمیه تیموری حسین بهرامیThe purpose of this study, "Analysis of the spatial distribution of population and municipal services in the areas of Khorramabad" is. Based on this study, the distribution of municipal services tailored to the needs of the population in 23 urban areas in Khorramabad de MoreThe purpose of this study, "Analysis of the spatial distribution of population and municipal services in the areas of Khorramabad" is. Based on this study, the distribution of municipal services tailored to the needs of the population in 23 urban areas in Khorramabad deals. The research, analytical and utilizes the model vikor, AHP, GIS map based on field data and documents. Based on the results of 10 city services 2 area index score, 5 score and the rest of the half area is unbalanced. To study the dispersion of population and municipal services Spearman correlation coefficient calculated the coefficient obtained (0/062), which show that distribution utilities with the population density is uneven. Social justice as well as to assess the three criteria of justice in the city of David Harvey indicated that the criteria has not been met in order to achieve social justice and the environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Check of social capital dimensions in the development of rural areas Case study: Islamabad Gharb district
Batool Mirzaeyan hamid Barghi bahman shafie Ahmad HajarianSocial capital is a huge conceptual that today in the analysis of social - economic, raised on rural development. The purpose of this paper is to show the role of social capital in rural development. The method is descriptive - analytical and data gathering tool was a q MoreSocial capital is a huge conceptual that today in the analysis of social - economic, raised on rural development. The purpose of this paper is to show the role of social capital in rural development. The method is descriptive - analytical and data gathering tool was a questionnaire. The study, in 1762 the head of household, the village of Hasan Abad, which sample surveyed 210 households Review was taken. Data analysis in the software SPSS, and structural equation modeling (SEM), is done. The first two models, factor analysis, two sub-scales for measuring social capital, developed and validated. Finally, the impacts of observed variables, and binary components derived from them, the main hidden social capital and the relationships between them, with the help of a structural model of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), three second order factor was analyzed. The results of the fit, and reliability both measures of social capital, and goals, and the second three-factor model for studying social capital, based on the data gathered. Participation and social trust, respectively, to the 65/0 and 78/0, had an impact on social capital. The results can, in rural planners, to improve social capital and, ultimately, contribute to the development of rural areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Research role of environment potential in rural planning Case study: central region of Mahabad city
Masoud Mahdavi Mohammad Amin MohyeddiniRegarding the developing processes of rural a sees. The analysis and theidentification of the current rural conditions and inspection of the facilities and theircircumstances in different aspects was important. And to help the rural planners toassign the developed targe MoreRegarding the developing processes of rural a sees. The analysis and theidentification of the current rural conditions and inspection of the facilities and theircircumstances in different aspects was important. And to help the rural planners toassign the developed targets to specify the diplomacy and the ways to establish them.So in this research the evaluation and assessment of environmental potential of thecentral region of the mahabad city is in consideration and for this purpose and to getthe answer of the main question of this thesis effective environmental factors to searchthe rural development. Are in consideration and analysis. This thesis in addition to thenatural facilities of concerned area and property scope of the area regarding thesefacilities and possibilities is also supposed to explain the position of these factors andtheir importance in rural development area. In spite of main goal of this thesis is todetermine the degree of the indigence of the environmental abilities in central ruraldeveloping area of mahabad city, the whole researches and studies accomplished inthis area, is in order to search the main goal of this thesis and the observer has initiallyanalyzed the remote position of the region on the basis of environment and then on thebasis of that has stepped up to search-out the main points of the research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - The Role of Industrial Location on Locating of Industrialists in Industrial Estates (The Case of East Azerbaijan/I.R.Iran)
فیروز Jamali کریم Hosseinzadeh بهزاد EntezariOne of excitement classical problems in Geography and Regional Planning, in whichboth geographers and economists participated, is “Industrial Location”. On the otherhand “Industrial Estates” are one of results of regional planning which aimed tor MoreOne of excitement classical problems in Geography and Regional Planning, in whichboth geographers and economists participated, is “Industrial Location”. On the otherhand “Industrial Estates” are one of results of regional planning which aimed toredirect mainly polluted industries to agglomerated, industrial zones out of living andrecreational environments. Despite of the benefits of industrial estates, statistics showthat in East Azerbaijan province (Iran), industrialists have little inclination to locate inthese estates.This paper assumes that irrational location of these estates is one of the mostimportant factors for reluctance of industrialists for locating in them.The results of the research show that:1. Unlike developed industrial economies, the process of emerging industrial estatesin Iran was an external, imposed one; so the nation could not benefit its results.2. The location of industrial estates in East-Azerbaijan province has been a residual ofother land uses, caused to prevent industrialists to locate in them.Location itself is a parameter in industrialization process and unsuitable location ofindustrial estates can be a factor for reluctance of industrialists to locate in them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - factors in the development of urban tourism IdentifyEffectiveWith emphasis on Tourists Satisfaction (Case study: nourabad Mamasani)
Keramatallah Zayyari Saeid Amanpour Mohammad Reza Amiri FahlyianiAs the tourism market becomes increasingly competitive, the importance of customerretention has also increased. Considering that Satisfaction of tourists is one of the importantcompetitive factors and best indices is considered for Guarantee earnings growth. Any size of MoreAs the tourism market becomes increasingly competitive, the importance of customerretention has also increased. Considering that Satisfaction of tourists is one of the importantcompetitive factors and best indices is considered for Guarantee earnings growth. Any size ofsatisfaction tourist and expectations of tourist be provided to the same amount perform attracttourists and development of tourism. The goal of this research is to analyze and evaluate thesatisfaction level of tourists Entered to the Noorabad city in timeframe March 2012 and april2013. Research Methodology is Descriptive analysis and data collection based on librarystudies and preparing the tourists entering to the city is Nurabad. In order to measure andevaluate the satisfaction of patients respond Kano model analysis of 16 factors in threecategories of basic needs, and Attractive and function is used. Statistical community included381 tourists as people were selected and the results obtained from the study indicate thattourists visiting the city Nurabad the Attractive needs of his, such as the sense of hospitalityof the people by a factor of (0/746) highest satisfaction have. The least satisfaction touristsfrom tourist status to provide for their basic needs such as quality residence amenitiessatisfaction index (0/411) and functional needs such as traffic rules and regulations with theconsent rate (0/453), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Infill development at urban texture worn (case: Khani Abad neighborhood)
Omehani Banihashemi Rahim Sarvar Yousefali Ziyari For many years, urban centers encounter complex problems such as premature aging, brown lands and reducing safety and have always engaged thinking professionals, urban planners and policy makers. One theory that has received much attention in recent years is infil More For many years, urban centers encounter complex problems such as premature aging, brown lands and reducing safety and have always engaged thinking professionals, urban planners and policy makers. One theory that has received much attention in recent years is infill development. in short, this approach proceeds to development in inside of area and redevelopment in area by using of its inner potential The aim of this study is investigation and evaluation of infill development plans in old textures and introduction of lands and textures with high potential for implementing infill development. In this study by using of the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) we achieve prioritizing and ranking of urban blocks which represent the areas with the highest potential of infill development in the neighborhood. most of mallar pumices are fall but most of reyenah pumices are flow. .volume of lahar is more in reyenah. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Scoping of Air Pollution in Tehran(1999 -2007)
Hasan Lashkari Afsaneh ZafariAir Pollution of cities has nowadays turned into an environmental, social problem.Population growth, asymmetric development in which scientific principles are notalways observed, physical tissue of cities, increase in tools,and polluting resourceshave jeopardized human MoreAir Pollution of cities has nowadays turned into an environmental, social problem.Population growth, asymmetric development in which scientific principles are notalways observed, physical tissue of cities, increase in tools,and polluting resourceshave jeopardized human life in some cities, there by threatening their health.As the largest city of Iran , Tehran is among the most polluted cities throughout theworld. In view of the effects caused by air pollution to the environment and humanhealth, precise identifying of pollutants and specifying of polluted scopes in order tolessen pollution are necessitated.In this research, data pertaining to carbon monoxide (Co) were extracted from 10main stations for measuring the air pollution settled by Tehran Clean Air Control Co.based on the PSI index and were specified by means of Excel software for a 10 –yearstatistic period of clean and dirty air, and 5 samples of the most serious polluted dayswere selected to be studied. Then, for scoping, some maps were provided by GIS.Investigation of the maps drawn revealed that direction and pace of wind played amajor role in movement of air pollution. Highly unhealthy scopes were observed incentral and southern areas, such as Fatemi, Bazar, Azadi, Mehrabad and Bahmanstations. In the samples studied, clean and permitted scopes existed more in northern,northwestern, and northeastern parts except for the sample of the day 04/12/2005,when no clean air existed anywhere in the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Feasibility of Tourism Industry in Khorram Abad based on SWOT Analytical Model
پروانه Zivyar سمیه Teymoori مصطفی NorouziTourism structure in any place is, on the one hand, influenced by its significance, nature, role variation, as well as its religious, cultural, recreational and business functions and generally by its points of interest. However, we have to identify the aptitudes, poten MoreTourism structure in any place is, on the one hand, influenced by its significance, nature, role variation, as well as its religious, cultural, recreational and business functions and generally by its points of interest. However, we have to identify the aptitudes, potentials, and capacities of tourist centers so that we may take the required steps to develop these areas via optimum investment. Thus, the research main objective is to provide the feasibility of tourism capacities and potentials in Khorram Abad to develop the industry. Hence, a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) was prepared and the SWOT matrix was elicited out of it by organizing the strategic factors, and approaches have been presented as instrumental policies to promote tourism infrastructures and potentials in Khorram Abad. Research findings show that, through a systematic look towards the existing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, it can be concluded that Khorram Abad has many tourist attractions and environmental capabilities. Therefore, the city lacks the required adaptability with the environment, and we should plan to remove the threats and change them into opportunities by taking appropriate strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - Measuring quality of life of Afghan immigrants in Iran mental approach (Case study: Firoozabad village)
Hossein Hataminejad Yaghob Abdali Ehsan AlipouriThe concept of the quality of time is a new subject which is considered by researchers and Collegiates specially in Iran. The quality of life has two main approaches: objective and subjective. In this research the quality of urban life with objective approach with consi MoreThe concept of the quality of time is a new subject which is considered by researchers and Collegiates specially in Iran. The quality of life has two main approaches: objective and subjective. In this research the quality of urban life with objective approach with considering cultural- social, economical, Skeletal- enviromental and envriomental approaches, is considered and the research methodology is descriptive analysis. The findings of Inventory field is analyzed with SPPS software with the help of average and single sample Statistical t tests, single sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and multi variable linear regression. The results of single sample t tests shows that the conditions of the quality of the refugees’s life in Firoozabad village in Rey city is low and is evaluated less than the averaged limit. The results showed that planning for social and economical indexs is very effective for improving the quality of refugee’ s life in Firoozabad village in Rey city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - Analysis of gullies morphometery in Salavat Abad-Bijar area, Kordestan province
REza Esmaili Ronak ShokatiOne of the most important resources of every country is soil. Today, its erosion and producingdeposit is a difficult that is increasing progressively and causes to lose surface soil of slope,sediment accumulation in reservoirs, sedimentation in channels and enormous dam MoreOne of the most important resources of every country is soil. Today, its erosion and producingdeposit is a difficult that is increasing progressively and causes to lose surface soil of slope,sediment accumulation in reservoirs, sedimentation in channels and enormous damage to theeconomy. In this research the gullies of region Salavat Abad-Bijar was studied. Dimension ofgullies was studied by using field surveys.The parameters of width, depth, the ratio of width todepth, the channel angel and the parameters of gully shape obtained the cross-sections wereestimated. Then these data was clustered by SPSS software and analyzed by the effectiveness ofeach variable in clusters by variance analysis and used mann-whitney U for assessing differenceof each variable with litology. Among of parameters, slope and depth of gullyhave a significantdifference with litology. According to this clustering the gullies is divided into three clusters.The results of test show homogeneity that among the different factors, only slope has beeneffective in the gullies of region and the reminded parameters has not been effectiveness as thedirect factor on gullies, therefore we concludes in the region studied, the morphometric indexescannot interfere in clustering as an effective factor. Also, it was surveyed the difference amongthe numbers of gullies in this span under study along with the factors of the amplitude shape,land use, the sensitive level to gullies, slope and the direction of amplitude by using KruskalwallisH test.The results of this test showed that there is a significant difference among thenumber of gullies with the mentioned factors in the meaningful level of 0.05. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - Management of natural resources and environmental hazardoues of rivers to reinforce tourism and ecotourism potential Case study: Abbass Abad river- Hamedan
محسن RanjbarRiver basins have basic role to shape and development of human civilization fromprevious centuries. By establishing and initiating agricultural activities in river basins,various civilizations have been created and developed. There is various natural andhistorical resou MoreRiver basins have basic role to shape and development of human civilization fromprevious centuries. By establishing and initiating agricultural activities in river basins,various civilizations have been created and developed. There is various natural andhistorical resources in natural environment that are effective one stable programmingand development. Abbass Abad river basin has been originated, from 12 km of west –southern of Hamedan, Alvand Mountains.This area has been divided to tow part of plain and mountain due to thetopographical aspects some factor as lithology geostructural are effective to controlland surface. Due to the earth features, high height had been shaped. River length is 18km from river origin to Abbass Abad region average height to this area is 2600m.Due to the internal and external processes in basin, interesting land scopes havebeen created in Alvand Mountains and have been used to exercise, mountain climbingand ski. Due to the tourism and ecotourism attraction as historical Gangnamed inscription, small land large springs, small and large waterfalls, appropriate area to skiand country side areas, this region is very important. by exploitation, this region hasbeen developed and by presence of tourists, double pressure has been created. Therefor evaluating tourism and ecotourism potentials of Abbass Abad, geomorphic featureshad been emphasized beside to management method to natural resources andenvironmental hazards to improved programming to tourism and eco tourism based onecological potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - An investigation into life quality by emphasizing urban management: a case study in Islam abad gharb
Hamid Bargh bahman shafiei ahmad hajarianIntroduction: the current urban management is not only limited to items such as planning, services, management, culture, local, construction projects, and not. The orientation activities, and urban perspective of the city in order to achieve the quality of life of fits MoreIntroduction: the current urban management is not only limited to items such as planning, services, management, culture, local, construction projects, and not. The orientation activities, and urban perspective of the city in order to achieve the quality of life of fits and urban sustainable development is necessary, all the way up it is essential The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life in the city, with an emphasis on the performance of urban management. research method: Research method type-analytical - survey-based questionnaire is the statistical population of the study includes the population of the city of Islamabad West, according to the census in 1390 the number 94699 people are in order to determine the number of samples benefiting from the Cochran formula, the number of 382 people for random sampling class have been selected . In order to analyze the data resulting from the operation field from the two methods, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (methods, path analysis with the software Amos) have been used. Findings: The results indicate that financial resources have the greatest impact on the performance of urban management. Also, the coefficient of performance impact of urban management on the economic dimension 0.36, on the social dimension of 0.29, on the day of the formation, 0.44, and on the day, environmental, 0.51. The performance of urban management on their quality of life (dimensions, economic, social, physical and environmental) 0.25 impact. And due to the amount of significant level of total assumptions (p) from the 05/0 less, and the amount of criticaln (cr), more of the acceptable range, i.e. 96/1. Conclusion: it can be claimed that all of the assumptions, research, confirming it and finally the most important component of affect urban management in increasing the quality of life in the city, the dimensions of the environment, physical and economic Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - The Evaluating of the Influence of Industrial Settelment of Shams Abad on the Development of Hasan Abad city
mansoreh tarverdi Parvaneh Zivyar bahman kargarIntroduction & Objective: development of the industrial settlements with the aim of encouraging the industrial sector and with considering the politician related to population density and benetifical usage of natural resources and preventing of non-justified of indu MoreIntroduction & Objective: development of the industrial settlements with the aim of encouraging the industrial sector and with considering the politician related to population density and benetifical usage of natural resources and preventing of non-justified of industrial density in the cities and accompanying the industrial development with environment protection and control of industrial pollutants are internationally recognized. Method: The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the industrial settlements in the development of cities in different aspects. This research is an applied research regards to the goal aspect and is a description research regards to the method. In this research, we used Cronbach's alpha in spss for validity. This statistic was about 0.736 for economical, 0.731 for social , 0.792 for environmental, 0.750 for physical and 0.855 for management indices. The reliability of the research 's questions was reviewed using experts opinion. Findings: the results from structure equation showed the two indices of "development of Employee" and "increasing migration" in social aspect, “decreasing agriculture “and “increasing air pollution” in environmental aspect, the “physical development of cities” and “improvement in low income residential situation” in physical aspects, and “creation new business” and “improvement of citizen’s income” in economical aspect, and "manager of cities a and dispersed urban management in the comprehensive plan" and "an influence of industrial cities in development of national plan in Hasan Abad" in management aspect, had the highest and lowest correlation respectively. The results of Chi-Square showed that there is a positive and significant correlation for all the aspect of management, physical, social and environmental in Hasan Abad and Shams Abad industrial settlements. Conclusion: improvement and development of Shams Abad Industrial settlements can be effected in different aspects of economical, physical and management of Hassan Abad City and this needs coherent and integrated management capabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - Facilitation and Flourishing of Local Capacities and Assets (Case Study: Jafarabad Neighborhood)
Sajjad Zangisheh hojt shekhi farhad bronkIntroduction: One of the most important missions of the facilitation is to identify the capacities and assets of the neighborhood and their flourishing in the direction of local community-based development and endogenous development. Social development is about putting MoreIntroduction: One of the most important missions of the facilitation is to identify the capacities and assets of the neighborhood and their flourishing in the direction of local community-based development and endogenous development. Social development is about putting human beings at the center of development theory. The social development approach emphasizes capacities and therefore empowerment is very important in it. In the transformation of planning approaches from the point of view of the need for base-based assets, attention has been paid to the capacities of the local community in order to empower the community. Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. To analyze the data and information, a combined method (quantitative and qualitative) appropriate to the subject has been used. Also, 461 questionnaires were distributed by simple random method and Cronbach's alpha value for the reliability test of the questionnaire was 0.874, which means that our scale has high validity and reliability. Questionnaire analysis was also performed using statistical methods in SPSS software. Findings: To focus on the assets of the Jafarabad neighborhood, one must first identify the assets. Accordingly, the key assets of the local community include influential people, local associations and clubs (CBOs), non-governmental organizations (NGOs), support-charitable centers, government agencies, physical assets (educational, sports facilities). And recreation, health and social services and other similar items (social relations, cultural assets, economic and financial assets, etc.) Accordingly, each neighborhood and local community has the conditions, capacities and assets that Relying on them, we can take steps to solve the problems of the neighborhood and the development of the local community.The research findings indicate the low capital and assets of Jafarabad neighborhood in all dimensions. Conclusion: To achieve local community-based development, identify and recognize the potentials and capacities of the neighborhood, the flourishing of local assets is a requirement. Also, by recognizing all the assets and capacities of the neighborhood and their prosperity, local community-based development can be achieved. They must be discovered and given wings and empowered to witness the flight of the neighborhood towards the ideals and goals of urban development. Unfortunately, in Jafarabad neighborhood, urban capacities and capitals have not been discovered and flourished, and this has caused the neighborhood to lag behind in development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Investigating the geomorphological limits of the physical development of city)Case example: Mahabad city(
Mohammad Ebrahim Afifi Yaser ZendehboudiCurrently, the world is continuously growing and developing due to the increase in population and diverse human needs, and its speed is increasing day by day. Therefore, humans always change and transform their surroundings and try to choose the best places for their li MoreCurrently, the world is continuously growing and developing due to the increase in population and diverse human needs, and its speed is increasing day by day. Therefore, humans always change and transform their surroundings and try to choose the best places for their lives. The purpose of the current research is to analyze and investigate the geomorphological limitations of the physical development of Mahabad city and its optimal location in the future development. For this reason, 1:100000 geological maps, layers of elevation, slope, direction of slope, geology, land use, flood, erosion, fault, satellite images and by processing and providing these parameters in ARC GIS software, editing and digitization have been done on them. Is. Finally, by using fuzzy and hierarchical logic models, land zoning has been done for the physical development of Mahabad city. The results showed that the formation of this city in its current position was not based on geomorphological studies, but due to the existence of fertile plains and plains, which are among the oldest human settlements. The most suitable direction for the physical development and expansion of Mahabad city is towards the north and towards Mahabad Jalga (ruined city). According to the zoning map, about 12.5% in fuzzy multiplication and about 29.1% in fuzzy addition are part of the appropriate area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - Measure the Urban Quality of Life in Worn out Tissues Case Study: Aliabad Neighborhood, Khorramabad City
Razieh Rashidi ahmad zanganeh hamidreza saremiIntroduction and Objective: The purpose of this research is to measure the dimensions of urban quality of life in the context of the worn out texture through objective and subjective aspects and ultimately provide a solution for improving the quality of urban life in th MoreIntroduction and Objective: The purpose of this research is to measure the dimensions of urban quality of life in the context of the worn out texture through objective and subjective aspects and ultimately provide a solution for improving the quality of urban life in the context of the worn-out texture of the Ali Abad neighborhood of Khorramabad city. Methods: The present research is based on the initial data. In order to collect the initial data, a sample survey was conducted in the studied area.380 questionnaires were prepared to determine the quality of life in the territory of the worn out tissue. Results: The findings of this study showed that transport, housing, urban governance and recreational accessibility have the greatest effect on the level of life satisfaction in the worn out tissue. By planning for the improvement of these components, the level of life satisfaction can be found in this area has been raised. Conclusion: Physical variable is effective on mental aspects of quality of life. That is, by increasing a standard deviation in the variable of physical dimensions, the amount of life satisfaction and mental dimensions of quality of life will increase the same amount. Also, according to the results of regression, it was determined that the agent of housing does not have the greatest effect on the physical quality of the urban environment and this is the transport factor that has the most effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Analysis effective factors on development of sustainable tourism in Sarvabad town using TOPSIS model
زهرا سادات سعیده زرآبادی ناهیده مردوخیIntroduction and Objective: Recently tourism has become one of the requirement in human being life and the most important and professional industry service in the world. Therefore it provides us these opportunities to be hopeful in using advantageous of tourism. B MoreIntroduction and Objective: Recently tourism has become one of the requirement in human being life and the most important and professional industry service in the world. Therefore it provides us these opportunities to be hopeful in using advantageous of tourism. But this major can be possible when we consider effective factors on planning and management strategy. Because of different potentialities in tourism such as variety of natural attractive places and located Uraman-Takht in this region, Sarvabad is the most interesting area in Kurdistan province. Therefore based on it's special geography position and different potentialities in attracting tourist, it is easy to have sustainable development and increase the positive abilities of tourism. But for this we need to have a professional management and planning for tourism. Method: Our method in this research is descriptive and analysis and for determining the effective factors on development sustainable tourism we use phase analysis of TOPSIS. Based on these method proper factors are those that have a minimum distance from ideal positive solution and have a maximum distance from ideal negative solution. Findings: From our analysis the most effective factor on sustainable development tourism in Sarvabad is improving state of infrastructure. This area is full of interesting places but unfortunately due to not having suitable infrastructure and topography situation it is not easy to visit them. Results: We found that some places such as Uraman-Tahkt has different interesting touristic places but owing to have a weak infrastructure it is in lower order and it shows that having a special attention on infrastructure is mandatory Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Ecological Assessment of Public Spaces with Emphasis on the Connection between the City and Nature (Case Study: Yousefabad Neighborhood of Tehran)
zahra khodaee FARIBA DEHNOIntroduction and Purpose: Today, lack of attention to ecological and environmental issues in the design of urban public spaces and the existence of a purely architectural attitude in the designs cause destroys the natural environment of cities and disturbs its order in MoreIntroduction and Purpose: Today, lack of attention to ecological and environmental issues in the design of urban public spaces and the existence of a purely architectural attitude in the designs cause destroys the natural environment of cities and disturbs its order in the urban space. This in turn over time, the loss of identity of cities will reduce the readability and discomfort for city residents and it will dilute the relationship between public spaces and nature. Yousefabad neighborhood is located in District 6 as the identity card of Tehran. This neighborhood has had urban spaces with a high level of social interactions and the location of aqueducts and gardens in the past Which are now completely destroyed by urban development. The main purpose of the forthcoming research is Knowledge, analysis and environmental design of ecological infrastructure using the principle of connection between urban spaces and nature in the neighborhood of Yousefabad. Method: The type of research is quantitative-survey method. Component were analyzed by using 256 questionnaires among residents to examine the effect of public space criteria and connection with nature in ecological design and determining the degree of importance of each the component. Findings: Based on the findings, the most important and the least important components are as green infrastructure as the most important indicator with a score of 7.87 and participation as the least important indicator with a score of 5.43 Conclusion: The results showed that green infrastructure is the most important indicator and participation is the least important indicator. Yousefabad neighborhood has not reached the balance between important and specific research components. It can only be done by the potential of public spaces in the neighborhood to achieved a remarkable ecological network design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Analysis of urbanization Effect in improving
دکتر علی شماعی آزاده عظیمی امین فرجی ملائیIntroduction: High focus of services in large cities led to over population in this cities and in follow of this subject we see emergence of environmental problems like pollution and social crisis. This inequality and the gap caused that urban theorists and managers foc MoreIntroduction: High focus of services in large cities led to over population in this cities and in follow of this subject we see emergence of environmental problems like pollution and social crisis. This inequality and the gap caused that urban theorists and managers focus to develop quality of life for communities in rural areas to absorb population and balance the in facilities on areas. One of the approaches for some communities is granting standards and quality of urban life in villages in order to balance between quality of life. This article aim is study the effects Segzabad urbanization on residents to improving life quality, control of irregular migration and optimal management of societies. Method: Method of This paper is descriptive and analytical. In order to review and analysis Issues was used SPSS software. To measure quality of life associated with the process of urbanization in Sgzabad Village has been analysis eight indicators includes ; environmental quality, education, housing, participation, health care, leisure, transport and personal welfare, residents in the form of 315 collected questionnaires. Results: The results make these result that urbanization as an independent variable has positive effects on people's living standards in Segzabad city. In fact, for analysis of relationship between quality of life and the urbanization of Sgzabad has been studied 8 index. Conclusion: Segzabad urbanization are about 50 percent positive effect that led to upgrading the quality of life indicators Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Peri-urban agriculture and its effect on food security:Analysis of the viewpoint of Farmers in suburbs of Noorabad-e-Mamassani city
Marzieh Kiani Mostafa Ahmadvand Maryam SharifzadehToday, considerable interest in urban agriculture is being manifested by policy makers, government agencies and academics due to its contribution to food security and poverty alleviation in cities. Therefore, this research has evaluated the farmers’ viewpoints reg MoreToday, considerable interest in urban agriculture is being manifested by policy makers, government agencies and academics due to its contribution to food security and poverty alleviation in cities. Therefore, this research has evaluated the farmers’ viewpoints regarding peri-urban agriculture in Noorabad city with an emphasis on the dimensions of food security. The study population consisted of peri-urban farmers of Noorabad who had at least two hectares of cultivated land. Based on the sampling table of Bartlett and colleague, 123 people were selected and distributed randomly with proportional assignment. The findings showed that the studied farmers evaluated urban agriculture in improving the dimensions of effective food security, but the diversity of views was seen among them. Therefore, the studied farmers were classified into two groups (negative evaluator and positive evaluator) using cluster analysis. The findings also showed that these two groups have different attitudes toward urban agriculture. On the other hand, the results showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between the impact of urban agriculture on improving the dimensions of food security (availability, availability, utilization and stability) with the attitude towards urban agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Analysis of Education and Extension Barriers to Develop Dehydrated Products Resistance in Khorramabad Township
Hossein Mikhak Mehdi Rahimian Saeed GholamrezaiThe present research is a survey and applied research where the objectives were to analyze the challenges of development of crops resistant to dehydration and to recognize the status of educational and extension barriers among farmers in Khorramabad township. The statis MoreThe present research is a survey and applied research where the objectives were to analyze the challenges of development of crops resistant to dehydration and to recognize the status of educational and extension barriers among farmers in Khorramabad township. The statistical population consisted of two groups of experts in the field of water management and water crops farmers in Khoramabad township in 2016-2017 (N = 7050). From experts 'community of 38 people and from the farmers' society, 202 people were selected by multi-stage sampling method and the required data were collected by a questionnaire. Questionnaire's reliability and validity confirmed respectively through computing Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.761) and content validity. Data analyzed by SPSS software. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis, barriers to the development of crops resistant to dehydration were classified into four categories: perceptual-attitude, informational-cognitive, service-supportive and educational-promotional. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that among the 18 barriers examined, only two barriers to "poor communication between experts and farmers regarding the cultivation of crop resistant crops" and "the lack of up-to-date extension training with site pattern changes" You did not stop developing crop resistant dehydrating products. But the comparison of the average of the presence of any barrier in the region with the average importance of the same obstacle showed that 16 other barriers significantly impeded the development of crops resistant to dehydration in the Khorramabad Township. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - بررسی بیماری نکروز عفونی مراکز خونساز (IHN) به روش ایمونوهیستوشیمی در برخی از مراکز تکثیر و پرورش ماهیان قزل آلای ایران
عادل حقیقی خیابانیان اصل مهدی سلطانی ایرج سهرابی حقدوست عیسی شریف پور -
Open Access Article
85 - تغییرات فصلی مس خون گوسفندان و میزان مس، مولیبدنم و گوگرد خاک و علوفۀ مرتعی در شهرستان مهاباد - آذربایجان غربی
دکتر امیرپرویز رضایی صابر دکتر علی رضایی -
Open Access Article
86 - تشخیص آلودگی گله های پرورش بوقلمون اطراف تهران وساوه به نمو – ویروس با استفاده از روش الایزا
نریمان شیخی -
Open Access Article
87 - The effect of combination of probiotic, lactase enzyme and special antibodies on humoral immunity and histomorphology of lymphoid organs in broiler chickens
Molakhah, H., Zakeri, A.* .The aim of this research has been to determine the effect compound of probiotics, lactase enzyme and antibodies on improving the histomorphology characters of lymphoid organs and improving growth humoral immunity of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 96 broilers (W- Ro MoreThe aim of this research has been to determine the effect compound of probiotics, lactase enzyme and antibodies on improving the histomorphology characters of lymphoid organs and improving growth humoral immunity of broiler chickens. For this purpose, 96 broilers (W- Ross 308) have been randomly divided into two groups of 48 with 4 replicates. For evaluation of humoral immunity, samples were selected from each replication randomly at 3rd, 23th and 42th day of production, and cc blood was got from wing vein and HI was tested. For evaluation of histomorphology of lymphoid organs at the end of period, randomly two slaughter samples were selected from each replication has been sent to the histology lab. The results of statistical analysis were shown that rate of antibodies was non significant at -day – old (p>0.05) and it was significant at days and days (p). Microscopic studies of lymphoid organs (Bursa of fabricius, spleen and thymus) were shown significant statistical difference (p<0.05) but non significant at other parameters. According to the results of using of the combination can improved humoral immune system and has no medicinal residue in poultry meat, it can be an appropriate substitute for growth stimulating antibiotics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - A Survey of Information Seeking Behavior of Graduate Students of Islamic Azad University: Najaf Abad Branch
Asefeh Asemi Saeed Rajaeepour Narges Oraee Ali Akbar MirzaeePurpose: The aim of this research is toinvestigate the information seeking behavior of Islamic Azad University of Najafabad Master students. Methodology: A descriptive-survey method was used and the statistical population of this research was the students of the MorePurpose: The aim of this research is toinvestigate the information seeking behavior of Islamic Azad University of Najafabad Master students. Methodology: A descriptive-survey method was used and the statistical population of this research was the students of the first semester of 2010-2011 academic year. The research tool was a researcher-developed questionnaire. Findings: The findings showed that the main source of information for student was a knowledgeable person in the subject. The main purpose was writing thesis, and the most important instrument was library software. About the university library: most of the information resources were textbooks, the primary purpose of information seeking in the library was doing homeworks, and the most used tools, was library software and the most information resource services used in library was library reference services. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that academic libraries and librarians failed to meet the information needs and conduct information seeking behavior of graduate students, which is due to the weaknesses of the planning and investment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - Effects of different levels of biochar on soil physical properties with different textures
Fatemeh Razzaghi ناهید رضاییBiochar is a charcoal made from biomass and animal manure, which is produced by thermal decompositionunder a limited or zero supply of oxygen. Therefore, the current research was conducted to evaluate the effect ofdifferent biochar levels on some soil physical and chemi MoreBiochar is a charcoal made from biomass and animal manure, which is produced by thermal decompositionunder a limited or zero supply of oxygen. Therefore, the current research was conducted to evaluate the effect ofdifferent biochar levels on some soil physical and chemical properties in four soil types under greenhouseconditions. The experiment was performed in completely randomized design with four levels of biocharproduced from wheat straw in 500oC (0 (as control), 25, 50 and 75 ton ha-1) and four soils having varioustextures (sandy loam, loam, clay loam and clay) in three replications. Forty days after mixture of soil and biocharand determination of soil moisture content at field capacity, other physical and chemical parameters (soilmoisture at permanent wilting point, bulk and particle density, saturated hydraulic conductivity and cationexchange capacity) were measured by taking soil samples from the pots. The results showed that application ofbiochar enhanced soil physical properties. Increasing biochar levels from 0 to 75 ton ha-1 increased soil availablewater content, porosity, hydraulic conductivity and cation exchange capacity by 45, 13, 95 and 52 %,respectively. It is concluded that biochar can be used as a soil amendment in coarse textured soil to increasewater holding capacity and in fine textured soil to improve the drainage and infiltration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Evaluation of classic semi-permanent sprinkler system and modeling evaporation losses and wind drift in ADF 25˚ nozzle sprinkler model in Moghan region
majid raoof یاسر حسینی fardin Nazari-GiglooOptimized management and utilization of any system requires knowing the working conditions of the system, and optimized utilization becomes possible by evaluating the way the system works. Since various regions in Iran have arid and semi-arid climates, obtaining the act MoreOptimized management and utilization of any system requires knowing the working conditions of the system, and optimized utilization becomes possible by evaluating the way the system works. Since various regions in Iran have arid and semi-arid climates, obtaining the actual wind drift and evaporation losses and also making optimized use of water has a great importannce. The present research intended to evaluate a classic semi-permanent sprinkler, to measure wind drift and evaporation losses, and to introduce an optimized model by using multivariate regression for the study region. The study was conducted in Part of the Moghan agro-industrial complex in Ardabil province at wind speeds of 0-3 and 3-6 and higher than 6 meters per second with three replications. Results in ADF 25º nozzle sprinkler model indicated that the efficiencies of the system at wind speeds of 0-3, 3-6, and higher than 6 meters per second were 82, 66, and 43 percent, respectively, and wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, nozzle diameter, and vapor pressure deficit (saturation deficit) were among the factors that influenced wind drift and evaporation losses. The wind factor had the most and vapor pressure deficit the least effect on wind drift and evaporation losses. Furthermore, the equation of the best fit line to the measured values for wind drift and evaporation losses under the prevailing atmospheric conditions in the region was as follows and the difference between results of the model and observed data was not significant in 1% level of confidence. Moreover, the measured and the modeled percentages obtained for wind drift and evaporation losses varied from 6 to 34 and from 11to 35 percent, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - Particles size distribution of Lake Urmia area soils erosion sampling by BSNE sampler
FATEMEH ZABIHI Mehrdad Esfandiari MOHAMMADREZA DALAIAN Abolfazl MoeiniRecently, the Lake Urmia has become one of the key dust sources in Iran due to a sharp drop in its water level. One of the essential information to decide how to deal with this problem is to know the distribution of the particles size carried at different heights above MoreRecently, the Lake Urmia has become one of the key dust sources in Iran due to a sharp drop in its water level. One of the essential information to decide how to deal with this problem is to know the distribution of the particles size carried at different heights above the soil surface. In order to trap the dust particles of the Lake Urmia area soils erosion, one of dust centers that was located in the southeastern of the Lake Urmia in 30 kilometers distance from the Tabriz-Azarshahr road was selected and the BSNE samplers (Big Spring Number Eight) were used. 14 pole, each of which had 4 samplers at 0.15, 0.5, 1 and 2 m heights above the soil surface were installed in a circle pattern. The samplers were evaluated in 12 interval periods (March 2016-February 2017) and the particle size distribution and the vertical profile of gathered particles were determined. Results showed that the amount of fine particles (0.15-0.053 mm) was greater than the coarse particles (1-0.25 mm). The highest amount of the fine particles was obtained at 100 and 200 cm and of the coarse particles was obtained at 15 cm height above the soil surface. When the height above the soil surface increased, the weight of gathered particles decreased. The power function was the best to explain changes between the weight of gathered particles and the height above the soil surface. There was a negative correlation between monthly rainfall and the weight of gathered particles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Modeling Desalination of Brackish Water with the Electrodialysis Method, Using the Design of Experiments and the GMDH neural Network
Maryam Sharafi Mahmood AkbariBackground and Aim: Desalination of saline and brackish water as a relatively permanent resource is a reliable solution to compensate for water shortages. The Electrodialysis process, as one of the desalination methods, separates almost unsalted water from saline water MoreBackground and Aim: Desalination of saline and brackish water as a relatively permanent resource is a reliable solution to compensate for water shortages. The Electrodialysis process, as one of the desalination methods, separates almost unsalted water from saline water and is becoming a solution for water scarcity all over the worldworldwide. Modeling methods allow provide the study of desalination of saline and brackish water by the Electro Dialysisdialysis, as well as predicting the behaviors and process patterns of these systems. The purpose of this study is to model the Electrodialysis process by Design of Experiments and to evaluateing the GMDH neural network method in estimating the separation percentage and the output flux of the brackish water Electrodialysis cell.Method: The volumetric flow values in six levels (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mL min-1), solute concentration in three levels (200, 500, and 1000 mg L-1), temperature in three levels (50 , 60, and 70°C), voltage at three levels (10, 20, and 30 V) and pressure at three levels (200, 400, and 800 Pa) were extracted. In order to model the effect of each above inputs on the separation percentage and output flux of brackish water Electrodialysis cells, The full factorial design and the GMDH neural network were are used to model the effect of each above inputs on the separation percentage and output flux of brackish water Electrodialysis cells. In modeling the output of the Electrodialysis cell output using the GMDH neural network, after determining the input variables, randomization, normalization and segmentation of input and output variables were performeddone. For modeling, 90% of the data (437 samples) were randomly assigned for training and 10% of the data (49 samples) were are used for validation. On the other hand, due to having specific levels for each of the inputs, it was possible to use a Full Factorial experimental design.Results: The linear results of statistical regression analysis table results showeshowd that there is a significant difference between all simple and interaction effects of the treatments for the response variable of separation percentage and flux at the one percent level. With decreasing volume flow and solute concentration, and increasing temperature, voltage, and pressure, the separation percentage and output flux showed a significant increase. The results of modeling with the GMDH neural network showed demonstrates that in the training step, the prediction accuracy of separation percentage (R2=0.90, MBE=-0.16 and RMSE=7.48) and flux (R2=0.79, MBE =0.001 and RMSE=0.08). The These criteria same values in the testing step were are 0.85, -3, and 9.37 for separation percentage and 0.78, -0.008, and 0.07 for flux. Correlation of target and output data, proximity of target and output values to y = x diagram, low transgression of error values from zero value and proximity of error distribution (histogram) to normal distribution were obtained. Conclusion: After determining the significant differences of all simple and interaction effects of treatments for response variables, the means were compared. It is ideal to Hhaveing more separation percentage and output flux response variables was ideal. Therefore, the results of comparing the means showed illustrate that the best volumetric flow level equal to 1 ml / min, input flow concentration of 200 mg / l, temperature of 70 ° C, input voltage of 30 volts and pressure of 800 Pascals, lead to the highest separation percentage and output flux. In addition, with decreasing volumetric flow, and decreasing solute concentration, and increasing temperature, increasing voltage and increasing pressure, separation percentage and output flux showed a significant increaserise. Also, according to the statistical indicators for the whole data, appropriate correlation, slightly underestimation, and small error were are obtained. ThereforeThus, using the Design of Experiments and GMDH neural network has suitable accuracy for modeling desalination of brackish water using the Electrodialysis process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Efficiency of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation on Surface Strength of Jabalkandi Dune Sand
Kazem Badv ّFarzaneh Douzali Joushin Mohsen BarinBy approaching towards Urmia Lake, the potential source of sand dust originating from the sand dunes can be clearly observed. Wind erosion causes soil and environmental degradation. The high cost of petroleum mulches and their destructive effects on the environment have MoreBy approaching towards Urmia Lake, the potential source of sand dust originating from the sand dunes can be clearly observed. Wind erosion causes soil and environmental degradation. The high cost of petroleum mulches and their destructive effects on the environment have led to the use of environmentally friendly and cheaper materials. In this study, the control of surface erosion of sand dust in the Jabalkandi region has been investigated by enhancing its surface strength by microbial-induced carbonate precipitation. An aerobic sporosarcina pasteurii bacteria, which exists pervasively in natural soil deposits was utilized to control soil erosion. The industrial corn extract has been used to cultivate this bacterium. To evaluate the effect of bacteria, the undrained shear strength of the soil was measured using insitu vane shear apparatus. The evaluated parameters included the bacteria concentration, retention time, effect of double injection with 7 days delay period, effect of environmental conditions on the bacteria functionality and the rate of gain of surface strength. The results showed improvement of the soil shear strength with time. The resulted maximum soil shear strength was 0.65 kg/cm2. The results indicated that the reinjection of the bacteria solution and cementation resulted in 60 % extra surface strength gain of the soil compared to one time injection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Three years effect of iron and magnesium nano-particles on the stability of aggregates and some soil chemical properties
Elahe Daraei Hossein Bayat Pouya ZamaniLittle is known about the long term effects of nanoparticles on soil properties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the three years effects of nanoparticles on aggregate stability and some of the soil chemical properties. Different amounts (1, 3 a MoreLittle is known about the long term effects of nanoparticles on soil properties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the three years effects of nanoparticles on aggregate stability and some of the soil chemical properties. Different amounts (1, 3 and 5 percentage by weight) of two types of nanoparticle of metal oxides, MgO and Fe3O4 were mixed with a loamy soil in three replications and their possible effects on different properties of the soil after three years were investigated. The results showed that application of nanoparticles, increased the pH of the soil from 7.7 in the control to 8.1- 9.3 and the electrical conductivity from 0.31 in the control to 0.34 -0.56 dSm-1, due to the increase in the alkali cations. The percentage of calcium carbonate increased from 19.75% in the control to 20.5-22.7% due to the accumulation of nanoparticles in the soil, with the highest increase in three variables with 5% magnesium nano oxide. 3% nano iron oxide significantly increased the cation exchange capacity from 23.50 in the control to 24.28 cmolc/kgsoil. Also the nanoparticles increased the mean weight diameter, due to their high specific surface area, with the greater effect of magnesium nano oxide (increased from 33 to 1242 percentage compared to the control) than iron nano oxide (increased from 97 to 173 percentage compared to the control). In general, the results of this study showed that, nanoparticles with specific physico-chemical properties can affect some properties of soil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - Monitoring and Forecasting of Effective Climatic Factors on the Mobility of Sand Dunes in Semnan province
Ebrahim Yousefi Mobarhan Mansor Ghodrati Mohammad KhosroshahiWind erosion and the movement of quicksands are considered as one of the important processes of land degradation and a serious challenge in Iran. In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the frequency of dust days in synoptic stations of Semnan province by conside MoreWind erosion and the movement of quicksands are considered as one of the important processes of land degradation and a serious challenge in Iran. In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the frequency of dust days in synoptic stations of Semnan province by considering the weather conditions. Also, the activity of sand dunes based on Lancaster index was examined. The results of this study during the statistical period of 15 years (2003-2017) showed Damghan station with 10% of erosive winds and 1058 days with dust and Shahroud station with 1% of erosive winds and 58 days with dust and Dust has the highest and lowest percentages of winds with speeds higher than the wind erosion threshold, respectively. The results of Lancaster index showed that Damghan city with the highest index has the potential of "fully active" wind sediments and therefore the stabilization of sand dunes is essential to reduce the damage caused by the activity of sand dunes in this area. The results of predicting the effects of possible changes in climatic factors on the mobility of quicksand in the selected station of the province showed that the sensitivity of sand mobility to changes due to increase in rain more than wind speed and to changes in decrease due to rain less than wind speed and if the average wind speed decreases by 30% in the future or the amount of rainfall increases by 30%, the condition of the hills will change from fully active to active. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Investigating Different Strategies to Reduce Energy Consumption in Saleh Abad Irrigation Network
Alireza Soltani Hamzehali alizadeh Jafar mamizadeh javad sarvarianBackground and Aim: Today, the dependency between energy consumption and water use has become an important issue in pressurized irrigation networks. In addition to the problem of water scarcity, rising energy costs are also a challenge for the agricu MoreBackground and Aim: Today, the dependency between energy consumption and water use has become an important issue in pressurized irrigation networks. In addition to the problem of water scarcity, rising energy costs are also a challenge for the agricultural sector. The objective of this study was to investigate different strategies to reduce energy consumption in the pressurized irrigation network of Saleh Abad.Method: For this purpose, firstly, minor changes affecting energy consumption including change in diameter of lateral pipe were evaluated. In this level, evaluated scenarios were lateral pipe diameters in mm 63 and 75. Hydraulic analysis of irrigation network was calculated using WaterGems software and energy consumption in different pumping stations was calculated using energy audit. In the second level of evaluation, four scenarios were defined to reduce energy consumption in the irrigation networks by structural changes in the irrigation network based on energy audit strategies, critical point control, network sectoring and pumping station management. The scenarios were (i) network sectoring without changing the main canal line, (ii) change of main canal line to pipe line, (iii) implementation a new first pipe line for a part of the network that is irrigated by gravity water, and (iv) elimination of the secondary pumping station by increasing the primary pumping station head. In the scenarios i, ii and iii, the part of the irrigation network lands was determined that could be irrigated without the need for a secondary pumping station. In this scenarios, the energy saving was calculated in a new condition by varying the type or number of pumps in secondary pumping stations to provide upstream discharge and head requirements.Results:The results showed that according to the topographic conditions of the network, changing the diameter of the laterals had no effect on saving energy. Also, the results showed that by network sectoring and applying scenarios(i), (ii), and (iv), the irrigated area without the need for a secondary pumping station were 610.8, 1591.5 and 1621.8 hectares, the energy saving in secondary pumping station were 14.6, 46.1 and 47.4% and the total energy consumed in network were 3.9, 12.4 and 12.7%, respectively. In the scenario iv, the primary pumping station was optimized. The result indicated that if the pumps type of the primary pumping station were changed and the water reservoir was implemented in higher level, it would be possible to eliminate the secondary pumping stations. In this case, the total area network (2820 ha) was irrigated without the secondary pump station and the energy saving was 8.46%.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that changing the diameter of the lateral pipe had no significant effect on the energy consumption of the network. Also, the results showed that network sectoring and changes in main pipeline, it is possible to save up to 3121 MWh in the annual energy consumption of the network. Therefore, it is suggested that, network sectoring based on the input pressure of hydrants and the use of gravity, in the design of irrigation and drainage networks, considered as an effective solution to reduce energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - The Effect of Changing Land Use of Almond Orchards in Saman Plain of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province to Agricultural Lands on Some Physical and Chemical Indicators of Soil Quality
Kkamran ParvanakBackground and Aim: In recent years, some farmers in the plains of Saman in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have changed the use of almond orchards in this area to agricultural land and pastures in order to provide food and fodder. Since these activities are m MoreBackground and Aim: In recent years, some farmers in the plains of Saman in the province of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari have changed the use of almond orchards in this area to agricultural land and pastures in order to provide food and fodder. Since these activities are mostly carried out without sufficient knowledge of the soil environment, there can be a serious threat to reduce soil quality. Therefore, studies on the effect of different managements on different soil characteristics and in the direction of a sustainable soil resource are very important. In this research, the effect of land use change in these areas on some physical and chemical indicators of soil quality was investigated.Methods:In order to investigate the effect of land use change on some physical and chemical indicators of the soil quality of three land use systems comprising a permanent almond orchard, permanent pasture and almond orchard converted to land were selected in the plain of Saman. 15 samples of soil (45 samples in total) were taken from 0 to 30 cm in the form of networks (30 x 30 meters) in each of the three land use systems considered. Some physical and chemical parameters of studied soil samples measured by standard methods.After collecting and saving data in Excel, a one-side analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on using the SPSS18 software and the comparison of the means was also carried out on the basis of the LSD test at a probability level of 1%.Results:The results of analysis of variance data showed that changing land use (changing of almond orchards to agricultural land) had significant effect on the indeces examined physical and chemical of at 0.01 level. The Land use change did not change the surface soil texture of the study areas. The soil texture of all three-study system was almost the same (clay loam inclined to sandy clay loam). According to the findings of the mean comparison, when almond orchards were converted to agricultural land, there was a significant reduction in total porosity, mean weighted diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), base infiltration rate, and soil organic carbon by 12%, 56%, 50%, and 54%, respectively. Conversely, there was a notable increase of 10%, 5%, 44%, and 18% in bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, and soil lime percentage at a significance level of 0.01 (pr<0.01).In this study, substituting improved pasture plants with land grazed pasture significantly augmented the average of soil organic carbon, total porosity, solidity of soil aggregates (MWD) and base infiltration rate by 48%, 14%, 69%, and 40%, respectively, as compared to agricultural land at a significance level of 0.01 (pr<0.01). However, no significant difference was observed at a significance level of 0.01 (pr>0.01) between almond orchard and pasture land concerning the evaluated indicators.Conclusion:Overall, the parameters analyzed indicate that organic carbon, mean weighted diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), and bulk density are reliable indicators of soil quality in the study area. The average values of these indicators provide an optimal alternative for management and tillage practices in various land uses. Moreover, due to the delicate and vulnerable ecosystems of Saman Plain, it is recommended to avoid converting garden lands (such as almond orchards) into agricultural lands within the study area. This approach will help prevent soil erosion in one of the most sensitive areas of the country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Estimation of Production Function and Water Use Efficiency on Eggplant in Drip Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer
Ali Abdzad Gohari Ebrahim Amiri Amin AlizadehAccess to irrigation scheduling and water and nitrogen management effects on growth of eggplant, because it When can increase the yield of the proper management of water and fertilizer is needed. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of reducin MoreAccess to irrigation scheduling and water and nitrogen management effects on growth of eggplant, because it When can increase the yield of the proper management of water and fertilizer is needed. The present study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of reducing water consumption at eggplant plants using drip irrigation tape (Tape) and Appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer and its effect on crop yield and the production function and Crop coefficient (Kc) and Crop drought resistance factor (Ky), in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the city of Astaneh Ashrafiyeh in 2010 crop year. Main plots consisted of non-irrigated (dryland) and drip irrigation management, 60, 80 and 100% of crop water requirement and two minor amounts of nitrogen including zero, 90, 120 and 150 kg.N.ha-1 were applied. The results showed that Drip irrigation at 100% of crop water management with the application of 120 kg.N.ha-1 produced maximum yield was with 51.9 ton.ha-1. WUE values varied in the range of 4.20 to 11.42 kg/m3 in relation to nitrogen management and irrigation had a greater effect on yield. Crop coefficient obtained during the growing season varies for Eggplant was between 0.8 to 0.9 while resistance factor was Ky =1.06. The results showed that there were significant differences in plant height and length of the roots in irrigation management, and content management across the product nitrogen. But yield, number of leaves, length and width of the product and water use efficiency of eggplant were affected by the amount of irrigation water and fertilizer and their interactions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The Sufi Conduct and the Social Responsibility: A Probe into Hajj Mulla Ali NurAlishah Gunabadi’s Social and Cultural Views and Affairs
MohammadAli Tavousi Mahmoodreza EsfandiarThe present study examines the views, social behavior, and cultural affairs of Hajj Mulla Ali NurAlishah Gunabadi, a prominent Sufi master of the Nimatullahi Sufi order, in order to gain insights into the relationship between Sufi conduct and social responsibility. The MoreThe present study examines the views, social behavior, and cultural affairs of Hajj Mulla Ali NurAlishah Gunabadi, a prominent Sufi master of the Nimatullahi Sufi order, in order to gain insights into the relationship between Sufi conduct and social responsibility. The study uses a descriptive-analytical method and is a library based research. The first section defines social responsibility and explores notable views on the social roles of Sufis. The authors then discuss NurAlishah's forty-day period of seclusion and his social and cultural activities, including the establishment of the Mazare Soltani Sufi Center of Beidokht. The results of the study suggest that NurAlishah's devotion to fulfilling Sufi commands did not prevent him from engaging in society, which is a trait common among many Sufi masters. The issue of Sufism and its effect on social and cultural affairs remains a controversial topic among Iranian researchers, and this paper contributes to the ongoing discussion by examining the behavior and views of a prominent Sufi master. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Troubadours and the Developments of the Concept of Love in the Middle Ages
mahdie aminzadeh gohari Shahram PazoukiIn the late eleventh century, the troubadour school with features of nobility, Polytheism, and anti-religion was established in the southern parts of France. The Arab had influenced this school a lot, and then it moved from Paris to London and created the Minnesang in G MoreIn the late eleventh century, the troubadour school with features of nobility, Polytheism, and anti-religion was established in the southern parts of France. The Arab had influenced this school a lot, and then it moved from Paris to London and created the Minnesang in Germany. In Italy it produced a delicate style of the poetry which provided the context for the advent of Dante. Troubadours were poets who had love as their character. The Albigensian Crusade terminated Troubadours in 1209 A.D., Pope Innocent III started this crusade which is the most terrible Crusades of European History. Troubadours were connected to Albigensian in those periods, although the Albigensian movement was actually a protest against the medieval clergy. Therefore, Troubadours and their developments of love thinking were complicatedly integrated to religious life. The concepts and theme of the poems and songs of Troubadours are generally derived from the daily life issues, especially the dissemination of the Catharism. Regarding the intimidation and horror caused by priests, the Catharism chose the poetry of Troubadours in order to disseminate their own heresy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Mazdakism: Monotheism or Dualism
محمد جواد شمسThe appearance of Mazdak and his announcement was in Kawad’s(488-531) time who at first converted to Mazdakism, but after atemporarily overthrow, abandoned Mazdak and his followers. It seemsthat in 528 or 529 C.E. many of Mazdakites were killed by KhosrowAnushirav MoreThe appearance of Mazdak and his announcement was in Kawad’s(488-531) time who at first converted to Mazdakism, but after atemporarily overthrow, abandoned Mazdak and his followers. It seemsthat in 528 or 529 C.E. many of Mazdakites were killed by KhosrowAnushiravan under the command of Kawad. After Mazdak hisfollowers, known as Mazdakeans, did not lose their faith in Mazdakand his teachings so tried to spread his teachings in a hidden manner.Teachings of Mazdak, due to their similarities with some doctrines ofManichaeism, Zoroastrianism and even Zurvanism, often were ascribedto these religions. Mazdakism, on the one hand, is a dualistic religionwhich believes in two origins eternally different and independent and,on the other, speaks about an exalted God. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - Mystical principles: Possibility or Refusal
Maryam Emami Shahram PazoukiOne of the important issues that we face in studying different branches of Islamic sciences such as jurisprudence, theology and philosophy is that these sciences have general principles and the scholars of these sciences describe issues and remove doubts according to th MoreOne of the important issues that we face in studying different branches of Islamic sciences such as jurisprudence, theology and philosophy is that these sciences have general principles and the scholars of these sciences describe issues and remove doubts according to these principles. The question now is whether Islamic mysticism is no exception to this issue and has principles or not, and secondly, if it has principles, what is the origin of mystical principles? In this article, firstly, the principle is defined and the main elements of the principle in religious sciences are determined. Then, based on mystical texts, including theoretical mysticism and practical mysticism, the existence or non-existence of principles is examined. This review shows Islamic mysticism, as a science, also has general principles, and secondly, these principles are either directly derived from Quranic verses and hadiths or indirectly based on their meanings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Zoroastrian Scriptures and the Environment: the Man’s Role in Prosperity of Earth and Nature
پروانه Orojnia Leila HooshangiIt seems that the attitude of man towards nature, the physical world and the environment is the root of present environmental crisis. Considering the comprehensive presence of religion in all aspects of past traditional societies lives, it is obvious that to understand MoreIt seems that the attitude of man towards nature, the physical world and the environment is the root of present environmental crisis. Considering the comprehensive presence of religion in all aspects of past traditional societies lives, it is obvious that to understand the relationship of man and nature, therefore to determine his attitude in each religious tradition, one has to reconsider the teachings which are commonly found in religious texts and shape the spiritual paradims. The present paper tries to look for such teachings considering the importance of the prosperity of land and emphasis on protection and preservation of water, plants and animals in the Gathas of Zaratostra, new Avesta, and other important Zoroastrian texts such as DÊnkard, Minouye Kherad, and Shāyast nāshāyast. It also tries to analyse the relationship of man and nature through the laws and regulations in these texts which can affect the environment directly or indirectly, and to give a wholistic view of the attitude of the Mazdeans towards nature. Furthermore, this paper is going to consider the views of religious man, and general affects of the function of faithfuls on environment through a new look on these texts and Zororastrian cosmology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Optimization of vegetable ice cream formulation based on almond milk and hazelnut oil
Minoo Ramezani Sara Jafarian Mohammad Ahmadi Leila Roozbeh NasiraieIntroduction: The aim of this study is to optimize the formulation of beneficial ice cream based on almond milk, hazelnut oil and grape juice.Methods: For this purpose, treatment was performed based on the ice cream formulation and based on the highest level of response MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study is to optimize the formulation of beneficial ice cream based on almond milk, hazelnut oil and grape juice.Methods: For this purpose, treatment was performed based on the ice cream formulation and based on the highest level of response. Response variables include; The melting point overrun and overall acceptance. The functional relationship between the parameters affecting the ice cream formulation was determined using the Box Bancon experimental design.results: In this study, the aim of optimization is to achieve the highest percentage of overrun and the highest melting resistance, which is one of the important quality indicators of ice cream in consumer acceptance. Based on the selected models, the optimal formulation selected by the software included 10.57% hazelnut oil, 63.26% almond milk and 25.81% grape juice.Conclusion: The presence of almond milk, grape juice and hazelnut oil in the ice cream formula improved the effective properties such as firmness, increased overrun and melting resistance of ice cream in promoting marketability and product acceptance by consumers. Almond milk increased the volume and decreased the melting point by increasing its viscosity and high protein content. With the addition of grape juice and hazelnut oil, the overall acceptance rate was higher. As a result, these plant compounds with beneficial nutritional and health properties can be used in ice cream formulations and while maintaining the texture and melting properties of ice cream, lead to the production of useful products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - An Investigation on the Effects of Hydrolysis Conditions on the Extraction of Antioxidant Peptides from Peanuts
H. Hajikazemi M. Mirzaei S. MirdamadiIntroduction: The use of protein hydrolysate containing antioxidant peptides in the formulation of functional food has been increasing recently. The types and sequences of amino acids, the type of hydrolyzing enzymes and hydrolysis progress have some important impacts o MoreIntroduction: The use of protein hydrolysate containing antioxidant peptides in the formulation of functional food has been increasing recently. The types and sequences of amino acids, the type of hydrolyzing enzymes and hydrolysis progress have some important impacts on the properties of protein hydrolysate. Materials and Methods: In this research, the effects of pepsin and alcalase enzymes (E/S:1/10) under optimal conditions of each ones, were investigated on the extraction of antioxidant peptides from peanuts protein. Peanut’s oil was extracted using solvent extraction method and protein was precipitated at isoelectric point. The extracted protein was subjected to the pepsin and alcalase enzymes for maximum period of five hours. The progress of hydrolysis was considered every thirty-minutes using Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) method. Results: The results indicated that the most hydrolysis occurs after 250 and 90 min of hydrolysis for pepsin and alcalase, respectively and the values of free amino acid groups increased from 167.0 to 263.0 μM leucin/mg protein (for alcalase) and from 415.0 to 517.0 μM leucin/mg protein (for pepsin). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysate was investigated based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. By increasing the degree of hydrolysis, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity increased simultaneously. The maximum values of DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging activity were measured respectively, 5175.0 and 756.0 mMTE/mg proteins (for pepsin) and 3644.0 and 1087.0 mMTE/mg proteins (for alcalase). Conclusion: The results indicated that the progress of enzymatic hydrolysis of peanut protein by alcalase and pepsin enzymes leads to producing more antioxidant peptides and the final products obtained can be considered as a candidate for producing functional foods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - Effect of Zedo and Almond Gums as Fat Replacers on Flow Behavior and Organoleptic Characteristics of Vanilla Low-Fat Dairy Dessert
H. Jooyandeh H. Rostamabadi M. GoudarziIntroduction: Employing fat-replacers for development of low-fat food formulations is of growing interest because of consumers’ desire for healthy eating. The present study was aimed to investigate the possibility of using Zedo and almond gums as fat replacers for MoreIntroduction: Employing fat-replacers for development of low-fat food formulations is of growing interest because of consumers’ desire for healthy eating. The present study was aimed to investigate the possibility of using Zedo and almond gums as fat replacers for developing a vanilla low-fat dairy dessert. Materials and Methods: Effect of different levels of Zedo or almond gums (0.1, 0.2 & 0.3% w/w) on flow behavior and organoleptic characteristics of vanilla low-fat dairy dessert was studied in comparison to those of full-fat control sample. Results: The flow behavior of the dairy desserts fitted well to the Ostwald de Waele model (R2>0.99). All the samples exhibited shear-thinning flow behavior; however, fat reduction significantly resulted in decreased apparent viscosity and consistency index and increased flow index. Zedo and almond gums both caused an increase in the consistency index and favored the shear-thinning behavior of the low-fat dairy dessert as the flow index approached zero. The low-fat dairy desserts incorporated with 0.2% Zedo gum or 0.3% almond gum did not significantly differ from full-fat control in terms of flow behavior characteristics. The low-fat dairy dessert containing 0.3% Zedo gum, despite showing stronger shear-thinning behavior, was less appreciated than full-fat control. Conclusion: It was shown that by using 0.2% Zedo or 0.3% almond gum, it is possible to develop a low-fat dairy dessert with desired rheological and organoleptical properties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - Optimization of Hot Air Roasting of Peanut Kernels Using Response Surface Methodology
H. Bagheri M. Kashainejad M. Aalami A. M. ZiaiifarIntroduction: Roasting is a high temperature short time (HTST) heat treatment process and enhances the flavor of product and improves the textural and organoleptic properties of the nuts. Materials and Methods: In this study, a hot-air roasting process for the productio MoreIntroduction: Roasting is a high temperature short time (HTST) heat treatment process and enhances the flavor of product and improves the textural and organoleptic properties of the nuts. Materials and Methods: In this study, a hot-air roasting process for the production of peanut snack was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) over a range of air temperatures (140–180°C) for various times (10-30 min). The color parameters including lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and total color differences (ΔE), textural characteristics (hardness and compressive energy), sensory properties, moisture content of the peanuts and energy consumption were used as response parameters to develop predictive models and optimize the roasting process.Results: The results showed that by increasing the by temperature and time of roasting, the L*, b*, moisture content, hardness and compressive energy were decreased and ΔE* and energy consumption were increased. The result of RSM analysis showed that quality parameters could be used to control the roasting of peanut kernels in a hot-air roaster. In order to obtain the desired quality parameter, the optimum roasting for production of peanut snack was determined at 162°C for 29 min. Conclusion: This study revealed that RSM could be used to develop adequate prediction models for describing color and texture changes in peanut kernels during hot-air roasting. The changes in the quality parameters were adequately described by quadratic model. Successful optimization for the peanut kernels roasting process can also be made using desirability functions in RSM. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Food Spoilage Yeasts by Lemon Balm Essential Oil (Melissa officinalis) and Extract of Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium)
S. Esazadeh Razelighi M. Khamiri A. R. Sadeghi M. Kashaninejad H. Mirzaei Introduction: The essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and pennyroyal extract (Mentha pulegium) are widely used for food flavoring and beverages due to the pleasant spicy flavour. The antibacterial activities of these plants have been proven in severa More Introduction: The essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and pennyroyal extract (Mentha pulegium) are widely used for food flavoring and beverages due to the pleasant spicy flavour. The antibacterial activities of these plants have been proven in several studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth inhibition of food spoilage yeasts by lemon balm essential oil and extract of pennyroyal. Materials and Methods: The chemical compounds of the essential oils were analysed and identified by GC apparatus connected to the mass spectrometer detector. The total phenolic compounds of the extract of pennyroyal were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The anti yeast activities of (minimum inhibitory concentration and mortality) lemon balm essential oil and extract of pennyroyal against yeasts causing food spoilage were assessed by using microdilution. Results: The results showed that geranyl acetate (25.29%), sytral )12.38%(, z-sytral )14.3%(, e- sytral (9.45%) and geraniol (9.55%) were the main constituents of the essential oil of lemon balm. The total amount of phenolic compounds in pennyroyal extract based on gallic acid was 252.48±0.2 mg/gr. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of lemon balm essential oil against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis and Kluyveromyces marxianus were 1.562, 3.125 and 0.195 µL/mL, respectively and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of pennyroyal extract, for the above mentioned microorganisms were 17.500, 14.583 and 14.583 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The lemon balm essential oil and the extract of pennyroyal have shown antimicrobial activities and might be employed as natural products in food industry successfully. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Modeling of Roasting Process of Peanut Kernels using Combined Infrared-Hot Air Method
H. Bagheri M. Kashaninejad A.M. Ziaiifar M. AlamiIntroduction: Roasting is one of the common methods of nuts processing and its purpose is to increase the total acceptability of products. The conventional roasting using hot air oven has drawbacks of low production rate, poor product quality, and high energy cost. Ther MoreIntroduction: Roasting is one of the common methods of nuts processing and its purpose is to increase the total acceptability of products. The conventional roasting using hot air oven has drawbacks of low production rate, poor product quality, and high energy cost. Therefore, there is a need to develop new processing methods that can produce roasted products. The combined infrared-hot air system was explored as a new roasting method for peanut kernels. Materials and Methods: In this study the combination of infrared (IR) and hot-air was explored for roasting of peanut kernels and the effects of processing conditions including hot air temperature (100 and 120 °C) and infrared power (130 W, 165 W and 200 W) on different characteristics of kernels (moisture content and energy consumption) were investigated. Roasting kinetics of peanut kernels were explained and compared using five mathematical models. In order to determine the coefficients of these models, non-linear regression analysis was applied. Results: According to the statistical analysis, two-term and logarithmic models showed the best fitted results. These models have acceptable R2 and adj R2 and low RMSE under all roasting conditions. Effective diffusivity coefficient of peanut kernels varied between 1. 915× 10-7 - 6.054× 10-7 m2/s. The value of Deff increased by increasing temperature and IR power. The results also showed that by increasing temperature and IR power, the moisture content (%, db.) of samples decreased and energy consumption increased. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that combination of infrared and hot-air roasting can produce high-quality roasted peanuts with lower energy cost; therefore it could be considered as a new technology for the peanut roasting industry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - Determination and Investigation of Some Physical and Mechanical Properties of Almond (Rabi Variety)
M. Salimi M. Gholami Sh. Mohseni E. AbdolalizadeIntroduction: Optimum machinery and equipment designing for transportation, harvest andprocessing of agricultural products need the knowledge of physical and mechanical propertiesof the products.Materials and Methods: In this research, the physical properties consisting MoreIntroduction: Optimum machinery and equipment designing for transportation, harvest andprocessing of agricultural products need the knowledge of physical and mechanical propertiesof the products.Materials and Methods: In this research, the physical properties consisting of dimensions,mass, average geometrical diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume and the process ofmoisture attraction and the mechanical properties including force, deformation, ruptureenergy and power of almond the variety of Rabi were determined and evaluated.Results: The average of geometrical diameter for the whole almond was 22.37 mm and for itskernel was 13.42 mm. The sphericity for the almond and its kernel were 0.654% and 0.523%respectively. By placing some samples of almond kernel in the water, the process of moistureabsorption of almond kernel was studied and the mathematical models were presented. Themoisture absorption of the kernel when placed in the water for a period of 9-13 hours was 36-41% and this raised to 44% after 18 hours.Conclusion: Statistical coefficient of friction of almond and its kernel on glass andgalvanized iron was the minimum, respectively. Study of the effect of moisture on thestatistical coefficient of friction showed that by increasing the moisture, this coefficientincreased. Investigation concerned with mechanical properties showed that the effect ofloading speed and direction on rupture force, energy and power in probability level of 1%were significant. Power consumption to rupture almond was increased by increasing the speedfrom 50 to 200 mm/min. By increasing loading speed the rupture force was significantlydecreased and deformation in rupture point was increased. Rupture force of almond in loadingin the direction of axis was minimum. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - The Effect of Almond Gum on the Texture, Chemical and Sensory Properties of Low-Calorie Cake
A. Derakhshan M. EsmaeilpourIntroduction: Cake is a special soft tissue pastry with the main ingredients of flour, oil, sugarand eggs. Due to its high energy and high calories value, and high amount of sugar in itsformula, the continuous and prolonged consumption of this food causes obesity and,co MoreIntroduction: Cake is a special soft tissue pastry with the main ingredients of flour, oil, sugarand eggs. Due to its high energy and high calories value, and high amount of sugar in itsformula, the continuous and prolonged consumption of this food causes obesity and,consequently, health problems. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of almondgum (Amygdalus scoparia spach) on the texture, chemical and sensory properties of cake.Materials and Methods: In order to carry out this research work almond gum was added tothe samples at different concentrations (1, 2 and 4%) and a sample containinggum without oil reduction was produced. A sample without added almond gum was preparedas control. In this study, moisture content, volume, texture, color and sensory evaluation ofcake samples were performed.Results: The results of analysis showed that the addition of almond gum in cake samplesincreased the moisture content, specific volume, firmness and chewiness ability of cakesamples. On the other hand, decreased the cohesiveness and springiness. In colorimetric tests,cake samples, dimming brightness index, and a tendency to redness and tendency to jaundicein samples were increased.Conclusion: Sensory evaluation results showed that almond gum substitution increased thequality scores of the produced cakes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Application of HPTLC in the Assessment of the Extraction Process of Stevia Rebaudiana Using Ultrasound Waves
M. Rouhani Z. Mirjafari H. Rezapour J. MokhtariIntroduction: In the recent decades, the increase in population, decrease in physical activities and consumption of improper food to fulfill the nutritional need have caused various diseases namely diabetes. The extract from the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana plant might b MoreIntroduction: In the recent decades, the increase in population, decrease in physical activities and consumption of improper food to fulfill the nutritional need have caused various diseases namely diabetes. The extract from the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana plant might be employed as a natural sugar substitute. The aim of the present study is to employ ultrasound waves to optimize the extraction process from the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana and use High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) to analyze the extract. Materials and Methods: Water, water-methanol mixture, methanol, water-ethanol mixture and ethanol was applied for extraction as solvent. The extraction was carried out by soxhlet and ultrasound waves at various times and power condition according to the official procedures. Results: The results indicated that water was the most suitable solvent among the solvents employed. The results also showed that the application of ultrasound with power of 90 W for 2 minutes resulted better extraction (811.61 g/mlμ) as compared to the soxhlet method (795.70 g/mlμ). Conclusion: The present study indicated that ultrasound application might be a suitable, fast and safe method for extraction of Stevioside sweetener from Stevia Rebaudiana. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Influence of Temperature and Air Velocity Changes on Drying Process of Peanut in Hot Air Dryer
M. Gholami Parshokohi E. Merzanezhad A. H. Ahmad Beigi M. Salimi BaniIntroduction: Decrease of moisture content to safe level in order to reach maximum maintenance is the principle goal of drying agricultural products. Parameters of temperature and air velocity are considered the main important factors in drying process. Mathematical mod MoreIntroduction: Decrease of moisture content to safe level in order to reach maximum maintenance is the principle goal of drying agricultural products. Parameters of temperature and air velocity are considered the main important factors in drying process. Mathematical modeling of drying process is used to design and improve available drying system and also to control the process. Materials and Methods: In this research, the effect of temperature (40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC) and air velocity (2 and 3 m.s-1) changes on drying time and rate of drying peanut using hot air dryer has been studied. Moisture variations during drying process under different conditions were fitted using various mathematical models including Newton, Two-term, Midili, Page, Modified Page and Logarithmic. Results: Factors of temperature and air velocity had significant effects on the drying time and the rate of drying (P<0.01). Conclusion: Effect of temperature on the drying process was considerable, therefore an increase in this parameter led to a 67.8% decrease in time and a 109% increase in drying rate. The maximum influence of air velocity on drying time and rate was 37.3 and 20.9%, respectively. Moisture variations during the drying process were well fitted to a two-term model(R=0.999). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - Modeling the Effects of Land Use Change on Surface Runoff in the Watershed of Khorramabad Using RS and GIS Integration Model and L- THIA
hadis rashidi Ali Haghizadeh Hossein zeinivand Naser TahmasebipourBackground and Objective: land use change, mainly socio-economic benefits to follow. However, these changes have negative effects on the natural environment. Due to the high volume of runoff from a lack of permeability in the city and Non-use of certain areas or any str MoreBackground and Objective: land use change, mainly socio-economic benefits to follow. However, these changes have negative effects on the natural environment. Due to the high volume of runoff from a lack of permeability in the city and Non-use of certain areas or any structure in addition to the problem of flooding in low-lying areas for water infiltration in several studies to develop models with simulation approach to land use changes have taken place. In this study, L-THIA model for estimating runoff from land use changes in the area of Khorramabad is used. The Model of L-THIA, a model to assess long-term effects land use change on water resources using simple and availability data Such as long-term climate data, land use map and soil map applicable. Methods: This study was conducted in a period of 10 years and in the period of 2004-2014. Landsat images from the site the US Geological Survey has been downloaded and various corrections have been made. Land use maps were prepared and used using Landsat 7 satellite images of ETM sensors and Landsat 8 images of OLI sensors related to 2004 and 2014, respectively. Precipitation data are provided by the Regional Water Authority. After sorting, they are prepared for future analysis. By combining land use map and soil texture map in GIS software, the soil hydrological group is produced. Finally, the prepared maps are given to the L-THIA model and the effect of land use change on surface runoff is investigated.Findings: The results of modeling using L-THIA, increased annual runoff in ten years shows that this increased volume of runoff and the need for control over land use change in the region. User modifications to increase mainly in residential areas and loss of woodland and grassland.Discussion and Conclusion: As the results of this study show, the L-THIA model has a good ability to express the effect of land use change on the volume and depth of runoff. Also, using the results of the study, it is possible to prepare control programs for land use changes to prevent runoff in the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The Effect Study of Distance and Planting Width of Tree Species of Abadeh City Green Space in Sound Pollution Control
mohammad barzegar haniyeh nowzariBackground and Objective: Green space is effective in reducing noise pollution. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of tree species in the green space of Abadeh, as well as the number of tree plantation rows and planting width on decreasing the intensit MoreBackground and Objective: Green space is effective in reducing noise pollution. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of tree species in the green space of Abadeh, as well as the number of tree plantation rows and planting width on decreasing the intensity of sound. Method: In this study, four stations in two areas was selected in Abadeh city including Shahid Chamran Blvd. and Northern Passageway and sampling was carried out in two turns in the morning and evening using the Cirrus sound level meter CR: 303 in March, 2018 and 25 data in each station and 400 data in total was recorded. Findings: The results of comparing the average sound intensity level measured in the two studied areas in the morning and evening with the Iranian national standard show that the average sound intensity level in both regions is higher than the standard; So despite the green space, there is noise pollution in both areas. The results of the study of sound intensity levels in Shahid Chamran Boulevard and along the northern passage in the morning and evening show that there is a negative correlation between the distance from the sound source (distance from the street) and the number of rows of trees planted and the average sound intensity level. This means that the greater the distance from the street and the number of rows of trees planted, the greater the amount of noise reduction. Discussion and Conclusion: The highest noise reduction in Shahid Chamran Boulevard is related to the distance of 54 meters from the edge of the street with 14 rows of planting with average sound intensity level for morning and evening of 65.04 and 60.96 dB, respectively, and next to the northern passage is related to the distance of 85 meters from the edge. The street was planted with 10 rows and there was a hill with an average level of sound intensity for the morning and evening of 65.04 and 64.08 dB, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - Analysis of Organophosphorus Pesticide Diazinon Residue in Water Samples of Abbas Abad River, Hamedan, Iran
Sahar Orfi Yeganeh Soheil Sobhanardakani Saeed JamehbozorgiBackground and Objective: Increasing population growth and the need to develop agricultural products have increased the use of pesticides and thus the pollution of water resources as one of the environmental problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the MoreBackground and Objective: Increasing population growth and the need to develop agricultural products have increased the use of pesticides and thus the pollution of water resources as one of the environmental problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the residual concentration of diazinon pesticide in the water of Abbasabad River in Hamedan in 2014.Method: Water samples were collected from four stations along the Abbas Abad River. In the laboratory, after sample preparation, diazinon residues were determined using a spectrophotometric method. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software.Findings: The maximum mean concentration of diazinon residues (µg/L) in samples of spring and summer seasons were 97.0 ± 10.2 and 202 ± 13.7, respectively. Also, the mean contents of pesticide residues in the water samples in both seasons were higher than the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) established by WHO and EPA.Discussion and Conclusion: Due to exceeding the average residual concentration of pesticides in the evaluated water samples, it is necessary to pay attention to issues such as training gardeners in order to use pesticides correctly and in principle. Also, measures should be considered in order to use the water of this river for drinking or farming cold-water fish. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - Use of Fuzzy Logic to Determine the Evapotranspiration in Gonabad City
Hasan Rezaei Gholamabbas Fallah-GhalhariBackground and Objectives: Evapotranspiration are the main component of hydrologic cycle and estimation of the amount of evapotranspiration is important to study the water balance, design the irrigation systems and ultimately plan and manage the water resources to achie MoreBackground and Objectives: Evapotranspiration are the main component of hydrologic cycle and estimation of the amount of evapotranspiration is important to study the water balance, design the irrigation systems and ultimately plan and manage the water resources to achieve the stable development. Evapotranspiration are nonlinear and complicated phenomenon due to requirement for different factors and their interactions. One important step in non-linear system modeling is pre- investigation of inputs to achieve suitable combination of them. Pre-investigation of input data prevents several trial and error steps and helps to understand the most important parameters which affect the phenomenon to be able to modeling the system in an intelligent way. Thereby, this study, has aimed to implement the ability of Fuzzy logic system to estimate Evapotranspiration by using the data from Gonabad weather station in a 21-year period (1993-2014). Material and Methods: To reach this aim, after investigation of available models and different combination of weather information, the final model to estimate Evapotranspiration has been designed. In this model with 20 surface as input and one surface as output or evaporation and transpiration, 50 rules were determined in Mamdani Inference System and the estimated value of Evapotranspiration from the Fuzzy Inference were compared with the results from Fao Penman Monteith (F-P-M). Results and Discussion: Statistical parameters including Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Main Bias Error (MBE) Coefficient of Determination, Jacovides factor (t) and Sabbagh et al. factor (R2/t) have been used to investigate the efficiency of this model. Comparison of the results from the Fuzzy Model and the results from F-P-M shows a high level of correlation between these two methods indicating the highest level of Evapotranspiration in July (RMSE: 0.08, R2: 0.98, MBE: 0.05, t:0.25 and R2/t: 3.92). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Air Quality Assessment around Mehrabad Airport
Farzaneh Maleki zad Alireza Mirzahosseini Faramarz MoattarBackground and Objective: Air pollution is a great concern in developed and developing countries and its economic costs accounts for a large share of gross national product of countries. This study aimed to investigate and assess the air quality around Mehrabad airport. MoreBackground and Objective: Air pollution is a great concern in developed and developing countries and its economic costs accounts for a large share of gross national product of countries. This study aimed to investigate and assess the air quality around Mehrabad airport. Method: In this cross-sectional study, important pollutants including CO, TSP, TVOC and NOX were measured. Considering the privaling wind direction in Tehran, one station in residential area, one station representative of the airport, two stations around the airport and one station in high traffic area were selected. LSI-Babuc/A، Dust Trak TSI and Phocheck + 500 were employed to measure the pollutants. Measurement was done in each month and the statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21. Findings: The mean concentration of all pollutants (except for nitrogen dioxide) was higher at the vicinity of the airport stations than in other stattions. Results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there are significance differences between pollutants concentration around the airport and in other stations. No significant difference was found for NO2 among the stations. The mean concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, Co and TVOCs at the north of the airport were significantly different from those of other stations (p<0.001). Discussion and Conclusion: Most of the pollutants around the airport had higher concentration compared to residential and high traffic stations, and thereby, the airport could be regarded as a pollutant source. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - Comparison of Absorption Efficiency and Release of Nitrate by Iranian and Foreign Micro-Zeolite (Clinoptilolite), Modified by Hexa-Decyltrimethy- Ammonium
Fariba Nemati Hossein Torabi Golsefidi Amir Mohammad NajiBackground and objective: Organocalys are modified by cationic surfactant on surface and between layers of natural or synthesis clays and widely are used. The objective of this study were comparison of absorption efficiency and release of nitrate in aqueous solutions by MoreBackground and objective: Organocalys are modified by cationic surfactant on surface and between layers of natural or synthesis clays and widely are used. The objective of this study were comparison of absorption efficiency and release of nitrate in aqueous solutions by modified Iranian natural zeolite-clinoptilolite (Semnan) and synthesis zeolite of Fluka-96096.Material and Methods: The Iranian and Fluka-96096 micro-zeolite (clinoptilolite) was separated by centrifuge method. The micro-zeolites were first modified by hexa-decyltrimethyl-ammonium (HDTMA), a cationic surfactant. Structure and morphology of zeolites were determined XRD, SEM, EDX and AFM. In this study, adsorption efficiency in initial concentrations of nitrate by modified zeolite with surfactant loading of 100 and 200% external cation exchange capacity (ECEC) was investigated in a completely randomized factorial design. The nitrate release as affected by time at 4 and 14 mM of nitrate in surfactant loading 200% ECEC were also evaluated.Results: The results showed that absorption efficiency of nitrate by Fluka micro-organozeolite with surfactant loading of 200% ECEC in 3, 6, 20 and 30 mM nitrate were 77, 63, 48, 37 and 30% respectively, whereas, by Iranian micro-organ zeolite were 75, 67, 54, 50 and 33% respectively and no significant together (p≤0.01). The mean of nitrate release were 31 to 21%, in Iranian micro-organ zeolite, whereas for Fluka micro-organ zeolite were 17 to 34%.Discussion and Conclusion: The adsorption efficiency of nitrate was significant by initial nitrate concentration and surfactant’s level. The best adsorption efficiency of nitrate occurred at 200% of ECEC. The results of this research showed that the micro-organ zeolite of Fluka-96096 not only is not better than Iranian micro-zeolite, but also, Iranian micro-organ zeolite have been better for nitrate absorption and release in some cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
120 - Determination of the Most Appropriate Recommended Route Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) of Forest Road Network Evaluation Criteria in Geographical Information System (GIS)
Aidin Parsakhoo Mehrsa YazdaniBackground and Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare the map of land suitability for passage in SaadAbad–Naharkhoran forestry plan, Golestan province and design the different variants of forest roads and choose the best one according to the amount MoreBackground and Objectives: The aim of this study was to prepare the map of land suitability for passage in SaadAbad–Naharkhoran forestry plan, Golestan province and design the different variants of forest roads and choose the best one according to the amount of passage from land classes, openness percentage and surface distribution and modified tone-kilometer.Method: The map of land suitability for passage was produced. Then, two variants were designed on this map using PEGGER and the amount of passage from land classes was estimated. Openness percentage and dead zones was determined by the calculating road density and skidding line and creating buffer. In Surface distribution algorithm, the distance from geometrical center of compartments to roads was measured. Tone-kilometer of variants was calculated according to skidding correction factor and conversion coefficient of volume to weight. The best variant was chosen based on AHP. Findings: Results showed that existing road has passed from more suitability land as compared to other variants. Mean distance from geometric centers of compartment to first, second and existing variants were respectively 476.9, 480.3 and 428.8 m which indicates that existing road has better distribution. Maximum was recorded for first variant with amount of 82.3%. In tone-kilometer algorithm, each kilometer of existing road should bear 149.96 tones for extraction of woods from compartment. Existing road was better than two variants in terms of passage from suitability land, dead zone, surface distribution and ton-kilometer; so that after calculating the final weight it was determined that existing road is the best.Discussion and Conclusion: Besides considering all the criteria in evaluation of forest road network leads to more accurate understanding of the performance of each variant and choice the best one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Role of Wind Flow on Sources of Carbon Dioxide Concentration in the Provincial Scale
Seyed Mohsen Mousavi Samereh Falahatkar Manochehr FarajzadehBackground and Purpose: One of the most important problems in the world is the increase of global climate change due to excessive greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon dioxide gas is known as the most important greenhouse gas and the first factor in climate change. Various f MoreBackground and Purpose: One of the most important problems in the world is the increase of global climate change due to excessive greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon dioxide gas is known as the most important greenhouse gas and the first factor in climate change. Various factors such as topography, rainfall, air currents and the presence of wind are important factors in the diffusion, dilution and displacement of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Method: In the present study, using ECMWF wind speed data and GOSAT satellite carbon dioxide data, the role of wind in detecting local sources or areas of carbon dioxide emissions and such an investigation was made into the possible sources of emissions of this gas on a provincial scale. Findings: The largest aggregate of carbon dioxide gas in both southern and southeastern Iran is located in both cold and hot seasons. However, the dispersion and concentration of this gas in winter is higher than in the summer. The results showed that in most of Iran's provinces, local resources are responsible for increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere in winter. Discussion and Conclusion: High concentration of carbon dioxide gas in winter is due to the more consumption of fossil fuels for heating and lack of photosynthesis process in cold season. While in summer, according to the geographical location of the studied provinces, the role of regional sources of carbon dioxide emissions is more than local sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - Comparison of Hydrology and Eco Hydrology Methods in Environmental Flow Estimation of Mahabad River
nazak rouzegari mohammad taghi sattari hajar feyziBackground and Objective: In water resources management and operation, especially for dam reservoirs, supplying the minimum water demand for protecting the life of the different plant and aquatic species is essential. Allocating the environmental flow for Mahabad River, MoreBackground and Objective: In water resources management and operation, especially for dam reservoirs, supplying the minimum water demand for protecting the life of the different plant and aquatic species is essential. Allocating the environmental flow for Mahabad River, as one of the most important rivers in the Urmia Lake basin, is very crucial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the minimum environmental flow for Mahabad River using Eco-Hydrology methods. Method: In this study, the environmental flow for Mahabad River was estimated by five methods, namely Tenant, Tessman, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) Shifting, Desktop Reserve Model (DRM), and Flow Duration Curve Analysis (FDCA). Findings: According to the results obtained in this study, to protect Mahabad River in the acceptable minimum environmental condition, the FDC shifting model considering class B (35.1% MAR (mean annual runoff), equivalent to 2.75 m³/s) and DRM considering class B/C (27.24% MAR, equal to 2.13 m³/s) led to approximately similar and acceptable results. Discussion and Conclusion: Generally, the FDC shifting model and DRM that consider different hydrological classes are preferable to other methods, and these methods can be used to determine the environmental flow for Mahabad River. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - Site selection of wind farms in Semnan province by using AHP method
Hasan Rezaei mokhtar karami Fahimeh ShakeriBackground and Objective: Limited fossil energy source and increase of energy demand is always pushed man to search for new energy sources as replacement. In this case the winds always have a special place in the new generation of energy sources. Semnan province with fa MoreBackground and Objective: Limited fossil energy source and increase of energy demand is always pushed man to search for new energy sources as replacement. In this case the winds always have a special place in the new generation of energy sources. Semnan province with favourable topographical and relativity suitable situation is one of the best places for building a wind farm. Method: Therefore, in this research different criteria and sub criteria have been used to identify the suitable location for building wind farms in Semnan province, As the importance of information fusion, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method were employed for weighting the layers and the Expert Choice software implemented for this purpose. The Arc GIS program has been used for special analyses and overlapping of layers. After the analysis of information, according to the capacity of building wind farms, province of Semnan has been divided to four parts of great, good, normal and weak. Findings: At last, it is indicated that Geographic Information System as a Supportive Decision making system can be practical both in preparing of data and designing the priorities and giving expert's ideas dealing with different factors and also help the designers to select the proper location for the wind farms. Discussion and Conclusion: In this research, three regions have been determined, considering priority of overlaying and limitation of land and places, survey of priority area also considering the climate condition and personal observation have been determined that this places are Damghan, Nothwestern of Garmsar and and some part of eastern Shahroud. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - Investigating the Role of Global Warming on Wind Speed and Sea Level Pressure Fluctuations in Sistan Region
Esmaeil Poudineh Broumand Salahi Mahmoud Khosravi Mohsen HamidianpourBackground and Objective: The temporal variability of local winds of Sistan during the period of global warming is the subject of this research. In recent decades, global warming has brought about tangible changes in the temperature of the planet and has influenced othe MoreBackground and Objective: The temporal variability of local winds of Sistan during the period of global warming is the subject of this research. In recent decades, global warming has brought about tangible changes in the temperature of the planet and has influenced other atmospheric parameters such as wind speed. Method: In the study of atmospheric parameters, estimating the effect of global warming on these parameters is important. For this purpose, variations in the Sistan wind speeds and sea level pressure in the study area under the conditions of the two scenarios A2 and B2 from the output of the global Hadcm3 model were downscaled and for three periods of 30 years up to 2099, the changes in these two parameters were generated and examined. Findings: The results showed that the average wind speed calculated by scenario B2 for the period 2010-2039, 2040-2069 and 2070-2070 respectively 0.67, 0.88 and 1.15 m / s Relative to the Basic course will increase. Also, the average wind speed variation under A2 scenario Conditions, which is a pessimistic scenario, is 1.36 and 1. 57 and 1.79 m / s for the periods 2039-2039 and 2069-2070 and 2070-2070 Also, the pressure calculated by scenario B2 for the period 2010-2039, 2040-2069, and 2070-2070 will be reduced to 0.04, 0.10, and 0.16, respectively, compared to the base period. Discussion and Conclusions: The results showed that the decline in pressure and increase in wind speed has not been uniformly distributed throughout the year. However, during the winter and spring and summer, pressure drop is more regular than the autumn season. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - Comparison of Impact of Carbonate Content, Cation Exchange Capacity and Specific Surface Area in the Retention of Heavy Metal Contaminant by Bentonite, Kaolinite, and Nano-Clay
Mohammad Amiri Vahid Reza OuhadiBackground and Objective: Carbonate, Cation exchange capacity and Specific surface area are the three factors which play a significant role in the retention of heavy metal contaminants by the soil. However, the amount and role of each of these three factors in hea MoreBackground and Objective: Carbonate, Cation exchange capacity and Specific surface area are the three factors which play a significant role in the retention of heavy metal contaminants by the soil. However, the amount and role of each of these three factors in heavy metal retention process is not clearly known. Accordingly, this experimental study attempts to examine the role of each of these factors on the heavy metal retention process. This study has been performed by the use of bentonite clay sample (which has 8% natural carbonate, significantly large specific surface area and cation exchange capacity), kaolinite (which has 4% natural carbonate, small specific surface area and cation exchange capacity), industrial nano-clay called Cloisite®Na+ (free of carbonate, large specific surface area and considerable cation exchange capacity), industrial nano-clay called Cloisite®30B (free of carbonate, large specific surface area and small cation exchange capacity), and laboratory sample of nano-clay called SLB (Surface Layer Bentonite) (free of carbonate, large specific surface area and considerable cation exchange capacity). Materials and methods: In this regard, by conducting a series of geotechnical and geo-environmental experiments, the interaction process of kaolinite clay samples, bentonite, industrial Cloisite®Na+, industrial Cloisite®30B, and laboratory nano-clay SLB with heavy metal contaminants of lead and copper were experimentally explored and studied. Results and discussions: The analysis of experimental studies including soil buffering capacity, X-ray diffraction test and the measurement of heavy metal retention by soil samples indicate that in comparing of carbonate content, cation exchange capacity, and specific surface area of soil samples the significant role of each parameter in heavy metal retention is as follows, respectively: Carbonate > Cation exchange capacity (CEC) > Specific surface area (SSA). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - Attitude of High School Students to the Importance and Preservation of Natural Resources (Case Study: Khorramabad City, Iran)
Shahram Mehdi Karami Mohean Rajabi Akram Azadi Rimeleh Akram AhmadiBackground and Objective: in the recent years, natural resource's degradation in the Lorestan province has been alarming. Therefore, assessment of students' knowledge to natural resources is essential as future users of natural resources. Methods: To conduct the study a MoreBackground and Objective: in the recent years, natural resource's degradation in the Lorestan province has been alarming. Therefore, assessment of students' knowledge to natural resources is essential as future users of natural resources. Methods: To conduct the study a questionnaire was designed regarding to the professors and experts comments. Validity and reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient that the 0.75 represents acceptable reliability. Then, among 800 individuals of students, from 10 schools of Khorramabad city who were trained as oral, poster installation and educational films, 250 individuals were selected to fulfill questionnaire and to investigate their view before and after education. Findings: The descriptive results of educational level, father's job, mothers and father's education, household income and the time of television watching on the attitudes of students towards natural resources were presented. Inferential results also showed the following results: i) significant and positive correlation between the variables of knowledge, recognition, attitudes and environmental behavior with education, ii) significant and positive correlation between environmental behavior and environmental knowledge, iii) significant and positive linear relationship between environmental knowledge and environmental behavior of students. Moreover data analysis demonstrated that chi-squared and binomial test confirmed the positive effect of training on increasing recognition and promotion of Natural Resources. Discussion and Conclusion: Education as the most available and efficient tool can have an important and critical role in promoting attitude and recognition of students toward natural resources and preserving national capital. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - Recreational Zone Classification of Hassan Abad Forest Park Using Multi-Criteria Analysis and Model Makhdoom
Parvin Dashti Iraj Hassanzad Navroodi مهرداد خان محمدی Jahedeh TekiekhahBackground and Objective: Recreation use assessment is considered as an important tool for sustainable tourism development and also ecotourism management development causes local economic growth and biodiversity conservation‎.The main objective of this study is to i MoreBackground and Objective: Recreation use assessment is considered as an important tool for sustainable tourism development and also ecotourism management development causes local economic growth and biodiversity conservation‎.The main objective of this study is to identify and prioritize the potential ecotourism site in Hassanabad forest park. Method: Analysis system Makhdoom and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with Geographic Information System (GIS) was used. In AHP method after identification effective factors on recreational potential, a matrix is formed and factors were compared by the experts in the form of questionnaire. Next factors were weighed and ranked the regions for recreational potential. In Makhdoom method after identifying ecological sources, the data were collected and analyzed to ecological homogenous units. Finally the map of final resorting capacity was provided by comparing ecological traits of each unit with Makhdoom tourism ecological model. Eventually maps obtained by the two methods in GIS were overlapped. Findings: Results of AHP model showed that the total area of the park (434/6 ha) has recreational potential of medium to high class. This area has no zone with very low recreational potential. In makhdoom method, this area includes all of recreational classes except concentrated recreational potential zone of first class. Discussion and Conclusion: In both methods, the recreational potential classes have 50% overlapping. Since after applying two methods, the park has no inappropriate zones for tourism, this area is suitable for the development of ecotourism plans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Assessment of Microbial Quality and Chlorimetry of Drinking Water of the Abadeh City During 2015-2016 and Comparison with the National and WHO Standards
Leila Nematollahi haniyeh nowzariBackground and Objective: Water quality is one of the issues that are directly related to the health and personal and public health of the society, and monitoring the water and providing its health conditions is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was MoreBackground and Objective: Water quality is one of the issues that are directly related to the health and personal and public health of the society, and monitoring the water and providing its health conditions is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the microbial quality of drinking water in Abadeh in 2015 and to compare its quality with national standards and the World Health Organization (WHO). Method: In this study, 122 water samples for microbial measurement and 3864 water samples for chlorimetry were analyzed from water network of Abadeh city during 2015-2016. Multiple tube fermentation method and colorimetric method were used to determine fecal and total coliform bacteria and residual chlorine, respectively. Finally, all data were analysed by one sample T-test, Chi-Square, Mann-Withney, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson Correlation Matrix. Findings: The results showed that the total coliform was 0 MPN/100ml in 98.36% of all samples and the fecal coliform was 0 MPN/100ml in 100% of all samples by microbial analysis and the residual chlorine were desirable in 78.0% of the samples and meet the expectations of national and international standards. Winter and summer showed the lowest and greatest amount of residual chlorine, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed significant negative associations between the amounts of the residual chlorine of the water with the presence of coliform bacteria in the water. Discussion and Conclusion: The microbial index of drinking water of the Abadeh city is lower than the standard limit of the WHO microbial Index and the national standard. As a result, the quality of drinking water of the city is desirable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - Statistical and Climate Analysis of Dust Storms in Iran
Parisa Fatahi Masrour Maryam RezazadehBackground and Objective: Due to the increase of this phenomenon, current study focuses on the climate and statistical analysis of dust storms in Iran during 2015. Method: Hourly data of meteorological code are used in this study. The software WRPLOT VIEW was utilized t MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the increase of this phenomenon, current study focuses on the climate and statistical analysis of dust storms in Iran during 2015. Method: Hourly data of meteorological code are used in this study. The software WRPLOT VIEW was utilized to plot wind rose. For Synoptic analysis of the storm, data information of middle and upper atmospheres including sea-level pressure data and geopotential height of 500hP surface was received from NCEP/NCAR database, and their circulation patterns were obtained. In order to determine the trajectories of dust storms, the air parcel tracking model HYSPLIT was applied. Findings: The maximum dust events were occurred in Zabol during 2015. Highest wind speed and severest loss of vision were observed at Zabol station on 6 July. The masses of dust were entered to Arak and Fasa from the west and northwest of Iraq and to Zabol from Afghanistan. Records of sea-level and middle-atmosphere circulation database on 21 July 2015, that showed the severest loss of vision in Fasa, revealed the presence of a low-height system over Russia and a high pressure system over the north black sea. A low pressure system was observed over Pakistan which its tabs were extended to the east and south regions of Iran. Discussion and Conclusion: Blowing dust in Zabol can have a local dust source. The greatest dust in suspension events in Arak & Fasa with lower wind speed along. Northeasterly winds can cause of Sistan 120-day wind during the cold time of year that its impact will be greater in Zabol. On the day that severest loss of vision observed, most part of the country affected by tabs of high pressure located on the west in Iraq, that have been reached to the center of Iran with its easterly side. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - Create comfort conditions in building by using a hybrid passive cooling system
Mahnoosh Eghtedari Abbas Mahravan Maryam Ansarimanesh ali nouriBackground and Objectives: Increasing fossil fuel consumption in the building, especially in the air conditioning sector, has increased environmental pollution and global warming.In this research, a zero-energy passive system was designed in a warm and dry climate to ve MoreBackground and Objectives: Increasing fossil fuel consumption in the building, especially in the air conditioning sector, has increased environmental pollution and global warming.In this research, a zero-energy passive system was designed in a warm and dry climate to ventilate the building and provide comfortable conditions for people in the summer. This Hybrid Passive Cooling System (HPCS) includes two distinctive systems: the Solar Chimney (SC) and Evaporative Cooling Cavity (ECC).Method: This research experimental-analytical and simulation studied and tested the ability of the system in cooling the building in the warmest month of the year from 9: 00 am to 3:00 pm for ten consecutive days. The air temperature, humidity, and ambient air velocity were measured at the outlet of the evaporative cooling channel and the inlet of the solar chimney.Findings: The findings showed this system could reduce the air temperature by an average of 10 and could increase the air humidity by 34%. Moreover, the air velocity of the SC increased as the air got warm so that the maximum inlet air velocity in the solar chimney reached the highest level (2.8) at 3 pm. In addition. Since the outlet air velocity of the windcatcher rose to 0.41 at 3:00 pm compared to 9:00 am, which is equivalent to an air temperature drop of 3.6, the chamber was in comfort condition by using the hybrid system at 3:00 pm.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that using a passive hybrid system, the chamber is in comfortable condition from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm. Calculating the cost of constructing and installing a hybrid passive system and comparing it with a water cooler indicates that the proposed is profitable since used, and the return time of the system after running and launching the system.With an increase in the number of people from 1 to 4 people, the room is in comfortable conditions at 9 am and noon, but at 3 pm the room is placed with 4 people out of the comfort zone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - The Investigation of the relationship between groundwater level variation and drought index (Case study: Sharifabad Watershed in Qom Province)
Elham Forootan Fatemeh GolpayeganiBackground and objective: The climate change phenomenon affects water storage in aquifers through changes in rainfall volume. In this study, the aim is to estimate the average groundwater level using the most appropriate geostatistical method and then investigate the re MoreBackground and objective: The climate change phenomenon affects water storage in aquifers through changes in rainfall volume. In this study, the aim is to estimate the average groundwater level using the most appropriate geostatistical method and then investigate the relationship between groundwater index and one of the drought indices on monthly and annual scale in order to specify the importance of rainfall in groundwater recharge. Method: The watershed of this study was Sharifabad watershed located in Qom province with an aquifer area of 27035/2 hectares. There are 16 observation wells in this area. In this study, during the period of 1384-1384, the water level of observation wells in the area was investigated using variogram models. The average water level was determined using the best model per year, then the SWI index at the watershed was calculated. The SPI index, one of the drought indicators, was also used to investigate precipitation variation and then, using Pearson coefficient, the correlation of these indices was investigated on monthly and annual scale. Findings: The results showed that among the variogram models that were used to interpolate the monthly water level data, Kriging model is the most appropriate. Also, Pearson correlation coefficient between SWI and SPI indicators is not significant on monthly basis at confidence level of 99% in both observations of Mozafarabad and Alborz. Moreover; this correlation coefficient on the annual scale is not meaningful either. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, the insignificance relationship between SPI and groundwater index in the study area indicates that precipitation has a small proportion in groundwater recharge in the water balance of these areas on monthly and annual scale. Therefore, it can be concluded that the most part of rainfall is out of reach due to excessive evapotranspiration and is not able to recharge the aquifer in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - Assessment of land sensitivity to determine areas dust sources (Case study: Alborz province)
katayoon hojati Zahra Abedi behzad raigani mustafa panahiBackground and Objective: The vastness of arid areas and the abundance of dust storms in the country have made the accurate identification of dust production centers always one of the main goals of research in the field of dust. The primary objective of this study is du MoreBackground and Objective: The vastness of arid areas and the abundance of dust storms in the country have made the accurate identification of dust production centers always one of the main goals of research in the field of dust. The primary objective of this study is dust storm source identification in Alborz ProvinceMaterial and Methodology: In this study, the Index of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion (ILSWE) was used to locate dust sources. The ILSWE was created by combining five influential wind erosion factors including climatic erosivity, soil erodibility, soil crust, vegetation cover & surface roughness. Temperature, precipitation, wind speed, sand percentage, silt, clay, calcium carbonate, EVI and land use maps were used to calculate these factors. After calculating each of the factors, by multiplying them together, the ILSWE index was calculated. Finally, by classifying this index in Arc GIS software, sensitive areas were identified.Findings: The final map of ILSWE index showed that in general, the southern regions of Alborz province are more sensitive to wind erosion than other regions. The ILSWE classification map showed that 34.5% of the studied area falls within the very low class, 26.8% in the low class, 18.3% in the medium class, 12.6% in the high class and 7.8% in very high sensitivity to wind erosion class. Very high sensitivity class was considered as dust sources, which is mainly located in the southern parts of Alborz province. Most sources of dust are barren lands.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of this study, barren lands have an important role in dust production in Alborz province; therefore soil stabilization operations in these areas are necessary to reduce dust. In general, the results of this study showed that the ILSWE index is a suitable regional model for determining susceptible areas and centers of dust production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - Investigating the factors affecting the consumption of green products among the citizens of Khorramabad with the technique (SEM (
Hadith Pourjamshidi Hossein Mehdizadeh Zohreh MotamediniaThe current study was carried out in the form of a survey aimed at identifying factors affecting the consumption of green products among Khoramabad citizens. The statistical population was the people of Khoramabad, out of which a sample of 386 individuals were randomly MoreThe current study was carried out in the form of a survey aimed at identifying factors affecting the consumption of green products among Khoramabad citizens. The statistical population was the people of Khoramabad, out of which a sample of 386 individuals were randomly selected using multistage random cluster sampling. First, the city was divided into 8 blocks with respect to economics and culture, then a street was selected from each block, and finally all the street residents were studied. The data collection tool used in the study was a questionnaire designed by the researcher. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaire’s variables. We attempted to develop a reliable model using structural equation modeling to explore factors affecting the consumption of green products in Khoramabad city. The results of this survey indicated that “price fitness” and “product quality” directly (r =0.35), consumers social responsibility directly (r = 0.23) and indirectly (r = 0.06), consumers “health orientation” directly (r = 0.23), “consumers’ environmental knowledge” indirectly (r = 0.08), and “product image” indirectly (r = 0.05) are associated with the consumption of green products. The final model explains 37% of the variance of green consumption. It also became clear that the coefficient of “health orientation” and “consumption of green products” among individuals with a history of foreign traveling and use of the Internet was higher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - Evaluation and Analysis of the Social Exchange Model of Creativity in the Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture
Ebrahim Mardani Boldaji Hassan Sadighi homayoun farhadianBackground and Objective: Today, organizations with a rich working environment, relationships and social environment have become one of the important features of organizational life. In this research, the effect of employee’s perception of the organization and its MoreBackground and Objective: Today, organizations with a rich working environment, relationships and social environment have become one of the important features of organizational life. In this research, the effect of employee’s perception of the organization and its managers (organizational trust and trust in supervisors), the quality of perceived communication (organizational support and the exchange of managers and employees) and the formation of creativity-related behaviors (information sharing, risk taking, evading social and political behaviors) on creativity were studied. The purpose of this research was to evaluate and analyze the social exchange model of organizational creativity in the Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture.Method: The statistical population (N=36285) of this research is composed of the experts of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, including graduate employees and managers of various organizational levels in 2017. In this study, a multi-stage sampling method with proportional assignment was performed. In this method, the provinces of the country were divided into 4 developmental levels and finally, the provinces of Isfahan, Gilan, Golestan and Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari were randomly selected (n = 304). Research hypotheses were tested using SMART.PLS2 software.Findings: The results of the study estimated the model's overall fit index to be 0.350, which indicates a strong fit and high quality of the model of measurement.Discussion and Conclusion: The hypothesis test showed that in the Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, the factors under investigation could have an effect on creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - Comparative-Deductive Study of Pattern Language of Tehran Historic Urban Gardens (Case studies: Farah Abad Garden, Negarestan Garden & Masoudiyeh Garden)
Helma Habibi Khouzani Ali AkbariBackground and Objective: Interpretation of historic urban gardens as a text containing multilayer meanings, in order to creating a structure that meets the physical and spiritual needs of humans over the time, would be a reason for planning for new functional requireme MoreBackground and Objective: Interpretation of historic urban gardens as a text containing multilayer meanings, in order to creating a structure that meets the physical and spiritual needs of humans over the time, would be a reason for planning for new functional requirements in new urbanism. In this research, by assuming that the historic urban gardens have a readable and comprehensible pattern language in Persian’s gardening tradition, we attempted to recognize the pattern language of in Masoudiyeh Garden, Farah Abad Garden and Negarestan Garden. Method: In this study, research is "theoretical", the philosophical basis of research is interpretive, research approach is qualitative and research design is deductive-comparative. The method of data analysis is through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the data gathering tools are library studies and survey research. Findings: Having reviewing the literature of research and determining the pattern language of the Persian gardens and weighting the patterns in the data analysis stage, the results showed that physical structure with a weight of 0.428 is more important than functional structure (0.334) and a spatial quality structure (0.238). In the overall results of the patterns and final weight of the adaptability of the pattern language of the gardens shows that Masoudiyeh Garden ranked the first with a weight of 0.436, and then the Farah Abad Garden (0.345) and Negarestan Garden (0.219) stands second and third.Discussion and Conclusion: In this way, the understanding the language of urban historic gardens can be a basis to respond to the needs of today’s circumstances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Effect of using an airfoil-shaped deflector on increasing the efficiency of a savonius vertical axis wind turbine
Keyhan Layeghmand Nima Ghiasi Tabari Mehran ZarkeshBackground and Objective: With the increment of population, the need for sustainable energy development has been raised. By increasing greenhouse gas emissions and decreasing the fossil energy reserves have also shifted research centers around the world to renewable ene MoreBackground and Objective: With the increment of population, the need for sustainable energy development has been raised. By increasing greenhouse gas emissions and decreasing the fossil energy reserves have also shifted research centers around the world to renewable energy sources. Among renewable energies, wind energy is one of the most important types of renewable energy. In this study, the efficiency of the Savonius wind turbine is significantly increased by using an airfoil-shaped deflector. This increase in efficiency is carried out by upgrading the self-starting performance capability of the Savonius wind turbine and reducing the negative torque generated by the returning blade. Material and Methodology: Different configurations of the proposed deflector system are considered numerically using the CFD solver. A three-dimensional incompressible unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulation in conjunction with the SST k-ω turbulence model is done and validated with the available experimental data. Findings: The predicted results indicated that the performance of the Savonius rotor is highly dependent on the position and angle of the deflector. Thus, there was an appropriate position and angle values to obtain the highest torque and power coefficients. It was concluded that using the favorable airfoil-shaped deflector significantly enhanced the static torque coefficient values in all angular ranges especially in the rotation angles between 0° to 30° and 150° to 180°. By properly covering the returning blade using the airfoil-shaped deflector, the static torque coefficient values increased up to 2 times higher than that generated by without deflector case. Discussion and Conclusion: The Savonius turbine suffers from poor efficiency. Hence, the present work dealt with proposing an improved deflector system led to generate higher power and torque coefficients which resulted in capturing a higher efficiency and better self-starting capability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The new hybrid SELKA method for evaluation, ranking and selection of green suppliers in the supply chain
Elham Shadkam Fatemeh AdinehBackground and Objective: With the increasing number of environmental problems, it is very important to pay attention to environmental standards in the supply chain and has led to the creation of a green supply chain that causes the least damage to the environment. Eval MoreBackground and Objective: With the increasing number of environmental problems, it is very important to pay attention to environmental standards in the supply chain and has led to the creation of a green supply chain that causes the least damage to the environment. Evaluating, ranking and selecting a green supplier in the supply chain is important in order to reduce costs and achieve more profit and thus increase the efficiency and performance of the supply chain. The purpose of this article is to evaluate and select the best green suppliers of wind farm equipment using SELKA proposed approach and to prioritize suppliers according to economic and environmental criteria in the supply chain using this method. Material and Methodology: In this paper, a hybrid approach called SELKA method is presented, which is a combination of data envelopment analysis methods and hierarchical analysis process, and the crossover matrix of efficiency is used instead of the matrix of weights. Findings: The most important advantage of the proposed approach is to simultaneously consider the efficiency of suppliers and evaluate them according to the existing criteria, which is not considered in any of the decision-making methods, and thus leads to a more accurate and efficient evaluation of suppliers. Discussion and Conclusion: In order to validate SELKA's proposed method, the issue of evaluation and selection of green suppliers in wind power plants is discussed and the results are compared with similar methods. The results show the superiority of the proposed method of the article in the ranking of suppliers and selects more efficient suppliers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Assessing the effect of development management scenarios in mitigating the residential and agricultural land use conflict
Ali Asgarian Alireza Soffianian Saeid Pourmanafi Mohsen Bagheri BodaghabadiBackground and Objective: Residential land encroachment on agricultural areas presents a global challenge regarding land use management. Such a challenge needs crucial attention in Iran where agricultural activities suffer from resource shortage and land use management MoreBackground and Objective: Residential land encroachment on agricultural areas presents a global challenge regarding land use management. Such a challenge needs crucial attention in Iran where agricultural activities suffer from resource shortage and land use management practices are ineffectively planned and enforced. Material and Methodology: An attempt was first made to delineate agricultural land use suitability. Two scenarios namely Current Development (CD) and Environmental Development (ED) were mapped and transplanted to CA-Markov model to simulate urban growth up to 2030, 2040 and 2050. Finally, severity of conflicts was analyzed based on loss of the extent and the corresponding suitability of agricultural lands. Findings: The results showed that ED scenario is more successful in protecting suitable agricultural lands than CD scenario (nearly one thousand ha). Moreover, CD scenario is projected to occur in areas with relatively higher agricultural suitability values. The difference between the scenarios is not significant for near future (2030), but significant for the ending simulation period (2050). Discussion and Conclusion: ED scenario is more succeeded in protecting quantitative and qualitative agricultural lands. By implementing this scenario from now, it takes 35 years to significantly mitigate the conflict between the two land uses. However, the effectiveness of such scenarios requires simultaneous attention to socio-economic parameters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Presentation of Clean Sport Development Model in Iran
Afshin Sharifi Shahab Bahrami Hasan SafikhaniBackground and Objective: Due to the importance of clean sports, it is necessary to make appropriate plans for its development in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a framework for presenting a model for the development of clean sports in Iran with MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the importance of clean sports, it is necessary to make appropriate plans for its development in Iran. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a framework for presenting a model for the development of clean sports in Iran with a combined design approach.Material and Methodology: The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, qualitative case study and potential participants included 17 faculty members. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. In the quantitative part, the research method was descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study included the president, vice president and secretary of sports federations, whose number was 153 according to the 51 active federations in the country. According to Morgan's table, 113 people were identified as the research sample based on the available sampling method. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data to evaluate the fit of the research model.Findings: The results showed that the corresponding t-value of each factor has a significant effect and the whole framework of the clean sport development model in Iran was approved. Also, the results of the present study showed that the presentation of a clean sport development model in Iran includes causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervention conditions, consequences, and strategies. Also, the results of the present study showed that the research model has a good fit.Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that the National Olympic Committee and the Ministry of Sports, in addition to increasing the amount of current budgets and credits and equipment in sports, allocate and hand over budgets and credits independently to the sports medicine federation to the development and expansion of clean sports in accordance with the existing standards. Country to be paid. Also, it should be done to create a database in sports federations in order to organize and employ experts in various sports fields, including experts, coaches, referees, and athletes in promoting clean sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - Strategic planning of ecotourism development based on capacities and challenges (Case Study: The County of Mahabad)
mostafa mirabadi Afshin barjasteh ali hosein abdi ghaleBackground and Objective: Today, tourism is considered to be one of the largest economic sectors in many countries. The development of the tourism industry, particularly for developing countries which face problems such as high unemployment, limited foreign exchange res MoreBackground and Objective: Today, tourism is considered to be one of the largest economic sectors in many countries. The development of the tourism industry, particularly for developing countries which face problems such as high unemployment, limited foreign exchange resources and single-product economy, is of a great importance. According to this the goals of this research is on one hand to identify priorities of tourism attractions, tourist satisfaction, infrastructures, facilities and services of the County, measuring the effects of natural attractions in the development of the County, and on the other hand is to identify tourism development strategies based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats applied in SWOT model. Material and Methodology The methodology of this study based on the goal is to be functional and the method is descriptive-analytical. With that in mind, in Order to achieve the objectives of the research with the aim of library and field studies, then using a questionnaire and a survey the tourists and experts, necessary information is collected and then in SPSS and Excel Software, Statistical analysis was performed on data. Findings: The total score of strengths and weaknesses was 2.3 and the total score of opportunities and threats was 2.46, so the findings, based on studies in the County of Mahabad show that based on the matrix of internal and external influential factors, the weaknesses overcome the strengths and threats overcome the opportunities. Discussion and Conclusion: For the development of tourism in the County of Mahabad, we believe there is a strong need for comprehensive planning of maximum use of the strengths, enhance opportunities and dealing with threats. Therefore, in this study we have taken a step forward in this direction so that ultimately the matrix of the solutions and strategies of development of Mahabad’s tourism are prepared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Determination of Optimal Operation Strategy for CAES in Fluctuating-Hourly Electricity Market with High Renewable Wind Power Penetration (Case Study: Khorasan Regional Electricity Co.)
Mahdi Ghaemi Asl Mostafa Salimifar Mostafa Rajabi Mashhadi Mohammad Hossien Mahdavi AdeliBackground and Purpose: With influx of sustainable and renewable energy with high penetration into the production system, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) could be used for creation of an acceptable adequate and smooth Electricity production system. CAES plants oper MoreBackground and Purpose: With influx of sustainable and renewable energy with high penetration into the production system, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) could be used for creation of an acceptable adequate and smooth Electricity production system. CAES plants operate on electricity markets by storing energy when electricity prices are low and producing electricity when prices are high. An essential condition for the profitability of the CAES in hybrid systems is appropriate strategy for CAES operation about the sale and purchase of energy. This study aimed to determine optimal operating strategy for CAES systems fluctuating-hourly electricity market with high penetration of renewable wind power. Method: In this study, with simulation of production system of Khorasan Regional Electricity Company power plants which among all, the theoretical optimal strategy provides the highest net income for the storage unit. But since the market price of the upcoming hourly-fluctuating market is not pre-determined, two prognostic and historical practical-operational strategies have used for Setting up compressed air energy storage system. Findings: The results show that prognostic and historical practical-operational strategies, on average have 93% and 89% of theoretical optimal strategy s’ net income, respectively, in all six simulated capacities for compressed air energy storage system. Discussion and Counclusion: Based on the results, it is necessary to use power storage in order to increase grid stability and reliability of production in hybrid systems with high renewable power penetration; because a Black-Start must be ready in grid for Possible Black-Out situations which could provide load of grid in the least possible time. Use a CAES could be a great way that not only guarantees reliability and stability of grid in emergencies, but also is economically feasible and have operational suitable profit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - 2
حسن اصیلیان علی خوانین سیدباقر مرتضوی سقراط فقیه زاده رسول یاراحمدی -
Open Access Article
143 - 1
حسن احمدی نعمت اله خراسانی محمود کرمی سید محمد آذرکار -
Open Access Article
144 - The Environmental Evaluation of Toxic Metal of Al content changing in Industrial Zones (Case Study: some of industrial zones in Kerman province)
Hassan Salari Hossein Mozafai Khosrow Manoocheri Kalantari Masoud Torkzadeh Farzin NaseriRecognition and evaluation of main factors of Aluminum toxicity in different regions (especially industrial zones) is important. In recent research, in order to evaluate the effects of industrial zones on environmental Al3+ content, we carried out sampling from soil, pl MoreRecognition and evaluation of main factors of Aluminum toxicity in different regions (especially industrial zones) is important. In recent research, in order to evaluate the effects of industrial zones on environmental Al3+ content, we carried out sampling from soil, plant and industrial wastewater in six industrial zones of Kerman province (including Kerman Cement factory and Barez Tire factory, Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex, CSP, Industrial Zone No.1 and Khazra industrial zone) and a non industrial zone (control). Soil samples were taken from 30cm depth, plant samples were sampled in these zones for 10 replicates. After sampling and sample preparation, the parameters such as soil pH, soil exchangeable Aluminum, total Aluminum of soil, plant Aluminum content, industrial wastewater pH and industrial wastewater Aluminum were determined in lab. The soil exchangeable Aluminum content was determined by extracting with 1N KCl and total Aluminum was measured with acid digestion and atomic absorption method. Soil and industrial wastewater pH was measured with pH meter. The data was analyses by one-way ANOVA method (SPSS 10.0 software) statistically. The results showed that the amount of soil, industrial wastewater and plant Aluminum content increased significantly in two industrial zones including Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex and CSP when compared with environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards and other zones. Soil and industrial wastewater pH also significantly decreased in these two zones decrease compared with other zones and control (pH of soil samples equaled with critical range of pH=5 approximately). We didn observe increase in total Aluminum amount of soil in these zones when compared with other zones. Therefore increasing of the soil exchangeable Aluminum content in these two zones indicated that the required conditions for Aluminum realizing from soil particles is available. Accordingly, releasing industrial wastewater and pollutant gases (sulphoure components) from industrial zones (Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex and CSO) causes increasing exchangeable Aluminum soil slowly and accumulates within plants. So, the possibility of Aluminum toxicity increases in agricultural and residential regions. Therefore, we should concern controlling, evaluation and management of this important environmental problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - A Similarity Model for Wind Waves in Chabahar Coastal Area
Kamran Lary Masoud Torabi Azad Parisa MehdipourObservation and consideration of waves’ characteristics in coastal zone is one of the most importanttopics in the field of costal engineering. Chabahar area has attracted attentions due to its strategiclocation in transportation developments of the region with oth MoreObservation and consideration of waves’ characteristics in coastal zone is one of the most importanttopics in the field of costal engineering. Chabahar area has attracted attentions due to its strategiclocation in transportation developments of the region with other parts of the world, especially FarEast. This study looked at the data gathered from buoy during summer, and winter of 1998 to 2000and registered wind analysis during 1998 until 2003, waves and wind rose of the region. Based on thisinformation, it is shown that this region mostly has instabilities in its surface layers and most of thetime, duration-limited wave growth conditions dominated on waves. The similar model of wave,considers the relationship between non-dimensional parameters. The main objective of this research iscalculation and estimation of non-dimensional energy, frequency, fetch and duration of wind wavesand the relations between these parameters for Chabahar coast. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - 1
علی ترابیان امیرحسام حسنی مهرنوش سماک عابدی -
Open Access Article
147 - Analysis of Land Suitability to Locate Wind Power Plant in Ardabil Province Using AHP and SAW Methods in GIS Environment
Hamid reza Jafari Ali Azizi Hossein Nasiri Sepideh AbediAbstractFinding the best site for construction of wind farm such as any other engineering project needs basicinformation and specific programming. After confirmation of exploitable wind potential, finding thesuitable location of wind farm regarding to various technical, MoreAbstractFinding the best site for construction of wind farm such as any other engineering project needs basicinformation and specific programming. After confirmation of exploitable wind potential, finding thesuitable location of wind farm regarding to various technical, economic-social and natural factors areso important. This study analyzes land suitability for placing wind farm in Ardabil province regardingto some effective factors such as height, slope, and distance from urban areas, distance from villageregions, distance from water bodies and distance from main roads networks. For this purpose, at first 9effective factors are identified and prepared in GIS and weight of each criterion and classes arecalculated by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) methods.The next step of procedure was the elimination of exclusionary areas for wind power plant.Afterwards, the study area was zoned for each criterion using analytical functions of GIS. Finally byintegrating zoned maps based on weight from AHP and SAW methods, final map of both methods aresupplied in 5 classes from completely suitable to unsuitable. In this study comparing the results of 2methods expressive that AHP method results are more cautious than SAW results. Also Completelysuitable class resulted from 2 methods in spite of different area, shows Ardabil Plain and foothills ofSabalan could be considered as suitable site to exploit of wind energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - Study on the Application of Wastewater Treatment of Abadan Industrial Estate for Stabilizing Ponds
Iran Baraee Mahdi Farzadkia Nematollah Jafarzadeh Mansour MohammadiThe stabilizing ponds are more effective systems for treating wastewater whit high organic andhydraulic loading. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many ofindustries of wastewater treatment .The main objective of this study was investigating the MoreThe stabilizing ponds are more effective systems for treating wastewater whit high organic andhydraulic loading. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many ofindustries of wastewater treatment .The main objective of this study was investigating theefficiency of Abadan industrial estate wastewater treatment plant by stabilizing ponds . Module 1of phase 1 was done in Abadan wastewater treatment plant.In this study, the efficiency of Abadan wastewater treatment plant was studied over ten monthsfrom February 2004 to December 2005 . The general conditions and operation of the plant wereconsidered and wastewater treatment indexes such as pH , COD , BOD5 , TSS , Total coliformand fecal coliform in influent and effluent were determined.The removal efficiency of pollutants had highest rate in July. The average amounts of COD , BOD ,TSS , total and fecal coliform and helminthes ova in effluent in July were 805 mg/l ,440 mg/l ,30mg/l,9/2×105 MPN/100ml 6/1×105MPN/100ml ,22 ova/l respectively.These results showed that the amounts of these parameters (exception of the TSS) had significantdifference with the standard limits recommended by Iran Department of Environment (DOE) forirrigation or discharged to surface water. For sanitary disposal and to reuse this effluent theoptimization of exiting system must be noted Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - 3
احمد میرباقری امیرحسین جاوید -
Open Access Article
150 - 2
سعیدرضا صباغ یزدی عباس هادیان -
Open Access Article
151 - 3
رفیعه زاهدی مسعود ترابی آزاد -
Open Access Article
152 - The Study of Evaporation in Persian Gulf Using an Air-Sea Interaction Model
Masoud Torabi Azad Afshin Mohseni Arasteh Rezvan Salami Abyaneh Daruish MansoriIn this study, the drag coefficient in Persian Gulf is computed by the Bulk Model and then the rate of evaporation and moisture flux has been computed in the Bushehr station for two dry and rainy years. After some studies it has been realized that the amount MoreIn this study, the drag coefficient in Persian Gulf is computed by the Bulk Model and then the rate of evaporation and moisture flux has been computed in the Bushehr station for two dry and rainy years. After some studies it has been realized that the amount of evaporation is more in summer than winter. The most evaporation has been hold in July. The rate of evaporation and moisture flux has been studied experimentally but it wasn’t successful. So it has been reviewed again because the experimental relation didn’t give the exact information. So the correct coefficient and new experimental relation obtained. The rate of evaporation and moisture flux has been calculated by the use of it, similar to the Bulk Model, the rate of evaporation is more in summer than winter .For more accurate study of the marine information, two months of a year (May and December) has been used as a sample. This study proved the results but there is a little difference between the evaporation in warm and cold months for high accuracy of the marine information. The evaporation has a direct relation with wind speed and temperature. It has been approved in the warm months. The wind speed and temperature is high but in cold months as the wind speed is high but temperature is lower than warm months for higher evaporation in warm months Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - Evaluation of Tecomella undulata R. stands structure in Bushehr province
Zahra Zolfaghari Mostafa Moradi Reza Basiri Akbar GhasemiEvaluation ofTecomellaundulata R. stands structure in Bushehr provinceEvaluation ofTecomellaundulata R. stands structure in Bushehr province Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - Field Study of Currents in the North of Strait Hormuz
Masoud Torabi Azad Samad hamzeiIntroduction: In the northwestern part of Indian Ocean located Strait of Hormuz and has connected the Persian Gulf to the Oman Sea. Semi diurnal tides, seasonal winds, and buoyancy forces due to density differences waters of the Persian Gulf to the Oman Sea has caused w MoreIntroduction: In the northwestern part of Indian Ocean located Strait of Hormuz and has connected the Persian Gulf to the Oman Sea. Semi diurnal tides, seasonal winds, and buoyancy forces due to density differences waters of the Persian Gulf to the Oman Sea has caused water exchange in the Strait of Hormuz. Ocean currents are the major cause of environmental pollution, maritime transport, oil spills, and moving objects are floating in the Strait of Hormuz. The aim of this research was to study the currents in the northern Strait of Hormuz by Eulerian method to investigate the seasonal variation of currents in this Strait. Materials and Methods: The current survey by mechanical current meters with an accuracy ± 1 cm /s in the northern part of the Strait of Hormuz at interval time on January to May 2007 with total time duration of 8 days has been done. A mechanical current meter, flow meter and GPS were used in this monitoring. Mechanical current meter model A101 which was made in England, was used. The device accurately measures speed 1 cm / s with an accuracy of 5 degrees, this system can record data every 5 minutes. Flowmeter Model Z30 is a very simple device that uses a blade, a few bars and wires, and a flow indicator is made. It can measure up to 3.5 meters of water speed. By placing this device in the direction of water motion, water flow rate can be recorded. Discussion: The analysis of current data shows that semi diurnal tide is the main constituent. Hence this component was removed to consider the residual components due to wind and buoyancy typical deep tidal current is about 30-40 cm/s while the surface tidal current can reach 112 cm/s and the residual current range from 4.5-7.6 cm/s. In research Stations residual current magnitude in winter 5 cm /s is smaller than the spring rate 8 cm/s. Conclusion: The effect of tide on currents in the Strait of Hormuz at measurement stations has been shown. By moving from the center towards the north coasts of Strait of Hormuz, the speed of tidal currents will increase. Residual currents are influenced by wind and density differences and moves from the north of Strait of Hormuz into the Persian Gulf. This current movement speed is lower in winter than in spring. Lardner and the monthly mean wind driven current and density gradient current was investigated for Persian Gulf and speed of currents close to the coast of Iran at surface 0.05 m/s to about 0.04 m/s in bottom was estimated.The results obtained of this research with compare the lardner and eta al model is correspond. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Study and Optimization of Parameters Affecting the Maximum Power Output of Wind Farms on Flat Ground
Ayyub Farajipoor Faramarz Faghihi Reza SharifiBackground and Objective: Wind is a clean and abundant of source of energy which is completely renewable. Large wind farms are being built around the world as a way to generate electricity, but operators still seeking the most effective arrangement of wind turbines in t MoreBackground and Objective: Wind is a clean and abundant of source of energy which is completely renewable. Large wind farms are being built around the world as a way to generate electricity, but operators still seeking the most effective arrangement of wind turbines in the wind farm to maximize absorption of wind energy. Wind farm layout optimization is one the way to increase the output of the wind farm. Method: In this paper, a genetic algorithm to maximize the expected energy output was used. The purpose of the genetic algorithm optimization of wind farm was arranged in terms of location, hub height and rotor diameter of the turbines to capture maximum wind energy and reduce the wake effect. The proposed model with two scenarios of wind speed and direction distribution of wind sites are shown on the flat ground. Results: The results of the present study were compared with the previous studies. The results showed by wind farm layout optimization of the place, the hub height and rotor diameter of the turbines, at the same time, has a better performance - in terms of the maximum value of the expected energy output and reduces the wake effect with strategies which optimize with one or two parameters simultaneously. Discussion and Conclusion: The use of wind turbines with a hub height and rotor diameter varies in a wind farm and has the benefits of reducing the wake effect and captures maximum wind energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - 9
پروین فرشچی نازنین روح شهباز -
Open Access Article
157 - Study of organic matter of loading on the application of wastewater treatment of water refinery of Sewerage of Abadan industrial estate
Iran Baraee Mahdi Farzadkia Nematollah JafarzadehThe stabilization ponds are more effective systems for treating of the wastewater whit high organic and hydraulic loading shocks. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many of industrial wastewater treatment. Module 1 of phase 1 has been done in Ab MoreThe stabilization ponds are more effective systems for treating of the wastewater whit high organic and hydraulic loading shocks. Therefore, those are most popular methods for municipal and many of industrial wastewater treatment. Module 1 of phase 1 has been done in Abadan wastewater treatment plant. The main objective of this study was investigation of the organic matter of loading on the application of wastewater treatment of Abadan industrial estate. In this study, The efficiency of Abadan wastewater treatment plant was studied over ten months from February 2004 to December 2005 . The general conditions and operation of the plant were considered and wastewater treatment indexes such as pH , COD , BOD5 , TSS , Total coli form and fecal coli form and helminthes ova in influent and effluent and loading of organic matter level were determined. The maximum removal efficiency of pollutants was in July. The average amounts of COD , BOD5 , TSS , total and fecal coli form and helminthes ova in effluent in July were 805 mg/l ,440 mg/l , 30mg/l,9/2×105 MPN/100ml 6/1×105MPN/100ml ,22 ova/l respectively. so, maximum and minimum volume loading level in the anaerobic ponds 694.6 &384.1 g BOD5/m3.d and maximum and minimum surface loading level in the facultative ponds 554 & 272.06 kg BOD5/ha. d were determined. These results showed that the amounts of these parameters (exception of the TSS) had significant difference with the standard limits recommended by Iran Department of Environment (DOE) for irrigation or discharged to surface water and recycling water for agricultural re-use. In this section, problems and proposals have been presented. For sanitary disposal and reuse of this effluent the optimization of existing system must be noted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - 11
عبدالرحیم رحیمی مجید ثقفی11 -
Open Access Article
159 - Aerodynamic Simulation of a Container Ship and Evaluation of Cargo Configuration Effect on Fuel Consumption
Hamed Majidian Farhood AzarsinaBackground and Objective: Iran has access to open seas and plenty of sea transit around it has urged presence of merchant ships in the region. Fuel consumption has always been a matter of concern for ships. In this study, it is attempted to develop computer models for s MoreBackground and Objective: Iran has access to open seas and plenty of sea transit around it has urged presence of merchant ships in the region. Fuel consumption has always been a matter of concern for ships. In this study, it is attempted to develop computer models for several container ship cargo configurations and discuss an optimum configuration at a constant speed front wind. Method: The paper presents simulation results using ANSYS CFX commercial software for a Post-Panamax 9000 TEU container ship. The ship is modelled in a 1:4 scale, then using unstructured mesh the wind filed around it is solved. Drag force, drag coefficient, pressure contour and wind streamline velocity in ten different loading conditions are compared with each other. Finally, the optimized container configuration for loading on deck of the vessel is introduced. Findings: Simulation results demonstrate the influence of container configuration on wind load distribution. Also the numerical results are verified versus wind tunnel test data. Finally, the influence of container configurations on fuel consumption and reduction of pollutant emissions was calculated. Discussion and Conclusion: It is proposed to minimize empty spaces between the cargo containers and avoid unbalanced cargo distribution over deck in order to reduce the wind drag force and consequently reduce the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. Also, it is suggested to make cargo distribution on the forward and aftward deck areas more streamlined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - Investigation of architecture of wind-towers plan on the environmental temperature reduction
Mahnaz Mahmoudi Seyed Majid MofidiWind towers are historical Iranian vernacular architectural innovation and traditional wind towers are structured as static cooling ventilation system. The process is performed by using of renewable energy of wind. In this research, wind towers are studied in the conte MoreWind towers are historical Iranian vernacular architectural innovation and traditional wind towers are structured as static cooling ventilation system. The process is performed by using of renewable energy of wind. In this research, wind towers are studied in the context of vernacular architecture of hot dry climates of Iran and the city of Yazd in arid is selected. The different architectural forms of wind-towers have been seen in Yazd. This article indicates the fact that formal characteristics have played a major role in their functions. From the architecture point of view, learning about wind catchers of Yazd city in this study is done by the means of the field surveys. Research method for selection of the case is randomly chosen and based on explanation and analytical method. Wind catcher typology and knowledge of the relationship governing the wind catchers architecture were those measures that are taken for the first time. The typology of the wind-catchers is done by the physical analyzing, patterns and common concepts as incorporated in the wind catchers. How the architecture of wind catcher can influence their operations or performances by analyzing thermal behavior are the archetypes of selected wind catchers. This study has used calculating fluids dynamics science, fluent software and numerical analysis as the most accurate analytical approach. 3 types were stimulated in soft ware and results show that they are different to each other and one of them has more improved operation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Assessment of de-desertification alternatives using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP): Case study of Khezrabad region in Yazd
Mohammad Hassan Sadeghi Ravesh Hassan KhosraviIn order to enhance the efficiency of control plans, reclamation and restoration of destroyed lands andprevention of limited capitals loss are necessary. Absence of a method for covering various criteriaand alternatives and proposing the optimal solutions based on a sys MoreIn order to enhance the efficiency of control plans, reclamation and restoration of destroyed lands andprevention of limited capitals loss are necessary. Absence of a method for covering various criteriaand alternatives and proposing the optimal solutions based on a systematic structure and collectiveview has been always noticed in de-desertification plans. It has been always observed that thealternatives are proposed based on the expert’s partial, nonsystematic and non-holistic view while heor she has no experience in application of systematic models, such as Multiple Attribute DecisionMaking (MADM), in de-desertification. Therefore, in this study, the systematic Fuzzy AnalyticalHierarchy Process (FAHP) model has been used for proposing optimal solutions to de-desertification.In this study, opinions of experts about the priority of criteria and alternatives were assessed by FuzzyDelphi method and Pirewise comparisons. Then, the final priority of alternatives was obtained byusing fuzzy decision making matrix and FAHP model. This model was employed for assessing theefficiency of proposing optimal alternatives in Khezrabad region in Yazd province. According to theobtained results, modification of groundwater withdrawal, with an average weight of 93%, wasidentified as the optimal de-desertification alternative in the study area, and other alternatives werefound to have an insignificant role in control of desertification Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Cumulative Environmental Effects Assessment of Nazar Abad County's Industrial Estates - Iran
Azadeh Dabiri Masoud Monavari ُSeyeid Mahmood Shariat Parvin FarshchiAbstractCumulative effects assessment of development on environment studies the kind of impacts of projectsthat were ignored in environmental assessment directly. CEA, as an act, is a method to distinguish thispoint. Although some separate actions may individually do no MoreAbstractCumulative effects assessment of development on environment studies the kind of impacts of projectsthat were ignored in environmental assessment directly. CEA, as an act, is a method to distinguish thispoint. Although some separate actions may individually do not have a significant impact, but whenthey are combined the impacts may be significant.Industrial estate of Sepehr is located in geographical position of 50° 35' eastern longitude and 35° 58'northern latitude of Nazar Abad County. Close to this industrial estate, there is industrial estate ofNazar Abad, which is under construction. The area of this industrial estate is 194 hectares. At firstenvironmental conditions of Nazar Abad County and in possible cases the locations of industrialestates were described. Then prediction and assessment of impacts which accrued from constructionand operation of industrial estates on surrounded environment to borderlines of pointed County wereinvestigated.For cumulative environmental effects assessment the Monavari Method (2001) was used and 2alternatives, "No action alternative" and "with project alternative" were considered. In "No actionalternative", just environmental impacts which occurred by development activities with assumption ofnot implementing Nazar Abad industrial estate project and in "with project alternative" cumulativeimpacts which were accrued by activities of Nazar Abad and Sepehr industrial estate projects wereinvestigated.Result of weighting indicated that "No action alternative", 139 positive impacts and 120 negativeimpacts and in "with project option" 216 positive impacts and 143 negative impacts will affect theenvironment. In "No action alternative", algebraic summation of averages score impacts inconstruction and operational phases were -1.78 and in "with action alternative" average score impacts+2.04 were achieved. "With action alternative" in the proposal site was considered as the bestalternative, but project implementation is upon a condition that obeys the proposals for decreasing thenegative environmental effects seriously and impacts and implements the management programs,monitoring and environmental education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Analysis of wind energy potential to set up wind power plants in Kurdistan province using the Wiebull distribution model
Motalleb Byzedi Bahram Gholizadeh Mohammad Adib AbbasiBackground and Objective: Wind energy is an important energy source on earth that can be converted to electricity. The wind energy compared to fossil fuels is widely used because of its availability, stability, reducing air pollution and for economic reasons. The aim of MoreBackground and Objective: Wind energy is an important energy source on earth that can be converted to electricity. The wind energy compared to fossil fuels is widely used because of its availability, stability, reducing air pollution and for economic reasons. The aim of this study is to analysize wind energy potential using the Wiebull distribution and the data recorded in synoptic and climatologically stations. The Windographer software is used for calculations. Method: In this study, hourly wind speed and direction data for 2005 to 2007 in 7 stations (6 synoptic and 1 climatology stations) were investigated and Wiebull distribution function fitted to data. Then, corresponding plots including wind rose, wind speed, and wind power curve were provided, and finally wind energy density was estimated. Moreover, the zoning map of wind potential density (WPD) for the study area was drawn. Conclusion: Wind power density was 745 watts per square meter at Hzarkanian station on 50meters height from ground surface, which has been placed in category 6 of American Atlas Table for wind energy. Such region is considered to be windy and wind park. Bijar station in the east of Kurdistan and Zarineh station in the north of Kurdistan, with 301 and 200 watt per square meters wind power density, respectively, ranked in the next place. Other stations had low mean wind speed and power energy lower than 200 watt per square meters. Based on international standards, such places are considered as regions with low wind and inappropriate for installation of wind turbines to extract electricity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - Feasibility study of emission trading in thermal power plants to reduce the emission of pollutant and greenhouse gases
Nastaran Rahimi Maryam Khodi Nargess KargariMarketable pollution permits are among the new economic instruments to reduce pollution. They are based on market mechanism, and pollution makers are motivated economically to care for the quality of the environment. Many industrial countries have used such methods for MoreMarketable pollution permits are among the new economic instruments to reduce pollution. They are based on market mechanism, and pollution makers are motivated economically to care for the quality of the environment. Many industrial countries have used such methods for a decade and their effectiveness for the reduction of environmental pollution and pollution costs has been proven. Due to the consumption of fossil fuels to produce electricity, Iran’s power sector has faced environmental problems such as air, water and soil pollution. It is hoped that with the application of economic instruments based on market incentives, the power sector will enjoy both sustainable development and environmental conservation. In this paper, different strategies are considered for the implementation of emission trading program in Iran’s power sector (6 selected thermal power plants) based on the experiences of other countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - Investigation of Pollution Dispersion in Urban Canyons Using an Approach of wind Direction and Trees Position (Case study: Urban Texture in Isfahan)
Seyyed Hossein Hosseini Pouya Bakhtiari Nazanin Nasrollahi Background and Objective: Vegetation that is commonly used in urban design has a significant impact on air quality in the urban canyons. Thus, planners should be aware of vegetation impacts. In Isfahan metropolis, though vegetation covers a considerable portion o More Background and Objective: Vegetation that is commonly used in urban design has a significant impact on air quality in the urban canyons. Thus, planners should be aware of vegetation impacts. In Isfahan metropolis, though vegetation covers a considerable portion of the city, the streets are encountered with pollution problems. In this study, distribution of pollution in urban canyons is evaluated using an optimal model for pollution reduction. Method: A three-dimensional modeling software called ENVI-met along with local and sub-climatic air quality model based on CFD-computational fluid dynamics- is used to study the influence of vegetation on pollution level in urban canyons. In this study, first a sample of real field and next a simpler version of the selected area are simulated. Findings: Different parameters such as height to width ratio in urban canyons, density of trees, location of trees in the streets and gaps between the trees are evaluated. Conclusion: The obtained results show that the increase of wind velocity in the shallow valleys is at the the lower level and the absence of natural obstacles such as trees reduces the level of pollution due to the high velocity of wind at this condition. When trees are located in the center of urban canyons, pollution and tree distances are inversely correlated and pollution level reduces by increasing the distance between the trees. In the other words, the pollution that is caught by the tree canopies decreases with the reduction in tree canopies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Determination of heavy metals bonding in various sedimentary phases in Behshahr River and Abbas Abad dam
Fatemeh zarghami Aida Biati Abdolreza KarbassiBackground and Objective: In this study, the sediments from Abbas Abad dam and two rivers entering into it and a tributary river are chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of heavy metals along with iron and calcium and their origin. The pollution intensity MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, the sediments from Abbas Abad dam and two rivers entering into it and a tributary river are chemically analyzed to determine the concentration of heavy metals along with iron and calcium and their origin. The pollution intensity of river was also computed. Method: Sampling was carried out at 6 stations along the river in September 2013. In the first step, the bulk concentrations of Iron, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Copper, Nickel, and Cadmium were determined. Subsequently, a 5 steps chemical partitioning technique was used to identify the association of metals with different sedimentary phases. Findings: Majority of the studied metals have lithogenic sources while a significant portion of Cd is originated from anthropogenic sources. The result of chemical partitioning studies is well in accordance with the pollution intensity computations. Cluster analysis dendrogram reveals that the source for Zinc, Copper, and Nickel is oil, for Iron might be lithogenous, for calcium is biogenetic and for Cadmium and magnesium is unknown. The pollution intensity has been presented by various indices such as EF, Ipoll and Igeo. The two indices, namely IPOll and Igeo, are indicative of a non-polluted environment for all elements except for Cadmium with low pollution. The results of these two indices are in accordance with chemical partitioning studies. The results of the present study show that application of EF in determination of pollution intensity is limited. Conclusion: Considering the total concentration and its comparison with other indices, the study area is not polluted and only an insignificant contamination with Cd is noticed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - Industrial Waste Management (Case study: Abbas Abad Industrial Park)
Soudeh Pazouki Hamidreza JafariBackground and Objective: Increasing hazardous industrial waste and lack of necessary regulations for their management have led to serious problems in some parts of Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the situation of collection, transportation, recycling, and d MoreBackground and Objective: Increasing hazardous industrial waste and lack of necessary regulations for their management have led to serious problems in some parts of Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the situation of collection, transportation, recycling, and disposal of hazardous industrial wastes in Abbas Abad Industrial Park of Tehran, Iran. Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed using questionnaires and local visit during 2013. Findings: In Abbas Abad Industrial Park, 60,000 ton/year or 165ton/day of different industrial waste is produced. The largest proportion of waste includes metal waste which is about 47,232 ton/year or 80%. The smallest proportion is textile waste which is produced at a rate of 34 ton/year or 1%. 90% of the active industries at the Park produce solid industrial waste. Conclusion: Disposal of these wastes is mainly done by selling to trading agencies in amount of about 55%. The wastes of most industrial units at this Park have the potential to be recycled and re-used in other industries in amount of about 33.2%. The best, most economic, and most environment-friendly waste management activity in Abbas Abad Industrial Park is prevention of production, increase in the potential of recycling, and reuse of material with emphasis on sorting at the production site, increase of mechanical sorting, and decrease in production of disposable waste. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - Evaluation of environmental potential in Parsabad, Moghan for urban development using GIS and AHP
Dariush Nami Ebrahim Fataei Arezoo Nejaei Mojgan ZaeimdarAbstract Background and Objective: Use of land ignoring the ecological differences and environmental potentials leads to adverse consequences and destruction of the environment, and eventually threatens natural resources and hinders sustainable development of the envir MoreAbstract Background and Objective: Use of land ignoring the ecological differences and environmental potentials leads to adverse consequences and destruction of the environment, and eventually threatens natural resources and hinders sustainable development of the environment. Rapid expansion and development, lack of urban planning, and imbalance composition of Parsabad County call for implementation of proper management to prevent negative effects of development process and necessitate introduction of new zones for urban development. This study aimed to select appropriate directions for urban development within Parsabad County. Method: MADM was used with a focus on value and compensatory Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to weigh and combine the criteria in GIS environment. Urban development was completed using the criteria for ecological model of urban, rural, and industrial development. Moreover, some economic, social, hydrologic and hydro-geological criteria such as distance from wells, rivers, roads, airports, industrial zones, faults, and cities were also incorporated in this model. Conclusion: Results revealed that from the total area of Parsabad County, 6238.2896 acres was suitable, 18146.5083 acres was moderately suitable, and 110121.067 acres was unsuitable for urban development. Suitable and moderately suitable lands for urban development landuse are mostly located in the northern part of the medium. At present, the spatial distribution of Parsabad population centers in this area mainy because of adjacency to Aras River, low slope and proximity to the residential area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Investigating the relation between Balloon Analogue Risk Task and financial risk aversion; evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange
Saeed Eslami Bidgoli Ali SetayeshiThis Study Introduces psychometric and psychological tools and their application in assessing individual decisions. In the following, the ability of the BART, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, in predicting the financial risk-taking level is measured. To support this claim, a MoreThis Study Introduces psychometric and psychological tools and their application in assessing individual decisions. In the following, the ability of the BART, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, in predicting the financial risk-taking level is measured. To support this claim, active investors in Tehran Stock Exchange has taken the BART test and their risk-taking level is measured by the test variables. Accordingly, the activity of these tested examiners will be observed during the next year in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Assuming the Beta stability, the participants' portfolio Beta will be the indicators of their financial risk-taking and their investment decisions.The outcome of the Study shows a meaningful relationship between the gained scores of the BART test as a general risk-taking indicator and the examiners' portfolio Beta as a risk-taking indicator. These results show that we can rely on this test (BART) as a tool to predict the investors' behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - FTRTA : Fault Tolerance and Reliable Transmissions Algorithm based on the Internet of Things
Mohsen Mozafari Vanani Pouya KhosraviandehkordiThe limitations of IoT have led to increased failures and the need for guaranteed fault tolerance to ensure adequate network performance. Although previous studies have effectively improved fault tolerance by focusing on various aspects of this area, previous methods ar MoreThe limitations of IoT have led to increased failures and the need for guaranteed fault tolerance to ensure adequate network performance. Although previous studies have effectively improved fault tolerance by focusing on various aspects of this area, previous methods are ineffective in ensuring the stability and accuracy of data exchange in the event of failure. The existence of this problem shows the need to propose a new method that can guarantee the stability and accuracy of data exchange to guarantee the stability of network performance in case of failure. To achieve this, this research introduced a method called FTRTA, which is based on the development of the RPL protocol and data distribution techniques. Distribution techniques are effective in improving load balancing and fault tolerance of network traffic. The FTRTA was developed based on this technique and in three operational steps. Firstly, the situation of the network nodes is evaluated and analyzed in the same way as when sending DIO messages. In the second step, the network communication graph is created. Finally, in the third step, data transmission is based on a distribution technique to ensure fault tolerance. The simulation results using Cooja software show the high performance of FTRTA in ensuring the stability and accuracy of data exchange, improving factors such as successful receptions and network throughput compared to similar studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Investigation of Soil Potential in Production of Aerosels using Wind Rose and Storm Rose (Case Study: Part of Kermanshah Province)
Zeinab Nazari نعمت الله خراسانی Sadat Feiznia Mahmoud KaramiBackground and Purpose: Recently, aerosols as one of the air pollutants (with natural or anthropogenic sources) have received increasing attention. In this study, the purpose is investigation of soil potential in production of dust (aerosol) storms using wind rose and s MoreBackground and Purpose: Recently, aerosols as one of the air pollutants (with natural or anthropogenic sources) have received increasing attention. In this study, the purpose is investigation of soil potential in production of dust (aerosol) storms using wind rose and storm rose. Material and Methodology: Meteorological data and WRPLOT view software were used to draw the wind rose and hurricanes. Also, in order to study the wind direction on dusty days, the data of the Meteorological Organization and also to investigate the effect of meteorological parameters such as gentle wind percentage and prevailing wind percentage, statistical methods such as regression relationship, Pearson coefficient have been used. Also, the trend of annual and seasonal changes in the concentration of suspended particles (dust) has been studied in order to determine the seasons with the highest frequency of dust occurrence. Results: The results indicated that winds blow from northwestern and west in all seasons. The highest frequency of winds is western. The wind roses of spring and summer indicated that the most frequent direction of prevailing winds are western to northwestern. Southeastern direction comes in next level. These storms are more frequent in winter and autumn seasons. Also, investigation of storm roses demonstrated that dominant winds have speed of less than 4.5 meter per second (80%). This research shows that in study area, winds cannot erode the soil and product the aerosols. Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, the main source of recent dust must be searched in the neighboring countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - Assessment of the environmental impacts of wind erosion in three economic, social and environmental environments using the DPSIR model. (Case Study: Regan County)
Mina Behnood Maryam Morovati Mohammad Javad Ghanei BafghiBackground and purpose: In today's world, population growth and industrialization, regardless of the potential of the lands, have put pressures on the environment, upsetting the balance of nature, creating environmental challenges and affecting the quality of human life MoreBackground and purpose: In today's world, population growth and industrialization, regardless of the potential of the lands, have put pressures on the environment, upsetting the balance of nature, creating environmental challenges and affecting the quality of human life today. Wind breaking is a complex process that takes place in various forms such as excavation, transfer, granulation, abrasion and finally sedimentation. One of the most important environmental crises in arid and semi-arid regions is the destructive phenomenon of desertification and windfall, the occurrence of which is the occurrence of dust storms and the movement of fine dust. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of wind in Reagan County on economic, social and environmental sectors using the DPSIR model. Since wind is one of the major problems in the Reagan area, it is necessary to draw a chain of cause-and-effect relationships involved in the three economic, social and environmental environments of the region.Material and Methodology: In order to conduct this research, three indicators were selected from three environments: economic, social and environmental. Then, the available information was collected from relevant organization of each indicator, they were placed in the DPSIR framework. And then was shown a chain of cause-and-effect relationships in relation to those indicators.Results: The results of the research indicate that the damage to the agricultural sector due to the dust phenomenon has had an upward trend from 2007 to the first 6 months of 2018. In the social sector, according to the suspended particle measuring device (pm) in the two months of April and May 2018, there were few clean days and according to the statistics of the health center, the number of people referring to medical centers due to respiratory problems has been high. Also in the field of environment, in Reagan area, an area of 158,200 hectares of critical hotspots was identified with great intensity and has affected the biodiversity of the region, especially Persian Kahour trees.Discussion and Conclusion: The result of the research showed that the wind phenomenon in Reagan area with improper human management and exploitation of the environment as a positive feedback has fueled this phenomenon and has created adverse effects such as dust storms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Evaluation of Temporal and Sspatial Variations of Groundwater Level by using Statistical Estimator (Case study: Nourabad Plain)
Babak Shahi Nejad Reza DehghaniBackground and Purpose:Groundwater is the main water resource for domestic and agricultural uses in Iran. Analysis method:So real-time mapping of groundwater depth can guide to have a proper exploitation of groundwater. Groundwater level, geohydrological studies is very MoreBackground and Purpose:Groundwater is the main water resource for domestic and agricultural uses in Iran. Analysis method:So real-time mapping of groundwater depth can guide to have a proper exploitation of groundwater. Groundwater level, geohydrological studies is very important. Research on spatial and temporal scales due to changes in groundwater levels is essential. In this study was to evaluate the spatial and temporal changes in groundwater level Nour in 35 wells for statistical year (2011-2012) in two months, wet and dry node geostatistical estimation were used. Nourabad groundwater level parameters after the homogeneity test and normalization, as input different methods of kriging interpolation weighting photos are to be evaluated by 1 to 5. root mean square error and mean error standard deviation was used to compare and evaluate methods. findings: The results shown Photo weighting methods are to be a dry and wet few months with the lowest root mean square error and mean bias error was a priority. Conclusion: Overall Distance Weighting method Photo appropriate method for statistical analysis and can be useful as a step in the exploitation of groundwater resources used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Analysis of the sensitivity of air pollution emissions of a steel factory to the prevailing wind direction
zahra mansurian Farhad NejadkoorkiBackground and Objective: wrong locations and overloading in the steel industry have led to the creation of environmental problems by this industry. Wind direction, turbulent conditions and fluxes in the atmosphere near the earth's surface are among the most important a MoreBackground and Objective: wrong locations and overloading in the steel industry have led to the creation of environmental problems by this industry. Wind direction, turbulent conditions and fluxes in the atmosphere near the earth's surface are among the most important atmospheric factors affecting the distribution pattern of air pollutants after leaving their emission sources. The purpose of this study is to model the spread of air pollution in a steel factory under prevailing wind conditions. Material and Methodology: Using meteorological data, prevailing wind conditions, annual and seasonal windrose were modeled by AERMET software. Suspended particles as the most important pollutant in the area of the steel factory were sampled and then analyzed with using the AERMOD model, particle diffusion and dispersion modeling in two time periods of 24 hours and 6 days. Findings: The prevailing winds in this region are in the north, northwest, and southeast directions, and the highest amount of pollution is related to distances of 5000 to 20000 meters from the location of the chimneys and in the direction of the prevailing wind in the region. Also, the amount of air pollution caused by the factory chimney on a 24-hour time scale is lower than the clean air standard. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, the effectiveness of the AERMOD model in the direction of better management and control of air pollutants and reduction of adverse effects on the environment is investigated, and appropriate solutions to reduce pollution are provided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - The Effect of Green Banking actions on Environmental Performance of State-owned Banks in Khorramabad county
esfandyar mohammadi marjan arvanehBackground and Objective: as environmental issues become more important in recent years, most banks are trying to achieve not only their economic goals, but also minimize the environmental damage by proper planning and application of appropriate methods. Hence, the conc MoreBackground and Objective: as environmental issues become more important in recent years, most banks are trying to achieve not only their economic goals, but also minimize the environmental damage by proper planning and application of appropriate methods. Hence, the concept of green banking has emerged in the banking system with the aim of protecting the environment and sustainable development. Due to the importance of the issue, in the present article, the impact of green banking measures on the environmental performance of the bank has been investigated. Material and Methodology: the present study is a cross-sectional survey in terms of practical purpose and method and time frame of data collection. The statistical population of this study is the experts of state-owned banks in Khorramabad city, of which 242 people were selected as a sample using random sampling method. In this study, a standard questionnaire was used, the validity of which was validated through content validity and construct validity. Cronbach's alpha value and combined reliability of all dimensions of the larger questionnaire were obtained from 0.7. Which is approved. the collected data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL statistical software. Findings: Findings indicate that green banking practices include: daily actions, customer oriented activities and bank’s policy have a significant impact on the environmental performance of the bank. Discussion and Conclusion: according to research finding, it has been conclouded that green banking in governmental banks in Khortamabad conty has positive impact on environmental performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - The Evaluation of Corrosion Potential of the Soil at the Periphery of Water Supply Pipes in Abadan and Khorramshahr Cities
Seifollah Ganjali Dashti Ebrahim PanahpourBackground and Objective: Soil can cause corrosion of the pipes as a result of chemical and microbial factors and, therefore, make extremely harmful effects happen on water transfer projects. The aim of this study was the evaluation of corrosion potential of the soil at MoreBackground and Objective: Soil can cause corrosion of the pipes as a result of chemical and microbial factors and, therefore, make extremely harmful effects happen on water transfer projects. The aim of this study was the evaluation of corrosion potential of the soil at the Periphery of Water Supply Pipes in Abadan and Khorramshahr cities. Materials and Methods: 20 points were randomly selected from the areas in the cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr where pipelines had been installed and then the soil in the close vicinity of the pipelines were sampled. The soil samples were immediately sent to laboratory where the moisture was measured. Also, after the soil was dried and crushed at the ambient temperature, its physical, chemical characteristics and soil’s microbial respiration were measured. Finally, the correlations between each of the parameters with the microbial respiration rate were investigated. Results: The results indicated that there is a positive and significant correlation, 0.633 and 0.673 in a 1% level of the statistical tests, respectively, between the electrical conductivity (EC) and the amount of Sodium with the carbon dioxide present as a result of microbial respiration but no significant correlation was found between the soil moisture at sampling time and microbial respiration. Also, the study results showed that the soil’s pH is positively and significantly correlated with the total alkalinity rate. Conclusion: The Soil at the Periphery of Water Supply Pipes in the stations of 10, 11 and 17 Due to the low electrical resistance, stations of 8 and 10 Due to the high Alkality and stations of 17, 18, 19 and 20 Due to the high microbial respiration had the greatest potential corrosion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Providing a Framework based on Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) consideration using FAHP in the Demolition of Buildings (Case study: Saadat Abad Tehran)
Mohammad Hossein Shahabadi Mohammad Reza Fathi Mohammad Hasan MalekiThis study provides a framework to examine the issues of health, safety and environmental concerns associated with the demolition of the buildings. For this purpose, firstly, the existing problems, in the field of building’s demolition in Tehran and deficiencies i MoreThis study provides a framework to examine the issues of health, safety and environmental concerns associated with the demolition of the buildings. For this purpose, firstly, the existing problems, in the field of building’s demolition in Tehran and deficiencies in state and municipal laws were identified. Checking the existing problems in association with the study of Saadat Abad incident showed that demolition topic, requires fast actions and effective remedies. Besides extraction of the existing defects, according to the available literature and the results of the researcher's efforts, Effective factors on buildings demolition were obtained. According to the experts, including university professors and demolition contractors, significant factors were identified and prioritized using FAHP method. Finally, after obtained results and the significance of the factors, corrective strategies and a functional model for improving the current circumstances is presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Environmental Effects of Zehabad-e-Qazvin Lead and Zinc Mine
Farzad Sotohian Leila Hojjati Saeed SharifiProtection of environment is one of the most important principles of sustainable development in each country. Accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and water threaten the life of organisms in all ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the environ MoreProtection of environment is one of the most important principles of sustainable development in each country. Accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and water threaten the life of organisms in all ecosystems. The aim of the present study was to investigate the environmental effect of Zehabad-e-Qazvin Mine which is one of the active mines in Qazvin province. Exploitation of this mine lead to environmental pollution and releasing of toxic and hazardous elements by mineral processing and accumulation of waste materials into hydraulic systems (surface and ground waters) as well as soil in the region. Sampling was done on 120 soil types and 18 water samples in 7 stations in the mine zone. The results of analysis of lead and zinc in the soil and water in this region were compared to international standards of EPA and their permissible limit. The results of the present study showed that the level of lead and zinc elements in the sampling stations is more than standard level and permissible limit. Furthermore, the present study showed that the solid wastes and wastewater produced in this mine have imposed irreparable damages to environment mso-j -a �� x�� om:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";} یکی از ارکان مهم توسعه پایدار هر کشوری حفظ محیط­زیست آن است. تجمع فلزات سنگین در آب و خاک، زندگی جانداران هر اکوسیستمی را تهدید می­نماید. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی اثرات محیط­زیستی معدن زه آباد قزوین که از جمله معادن فعال این استان است، می­باشد. آلودگی محیط­زیست ناشی از بهره­برداری این معدن منجر به آزاد­سازی عناصر سمی و مضر از طریق فراوری ماده معدنی و به ویژه انباشت­های مواد باطله به داخل سیستم هیدرولیکی (آب­های سطحی و زیر زمینی) و نیز خاک منطقه گردیده است. نمونه­برداری از 120 تیپ خاکی و 18 نمونه آبی در 7 ایستگاه در منطقه معدنی صورت گرفت. نتایج آنالیزها و تطبیق آن با استانداردهای جهانی [1]EPA در مورد عناصر سرب و روی در خاک و آب منطقه و حد مجاز آن مقایسه گردید. نتایج این آزمایش بیانگر آن است که میزان عناصر سرب و روی در ایستگاه­های نمونه­برداری شده بیش از حد مجاز و استاندارد می­باشد. در این میان مشخص گردید که باطله­ها و پساب­های تولید شده صدمات جبران ناپذیری را بر محیط­زیست ناحیه وارد آورده است. 4- Environment Protection Agency Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Potentiometric environmental, renewable wind energy, Ardabil Province for the establishment of wind turbine 2.5 MW Samen (AV 928) using software ArcGIS
vahid safarian zengir Batol ZeynaliThe extent of the human need for energy resources has always been the basic issues important in human lifeand strive to achieve an inexhaustible source of energy has been mankind's oldest dreams.Increased use of fossil fuels and the increasing need to be intensified wit MoreThe extent of the human need for energy resources has always been the basic issues important in human lifeand strive to achieve an inexhaustible source of energy has been mankind's oldest dreams.Increased use of fossil fuels and the increasing need to be intensified with the increase in population, and have alternative energy in the fuel must be found.Determine the proper location for the construction of wind turbines attention to the criteria and different factors.In this study of the climatic data were collected for the period specified Meteorological OrganizationAnd meteorological data required for weighting the unit accordingly then IDW and methods in ArcGIS that is suitable for mountainous areas,Zoning was used for the analysis and geographical elements,The results of the study for the establishment of wind turbines 2.5 MW to 4 stations Ardabil Province Samen AV 928 (Meshkinshar, Pars Abad, Khalkhal and Ardabil) allocated priorities excellent potential for the Ardabil station. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - Assessment the Quality of the Groundwater Resources Supplying the Drinking Water of Abadeh City
haniyeh nowzari Leila Nematollahir Physicochemical properties of water are among the important parameters that have a special place in the health of water consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the quality parameters of drinking water in Abadeh to determine its healt Morer Physicochemical properties of water are among the important parameters that have a special place in the health of water consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the quality parameters of drinking water in Abadeh to determine its health. Sampling was carried out during June and November 2015 and 15 physical and chemical parameters in 20 samples in total taken from 10 drinking water resources was determined. Physical and chemical analyses were done according to the standard methods. The study of measured mean concentration showed that all measured physical and chemical parameters (Cl, EC, NO2, NO3, pH, SO4, HCO3, F, Na, Mg, Ca, TH, TDS, temperature, turbidity) of the underground water resources were desirable and met the expectations of national and international standards. The discharge of water wells has been a significant decrease in November. On the other hand, the results showed significant positive associations between EC with (Cl, SO4, HCO3, Ca, TH, and TDS), TDS with (Cl, SO4, HCO3, Ca, and TH), TH with (Cl, SO4, HCO3, and Ca,), Ca with (SO4, Cl, and HCO3), Cl with (SO4 and HCO3), SO4 with HCO3 and pH with F. However, the result showed significant negative associations between temperature with (pH and F). The quality of the drinking water of Abadeh city has a good and desirable condition, except for total hardness, although is in the standard range the water of this city is classified as hard water. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Investigation of habitation value of four under protected areas from the viewpoint of wind erosion zonation in Yazd province
Mohammadhassan Sadeghi RaveshAccording to desert habitation sensitivity and for optimum management of these areas and zone, it is essential that all effective factors in the habitation situation are investigated. Therefore in this research the relationship between wind erosion as a climatic-anthrop MoreAccording to desert habitation sensitivity and for optimum management of these areas and zone, it is essential that all effective factors in the habitation situation are investigated. Therefore in this research the relationship between wind erosion as a climatic-anthropogenic common phenomenon in desert area and under protected areas is studied in Yazd Province. By estimating the rate of wind erosion in such area, the capability of environment for providing appropriate conditions for animal species subsistence can also be estimated. This research has two parts: first, using of iso-erosion map and under protected areas map in order to determine of affected regions in every zone. Second, determination of habitation value of four under protected areas on the basis of food, water and security as three variable factors. Finally the correlation of the value of each habitation with the area of the regions was determined. The results showed there is strong correlation between two mentioned factors (r = -0.87). It means that effective factors of the increase of wind erosion amount affect on the quality of protected habitation and habitation value reduce proportional with the increase of the area of affected regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Movement patterns of prevailing winds flow and environmental impacts associated with the buildings and urban passage; The Case study Nahavand city in West Iran
Mehrdad Kiani Daryoush AbolfathiFrom most important Climate challenges in the urban environment are strong winds and prevalent winds. The winds of change and movement in relation to roads, crossings and the urban sprawl as an environmental problem have been studied. One of the cities with considerable MoreFrom most important Climate challenges in the urban environment are strong winds and prevalent winds. The winds of change and movement in relation to roads, crossings and the urban sprawl as an environmental problem have been studied. One of the cities with considerable frequency in the strong winds in Iran West is Nahavand that has been studied as an example. Windrosees plotted for the period 1996 to 2005 represents that the most frequent winds occur frow West direction and has been the strongest winds in March. Chief streets has locate parallel to movement of prevalent wind .This problem causes strengthen wind flow within the city .In this city descriptive two patterns of wind effect have formed that one is street parallel to prevalent wind and other is urban narrow passages between two rows from buildings with vertical angle .in both of case wind flow was transferred with the pressure and high speed of the. The wanted effect of wind in the city have been reducing air pollution and its adverse effects , the sidewalks and traffic disturbance, soil particles conveyance into the city , breaking branches and create coldwind in March. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Survey on effects of plantation in variety temperature in middle Zagrus ( case study : shahyon Dezful)
Maryam Behdarvand mohsen Hosseini seyed mohammad bagher nabavi ehsan sayadIn order to survey on probably variety of temperature in a planted area compare to none planted area selected 50 Ha of planted land of near the Dez dam in shahyon of Dezful . For data comparing selected area 10 Ha as well as buffer zone in out o MoreIn order to survey on probably variety of temperature in a planted area compare to none planted area selected 50 Ha of planted land of near the Dez dam in shahyon of Dezful . For data comparing selected area 10 Ha as well as buffer zone in out of planted land .Then based on Random-systematic method, 3 thermometer maximum-minimum in the stable line altitude 520 meter up the sea level in planted land & 3 thermometer in none planted land in same line were installed too. Harvested data duration one month after assemblage and analysis showed that emperature difference in two areas was very salient and it was proximate to 3 c.Temperature vibration in plated land lower than none planted land meaningful Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
184 - Survey of Cu concentration in some grassland plants (Lactuca serriola, Artemisia sieberi and Astragalus bisulcatus ) around the Khatoon Abad melting Copper mine in Shahr Babak
Fatemeh Einollahi Peer Sahel Pakzad Toochaeihe aims of this study were survey of Cu concentration in some grassland plants including, Lactuca serriola, Artemisia sieberi and Astragalus bisulcatus around the Khatoon Abad melting and compared the Cu concentration in samples Morehe aims of this study were survey of Cu concentration in some grassland plants including, Lactuca serriola, Artemisia sieberi and Astragalus bisulcatus around the Khatoon Abad melting and compared the Cu concentration in samples with available standards. Samples of plants were collected from 300, 600 and 1000m distances from melting area in April 2010. Samples were transferred to the laboratory, prepared and then digested with hot plate digester. Cu concentration was measured in samples with Konic Wonm 300 atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The Cu concentration in Lactuca serriola, Artemisia sieber and Astragalus bisulcatus was measured 5.33-17.59, 5.17-19.46 and 5.47-12.73 µg/gdw respectively. In all samples, highest concentration of Cu was measured in 1000m and lowest concentration of Cu was calculated in 300m distance from melting area. Similarly, the highest and lowest concentrations of Copper in all samples were obtained in 1000m and 300m distance from melting area respectively.High concentration of Cu with increasing the distance from melting area could be due to wind direction, weight of particles containing of Copper, height of chimney and not absorbed of some smallest particles with micro filter was embedded in the chimney. According to some available standards, Cu concentration was low in soil. Consequently, the particles containing of Copper must reduced from the chimney of melting Copper mine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Effects of livestock and forest dweller exclusion on natural regeneration in Abbas-Abad forest, Mazandaran province
Majid Tohidy Javad Jalali Farshad Yazdian Mohammad Naghi Adel Roghayeh Jiroudnezhad Mohammad Reza Azarnoosh Javad Sadegh KuhestaniOne of the main destruction factors in north forests is grazedby animals that destroys plant species. Hence, evaluation of livestock exit planning has been done at series 2 from Kazemrood area in Mazandaran province. In this paper, density of the regeneration was measur MoreOne of the main destruction factors in north forests is grazedby animals that destroys plant species. Hence, evaluation of livestock exit planning has been done at series 2 from Kazemrood area in Mazandaran province. In this paper, density of the regeneration was measured in degraded and protected areas in three height class less than 0.5 m, 0.5 m to 1.3 m and more than 1.3 m and three distance of sampling center 10 m, 20m and 30 m and in four main direction for inner comparison. Results of this study showed that in more distances, the regeneration is increased; also, density in class of more than 1.3 m and western direction had higher density and southern direction had minimum density. The comparison of the regeneration within two areas in three height classes revealed that there are significant differences between them. This means that the livestock emersion planning has been increased density of regeneration. Institutions and organizations are required legally carry out their duties and be directed and controlled through a coordinating headquarters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
186 - Comparative comparison of the four elements of natureIn the selected poems of Afshanah Shaban Nejad and Suniye Saleh (Arab poet)
hosein shahabi Maryam Jafari Gholamabbas ZakeriComparative comparison of the four elements of nature In the selected poems of Afshanah Shaban Nejad and Suniye Saleh (Arab (poet Hossein Shahabi*, Maryam Jafari, Ismail Eslami Abstract In ancient beliefs, the four elements of nature formed the basis of the wor MoreComparative comparison of the four elements of nature In the selected poems of Afshanah Shaban Nejad and Suniye Saleh (Arab (poet Hossein Shahabi*, Maryam Jafari, Ismail Eslami Abstract In ancient beliefs, the four elements of nature formed the basis of the world, and in fact, they are the elements that are tied to the creation of existence in human culture. The aim of this research is to compare the topics related to the four elements of nature in the selected poems of Afshanah Shabannejad (Persian poet) and Suniye Saleh (Arabic poet) after brief introduction of these two authors. Nature is separately investigated and the method of dealing with these concepts is mentioned with examples In this article, the frequent interpretations of the poets in question about nature are discussed, and from a quantitative point of view, Arab poets create works more than Persian poets, while Persian poets use soothing and cheerful words in contrast to Arab poets' use of words. Harsh, fear and illusion, he has created more qualitative works Undoubtedly, nature and its manifestations are one of the main foundations of the poems of Suniye Saleh and Afsan Shaban Nejad, and in this article, using the selected sources of two child and adolescent poets, a comparative study of the four elements of nature (water, wind, earth, and fire) and some words and Interpretations related to the elements of nature have been discussed. Key words: poetry, elements, nature, water, wind, soil, fire Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Comparative research on wine poetry in Persian and Arabic literature
zahra khosravi vamakaniIn this research, the background of wine poetry in Arabic and Persian literature and how it evolved in the literature and nation of Iran and the Arabs is shown to express the spirit of both nations. Description of wine has been an inseparable part of ancient Arabic Qsid MoreIn this research, the background of wine poetry in Arabic and Persian literature and how it evolved in the literature and nation of Iran and the Arabs is shown to express the spirit of both nations. Description of wine has been an inseparable part of ancient Arabic Qside(odes) or a long time and in the course of time, this type of literature was given a complete and independent structure from Arabic Qaside(odes) by the Iranian poet of Arab descent.Hasan lbn Hani known as Abu navas with name of khamrieh. in Arabic literature, the material aspect has always prevailed in this kind of literature, and rarely did the spiritual aspect find its way, that Ibn Fariz was the representative of this type of thinking in Arabic poetry, of course, this aspect was not late in Arabic poetry. in Persian literature, due to the non-existence of poetry in the pre-islamic period, we can recover and reread the heritage of this literary form only from the time of Rudaki Samarqandi.and in addition to its material aspect and the writing of this poem in the description of wine in royal parties and gatherings by famous poets such as Daqiqi ،Kesai، Manochehri ،Khayyam and… in the description of wine and related matters to Saqi, Nadim, Motreb ,Jam(cup) , sagar (saghar) and… Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
188 - A Comparative Study of the Ontological Considerations of Two Philosophical Characters in the Novels “Deportment” by Mahmoud Dolat Abadi and “Goodbye Party” y Milan Condra
Ahmad Abumahbub Shahram PanahiThe present article studies the ontological considerations of two philosophical characters in the novels “Deportment” by Mahmoud DolatAbadi and “Goodbye Party” by Milan Condra. These two writers are from east and west and there are similarities a MoreThe present article studies the ontological considerations of two philosophical characters in the novels “Deportment” by Mahmoud DolatAbadi and “Goodbye Party” by Milan Condra. These two writers are from east and west and there are similarities and sometimes opposing ideas in their works. DolatAbadi is one of the famous contemporary Iranian writers whose books have been translated into different languages and Condra is from Czech Republic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
189 - A Comparative Review of Phenomenal literature of Holy Koran and Mowlana's Mathnavi
Behrouz Hassan NezhadHumans have always been under the influence natural elements and phenomena and have always searched for the spirit of the phenomenon to reveal it's secret. This article reviews the role of Wind as one of the important elements of nature in Holy Koran and Mowlana's MoreHumans have always been under the influence natural elements and phenomena and have always searched for the spirit of the phenomenon to reveal it's secret. This article reviews the role of Wind as one of the important elements of nature in Holy Koran and Mowlana's Mathnavi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
190 - Divine Paths: “A Comparative study of two mystic works; Seir Al Ibad Ila Al Ma'ad by Sanaie and Divine Comedy by Dante”
Hassan Akbari Beiraq Ilyas BabaieSanai Qaznavi - the sixth Century poet in his work "Seir Al Ibad Ila Al Maad" and Aligheri Dante- the Italian pad ofthe fifteenth century AC in his famous work "Di vine Comedy" emphasize the existence of another world through different allegories. In fact these two work MoreSanai Qaznavi - the sixth Century poet in his work "Seir Al Ibad Ila Al Maad" and Aligheri Dante- the Italian pad ofthe fifteenth century AC in his famous work "Di vine Comedy" emphasize the existence of another world through different allegories. In fact these two works depict the utopia which describes a perfect human being. Since he stories of both works are based on phenomenology oftwo spirits in a long and difficult quest. common themes and objectives could be found. The present article studies the similarities and differences between the two works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
191 - Comparative Study of Wine Poetries in Al-a'sha and Manucheri's works
Morteza Barari Raeisi Elahi Bakhsh GouriWine poetries have been paid attention by Persian and Arabic poets. Al-a'sha and Manucheri Damqani are of those poets. Thus the present paper seeks to find out the poetic similarities and differences in descriptive – analytical method because of the high frequency MoreWine poetries have been paid attention by Persian and Arabic poets. Al-a'sha and Manucheri Damqani are of those poets. Thus the present paper seeks to find out the poetic similarities and differences in descriptive – analytical method because of the high frequency of wine description in their poetries. The findings show that common concepts such as the effect of wine on body, the healing scent of wine and the description of the ceremonies held by dancing are applied. Exactness, attention to the details and senses, wordiness and personification of wine are other common concept both poets have applied in their poetries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Sahib ibn Abbad and his Effect on Arabic and Persian Languages
Mohammad Mahmoudi Mohammad Jafari Mohammad Shaygen MehrSahib was a scholar and fan of science and knowledge in a way that was expert in various sciences. He treated students who became great masters in their own and different sciences. Although he was Iranian and his language was Persian, he learned Arabic literature in a w MoreSahib was a scholar and fan of science and knowledge in a way that was expert in various sciences. He treated students who became great masters in their own and different sciences. Although he was Iranian and his language was Persian, he learned Arabic literature in a way that talked and wrote in Arabic. He was interested in learning Arabic and tried to encourage others to talk Arabic. Sahib paid special attention to Arabic poetry and literature as well as Persian. The present research attempts to introduce his active character in learning in the best way in Arabic and Persian to the ones who are familiar with two mentioned languages and are interested to learn. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - Introducing the Manuscript of Reality of Certainty by Astarabadi and its stylistic Manner
Roya Amirpoor Maryam Mahmoudi“Reality of Certainty” (Haq al-Yaqin) is one of the most famous works of Astarabadi (d. 1316), in which includes the principles of religion in addition to moral issues and has been categorized in the mystical literature of the Qajar era. The i More“Reality of Certainty” (Haq al-Yaqin) is one of the most famous works of Astarabadi (d. 1316), in which includes the principles of religion in addition to moral issues and has been categorized in the mystical literature of the Qajar era. The importance of “Reality of Certainty” as a manuscript is due to the fact that only one unique version is available. It is hoped that this research will pave the way for further research for the author, who, in addition to being a high-ranking religious official, is one of the great scholars in the field of meaning and mysticism. Considering that the mentioned book has not been corrected yet, its introduction may identify another literary figure in the thirteenth century. The author of the present research initially introduces the manuscript of "Haq al-Yaqin" and its calligraphic features and follows by introducing stylistic features of this work in three linguistic, intellectual and rhetorical structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - A comparative study of homiletic commentary in Rawd al-Jinan and Sourabadi’s commentaries
mahnaz foladi mahani hossein khoshdel monfared ماشالله جشنی ارانی محمد ناصحیHomiletic commentaries are typically written for preaching, leadership, guidance, and as a result, the spiritual education of the public, and commentators such as Atiq Neishabouri (Sourabadi) and Abul Fattouh Razi are among the commentators who have addressed homiletic MoreHomiletic commentaries are typically written for preaching, leadership, guidance, and as a result, the spiritual education of the public, and commentators such as Atiq Neishabouri (Sourabadi) and Abul Fattouh Razi are among the commentators who have addressed homiletic commentaries in the verses of the Holy Quran. It is necessary to introduce and characterize these commentaries for further promotion of religious teachings and instructions among the public. This study aims to examine the two homiletic commentaries of Rawd al-Jinan by Abul Fattouh and Sourabadi using a descriptive and analytical perspective and to find their homiletic components and approaches. The findings of the study indicate that the aforementioned commentaries are like other educational preaching commentaries. They are highly attractive and there are plenty of advice and guidelines in them. Poems, stories, folk beliefs, attention to theological and transcendental issues, figures of speech, and contemporary beliefs are among the important common components and approaches used in Rawd al-Jinan and Sourabadi’s commentaries. Concerning the differences, Rawd al-Jinan pays attention to Persian poems, the analysis of the stories of all the prophets, the criticism of Israʼiliyyat and mythology, while Sourabadi’s commentary avoids narrating the life stories and events of some prophets and there is no trace of mythology and Israʼiliyyat except for one or two cases. Moreover, there are many Israʼiliyyat elements in Sourabadi’s commentary compared to Rawd al-Jinan’s commentary. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Worship pathology from Quran and Hadith point of view
fahime ahmadi moniro al sadat pour tolamiWorship is the human’s main duty for his Creator, God and is not safe from dangers. The present article studies the pathology of worship from two aspects; internal and external. The criterion of this division is the human itself. By internal factors we m MoreWorship is the human’s main duty for his Creator, God and is not safe from dangers. The present article studies the pathology of worship from two aspects; internal and external. The criterion of this division is the human itself. By internal factors we mean the scientific weak points of worship such as philosophy expression as well the human’s ethical weak points. The diagnostic trauma of worship means any trauma outside of his existence-the Satin. Non-diagnostic traumas are the ones which are created by the human being themselves such as political, cultural and economical factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - The Effect of Pray on work Ethics and job responsibility from Verses and Stories
Mohammad Karim Hekmat Ara Aadel SoltaniAccording to natural need of human to pray and worship and the present situation of work places in Islamic societies in the present era it is necessary to step forward praying in our work places. Thus the present paper tries to introduce worship, fact, importance and th MoreAccording to natural need of human to pray and worship and the present situation of work places in Islamic societies in the present era it is necessary to step forward praying in our work places. Thus the present paper tries to introduce worship, fact, importance and the effects of pray based on Quran verses and stories. In another section of the article it surveys the secrets of the pray, the reasons of unawareness and its effects on employees job commitment and finally discusses the correct management of the managers in the work field by increasing the spirit of responsibility in order to a better commitment and ethics which are the most important factors of growth and improvement at work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - Translation Methods of Singular Metonymy in Yousef Surah in Some Quran's Translations
Zahra Mohammadi Simin ValviPaying attention to tropes to understand the Quran's facts is essential because of their wide application in Holy Quran. This article studies Quran's translation, trope's concept and its various types and then singular metonymies of Yousef Surah are surveyed to express MorePaying attention to tropes to understand the Quran's facts is essential because of their wide application in Holy Quran. This article studies Quran's translation, trope's concept and its various types and then singular metonymies of Yousef Surah are surveyed to express the translation method in selected ancient translations. The outcome the research shows that the translators did not apply similar method in singular metonymy translation. Some translations were source – based and some were target – based. Translators of Tabari Translation owned the most frequent literal (word to word) translation. Surabadi had the most content translation. Abu l-Futuh al-Razi and Meybodi offered literal, content and interpretational translations equally. It is not possible to propose a significant pattern in singular metonymies but applying and enjoying various methods is possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Methodology of Mystical Interpretation of Bayan Al Saadat Fi Maqamat Al Ebadat
Ghodratollah Khayatiyan Somayeh KhademiOne of the methods of Quran Interpretation is the mystical interpretation. The myths have paid attention to the deep structure and meaning of the Quran verses. One of the important interpretations of fourteenth century is Bayan Al Saadat Fi Maqamat Al Ebadat interpretat MoreOne of the methods of Quran Interpretation is the mystical interpretation. The myths have paid attention to the deep structure and meaning of the Quran verses. One of the important interpretations of fourteenth century is Bayan Al Saadat Fi Maqamat Al Ebadat interpretation by Soltan Mohammad Gonabadi (Soltan Alishah). This interpretation is of different aspects such as verbal, philosophical and mystical. Although most of the interpretations are by Sunnites, Bayan Al Saadat Fi Maqamat Al Ebadat is by Shia and its methodology and important mystical points are studied in the present article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - Reflection of Quran and Hadith in Sheikh Najm al-Din Razi’s Poetries
Zahra Baratiyeh Ghorban Ali EbrahimiThe period in which Najm al-Din Razi lived is the period in which Persian literature was at its peak in terms of being influenced by Qur'an and Arabic hadith and literature. Undoubtedly, "Mirṣād al-ʻibād " and other immortal works of Sheikh Najm al-Din Ra MoreThe period in which Najm al-Din Razi lived is the period in which Persian literature was at its peak in terms of being influenced by Qur'an and Arabic hadith and literature. Undoubtedly, "Mirṣād al-ʻibād " and other immortal works of Sheikh Najm al-Din Razi, - prominent mystic of the seventh century – should be considered as the manifestation of Islamic mysticism and Arabic literature in Persian poetry. Najm al-Din Razi was very interested in the rich reservoirs of Qur'an and Hadith; he applied hadiths narrated from Holy Prophet (Mohammad) and Imams in order to express his intentions. In addition to outlining his mystical learnings, he occasionally composed poems and placed them in the margins of subjects. Studying such poems shows that although these poems are moderate in terms of aesthetics, but the manifestation of Qur'an and hadith is evident in it. He was strongly influenced by Holy Quran and benefited greatly from the treasure of prophetic hadiths. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Belief in Divine Words and Purposeful life from Holy Quran’s Perspective
Hossein Moqaddas Javad KarkhanehIn the view of the divine worldview, the world and man are purposeful and move in a certain direction. The basis of creation is to reach the divine encounter and specific plans have been explained to achieve it. In this regard, the role of faith in divine promises in th MoreIn the view of the divine worldview, the world and man are purposeful and move in a certain direction. The basis of creation is to reach the divine encounter and specific plans have been explained to achieve it. In this regard, the role of faith in divine promises in the purposefulness and direction of the vision and way of life of human beings is one of the important issues that have been addressed in this research. In the importance and necessity of this, it must be acknowledged that after knowing the purpose of life, having the right motivation and life expectancy can play a significant role in human life. Belief in divine promises has an important strategic role in human life, which is mentioned in the Holy Qur'an and the narrations of the Ahl al-Bayt. In this research, while defining the purposefulness of creation, first to some important goals of human creation such as worship, benefiting from divine mercy and the necessity of divine grace, and then the Holy Quran look at divine promises and the role of faith and their important effectiveness in worldly life and The afterlife of man has been dealt with in a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - A comparative study of the principles of statecraft in the government of Al-Qarakhtiya and Al-Muzaffar(based on political and cultural affairs)
ali rahimi sadegh Jahanbakhsh Tahmasebi Iraj JalaliThe aim of the current research is a comparative study to identify the principles of statecraft in the rule based on political and cultural affairs. An analytical-historical approach was used for this research. The results of the research show the following: before th MoreThe aim of the current research is a comparative study to identify the principles of statecraft in the rule based on political and cultural affairs. An analytical-historical approach was used for this research. The results of the research show the following: before the formation of the local government, were considered to be part of the structure of previous governments such as the Ghaznavid dynasty, the Khwarizmshahs and the Ilkhanid state, and through their infiltration into the political structure of these governments,By imitating the political structure of the aforementioned governments, they had a political structure of the royal type based on tyranny and theoretically, their efforts to obtain the foundations of legitimacy can be considered within the framework of the Islamic monarchy and caliphate theory. Therefore, in this research, there is an attempt to identify the principles of statecraft in these two governments by relying on library documents and sources. The results of the research indicate that the two governments tried to maintain political and religious relations with the neighboring governments and the Abbasid caliphs in the political dimension and religious legitimacy of their government.From a cultural point of view, Kerman became one of the centers of science, literature and architecture after the establishment of the Karakhaites in relative security. With regard to the cultural performance of the Muzaffar family, we can mention the revival of the Iranian state, the revival of Islamic unity, and the laying of the foundations of the Shiite religion and its spread in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - The lights of the principles of religious reform according to Jamal al-Din al-Afghani in the poetry of Mohammed Ridha Al-Shabibi (comparative analytical vision)
Dana TalebpourThe influence of reformist thought during the crisis in Iraq in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries had a effect on justifying the ideas of the poets of this era. Among them is the name of Jamal Al-Din Afghani because of his prominent role in the contempor MoreThe influence of reformist thought during the crisis in Iraq in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries had a effect on justifying the ideas of the poets of this era. Among them is the name of Jamal Al-Din Afghani because of his prominent role in the contemporary literary movement and the justification of the ideas of leading poets, including; Mohammed Ridha Al-Shabibi shines and the necessity and importance of the discussion is in this point. Among them is the name of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, because of his prominent role in the contemporary literary movement and the justification of the ideas of leading poets, including; Mohammed Ridha Al-Shabibi shines and the necessity and importance of the discussion is in this point. In this article, in order to explain the effects of this influence, the reflection of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani correction axes on Shabibi's poems was studied. The method of this research is analytical-comparative and in the end some results were obtained: Islamic countries must be cautious in their interaction with the West and its progressive civilization, and adopt things that lead to their progress. They denounce various forms of religious, national, and tribal prejudice and shout at stagnation and imitation, which has closed the way to progress. In their view, all issues of human life are under the control of the divine will and the power of judgment and predestination. Undoubtedly, their influence on the Holy Quran and Islamics missions is one of the most important pillars in their thoughts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - Bon Semantic School in its historical course and analysis of its principles based on Izutsu's opinions and its application in the Holy Quran
Raja Abo ali Ehya KomasiEach linguistic and semantic school appears to study theory with linguistic concepts and takes curricula to address the language. The Bonn Semantic School is based on linguistic relativistic theory, which believes that language influences the production of thought by la MoreEach linguistic and semantic school appears to study theory with linguistic concepts and takes curricula to address the language. The Bonn Semantic School is based on linguistic relativistic theory, which believes that language influences the production of thought by language speakers. Although this theory is distinguished by linguistic concepts and approaches to treating the text and has been influenced by other linguistic trends, it is not as famous as other theories. “Izutsu” was the first to implement this theory in the Noble Qur’an; The importance of re-reading the Bonn Semantic School idea and analyzing its principles and how to employ it at "Izutsu" prompted us to search for this topic and treat it with a descriptive _ analytical approach, taking the concept of moral relationship between God and man as the research sample. The aim of the research is to shed light on the main principles that are considered as the keys to every linguistic researcher who wants to address the text based on this theory. One of the most important results that we obtained is that the semantical school Bonn is distinguished by the study of the national or collective mind and in this respect differs from other schools that are interested in the study of the individual mind as the epistemological theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - بررسی هیستوپاتولوژی علائم تحت بالینی بیماری بورسیت عفونی در ارگان بورس جوجهها از دو مزرعه پرورش جوجه گوشتی در ایلام
ابراهیم بابااحمدی سلمان سلطانی -
Open Access Article
205 - شناسایی و توکسینزایی گونههای قارچ آسپرژِیلوس روی جیرة غذایی طیور در شهرستان خرم آباد
رضا درویش نیا مصطفی درویش نیا یونس چنکایی -
Open Access Article
206 - جستجوی ویروس بلوتانگ در شترهای یک کوهانهی کشتار شده در نجفآباد (مرکز ایران) با روش RT-PCR
محمدرضا محزونیه مهدی سلیمی عارفه گلستان فر سید محمد علی حسینی نسب -
Open Access Article
207 - تاثیر انتخاب زمان واکسیناسیون با واکسن Avinew به روش قطره چشمی بر تحریک ایمنی خونی با آزمون ممانعت از هماگلوتیناسیون(HI)
عبدالمجید شیخی هادی حق بین نظر پاک نریمان شیخی -
Open Access Article
208 - بررسی رابطه سبک های رهبری تحول آفرین، تبادلی و عدم مداخله با گرایش به تغییر مدیران دانشگاهی
نقی رعدی افسوران سعید رجایی پور حمید بیدرام بهزاد قاسمی -
Open Access Article
209 - رابطه سبکهای رهبری با خرد سازمانی کارکنان آموزش و پرورش استان مرکزی
امیر نویدی بهزاد شوقی مرتضی عسگرانی محمد رنجبری -
Open Access Article
210 - شناسایی امکانات توانمندسازی روستائیان، سه روستای کردآباد، ویان و طاهرلو کبودرآهنگ در زمینه اشتغال
داود عباسی مسعود مهدوی حاجیلویی رحیم سرور پرویز کردوانی -
Open Access Article
211 - تاثیر عوامل مشارکت اجتماعی شهروندان و گردشگران به منظور حفاظت از محیط زیست در شهرهای ساحلی ( مطالعه موردی شهر محمود آباد )
ناصر فتاحی لیلا ابراهیمی جمنانی آمنه حق زاد کیا بزرگمهر -
Open Access Article
212 - نقش شهرکهای صنعتی در توسعه شهرهای کوچک با نگاهی بر تأثیر شهرک صنعتی شمسآباد بر شهر حسن آبادفشافویه
منصوره تاری وردی پروانه زیویار بهمن کارگر -
Open Access Article
213 - سنجش میزان هماهنگی مدیریتی شهر جدید فولادشهر با سکونتگاه های پیرامون
ایرج خسروی حاجی وند احمد خادم الحسینی حمید صابری مهدی مومنی -
Open Access Article
214 - رابطه اشتغالزایی ناشی از فعالیتهای دامداری و ابعاد مختلف توسعه روستایی در دهستان رستم آباد شمالی رودبار
ناصر رحمن نیا تهمینه دانیالی سیمین ارمغان -
Open Access Article
215 - تحلیل تغییرات ژئومرفولوژیک- انسانی منابع ماسه و گردوغبار (مطالعه موردی: ارگ دامغان)
ناصر مشهدی مجید کریم پور ریحان -
Open Access Article
216 - ارزیابی اثرات توسعه گردشگری بر کاهش میزان فقر و توانمندسازی اقتصادی، مطالعه موردی روستاهای شهرستان پارس آباد معان
بهروز محمدی یگانه مهدی چراغی ثریا نصیری -
Open Access Article
217 - بررسی و تحلیل مهاجرتهای روستایی و ارتباط آن با شکلگیری مشاغل غیررسمی با تأکید بر ابعاد اقتصادی پژوهش موردی: محله محمدآباد شهر قرچک
زهرا کولیوند محمد سلمانی مقدم مهدی زنگنه -
Open Access Article
218 - باز آفرینی شهری با تاکید بر بهسازی و توانمندسازی سکونتگاههای غیر رسمی در کلانشهرها کیس مورد مطالعه: شمس آباد تبریز
امیر جاهد بشیر بیگ بابایی کریم حسین زاده دلیر -
Open Access Article
219 - اهمیت دره خرم آباد در توسعه پایدار گردشگری با رویکرد فراهم نمودن زمینه ثبت در میراث جهانی
مریم بیرانوندزاده سیامک شرفی نوبخت سبحانی -
Open Access Article
220 - ارزیابی رضایت مندی از شاخص های توانمندسازی سکونتگاه های غیررسمی با تأکید بر مسائل اجتماعی و اقتصادی (نمونه موردی: محله خلیل آباد تبریز)
علی اسکوئی ارس فریدون بابائی اقدم -
Open Access Article
221 - تحلیلی بر اولویتبندی وضعیت چرخه حیات در مناطق نمونه گردشگری مورد مطالعه: قطب گردشگری اسلام آباد غرب
غلامرضا نوری زهرا تقی زاده معصومه امانی بختیاروند -
Open Access Article
222 - نقش عوامل محیطی بر تخریب محوطههای باستانی (مطالعه موردی محوطههای باستانی دهستان سر فیروزآباد استان کرمانشاه)
اردوان بهزاد بهزاد فزونی عزت اله میرزائی -
Open Access Article
223 - اسکان غیررسمی چالشی فراروی مدیریت شهری: نمونه موردی محله فلک الدین شهر خرم آباد
سعید تقوی گودرزی مریم بیرانوندزاده محمد فتحی بیرانوند -
Open Access Article
224 - تحلیل پایداری محلات شهری بر مبنای شاخص های توسعه پایدار (نمونه موردی شهر مهاباد)
ادریس پروزن زینب کرکه آبادی عباس ارغان -
Open Access Article
225 - کاربرد مدل "تحلیل شکاف" در بررسی نقاط قوت و ضعف مؤلفههای سرمایه اجتماعی در محلات شهری در راستای برنامهریزی سیستمی در فضاهای شهری (نمونه موردی محلات کیانپارس و لشکرآباد اهواز)
بابک محمدی آوندی آزیتا رجبی ناصر اقبالی -
Open Access Article
226 - ارزیابی نقش زنان روستایی در صنایع دستی و ارتقاء توسعهی پایدار روستایی (مطالعهی موردی جوادآباد ورامین)
نصراله فلاح تبار -
Open Access Article
227 - تحلیل فراوانی سرعت و جهت باد و نقش آن در برنامهریزی منطقهای استان فارس
راضیه دهقانی امیر گندمکار سعید اسلامیان حسنعلی غیور نجفآبادی رضا مدرس -
Open Access Article
228 - بررسی عوامل موثر بر موفقیت تعاونیهای تولید روستایی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان پارسآباد)
وکیل حیدری ساربان -
Open Access Article
229 - تبیین جایگاه مهاجرت معکوس در بازساخت روستاهای شمال استان اردبیل
اسماعیل ابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
230 - جغرافیای گردشگری شهرستان خرمآباد و نقش یادمانهای تاریخی در توسعه آن
پروانه زیویار سمیه تیموری -
Open Access Article
231 - گردشگری روستایی به عنوان مدلی برای توسعه روستایی (مطالعه موردی شهرستان گرمسار)
اسماعیل ابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
232 - ارزیابی نقش و تاثیر توسعهی فضای کسب و کار کارآفرینی گردشگری در جهت دستیابی به توسعه پایدار روستایی (نمونه موردی: دهستان استرآباد جنوبی در شهرستان گرگان)
ابوطالب کاویانی بیژن رحمانی محمد تقی رضویان عباس علیپور نخی -
Open Access Article
233 - تحلیل و بررسی چالشهای بازارچههای مرزی در ایران: مطالعه موردی بازارچههای مرزی استان بوشهر
عبدالرسول افراسیابی -
Open Access Article
234 - برنامهریزی راهبردی اثرات مجتمع مجتمع چادرملو بر سکونتگاههای شهرستان بهاباد
Mirabolghasemi i Bahabad Hasan Beik Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein Ramesht -
Open Access Article
235 - تحلیل و بررسی نقش منابع گردشگری در توسعه پایدار گردشگری شهر حیدرآباد هند
محمد رضا نیتی -
Open Access Article
236 - بررسی اثر اسیدسالیسیلیک و اسیدهیومیک بر خصوصیات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و فیتوشیمیایی بادرنجبویه(Melissa officinalis)
ناصر سادات -
Open Access Article
237 - مطالعه تاثیر قارچ مایکوریزا و سطوح مختلف اسید هیومیک و اسید سالیسیلیک بر شاخصهای رشدی و میزان اسانس سه رقم گیاه بادرنجبویه (Melissa Officinalis L.)
مهدی حمزه محمدابادی علیرضا لادن مقدم الهام دانائی وحید عبدوسی -
Open Access Article
238 - اثر تنش خشکی و شوری بر جوانه زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه بادرشبو (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) تحت شرایط پیش تیمار با سالسیلیک اسید
عزت اله حسن پور -
Open Access Article
239 - Rising Sun of Moonlit Nights according to Worship Jurisprudence of Imam Khomeini (RA)
علی شیرخانیKhomeini (RA) Abstract During moonlit nights, the horizontally widespread brilliance of dawn is not revealed for minutes thanks to the moon and existing illumination seen in the horizon; this goes in such a way that if there was no moon in the horizon, the widespread li MoreKhomeini (RA) Abstract During moonlit nights, the horizontally widespread brilliance of dawn is not revealed for minutes thanks to the moon and existing illumination seen in the horizon; this goes in such a way that if there was no moon in the horizon, the widespread light had to be seen in the shape of a tiny line. Since the sun approaches its rise instantly, it gives birth to this light; but due to presence of moon and luminous horizon, the widespread light of dawn is visible after about 20 minutes of delay. At dawn during moonlit nights if dawn is the beginning, though dawn is not seen due to strong appearance of moon and it has risen in destined dawn or that present dawn is the start seen with unarmed eyes across the horizon, although it has risen in destined dawn. Of course, the second idea demands a 20-minute delay. The noted jurisprudents approved of the first idea believing that there is a difference between non-moonlit nights and moonlit nights, but Imam Khomeini (ra) believes that the dawn light needs to be seen in the moonlit nights and the measure lies not within its actual and destined appearance; therefore, minutes have to be waited and after increased dawn light is possibly observed, morning prayer service needs to be upheld. Keywords: Dawn, Present Dawn, Destined Dawn, Moonlit Nights and Worship Jurisprudence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - Evaluation of serum IgM anti-phosphatidyl choline antibody level in Boo Ali hospital referred Tuberculosis patients in Zahedan
Abbasali Niazi Fateme Kourkinejad Gharaei Nezarali Moulaei Setare Azizi Zahra Kourkinejad GharaeiBackground and purpose: Tuberculosis is diseases which has been threatening man’s health. It is estimated that every 4 seconds one person is infected and every 10 seconds one person dies by TB worldwide. The objective of this study is comparing the level of Anti p MoreBackground and purpose: Tuberculosis is diseases which has been threatening man’s health. It is estimated that every 4 seconds one person is infected and every 10 seconds one person dies by TB worldwide. The objective of this study is comparing the level of Anti phosphatidyl choline in blood before and during the treatment of an infected person in order to monitor the treatment. Materials and methods: In this study, the infected people who were transferred to Zahedan’s Bou’ali hospital in 1391 and 1392 and whose diseases were confirmed were taken under observation before and after the treatment. existence or lack of cavity was determined and blood was taken from the patients in order to measure the IgM of Anti phosphatidyl choline. After 2 months, the steps mentioned above were repeated and changes was specified, allays machine and the kit bought from Generic Assey company, were used for measuring the level of IgM in Anti phosphatidyl choline and the achieved data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The number of patients was 76. All the patients were esmir positive at the beginning of the test. After the treatment the esmir in 71 patients (93.42%) was negative (P< 0.0001). 67.1% of them had lung cavity. Conclusion:Considering the result of this study, using the IgM of Anti phosphatidyl choline can be taken advantage for following the response to the patients’ treatment, even for the patients with cavity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - Application of paradigm archetypes in Astarabadi's Happiness Letter and Tarshizi Letter Letter based on Jung
Zeinab Norouzali Ahmad Khatini Khiyali Ali Asqhar HalabiThe present article is an attempt to find an ancient paradigm in the Court of Saadatnameh of Astarabadi and Saghinameh Tarshizi. Archaeologists are a treasure trove of collective psyche and thought that emerges, regardless of tradition, wherever and whenever, and becaus MoreThe present article is an attempt to find an ancient paradigm in the Court of Saadatnameh of Astarabadi and Saghinameh Tarshizi. Archaeologists are a treasure trove of collective psyche and thought that emerges, regardless of tradition, wherever and whenever, and because of the abundance of human experience, the number of archetypes cannot be determined. Since archetypes express certain psychological states of human beings, their specific psychological and worldview features of poets can be achieved by interpreting them in poems. Examples of Jungian personality models include the model mother, Anima-Animus, Shadow, Persona, and herself. Jung considers these concepts to be inherited structural components of the human psyche. Moving from me to myself requires the development of different layers of the subconscious that we will address in this article. Saghi's letter of emergence of Tarshizi and Saadatnameh of Nizamuddin Astarabadi are among the works that have not been sufficiently researched and many of their ammunition have been hidden. Therefore, by extracting the ancient pattern of examples in these two works, we can help to interpret the verses. This article has been evaluated with the aim of comparative study of proverbs in two poetry collections; and it aims to answer the questions raised. Did Astarabadi and Tarshizi use all the ancient concepts of parables in the works in question? And which of the concepts of exemplary forms (Persona, anima, animus, shadow, self, material mother) has the highest and lowest frequency in Astarabadi and Tarshizi poems? After extracting the archetype of exemplary forms in both courts, it was concluded that both poets used all the concepts of archetype in their work. Shadow and Anima have the highest frequency in Saadatnameh and Saqinameh, and Animos has the lowest frequency in both works. The proposed result is expressed in a library-analytical-descriptive manner. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Investigating the Elements of Linked Cohesion and Its Relation to Meaning in the Story of Adam's Creation in Mersad Al-Ebad
Parvin Golizadeh Rezvan FatemiCoherence is a linguistic term for the text, coined in 1976 by McHaleidi and Ruqiyyah Hassan. Text for consistency requires elements, one of which is relational or conjunctive devices that make vocabulary and conjunction interlocking, especially text sentences.Every lit MoreCoherence is a linguistic term for the text, coined in 1976 by McHaleidi and Ruqiyyah Hassan. Text for consistency requires elements, one of which is relational or conjunctive devices that make vocabulary and conjunction interlocking, especially text sentences.Every literary text takes advantage of these elements and its function is based on a particular way of dealing with the subject under discussion. In this study, we examine these devices among the sentences of Adam's creation story in Morsad al-Abad in four types of incremental, oppositional, causal, and temporal relevance factors. By examining the related species, it was concluded that the function of enhancing and causative factors is more than other transplanting factors. The explanatory factor is most commonly used, which can be influenced by the subject under discussion, which is the description and description of Adam's creation story. Because this text narrates a mystical story for mysticism and mysticism enthusiasts, it must therefore use incremental or incremental factors to better portray the story and to effectively convey this mystical romance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - The Analysis of the Novel Naked in the Wind by Ahmad Shakeri In the Light of Carl Yung’s Archetyes
Zahra Motiee Fateme HeydariOne of the approaches of contemporary literary criticism that has been considered by researchers is psychological criticism. Archetypes, which are the collective unconscious content, can be analyzed in human personality as a legacy of the past. By balancing the four arc MoreOne of the approaches of contemporary literary criticism that has been considered by researchers is psychological criticism. Archetypes, which are the collective unconscious content, can be analyzed in human personality as a legacy of the past. By balancing the four archetypes of mask, shadow, anima, animus in oneself, one can express one's true "self" and reach individuality. This article examines the archetypes in Ahmad Shakeri's novel Naked in the Wind based on Jung's theories through an analytical-descriptive method. This novel is one of the novels in the field of sacred defense literature that tells the story of a teenager from the village of "Kanichao" and reveals the secret of the martyrs of Borhani hill after many years. This research, in accordance with the conditions of the story, provides the background for the representation of the mentioned archetypes and shows that in the novel, due to the presence of negative characters, shadow archetypes and masks have a great effect and have darkened the story’ space. With the efforts of the main character of the novel - Yusuf - the shadows and masks are removed one after another and the reality becomes clear to the people. The insistence on negative aspects has not provided the ground for the expression of the real "self" of the characters in the story and has only revealed their nature to the people. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - Marzban-Name Reading based on Peter Blau’s Exchange Theory
Khadijeh Mahmoudi Hossein Mansoorian Sorkhgarieh Hossein ParsaeiPeter Blau, as one of the exchange theory theorists, tried to develop a theory integrating behaviorism ad realism. Blau’s goal was to understand the social culture based on the social processes ruling the relations between individuals and groups. Blau stressed the MorePeter Blau, as one of the exchange theory theorists, tried to develop a theory integrating behaviorism ad realism. Blau’s goal was to understand the social culture based on the social processes ruling the relations between individuals and groups. Blau stressed the exchange process as he assumed it directs human behaviors more and dominates the relationships among human beings and those of the groups. Analyzing the authors’ works in every period and in every nation suggests their attitude and mindset about the environments surrounding them and the social, political, economic issues and ... . The present study performed by descriptive-analytical method and based on the library references, the fables and stories of Marzban-Name viewed as one of the social classical literature fictions, will be analyzed via the perspective of Blau’s social exchange theory so that to be able to answer this question as to “Through what process of social exchanges the fictional characters in the two groups called the peasant and the king direct their behavior against each other in their work? “The results indicate that as the author of this fiction believes, various images emerge from the characters’ social behavior as the people of a society where the exchange structure has organized them; some powerful systems, though visible at an individual level, beyond which there is a robust hidden structure displaying itself in the exchange process among the society members. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Check stylistic features of Dor-Sokhan gheyas
Mohammad Hossein Karami Mohammad Reza TaghiehDor-Sokhan trace is mixed to order that's in the eighth century Ah by gheyas al-Din Bahrabadi e-Hamouie to Golestan Sa'di has been writing emulation of this effect, between the years Of the 739-750 e. Ah, that eighty-three and ninety-four years after the Golestan Sa'di, MoreDor-Sokhan trace is mixed to order that's in the eighth century Ah by gheyas al-Din Bahrabadi e-Hamouie to Golestan Sa'di has been writing emulation of this effect, between the years Of the 739-750 e. Ah, that eighty-three and ninety-four years after the Golestan Sa'di, and writing in the same style, can be written to after effects Nozhat al-Arvah e-Amiri Hosseini in the 711, Rozeh e-Khold in the 733 and in 735 and Negarestan e-Joveyni it published the fourth effect written duplication of Golestan historically know. Although the book, be equal with the words of fine Sa'di, but traces of baked, deliberate, beautiful, simple and useful. This article is a short introduction on the way the author and his book, the characteristics of the effect of light Dor-Sokhan review gheyas. first, it means that the author of "Aboalfatouh gheyas Hamouie", for pseudonym, Dor-Sokhan gheyas" and the book and the information is lost. Read the article, "Dor-Sokhan gheyas" style features, investigated. Since the text of the book is educational, moral and spiritual, mental and simple manner, sometimes with the attitude and balancing and verbal and sensible industry is adorned and unknown vocabulary-difficult and it has been handled. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - Shahrokh-Nameh: Epic or lyrical poems?
Elham Shirazi MohammadHosein KaramiShahrokh-Nameh is an epic-historical poems of the poet of the 10th century AH Mirza Muhammad Qasemi Gonabadi. The topic of this Masnavi is about of conquests, Justice, journeys, honesty, goodness and braveries of Shahrokh, the the ruler of the Timurid Empire from c MoreShahrokh-Nameh is an epic-historical poems of the poet of the 10th century AH Mirza Muhammad Qasemi Gonabadi. The topic of this Masnavi is about of conquests, Justice, journeys, honesty, goodness and braveries of Shahrokh, the the ruler of the Timurid Empire from coronation to death. In this manuscript, beside a brief introduction of the poet, the stylistic features of his poems are explained at three levels of linguistic, literary and intellectual in a layered manner. By reviewing the poems, in addition to the epic themes, it appears that many of the verses are different from the epic atmosphere of the poems. Therefore, this is a martial and festive work which the existence of beautiful idols in battle scenes and even bringing SĀQI-NĀMA at the end of each topic has made this feature even more prominent. Qassemi has created a new style of saga. By carefully examining the issues and events of the stories, the authors reached the point that Shahrokh-Nameh is a combination of epic, history and lyric. Qasemi's lexical games indicate his dominance of vocabulary, metre and rhythm in poetry. Qasemi's imagery depicts his skill in imagination and meaning and to the fullest extent; it is the use of words, expressions and lyrical images to express epic adventures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - The Analysis of Modernism Elements in Mahmud Dawlatabadi s Kelidar
alirezam onajati seyed Ahmad Hosseini Kazerooni Shamsolhajiyeh ArdalaniFiction which is the product of modernism in turn, has taken a role in reflecting the experience of contrast between tradition and modernity. This research centerpiece is the analysis of modern concepts reflected in Kelidar. Although Kelidar is a local story happened in MoreFiction which is the product of modernism in turn, has taken a role in reflecting the experience of contrast between tradition and modernity. This research centerpiece is the analysis of modern concepts reflected in Kelidar. Although Kelidar is a local story happened in rural locations, but, due to its story and adventures, especially affected by that time social and political events(1946-1948), as like as the inflamed political atmosphere in Iran after the second world war, it can be said that some modernity elements like change and transformation, critical approach to issues, fundamental thoughts, philosophical and anthropological theories, in contrast between tradition and modernity are reflected. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Analysis and interpretation of the hero's mythology in Kelidar Dowlatābādi , based on Joseph Campbell's theory
Reyhane Faramarzi Kaffash Ali Eshghi Sardehi hasan Delbari Abolqasem AmirahmadiThe myth is the result of thought and belief of mankind and one of the main elements of the construct of the culture and identity of nations. American mythologist, Joseph Campbell presents a similar pattern and structure for all myths of the world. The current paper, us MoreThe myth is the result of thought and belief of mankind and one of the main elements of the construct of the culture and identity of nations. American mythologist, Joseph Campbell presents a similar pattern and structure for all myths of the world. The current paper, using a descriptive, analytical and overview based on Campbell's model, concludes that the the Great Persian novel. Kelidar has a structural epic infrastructure similar to that of the other novels heroic all around the world. A pattern based on which Gol Mohammad, the champion of Kelidar is a human hero who was born again, and departure, initiation and return the level of intuition, perception of sanctity following his own way, approaching the myth heroic status. Dowlatābādi has used myth heroic capacity in narration and structural cohesion as well as creation of new meanings in behavior such as refusal of invitation. Given the type of myth heroic function in Kelidar, it can be said that the work has gone through a superficial approach to the past myths, and has regained and rebuilt them, and has been able to present a time-consistent pattern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - A Comparative Study of the Lives and Works of Mahmoud Dolatabadi and Yousef Edris
ghasem mokhtarikjklkjkl Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - investigation on joint themes of funetion and purpose of breeze(saba)in poetical of hafez and ibn e arabi
farhad divsalar mahri mokhtari -
Open Access Article
251 - Analysis and interpretation of clothing functions in Kelidar's novel
Reyhane Faramarzi Kaffash Ali Eshghi Sardehi hasan Delbari abolghasem AmirAhmadiThe novel Keller is written by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi. This novel contains historical, social and epic themes. One of the most commonly used ways of expressing the material of the novel is the use of clothing and its relationships .The present article seeks out what the ro MoreThe novel Keller is written by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi. This novel contains historical, social and epic themes. One of the most commonly used ways of expressing the material of the novel is the use of clothing and its relationships .The present article seeks out what the role of clothing is in indirect and secret expression of the themes of the novel Keller and what functions can be considered for it. To answer the research question, it has been examined in a descriptive and analytical way based on the librarian's methodology. In the first article, a brief introduction of the ethnic folk clothing and local Sabzevar has been pointed out; then the clothing and its relation in the khorasan from the perspective of the rhetorical and narrative elements have been examined. In the end, it is concluded that Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, draw up the various functions of clothing and its relations with the social foundation, has plotted the history of the past and the historical events of the past in various social and individual situations using the abilities of language and rhetorical arts and the elements of fiction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
252 - Investigation of The Effects of Religious Attitude on the Rate of Consensual and Non-Consensual Divorce of Couples in Abadeh"
Marzieh Heydari zahra YousefiThe difference in the rate of consensual and non-consensual divorce, as well as the effectiveness of various indicators, especially religious attitudes, is one of the important issues that has been paid attention to in the last few years. Divorce was consensual and non- MoreThe difference in the rate of consensual and non-consensual divorce, as well as the effectiveness of various indicators, especially religious attitudes, is one of the important issues that has been paid attention to in the last few years. Divorce was consensual and non-consensual of the couple. The research method was causal-comparative and the statistical population consisted of 30 couples applying for a consensual divorce and 30 couples applying for a non-consensual divorce referring to family courts and family counseling centers in Abadeh city, of which 15 couples applied for a consensual divorce and 15 couples applied for a non-consensual divorce with a purposive sampling method. were chosen. In order to collect information, the 15-item religious attitudes questionnaire of Khodayari Fard et al. (2013) was used with 2 dimensions of emphasizing the role of religion and diminishing the role of religion in life. The content validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed by a number of professors of educational sciences and the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To analyze the required data, the mean test of two independent populations was used using SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that there was a significant difference between consensual and non-consensual divorce couples in religious attitudes, including increasing the role of religion and decreasing the role of religion. Keywords: religious attitude, consensual divorce rate, non-consensual divorce rate, couples, abadeh city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - Investigation of The Effects of Religious Attitude on the Rate of Consensual and Non-Consensual Divorce of Couples in Abadeh"
Zahra Yousefi Marzieh Heydari The difference in the rate of consensual and non-consensual divorce, as well as the effectiveness of various indicators, especially religious attitudes, are important issues that have been paid attention to in recent years. In this regard, the purpose of this re More The difference in the rate of consensual and non-consensual divorce, as well as the effectiveness of various indicators, especially religious attitudes, are important issues that have been paid attention to in recent years. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of religious attitudes on the rate of divorce. It was consensual and non-consensual. The research method was causal-comparative and the statistical population included couples applying for consensual divorce and non-consensual divorce referring to family courts and family counseling centers in Abadah city, 15 couples applying for consensual divorce and 15 couples applying for non-consensual divorce were selected by targeted sampling. The tool used to collect the required information was the 15-item religious attitudes questionnaire of Khodayari Fard et al. (2013) with 2 dimensions of emphasizing the role of religion and diminishing the role of religion in life. The content validity of the questionnaire was checked and confirmed by a number of professors of educational sciences and the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To analyze the required data, the mean test of two independent populations was used using SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that there was a significant difference between consensual and non-consensual divorce couples in religious attitudes, including increasing the role of religion and decreasing the role of religion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Romantic and Parnassistic rhethoric bases of image in Arabic poetry
Majid Salehbek Muhammad Hadi Moradi Naser MisaghiToday there are various definitions of the 'image'. The most general concept of it as Day Lewis says: 'is a painting resulted from words or is an effort for linguistic show of experience as artistic form. Poet's success in artistic expression and creative application of MoreToday there are various definitions of the 'image'. The most general concept of it as Day Lewis says: 'is a painting resulted from words or is an effort for linguistic show of experience as artistic form. Poet's success in artistic expression and creative application of language is termed rhethoric. Accurate reflection of reality without interference of imagination can weaken or destroy rhethoric. So, literary schools insist on the necessity of taking into account image constituents and they formulated it according to certain philosophical principles. By such looking, it is obvious that the difference between the attitudes of literary schools depends on the difference between their related philosophical bases. The two schools of parnassism and romanticism are also have totally opposite views to the art of poetic constituents because of the difference between their interested philosophical bases. Thus, the present article seeks to study fundamental bases of image rhethoric from the view point of these two schools, and deal with the preparatory causes of this confrontation. Then seeks to explain manifestations of this contrast. The most important achievement of the article is that the most remarkable features reflect in the attention to or ignorance of the individuality, to serve the beuty as device or target, and the way of encounter with the nature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - A Comparative Study of Directional Conceptual Metaphors in the Works of Mahmoud Dolatabadi and Yousef Idris
Mehran Gholamalizadeh Alireza Mohammad Rezaei Sadegh Fathi Dehkordi(Based on the theory of conceptual metaphors by George Likoff and Mark Johnson)Contemporary achievements of linguistics indicate that language, in addition to conveying referential themes, reflects cognitive themes and induces mental themes. Based on this, cognitive sem More(Based on the theory of conceptual metaphors by George Likoff and Mark Johnson)Contemporary achievements of linguistics indicate that language, in addition to conveying referential themes, reflects cognitive themes and induces mental themes. Based on this, cognitive semantists have conducted studies in this field and have proposed theories that can be referred to the theory of conceptual metaphors of George Lycoff and Mark Johnson. The present article has been written with the aim of comparatively examining the conceptual metaphor of direction in the first three volumes of Mahmoud Dolatabadi's key novel and the four novels (Al-Bayda, Al-Askari Al-Aswad, Al-Haram and Al-Aib) by Yusuf Idris. The research method is comparative and data collection, which is based on the American school in the comparison and analysis of data. Analysis of 125 examples of conceptual metaphors of direction in the form of 23 mapping names, which were extracted from the aforementioned works of two writers, concluded that the similarities between conceptual metaphors based on human understanding of "direction" between the two languages are far greater than There are differences. On the other hand, the differences between the two writers indicate the influence of culture on the construction of conceptual metaphors. According to Likoff and Johnson's views on the foundations of directional conceptual metaphors, frequencies indicate that in the works of the two writers, conceptualizations are based on top-down spatial orientations, mostly on a physical basis, and in other directions, conceptualizations. Also on a physical basis; Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Pastoral Literature in Al-Sharqawi 's Novel The Earth(AL-Arz)and Dowlatabadi's Kaleidar
Reza Nazemian Payam KarimiVillage is among most important subjects which most writers have referred to in their books. There is purity, intimacy and original environment not being polluted by city in the village as there is such oppression and cruelty in it that corrupts its face. We can find fe MoreVillage is among most important subjects which most writers have referred to in their books. There is purity, intimacy and original environment not being polluted by city in the village as there is such oppression and cruelty in it that corrupts its face. We can find few writers or poets who have not spoken about the village and its oppression or beautiful and original nature. Romantics portray magical beauty and effects of the village as singing birds and very tall trees while Realists show the oppression existing there and describe farmer's miserable life who spend most of their time working on the farm so that they can mention awkwardness and injustices. In this paper, pastoral literature in Iran and Egypt has been discussed and we have compared two novels that is "Al-Arz" by Abd Al-Rahman Al-Sharqawi and Kaleidar by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi and their similarities and differences have been mentioned here. Having invested these novels we concluded that Kaleidar by Dowlatabadi is in highest degree of novelty and technical beauties. Although Al-Sharqawi’s novel, Al-Arz, is a masterpiece in Egyptian literature, we can state without exaggeration that it is not comparable to Kaleidar linguistically and semantically because creator of this novel has written his masterpiece far from ideological tendencies. In addition its language is of highest level in innovation and stability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
257 - Phonemic Communication in Beyzavi's Writing
Mohammad Hadi Moradi Farid Ghaderi It stands to reason that modern linguistics has gone through an immense development at diverse linguistic levels. However, such developments have often happened in the systematic dimension of the current linguistic enterprises, as the preceding scholars hav More It stands to reason that modern linguistics has gone through an immense development at diverse linguistic levels. However, such developments have often happened in the systematic dimension of the current linguistic enterprises, as the preceding scholars have not been less familiar with the origins and principles of the field than the contemporary linguists do. The present paper concerns itself with investigating the ideas of Abdullah Ibn omar Beyzavi, a preceding scholar whose ideas have been introduced in his popular interpretation of a linguistic phenomenon, called "phonemic communication", which is nowadays applied by the contemporary linguists to distinguish the linguist phones. The paper aims at giving insights into understanding the very fact that the literature and the intellectual heritage of the preceding scholars can be the base of the modern intellectual and academic endeavors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Optimization of random scheduling combining wind farm and storage pumps in the electricity market
Mehdi Parham Saeedullah MortazaviOne of the basic characteristics of wind energy is its many changes and prediction problems that can cause problems even in short-term power grid planning. One solution to this problem is to use a water storage pump that can compensate for the energy imbalance of a sys MoreOne of the basic characteristics of wind energy is its many changes and prediction problems that can cause problems even in short-term power grid planning. One solution to this problem is to use a water storage pump that can compensate for the energy imbalance of a system in the event of a shortage or increase in wind energy. In this paper, the optimization of wind farm and storage pump combination planning in the electricity market has been done. The optimization algorithm is modeled in two stages with random market prices and wind energy production. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed model in network planning to meet the needs of subscribers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Comparative comparison of the function of animal allegory in "Kalileh and Demneh", "Marzbannameh" and "Sandbadnameh"
Marjan Aliakbarzade zehtab Tahereh Mehri MalafjaniThe main problem of the current research is the comparison of the function of animal allegory in three educational works; Kalila and Demneh, Marzbannameh and Sandbadnameh are used to explain how each of the three works in question have used the allegory of animals in li MoreThe main problem of the current research is the comparison of the function of animal allegory in three educational works; Kalila and Demneh, Marzbannameh and Sandbadnameh are used to explain how each of the three works in question have used the allegory of animals in line with their specific goals. The value of this research is due to the literary importance of allegory and also the valuable literary position of the three works in question in the field of educational literature. The most important questions in front of it are; In the three considered works, which functions are considered for animal allegory? What are the similarities and differences between these functions? This research was written with library tools and in a descriptive-analytical method, and it was provided by examining examples of stories with allegory of animals from all three mentioned books. The research findings show that; The authors of all three mentioned books have revealed complex meanings and expressed moral virtues and vices by using the allegory of animals. The function of allegory in Kalileh and Demneh relies more on the balance of power and is often political, social and moral, but the function of allegory in Marzbannameh is more moral, social and political, and in Sandbadnameh, by using allegory based on the beliefs of that time, it deals with the tricks of women. It is moral, social and cultural. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - Narrative time in proverb masnavi jallal and jamal of nazlabadi according to Gerard Genette,s theory
Roghayeh Noormohammadi abdolhosein farzadTime in narrative is one of important topies and bas ic components in creation story which is taken into consideration by different narratologists in recent decades. By examining time, we can realize the importance of an event in the writer,s opinion to achieve his goal MoreTime in narrative is one of important topies and bas ic components in creation story which is taken into consideration by different narratologists in recent decades. By examining time, we can realize the importance of an event in the writer,s opinion to achieve his goal. Among these, Gerard Genettes vole, French structuralism, ln the development thory of narrative time as one of the most important advancement components in the narrative is very significant. Genette proposes his narrative time theory in three concepts:order,duration and frequency. The romantic Masnavi jamal and jallal nazlabadi Unknown poet in the ninth century- has well used the concept if time and sometimes he disturbs the sequence of liner time to make the text,turmoil and he goes back with a flashback and Sometimes he looks briefty to the future and returns to the main text again-the author has generally used positive acceleration process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - Study of the allegory and its variants in the mystical system of Sierra El-E'lamad Sana'i
Ramin Sadeghinejad maryam mohammadzadehAllegory is one of the most important elements in storytelling and the best way to express mystical and philosophical issues and is one of the effective ways in understanding the audience. The study of the Masnavi of the Qur'a al-'Abad al-Mā'ād of Sana'ī Ghaznavi shows MoreAllegory is one of the most important elements in storytelling and the best way to express mystical and philosophical issues and is one of the effective ways in understanding the audience. The study of the Masnavi of the Qur'a al-'Abad al-Mā'ād of Sana'ī Ghaznavi shows that the senate of the element of the allegory has gained a lot of value. The main question of this article is that the Senate has benefited more from what kind of allegory is used to express its educational issues and intentions? This article deals with the descriptive-analytic method to study its allegory and its variants in this work. Senate in this poem, by introducing an archetype of allegory into the field of the expression of mystical and philosophical issues, while also facilitating the understanding of philosophical and mystical problems and making the audience into thinking in creation and creation, has created a novel and far from vulgarity. Findings of the research show that literary allegories on the works of the Qur'an and especially the Israelis are the most used form of parable in this mystical-philosophical work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - The role of allegory in expressing the philosophy of some acts of worship and Mustahabs in "Ma'aref" [a book written by] Baha-e-Walad
Fariba Sharifi Mal amiri maryam bolouri Sharzad NiyaziAllegory is one of the measures of rhetoric in conveying rational concepts. Baha-e-Walad in Ma'aref was able to turn simple prose into poetic prose by using this illustrative element. In this research, in an analytic-library method, we investigate the role allegory in c MoreAllegory is one of the measures of rhetoric in conveying rational concepts. Baha-e-Walad in Ma'aref was able to turn simple prose into poetic prose by using this illustrative element. In this research, in an analytic-library method, we investigate the role allegory in clarifying the philosophy of some acts of worship, such as prayer, fasting …and also, dhikrs and mustahabs in Ma'aref book, and we have also followed the same themes in books such as Kashfah al-Mahjoub, Fih-e-Mafih, Kimiay-e-Sa'adat, and Mersad al-Ebad.The results show that "Ma'aref" considered prayer as the most important religious duty that consists of three parts: call to prayer, ablution and dhikrs of prayer and allegory is used most frequently about prayer and its etiquette in which 7 cases are about prayer and its dhikrs, 4 cases are about ablution and 1 case is about call of prayer. After the prayer, the Prevention of Vice is in the second place with 7 allegories. Hajj and fasting are equally in the third place with 3 allegories. The virtue of the month of Rajab also has a significant place for Baha-e-Walad who had used 7 allegories in introducing its value. It should be noted that the allegories in Ma'aref are all based on new sensory similes and are less clichéd. That is why allegories used by Baha-e-Walad , help his addressees to more enjoy understanding the religious Duties and Obligations without trying to force and making the addressee to understand. Allegory has little place in other mentioned books. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - The comparative of Allegorical characters in masnavi jalal & jama nazlabadi and lily&majnoon nezami
roghayeh noormohamadi abdolhosein farzadThe masnavi jalal and jamal composed by mohammad nazlabadi are almost allegorical, romances, which unlike the famous masnavi of lily and the majnon by nezami have remained almost unknown. in addition to the introduction of this poem, this study also explores and compare MoreThe masnavi jalal and jamal composed by mohammad nazlabadi are almost allegorical, romances, which unlike the famous masnavi of lily and the majnon by nezami have remained almost unknown. in addition to the introduction of this poem, this study also explores and compares the allegorical characters of this story with the story of lily and majnoon and it has become possible to know in which of the two poems most of the allegorical characters are used and which types of allegorical (human,nonhuman) characters have been used. finnally, according to the observation made in this study, the allegorical characters of the story of jalal and jammal are more than the story of lily and majnoon. And the poet in masnavi jalal and jamal has introduced most of his characters with two apparent and spiritual dimensions and with a little neglect, the application of the human and nonhuman characters of this masnavi can be considered the same. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - The allegorical approach of " Nightingale", "the eastern wind", and "rose" in the poems of Khaghani, Hafez and Bidel Dehlavi
Hasan Nagafi Lisehrodi Mohammad Reza Shad Manamen Alimohammad Moazeni Sourallah NouruziThe terms "nightingale", "the eastern wind", and "rose" are three gones of an emotional,romantic relationship that has been used by poets through different eras. The common elements of the three is the fact that they exist in the nature. These three term used in the poe MoreThe terms "nightingale", "the eastern wind", and "rose" are three gones of an emotional,romantic relationship that has been used by poets through different eras. The common elements of the three is the fact that they exist in the nature. These three term used in the poems of poets have symbolic significance and metaphorical approach. The nightingale as the symbole of lover or poaetic "I" , wind, breathe, Saba or eastern wind as the mesenger in commute between lover ( the nightingale) and beloved (rose) as the symbol of beauty or projection of beloved. In Persian literature ,specially in versed works, and in the works of three mentioned poet in present study( Khaghani, Hafiz, Bidel Dehlavi) there are plenty of natural elements such as wind, funa, and flora which are accompanied by beautiful ironies, metaphors, similies, and combinations. Allegorical approach of these elements is more prominent in hafiz poems in comparison with the two other Aforementioned sonneteers. Considering the various functions, this study aimed to investigate the allegorical approach of these symbols and compare their functions in the poems of the three poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Analysis of the allegorical sights of human declarations and natural elements in Mirṣad al-ʻibad by Najm-e- Razi
ali mandegar Reza AshrafzadehThe authors of mysticism used the allegory element in different way to indicate their thoughts and ideas. It is necessary to mention that many concepts, which are seen in Sufi’s proses, originated from abstract concepts and mystical experiences. The mystic need to MoreThe authors of mysticism used the allegory element in different way to indicate their thoughts and ideas. It is necessary to mention that many concepts, which are seen in Sufi’s proses, originated from abstract concepts and mystical experiences. The mystic need to make them sensory and tangible to facilitate their understandings and acceptance. In result, allegory is a kind of narration. Najm-e-al-din Rāzī in Mirṣād al-ʻibād narrated a verse or Hadith regarding to discussed subject in start of each season. He tried to use allegory and story from common subject proportional to its subject. His style in writing was completely simple and expressive. Nature and Human nature, among other elements, were the most common elements that he used in explanation and edition of his religious research. In this study, the authors tried to follow this case using documentary and analytical methods and analyzed the effective and efficient allegories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - Prayer and blessing in the Shahnameh
Shamsolhajiyeh ArdalaniA condition for prayers to be accepted is to know god and to give attention to prayers. Therefore prayer is the beginning of the way and not the end of it. Any sort of attention to god and any sort of heartily connection with divine spirit is considered as pray and wors MoreA condition for prayers to be accepted is to know god and to give attention to prayers. Therefore prayer is the beginning of the way and not the end of it. Any sort of attention to god and any sort of heartily connection with divine spirit is considered as pray and worship. The strongest connection between human and their creator is in the prayer. Fervent prayer in the Persian literature is in the category of lyrical literature and originates from feelings and sentiments. Ferdowsi utilizes benediction instead of fervent prayer more than other poets. In hardship, characters of the Shahnameh after purification, beg to God for their problems to be solved. They sometime find private connection with God without thinking to their own wills. This research is an investigation in the Shahnameh with respect to prayers and with the aim of obtaining knowledge on Shahname’s theism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - The Effect of Reward and Voluntary Behavior on Perceived Organizational Support, Leader-member Exchange, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Emotional Commitment and Task Performance among Headquarter Staffs of Education in Isfahan
MohammadAli Nadi Nozhatozaman Moshfeeghi Fatemeh Akbari kooshkechehThis study aimed to investigate the effect of reward and involuntary behaviors, perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, organizational citizenship behavior, emotional commitment and performance of the staff education was conducted in Isfahan. In order MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effect of reward and involuntary behaviors, perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, organizational citizenship behavior, emotional commitment and performance of the staff education was conducted in Isfahan. In order to collect research data, the distributive, procedural justice, participation, appreciation and attention, potential rewards, punishment is unlikely, organizational citizenship behavior, perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, emotional commitment and performance were . Data from the study were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that distributive justice, procedural justice, participation, appreciation and perceived organizational support for leader-member exchange, distributive justice, reward and punishment improbable possible and OCB the leader-member exchange and the exchange of leader-member and behavior organizational citizenship on task performance, organizational support and emotional commitment levels (P≤0.01) have a significant impact. The conceptual model was fitted. Indicators approved the model is based on research data. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - The Effectiveness of Shafiabady’s multiaxial pattern training on entrepreneurial behavior of female students in the third year of secondary school (high school)
Samira Soltanianshirazi katrin fekriThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Shafiabady’s multi-axial pattern of vocational choice training on the entrepreneurial behavior of female students in the third year of secondary school (high school)of Marvdasht city. The research metho MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Shafiabady’s multi-axial pattern of vocational choice training on the entrepreneurial behavior of female students in the third year of secondary school (high school)of Marvdasht city. The research methodology included two groups; post-test and pre-test quasi-experimental group and control group. The statistical population included all the students in the third year of Hajar Female High School in Marvdasht. Of all the 200 students who obtained less than 10 (bellow average) in Entrepreneurial Behavior Questionnaire (Fekri, Shafiabady, Nouranipoor, and Ahghar, 2012) 30 students were randomly selected and assigned to the two control and experimental groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 5/1 hours training based on multi-axial pattern training while the control group received no intervention. The post-test was conducted and data were analyzed by inferential statistics (analysis of covariance). The results showed that multi-axial pattern training have a positive and meaningful effect on entrepreneurial behavior and its dimensions such as decision-making, identify opportunities, structure determination, determination of sources and terms, and determination of objectives and strategies (p< 0/05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - Predicting the Organizational Commitment and their Components from Seven Personel and Organizational Variables
محسن گلپرور ـ سید حمیدرضا عریضی سامانیThe aim of this study was to predict the organizational commitment and their components (i.e Identificational, Exchange, and Affiliation commitment) from seventeen variables including participation to decision making, organizational citizenship behaviors, job perspectiv MoreThe aim of this study was to predict the organizational commitment and their components (i.e Identificational, Exchange, and Affiliation commitment) from seventeen variables including participation to decision making, organizational citizenship behaviors, job perspective, confidence in supervisor, pay satisfaction, promotion opportunity, internal motivation, supervising quality, desire to remain turnover intention, job attachment, work attachment and satisfaction with supervisor and coworkers. In order to reach the goals of the research, participants (male and female) were randomly selected from a public organization's personnel. Balfor and Wechsler's ( ) scale were used for measurement of the organizationa commitment and their components. The validity and reliability of the research instruments were investigated and verified. Stepwise regression analysis was used for data analysis. The results showed that in six steps: job attachment, participation in decision making, pay satisfaction, job perspective, promotion opportunity, and turnover intention were multiple correlation coefficient with identificational commitment and they are able to explain percent of this variable variance. The exchange commitment results showed that in six steps: supervision quality, job perspective, job attachment, pay satisfaction, satisfaction with coworkers and desire to remain have multiple correlation coefficient with exchange commitment and they are able to explain percent of this variable variance. For affiliation commitment, the results showed that in six steps: supervision quality, promotion opportunity, participation decision-making, pay satisfaction, desire to remain and satisfaction with coworkers had multiple correlation coefficient with affiliation commitment and were able to explain percent of this variable variance. For general organizational commitment, the results in eight steps: supervision quality, desire to remain, promotion opportunity, pay satisfaction, job perspective, satisfaction with coworkers, participation in decision making and job attachment had multiple correlation with general organization commitment and they were able to explain percent of this variable variance. Regression equations were also presented for predicting the indentificationa, exchange, affiliation and general organizational commitment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style of Supervisor on Occupational Injuries: The Mediating Role of Safety Consciousness, Role Overload and Safety-related Events
فریبا کیانی محمدرضا خدابخشThe aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of transformational leadership style of supervisor on occupational injuries with the mediating role of safety consciousness, role overload and safety related events. The research was a correlational, structural MoreThe aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of transformational leadership style of supervisor on occupational injuries with the mediating role of safety consciousness, role overload and safety related events. The research was a correlational, structural equations modeling. The population consisted of all employees in Esfahan Steel Company in 2012. Through stratified random sampling 210 employees were selected. Research instruments were: Transformational Leadership Style Scale (Bass & Avolio 1990), Safety Consciousness Scale (Westaby & Lee 2003), Role Overload Scale (Beehr, Walsh & Taber, 1976), Safety-related Events Questionnaire (Barlingand et al., 2002) and Occupational Injuries Questionnaire (Barlingand et al., 2002). Data were analyzed by regression and structural equations modeling by LISREL software. To test the role of mediated effects, the Bootstrap procedure in the macro model of Preacher and Hayes (2008) was used. Findings revealed acceptable effects of all variables in the study (P<0.05). Also, the indirect effects of transactional leadership style on occupational injuries with mediating role of safety events; with mediating role of safety consciousness and safety events; and with mediating role of role overload and safety events were studied (P<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Feasibility and priority of interdisciplinary fields from the view of higher education teachers and students of Najafabadazad Azad University
حسنعلی بختیار نصر آبادی جلال جبل عاملی کمال نصرتی هشی سمیرا مرادزاده آمنه بختیار نصرآبادیThe purposeThe purpose of this research was the feasibility and priority of interdisciplinary fields (art, rights, economy & management) from the view of higher education teachers and students of Najafabad University. The statistical population of this study was tea MoreThe purposeThe purpose of this research was the feasibility and priority of interdisciplinary fields (art, rights, economy & management) from the view of higher education teachers and students of Najafabad University. The statistical population of this study was teachers and available students in higher education of Najafabad University in 1389-90. The research method was descriptive approach that performed in two stages. The sample of research has been selected from 105 of teachers and students through random method. The research tool was a researcher made questionnaire. Findings showed that there were priority of 3 inter disciplinary fields such as gas and oil economy, comparative art and knowledge management had more information resources , Educational, culture and management spaces than others inter disciplinary fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - The Relation Between Bass Styles Leadership with Principalâs Work Conscious in Boy High Schools in Isfahan City
نرگس سعیدیان مصیب مرادیThe purpose of this research was to determine the relation between Bass’ leadership styles with Principals’ work conscious and commitment in Boy high schools in Isfahan city. The Population of the study were principals (N=150) chosen by random sampling. the Descriptive MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the relation between Bass’ leadership styles with Principals’ work conscious and commitment in Boy high schools in Isfahan city. The Population of the study were principals (N=150) chosen by random sampling. the Descriptive method was correlational. Some information was obtained by questionnaire 1) The questionnaire of Bass Leadership Styles included Transformational style 20 questions 2) Transactional style 8 questions and 3) non-intervention style 8 questions. The work commitment questionnaire contained 15 questions and work conscious questionnaire 35 questions. To analyze the finding of descriptive statistics (Pierson correlation coefficient and multiple regression) were used. The results show that there is a meaningful relation between transformational leadership style and principal’s work conscious (P 0/05, r=0/204). There is a relation between transformational leadership style with principals' work commitment (P0/05, r=0/267). There is no relation between transactional leadership style with the principal’s work conscious (P0/05, r=0/094). There is a relation between transactional leadership style with the principal’s work commitment (P0/05, r=0/249). There is a relation between non-intervention leadership style with principal’s work conscious (P0/05, r=0/447). There are not any meaningful relations between non-intervention leadership style and the principals' work commitment (P < 0/05, r=-0/029). Among the three Kinds of leadership, the best leadership style is transformational. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - Evaluation of temporal-spatial variations of soil moisture balance by Thorenthwaite Matter method (Case study: Behesht Abad basin)
Elham Davoodi Hoda Ghasemieh Khodayar Abdollahi Okke BatelaanFor the sustainable management of water resources, it is necessary to determine the water balance and its components for the correct use of water. In this study, to obtain a general overview of the water balance and its components, the soil moisture balance was calculat MoreFor the sustainable management of water resources, it is necessary to determine the water balance and its components for the correct use of water. In this study, to obtain a general overview of the water balance and its components, the soil moisture balance was calculated using the Thorenthwaite Matter model in the Behesht Abad basin during 2003-2015. Distribution maps, including rainfall, temperature, actual and potential evapotranspiration, soil moisture, infiltration, surface runoff and leaf area index were prepared. The results showed that in spatial distribution, in spring and summer, the highest (8.98 mm) and the lowest runoff occurs at the altitudes and in the basin outlet, and in autumn and winter, the highest (46.72 mm) and the lowest runoff occurs at the outlet and in the altitudes, respectively. The correlation coefficient between observed and simulated surface runoff is 53%. The amount of infiltration decreases during dry months, the highest infiltration (range from 16 to 31 mm) has occurred in the range of sandy loam and clay loam textures and in agricultural areas and rangeland with good and medium coverage. In terms of spatial distribution, agriculture land and good and medium rangeland have more actual evapotranspiration, which often consistent with regions have the highest leaf area index. In general, the results of this research can be useful in identifying the soil moisture condition and various aspects of this complex system and also watershed management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Investigation of the origin and spatial distribution of high dust concentrations and its synoptical analysis in Gavkhooni basin
Zahra Saieedifar Mohammad Khosro shahi Azade Gohardust Zohre Ebrahimi khusfi Sakineh Lotfi nasab asl Fatemeh DargahianBackground and ObjectiveIn recent years, the crisis caused by dust in the southeastern regions of the country has been one of the natural-human events affecting the daily lives of citizens and the economy of the region. Increasing access to various data processing sourc MoreBackground and ObjectiveIn recent years, the crisis caused by dust in the southeastern regions of the country has been one of the natural-human events affecting the daily lives of citizens and the economy of the region. Increasing access to various data processing sources has expanded dust modeling at various levels, including local, regional, and global levels, and has helped to understand the mechanism of complex natural systems. dust Modeling helps to identify the main factors that create it and the importance of each factor. One of these models that are used to detect the concentration and intensity of dust in the atmosphere and the range of this phenomenon and determine its origin is the dust model (NMMB / BSC). The purpose of this paper is to identify and monitor dust from the Gavkhoni basin by two methods of visual interpretation and tracking in satellite images using the mentioned model. Identifying areas with the possibility of dust and its synoptical study can be an important step in managing this phenomenon in the region. Materials and Methods In order to determine the potential areas of high concentrations of dust in the region, first in the period of 2016-2016, pervasive storms in the region were determined on a monthly basis based on the Aerosol optical depth parameter (AOD). Then, by the parameter of the minimum visibility and continuity of dust events obtained from the information of synoptic stations of the Meteorological Organization, the days with the lowest field of view and the highest continuity in the specified months (months with the highest AOD concentration) were selected. The Aerosol optical depth was calculated by using the Modis sensor and the Deep Blue algorithm. The MMB / BSC-Dust model was used to identify the most dust suscribted areas in the Gavkhoni basin. With the help of this model, dust transfer routes were monitored for three hours within 72 hours after the occurrence. Accordingly, in the next step of 25 model output maps for each time period, a map with the highest dust concentration in the basin was determined. To test the relationship of these parameters to the high concentrations of dust the output was then compared with the Synoptical maps and dust images of the Modis sensor dust storm from the Worldview database. In Synoptical studies, the goal is explaining the key relationships between the atmosphere and the environment. In order to determine the atmospheric patterns in the basin on the studied dates, the geographical range of 20 to 50 degrees north and 40 to 65 degrees east to receive digital data was determined. The hourly data of winds of different atmospheric levels of 100, 500, 700 and 850 hectopascals for days with the highest dust concentration were obtained from NCEP / NCAR center and the obtained maps were compared and analyzed with each of the dust concentration patterns. Results and Discussion The selected image of the 72-hour period on 4/6/2014 shows that the basin is affected by the southwestern regions of the country, especially the dust centers of Khuzestan and Iraq, which gradually affect the basin during the movement towards the central regions of the country. Images of the Modis sensor also confirmed the presence of this dust mass on the southwestern regions of the country and affected the basin on this date. The image of 4/25/2015 proved the existence of a dense dust mass in the southwestern regions of the country and the impact of the Gavkhoni basin from this mass. On this date, parts of the basin, including the eastern part of Gavkhoni Wetland and the center of the Little Spring Basin, have been producing dust. On this date, parts of the basin, including the eastern part of Gavkhoni Wetland and the center of the basin, have been a small source of dust. The dust event that occurred on 1/10/2016 shows that the basin is affected by dust sources in the Central Desert so that by moving the dense masses of dust from the central desert and the Black Desert, the basin was affected by them. And the central areas of the basin acted as a source of dust and contributed to the intensification of dust concentrations. As can be seen in the dust analysis, due to the low pressure in the center of Iran due to cyclonic rotation (counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere) on the north and south sides, the east wind and the west wind have dominated, respectively. The dominance of the western wind with orbital motion in dust storm events has been proven in most of the identified dates. In the most recent case, in 2016, we witnessed the expansion of a high-pressure center across the country and the change of this trend and the dominance of the east wind in the high levels of the atmosphere. An examination of the condition of the winds that took place on 13/3/2014 at 0-06 GMT shows the formation of centers with speeds higher than 12 m/s in the formation of dust centers. The winds blow from west to east and the dust passing through the basin originates from the western parts of the country, including the dust centers of Khuzestan and Iraq provinces. In this case, we have witnessed the dominance of unstable low-pressure centers on the surface of the basin, which can be one of the main factors in aggravating the dust phenomenon on the surface of the basin. Examination of omega winds (vertical winds on the ground) indicates the formation of an air ascent center on the range of the formation of high-speed wind nuclei and dust centers. The second incident occurred on 2/2/2015 at 3:00 PM GMT. Examination of wind direction maps shows the formation of centers with a speed of more than 25 meters per second with west-east direction on the surface of the western regions of the country and Gavkhoni basin, which aggravates dust production in sensitive areas such as Khuzestan and its movement Towards the Gavkhooni basin and affecting the basin. Examination of wind conditions to high atmospheric levels also showed that the wind regime was constant while increasing its speed at all atmospheric levels. An examination of the maps of omega winds (vertical winds on the ground) and sea surface pressure indicates the formation of an airborne and unstable (low pressure) center on the region, thus helping to aggravate the dust situation in the region. An examination of the dust storm that took place on 1/10/2016 at 6:00 PM GMT showed the formation of high wind speeds above 17 m/s in the eastern regions of the country, which are in the east-west direction at 850 ha Pascal level. he formation of these high-speed nuclei and the blowing of winds from the east to the basin have affected the Gavkhoni basin from the dust produced from the central desert and the black desert. Vertical winds also indicate the rising and falling currents and the movement of winds from high pressure (east) to low pressure (west) and the formation of east-west currents. Conclusion The results of this study showed that the source of dust occurrence in Gawkhuni basin is the Khuzestan and Iraq dust production centers, central desert and small parts of the basin center and around Gavkhuni Wetland. In addition, a synoptic examination of suitable areas of dust occurrence revealed that at the dates of the dust storms, low-pressure zones and high-velocity cores are formed at different levels of the atmosphere over the area, which is associated with the direction of the winds and the movement of dense masses of dust toward the basin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - Comparison of analytic network process (ANP) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method in land use planning based on multi objective land allocation (MOLA) method
Hadi Rahimi Abdolrasoul Salman Mahini Hamid Reza KamyabManagement and planning, distributing the economic and social activities as well as clearing hidden capacities in terms of the land’s potential and needs are the main goals of Land use planning. MOLA was used in order to zoning and planning Gorgan and Aliabad citi MoreManagement and planning, distributing the economic and social activities as well as clearing hidden capacities in terms of the land’s potential and needs are the main goals of Land use planning. MOLA was used in order to zoning and planning Gorgan and Aliabad cities in eight major Land-uses. The method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) and the experts’ experiences were used for weighting the three main factors including ecological, economic and social factors. Compare zoning based on two ways AHP and ANP weighting also was evaluated. The results showed that the integration of applications based on AHP and ANP different weighting methods. According to the results of the integration of applications based on ANP method compared to the AHP with respect to slope, height, density of vegetation, rainfall and erosion ability in general is more appropriate. The results showed that according to total Kappa values (0.9151), spatial Kappa (0.9524), standard Kappa (0.9323), and chance agreement (0.1111), MOLA based zoning based on AHP and ANP weights had a similarity A lot. But the difference in the use of the AHP and ANP was 88663 pixels (7979 ha). For this purpose, statistical data on slope, height, vegetation density, precipitation and erodibility were extracted based on the weight of the two methods of AHP and ANP. According to the results, the placement of land use based on the ANP method in comparison with AHP is more appropriate in general. This means that the method has better performance in the ANP have been weighted to land-uses. The results of this study, the relationship and the importance of all aspects of ecological, economic and social planning and land use planning notes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - Deforestation modeling using artificial neural network and GIS (Case study: forests of Khorramabad environs)
Hassan Mahmoudzadeh Majid AzizmoradiIn this research, occurred changes in the forests around Khorramabad between 1986 and 2018 using TM and OLI Landsat images were investigated. For this purpose, after making the necessary atmospheric and geometric corrections, the images were classified by the maximum li MoreIn this research, occurred changes in the forests around Khorramabad between 1986 and 2018 using TM and OLI Landsat images were investigated. For this purpose, after making the necessary atmospheric and geometric corrections, the images were classified by the maximum likelihood algorithm in five classes with a total accuracy of 95% and a kappa coefficient of 0.94. By overlaying the images, the amount of lost forest (34 km2) was determined and as a dependent variable was imported into the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model. In the GIS environment, were prepared the effective factors in the process of deforestation (independent variables); then by using MLP, the deforestation process in the years under review was determined. It was also land use changes was extracted that the results show the highest changes belonged to the forest to barren land changes and finally the deforestation forecast for 10, 20 and 30 years displays a decrease of 4.6% for the year 1407, 7.5% for the year 1417 and 9.3 for 1427. The results of the network training involving all variables with mean squared error (RMS) of 0.13 indicate that the MLP-based modeling is accurate and also, using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) index, the real amount of deforestation was compared to the result of the MLP model; which showed the high accuracy of the MLP model with 0.88 of the ROC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Monitoring and predicting land use changes using landsat satellite images by Cellular Automata and Markov model (Case study: Abbasabad area, Mazandaran province)
Amer Nikpour Hamid Amounia Elahe NourpasandiBackground and ObjectiveToday, land use change in many countries has become an important challenge that has many effects on the environment. Accordingly, the study of land use change at different scales is one of the important issues in the proper management of natural MoreBackground and ObjectiveToday, land use change in many countries has become an important challenge that has many effects on the environment. Accordingly, the study of land use change at different scales is one of the important issues in the proper management of natural resources and environmental change at various levels. Therefore, being aware of land use changes and investigating their causes and factors in several time periods, and predicting land use changes in the future can be properly planned to reduce adverse effects, which has been considered by planners and city managers. They help in land use planning. Also, converting land uses to each other and changing the use of vegetation is known as an important issue. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to monitor and predict land use changes and land cover in Abbasabad urban area in the future; Using these changes, appropriate management measures can be taken to preserve and rehabilitate lands. Materials and Methods A combination of an automated cell model and Markov chain in the Abbasabad urban area was used to predict land use change; The relevant images were taken from the TM and OLI sensors of the Landsat 8 and 5 satellites at the USGS site. Four user classes, including zone class built with code number 1, vegetation class with code number 2, water resources class with code number 3, and barren land class with code number 4, were separated for Abbasabad urban area. Obtained USGS. In order to extract land use classes, after checking several methods, object-oriented classification method and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm were used due to better efficiency. Evaluation of Babian satellite imagery classification The overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were performed for three periods of time. Each of these classified maps was evaluated by drawing an error matrix. 250 sample points were used to prepare this matrix. The type of sampling was stratified sampling. Also, to determine land use changes in 2030, classified maps were used and with the help of TerrSet software, changes made in classes and their percentages were obtained, and using the CA-MARKOV model, changes of different classes based on matrices. The possibility of transfer was predicted. Results and Discussion The results during 1997, 2006, and 2017 show that the constructed area has an increasing trend and the uses of vegetation, barren lands, and water resources have a decreasing trend and 23279 hectares of lands in the region are built area dedicated. The kappa coefficient calculated for 1997, 2006, and 2017 is 0.86, 0.89, and 0.89, respectively. Markov chain forecasting model with 85% accuracy stated that the trend of land use change for 2030 will be the same as in previous years, and this indicates that the conversion and change of land uses will proceed as before, and it is necessary to mention this point that the identical uses of vegetation to vegetation cover the largest area during the years 2006 to 2017, and this shows that in this area, vegetation is still stable and has undergone less changes. Conclusion The output of the 13-year forecast map for 2030 in this study indicates the appropriate accuracy of the CA-MARKOV model. In addition, this output shows that this method can be trusted for short-term planning. These forecast maps can be a good guide for managers and urban planners. To achieve better results, it is recommended to use a combination of automated cell model and Markov chain to monitor and predict changes nationwide. The results of this study, in addition to helping to reduce the volume of input data, but also in the processing of classified images and in predicting them for the future. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Wind farm site selection based on geospatial multi-criteria and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) (Case study: Bushehr province)
Tayebeh Tabatabaei Fazel AmiriThe aim of this paper is site selection for wind farm based on multi-criteria; climate (wind speed, dominant wind speed and temperature), geography (elevation, slope), socio-economic (distance from roads, distance from cities, distance from the villages), environmental MoreThe aim of this paper is site selection for wind farm based on multi-criteria; climate (wind speed, dominant wind speed and temperature), geography (elevation, slope), socio-economic (distance from roads, distance from cities, distance from the villages), environmental (distance from protected areas, landuse, distance from the river), and geological (distance from the earthquake, distance to faults) in a geographic information systems (GIS) using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in the Bushehr province. According to the role and influence of these criteria, preferences site map is implemented in ArcGIS®10.1 software. Weight of criteria and alternative are determined using AHP in ExpertChoice2000 software. For modeling, spatial analysis and integration layers ArcGIS®10.1 setting was used and the zoning map was obtained at four different classes (very high, high, moderate and low). The results of the site suitability assessment by AHP showed that site NE located at Bushehr province was the most suitable area for locating the wind farm, with covers area of 566218 ha, 24.8% of the total area. Furthermore, the map provides the foundation for decision makers in develop the wind farm location. Finally, the results indicate that GIS as a decision support system, can also prepare the data and the model priorities and expert opinions in relation to various factors in selecting an appropriate location and design is very efficient will help to build power plants. The results indicate that the AHP than other methods of high flexibility in modeling the geospatial data on site selection of wind farm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - Suitable sites for wind power plants constructed in East Azerbaijan using fuzzy- analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) method
Mehdi Asadi Saeid Jahanbakhsh AslIn this study, to determine appropriate locations for the construction of wind power plants in the East Azerbaijan, several criteria, including wind speed, prevailing wind speed, pressure, temperature, elevation, slope, road, city, village, protected areas, land use, ri MoreIn this study, to determine appropriate locations for the construction of wind power plants in the East Azerbaijan, several criteria, including wind speed, prevailing wind speed, pressure, temperature, elevation, slope, road, city, village, protected areas, land use, river, fault and earthquakes were considered. All criteria were implemented by using an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) weight of layers in EC2000 software. For fuzzification the parameters were coded by 0, 1 into the IDRISI software and based on the expert opinions, the control points and fuzzy function of each layer was determined. Then the software Arc®GIS9.3 was used to overlay layers, and finally, the East Azerbaijan potential wind power plant was constructed in four levels: excellent (217294.36 ha), good (972887.64 ha), fair (1650932.35 ha) and poor (1709038.40 ha). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - Amplification Of vh and vl Gene Fragments from RNA Source Of Single Human Plasma Cell
Laya Esmati Jalil Fallah Mehrabadi Hamideh Rouhaninejad Masomeh BazazInroduction and ObjectiveThe first generation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies was isolated from mouse. One of the disadvantages of them was stimulating immune response in human. Fully human monoclonal antibodies are significantly considered due to their high effici MoreInroduction and ObjectiveThe first generation of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies was isolated from mouse. One of the disadvantages of them was stimulating immune response in human. Fully human monoclonal antibodies are significantly considered due to their high efficiency and low immunogenic potential. Nowadays different kind of techniques such as phage display and single B cell technology are used to produce fully human mAb. The aim of this project was amplification of VH and VL genes from RNA source of Human plasma cell.Materials and Methods:With the aim of isolation and amplification of VH and VL regions, single cell RT-PCR reaction was performed. Single plasma cells were lysed by using cell lysis buffer. By using synthesized cDNA from plasma cells and antibody specific primers, antibody genes were amplified. Six pair of primers utilized to amplify the variable region of heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL). Restriction sites and the linker sequences were placed on primer sequences due to respectively cloned in target plasmid and to link VH and VL. Results: Electrophoresis represented VH and VL fragments with 400 bp length were amplified by PCR. The VH and VL gene sequences were BLAST separately and showed 97% similarity among other antibodies gene sequence.Conclusion: Primer sets were selected and designed which contain linker sequence for ScFv construction, NcoI and NotI restriction sites in order to clone directly into an expression vector. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Study Effects Of Hydroalcoholic Extract Of Melisa Officinalis in the Treatment Of Acetic Acid Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats
تکرخ اشتری توان دشتی مهدی رهنما شهرزاد نصیری سمنانیInroduction and Objective:Peptic ulcer involved mucous extras and good heal under mucous in the wall of stomach. This decease usually is from the most known digest deceases, the plant drugs as compare with the chemical drugs had lower side effects and in contrast of che MoreInroduction and Objective:Peptic ulcer involved mucous extras and good heal under mucous in the wall of stomach. This decease usually is from the most known digest deceases, the plant drugs as compare with the chemical drugs had lower side effects and in contrast of chemical drugs that maybe had interfere with another compounds of body or produced a poison in the body, hasn’t interfere effects. Melisa officinalis have biologic effects such as calmness and antioxidant effects. In this research studied the effects of hydroalcoholic nectar of leaf ofMelisa officinalis plant over the peptic ulcer result of acid acetic on the RatMaterial and Methods: In this experimental study prepared hydraulic nectar of melisa officinalis plant. 60heads of female mousse in weight of 250-200 divided accidently to four 15groups, control group, Sham group (normal receiver of Salin) experiment1 group (extract of does 200 mg/kg) experiment2 group (extract of does 400 mg/kg). Mousse suffered form peptic ulcer through injection of acid acetic. After a day the rats treated for 14days through nectar process. Then the sample of stomach in the forth, tenth seventh and fourteen days excited and after measuring the sizes of wounds and fitting with formalin 10% , passage stages, performed tissue cut and coloring method and finally investigated the histology parameters.Results:the results showed that the nectar of Melisa officinalis result in meaningful increase of improving the wound in the experiment group 1 and 2 as compare with Sham and control groups, in the experiment group 2 improving the wound as compare with the experiment group 1 had meaningful increase. The inflammation factors and fibroblasts showed the meaningful decrease as compare with control and Sham group and showed meaningful reduction in the next days and the experiment group 2 showed meaningful reduction from froth day.Conclusion:Melisa officinalishas high recover ability in treatment of peptic ulcer result of acid acetic Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - Relationship between Preconditioning with Intermittent Hyperoxia on Na/Ca2+ Exchanger 1 Level and Brain Infarct Volume in Rat Stroke Model
Ekram Mohammadi Mohammad Reza BigdeliInroduction and ObjectiveRecent studies suggest that Normobaric Hyperoxia (HO) decreases hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, increases expression of Na/Ca2+ Exchanger1 (NCX1) in brain. We wanted to determine the relationship between HO effects on NCX1 and infarct volume (IV) MoreInroduction and ObjectiveRecent studies suggest that Normobaric Hyperoxia (HO) decreases hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, increases expression of Na/Ca2+ Exchanger1 (NCX1) in brain. We wanted to determine the relationship between HO effects on NCX1 and infarct volume (IV) in rat stroke model. Materials and Methods:Rats were divided into two experimental groups. The first group was exposed to 95% inspired HO for 4 hours/day for 6 consecutive days (HO). The second group acted as control and was exposed to 21% oxygen in the same chamber. Each main group was sub-divided to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO-operated) and intact (without any surgery) sub-groups. After 2, 5, 10 and 15 days from pre-treatment, MCAO-operated sub-groups were subjected to 60 minutes of right MCAO. After 24 hours reperfusion, infarct volume was measured in MCAO-operated sub-groups. The NCX1 expression levels of core, penumbra and sub-cortex regions were assessed in sham-operated and intact sub-groups.ResultsPre-conditioning with HO decreased infarct volume, and increased expression of NCX1 in penumbra and sub-cortex. These effects of hyperoxia disappeared gradually during 15 days after pre-treatment.Conclusion: Although further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of time course of neuroprotection, HO partly is associated with expression of NCX1 consistent with an active role in the genesis of ischaemic neuroprotection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - مقایسه اثر ماساژ درمانی با رایحه اسطوخودوس و روغن بادام برمدت زمان و درد زایمان و میزان سرمی بتااندروفین ها در زنان نخست زا
صدیقه لقایی ابراهیم حسینی -
Open Access Article
284 - Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Cross Flux Permanent Magnet Generator and its Application in Wind Turbines
Mahmoud Zadehbagheri Vahdat NazerianMachines with permanent magnet excitation have higher efficiency and more reliability than machines with electric excitation. Among the permanent magnet machines, the crossover machines have a higher ratio of power to volume and electric torque to volume, so that at the MoreMachines with permanent magnet excitation have higher efficiency and more reliability than machines with electric excitation. Among the permanent magnet machines, the crossover machines have a higher ratio of power to volume and electric torque to volume, so that at the same power, their size is smaller than the usual permanent magnet machines. And this is the reason why researchers have paid attention to crossover machines in recent years. Cross-phase generators can be made with a smaller pole pitch than other machines. These features make these machines have a higher power density than other permanent magnet machines. The copper winding of the crossover generators is simple, and their passive copper winding is considerably less than other machines, so the mass of active materials required to produce power and electric torque can be less than other machines. In other words, a smaller volume of active materials per unit of electric torque can be obtained by these machines. Therefore, this generator creates high power and torque by creating a large number of poles and a small pole pitch, and it can be a suitable option for use in the production of electrical energy from wind power, especially at low wind speeds. The lack of a suitable dynamic model and the application of this generator, dynamic modeling and simulation, are necessary to analyze its performance under different conditions. Therefore, this article presents a dynamic model for this generator to be connected to the wind turbine, and then simulates the wind turbine based on this generator by simulating the turbine-generator system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Integral Sliding Mode Based Direct Power Control of Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generators
Ramtin Sadeghi Mohammad Reza Agha kashkooli Seyed Mohammad MadaniThis paper proposes an integral sliding mode direct power control (ISM-DPC) strategy for brushless doubly fed induction generators. Two widely applied control strategies are available for this type of generators: hysteresis-based direct power control and vector control. MoreThis paper proposes an integral sliding mode direct power control (ISM-DPC) strategy for brushless doubly fed induction generators. Two widely applied control strategies are available for this type of generators: hysteresis-based direct power control and vector control. Direct power control suffers from high power ripples and current distortions produced by variable switching frequency. Moreover, the tuning issues of PI controller, which are highly reliant on machine parameters and operating conditions, and necessity of a phase-locked-loop for frame alignment are accounted as limitation of these methods. The proposed integral sliding mode strategy directly controls active and reactive power to provide fast dynamic response and zero steady-state error. This method is developed in the control winding reference frame to avoid the application of PLL. A large-scale brushless doubly fed induction generator (BDFIG) is simulated to validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed ISM-DPC method in comparison with widely applied methods, vector control and direct power control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - A Review on the Technical Challenges of Connecting Wind Energy Conversion Systems to the Grid
Majid Tavoosi Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani Mohammad Hassan Amirioun Mohsen Parsa MoghaddamWind power generation is making an increasingly significant contribution to global electricity production. The high penetration of wind power poses many operational and control challenges that affects the reliability and stability of power systems. In this Paper, the re MoreWind power generation is making an increasingly significant contribution to global electricity production. The high penetration of wind power poses many operational and control challenges that affects the reliability and stability of power systems. In this Paper, the reported technical challenges caused by the grid integration of wind energy conversion system (WECS) and the proposed solutions methodologies represents. The wind-generating system components and architecture are investigated at the beginning of this article for analysis and stability studies purposes, then are addressed various technical challenges; each challenge is discussed individually, focusing on the bulk integration of wind energy into the power systems. Some solutions, including grids code, energy storage technologies, appropriate control strategies, and other methodologies employed to mitigate the effects of the integration, are also included. This review is ready-reckoner of essential topics for further research of wind energy and available technologies in this field. This review provides ready-reckoner of essential topics for grid integration of wind energy and available technologies in direction of overcome the related difficulties. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Optimizing the Control of DFIG Based Wind Turbines Using Sensitivity Analysis and Particle Swarm Optimization Method
Meysam Jaberolansar Mohammad Mahdi Rezaei Hamed Khodadadi Seyed Mohammad MadaniOne of the key issues in the optimal operation of DFIG-based wind turbines is the optimization of relatively large control parameters that exist in these systems. However, the main problem is the high number of control parameters and the nonlinearity of the model of the MoreOne of the key issues in the optimal operation of DFIG-based wind turbines is the optimization of relatively large control parameters that exist in these systems. However, the main problem is the high number of control parameters and the nonlinearity of the model of these systems, which makes solving the optimization problem very time-consuming and divergent in some cases. In this article, in order to optimize the control parameters, a method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. In this method, after linearization of the system model, the eigenvalues of the system are extracted as a function of the control parameters. By examining the sensitivity of eigenvalues to control parameters, more sensitive parameters are identified and optimized based on the PSO method. The performance of the proposed method has been investigated through simulation in the MATLAB software environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - Investigation various types of frequency support methods and inertial control techniques in power systems based on variable speed wind turbines
seyed abdul rahman ahmadnejad Ramtin Sadeghi Bahador FaniThe motivation to reduce environmental pollution has caused the rapid growth of renewable energy sources (RES) in power systems. However, several technical challenges are common in the high penetration of RES and wind farms (WF). The most important challenge is to achie MoreThe motivation to reduce environmental pollution has caused the rapid growth of renewable energy sources (RES) in power systems. However, several technical challenges are common in the high penetration of RES and wind farms (WF). The most important challenge is to achieve frequency stability in new systems. Because WF provide less storage, power compared to synchronous generators. In addition, due to the connection of wind farms to the AC grid through electronic power converters, new power systems have little inertia and WF cannot participate in frequency regulation with other conventional production sources in normal operation. Recently, with the increasing expansion of wind farms in power systems, their participation in supporting and stabilizing the frequency in the event of disturbances in the production or consumption of power systems has been highly considered. Therefore, in this research, firstly, it investigates the way of simulating the inertia of synchronous generators in wind turbines in order to increase the inertia of power and frequency control systems. Then, a review of various strategies and the latest developments in the field of solving the challenges of the presence of wind farms in the direction of temporary frequency support in power systems has been done. Finally, the studies conducted in inertial control techniques and system frequency for variable speed wind turbines have been investigated, categorized and compared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Study Of Nostalgia in the treatises Of Shahabeddin Sohrevardi
Heshmatollah Azarmakan Marzieh RabiyeeNostalgia which is described as homesickness, regret and affection for the past is one of the common motifs in mystical literature. Considering its context and content, mystical literature is inherently able to analyze nostalgia, and since looking regretfully to the pas MoreNostalgia which is described as homesickness, regret and affection for the past is one of the common motifs in mystical literature. Considering its context and content, mystical literature is inherently able to analyze nostalgia, and since looking regretfully to the past is intensified in some periods of Islamic Sufism and mysticism and manifestation of this attitude has been influential in the mystical texts, investigation of this concept could be considered as a novel step towards further understanding of the thoughts of the authors of the works. Therefore, in this study attempts are made to show to what extent and how Shahabeddin Sohrevardi’s Persian treatises benefit from nostalgic sentiments. Nostalgia of time and place, homesickness and eagerness toward Utopia are deemed as specific nostalgia out of nostalgic components within Sohrevardi’s treatisesMeanwhile, regretting and missing the original birthplace and homeland are the most frequent examples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - Characteristics of Worship in Theosophical Conducts of Rabeah Adawiyyah
Masood Haji Rabi Zahra ShirdeliThe present research investigates “the effect of worship conducts of Rābia al-Adawiyya on her theosophical aspects”. There have been many talks regarding this dame’s asceticism and divine love as well as her greatness. However, theosophical resources have not mentioned MoreThe present research investigates “the effect of worship conducts of Rābia al-Adawiyya on her theosophical aspects”. There have been many talks regarding this dame’s asceticism and divine love as well as her greatness. However, theosophical resources have not mentioned the strategic role of worshiping her theosophical conducts so much; and investigating most of the articles and theses, we found that researchers have not paid so much attention to this point. Therefore, our objective in the present research is to investigate the devotional discussions of Rābia’s life stage by stage to conclude that Rābia’s religious conduct is the preface and reinforcing of her theosophical conduct. During this cognitive journey, after the stage of perdition, Rābia’s passion and effort for asceticism and worship was increased and fusion of love and servitude reached its topmost extent. Also, the importance of Rābia’s responsibility in introducing the reality of servitude to people and establishing a theosophical movement based on divine love, is among the innovative results of this research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - Tribal Spiritual Journey in Mysticism(An Approach toward Najmuddin Raazis Mersad-al-Ebad)
Mohammad Hossein Saini Heydar Hassanloo Nazeeta MaghazayeeMysticismmeansunderstanding the Almighty God,His characters and verbs, which is heartfelt and cognitive rather than through thinking and reasoning. It is a positive mood which is primarily manifested through life, instinct, and soul; next, it is manifested in the human MoreMysticismmeansunderstanding the Almighty God,His characters and verbs, which is heartfelt and cognitive rather than through thinking and reasoning. It is a positive mood which is primarily manifested through life, instinct, and soul; next, it is manifested in the human behavior and conduct. Such specific conducts and behaviors that lead to the spiritual process are spiritual toward God. Spiritualjourney was long regarded by mystics, who wanted through the practicing mystical ideas, save themselves from the constraints of the material and whimsical desires and achieve mortality for God's survival so that each one of mystics, as per their own views, has stated certain steps and procedures totravel back to God. For instance, ShaykhNajm al-Din al-Razihasvaluable insights about the rules of spiritual journey for which this paper deal with some parts of the steps pertaining to the various tribal spiritual journey. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - Jami, Divine Love and Spiritual Wine
Mahboubeh MoslemizadehLove is the most important theme which has entered into the mystical poetry from the early poems and with an unusual concept, became one of the most significant terms. Along with this word, many other words relevant to it – by which the beloved is described – and also s MoreLove is the most important theme which has entered into the mystical poetry from the early poems and with an unusual concept, became one of the most significant terms. Along with this word, many other words relevant to it – by which the beloved is described – and also such words as wine, pot-house, etc. with the metaphorical and figurative meaning entered into the mystical poetry. The comparison of Love and Wine is the first phase of formation of the mystical meaning of wine, and this comparison motivated such poets as 'Abd- al Rahman Jami to apply "wine" for the expression of themes like cosmic and eternal love. Many treaties and papers are written on the theme of Love and its phases and also about the viewpoints of the poets of different eras, but because the image of spiritual wine in Jami's works is not so much noticed, this article is to review this theme depend on his Divan, Ashe'at al- Lama'at, Lawame' and Lawayeh. The words related to the above mentioned theme in Jami's Ghazals and his other works are excellently and wonderfully applied and indicate his perception of mystical and divine love Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Analysis of Gratitude and Ingratitude in Mystical Literature Exclusively Masnavi Omdatul Ashaar
Hossein Ghorbani Ahmad Reza YalamehaIngratitude, and thanklessness means Mun is invisible thanks to the blessing of having that confession Sugar, Sugar heart knowing God's blessings, and thank beneficent act of obedience to split. Sugar in the field of ethics is checked, and one of the mystical divine ble MoreIngratitude, and thanklessness means Mun is invisible thanks to the blessing of having that confession Sugar, Sugar heart knowing God's blessings, and thank beneficent act of obedience to split. Sugar in the field of ethics is checked, and one of the mystical divine blessings Ast.qasmy GONABADI thanks to the source of the blessings that will be given to Abdul. Therefore, if I am ill province is the biggest blessing of God; believe and be committed, and of arrogance, refuses to harass others, opened his intuition and finds beneficent blessings. and most fundamental is Allah's blessings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - مقایسه خمریه ابن فارض مصری با اشعار مولانا و غزلیات سعدی و حافظ
زرین تاج فرجی محمدرضا شاد منامن -
Open Access Article
295 - تجلی عرفان در اندیشۀ نجم الدین رازی
Zahra Zarii Amir Ismail Azar Roghieh Sadraii -
Open Access Article
296 - Explaining and Comparing the Image of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Two Mystical Texts of Kashf al-Mahjoub and Mersad al-Ebaad
mehdi mohammadi Mohamadreza Beigi Khadije Safari KandsaryThe sublime personality and prophetic character of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) has always been one of the centers of thematic creation and illustration of poets and writers in Persian literature. Especially at the beginning of their speech, after praising the Creator, they MoreThe sublime personality and prophetic character of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) has always been one of the centers of thematic creation and illustration of poets and writers in Persian literature. Especially at the beginning of their speech, after praising the Creator, they paid attention to the glorification of the Prophet, the position of Prophethood, and especially the finality and centrality of his existence in the whole universe. The descriptive-analytical method of the image of the Prophet (PBUH) in the two books of Mersad al-Ebaad and Kashf al-Mahjoub, which are among the most important texts in Persian literature, should be examined and compared. In this regard, showing the superiority of the Great Prophet, the need for more knowledge of that Imam and the expression of the Khaatam and the obsolescence of other religions by the Prophet (PBUH) can be expressed. Like Moses, Abraham, etc., the law of the Prophet, especially the fact that the author of both books is bound to it and the reasons for sending the law of the Prophet and other aspects of its dimensions Characteristic and historical aspects of that Imam, such as being the mediator of creation, ascension, not having a shadow of the Prophet, etc., have been considered from the perspective of Najm Dayah and Hujviri. The results of the research show the special position of the Prophet and his Shari'a in the mystical behavior of both mystics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - Analyzing the charactcrisic of Najm Al-Din Rᾱzi in Mersad Al-Ebᾱd Based on Jung Theory of Archetypes
Faranak Karimi Tuchaei Touraj Aghdaeie Heydar Hasanlu Nozhat NoohiArchetype is one of the fundamental terms of Jungian psychology, that includes ancient images and Instinctual thoughts in the collective subconscious, and as a common human heritage is embedded in the Individual and group subconscious of all human beings. One of the mai MoreArchetype is one of the fundamental terms of Jungian psychology, that includes ancient images and Instinctual thoughts in the collective subconscious, and as a common human heritage is embedded in the Individual and group subconscious of all human beings. One of the main manifestations of the human subconscious and archetypes is art and literature. Hence, archetypal theory has many applications in the Psychological critique of literary texts and authors that can be used to achieve the subconscious mind of literary characters and the influence of the components of the author's personality structure in shaping the Texture of the text. Mystics are prone to communicate with their subconscious because they take a step in the path of conduct and go through mystical stages and reach perfection. Hence, with a different reading from the usual readings in mystical texts, archetypal critique can be used to study and analyze the Personality of literary creators. in this article, archetypes: shadow, persona, anima and self, as well as how Each of them crystallizes in the character of Najm al-Din Rᾱzi, with regard to the mystical work of Mersad al-Ebad in an analytical-descriptive method of library be reviewed. The findings indicate that Razi, by Moving from self-awareness to unconsciousness, faces negative and positive aspects of his personality by leaving behind the negative dimensions of the psyche, inner shadows, removing the mask and many difficulties he has had in the path of self-knowledge. Finally achieves balance and psychological development and unity of all dimensions of existence and individuality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Comparative Study of Human Nature in Imam Khomeini’s and Ayatollah Shah’abadi’s the Analytical Views
Firuzeh Ebrahimi Farajollah Barati Maryam Bakhtyar Ali Akbar AfrasiabpourNature and mysticism are two topics that have different structures and can be studied with different formulations. In this research, we try to analyze the analytical views about mystical nature and behavior in the intellectual and epistemological systems of Imam Khomein MoreNature and mysticism are two topics that have different structures and can be studied with different formulations. In this research, we try to analyze the analytical views about mystical nature and behavior in the intellectual and epistemological systems of Imam Khomeini (RA) and Ayatollah Shah’abadi (RA). In order to identify their intellectual and epistemological attitudes, we must first identify the ontological and anthropological mystical foundations of human nature and then, the characteristics of natur and mystical path, dimensions of nature, the relationship between intellectual knowledge and intuitive knowledge (mystical behavior), love and human nature. We analyzed Imam Khomeini’s and Ayatollah Shah’abadi’s perspectives and finally compared their epistemological intellectual foundations. The results of the research indicate that Ayatollah Shaha’abadi (RA) is a turning point in the historical evolution of the theory of human nature. His remarkable innovation in relation to human nature shows the prominence of his work because he linked the theory of human nature to the topics of psychology and practical wisdom, and has relied on the requirements of human nature to abstract the soul and provide a practical solution for life. Imam Khomeini formulated a systematic theory regarding mystical nature and behavior. He has linked human nature to the position of absolute governor. The research method is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Analysis of Representations of the Sufi Prose in Mirṣād Al-ʻibād of Najm Al-Dīn Rāzī
Zahra ZareiMysticism is the report of the relation between humans and God. The description of this report at least, there was in Persian poetry and prose after the 11th century. Mirṣād al-ʻibād is one of these prose works which is a guide for mystics. Najm al-Dīn Rāzī has written MoreMysticism is the report of the relation between humans and God. The description of this report at least, there was in Persian poetry and prose after the 11th century. Mirṣād al-ʻibād is one of these prose works which is a guide for mystics. Najm al-Dīn Rāzī has written this book in the 13th century in a simple structure. But it has some differences as compared with previous prose works. The text of this book sometimes leads to complex text by using figures of speech and also, more Arabic words. This article tries to explore the Sufi prose’s representations in this book. This research concluded that this book hasn’t monotonous text and its author sometimes has tried to decorate it by figures of speech. Riming prose is the figure of speech which he has used mostly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Self-knowledge: Necessity and Means of Achievement From Allameh Tabatabaei’s Viewpoint
Akram Rezaii Maryam Bakhtyar Seyed Jasem Pajouhandeh“Self-knowledge” is a kind of introspection and deliberation in the existence of self for recognizing the inner talents, desires and aspirations, and ultimately for achieving one’s true perfection. The aim of self-knowledge is the recognition of the tr More“Self-knowledge” is a kind of introspection and deliberation in the existence of self for recognizing the inner talents, desires and aspirations, and ultimately for achieving one’s true perfection. The aim of self-knowledge is the recognition of the true and celestial “self” of the human being, which is an immaterial, fixed, and remaining truth in all states and effects, in such a way that the human being does not need any proof or reasoning to prove it within themselves and he/she witnesses it with intuitive knowledge. Many scholars have had speeches about elaborating on this important subject in various epistemic areas, but the theory and attitude of mystic Allameh Tabatabaei in this respect (self-knowledge) are very precise and rich. This paper aims to achieve the above-mentioned subject through a descriptive-analytic way in his works. In this paper, we have achieved the following results: He believes that in order to enter and reach this path, one must use religious ways mentioned in religious sources such as self-judgment, meditation, silence, hunger, solitude, night vigil and so on in addition to diligence in worship. This way, because of self-attention gradually the four worlds of monotheism of actions, monotheism of attributes, monotheism of names and at the end monotheism in essence, will be revealed to the mystic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Reaction of some almond cultivars to Almond spider mite, Schizotetranychus smirnovi in Saman region, Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province, Iran
Zarir SaeidiReaction of some almond cultivars including Sefid, Mamaei, Rabie, Non pariel, Shahrood 6, Shahrood 7, Shahrood 13, Shahrood 21 and Shahrood 12 to almond spider mite. Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainst. Were evaluated in Saman region, during 2008-2009. In the first trial, MoreReaction of some almond cultivars including Sefid, Mamaei, Rabie, Non pariel, Shahrood 6, Shahrood 7, Shahrood 13, Shahrood 21 and Shahrood 12 to almond spider mite. Schizotetranychus smirnovi Wainst. Were evaluated in Saman region, during 2008-2009. In the first trial, after grafting of cultivars on GF677 root stock, they were transferred to an orchard and were kept under insect net to prevent natural infestation. Cultivars were infested artificially by introducing 5 adult female mites on each plant. Twenty one days after infestation, leaves were collected and mite population density (number of eggs, nymphs and adults) were counted. Results indicated that Sefid and Feraduel (Shahrood 12) cultivars supported the highest mite population; whereas, Shahrood21 and Shahrood 6 supported the lowest mite population. In the second trail, almond cultivars were evaluated under natural infestation during 2 sampling times (with 15 days interval). Mean comparison of the mite population density (eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults) showed that Mamaei cultivar (mean 63 and 206.2 mites in the first and second sampling times, respectively) supported the highest; whereas, Shahrood 21 (mean 6.2 and 22 mites) supported the lowest mite population density. Study density of leaf trichomes and concentration of leaf total phenolic compounds showed that there was not significant positive relation between them and resistance to the mite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Diversity of Eggplant Big Bud Disease in Fars Province
Somayeh Keshavarz Sasan Ghasemi Mohammad SalehiIn 2010 and 2011 surveys of Fars provience were observed symptoms doubtful to phytoplasma diseases such as virescence and phyllody, floral proliferation, witches’-broom, yellowing and little leaf in eggplant fields. To determination of etiology this symptoms, seve MoreIn 2010 and 2011 surveys of Fars provience were observed symptoms doubtful to phytoplasma diseases such as virescence and phyllody, floral proliferation, witches’-broom, yellowing and little leaf in eggplant fields. To determination of etiology this symptoms, seven infected eggplant plants from Fasa, Jahrom, Firouzabad, Darab and Sarvestan were planted in suitable pots, transferred to a greenhouse without any insects and used as sources of disease for further studies. The causal agents were transmitted from diseased to healthy eggplants by grafting and from eggplant to periwinkle by dodder. In inoculated eggplants, were appeared big bud, little leaf, yellowing and witches’-broom and in inoculated periwinkles, were appeared virescence, yellowing and witches’-broom. Total DNA were extracted from fresh midrib tissues of naturally infected eggplant, experimentally inoculated periwinkle plants and a healthy eggplant and periwinkle plant. In direct PCR using primer pairs P1/P7, DNA fragments of approximately 1800 bp were amplified from total nucleic acid samples extracted from symptomatic eggplant and periwinkle plants. Periwinkle reaction to inoculation with Eggplant Big Bud (EBB) different isolates was variable as based on difference in severity and type of symptoms in periwinkle, EBB different isolates, were placed in six groups. Direct PCR products of EBB different isolates were digested with AluI, HaeIII and RsaI enzymes. Comparison of RFLP patterns indicated that EBB different isolates place in two groups: Fasa 1, Fasa 2, Fasa 3, Firouzabad, Darab and Sarvestan isolates in one group and Jahrom isolate in other group. Based on disease symptoms, dodder and graft transmission and positive reaction in PCR, eggplant big bud in Fars province has phytoplasmal etiology. This is the first report of the presence of EBB in Fasa, Firouzabad, Darab and Sarvestan. With molecular testings in this study, were confirmed there are at least two phytoplasmas associated with EBB in Fars province. By using more restriction enzymes, it is likely to see more diversity in EBB agent in Fars province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - An abundance study of Thrips tabaci (Thys.: Thripidae) on different genotypes of eggplant in Varamin region, Iran
Parvaneh Baradaran Masoud Arbabi Shahab Manzari Horyeh RezaiAbundance of Thrips tabaci Lind., an important pest of vegetables, was investigated on upper and lower leaves of different genotypes of eggplant, including Siah-Mashhad, Borazjan, Black beauty, Siah-Neyshabour, Zabul indigenous, Imami-905, Juybar-Mazandaran, Sarkhoun-Ho MoreAbundance of Thrips tabaci Lind., an important pest of vegetables, was investigated on upper and lower leaves of different genotypes of eggplant, including Siah-Mashhad, Borazjan, Black beauty, Siah-Neyshabour, Zabul indigenous, Imami-905, Juybar-Mazandaran, Sarkhoun-Hormozgan and Galami-Varamin, during 2000-2001 in Varamin region. Eggplant seedlings were cultivated in May in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each replication consisted of four rows of 10 plants. Five leaves were randomly sampled at weekly intervals until October to estimate the incidence and population fluctuation of T. tabaci. The number of thrips was counted on the surface of four square centimeters of leaves using a binocular microscope. All analyses and comparisons were carried out using statistical package SAS. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the number of thrips on upper and lower leaves, so that the number of thrips on lower leaves were several times higher than that of on upper leaves. Borazjan and Juybar-Mazandaran with the mean number of 1.55 and 0.86 had the highest population in 2000 and 2001, respectively. In complex analysis, there was no significant difference between the thrips abundance on lower and upper leaves. Incidence of thrips faced with increase from June, and the maximum number was recorded in early until late July in both years. The results indicated that, a trend of increase initiated from late June in Varamin. Borazjan had more thrips than other genotypes and the thrips abundance in the first year was two times of the second year. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Efficiency of anise Pimpinella anisum extract on biological activity of Tribolium castaneum and its antioxidant functional
Shahla AMINI Parisa JONOBI Aref MAROF Ahmad MAJDThe red flour beetles Tribolium castaneum is one of the most important pests of stored products, to control this pests plant extracts are suitable components as alternate for chemical pesticides. On the other hand herbs as natural resources that are antioxidant properti MoreThe red flour beetles Tribolium castaneum is one of the most important pests of stored products, to control this pests plant extracts are suitable components as alternate for chemical pesticides. On the other hand herbs as natural resources that are antioxidant properties, The attention of researchers for use in the food and biological systems are located. In this research theefficiency of Pimpinella anisum extract on biological activity of anise Tribolium castaneum and its antioxidant functional is evaluated. In this study, the effect of seed extract of anisum on nutritional indices of adults T.castaneum, in 3 concentrations 50, 75 and 100 µl and respiratory toxicity effects of extracts ( 50, 89, 158, 281, 500 µl of extract per liter of air) was in vitro (29 ± 1°C and 65 ± 5% R.H.). Also the antioxidant effects of P.anisum was investigated by two methods, radical scavenging, DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method and reducing power of iron method. Nutrition a lindices showed that the highest and lowest concentration, respectively, has 86/94% and 68/82% inhibition of feeding. The highest mortality concentration was 500 µl/L of air at 24 hours. The required concentration to 50% mortality of population (LC50) at 24 hours after treatment was 215/19 µl/L of air. In DPPH test, the 50% inhibitory concentration of leaf extract was higher than seed extract, the same result was obtained from the power reducing of iron test. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - Investigating the effects of resilience indicators and formulating effective strategies on eco-oriented sustainability (Study case: Faizabad neighborhood of Kermanshah city)
Mirsalar Habibi seyedali Nouri seyedjamalodin daryabariCities are always exposed to serious risks and damages, which shows the importance of risk management and prediction. Resilience is an approach that can help improve urban areas and their response in the face of crisis. The assessment of cities in terms of different ind MoreCities are always exposed to serious risks and damages, which shows the importance of risk management and prediction. Resilience is an approach that can help improve urban areas and their response in the face of crisis. The assessment of cities in terms of different indicators and their status can provide a suitable framework for managers. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of resilience indicators and developing effective strategies for their modification based on eco-oriented sustainability. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population is made up of 4830 residents of Faiz Abad neighborhood. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 356 people. Also, 50 related experts were used to formulate the strategy. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed as well as the reliability with Cronbach's alpha above 0.70. The results show that the most effective indicators in improving resilience are related to the environmental health index with a value of 0.95. Also, the index of social belonging has the ability to explain 0.85, environmental and spatial threats 0.85, economic infrastructure 0.82, social participation 0.80 and economic welfare also has 0.78 in the field of improving the resilience of Faiz Abad neighborhood. The results showed that 7 strategies can be emphasized in order to improve urban resilience based on the eco-oriented approach that including supporting and facilitating the prosperity of the economic foundations of the neighborhood, promoting social capital and education, planning the development of neighborhood tourism, reconstruction, development and creation of physical spaces, renovation facilities and incentive schemes, neighborhood environmental health, reforming and reviewing the interaction of institutions with people.Extended AbstractIntroduction:With the development of urbanization and the increase of urban population, managers and urban planners should pay more attention to the challenges caused by development in urban areas. One of the challenges facing urban managers and planners is natural or human crises. Crises are the product of unsustainable development compared to balancing the social, economic and natural environment. Urban crises, by adversely affecting the three indicators of society, economy and environment, cause great and sometimes irreparable damages to urban areas, which is one of the basic priorities of all urban planners in terms of identifying, planning and optimal management of crises; Therefore, making urban communities resilient is of particular importance. Faizabad neighborhood is one of the old neighborhoods located in the old context of Kermanshah city. This neighborhood has an economic function and valuable historical structures such as residential buildings Rande Kash, Manzi Yazdi, Teke Biglarbigi, Sarai Tawakkel, Bazaar, Teke Faiz Abad, Zorkhane Alamdar have historical and identity value. On the other hand, this neighborhood has an unfavorable physical and environmental condition, a significant percentage of the buildings in the neighborhood are dilapidated and of poor quality. Therefore, if a crisis occurs in this neighborhood, its effect will be double, so the resilience of this neighborhood is necessary to reduce the effect of the crisis. Therefore, in this research, considering the important location of this ancient fabric in Kermanshah city, it has been tried to influence various resilience indicators based on eco-oriented sustainability and provide effective strategies in order to improve them in this neighborhood.Methodology:According to its nature, the research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the intended research includes citizens living in Faiz Abad neighborhood and experts familiar with the subject. According to the statistics of the improvement and modernization plan of 2010, there are 4830 citizens living in the central part of Kermanshah. Based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample for the statistical population of citizens at the individual level was calculated as 356 people. The sampling method is at the level of citizens, which is done randomly. A statistical sample of 50 experts was also selected. There are two types of information collection methods: library (documents) and field (survey). The research collection tools are questionnaires and interviews. For analysis, the data are summarized, coded and categorized and finally processed to provide the basis for analyzes and connections between these data in order to answer the questions. The collected raw data was entered into SPSS, AMOS software and finally the data was analyzed.Results and discussion:The results of structural equation modeling have been used to investigate the effectiveness of various components or indicators of urban resilience. Examining the model shows that the drawn model has the ability to measure the effectiveness of resilience components; Because the factor loading of 18 investigated indicators was equal to 0.75 and more than 3, and this indicates the influence and role of social, economic, environmental, physical and institutional indicators (a total of 18 factors) in urban resilience. In total, it can be said that the 18 examined indicators including place belonging, social participation, resources and human capital, economic support, economic infrastructure, economic well-being, etc. can be effective in improving resilience. Examining the role of 18 in improving urban resilience shows that the total effect value is 0.75, and in total, the analyzed indicators can account for about 0.75% of the variance, role-playing and positive effects in improving urban resilience (Faizabad neighborhood). ) to explain. Based on the results of this model, the most effective is related to the environmental health index with an explanation of 0.95. The index of social belonging can explain 0.85, environmental and spatial threats can explain 0.85, economic infrastructure can explain 0.82, social participation can explain 0.80, and economic prosperity also can explain 0.78 in the field of neighborhood resilience. It has Faizabad.The results of various factors show that 7 strategies are effective in improving urban resilience components based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah city. These 7 strategies include supporting and facilitating the prosperity of the economic foundations of the neighborhood; improving social capital and education; neighborhood tourism development planning; Reconstruction, development and creation of desirable physical spaces; Renovation facilities and incentive plans; Health of the neighborhood environment; reforming and revising the interaction of institutions with people. Therefore, the mentioned strategies have been proposed from different aspects of economic, social, physical and environmental resilience, and they have tried to emphasize all aspects of urban resilience. In addition, at the level of the examined solutions or factors, the solution of promoting public belief in the government with a factor load of 0.873 is recognized as the most effective solution in the direction of urban resilience. Two indicators of the development and creation of social groups and non-governmental organizations with a factor load of 0.868 and also the continuous development of physical restoration with a priority of habitable residential buildings with a factor load of 0.816 in the second and third ranks of effective solutions in the direction of improving the components of urban resilience are knownAccording to the stated contents, in order to improve the urban resilience components based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah city, 7 strategies have been mentioned that can be effective in this field.Conclusion:The general result of this research confirms that various indicators can be effective in the urban resilience of Faizabad neighborhood. These indicators affect different social, economic, physical and environmental aspects of resilience. In this context, two indicators of environmental health and social belonging have the most impact on urban resilience. Also, in line with the improvement of urban resilience components based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah city; Supporting and facilitating the prosperity of the neighborhood's economic platforms; improving social capital and education; neighborhood tourism development planning; Reconstruction, development and creation of desirable physical spaces; Renovation facilities and incentive plans; Health of the neighborhood environment, reforming and revising the interaction of institutions with people, were recognized as key strategies. According to what was said, the resilience of Faiz Abad neighborhood requires a good and systematic management perspective in order to achieve a level of improvement and good performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Investigation on Herbicides Efficacy to Weeds Control in Lentil (Lens culinaris Med.)
Abolreza Ahmadi Said Karim Mousavi Mahdi Rastgo Mozhgan BieranvandiIn order to study the effect of herbicides [Ethalfluralin EC3.33% (3L ha-1), Trifluralin EC48% (2 L ha-1), Pendimethalin EC33% (2.5 L ha-1), Imazethapyr SC10% (1L ha-1), Metribuzin WP 70% (1kg ha-1), Simazine (1kg ha-1), Prometryn (1kg ha-1), simazine plus prometryn (0. MoreIn order to study the effect of herbicides [Ethalfluralin EC3.33% (3L ha-1), Trifluralin EC48% (2 L ha-1), Pendimethalin EC33% (2.5 L ha-1), Imazethapyr SC10% (1L ha-1), Metribuzin WP 70% (1kg ha-1), Simazine (1kg ha-1), Prometryn (1kg ha-1), simazine plus prometryn (0.5+0.5 kg ha-1) and weedy check and two times weeding in lentil an experiment was conducted as randomized completely block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications at Korramabad in 2013. The most important weed species in the experiment were Safflower ((Carthamus oxyocantha M. Bieb)), Catchweed bedstraw (Galium tricornutum subsp.), Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L), Cow cockle (Vaccaria grandiflora (Ser.) Jaub. & Spach),Chickweed (Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort.). The average of weed density in weedy control condition was 133 plant m2. By investigation of effects of different herbicides on these weeds became clear that treatment imazethapyr (0.75L ha-1 ) with 99 percent reduction in the number of weeds compared with weedy check treatment, was the best treatment and pendimethalin (3.5L ha-1) with 6.7 percent efficacy in weed control was the worest. Based on this results among whole of herbicides that those use in this expriment only metribuzin(1kg ha-1) had significantly phytotoxic effect on lentil. So, for weed control in lentil farm is not recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - Extreme value frequency analysis of annual wind for grate Khorasan
Farhad khamchin moghadam hojat Rezaee Parand Mahboobeh FarzandiThe annual fastest wind analysis of the important requirements in the design of tall building, Dams, etc. The annual fastest winds of grate Khorasan province synoptic stations selected for statistically analysis. The data were screened and the basic tests (randomness, h MoreThe annual fastest wind analysis of the important requirements in the design of tall building, Dams, etc. The annual fastest winds of grate Khorasan province synoptic stations selected for statistically analysis. The data were screened and the basic tests (randomness, homogeneity, independence, etc.) were investigated. The data of four station have outliers and not random. Five stations were not stationery and heterogeneous. The seven distribution functions Gumble type 1, gamma 2 parameters, lognormal 2 and 3 parameters, Generalized Pareto, generalized Extreme values and Pearson type 3 with five estimation methods (conventional moments, maximum likelihood, probable weighted moments, maximum entropy and modified moments) were fitted. The Ks goodness of fit test applied to determine the suitability of the chosen distribution and superior distribution. Three priorities for each station were established. Because of the physical behavior of this phenomenon is well justified. Generalized Pareto 21 times and General Extreme value 11 times were the best fitted distributions. Probability weighted moments were the best estimation methods in all distributions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
308 - تحلیل شخصیّت در کلیدر بر اساس نظریّۀ اریک فروم
مصطفی محمدی لیدا نامدار -
Open Access Article
309 - تعهد اجتماعی شاعران معاصر با رویکرد اصلاح جامعه (مطالعه مورد پژوهانه: اشعار اجتماعی مهدی اخوان ثالث)
علیرضا قبادی میلاد پوررجبی -
Open Access Article
310 - انسان محوری در رمان کلیدر محمود دولت آبادی
سیداحمد حسینیکازرونی علیرضا مناجاتی -
Open Access Article
311 - پیشگفتارهای سوررئالیسم در سیر العباد الی المعاد، منطقالطیر و دفتر سوم مثنوی معنوی
کیمیا تاج نیا مهدی اویسی کهخا اسماعیل اسلامی -
Open Access Article
312 - صور خیال در تعدادی از داستانهای محمود دولتآبادی
سیمین عوضپور -
Open Access Article
313 - واکاویی وضعیت و شخصیت شیخ هارون بن خمیس، فقیه حکومت قطبشاه
کاظم استادی -
Open Access Article
314 - بررسی تطبیقی نظام اخلاقی و مبانی اخلاق دینی از دیدگاه خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی و جلال الدین محمد دوانی
شهلا آبیار مهدی دهباشی سید حسین واعظی -
Open Access Article
315 - بررسی تطبیقی نظام اخلاقی و مبانی اخلاق دینی از دیدگاه خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی و جلال الدین محمد دوانی
شهلا آبیار مهدی دهباشی سید حسین واعظی -
Open Access Article
316 - A review on genus Calvolia Oudcmans, 1911 (Acari: Winterschmidtiidae) with a new record for Iranian fauna
M. Moradi Faradonbeh H. Ostovan M. Gheibi B. M. OConnorThe fauna of Astigmatid mites in birds' nest was studied in Isfahan province of Iran. During 2014-2016 Calvolia priapus Volgin 1990 was collected from the Eurasian magpie or common magpie nest, Pica pica (Passeriformes: Corvidae). This is the second time definition of t MoreThe fauna of Astigmatid mites in birds' nest was studied in Isfahan province of Iran. During 2014-2016 Calvolia priapus Volgin 1990 was collected from the Eurasian magpie or common magpie nest, Pica pica (Passeriformes: Corvidae). This is the second time definition of this species from the world and characters were compared with the first record. Some characters are different might be because of the difference in geographical collection sites. Since the first pictures in the original record were not clear, we draw the male and female figures by drawing tube. We also presented identification kay for all species of calvolia genus.This is a new record for Astigmata fauna of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - Faunistic survey of Mite (Acari) associated with Grapevine yards in Safiabad, Khuzestan, Iran
I. Darvishzadeh K. KamaliDuring 1997-1998 a faunistic study was carried out on mites (Acari) associated with grapevine in Safiabad, Khuzestan, south Western province of Iran. A total 39 species belonging to 37 genera and 27 families were identified respectively. The new mite records in Iran ind MoreDuring 1997-1998 a faunistic study was carried out on mites (Acari) associated with grapevine in Safiabad, Khuzestan, south Western province of Iran. A total 39 species belonging to 37 genera and 27 families were identified respectively. The new mite records in Iran indicated by the asterisk. The most abundant predator, scavenger and pest mites were Androlaelaps casalis Berlese (Laelapidae), Oppia yodai Aoki (Oppiidae) and Tenuipalpus granati Sayed (Tenuipalpidae) in Dezful region. Among collected specimens, 12 species were new records for Iran. The newly recorded mites are listed as follows. Mesostigmata Laelapidae Pseudoparasitus holaspis* (Oudemans) Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese) Hypoaspis aculifera Ganestrini Ascidae Protogamasellus sp. Lasioseius matthyssei* Chant Lasioseius phytoseioides* Chant Gamasellodes bicolor (Berlese) Phytoseiidae Euseius obtectus* Khan, Chaudri & Tahir Proprioseiopsis sp. Anthoseius rhenanus (Oudemans) Amblyseius reductus* Wainstein Macrochelidae Macrocheles scutatus* (Berlese) Ameroseiidae Ameroseius pavidus* Koch Pachylaelapidae Pachylaelaps karawaiewi (Berlese) Trachyuropodidae Oplitis conspicua (Berlese) Uropodidae Uroobovella vinicolora (Vitzthum) Ologamasidae Gamasiphis hemicapillus* Karg Prostigmata Tenuipalpidae Tenuipalpus granati Sayed Tetranychidae Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov Anystidae Anystis baccarum L. Stigmaeidae Eustigmaeus spathatus Ueckermann & Smith-Meyer Tydeidae Tydeus sp. Cheyletidae Eutogenes africannus* Wafa & Soliman Hemicheyletia bakeri (Ehara) Bdellidae Neomolgus sp. Cunaxidae Cunaxa sp. Smarididae Fessonia paillosa Berlese Raphignathidae Raphignathus gracilis (Rack) Erythraeidae Abrolophus sp. Tarsonemidae Tarsonemus sp. Pygmephoridae Pygmephorus sp. Camerobiidae Neophyllobius sp. Scutacaridae Scutacarus fragariae Rack Astigmata Acaridae Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank Rhizoglyphus robini Claparede Oribatida Euphthiracaridae Rhysotritia clavatasexion* Lions Cosmochthoniidae Cosmochthonius asiaticus* Gordeeva Oppiidae Oppia yodai* Aoki Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Study of faun ladybirds (Col., Coccinellidae) in Khorramabad district
A. Ansari pour r. vafaie j. ShakaramiLadybird fauna of farms, orchards and pastures Khorramabad district during 2009 and 2010 were studied. In this study, 19 species of 11 genera were recognized, one of which ** was new for Iran and 4 species *were new for Lorestan fauna. Collected specimens were identifie MoreLadybird fauna of farms, orchards and pastures Khorramabad district during 2009 and 2010 were studied. In this study, 19 species of 11 genera were recognized, one of which ** was new for Iran and 4 species *were new for Lorestan fauna. Collected specimens were identified using valid keys, characteristics of appearance and describe of genitalia. The identified coccinellids were as fallow: 1. Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 2. Adalia decempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 3. Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 4. Coccinella undecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)* 5. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant, 1853)* 6. Exochomus flavipes (Goeze, 1777) 7. Parexochomus pubescens (Kuster, 1848) 8. Exochomus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 9. Exochomus undulatus (Weise, 1878) 10. Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) 11. Hyperaspis quadrimaculata (Redtenbacher, 1843)** 12. Oenopia conglobata (Linnaeus, 1758) 13. Propylea quatuordecimpuctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 14. Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) 15. Scymnus apetzi (Mulsant, 1846) 16. Scymnus flavicollis (Redtenbacher, 1843)* 17. Scymnus syriacus (Marseul, 1868) 18. Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant, 1850) 19. Stethorus siphonulus (Kapur, 1948)* Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Faunistic study of Thysanoptera in Khorramabad (Lorestan Province)
A. Horri R. Jafari J. ShakaramiThe fauna of Thysanoptera was studied in Khorramabad region, Iran during 2009-2010. Altogether 8 species from 4 genera and 3 families were collected and identified Which the MoreThe fauna of Thysanoptera was studied in Khorramabad region, Iran during 2009-2010. Altogether 8 species from 4 genera and 3 families were collected and identified Which the asterisked species among them were new records for Lorestan Province. Some species are also sent to Dr. Mound in Australia for Identification or confirmation. The identified species are as fallow: 1- Thrips tabaci Lindeman,1889 2- Thrips meridionalis (Priesner,1926) 3- Thrips trehernei Priesner,1927* 4- Thrips vulgatissimus Haliday,1836* 5- Melanthrips pallidior Priesner,1919* 6- Melanthrips fuscus( Sulzer,1776)* 7- Haplothrips tritici (Kurdjumov,1912) 8- Neoheegeria dalmatica Schmutz,1909* Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - Faunestic study of some eriophyoid mites (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyoidea) in Khorramabad county, Iran
A. Delfan Sh. Jafari J. ShakaramiMites of the superfamily Eriophyoidea feed on plants and some species are important agricultural pests. Faunestic study of Eriophyoidea in Khorramabad region were carried out during 2010-2011. The sampling was performed on orchards, fruit trees and non fruit trees, weed MoreMites of the superfamily Eriophyoidea feed on plants and some species are important agricultural pests. Faunestic study of Eriophyoidea in Khorramabad region were carried out during 2010-2011. The sampling was performed on orchards, fruit trees and non fruit trees, weeds, pastures, and other plants. In this study 13 species belong to seven genera and two families on 11 host plants were collected and identified. The collected specimens were identified based on the morphological characteristics such as legs, feather claw, prodorsal plate, coxisternum plate, body setae, dorsal and ventral opisthosomal annuli and microtubercles. The lists of identified mites are as fallows, the marked species with two and one asterisk are new records for Iran and Lorestan fauna, respectively. Family: Eriophyidae 1. Eriophyes pyri (Pagenstecher) * 2. Aceria tristriatus (Nalepa)* 3. Aceria erineus (Nalepa) * 4. Aceria brachytarsus (Keifer)* 5. Aceria mackiei (Keifer) ** 6. Aceria fraxinivora (Nalepa)* 7. Aculus solani Boczek and Davis * 8. Aculus fockeui (Nalepa & Trouessary)* 9. Aculops lycopersici (Massee) 10. Aculops tetanothrix (Nalepa)* 11. Tetra glycyrrhiza Denizhan** 12. Notallus nerii Keifer* Family: Diptilomiopidae 13. Rhyncaphytopus ficifoliae Keifer* Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - Comparison two new botanical pesticides effects with two old acaricides in control of greenhouse eggplant infested by Tetranychus urticae Koch in Varamin region
Masoud Arbabi Mojtaba Khani Zinab Tajik Sosan Hassenzadeh maryam negahbanEggplant greenhouse cultivations in last two /three years found under progressing and intensive spider mite damages observed for the first time in Varamin region. Effects of two new botanical pesticides, Mariapro+Coverino-M, Bio-2, in comparison of propargite 57% MoreEggplant greenhouse cultivations in last two /three years found under progressing and intensive spider mite damages observed for the first time in Varamin region. Effects of two new botanical pesticides, Mariapro+Coverino-M, Bio-2, in comparison of propargite 57% EC and tetradifon v/w 7.52% were evaluated against Tetranychus urticae red color population on round black eggplants variety 1574 in greenhouse during spring season of 2021 in Varamin region. Spraying of treatments done with wheel burrow sprayer and effects of the them carried out by random 15 leaves collected from each treatment at one day before and 3,7and 15 days after. Mite active stages on 2cm2 on middle under side of eggplant leaf recorded by help of stereomicroscope. Abbott formula used to convert raw data in to mortality%. Mean mite mortality% of treatments analyzed with SAS software. Minimum and maximum mean active mite stages for 2ml/l Tetradifon (25.83 mites) and 1.5 ml/l of Bio-2 (44.50 mite) recorded respectively. Pesticide control effects showed a statistical significant (p<0.05) at different interval times. Higher effects (100%) for both propargite doses recorded at 3rd and 7th day of interval periods and least mortality% (58.92%) observed for tetradifon 2ml/l at 15 days’ interval time. Low slop mite mortality% found at decreasing level until 15 days for most of treatments. Spraying old registered acaricides recommended at higher spider mite infestation before harvesting period. Both new botanical pesticides can provide mite control damages during eggplant fruiting time and producing organic vegetables under greenhouses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Investigation on resistance of different almond cultivars/genotypes to two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch in laboratory and greenhouse condition
Z. SaeidiResistance of different almond cultivars/genotypes including: ‘Sefid’, ‘Mamaei’, ‘Rabie’, ‘Shokofeh’, ‘Azar’, ‘Non pariel’, ‘Shahrood 6’, ‘Shahrood 7, ‘Shahrood 12’, &l MoreResistance of different almond cultivars/genotypes including: ‘Sefid’, ‘Mamaei’, ‘Rabie’, ‘Shokofeh’, ‘Azar’, ‘Non pariel’, ‘Shahrood 6’, ‘Shahrood 7, ‘Shahrood 12’, ‘Shahrood 13’ and ‘Shahrood 21’ were studied to two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), TetranychusurticaeKoch. All cultivars/genotypes were grafted on ‘Gf677’ rootstock in 4 replications. Study was done in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Leaf discs (2.5×1.2 cm) were prepared from leaves and placed on wet cotton in a plastic petri dish and infested with 5 adult female mites (3-5 days in age). Leaf discs were kept in an incubator at 25±1 0C, RH= 55 ±5% and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D). After 72 h, mite oviposition and mortality were measured. Based on the results, the highest and lowest oviposition were observed on ‘Mamaei’ and ‘Shahrood 21’ cultivars. The highest mite mortality was observed on ‘Shahrood 13’. Biological characteristics study of TSSM on different cultivars in the laboratory showed that cultivars significantly affected survival, immature period, mature period and mite oviposition. The highest survival percentage was recorded on ‘Azar’ (88%) and the lowest on ‘Shokoofe’ (47%) and ‘Shahrood 21’ (50%). The longest (5.27 days) immature period was observed on ‘shahrood 21’. The shortest mature period was observed on ‘Shahrood 21’ (5.15 days) and ‘Shokoofe’ (5.2 days); whereas, the longest (10.45 days) was observed on ‘Mamaei’. The highest ovipositional rate (57.6 eggs/female) was observed on ‘Mamaei’; whereas, the lowest was recorded on ‘Shokoofe’ (15.1eggs/female) and ‘Shahrood 21’ (31eggs/female). Greenhouse study showed that the highest density of mite population was supported on ‘Non pareil’ and ‘Shahrood 6’ cultivars while the lowest one was reared on ‘Shokofeh’ and ‘Shahrood 21’. Results indicated that ‘Shokofeh’, ‘Shahrood 21’ and ‘Shahrood 13’ variety/genotypes were the most resistant, whereas, ‘Mamaei’ and ‘Non pariel’ were the most susceptible varieties to two-spotted spider mite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - Faunistic survey and distribution of Water mites (Acari: Hydrachnida) in Khorramabad district
R. Namdari R. Vafaei shoushtari J. ShakaramiWater mites as a dominant animal fauna of freshwater resources are a bioindicator factor of freshwater and also as an important biocontrol agent for aquatic insect pests. The research was carried out during 2008-2009 to study the aquatic mites fauna of Khorramabad distr MoreWater mites as a dominant animal fauna of freshwater resources are a bioindicator factor of freshwater and also as an important biocontrol agent for aquatic insect pests. The research was carried out during 2008-2009 to study the aquatic mites fauna of Khorramabad district. In this research 12 mite species belonging to six genera and five mite families were collected and identified and Hygrobates calliger Piersig,1896 was the most predominant species with 30% of collected species. The identified mites are as fallowing: 1) Family Hygrobatidae Koch, 1824 1-1) Hygrobates fluviatilis (Strom, 1768) 1-2) Hygrobates longiporus Thor, 1898 1-3) Hygrobates calliger Piersig, 1896 1-4) Hygrobates bucharicus Sokolow, 1928 1-5) Hygrobates sp. 1-6) Atractides acutirostris Motas & Angelier, 1927 1-7) Atractides mirkopesici Pesic, 2004 Family Sperchontidae Thor, 1900 2) 2-1) Sperchon sp. 3) Family Lebertiidae Thor, 1900 3-1) Lebertia sp. 4) Family Torrenticolidae Piersig, 1902 4-1) Torrenticola brevirostris (Halbert, 1911) 4-2) Montractides aberratus (Lundblad, 1941) 5) Family Mideopsidae Koenike, 1910 5-1) Mideopsis roztoczensis Biesiadka & Kowalik, 1987 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - تحلیل فضایی توزیع خدمات شهری از منظر عدالت اجتماعی، مورد: نواحی شهری خرمآباد
حسین حاتمی نژاد اکبر لرستانی سجاد احمدی رضا ویسی -
Open Access Article
325 - اثرگذاری جمعیت نوشهرها بر گره ها در سازمان یابی فضایی سکونتگاههای روستایی (نمونه موردی: شهر ملک آباد شهرستان مشهد)
سیمین تقدیسی زنجانی مهدی جهانی ثانی حمید جعفری -
Open Access Article
326 - تحلیلی بر پایداری اجتماعی و سنجش آن در نواحی شهری نظرآباد
کرامت الله زیاری علیرضا گروسی سمیه نوزارع -
Open Access Article
327 - اولویت بندی صنایع تبدیلی و تکمیلی خرما در دهستانهای شهرستان آبادان
محسن شایان محمود میری -
Open Access Article
328 - شناسایی نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت ها و تهدیدهای اقتصاد شهرهای مرزی با استفاده از مدل swot(نمونه موردی: قصرشیرین)
احسان مهدوی بیژن رحمانی -
Open Access Article
329 - منشأیابی رخساره های فرسایش بادی حوزه آبخیز میاندشت اسفراین
حمید علی پور سیده نگار هاشمی نسب جعفر دستورانی یاسر شهنواز -
Open Access Article
330 - آمایش مناطق مرزی و تدوین راهبردهای توسعه در منطقه مرزی تایباد
علیرضا عندلیب مژده جوانشیری -
Open Access Article
331 - بررسی ارتباط ابعاد کالبدی - فضایی و توسعه پیادهروی در شهر تهران (نمونه موردی: محلات امیرآباد و دانشگاه تهران)
نبی مرادپور احمد پوراحمد حسین حاتمی نژاد -
Open Access Article
332 - تاثیر واحدهای ژئومورفولوژیکی و ویژگیهای آن بر عیار اقتصادی محصول بادام درختی(نمونه موردی: منطقه بهارستان سبزوار)
ابراهیم تقوی مقدم محمد علی زنگنه اسدی ابراهیم امیری -
Open Access Article
333 - آسیب شناسی شهرستان علیآباد کتول از منظر سیلخیزی با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی
سیده الهام داوری مرضیه امینی مریم زارع -
Open Access Article
334 - Analysis Of “Rival Wife” Character In “Shohare Ahoo Khanomand” And ”Kelidar Novels”
Azim Jabbareh naseroo Roghayeh(parichehr) KoohnavardThe purpose of this study was to analysis of “rival wife” character in contemporary fiction literature. One of the features of contemporary literature is more attention to social issues and significant presence of woman in the field of poetry, prose and espe MoreThe purpose of this study was to analysis of “rival wife” character in contemporary fiction literature. One of the features of contemporary literature is more attention to social issues and significant presence of woman in the field of poetry, prose and especially fiction; the link between social issues and the language is evident; according to linguists; language is the mirror of thought and intellectual developments of society. Mahmoud Dowlat Abadi and Ali Mohammad Afghani are considered as the outstanding contemporary authors, projecting the social issues in their writings. One of these phenomena is developing the "rival wife" character."Shohare Ahoo Khanom" and "Kelidar"; both are the most influent contemporary novels that woman character in position of " rival wife " have the bold role in their plot .In this study, besides to analysis of these characters, we found that "Dowlatabadi" and "Afghani" for better creation and more realistic characters have benefited which fictional elements. The present research performed by descriptive-analytic method. The findings showed that both writers used direct method to develop the "rival wife" character well. Among indirect methods, Dolat Abadi relatively used ‘describing’ and Afghani applied ‘discussion’ method. Despite that both writers expressed problems and negative consequences of polygamy well, but they traced such an issue in male and biased view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - مکان یابی احداث سدهای خاکی کوچک در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک با روش تحلیل چند معیاره مکانی (SMCE)
مسلم چابک بلداجی هادی زارعی محمودآبادی محمد علی شیرزاده محمد حسن زادهیکی از راه حلهای کارآمد و مناسب برای بهینه سازی استفاده از رواناب به ویژه درمناطق خشک و نیمه خشک، استفاده ازسدهای خاکی کوچک است. که ضمن کاهش خسارات ناشی از سیل، در تغذیه مصنوعی سفره آب زیرزمینی، احیای مراتع و بیابان زدایی موثر است.در سالهای اخیر، توسعه و بهره برداری از Moreیکی از راه حلهای کارآمد و مناسب برای بهینه سازی استفاده از رواناب به ویژه درمناطق خشک و نیمه خشک، استفاده ازسدهای خاکی کوچک است. که ضمن کاهش خسارات ناشی از سیل، در تغذیه مصنوعی سفره آب زیرزمینی، احیای مراتع و بیابان زدایی موثر است.در سالهای اخیر، توسعه و بهره برداری از منابع آب و خاک در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک، ضرورتی انکارناپذیر است که بهر ه برداری از سیلابهای آنی در این مناطق یکی از این زمینهها است. یکی از مسائلی مهمی که در زمینه طراحی مکان احداث این سازههای مهندسی در حوزههای آبخیز وجود دارد، بحث مکان یابی صحیح این سازهها بر روی رودخانه اصلی حوزه می باشد. عدم وجود یک راه ریاضی و منطقی به منظور اولویت بندی عملیات اجرایی این سازهها ما را بر آن داشت تا با استفاده از مدل ارزیابی چند معیاره مکانی و تلفیق لایههای اطلاعاتی که از اهداف اصلی این تحقیق می باشد، مکانهای مناسب جهت احداث سد خاکی بر روی رودخانههای اصلی حوزه آبخیز یوسف آباد طبس بپردازیم. لذا با استفاده از ترکیب نقشههای رستریمربوط به محدودیت مکانی (حریم رودخانه)، عوامل مکانی طبیعی (درصد شیب، حریم از رودخانه، واحدهای ژئومورفولوژی و ویژگیهای زمین شناسی )، عوامل اقتصادی (منابع قرضه، حریم از راه، حریم از قنات و حریم از مناطق مسکونی) در محیط برنامه نویسی ارزیابی چند معیاره مکانی، نرم افزار ILWIS 3.31 طراحی شد. ابتدا لایههای مکانی به فرمت این نرم افزار در آورده شد. سپس لایههای مکانی ناهمگون با یکدیگر، تلفیق و همگون سازی شدند و همگی ارزشهای فازی صفر تا یک را گرفتند. به دلیل یکسان نبودن ارزش لایهها، لایهها وزن دهی شدند. در نهایت، تلفیق لایهها انجام شد و نقشه شاخص ترکیبی به دست آمد که در آن مکانهای مساعد جهت احداث سد خاکی منطقه مطالعاتی، الویت بندی گردید و بهترین مکان جهت انجام عملیات اجرائی در حوزه مشخص شد. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان داد مکان احداث، از نظر مهندسی و از نظر مردمی مورد تأیید کارشناسان و مردم بومی منطقه بود. و می توان ازعان نمود، دقت، صحت و سرعت و توانائی بالای این مدل می تواند برای حوزههای آبخیز دیگری نیز انجام گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - محاسبه نیاز آب زیست محیطی حوضه کارون بزرگ و زیرحوضه آبریز کارون علیا
کاظم حمادی لیلا نوذریان هوشنگ حسونی زادهنیاز محیط زیست رودخانه، مقدار آبی است که برای حفظ شرایط طبیعی اکولوژیکی و سلامت کیفی آب رودخانه مورد نیاز می باشد. در این پژوهش برآورد نیاز آبی زیست محیطی رودخانه های کارون، دز، کارون بزرگ و زیر حوضه بهشت آباد (کارون علیا) با استفاده از روش هیدرولوژیکی مونتانا و روش هید Moreنیاز محیط زیست رودخانه، مقدار آبی است که برای حفظ شرایط طبیعی اکولوژیکی و سلامت کیفی آب رودخانه مورد نیاز می باشد. در این پژوهش برآورد نیاز آبی زیست محیطی رودخانه های کارون، دز، کارون بزرگ و زیر حوضه بهشت آباد (کارون علیا) با استفاده از روش هیدرولوژیکی مونتانا و روش هیدرولوژیکی پیشنهادی مبتنی بر تحلیل فراوانی جریان در حالت طبیعی و استفاده از چندک ها صورت گرفت. برآورد ها نشان می دهد که نیاز آبی زیست محیطی شاخه کارون حدود 4800، شاخه دز 3000 ، کارون بزرگ 8000 و زیر حوضه بهشت آباد حدود 800 میلیون مترمکعب در سال می باشدکه در این صورت آب مازاد برای انتقال از سد و تونل بهشت آباد به فلات مرکزی وجود نخواهد داشت و این زیرحوضه فقط توانایی تأمین مصارف درون خود، انتقال آب از طریق تونلهای کوهرنگ و نیاز زیست محیطی خود را دارا است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - شبیهسازی منابع و مصارف سد مخزنی مهاباد با سیاست تامین حداکثری مصارف با استفاده از نرم افزار HEC-ResSim
میثم اسدی لور علیرضا پرویشی بهره­برداری از مخزن یکی از موضوعات کلیدی در بین مسائل گوناگون منابع آب می­باشد. در ارزیابی طرحهای برنامهریزی منابع آب معمولا به جنبه­های تامین آب برای نیازهای مصرفی و اثرات زیست­محیطی آن مورد توجه میباشد؛ و در این میان اثرات این طرح­ها بر ا More بهره­برداری از مخزن یکی از موضوعات کلیدی در بین مسائل گوناگون منابع آب می­باشد. در ارزیابی طرحهای برنامهریزی منابع آب معمولا به جنبه­های تامین آب برای نیازهای مصرفی و اثرات زیست­محیطی آن مورد توجه میباشد؛ و در این میان اثرات این طرح­ها بر انرژی تولیدی در نیروگاه­ها مورد توجه قرار نمی­گیرد. در این پژوهش سعی شده اثرات تغییر منحنی فرمان سد مهاباد در قالب دو سناریو عملکرد مخزن از زاویه تولید انرژی برقابی در سد (مهاباد) و تامین نیازهای حداکثری پایین دست مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. سناریوهای برنامهریزی شامل سناریو I (حفظ حجم مخزن سد مهاباد در شرایط خشکسالی و ترسالی در رقوم نرمال) و سناریوII (تامین حداکثری نیازهای کشاورزی و تولید برق آبی) می باشد که جهت شبیه سازی به صورت ماهانه وارد مدل Hec-ResSim شد. در این مدل بر اساس اطلاعات دریافتی از شرکت مدیریت منابع آب، مشخصات هندسی مخزن سد مهاباد و اطلااعات مصرفکنندههای پایین دست سد مهاباد و نیاز زیست محیطی رودخانه مهاباد ترسیم و به عنوان ورودی وارد مدل شبیه ساز شد. مدل برای یک دوره 29 ساله از سال 1370 تا 1399 اجرا و نتایج نشان از برتری سناریو II بر سناریو I داشت به طوریکه در شرایط اجرای سناریو II میزان تامین بخش کشاورزی از 7/30 درصد به 3/63 درصد افزایش یافته بود؛ همچنین با اجرای سناریو II میزان تولید انرژی برقآبی از 1/38 مگاوات در ساعت به 3/43 مگاوات در ساعت افزایش داشت. Manuscript profile -
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338 - بررسی مبادله آب مجازی و تأثیر آن بر بهره وری آب در اراضی تحت پوشش شبکه آبیاری و زهکشی میاناب شوشتر
افشان فارغ زاده اصلان اگدرنژادآب اولین و اساسی ترین عامل محدود کننده تولید محصولات کشاورزی است و بدون شک، بحران آب به عنوان یکی از چالش های بین المللی مورد توجه دولت ها و جوامع بشری می باشد. با توجه به اینکه آب مجازی برای اولین بار به عنوان راهی برای مقابله با کمبود آب در کشورهای دارای منابع آب محدو Moreآب اولین و اساسی ترین عامل محدود کننده تولید محصولات کشاورزی است و بدون شک، بحران آب به عنوان یکی از چالش های بین المللی مورد توجه دولت ها و جوامع بشری می باشد. با توجه به اینکه آب مجازی برای اولین بار به عنوان راهی برای مقابله با کمبود آب در کشورهای دارای منابع آب محدود مورد استفاده قرار گرفت، لذا کشورهای با آب کم باید به واردات مواد غذایی از کشورهای دارای آب فراوان به منظور صرفه جویی در منابع محدود آب بپردازند. بنابراین آب مجازی می تواند در کشورهای کم آب مانند ایران به عنوان راهکاری برای کاهش فشار بر منابع آب در نظر گرفت. لذا توجه به مقوله آب مجازی به عنوان راهکاری جهت مدیریت مصرف آب در شرایط بحرانی کم آبی می تواند ضروری به نظر برسد. هدف از این پژوهش، محاسبه آب مجازی محصولات کشاورزی بوده و پس از شناسایی جریان آب مجازی و برآورد میزان آن، شاخص های میزان صادرات، واردات و خالص مبادله آب مجازی، بهره وری، شدت مصرف آب در منطقه و وابستگی یا خودکفایی منطقه به آب مورد نیاز بررسی شده است. محصولات مورد مطالعه در این پژوهش، صیفی جات شامل خیار و گوجه فرنگی بوده که اطلاعات مورد نیاز از سال 1390 الی 1396 جمع آوری شد. نتایج نشان داد، صیفی جات جزء محصولات کم مصرف با بهره وری آب بالا قرار دارند و صادرات آب مجازی در مقایسه با واردات آب مجازی بیشتر بوده و خالص آب مبادله آب مجازی 32/7838- مترمکعب در هکتار است. همچنین شدت وابستگی به آب در منطقه پژوهش در طول دوره افزایشی بوده و در کل از نظر تأمین آب مورد نیاز برای تولید محصولات کشاورزی (خیار و گوجه فرنگی) خودکفا می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - بررسی توابع انتقالی رگرسیون چند متغیره، شبکه پرسپرترون چند لایه و توابع پایه شعاعی جهت برآورد ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی خاکهای شمال اهواز
علی صالحی کامران محسنی فر علی غلامیبرای تخمین ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی خاک (CEC) به روش غیر مستقیم از توابع انتقالی استفاده میشود. چون (CEC) یکی از شاخصهای مهم حاصلخیزی خاک است که به دلیل هزینهبر و وقتگیر بودن کمتر به صورت مستقیم اندازهگیری میشود. هدف از این تحقیق برآورد (CEC) خاک با استفاده از رگرسیون Moreبرای تخمین ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی خاک (CEC) به روش غیر مستقیم از توابع انتقالی استفاده میشود. چون (CEC) یکی از شاخصهای مهم حاصلخیزی خاک است که به دلیل هزینهبر و وقتگیر بودن کمتر به صورت مستقیم اندازهگیری میشود. هدف از این تحقیق برآورد (CEC) خاک با استفاده از رگرسیون چند متغیره و شبکههای عصبی مصنوعی از روی خصوصیات زودیافت خاک میباشد. به این منظور اندازهگیریها برای 100 نمونه خاک شامل 1000 اندازهگیری شامل اندازه توزیع ذرات خاک، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، مواد آلی، آهک، تخلخل، میانگین هندسی قطر و انحراف معیار هندسی، انجام شد. پس از شناسایی دادههای پرت و حذف آنها آزمون نرمال بودن دادهها صورت گرفت. با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS رگرسیون چند متغیره بین (CEC) و ویژگیهای زودیافت خاک برقرار شد. سپس بسط توابع انتقالی برای ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی خاک با استفاده از پارامترهای موجود با شبکه عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه (MLP) و شبکه عصبی تابع پایه شعاعی (RBF) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد مواد آلی و رس خاک که منابع اصلی بار منفی خاک مـیباشـند با بالاترین ضریب تبیین 0.97 در برآورد CEC نقش دارند و مدل رگرسیون چند متغیره به طور کلی با ضریب تبیین 0.87 روش نسبتا مناسبی جهت برآورد CEC میباشد و شبکه MLP، با تابع انتقال تانژانت سیگموئید در لایه میانی و تابع انتقال خطی در لایه خروجی و الگوریتم آموزشی بیزین با ضریب تبیین 97/0 و میانگین مربعات خطای013/0 قادر است CEC را با خطای کمتری برآورد کند. برای شبکه RBF ضریب تبیین برابر 55/0 و خطای 017/0 در مرحله تست شبکه بدست آمد. درمجموع با توجه به نتایج حاصل مشخص شد که MLP به دلیل اینکه برای دادههایی که به صورت خطی قابل تفکیک نیستند را میتواند بهتر متمایز کند، دارای خطای کمتر و بعد از آن رگرسیون چند متغیره بهترین مدلها در مدلسازی و تخمینCEC می باشد درصورتی که شبکه های RBF به دلیل حساس بودن به ورودیها از دقت کمی در منطقه مورد مطالعه برخوردار میباشند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
340 - ارزیابی استفاده از اصلاح کننده گچ، در اصلاح خاکهای شور و قلیا در اراضی جنوب خوزستان
محمد والی پور حسین سخایی راداصلاح خاکها، یکی از روشهای توسعه اراضی کشاورزی محسوب میگردد. وجود یون سدیم در کنار شوری، تشکیل یک خاک شور– سدیمی را داده و موجب بروز مشکلات فراوانی در روند رویشی گیاهان میگردد. لذا اتخاذ راهکارهای لازم جهت اصلاح این خاکها، با توسل به روشهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی، Moreاصلاح خاکها، یکی از روشهای توسعه اراضی کشاورزی محسوب میگردد. وجود یون سدیم در کنار شوری، تشکیل یک خاک شور– سدیمی را داده و موجب بروز مشکلات فراوانی در روند رویشی گیاهان میگردد. لذا اتخاذ راهکارهای لازم جهت اصلاح این خاکها، با توسل به روشهای فیزیکی و شیمیایی، همچون کاربرد کلسیم در آبشویی، اجتناب ناپذیر به نظر میرسد.در این تحقیق، جهت بررسی وضعیت خاکهای منطقه، با حفر پروفیل، از اعماق20 -0 ، 40- 20 ، 60 - 40 ، 80- 60 و 100 –80سانتیمتری خاک،اقدام به تهیه نمونه گردید. و پس از تجزیه آن در آزمایشگاه و محاسبه مقادیرECe,SAR ،ESP‎‏،CEC وغیره، به مطالعه خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی آن پرداخته شد. این پژوهش، به صورت طرح بلوکهای کاملاً تصادفی، با 2 تیمار (شاهد، ماده اصلاح کننده گچ) و 3 تکرار، در کرتهای فلزی1*1 متری اجرا گردید. مقدار آب مورد نیاز جهت آبشویی، به میزان 100 سانتیمتر و در 5 مرحله (هر مرحله به عمق 20 سانتیمتر) تعیین گردید. پس از پایان هر مرحله، نمونهبرداریها در 4 عمق تعیین شده از خاک، انجام و آزمایشات صورت گرفت. بررسی نتایج و تجزیه و تحلیل آماری آنها، بیانگر آن است که تاثیر کاربرد گچ، بر روند آبشویی، در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد، تفاوت معناداری نشان نمیدهد. این موضوع را میتوان به انحلال گچ موجود در خاک در اثر نفوذ آب به درون خاک، مربوط دانست. پیشنهاد میگردد برای خنثی کردن تاثیر سدیم بالای اراضی در راندهای اولیه آبشویی، از آب شور (زهاب کشاورزی موجود) بدون استفاده از گچ استفاده گردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
341 - A Hybrid Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making to Evaluate and Select a Viable Supplier (Case Study: Drug)
Zeinab Sazvar Pooneh Hamrahi Seyyed Zakia al-Sadat Mousavi JamGiven the complex conditions of businesses today and the occurrence of events such as the COVID-19 epidemic, organizations are thinking about higher operational speed and agility in the context of digital transformations. With the changes brought about by the fourth ind MoreGiven the complex conditions of businesses today and the occurrence of events such as the COVID-19 epidemic, organizations are thinking about higher operational speed and agility in the context of digital transformations. With the changes brought about by the fourth industrial revolution and digital transformations, organizations and supply chains should move towards using the components of the fourth industrial revolution. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to assess and select pharmaceutical suppliers in hospitals in line with the paradigms of viable supply chains. Considering the paradigms of viable supply chains (Lean-Agility, Resilience, Sustainability, and Digitalization), 21 criteria have been selected for evaluating suppliers. The criteria and sub-criteria have been weighted using the hybrid FDEMATEL-FBWM method, wherein the paradigms of Lean-Agility, Resilience, Digitalization, and Sustainability are of respective importance. Among the sub-criteria for evaluating suppliers, speed, distance, supply capacity, information sharing, financial capability, and crisis management have been chosen as the most important. According to the weights obtained from the mentioned hybrid method, suppliers have been prioritized using the VIKOR method. The findings of this study have been compared with the combined FAHP-TOPSIS method for validation due to the novelty of the solution method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
342 - Developing Model of Bus Dwell Time at Regular Bus Stops (Case Study: Abadan City)
Roohangiz Namdari Atousa TangestaniThe bus system is one of the public transportation system subsets and it is the most predominant types of public transportations in developing countries. Researchers show that bus dwell time at the bus stop is an important part of the total traveling time which can take MoreThe bus system is one of the public transportation system subsets and it is the most predominant types of public transportations in developing countries. Researchers show that bus dwell time at the bus stop is an important part of the total traveling time which can take nearly 26 percent of the total commuting time. Selecting process factors are of the commonly used components in bus dwell time modeling at the bus stop which are less considered by scholars. In this study, the affecting parameters are boarding and alighting passengers, number of standee ones on a bus, fare payment methods and number of passengers that don’t know the rout. The used data in this study is obtained from the number of regular route bus stop at Abadan city which was taken by SPSS software. Creating the databank, the Linear Polynomial Regression Models concerning an investigation of the effects of variables on the passengers' wait time are estimated. Since the traffic in Abadan is not so slow and streets do not suffer from the of lack of high traffic load, studying the bus dwell time at bus stops seems required to proper urban traffic planning and decision making, make schedules of bus lines, simulate bus routes and ultimately to develop and improve the public transportation system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
343 - Evaluation of the Effectiveness of PositivePsychology Education on Psychological Well-being and Academic Achievement (Case Study: Adolescent Female JuniorHigh School Students in Abadeh(
Elahe Aslami Hashemi Ardekani Seyed Javad The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology education on psychological well-being and academic achievement of female junior high school students in Abadeh city.The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test a More The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychology education on psychological well-being and academic achievement of female junior high school students in Abadeh city.The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study consisted of female junior high school studentswho were studying in Abadeh city in the academic year 2020-2021. Thirty students were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In order to collect research data, Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale (1989) and Pham and Taylor (1999) Academic Achievement Scale were used. The experimental group was trained in positive psychology for 10 sessions and the experimental group did not receive any training. In order to analyze the data, the statistical method of analysis of covariance of multivariate using SPSS software version 22 was used. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference (P <0.001) in psychological well-being and academic achievement of adolescents between the two groups of experiments and control. positive psychology education significantly increased psychological well-being and the academic achievement of adolescent female junior high school students of Abadeh thus we can teach it to students in schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
344 - Comparison of social and social exchange styles among patients with Gastrointestinal and cardiac cancer and normal group
Majid Saffarinia Mehdi KhaliliComparison of social and social exchange styles among patients withGastrointestinal and cardiac cancer and normal groupAbstractObjective: In the present study, the comparison of the sociological effects of behavior and social exchange style in cancer and heart patients MoreComparison of social and social exchange styles among patients withGastrointestinal and cardiac cancer and normal groupAbstractObjective: In the present study, the comparison of the sociological effects of behavior and social exchange style in cancer and heart patients with normal individuals was compared. Methods: The research community included cancer patients who had visited the offices of oncologists and cardiologists; 90 people were randomly selected and they were randomly divided into 3 groups of 30. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (one-way analysis of variance and follow-up test) were used. Individuals responded to Liebmann's (2011) and Pan-Socialism (2002) social exchange style questionnaires. Results: There was no significant difference between the social exchange style of people with heart disease and cancer and normal people. But there is a significant difference between the socialization of people with heart disease and cancer and that of normal people. Conclusion: By recognizing the characteristics of socialization and its negative effects, and recognizing the desired social exchange style, we can take a step towards the recovery of chronic patients with gastrointestinal cancer and heart patients.Keywords: social exchange style, socialism, gastrointestinal cancer and heart disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - The study of situational Irony In Dolat Abadie’s story and Dramas
razie fani aski firooz fazeli mahmood ranjbarIrony of situation is result from phantasms, imaginations and concepts that it will be made of elements are service the situation. This sort of irony has an especial place in Fiction and dramas. Dolat Abadie’s story and Dramas have an especial position in fiction. MoreIrony of situation is result from phantasms, imaginations and concepts that it will be made of elements are service the situation. This sort of irony has an especial place in Fiction and dramas. Dolat Abadie’s story and Dramas have an especial position in fiction. Because of critical language and authority of Theme’s writer in demonstration of specific problems. Personification, scene, plot and actions in this works have potential power for Irony of situation and Grotesque showing. Therefore we endeavor to indicate all kinds of ironical situation and Grotesque in this research, methods of creating them and Theme’s social reflections. With deliberation in this works we see that Characterization and Comic actions are the dominant factor of creation of situational irony. This case is more dominant in drama. Plot. And network of communication between Characters have important roles in ironical behavior action, situation, scene and dialogue. But character’s situation is the pivotal point and other formation. Moreover satirize Management system. The Most important subjects that are writer’s purpose are: cultural and Jeopardy of Society, Modernism, lack of justice and exist of corruption in diverse class in society Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Examining naturalistic effects in Dolatabadi and Dervishian short stories
roonak samadi khalil baygzadeh Roqieh sadraieThe literary school of naturalism emerged from the point of realism that considered nature as an influential element in the structure of life, and its purpose was expressing the painful facts of society.The author's style Dolatabadi and Darvishian is Realism and is one MoreThe literary school of naturalism emerged from the point of realism that considered nature as an influential element in the structure of life, and its purpose was expressing the painful facts of society.The author's style Dolatabadi and Darvishian is Realism and is one of the most talented writers among the third-generation story writers of Iranian fiction literature. Short stories Despite the differences in writing style, in the dimension of thought there are similarities in the aspect of thought that the two authors' naturalistic thoughts in their short stories are one of these similarities, as many naturalistic theories in the short stories of Dolatabadi and Darvishyans which is generally related to the atmosphere of Iran that has seen during the Second Pahlavi era.These writers depict the ugliness of the Iranian society of the 1990s clearly under certain conditions of the political and social conditions of the Pahlavi era.Therefore, the research has been conducted with the aim of explaining the naturalist effects in the works of Dolatabadi and Darvishian with a descriptive-analytical approach. Its achievement is analyzing the common features of naturalism:poverty and unemployment, violence against women, ignorance and superstition, lack of love and Beauty, the function of colloquial language, detailed descriptions the details, death and a sad ending describing the suffering and difficulties of life. Failure to respect the words and concepts is a dark and annoying atmosphere in the short stories of these two writers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - The universal female archetype in Naserkhoro Ghobadiani’s poem
Arezoo Ahmadbeigi Ghorbanali ebrahimi shahrzad niaziThe universal female archetype is one of the oldest images which are emerged in primitive Persian poem of some poets of which Roudaki, Ferdousi, Manouchehri, Naserkhosro and Khaghani are highly mentioned and had been existed until 8th century. Naserkhosro is one the poe MoreThe universal female archetype is one of the oldest images which are emerged in primitive Persian poem of some poets of which Roudaki, Ferdousi, Manouchehri, Naserkhosro and Khaghani are highly mentioned and had been existed until 8th century. Naserkhosro is one the poets who used this archetype abundantly in his poems and mainly indicated the contributed negative traits between the female and the universe, as well and applied them in his own imaginable structure. These main traits are mentioned as: the glories, the oldness, the evil behavior, magic, being not loyal, unkindness, cruelty, wilderness, lying, being deceived, evilness, the husband-killing, being harlot, and ambiguity,. This article analyzes the universal female in Naserkhoro Ghobadiani’s poem and indicates its effect on the changes and evolutions, the qualities and quantities of the image-making in these poems by Khorasani’s style and also, proposes the effect of this imaginable structure in the poetic procedure and the thought of this scientist. The proposed study illustrates that the universal female before Naserkhosro, time escape and death frightening lead to the emergence of the archetype. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Application of the "minority literature" approach in the novel "Al-Thalaj Yati Min Al-Nafza" by Hana Mina and the novel "Jai Khali Salouch" by Mahmoud Dolatabadi
maryam ghorbanali Ashraf chegini mohammadali shefaeeJill Deleuze is one of the greatest contemporary philosophers, including thinkers in the field of minority literature studies has had significant. "Minority" is the breaking of the shackles that bind us to certain ways of thinking in order to eliminate and achieve conve MoreJill Deleuze is one of the greatest contemporary philosophers, including thinkers in the field of minority literature studies has had significant. "Minority" is the breaking of the shackles that bind us to certain ways of thinking in order to eliminate and achieve conventional realms through demilitarization. Becoming or becoming means the transitions through which a concept is transformed.The minority becomes a resistance to the ideology of the majority and represents an escape from the norms of the majority. All forms are to go to the literature of the minority and to become a minority. Becoming plays a central role in Deleuze's view. He uses the rhizome to explain his philosophy of becoming. In this research, in a descriptive-analytical method, while providing a definition of minority literature, an attempt is made to analyze and recognize this theory in the novel Verman Jai Khali Salouch. Thrill comes from its influence.By reading two novels, according to the approach of minority literature, we found that the features of this thinking are among the most important It is characterized by deterritorialization to achieve becoming, and the application of this approach is possible in both novels. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - An Archetypal Reading of Forough Farrokhzad's "The Wind Will Take Us Away" from the Perspective of Northrop Frye
Seyed Reza EbrahimiIn his Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye argues that the mythical mode is the most abstract and stylized of all literary modes. Frye uses the seasons in his archetypal schema, aligning each season with a literary genre. He argues that a hero's life mimics the cycle of MoreIn his Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye argues that the mythical mode is the most abstract and stylized of all literary modes. Frye uses the seasons in his archetypal schema, aligning each season with a literary genre. He argues that a hero's life mimics the cycle of the yearly seasons, with comedy aligning with spring, romance with summer, tragedy with autumn, and satire with winter. Critics consider Forough Farrokhzad's "Another Birth" collection to be the manifestation of her intellectual and poetic evolution cycle, endowed with a profound look and thought about the myth of creation. One of the notable poems in this collection is "The Wind Will Take Us Away". Using Northrop Frye's Archetypal criticism, this study aims to investigate the transformation in the vision and thought that the poem presents in the archetypes expressed with the concepts of the seasons. The findings show that the subject of the poem, passing through the love myth and romance of her life and entering the field of the winter myth, achieves understanding, awareness, and new experiences, making a thoughtful expression of the concept of love. This transformation can be found in the transformation of the concept of love, which passes from a physical, transitory concept associated with destruction and coldness, to a heavenly and eternal sphere that is comforting, warm, and life-giving. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - A Comparative Study of Nezami's Leyla and Majnu and Khana Ghobadi's Leyla and Majnun
Jamal ahmadi Shno salemLeyla and Majnun is a long narrative poem which has it root among Arabs in the first century. The story went to other cultures very soon. Especially after the arrival of Muslim Arabs to promote Islamic thought, culture and studies including stories and anecdotes travell MoreLeyla and Majnun is a long narrative poem which has it root among Arabs in the first century. The story went to other cultures very soon. Especially after the arrival of Muslim Arabs to promote Islamic thought, culture and studies including stories and anecdotes travelled to other civilizations. Hakim Nezami Ganjavi (614- 530, H), originally Kurdish poet of the sixteen century, wrote Leyla and Majnun in Persian in 4700 lines. The story then imitated by many other Kurdish and Persian poets. Kaha Ghobadi (1191- 1115) wrote this story in Kurdish verse with Gorani dialect. The number of lines of this long narrative poem is 1644. Khana as a great poet of 12th century had his own narration of the same story. The writers of this study using an analytical- descriptive method seek to investigate the similarities and differences between the two works and the rate of impact of Nezami on Khana in writing Leyla and Majnun. The results show that Khana probably have used other sources of Kurdish oral literature beside Nezami's for writing Leyla and Majnun. The other minor result suggests that Nezami most probably have used other sources in his mother tongue along with Arabic texts and narrations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - A Sociological Criticism on “Safar” (Traveling) Novel
Jamal Adhami Parviz Jahangiri Chenor DidariThe present article offers a sociological criticism on “Safar” novel. The sociological criticism as an important approach in sociology of literature , studies interaction between novel and society, as well as, the effect of them on ea MoreThe present article offers a sociological criticism on “Safar” novel. The sociological criticism as an important approach in sociology of literature , studies interaction between novel and society, as well as, the effect of them on each other. First persian novels since constitutionalism era to the contemporary period, there has been a specific connection between structure and content of Persian novel and Iranian society. With more complex dominant relationship in Iranian society including social, political and cultural spheres, structure of Persian, structure of Persian novel has oriented to a critical realism. In the “safar” novel , as a literary work that is result of transition period changes, the author by choosing the life of an ordinary family in suburb area, shows tragic dimensions of this social class influenced by those transformations. So in this study firstly we are going to refer to dominant theories on sociological criticism and give an theoretical explanation on society changes based on “safar” novel based on documentary method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - A Survey on Ideological views of a Novelist: Naturalistic Analysis of Mahmoud Dowlatabadi’s Stories
Kiumars RahmaniNaturalism was a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. Naturalism is the outgrowth of literary reali MoreNaturalism was a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. Naturalism is the outgrowth of literary realism, a prominent literary movement in mid-19th-century France and elsewhere. Naturalistic writers were influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution, philosophical-literal ideas of Taine and experiments of a physiologist named Claude Bernard. Also, philosophical opinions of Kant and Taine which were based on interpretations of social life and relationships influenced the principles of naturalism importantly. Thus, Naturalists believe that people’s behavior has the tendency to be objectified and treated like a machine and it would be impossible to judge it morally because of heredity, environment and moment is inevitable. Hence, we can have knowledge of the mechanisms of natural phenomena in man to define rational and emotional parts of his being which are under the influence of heredity, environment, and the moment. This paper aimed at identifying and describing the naturalistic aspects of Mahmoud Dowlatabadi stories. Naturalistic analysis of his stories can help us to have better in depth insight of his ideology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
353 - The Analysis of Nezâmi Ganje'e's Sâghinâmeh and the Real Number of it's Verses
Sayyed Ahmad Parsa Mohammad Azad MazhariSâghinâmeh (bacchanalian verse) is one of the varieties of Persian poetry which has been mostly composed in the form of mathnawi and in bahre motaghâreb mothamman mahzoof, and the poet while addressing sâghi (cupbearer) and the moghanni (singer), MoreSâghinâmeh (bacchanalian verse) is one of the varieties of Persian poetry which has been mostly composed in the form of mathnawi and in bahre motaghâreb mothamman mahzoof, and the poet while addressing sâghi (cupbearer) and the moghanni (singer), he recounts the reasons why he summons them. The aim of the present research is to analyze Nezâmi Ganje'e's Sâghinâmeh in which the reasons for summoning sâghi (cupbearer), the poet's images about wine and drinking it, the real number of verses in Nezâmi's Sâghinâmeh and moghanninâmeh and his motive for composing this kind of poetry will be discussed. The method of study in this paper is the analysis of content, and its supporting evidence has been collected via library research and text analysis. The results demonstrate that it is probable to achieve better understanding of Nezâmi's Sâghinâmeh through this analysis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
354 - Comparative Analysis of Religious Teachings on Poetry Of Abi Altahyh and Naser Khosrow Qbadyany
Fereshte SaffariOne of the most fundamental issues of human societies is the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture MoreOne of the most fundamental issues of human societies is the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture in Muslim countries is heavily influenced by foreign culture and religion is one of the requirements of human life in the name of modernity on the verge of collapse, In Islamic society to religious sources, including the Quran, books of validity and effects of such highly paid executives and operators are cultural. Ancient doctrines and teachings of Quran and traditions with innovations worthy of poets and writers to spread religious literature and to provide a great educational power of lifestyle patterns enjoys. One of the great poets of the era of the Abbasid poet, Abu Altahyh, intellectual poetry in the composition is of particular mastery. Naser Khosrow, poet and travel writer of Ghaznavi era in writing these poems took advantage of the unique skill. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to evaluate the most valuable and the most noble principles of Islamic ethics in the light of poetry of Abe Altahyh Naser Khosrow Qbadyany. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
355 - Sheikh Hassan Mawlanabad’s Biography, Works and Sufism
Sayyed Mohammad Khalid GHafari Mohammad Erfan ParsaSheikh Hassan from Molan Abad (a village of Saqqez in Kurdistan province) was an obscure author, poet and theologist in Kurdistan in the end of Safavi dynasty. Unfortunately there has been no research on his life and he has been left unknown since then. While Sheikh Ha MoreSheikh Hassan from Molan Abad (a village of Saqqez in Kurdistan province) was an obscure author, poet and theologist in Kurdistan in the end of Safavi dynasty. Unfortunately there has been no research on his life and he has been left unknown since then. While Sheikh Hassan had great effect on his society that time, his religious as well as literary piece of work are little known to people of these days. In this article we have tried to clarify some aspects of his life including: his education as well as his theological and scientific works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
356 - Comparative analysis of religious teachings on poetry Abi Altahyh and Naser Khosrow Qbadyany
Fereshte SaffariOne of the most fundamental issues of human societies the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture in MoreOne of the most fundamental issues of human societies the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture in Muslim countries is heavily influenced by foreign culture and religion is one of the requirements of human life in the name of modernity is on the verge of collapse, In Islamic society to religious sources, including the Quran, books of validity and effects of such highly paid executives and operators are cultural. Ancient doctrines and teachings of Quran and traditions with innovations worthy of poets and writers to spread religious literature And to provide a great educational power of lifestyle patterns enjoys. One of the great poets of the era of the Abbasid poet Abu Altahyh intellectual poetry in the composition is of particular mastery. Naser Khosrow, poet and travel writer Ghaznavi era in writing these poems took advantage of the unique skill. The aim of this cross-sectional study to evaluate the most valuable and the most noble principles of Islamic ethics in the light of poetry and Abe Altahyh Naser Khosrow Qbadyany. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
357 - Comparative Analysis of Religious Lessons in Abi Altahyh Poetry and Naser Khosro Qbadiani
Fereshte SaffariOne of the most fundamental issues of human societies the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture in MoreOne of the most fundamental issues of human societies the problem of proper training and offering educational programs to those areas of policy that has not stopped the development of all aspects of society. Today, the promotion and dissemination of religious culture in Muslim countries is heavily influenced by foreign culture and religion is one of the requirements of human life in the name of modernity is on the verge of collapse, In Islamic society to religious sources, including the Quran, books of validity and effects of such highly paid executives and operators are cultural. Ancient doctrines and teachings of Quran and traditions with innovations worthy of poets and writers to spread religious literature and to provide a great educational power of lifestyle patterns enjoys. One of the great poets of the era of the Abbasid poet Abu Altahyh intellectual poetry in the composition is of particular mastery. Naser Khosrow, poet and travel writer Ghaznavi era in writing these poems took advantage of the unique skill. The aim of this cross-sectional study to evaluate the most valuable and the most noble principles of Islamic ethics in the light of poetry and Abe Altahyh Naser Khosrow Qbadyany. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
358 - The effect of 12 weeks of bodyweight training on neurotrophic factors of children with hypotonic cerebral palsy
leila Akbarifard farzad zehsaz Sajad Anoushirvani Akbar MoeinThe aim of the present study is to determine the effect of 12 weeks of bodyweight training on neurotrophic factors in children with hypotonic cerebral palsy. 20 children with hypotonic cerebral palsy with an average age of 8 to 12 years were selected and placed in two g MoreThe aim of the present study is to determine the effect of 12 weeks of bodyweight training on neurotrophic factors in children with hypotonic cerebral palsy. 20 children with hypotonic cerebral palsy with an average age of 8 to 12 years were selected and placed in two groups of body weight training (n=10) and control group (n=10). Subjects of the Bodyweight group performed exercises that included basic strength, maximum strength and high-intensity interval training for 12 weeks and three sessions a week. The training intensity was 25% 1RM in the first to third week, 50% in the fourth to sixth week, 75% in the seventh to ninth week, and 100% in the tenth to twelfth week. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before and 24 hours after the last training session. To analyze the data, independent t-tests were used to survey the inter-group difference and correlated t-test to survey the intra-group difference at a significant level (P<0.05). The results of data analysis showed a significant increase in the levels of neurotrophin factors (BDNF, NGF, IGF-1) in the body weight training group. Due to their structure, Bodyweight exercises can be easily used by children with hypotonic cerebral palsy. It seems that these exercises improve the skeletal muscle tissue in these children by increasing the levels of neurotrophic factors, and by slowing down the atrophy process and reducing the muscle tissue, it improves their movement and posture disorders and balance problems. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - Policy & explain the effective components of the concept of privacy on promoting environmental security in ecotourism resorts (Case Study: Matin Abad and Swans Farm Eco-Resorts)
Matin Gholipour Jamaleddin SoheiliToday, security is one of the most basic needs of human societies after the known physiological needs and various factors are effective in creating security, in which we cannot ignore the important role of the environment and each person's perception of the environ MoreToday, security is one of the most basic needs of human societies after the known physiological needs and various factors are effective in creating security, in which we cannot ignore the important role of the environment and each person's perception of the environment called privacy. Therefore, research objectives to study and achieve the indicators and physical components that are effective in obtaining privacy in ecotourism resorts and their relationship in creating and promoting environmental security and its feeling by tourists in this type of resorts. Descriptive-analytical method based on survey method is the method of this research . The statistical population is the two eco-tourism resorts of Matin Abad near Kashan and Swans Farm in Lahijan. In data analysis, SPSS software with version 24 and for reliability of questions, Cronbach's alpha and in examining the normality of research variables Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. To examine the first hypothesis , the correlation between the two variables of environmental security and privacy, Pearson correlation test, to examine the effect of privacy variable on environmental security, simple linear regression test was used, and to examine the second hypothesis , the ranking the indicators of the privacy variable, the Friedman coefficient test was used. Finally, we came to the conclusion that providing privacy is one of the effective factors in promoting environmental security in the architectural design of ecotourism resorts and these two variables have a significant relationship with each other and also indicators of privacy variables are significantly different from each other in terms of their importance and effectiveness in the design of ecotourism resort, and among these, the diversity index has the highest priority. So combination of open, semi-open and closed spaces scattered , the multiplicity of open spaces with different sizes and uses between closed spaces should be given special importance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - The Tradition of Quran politico-social Research in Contemporary Iran(Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi and Asadollah Kharaghani)
Sayyed Mohsen Ale Sayyed ghafur Mona HamidinasabThe purpose of this study is to study the flow of socio-political intellectual interactive structures and to identify the alternative components of the discursive order of religion and politics in the development of Iran's thought system. The historical writing of the t MoreThe purpose of this study is to study the flow of socio-political intellectual interactive structures and to identify the alternative components of the discursive order of religion and politics in the development of Iran's thought system. The historical writing of the tradition of "new-thinking Islam" is the main focus of this research. The main question of this article is about the Islamic neo-thinker's approach in the interactive relationship between original sources and the fight against the intellectual degeneration of Muslims in the political society. And what changes did this tradition see in the first Pahlavi period and what kind of connection (contradiction, friction and dialogues) did it experience with other traditions such as Faqahati Islamic tradition? The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical. Designing and answering these questions requires knowing and re-understanding the history of Iran and the history of the political thought of modern Iran. The tradition of Navandish Islam is the result of efforts and struggles of three ancient traditions, Islamic and Western. In this tradition, Iranian-Islamic concepts and teachings, which rest in an aura of heavenly and otherworldly sanctity, are mixed with the western tradition, which has an earthly perception of them, and a reinterpretation of Islam is presented. This tradition, on the one hand, deprived the political sphere of heavenly sanctity and considered the public sphere to belong to the people, and on the other hand, it did not consider science to be in conflict with religion, but considered the goal of both to be the same. Therefore, this article examines the tradition of political research on the Qur'an by studying the views of two scholars, Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi and Asadullah Kharaghani Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Political thought of Fazlollah Naimi Estrabadi
Ali Akbar Afrasiabpour Flour Valipour chahardah cherickWith the brutal and relentless invasion of the Mongols, the people of Iran went to the spiritual leaders and mystics such as Khalifa Mazandarani and Seyyed Qawamuddin Marashi, and by suppressing them, they came to Seyyed Fazlullah Abadi (796-740 AH), who was a mystic, p MoreWith the brutal and relentless invasion of the Mongols, the people of Iran went to the spiritual leaders and mystics such as Khalifa Mazandarani and Seyyed Qawamuddin Marashi, and by suppressing them, they came to Seyyed Fazlullah Abadi (796-740 AH), who was a mystic, poet and Shiite revolutionary in It was his era and he also established a movement that continued for centuries and was called Alphabet.His political thoughts were expressed in the form of famous poems and coded numbers that were not understandable for the organization, and at the same time, he created an intellectual umbrella that attracted the aspirants. In the basics of his political thinking, he is based on anthropocentrism on behalf of the professions, artists and thinkers of that era, who came to the political field to confront the destructions of Timur and caused a serious crisis to the government. It presents a new school of thought, which creates an incident in the political arena of Anatolia, the Balkans, and the Levant after itself, and finds supporters in the form of a political school for centuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Examining the Relationship between Leadership Styles of School Administrators and Teachers Creativity in Elementary Schools of Poldokhtar
Dariush Mehri Mahmmoud Abolghasemi Hasan Mahboub Eshratabadi Morteza Mahdavi Nik Background: One of the ways to achieve creativity in education is using creative teachers. Creative teachers can increase the quality of educational services. Leadership styles of school principals can improve or diminish teacher’s creativity. Objective: Th More Background: One of the ways to achieve creativity in education is using creative teachers. Creative teachers can increase the quality of educational services. Leadership styles of school principals can improve or diminish teacher’s creativity. Objective: This study examined the relationship between managers' leadership styles and creativity of teachers in primary schools. Method: The method used in this research was correlation and applied research. The statistical population of the research was all the elementary school teachers in Poldokhtar of whom 97 were selected randomly . Instruments included two standard questionnaires to measure creativity and transformational leadership . For analyzing data, descriptive and statistical tests such as Pearson correlation, analysis of variance, regression were used. Findings: The results of this review indicates that the transformational leadership style is more than transactional leadership style and is associated with teachers creativity .Among the components of transformational leadership, charismatic leadership and individual consideration explain %29.5 of teachers creativity. Beside that The contingent reward component of transactional leadership style just explains 7/9% of the variance. Conclusions: Planning training courses to improve the skills of transformational leadership for school administrators, particularly principals and teachers to achieve school's success and growth is inevitable. Effective leadership requires the use of a transformational and transactional leadership style. Therefore school administrators in addition to creating the conditions and environment for intrinsic motivation should consider extrinsic rewards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - The Statistical Examination of Ionic Ratio and Saturation Indexes to Investigate the Origion of Underground Water Resource Salts from Delfan Plain at North-Lorestan
Tayebeh Karkhaneh Ramin Sarikhani Artims Dehnavi -
Open Access Article
364 - Investigation the possibility of supplying sand of Silica resources Hormozgan province for use in cement industry
Mohammad Poosti Mohammad Yazdi Shazdi SafariCement production in our country is increasing day by day. Cements control of production to be standard, nothidden from anyone. Now the combination of silica sand imported from Germany and cement production,concrete preparatio and compressive strength and flexural tests MoreCement production in our country is increasing day by day. Cements control of production to be standard, nothidden from anyone. Now the combination of silica sand imported from Germany and cement production,concrete preparatio and compressive strength and flexural tests conducted on concrete compared with thestandard resistance and will be acceptance or rejection. Due to the existing index of silica has been prepared inseveral region of Hormozgan (region Hajiabad) necessary samples (5 samples) of various outcrops of silica. Thesample is placed on chemical analysis of silica and other elements were determined. Also, in order to identifyminerals and to determine fracture and …, initial sample preparation and thin sections were studiedmicroscopically. The sample was selected according to preliminary studies. These samples were crushed andthen grain classification. Three samples of silica sand inside and The German standard sand molded and thestandard procedure of choice, Compressive and flexural strength of concrete produced, was measured.Comparison of the concrete compressive strength and flexural provided with The silica interventions Theamount of compressive strength and Made of concrete flexural With standard sand (German) and Nyzmqays.hother profile appearance and Standard of physical , the sample More appropriate was selected and suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - A Comparative Study of Transport Impact Assessment on Pollution in Tehran. Case Study of Tehran 18th and 5th Districts
AliAsghar Ghasemi Azadeh Arbabi Sbsevari Masoomeh SohrabiAir pollution is a process that depends on various atmospheric conditions and weather and climate phenomena are involved in the formation of this problem. Today, in Tehran and in many of the major industrial cities in the world, especially in developing countries, vario MoreAir pollution is a process that depends on various atmospheric conditions and weather and climate phenomena are involved in the formation of this problem. Today, in Tehran and in many of the major industrial cities in the world, especially in developing countries, various pollutants are discharged through motor vehicles, industries and commercial and household sources. The purpose of this study was to study the concentration time of carbon monoxide pollutant in different times of the day and to investigate the relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and concentration of carbon monoxide with weather variables in Tehran's 5th and 18th regions. In this study, a statistical method was used to achieve the goals. At first, the concentration time of pollutants was identified in 4 periods in the study area. In order to calculate correlation and regression analysis between carbon monoxide with wind speed, minimum temperature and maximum temperature, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used in SPSS and Excel. The results of multiple regression and percentage of coefficient of variation explained in area 18 with the input of three wind speed variables, minimum temperature and maximum temperature in the pollutant modeling of the CO station showed that the studied variables explained the CO pollutant of Shadabad station to 0.16 They made Also, in District 5, the results of this study showed that the amount of CO contamination in the daytime is at 8 o'clock in the morning and is the lowest amount of record at 15 o'clock during the 9-year period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - Feasibility study of influence of Abshirin and Deh-nar fault on salt structure of Nasr-Abad of Kashan In order to establishment of natural gas storage
Maryam Keshavarz Safiei Mohammad Ali Ganjavian Mohammad Ali Kavoosi Abbas BahroudiIn order to balance between gas produce and gas consumption in cold seasons which accounts as peak time, Gasstorage is as fundamental approaches which guarantee gas of country. In this regard, salt structure of Nasr Abadin Kashan has suitable potential and can be used a MoreIn order to balance between gas produce and gas consumption in cold seasons which accounts as peak time, Gasstorage is as fundamental approaches which guarantee gas of country. In this regard, salt structure of Nasr Abadin Kashan has suitable potential and can be used as the largest site of natural gas storage in central Iran scope.Feasibility study with purpose of determining fault mechanism around the salt structure is an essential thing. Inorder to eliminate ambiguities, field operation is with analysis of the structure and kinetic geometry of faults ,right on the diversion channel , analysis of stereo graphic images, gravity interpretations such as documents ofstrike- slip activity with reverse component of Abshirin fault. Abshirin fault with a length of about 10 km, withapproximate distance of 2-3 km in salt structure is depreciated, which stands in a separation about 3.5 km towardDeh-nar fault as right stepping pattern arrangement . According to the obtained results, finally we concluded thatAbshirin faults and Deh-nar faults are not so significant impact on gas storage site. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Seismic geotechnic and dynamic soil behavior analysis of Bahabad city, South East Yazd
Ahmad Adib Akram KosariBahabad city is located in south Yazd province of Iran, about 200 Km far from east yazd city. In this study,seismic microzonation of the city is done based on the area seismicity with specific return period, and by usingobtained data of the 5 boreholes to determinate dy MoreBahabad city is located in south Yazd province of Iran, about 200 Km far from east yazd city. In this study,seismic microzonation of the city is done based on the area seismicity with specific return period, and by usingobtained data of the 5 boreholes to determinate dynamic soil behavior and ground response against earthquake.To analyze site effect precisely, we used EERA program and provided microzonation maps by Kriging methodand using ArcGIS software. The study showed that the city center has a higher amplification factor than the otherparts. The area classified to two ground type: IIb (hard soil with thickness more than 30 m) and IIIb (moderatedense soil) based on standard 2800 of Iran. Maximum acceleration and amplification factor of the surface arehigher and decrease to go around. The center of the city has hard soil with thickness more than 30 m (IIb) andtherefore, maximum spectral acceleration. This trend decreases into the around. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Facies analysis and depositional history of Mozduran formation in Saleh-Abad section, Kopet-dagh basin, NE Iran
Hamidreza Azami Mehdi Reza Poor Soltani Mohsen AllamehThis is 165 m thick Mozduran formation, as a carbonate and siliciclastic strata, in Saleh-Abad section, consistsof carbonate, sandy lime and siliciclastic rocks. Mozduran Formation relates to (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian) age,locates conformably on Kashafrud and beneath Shou MoreThis is 165 m thick Mozduran formation, as a carbonate and siliciclastic strata, in Saleh-Abad section, consistsof carbonate, sandy lime and siliciclastic rocks. Mozduran Formation relates to (Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian) age,locates conformably on Kashafrud and beneath Shourijeh Formation. The purposes of this study are: 1.The studyof vertical and lateral changes in litho strata units, 2. identification, detachment and naming microscopic faciesbased on thin section, 3.The explain ton of digenetic events based on petrography events, 4.The explanationsedimentation history with using lithofacies properties and presentation the sedimentation model. Based onpetrographic studies of 50 thin sections and two facies collection have been recognized. The Limestone faciescollection consists of bioclastic grainstone pessessy Milliolidae (facies A, a lagoonal environment), sandy ooidgrainstone, Bioclactic ooid grainstone, ooid grainstone with bioclast (facies B, a barrier environment), andTerrigeneous facies collection which is mainly composed of chert arenite and sublitarenite (facies C, a tidal flatenvironment). According to lithofacies, Mozduran Formation depositional environment could be interpreted as acarbonate plat form. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Stream sediment geochemical exploration in Aliabad 1:100000 geological sheet, Golestan Province
Iraj Rasa Mohammad Hadi NezampourAliabad Area is situated in north of Iran and contain few unimportant exploitativemineral deposits. As this area covered under jungle, thus for discovery of mineraldeposits, the stream sediment exploration method is selected. Topologic density methodis designed to colle MoreAliabad Area is situated in north of Iran and contain few unimportant exploitativemineral deposits. As this area covered under jungle, thus for discovery of mineraldeposits, the stream sediment exploration method is selected. Topologic density methodis designed to collected 639 samples at analyzed in geological survey of Iran. The accuracy of analyses results is conformed bypaired samples controlling method. Univariable and multivariable statistical parametersdetermined relatin between elements and K-Mean Cluster help us to ignored affect ofsyngenetic component related to uppermost stream sediment rocks. The anomaly mapsof elements drown with Surfer 8 software by using Class Post Map method. Based onassociated paragenetic elements, tectonically structures and ore bearing igneous rocksupper side of samples grid, introducinf 20 promising area, all near Alestan andNekarman Valleys, contain Cu, Pb and Zn Anomalies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - The role of geology on water quality Ground northern city of Khorramabad
سیامک Baharvand Ahmad Adib Ahmad Ahmadi-khaliji مصطفی Yosefi-rad -
Open Access Article
371 - Investigation of hazard rock fall in Khorramabad- Andimeshk road by WCS method
سیامک Baharvand علی Sahba عبدالرضا Noor-YazdanThe connective ways of khorramabad (lorestan state) with the nearest cities are olways influenced bythe rock fall which is needed the special attention and the hard working of sponsers.In the research we work on the levels of slope stability of Gavzardeh region in 70 km MoreThe connective ways of khorramabad (lorestan state) with the nearest cities are olways influenced bythe rock fall which is needed the special attention and the hard working of sponsers.In the research we work on the levels of slope stability of Gavzardeh region in 70 km of Khoramabadin Lorestan. For measuring of rock masses of this area, we use the WCS methode. We searched 5parametere, such as index of RQD, roughness of discontinuities , filling of discontinuities , spacing ofdiscontinuities and opening of discontinuities which we will explain all of them one by one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - The Statistical Examination of Ionic Ratio and Saturation Indexes to Investigate the Origion of Underground Water Resource Salts from Delfan
Tayebeh Karkhaneh ramin sarikhani Artims GhasemiThis research aims to examine underground water of delfan city in terms of geochemical characteristicsTo this end,the main elements of underground water were analyzed.Based on which all parameters were lower than allowed limit.As the saturation index can be an important MoreThis research aims to examine underground water of delfan city in terms of geochemical characteristicsTo this end,the main elements of underground water were analyzed.Based on which all parameters were lower than allowed limit.As the saturation index can be an important factor to understand solvation –setllement of mineral available in underground water ,the saturation index was calculated using computerized code phreeqc.The saturation index of the studied minerals in all water specimens was negative and all considered minerals can be solving.Also ,based on ionic exchange diagrams,sodium and cholor have two different origins and Calcite,Dolomit and Gypsum solvations have occurred from which Calcite and Dolomit solvations were higher.According to the HCA,samples are in two main clusters which Anions-Kations concentration in one cluster samples were higher .According to the clusters stiff diagram the region water type is Bicarbonate –Casic .To find main factor of underground water chemistry ,rotational Varimax method has been used which is the most common PCA,because it gives more interpretable elements.By this method,the limestones and Dolomit,s solvation and rock-water interaction are the most important factors of the region,s underground water chemistry Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Mineral chemistry research and a review of petrology of intrusive mass in Mobarak Abad region
Ali Asghar Parchegani Mohammad Ali Arian Mohammad FodaziIn 75 km of the North-East of Tehran, and in Mobarak Abad region, there is a big dike which is 6km to 500m in the direction West -Northwest and East-Southeast, injected into one of the branches of Mosha-Fasham thrust. This mass is injected into Karaj formation (middle E MoreIn 75 km of the North-East of Tehran, and in Mobarak Abad region, there is a big dike which is 6km to 500m in the direction West -Northwest and East-Southeast, injected into one of the branches of Mosha-Fasham thrust. This mass is injected into Karaj formation (middle Eocene) so is younger than middle Eocene. From petrography point of view, the rocks are olivine gabbro, gabbro, diorite and Granodiorite. After electron microprobe analyze (EPMA) of the olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase samples of the area we concluded that olivine with 67.8% Mg is Hyalosiderite, pyroxene is Augite and plagioclase in center is Bytownite and the around is Labradorite. The magma type in this masse is sodic calc-alkaline that has quality metaluminous to peraluminous. Changes of main elements show that the formation elements have a creating relation between terms of plutonic rocks of the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Evaluation of river–aquifer interaction using physicochemical parameters, Case study: the north part of Dezful – Andimeshk district
Mohammad Faryabi Manochehr ChitsazanDetermination of the hydraulic interaction between the rivers and groundwater, as the most significant water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, attracted a great attention recently. In recent years, several methods have been used for the study of these water excha MoreDetermination of the hydraulic interaction between the rivers and groundwater, as the most significant water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, attracted a great attention recently. In recent years, several methods have been used for the study of these water exchanges such as seepage meters, minipiezometers, temperature data loggers and the study of the physicochemical parameters. The Dez River that is the third largest river in Iran also is one of the important surface water resources in the northern part of Khuzestan province. In this research, the water physicochemical parameters were used to assessment of the interaction between the Dez River and aquifer in the north part of Dezful-Andimeshk district. To this purpose, the temporal and spatial variations of river and groundwater quality parameters have been studied. The physicochemical analysis results of the river and quality monitoring wells have been used for the temporal assessments of river-aquifer interaction. For spatial assessment of the river-aquifer interaction, 69 groundwater samples were collected from the abstraction wells. Hydrochemical diagrams such Piper and composition diagrams along with some statistical methods such as Cluster Analysis were applied to the interpretation of the results of the water samples analysis. Also, the PRO-GRADE computer code was used for evaluation of the achieved results. The results of this study show that the Dez River has a losing nature and its recharge water in to the underlying groundwater body can enhance the quality of the groundwater in the study area. The measured nitrate concentration of river and groundwater also shows the positive role of river infiltrated water on the groundwater quality Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - A comparative study of magic realism in stories of Alejo Carpentier and long novel "Rūzgār-i siparī shudah-ʼi mardum-i sālkhūrdah ” by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
Dr.Roghayeh Sadraei Magical realism, as a new style influenced by the West, especially Latin America, was introduced to world literature, but this fiction style is not only devoted to this region of the world, but also in the fiction literature of other countries, including Iran. Ac More Magical realism, as a new style influenced by the West, especially Latin America, was introduced to world literature, but this fiction style is not only devoted to this region of the world, but also in the fiction literature of other countries, including Iran. Accordingly, the main questions in this thesis are that what are the components of magical realism in the novels of «Ei reino de este mundo" and" le siecle des lumieres" from Aljo Carpentier as one of the pioneers of this style from the Latin American region and the valuable work by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, entitled"Rūzgār-i siparī shudah-ʼi mardum-i sālkhūrdah"? What are the factors influencing the material of these novels? The main purpose of this research is the comparative analysis of the components of magical realism in the selected works of these two writers which has been done by analytical-descriptive method. The result of this thesis shows that magical realism both in Latin America and in Iran has a passion for fans that have used this monument in their works. The two authors of the study, which have been studied in this study, both have used and applied the same types of magical realism style as their own unique works in their works. But the nature and form of these components, despite the similarity and classification of the same, have unique characteristics that derive from the native, cultural and living beliefs of the author. Also, the creatures, animals, and the supernatural and strange elements of these two writers have different perceptions. The state of affairs in spelling or spellbound spaces is more unpopular than the carpentry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Belquis Character Analysis in Kelidar's Novel Based on Erich Fromm's Theory of Love
mostafa mohammadi lida namdar The present paper emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary studies in better understanding and receiving human knowledge and assuming a close link between literature and psychology with a descriptive-analytical manner based on the American School of Comparat More The present paper emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary studies in better understanding and receiving human knowledge and assuming a close link between literature and psychology with a descriptive-analytical manner based on the American School of Comparative Literature, which is interdisciplinary in nature and With a scientific approach and with Using Erich Fromm's theory of love, explores the context and characteristics of love in relation to Belquis's character in Kelidar's novel.The aim of the research is to find an answer to the question of why and how in a novel like Kelidar, Despite the oppression in it, the motif of love have been nurtured and spread. The research findings show that according to Fromm's love theory in Kelidar's novel, first: contrary to popular belief, love is not limited to the relationship between a lover and a beloved or a specific person; rather, it has a variety of functions, motivations, and contexts; Secondly, Dolatabadi's works, were not limited to local issues, Beautiful and creative expressions of love in his works and specifically in the character of Belqis with the artist is fully represented which have doubled the richness of his works. The findings also show Belqis has all the characteristics of fromm's love, The quality of her presence in the novel and the events that take place are proof of the fact that responsibility, endurance of suffering, needlessness, sacrifice are all born of praiseworthy and true love, which the fromm considers each of them as the characteristics of true love. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - Frequency Measurement of Indian Style Characteristics in the Works of Mir Mohammad Momen Astarabadi
Shima Sadat Sharif AlHosseini Kobra Nodehi Vahid Royani As a valuable heritage, Persian manuscripts have made an important contribution to the preservation of Iranian culture and civilization. Mir Mohammad Momin Estrabadi, a sage, architect, poet, and writer of the 10th and 11th centuries AH, has left behind his work More As a valuable heritage, Persian manuscripts have made an important contribution to the preservation of Iranian culture and civilization. Mir Mohammad Momin Estrabadi, a sage, architect, poet, and writer of the 10th and 11th centuries AH, has left behind his works including Divan Shaari. This diwan is kept as a single copy in the "Royal Library of Golestan Palace" under number 459, which is registered as a manuscript of "Khayyam's quatrains" due to the similarity of its quatrains with Khayyam's quatrains. Diwan of Mir Mohammad Momen Estrabadi is one of the precious manuscripts that has remained unknown until now, and correcting this manuscript is very important in order to know his character and position and to familiarize himself with his poetic style and thoughts. This research is dedicated to the investigation and analysis of the poetic style of Divan Mir Mohammad Momen Astarabadi with a descriptive-analytical method. The scope and statistical population of the study are the manuscripts of his divan, which has been corrected by the author. His divan consists of quatrains, odes, ghazals, and pieces, of course, most of it is dedicated to quatrains. According to the results, the poetry style of Mir Mohammad Momen Astarabadi is very close to the Indian style, and in terms of content, language and literature, there are many features of the Indian style in his poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Study on pathogenicity variation of the different isolates of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and evaluating the resistance of the several eggplant cultivars to them
Sahar Tari Mojdeh Maleki Dariush ShahriariEggplant Solanumm elongena L. of fruit vegetables is grown in warm and tropical regions. This plant has mostly been attacked by different pathogen particularly the causal agent of Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae). This is one of the most important diseases that MoreEggplant Solanumm elongena L. of fruit vegetables is grown in warm and tropical regions. This plant has mostly been attacked by different pathogen particularly the causal agent of Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae). This is one of the most important diseases that damaged eggplant and reduced yield and fruit quality up to 50%. There has been little successful in control by the use of fungicides, therefore, the resistance of eggplant varieties studied in this research. For this purpose, first the fungal isolates from different areas under eggplant culture were isolated from vascular tissue in Tehran and Alborz province and then purification and pathogenicity test, 15 isolates obtained in pathogeny potential were evaluated by root dip method of the root of Varamini susceptible cultivar in spore suspension with concentrations of 106 spores per ml. Disease severity index calculated by seven numbered scale of Xiao and Lin 1995, after five weeks. The results showed that V-E-KM-2 isolate obtained from samples of infected plants in MohammadShahr in Karaj, with disease severity of 92 percent were identified most virulent as pathogeny. In evaluation stage of the root resistance of different varieties, 14 common cultured eggplant varieties and the present varieties as pathogenicity method, inoculated with spores of the fungus. Symptoms recording were assessed 35 days after inoculation. The results obtained from the analysis of variance showed that treatments are significantly different in probability level of 1%. The means and resistance evaluation of eggplant cultivars against Verticillium wilt showed seven cultivars of Pasargadae, Volentala, Hybrid Arro, Lady, Sohrab, Yek Beauty (1) and Minabella were tolerant (T) in the range of 31.5 to 49.7 of the percentage of disease index. In this following study, supplementary investigations are essential to introduce tolerant varieties for cultivation in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
379 - First report of tobacco flea Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer, 1847) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Iran
Neda Kheradpir Erfan MiirzaiiThe alien species tobacco flea Epitrix hirtipennis Melsheimer is reported for the first time for Iranian Chrysomelidae fauna. The first specimen was observed in an eggplant farm from Sargol village in Varamin County (Tehran Province) through mid June; population monitor MoreThe alien species tobacco flea Epitrix hirtipennis Melsheimer is reported for the first time for Iranian Chrysomelidae fauna. The first specimen was observed in an eggplant farm from Sargol village in Varamin County (Tehran Province) through mid June; population monitoring continued till the last week of July, parallel to crop harvesting which the population density raised to 3-4 fleas/leaf; continuously, the flea adults were observed on the second crop rotation at the end of July. The species is native to Nearctic ecozone and since 1983, has been reported from Palearctic region such as Italy, Portuguese, Greece, Bulgaria, Russia and Syria. Some of the other species of Epitrix has been previously reported from different parts of Iran and E. hirtipennis is reported for the first time for Iranian fauna. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
380 - The effect of modifying saline and sodic soils on their properties
Peyman AziziOne of the problems in the soils of arid and semi-arid regions is the accumulation and presence of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium in the soil. In order to use and exploit these soils, it is necessary to modify them. In this study, an intermittent washing method w MoreOne of the problems in the soils of arid and semi-arid regions is the accumulation and presence of soluble salts and exchangeable sodium in the soil. In order to use and exploit these soils, it is necessary to modify them. In this study, an intermittent washing method was used to improve saline and sodium soils, and the water used for washing has an inappropriate quality (class C3-S1). As a result of soil modification and leaching, soil electrical conductivity (ECe) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) significantly and significantly decrease, but the pH shows a slight increase. Also, in this study, the Gapon coefficient was calculated before and after washing, and its value decreased after washing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
381 - Numerical simulation and experimental study on a microscale vortex tube
نادر رهبر Mostafa Shateri Mohsan Taherian محمد صادق ولی پورIn This paper the energy separation phenomenon in a micro-scale vortex tube was investigated by using the computational fluid dynamic. The flow is assumed as steady, turbulent, compressible ideal gas, and the shear-stress transport is used for modeling of turbulence phe MoreIn This paper the energy separation phenomenon in a micro-scale vortex tube was investigated by using the computational fluid dynamic. The flow is assumed as steady, turbulent, compressible ideal gas, and the shear-stress transport is used for modeling of turbulence phenomenon. The results show that 3-D CFD simulation is more accurate than 2-D axisymmetric one. Moreover, optimum cold-mass ratios to maximize the refrigeration-power and isentropic-efficiency are evaluated. The results of static temperature, velocity magnitude and pressure distributions show that the temperature-separation in the micro-scale vortex tube is a function of kinetic-energy variation and air-expansion in the radial direction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
382 - Compared with methods for measuring speed (LDA, HWA, PIV)
Hadi Kargar Sharifabad میکائیل فراتیStudy on the type of flow, to design and improve the mechanical systems necessary fluids. May in the new speed measurement tools, such as hot wire flowmeter Hot wire Anemometry, laser dog vane ( Laser Doppler Anemometry ) and the image of the particle image velocimetr MoreStudy on the type of flow, to design and improve the mechanical systems necessary fluids. May in the new speed measurement tools, such as hot wire flowmeter Hot wire Anemometry, laser dog vane ( Laser Doppler Anemometry ) and the image of the particle image velocimetry poll particles more application of this study was trying to operating theory, applications, benefits and drawbacks. The three methods paid attention to the study conducted HWA method in places where it is appropriate to less heat and lower accuracy is concerned, as well as in places where there is less mobility (due to take pictures of successive) and cost less launch is considered the best method, PIV method is sensitive places and accurate and also of fluids and gases that have a high speed, the best way to assess could LDA that maintain speed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Investigation and analysis on wind turbine tower vibrations and vibration control it using absorbent
asadollah khorasani مهدی شریف نیاNowadays, due to critical conditions of fossil fuels, it is required to attend the wind energy and the wind turbines (onshore and offshore) more than before. In order to efficiently use this clean energy, length of the blade and tower of the turbine should be increased. MoreNowadays, due to critical conditions of fossil fuels, it is required to attend the wind energy and the wind turbines (onshore and offshore) more than before. In order to efficiently use this clean energy, length of the blade and tower of the turbine should be increased. In the present research, using a typical damper, structural control of a wind turbine is investigated. Suppression of vibration in the turbine structure and avoiding from the resonance interval are tracked. To absorb the vibration of a structure, one way is using the absorbent material in its body. In this study, first, natural frequencies of the wind turbine are obtained using the Abaqus software. Next, in order to suppress the vibration of the wind turbine, an absorbing system is used, and the new natural frequencies are obtained. Natural frequencies in these two cases are compared, and consequently, the absorbing system is verified. Additionally, a displacement input is applied to the turbine tower. The resulting responses of the head and blade of the turbine show that the vibrations of the turbine are successfully reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - Developing the Aeroelastic model of a Composite Wind Turbine Blade and Analyzing the Effects of Rotation and Length Increase on Natural Frequencies
Reza Esbati Lavasani shahrokh shamsThe linear aeroelastic equation of motion of a wind turbine blade considering the length increase and rotation terms of the blade is derived. The blade is a composite cantilever beam. The Euler-Bernoulli theory is the fundamental theory in developing the equations. Beca MoreThe linear aeroelastic equation of motion of a wind turbine blade considering the length increase and rotation terms of the blade is derived. The blade is a composite cantilever beam. The Euler-Bernoulli theory is the fundamental theory in developing the equations. Because of the compatibility of the finite element and BEM, the blade is modeled with the finite element method. Applying Hamiltonian leads to the aeroelastic equations of motion. The finite element matrices are derived by considering linear and Hermitian shape function in axial and transverse deflection, respectively. We consider the linear equation of motion with length increase term. Simulation and analyzing the natural frequency and mode shapes validate the equations of motion. Besides, the effects of the length increase of the blade and rotation of blade on both short and long composite blades are investigated. Analysis of natural frequencies implies that the first and second frequencies of long blade ore affected by length increase and rotation of the blade. However, higher modes are affected by less than one percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - Modification of mechanical properties of hot mix asphalt using fly ash
Reza Samieifard Mohamad Jafar Ostad Ahmad GhorabiFly ash is a by-product of the combustion process and consists of tiny components that are emitted by combustion gases. Fly ash has been widely used in the manufacture of concrete. The purpose of this paper is to determine the performance of fly ash as a filler in hot m MoreFly ash is a by-product of the combustion process and consists of tiny components that are emitted by combustion gases. Fly ash has been widely used in the manufacture of concrete. The purpose of this paper is to determine the performance of fly ash as a filler in hot mix asphalt. In this study, fly ash additive with different amounts (FA-0, FA-2, FA-4, FA-6) according to the weight of stone materials, was used as a filler. Modified asphalt mixtures were tested for stability, flow, stiffness, moisture sensitivity and material loss (Cantabro loss). The results showed that the stability of asphalt mixtures containing fly ash is higher than conventional mixtures. In addition, the compounds contained in fly ash improved moisture resistance and durability. According to the results of the experiments, it can be concluded that the use of fly ash as a filler can have a favorable effect on the hot asphalt mixture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - پیشبینی عمر خستگی تیرهای روشنایی با وجود ترک اولیه صفر درجه تحت اثر وزش باد
محمدجعفر استاد احمد قرابی سوگند مسلمی مهنی -
Open Access Article
387 - بررسی کارایی تصاویر پرنده بدون سرنشین برای تولید مدل رقومی سطح
نعیم میجانی محمد کریمی فیروزجایی مجید کیاورز مقدم -
Open Access Article
388 - Measurement and Evaluation of Dimensions and Components of LivablityCity with Emphasis on Sustainable Development (Case Study: Nourabad Delfan City)
Ahmad puorahmad Ahmad hatamiTherefore, livability is a way to sustainable development. In this regard, purpose of the present study is to investigate the rate of livability in the NourAbad Delphan city for it leads to sustainable development. The method of this research is descriptive and analytic MoreTherefore, livability is a way to sustainable development. In this regard, purpose of the present study is to investigate the rate of livability in the NourAbad Delphan city for it leads to sustainable development. The method of this research is descriptive and analytical, using a questionnaire and direct observation tool. Therefore, a combination of quantitative and qualitative method is used. The statistical population of this study was all citizens of norabad city, which totaled 66417 in the year 1395. To estimate the sample size, a Cochran formula was used that number The sample was 384 according to this formula. After determining the sample size, the questionnaires were distributed randomly among the citizens. In addition, the researcher in person has directly observed the indicators studied at the city level. The obtained data were analyzed using Spss and T single-sample tests, Friedman test The results of this study showed that the dimensions of Livablity in Nourabad city were not coordinated and not equal, and then the environment with a total of 3 favorable and average indicators was 2.55 times higher than that of the city and more consistent with the criteria of the city of Livablity. Subsequent to the total of 6 indicators, 2 indicators of education , Social solidarity and social status, and the four indicators of the amount of leisure time services, health services, social security, social participation, and unfavorable status. The average score for the social dimension was 1.90. The last stage of the economic adventure was characterized by four indicators, which indicate that the housing and consumer goods in the optimal situation, the transport indicator, and the infrastructure are also relatively favorable and the employment index is in an extremely unfavorable situation. The undesirable index of employment in the city has not only greatly reduced the Livablity, which has caused permanent and seasonal migrations and especially young people in the city of Nur Abad. Thus, the dimensions of the habitability in the city of Nurabad are associated with severity and weakness, and the greater the extent of the environment to the Moving social and economic dimensions reduces the severity of Livablity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - Climatic zoning of Shahrood city based on windbreak location indices and parameters affecting thermal comfort
tayebe valian s.majid mofidi mahnaz mahmoodiThe purpose of this study is to locate windbreaks in Shahrood city with respect to climatic zoning and thermal comfort. This research is applied in terms of purpose. First, by examining the theoretical foundations, the initial list of indicators affecting the location o MoreThe purpose of this study is to locate windbreaks in Shahrood city with respect to climatic zoning and thermal comfort. This research is applied in terms of purpose. First, by examining the theoretical foundations, the initial list of indicators affecting the location of windbreaks was prepared and reviewed and approved by Delphi fan. Then, in order to find areas prone to windbreak, a hybrid model was used. Also, the Olegi model was used to determine the thermal comfort in Shahrood and to identify suitable times for using windbreaks. This model incorporates the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique and the Geographic Information System (GIS). Tools used included ArcGIS software, version 9.3 and Expert Choice software, version 2004. Paired comparison method was used to weight the indicators and zones. Six indicators of sundial, wind, altitude, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were identified for windbreak location. Relative humidity index with a weight of 0.38 had the highest and height index with a weight of 0.154 had the lowest score. The months of May and June are in the zone of thermal comfort and there are times when windbreaks will not be very useful in Shahrood city. On the other hand, July, August and September due to high temperatures and December, January, February and March due to high cold are good times to use windbreaks. Finally, the layer related to each indicator was prepared and drawn for Shahrood city. The use of hierarchical analysis method combined with GIS and layer superimposing method makes it possible to identify and determine the optimal location for a variety of uses in a wide geographical area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - Compilation of branding strategies based on physical and environmental dimensions of the smart city in Tehran's Sixth District, Yousef Abad neighborhood
azam molaei زینب کرکه آبادی abbas ArghanThe contribution of the study in place branding theory is that cities and destinations generally do not include their smart aspects in their branding strategy. Therefore, one should try to understand that branding is not the only management and communication of a brand. MoreThe contribution of the study in place branding theory is that cities and destinations generally do not include their smart aspects in their branding strategy. Therefore, one should try to understand that branding is not the only management and communication of a brand. It should be a complete management process, constantly evolving, which should include all key aspects of the identity, reality and development of cities and destinations, and should also be able to include aspects and realities of the territory even if they include them. The current research is quantitative in terms of purpose, application and methodology. Library sources and field research (questionnaire) have been used to collect information. For sampling from the statistical population, the urban planners of the sixth district of Tehran, Yousef Abad neighborhood, are considered. For this purpose, random sampling was used in this study. According to the opinion of professors and consultants, the size of the statistical sample is 30 people due to the unknown exact statistics of the number of experts in the field of urban planning. Questionnaire validity, content validity and reliability were determined using Cronbach's alpha as 0.88. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The data analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the physical and environmental components of the urban branding of Mahlesfabad and the smart city at the 95% confidence level. It is also possible to provide an unlimited amount of information about Yousef Abad neighborhood by holding various exhibitions and events, online information (or city branding in virtual space and social networks) and websites designed with a domain name specific to the city. Transfer to your contacts and by providing virtual tourism tours, signs and elements of the visual identity of the city, advertising slogans, calendar of city events, the possibility of online planning and reservation of facilities and other unlimited facilities, influence the audience's understanding of that neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - A Suggestion to Establish the Chronology and Determine the Application of Defensive Architecture Remnants of Mount Ashkawt, Mahmoud Abad (Northwest Iran)
Hamid Amanollahi Mohammad Reza GhadriMount Ashkawt in the northeast of Mahmoudabad town contains extensive archaeological remains that have not been systematically surveyed and no information published about it yet. There are collapsed stone structures probably related to the defensive fortifications of a MoreMount Ashkawt in the northeast of Mahmoudabad town contains extensive archaeological remains that have not been systematically surveyed and no information published about it yet. There are collapsed stone structures probably related to the defensive fortifications of a castle on the west, north, and south sides of the mountain. Further, there are scattered stone structures in the form of low barrows and regular wall bases on top of the mountain. Based on the methods of construction, materials, potsherds, and paleoclimate indicators, the chronology of the site has been established; the architectural remains may be attributed to the Parthian and Sassanid periods according to comparative studies. During a preliminary survey on the remains illegally excavated places by looters, several potsherds including the edge, handle, bottom, and body of the buff ware vessels were found to correlate with the Parthian period. Natural and human factors have changed the structure of Mount Ashkawt and the architectural remains on it over time. Besides, Unauthorized excavations are an important factor that damaged the architectural structures of this large natural-archaeological site. Therefore, cultural heritage officials must pay attention to conservation and management programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - The Archaeological Research at the Ancient Sites of Sirwan River Valley, Sanandaj and Sarvabad Counties, Kurdistan Province
Shokouh Khosravi Saman Mostafapour Farhad FatahiThe Archaeological Survey of a part of the Valley of Sirwan River between the east of Sarvabad County and the west of Sanandaj County in the southwest of Kurdistan province was carried out in October 2016. The area is surrounded by many heights covered with oak and bany MoreThe Archaeological Survey of a part of the Valley of Sirwan River between the east of Sarvabad County and the west of Sanandaj County in the southwest of Kurdistan province was carried out in October 2016. The area is surrounded by many heights covered with oak and banyan trees, forming a V-shaped valley with a short width and a steep slope. This situation is not an ideal condition for the formation of sites and human settlements, and therefore, it was not logical to expect the discovery of many sites before the survey. This survey included only the catchment areas of Nayabad Dam, where in total 11 sites were identified. The oldest identified settlements, including 6 sites, belonged to the Parthian period, and no older findings were obtained from this survey. Just a site had evidence from the 4th to 6th A.H. centuries. It seems that the lack of ancient sites in the valley is most likely related to the geological and topographic conditions of the valley. The lack of arable land, the stony nature of the area, and the excessive slope of the land in the valley have caused the formation of only nine ancient sites and two cemeteries throughout the region. Locating on the slopes and being single-period sites are reasons we see only a small number of pottery pieces in most of the sites, which apparently are scattered in a natural bed without any archaeological deposits. To identify the endangered sites of the valley, four of them were excavated (tested by 3-5 sondages), three of which had the remains of seasonal settlements, and in the area of Deh Kohene 1, a graveyard from the Parthian period was revealed, where a simple pit grave and a burial pot were revealed from there. Due to the mentioned reasons, the Sirvan River valley from Nagal to Nai Abad has not had numerous and important settlements throughout history due to environmental conditions and topography. The distribution pattern of the ancient sites and the appearance of the archaeological deposits show that a pattern similar to today has been ruling in the region in the past. At present, for six months of the year, the people of the region live in scattered houses and places located in their agricultural land and gardens on the edge of the river and return to the village during the cold season. Undoubtedly, this pattern was formed due to environmental restrictions and has continued to the present. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Archaeological Excavation at Tepe Mardabad, Karaj
Mohammad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi Farzan AhmadnezhadUrban expansion in recent decades, especially in the peripheral areas of Tehran and Karaj, has led to the expansion of areas that were villages surrounded by gardens on the outskirts of Karaj before the revolution. Mardabad/Mahdasht, which became a city in the not-so-di MoreUrban expansion in recent decades, especially in the peripheral areas of Tehran and Karaj, has led to the expansion of areas that were villages surrounded by gardens on the outskirts of Karaj before the revolution. Mardabad/Mahdasht, which became a city in the not-so-distant past (1991), has expanded rapidly and the gardens and historical monuments around it, like many other cities in Alborz province, have been destroyed or exposed to destruction. Tepe Mardabad is located in Mahdasht town, eleven kilometers southwest of Karaj in Alborz province. The site has been registered as number 2252 in the list of national monuments of Iran in 1998. Mardabad is located in the northwestern of Mahdasht town, exactly on the border of residential houses and agricultural lands, residential constructions in recent years have severely threatened, destroyed, and encroached on the southern and to some extent eastern parts of the site. In the spring of 2016, an archaeological excavation was carried out on the site to recognize the core and buffer zone. Tepe Mardabad is one of the highest ancient mounds in Alborz province, there is evidence of the cultural sequence from the 6th millennium BC to the Middle Islamic era in this area. Certainly, conducting scientific and more extensive excavations on this site will lead to obtaining much more accurate archaeological information. However, according to surface pottery evidence, the site has a long chronological sequence: Late Neolithic period (Sialk I / 6th millennium BC), Transitional Chalcolithic/Cheshmeh Ali (Sialk II/late 6th/early of the fifth millennium BC), Iron Age I (the end of the second millennium BC), the historical period and the Islamic era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Nizamabad: its position in the end of the classical period of Iran to the beginning of the Islamic period
Ali Hozhabri Mohammadreza Nemati Mohammad Mortezayi Mohsen SaadatiPassing from the Sasanian era to the Islamic era, the culture and art of Iran continued in its previous way and few changes occurred in it. One of the key archeological sites next to Tepe Hisar and Chal Tarkhan (and some other sites), which shows the transition from Sas MorePassing from the Sasanian era to the Islamic era, the culture and art of Iran continued in its previous way and few changes occurred in it. One of the key archeological sites next to Tepe Hisar and Chal Tarkhan (and some other sites), which shows the transition from Sasanian to the early Islamic era, is Nizamabad. Despite this importance, the location of this hill has been shrouded in mystery and most researchers have noted it near Varamin or Ray. However, according to the photograph taken by Ernst Herzfeld in 1925 of Nizamabad, it can be identified by morphology. Nizamabad is located in the southwestern of the Tehran. In this article, by introducing this hill, we are trying to show its importance so that proper planning can be done for future research activities. Fortunately, there has been minimal encroachment on this hill -in the southeast of Islamshahr- and although it has been registered in the list of national monuments of Iran, the area and boundaries have not been determined. Considering the importance of the unique plaster casts of this hill in museums, measures should be taken to protect the hill. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Introduction and Analysis of Shiyan Fire Temple, Islamabad-e Gharb
Elham Sahaki Zarin FakharThe architecture of the Sassanid period includes religious and non-religious buildings. Since Zoroastrianism was the official religion of Iran in the Sassanid period, religious buildings related to this period had an important status. Shiyan Fire Temple is one of the an MoreThe architecture of the Sassanid period includes religious and non-religious buildings. Since Zoroastrianism was the official religion of Iran in the Sassanid period, religious buildings related to this period had an important status. Shiyan Fire Temple is one of the ancient shrines in Kermanshah, Iran, dating back to the Sassanid period. Architectural features include a four-arched room with corridors and architectural materials including rubble, stone carcasses, plaster, and gypsum mortar. The dimensions of the building are 14.5× 14.5 m in a square plan. So far, no detailed report or study has been published about this building, and the little information published has been through the writings and documents in the registration file of the building and some reports of the excavator of the Shiyan, according to which the Shiyan Temple is related to the Sassanid era. This research was based on fieldwork, and all available documents were reviewed. In addition, it was carefully studied in terms of plan, materials, and other architectural features. This study aims to introduce the building of the Shiyan Fire Temple as an example of lesser-known fire temples in the west of the country. Accurate identification of the characteristics of this monument can make the reconstruction of fire temples in western Iran smoother. In addition, the investigation of this building is effective in determining the chronology and use of similar buildings in this area. According to the architectural features of the Shiyan building, the materials and components used in the architecture, as well as other movable and immovable finds, this building can be considered a religious place of worship or a fire temple from the Sassanid period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - A survey of Neolithic Sites at SarFirouz Abad Plain, West Central Zagros
Kamalaldin Niknami Meysam Nikzad Sima YadollahiThe Sarfirouz Abad plain in Iran, which is located on the east side of Mahidasht and west of Central Zagros, has a great potential for the archaeological studies. Nevertheless, due to the lack of archaeological research here, it is now considered to remain archaeologica MoreThe Sarfirouz Abad plain in Iran, which is located on the east side of Mahidasht and west of Central Zagros, has a great potential for the archaeological studies. Nevertheless, due to the lack of archaeological research here, it is now considered to remain archaeologically a less known area. Its geographical location and environmental potentials make it necessary to perform a systematic archaeological research process. Due to this requirement, the SF area was surveyed using an intensive field walking process by a team from Tehran University during a few months in 2009. This fieldwork provided data and for the first time added much useful information to expand our knowledge on the archaeology of the region in general and the Neolithic settlements in particular. From the findings gained through this study, 17 sites were found to have remains attributable to the Neolithic Period. Recent studies show that in SF, settlement began in the early Neolithic Period; three of these sites were identified in various parts of the area. Fifteen locations with settlement and pottery remains showed evidence of the middle and late Neolithic periods. An investigation of the settlement patterns of these Neolithic sites reveals a strong relationship to natural resources, particularly water and sources of flint. With the commencement of pottery in the area, significant changes occurred in the location patterns of the sites. The present study investigates the characteristics of potteries found from site surfaces and developed an interpretation of the Neolithic settlement patterns of the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
397 - Investigating the Process of Ancient Metalworking Industry in Qazvin Plain
Khodakaram MazaheriEver since man succeeded in discovering metal and realized its value, this industry has always played an important role in the course of human life, and man has tried to solve many of his problems by using it as much as possible. Due to the importance of this industry a MoreEver since man succeeded in discovering metal and realized its value, this industry has always played an important role in the course of human life, and man has tried to solve many of his problems by using it as much as possible. Due to the importance of this industry and its progress and development, the period of metal use has been divided into three shorter stages of copper, bronze and iron. The environmental conditions for the emergence of metallurgy and metal industries in the semi-arid plains of the Iranian plateau have been very suitable, because in these areas there are various and abundant minerals that are still exploited. The proximity of these mineral resources to ancient sites has provided a good base for the extraction and production of metals in the ancient period. One of the important areas of Iran, which is very important in this field and studies have been done in this field so far, is the Qazvin Plain, which we will examine in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
398 - Identification of Exchange in Prehistory
Hamidreza ValipourTrading was one of the important and attractive subjects for the archaeologists and anthropologists in the 70s and 80s A.D. Though The great role of trading is less emphasized in the evolution and development of the cultures and societies, it is still one of the major f MoreTrading was one of the important and attractive subjects for the archaeologists and anthropologists in the 70s and 80s A.D. Though The great role of trading is less emphasized in the evolution and development of the cultures and societies, it is still one of the major factors in this sense. The writer believes that without a good understanding of a social organization in a society, surveying the trading system in the society is something if not impossible, so imperfect Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
399 - Late Bronze Age at Tepe Sagzabad in the Base of Pottery Evidence
Mohammad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi Kamalaldin Niknami Nastaran MoradiThe Late Bronze age in Tepe Sagzabad without any relationship with previous pre-historic cultures in the region had been appeared suddenly in late second millennium BC. Handmade Monochrome and polychrome potteries (Uremia ware) is cultural indicator in this Period. Our MoreThe Late Bronze age in Tepe Sagzabad without any relationship with previous pre-historic cultures in the region had been appeared suddenly in late second millennium BC. Handmade Monochrome and polychrome potteries (Uremia ware) is cultural indicator in this Period. Our aimed to Trying Deportment of Archaeology, university of Tehran excavation in fall of 2009 at Tepe Sagzabad was recognition of cultural Layers of south part of this site and 3 different Trenches (6, 7 and 8) were dug. Trench 6 had different cultural Layers including: Iron Age I, Late Bronze age and Late Chalcolithic period. Between these Finds, Monochrome and polychrome potteries from Late Bronze age were remarkable. This Paper will focus on Typology, classification and introduces different kind of Late Bronze age pottery motif. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
400 - Tepe Sarghal’eh: the Evidence of Uruk Pottery in Kurdistan Province and its Relation with Routes of Iran to Mesopotamia
Amir Saed Mucheshi Ali Azarshab Zahra GhaffariIn the present paper, Tepe Sarghal’eh and its surface fingings have been studied. This survey coincided with excavation of one of the sites in the region. The site had previously been identified. In this review we have tried to gather complete data. The discovered MoreIn the present paper, Tepe Sarghal’eh and its surface fingings have been studied. This survey coincided with excavation of one of the sites in the region. The site had previously been identified. In this review we have tried to gather complete data. The discovered potsherds show this mound just belongs to late Chalcolithic period and Il-Khanid (Mongol) dynasty. What makes this mound a remarkable one is the existence of first Uruk pottery samples in Kurdistan province. In other words, finding such potsherds in Sarghal’eh Tepe indicates the importance of this site – as it is located on the route to Mesopotamia – and the influence of Mesopotamia on this area, selecting appropriate places as well as the site size. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
401 - Tepe RahmatAbad: A Settlement of Achaemenid Period on Southern Gorge of Bolaqi Valley
Mohammad Hossein Azizi KharanaghiFars province as the origin of the Achaemenid Empire has a great number of monuments of this cultural period. Recent studies on the Pasargadae area and Bolaqi valley led to discovery of new sites of this period such as Dokhtar- Bor (the road has been dug in to the Bolaq MoreFars province as the origin of the Achaemenid Empire has a great number of monuments of this cultural period. Recent studies on the Pasargadae area and Bolaqi valley led to discovery of new sites of this period such as Dokhtar- Bor (the road has been dug in to the Bolaqi valley rocks which is attributed to the Achaemenid period), a small palace and the mud brick structures at the top of Tepe Rahmat Abad. Rahmat Abad is a small tell site (Half an hectare) in front of southern gorge of the Bolaqi valley. The site was excavated in 2005 and 2009. This site has a cultural deposit of Neolithic period (including two different phases: Pre-Pottery Neolithic Phase (RahmatAbad Phase) and Pottery Neolithic Phase (Formative Mushki and Mushki Phase), Middle Bakun period, Achaemenid period and Late Islamic (Qajar) period. In the 2009 season a mud brick structure with a semicircle plan was identified just at the top of the site which belongs to the Achaemenid period. The function of this structure is reasonable in connection with the royal road between Pasargadae and Persepolis. The absolute dating on one charcoal piece provided the date belonging to the beginning of the Achaemenid Empire. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
402 - Late Chalcolithic Period at Tepe Segzabad
Mohammad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi Kamalaldin NiknamiTepe Sagzabad is one of the most important Prehistoric Sites in Qazvin Plain. Based on the long time Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran excavation, Tepe Sagzabad Known as a best sample of Iron and Late Bronze Age site in Qazvin Plain. Some new evidence of l MoreTepe Sagzabad is one of the most important Prehistoric Sites in Qazvin Plain. Based on the long time Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran excavation, Tepe Sagzabad Known as a best sample of Iron and Late Bronze Age site in Qazvin Plain. Some new evidence of late 4th Millennium BC Cultures is Known Late Chalcolithic Period in Central Plateau, Has been identified in Tepe Sagzabad. Research-based Training Excavation [Practical method of excavating projects] was carried out in the fall of 2008 by the Department of Archaeology, Tehran University, intending to study the layers of the late chalcolithic discovered in 2007. In this season three trenches (6, 7 and 8) were dug. At last, the evidence of the late chalcolithic was only found in trench 6. Unfortunately, the expedition couldn’t find any complete structural [architectural] remains due to illegal digging, but a considerable number of pottery sherds typical of this period, were found. This article will only focus on the typology, classification and various types of the late chalcolithic pottery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Description and Analysis of ZafarAbad Petroglyph, Dehgolan, Kurdistan
Jamshid Samadi Bagejan Ali BehniaRock motifs and engravings can be considered as the oldest artistic effects and manifestation of the human society. It is estimated that the history and background of the existence of this rock art refer to more than thirty thousand years ago in the Zagros Mountains and MoreRock motifs and engravings can be considered as the oldest artistic effects and manifestation of the human society. It is estimated that the history and background of the existence of this rock art refer to more than thirty thousand years ago in the Zagros Mountains and it has also a long history in Iran. The plain of Dehgolan located in among the Mountains has always attracted various ethnic groups because of enjoying the proper environmental conditions throughout history and has always provided a suitable environment and conditions from the earliest days for living and continuity of the human life. Existence of many archeological works including Zafar Abad petroglyphs carved into the rock surface and the ancient rocky hills related to the different historical periods including the prehistoric times are evidences of this claim. Although it generally seems too difficult to determine the date of these rock engravings and motifs, the quality and the method of these rock engravings and motifs in Zafar Abad Hills and also the animals carved on these rocks make them more probable to be related to the prehistoric rock engravings and motifs based on their similarities. However, finding the pottery works related to the Parthian Era along with these motifs and engravings has doubted the assumption of attributing them to the prehistoric times. This report is an attempt to have a survey on the description and illustration of these rock engravings and motifs based on some field studies done in this area. Its purpose is to introduce an ancient masterpiece which has received less attention because of being far away and not being accessible easily. These rock engravings and motifs have been located in the southwestern slopes of a cliff in Zafar Abad and in the southeastern part of Kurdistan Province and the northeast of Dehgolan in the slopes of a mountain known as Mount Sheida. These rock engravings and motifs are the scenes of hunting animals such as antelope and deer by some people riding horses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - Stratigeraphic excavation at south part of Tepe Sagzabad, Qazvin plain
Mohammad Hossein Azizi Kharanaghi Reza NaseriTrying excavation of department of Archaeology of university of Tehran in Qazvin plain at Tape Sagzabad carried out in autumn 2009 and two small Trenches (7&8) with stratigraphic aims at south part of the site were excavated. Unfortunately, cultural layers of Tape S MoreTrying excavation of department of Archaeology of university of Tehran in Qazvin plain at Tape Sagzabad carried out in autumn 2009 and two small Trenches (7&8) with stratigraphic aims at south part of the site were excavated. Unfortunately, cultural layers of Tape Sagzabad have been badly damaged, due to illegal excavation, but the south part of the site seemed to be safer from the destruction. The cultural layers of this part especially in Trench 7 presented logical and regularly cultural sequence. In this Trench the evidence of historical period, Iron Age and late Bronze Age was found, but because of the small excavated area of excavation (just 2×2 m. dimension) we could not find any structure. However, the pottery evidence of the Trenches provided the possible offers of relative chronology of this part of the site. The thickness of the cultural layers of this part, especially in Tranche 7, presents a large extent of the site in the south part showing the necessity of determination excavation for the Tape Sagzabad. This paper focused on typology, classification, presentation and comparison of the different kinds of the potteries comming from of those two stratigraphic Trenches and we will try to present the relative chronology of south part of Tape Sagzabad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - Sasanian Pottery of Western Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Based on Archaeological Survey Samples of Farsan County
Hossein Habibi Yadollah Heydari Baba KamalPottery is the most abundant and one of the most important archaeological materials, which can be used by Archaeologists for the purposes like dating, specifying the technological and socio-political complexity level of various human groups, artistic transitions and stu MorePottery is the most abundant and one of the most important archaeological materials, which can be used by Archaeologists for the purposes like dating, specifying the technological and socio-political complexity level of various human groups, artistic transitions and study of economic and cultural interactions between past societies. Therefore making acquaintance with this material culture and presenting more and more exact classifications is a basic, but of high importance work to be done in the archaeological recognition of past societies. Yet, unfortunately our archaeological knowledge of the Sasanian ceramics is negligible. Finding a large number of Sasanian shards from the archaeological survey of Farsan County in Chahar-mahal & Bakhtiari province, the present paper deals with description, typology and comparison of Sasanian ceramics from this county. Based on that, it has been specified that Sasanian Pottery of Farsan has the clear similarity with acquired samples from the neighboring cultural zones of Khuzestan and Fars which according to the dynastic character of Sasanian political system, geographic specifications of the region and the prevailing livelihood mode of nomadism of these societies make sense. The results of this research gave a new sight to the interaction between the under study region, which is lying at the crossroad of southwest, west and central plateau routs of Iran, and neighboring regions during Sasanian era. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - The Neo-Assyrian Relief from Mishkhas, Ilam
Abdolmalek Shanbehzadeh Sajjad AlibaigiSo far little evidence has been found about Assyrian’s campaigns and fighting against native residents of Zagros on the spot. While Assyrian archives and reliefs at neo-Assyrian palaces in north Mesopotamia provide vast information about their fights, campaigns an MoreSo far little evidence has been found about Assyrian’s campaigns and fighting against native residents of Zagros on the spot. While Assyrian archives and reliefs at neo-Assyrian palaces in north Mesopotamia provide vast information about their fights, campaigns and triumphs. Generally speaking, this kind of evidence is so scarcely found in Medes region itself that these new proofs and information can be of great value to add up our knowledge in this case. During visits of two mountaineers in 2009 a rock relief was found in southwest Elam that pictured a person in totally Assyrian costume, hat and gesture. Since there is no inscription it is hard to talk about its creator but due to the close similarities between the reliefs at Shkaft-i Gul Gul with this person it seems this is the same person who is depicted at Shkaft-I Gul Gul and illustrates one of the latest powerful kings of Assyria i.e. Sennacherib, Eserhaddon or Assurbanipal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - A Proposal to Determine the Location of the Ilkhani City of Sultanabad Chamchamal (Little Baghdad) in Bisotun Kermanshah
Abbas Motarjem Yaqub MohammadifarBased on the historical resources in the age of Soltan Abusaeid, one of the Ilkhanid in Iran, a splendid city in the direction of a road towards "The Holy Shrines" in the place of Chamchamal Plain located in boundary extent between Bisotun and Sahneh was founded. This c MoreBased on the historical resources in the age of Soltan Abusaeid, one of the Ilkhanid in Iran, a splendid city in the direction of a road towards "The Holy Shrines" in the place of Chamchamal Plain located in boundary extent between Bisotun and Sahneh was founded. This city has been named Little Sultanabad or Little Baghdad. During two seasons of archaeological surveys in the years of 2001-2003 at Chamchamal Plain, all the archaic remains in the site ere identified and surveyed in the measuring method. Among the precincts of Chamchamal Plain, a Tepe named Gharghovand lacated in 5 km in east of Bisotun and having 20 hectare extent, more than any other precinct is capable of conformity with Sultanabad city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Ardashir Khorreh; the Capital of Ardashir Papakan
Reza MehrAfarin Sorour Khorashadi Abbas Jame BozorgArdashir Papakan, the founder of Sassanid dynasty, emphasized to urbanism. He made a large number of cities to who pointed out most of historians and geographers of the first Islamic century. The largest and most important city of Ardashir was Gur or Ardashir Khoreh whi MoreArdashir Papakan, the founder of Sassanid dynasty, emphasized to urbanism. He made a large number of cities to who pointed out most of historians and geographers of the first Islamic century. The largest and most important city of Ardashir was Gur or Ardashir Khoreh which was located in the vicinity of Firooz Abad in Fars province. This was the capital of Ardashir and also had a circular shape as like as some Parthian cities. There was located a lofty tower called Terbal in the middle of the town. It was the symbol of Anahita, the goddess of water and near it was a large palace. Islamic geographers have described the buildings of Ardashir Khoreh and also the archaeologists have dug in it in recent century. So, there are many data about this city and its installations. Ardashir Khoreh was founded after Ardeshir victory over Ardavan V and then constructed a glorious palace called Ardashir palace in the vicinity of the town and at a good climate place. This palace was Appropriate to dignity and glory of Ardashir, so, he rest in it at the end of his life and indeed, after abdication of power. Ardashir ordered to construct a strong and stable fortress on the summit of Tangab in order to maximize his small army against Ardavan`s attacks and also underpin the release of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - Architectural Properties and Decorations in Khosrowabad Mansion at Sanandaj
Mohammad Ibrahim ZareiSeveral buildings in the city of Sanandaj have been identified from the Qajar period. One of the buildings of the Qajar period, the city is building Khosrvabad. The building is architecturally important buildings. Mansion is located next to large Chaharbagh. This collec MoreSeveral buildings in the city of Sanandaj have been identified from the Qajar period. One of the buildings of the Qajar period, the city is building Khosrvabad. The building is architecturally important buildings. Mansion is located next to large Chaharbagh. This collection represents the governors and rulers of Kurdistan in the course of this type of large-scale construction. The certificate and the evidence available in this area as a summer resort Chaharbagh Ardalan has been used by governors. The building has a building area of about eight thousand square meters. Given its importance to local historians and even some foreign and domestic travelers has attracted. Making time in a poem on the tablet of stone on the building Khosrvabad 1223.AH Is clear. This is the script Nasta liq. On the inside courtyard of the building entrance has been installed. Fath Ali Shah is the history of the state. In this inscription, the word Chahar, pleasant palace and its founder and his son, Amanullah Khan, Fath Ali Shah Khosrow second of Kurdistan and governors have been mentioned. It was so impressive monuments of the city of Sanandaj. Should be noted that the architecture does not scale for any home in Sanandaj. Some features of this building is a unique building in the west of Iran. This historical record, process, change the structure of architecture, architectural Decoration and other home influence is the city of Sanandaj. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - اثر بخشی برنامه توانمندسازی شغلی مبتنی بر الگوی مشاوره حرفه ای چند محوری در خودکارآمدی حرفه ای و جهت گیری آینده زنان سرپرست خانوار"
فاطمه علیجانی مهدی زارع بهرام آبادی محمدرضا عابدی -
Open Access Article
411 - بررسی تأثیر تاکتیک های نفوذ بر آمادگی برای تغییر در کارکنان بیمارستان تامین اجتماعی بجنورد
نازنین وحدانی رشوانلوئی بهرنگ اسماعیلی شاد -
Open Access Article
412 - اثربخشی آموزش الگوی چندمحوری انتخاب شغل شفیعآبادی بر فرسودگی شغلی
اشرف السادات شریفی عبداله شفیع آبادی مهدی زارع بهرام آبادی -
Open Access Article
413 - Environmental management of sanitary wastewater sludge (bio-solids) to produce compost and compare it for replacement with conventional chemical fertilizers
Shahram Lasemi Ebrahim Alaie Reza Arjmandi Amir Hesam HassaniCurrently, the environmental management of wastewater sludge is a major challenge in environmental engineering. New effective solutions for wastewater treatment lead to improved final effluent quality but significantly increase the volume of wastewater sludge produced. MoreCurrently, the environmental management of wastewater sludge is a major challenge in environmental engineering. New effective solutions for wastewater treatment lead to improved final effluent quality but significantly increase the volume of wastewater sludge produced. This study investigated the environmental management status of the sewage sludge of the sanitary treatment plant of the Mahmoudabad Cultural, Recreational, and Sports Complex affiliated to the National Oil Company to produce compost and compare it for replacement with conventional chemical fertilizers.The present study is descriptive-cross-sectional. The required sludge was prepared from the sludge dryer beds of the wastewater treatment plant of Mahmoudabad Cultural, Recreational, and Sports Complex, and the method used was aerobic sludge compost by the wind. Windrow size was 1/2 m high, 1.5 m wide, and 2.5 m long and was performed in 3 stages of 20 days.This study showed that the percentage of organic matter in the compost obtained from the municipal sewage sludge of Mahmoud Abad is of good quality. Changes in temperature, pH, percentage of carbon and nitrogen in the samples were in the acceptable range. Considering the environmental conditions and nutritional needs of plants, it can be said that bio fertilizers and especially compost from wastewater treatment, can play a positive role in plant growth and yield under drought stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - The role of cis-acting elements of the promoter region in regulating the spatio-temporal expression of the salinity stress-responsive NHX1 gene in Triticum aestivum L.
Shadi Heidari Baharak Heidari Peivand HeidariSoil salinity is one of the most serious issues in wheat cultivation in Iran, which has a detrimental impact on crop production and plant growth. To investigate genes associated with the response to salinity stress in wheat, 3567 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were anal MoreSoil salinity is one of the most serious issues in wheat cultivation in Iran, which has a detrimental impact on crop production and plant growth. To investigate genes associated with the response to salinity stress in wheat, 3567 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were analyzed from salinity-tolerant wheat leaf and root libraries collected from the Harvard University Database. EGassembler, CLCbio and IDEG6 softwares were used to analyze gene expression and the GoMapMan comparative classification tool was used to classify functional catalogs. Statistically significant differences were observed between the genes of the two libraries in 7 functional groups. The results showed that NHX1 ion exchangers play an important role in ion homeostasis and salinity stress tolerance in both leaf and root tissues. Because a full understanding of the gene transcription regulation system depends on functional analysis of cis-acting elements, the regulatory elements in the 5' regulatory region of the NHX1 genes were identified using Plant CARE databases. Several regulatory elements related to biological processes, hormonal regulation, and stress response and environmental stimuli were identified. This study provides an insight into the role of the promoter’s cis-acting in regulating the spatio-temporal expression of NHX1 gene under salinity stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - سنجش میزان احساس تعلق خاطر مکانی و تأثیرات فضایی- مکانی آن در بافت های فرسوده شهری (مطالعه موردی: محله سهل آباد شیراز)
جمیله توکلی نیا محمدصادق افراسیابی محمد حسین بوچانی -
Open Access Article
416 - تابآوری بافت فرسوده در مواجهه با سوانح طبیعی با رویکرد توسعه پایدار (مطالعه موردی: بافت فرسوده فیضآباد کرمانشاه)
محمد تقی رضویان مصطفی خزائی سید علی شریفی جواد عبدی -
Open Access Article
417 - مدلسازی ساختاری تفسیری عوامل مؤثر بر شکوفایی شهری (موردمطالعه: نورآباد ممسنی)
عامر نیک پور الهه مرادی منصوره یاراحمدی -
Open Access Article
418 - برنامه ریزی راهبردی با رویکرد توانمندسازی اجتماعی و ارتقاء محیطی سکونتگاههای غیررسمی (مطالعه موردی ماسور)
طاهر پریزادی رویا مرتضی پور خدیجه سپهوند -
Open Access Article
419 - بررسی و تحلیل شاخص های زیست پذیری (نمونه موردی شهرخرم آباد)
فرزانه ساسان پور مانیا فرخانی -
Open Access Article
420 - شناسایی متغیرهای موثر بر توسعه اقتصادی- اجتماعی آینده شهرستانهای ایران با رویکرد برنامه ریزی سناریو مبنا (نمونه موردی: شهرستان خرمآباد)
محمد اجزا شکوهی کیان شاکرمی -
Open Access Article
421 - ارزیابی شدت فرسودگی در محیط ساخته شده با روش تلفیقی AHP & O.M در محیط GIS(نمونۀ موردی: محدودۀ 15 هکتاری محله همت آباد اصفهان)
محمود محمدی داریوش مرادی چادگانی زهرا قاطعی کلاشمی -
Open Access Article
422 - تحلیلی بر جهات بهینه توسعه فضایی - کالبدی شهر مهاباد
جمال امینی واحد اجمدتوزه -
Open Access Article
423 - تحلیل عوامل کلیدی موثر بر آینده بافت ناکارآمد شهری (مورد پژوهی:محله دولت آباد شهر ملایر)
علیرضا شیخ الاسلامی فرزانه ساسانپور لیلا صحرایی چشمه سرده -
Open Access Article
424 - سنجش احساس امنیت زنان در فضاهای عمومی شهری (مطالعه موردی: پارک های شهر نورآباد دلفان)
سعید امانپور محمد زیدی منفرد نعیم اکرامی -
Open Access Article
425 - بررسی و تحلیل مشارکت پذیری مردمی در نوسازی و بهسازی بافت فرسودهی شهری(نمونه موردی: شهرتایباد)
محمد سلمانی مقدم سیده فاطمه علوی حامد گنابادی -
Open Access Article
426 - تبیین تحولات سازمان فضایی شهر ساحلی محمودآباد از منظر اقتصاد سیاسی فضا
غلامرضا حقیقت نایینی یاسر محسن پور -
Open Access Article
427 - اثرات بیرونی پارک های محله ای و عناصر چشمانداز در ارزش مجتمع های مسکونی (مورد مطالعه: مجتمع های مسکونی شهر نورآباد ممسنی)
علی شمس الدینی محمدعلی فیروزی محمدرضا امیری فهلیانی -
Open Access Article
428 - بررسی تأثیر رهیافتهای اجتماعی، اقتصادی و کالبدی بر توانمندسازی اجتماعی سکونتگاههای غیررسمی (نمونه موردی محله آسیهآباد اهواز)
نوبخت سبحانی نسترن نوروزی سیله مجید اکبری مریم بیرانوندزاده -
Open Access Article
429 - ساماندهی و توانمندسازی سکونتگاه های غیررسمی در شهر زنجان (مطالعه ی موردی: محلّه ی اسلام آباد)
محمد جواد حیدری فاطمه لطفی -
Open Access Article
430 - توان سنجی محیطی و نقش آن در توسعه شهری (مطالعه موردی: زاغه خرم آباد)
منصوره مهرگان علی دالوند -
Open Access Article
431 - The effectiveness of Shafiabady`s multi-axial pattern on general self-efficacy assessment of the vocational performance in employers of Behbahan branch ,Islamic Azad University
Noushin Dehghan کاترین فکریPurpose : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Shafiabady`s multi-axial pattern on self- evaluation of the voctional performance in Behbahan Islamic Azad university staffs. Method :The design of the study was a semi-experimental with MorePurpose : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Shafiabady`s multi-axial pattern on self- evaluation of the voctional performance in Behbahan Islamic Azad university staffs. Method :The design of the study was a semi-experimental with per-test, post-test and control group. The target population included all Behbahan Islamic Azad university staffs. The sample was selected by a Cluster sampling method from two of three different sections of the university (educational and dormitory) that was chosen randomly. Subjects were asked to respond to self- evaluation questionnaires of self- evaluation of the voctional performance , out of which 20 employees who scored lower than others were selected from each sectors and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of treatment (each 90minutes) based on shafiabady`s multi-axial pattern, and there was no treatment for the control group. The post-test administered and the follow-up was done one month later. Result :Analysis of covariance and dependent t-test were run to analyze the data. The results showed that shafiabady`s multi-axial pattern has a significant effect on self- evaluation of the voctional performance in the staffs, and the results were stable over time. Conclusion: Therefore, it is recommended that this method be used to increase vocational performance self-assessment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - The effectiveness of Shafiabadi vocational choice (SMPVC) mutli axial pattern of pattern training program in reducing organizational damages iN food industry companies
ali noori Abdollah Shafiabadi Ali Delavar Kiomars FarahbakhshThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of mutli axial pattern of vocational choice (SMPVC)training program in reducing organizational damages in food industry companies. This research method is a pilot study based on pre-test-post-test wit MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of mutli axial pattern of vocational choice (SMPVC)training program in reducing organizational damages in food industry companies. This research method is a pilot study based on pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted of all employees of the food industry companies of Emamzadeh Abdullah Amol was busy industrial town, that 50 people of them were selected in a targeted method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the test was confirmed by experts and its reliability using the Cronbach Alpha test was obtained 0.92. To describe the data, central indices such as mean and standard deviation were used and one-variable covariance analysis was used to examine the hypotheses. The results showed that the effect of training based on on mutli axial pattern of vocational choice (SMPVC)behavioral, structural and field factors is significant at 0.01. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - f
hamid tabeli abolhasan mobaeen marjaneh habeibe ali mahfouzi -
Open Access Article
434 - A survey on Mental Health Status of students in Islamic Azad University-Abadan branch; admitted at 2006-2007 academic year
mohammadali tavakoli nasrin chinisaz maryam alipourObjectives : This study was carried out to determine mental health of the university students in Islamic Azad University, Abadan branch who were admitted in the academic year 2006-2007 . Method : In this cross-sectional and descriptive study , 554 students (366 femal,18 MoreObjectives : This study was carried out to determine mental health of the university students in Islamic Azad University, Abadan branch who were admitted in the academic year 2006-2007 . Method : In this cross-sectional and descriptive study , 554 students (366 femal,188 male) were randomly selected and evaluated on the basis of the General Health Questionnair-28 (GHQ-28) . The reliability of the Questionnaire was computed , and the validity was also determined in a separate study including 80 students . Data was analyzed using T-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test . Results : The study showed that 55.5% of females, and 34.4% of males ,and overall 47.7% of all of the subjects had probably mental health problems . The results also indicated a significant difference in mental health status between men and women , single and married , interested and uninterested in their fields of study , and different age groups. However, it was found that there was no significant difference between indigenous and non-indigenous students . Also, the data yielded appropriate validity and reliability for GHQ-28 . Conclusion : The high mental health problems in the young population of university students is very important because of their future role in the society . Therefore, we need to come up with plans in order to improve students mental health status . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - The effectiveness of multi-axis integrated models of social learning theory Krambvltz Shafiabadi resiliency working on Faculty of Education University of Shiraz
Fatemeh Pourali sefat کاترین Fekri A.R OujinejhadThe aim of present study was to determine the effectiveness of compiling of Shafiabady’s multi axial pattern of vocational choice (SMPVC) with Krumboltz’s socal learg theory on resiliency in employed students of Education college in Islamic azad university o MoreThe aim of present study was to determine the effectiveness of compiling of Shafiabady’s multi axial pattern of vocational choice (SMPVC) with Krumboltz’s socal learg theory on resiliency in employed students of Education college in Islamic azad university of Marvdasht branch. Research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. Statistical community included all of employed students of Education college in Marvdasht university City, Iran. With the available sampling ,questionnaire Resiliency Connor and Davidson (2003) was conducted on 100 employed students. After performing the 32 persons with the lowest scores were selected randomly and divided randomly into two groups of experimental and control, 16 subjects each. the experimental group received training in 8 sessions of 1. 5 hours. No intervention was made in the control group. The results showed that the training compiling of Shafiabady’s multiaxial pattern of vocational choice with social learning theory affected the increase of resiliency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - The effectiveness of compiling of Shafiabady’s multi axial pattern of vocational choice (SMPVC) with Krumboltz’s socal learg theory on resiliency in employed students of Education college in Islamic azad university of Marvdasht branch
fatemeh poralisefat katrin fekri ahmadreza oginegadThe aim of present study was to determine the effectiveness of compiling of Shafiabady’s multi axial pattern of vocational choice (SMPVC) with Krumboltz’s socal learg theory on resiliency in employed students of Education college in Islamic azad university o MoreThe aim of present study was to determine the effectiveness of compiling of Shafiabady’s multi axial pattern of vocational choice (SMPVC) with Krumboltz’s socal learg theory on resiliency in employed students of Education college in Islamic azad university of Marvdasht branch. Research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. Statistical community included all of employed students of Education college in Marvdasht university City, Iran. With the available sampling ,questionnaire Resiliency Connor and Davidson (2003) was conducted on 100 employed students. After performing the 32 persons with the lowest scores were selected randomly and divided randomly into two groups of experimental and control, 16 subjects each. the experimental group received training in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours. No intervention was made in the control group. The results showed that the training compiling of Shafiabady’s multiaxial pattern of vocational choice with social learning theory affected the increase of resiliency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Locating the Last squares battle of Sultan Muhammad Khwarazmshah with the Mongol
حسن رضا رفیعیThe Final days of the King Mohammed Khwarazmshah were one of the bitterest ends of human life that are hollow and empty shadow power to have happy life. Such was the scope of his rule from southern Siberia and Turkestan and China's border and close to the center of the MoreThe Final days of the King Mohammed Khwarazmshah were one of the bitterest ends of human life that are hollow and empty shadow power to have happy life. Such was the scope of his rule from southern Siberia and Turkestan and China's border and close to the center of the Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad continued. Since his last serious battle with the Mongols in the plains or meadows of Dolatabad Malayer occurred. As the owner of this paper, we investigate the causes of the Mongols and locate the last stages of the life of King Mohammed Khwarazmshah including last battle he was in the plains of Malayer. Compiled using descriptive paper based library resources and results analysis method is content analysis. The main research question that this article seeks to answer is the issue is: What is the cause of Mongol invasion to Iran and Where have you been the last battle squares of Sultan Muhammad Khwarazmshah with the armies of the Mongol? Key words: Mongolian, Kharazmshahian, Iran, Castle Farzin, Zea, King Mohammed Khwarazmshah Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - Survey of business and trading situation during Qajar ruling in Esterabad
ehsan kouhriradEsterabad province was one of the important provinces during various eras especially safavieh and Qajar , due to vicinity of Russia , connecting Mazandaran to Khorasan ,…and on the other hand having favorable weather condition that made it possible for farming an MoreEsterabad province was one of the important provinces during various eras especially safavieh and Qajar , due to vicinity of Russia , connecting Mazandaran to Khorasan ,…and on the other hand having favorable weather condition that made it possible for farming and plantation. The rules for breaking down provinces at Qajar era not only based on the strategic view of different areas but also on the presents that area governors send for the kings , that caused this province to be separated centralized with Esterabad. the issue emphasized the importance of this province. Fertile farms , many livestocks , and being a connecting link for import and export from neighbor hood countries and provinces created a suitable conditions for business and trade in this province. Bandar-e-gaz as the safe harbor for passangers and import and export was a specific feature that juice up to this area.here we should point to the Ashooradeh Island that used for trading too but not as important as Bandar-e-gaz. At the end , Esterabad province in addition to the significance of trading is one of the entrance for the northern neighbor countries that put this province as one of important provinces of the country Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - Analysis of the Character Mazdak and Movement of Mazdkiyeh
mohammad taghi fazli mohammad hosen moghadas jafariMost researchers believe before that , Mazdak will be a religion creator who is as a social reformist who fight against unfavorable situation and with influence in the Sasanian s MoreMost researchers believe before that , Mazdak will be a religion creator who is as a social reformist who fight against unfavorable situation and with influence in the Sasanian state could gathere many followers by himself . His main purpose has been the setting up Mazdak ,s movement against unjust laws Sasanian government and the Destroy of the deformed ,social tradition of the same periode.Mazdak will create Reforms in the social relations of Zoroastrianism with the moral teachings According to his faith, With this reformations,he can restabilish the Equality and social justice Because of it which go to waver and laxity, apparently the influence of Mazdak, made the Sasanian priests horror And the priests saw their power in danger. So, they decided to mislead and deceive young Anushiravan who imamture and they made him stimulate again Mazdak. Until. Anushiravan can reconnoiter with ruse and deceit and called Mazdak.s followers and his party and kill them all of them because of fear from the influence of Mazdak,s followers In the year 528 or early 529 AD. But Mazdak.s religion did not disappear.but the followers of this. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - fg
shamsaldin najmidfg -
Open Access Article
441 - Lazarists Efforts for the ownership of khossroabad
hosen ahmadiFrench missionaries known as lazariste , had entered in Iran in Mohammad shah era and settled down in Khasroabad village where it was the center for their principal activities . By hunge investments and long them planifications, they proceeded to establish a priest tra MoreFrench missionaries known as lazariste , had entered in Iran in Mohammad shah era and settled down in Khasroabad village where it was the center for their principal activities . By hunge investments and long them planifications, they proceeded to establish a priest training school in khosroabad.Dnee stayed for a long period of time while Mozzaferedin shah reign, the lazaristes made all their efforts in order to stabilize completely their Situation in Khosroabad Village backed widespreadly by Nezam saltaneh , Azerbaijan governor, Nazar Ogha yamin saltaneh , Iranian embassy in Paris and some other local officials. My paper classifies how the French missionaries course of acltion ended to the owrership of khasroabad village Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Zoroastrians of Khorasan in the uprising
gholam hoein noyeGreater Khorasan in different periods of history, civilization, one of the biggest areas in Iran And throughout history, Iran has gained importance and prestige in the Islamic period has been well maintained.Events occurred in the days after the conquest of Khorasan to MoreGreater Khorasan in different periods of history, civilization, one of the biggest areas in Iran And throughout history, Iran has gained importance and prestige in the Islamic period has been well maintained.Events occurred in the days after the conquest of Khorasan to the right shows that the first Hegira century as a center jobs in political, economic, and religious to be against Iraq. Particularly important role in the creation of the Abbasids in Khurasan and Khorasanis not wearing one. Abumoslem to help the people of Khorasan, who had a major role in the killing soon Absyan Karamdn Khorasan was eliminated from the political scene. The article attempts to forward movement and the uprising that erupted after the death of Abu Moslem in Khorasan and also be paid to the Zoroastrians in the uprising. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - Causes of ansar failure and success of immigrants in Saqifa
ابراهیم KhorasaniIn analyzing Saqifa events which led to immigrants victory, a set reasons has been given.the first one was long-standing and rooted hostility as well as jealousy between the tribes Khazarj and Aws,which has been an important factor in Abu Bakr victory.the second reason MoreIn analyzing Saqifa events which led to immigrants victory, a set reasons has been given.the first one was long-standing and rooted hostility as well as jealousy between the tribes Khazarj and Aws,which has been an important factor in Abu Bakr victory.the second reason was ansar’s passive and defensive position and Abu Bakr’s special personality and arguments particular his citing Hadith Al_aemato men Al_qoraish. Imam Ali(p.b.u.h) and other Bani Hashim elders, involvement with washing and shrouding the propht’s clear body and their absence in made a Abu Bakr victory easier. Another factor influential the Fixation of the Caliphate of Abu Bakr was entering Bani Aslam tribe and their role in taking allegiance to Abu Bakr. Sa’d b Ubada disease and trying to get special allegiance to Abu Bakr by Omar was another factor for the victory of immigrants. Besides Tolaqa’ role in the stabilization of Saqifa achievement and Ansar removed from the political scene needs to be conciderd. In this study, using analytical methods based on first-hand historical sources the main factors affecting the success of immigrants and failure Ansar have been investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - Locating the Last squares battle of Sultan Muhammad Khwarazmshah with the Mongol
hasanreza rafieiThe Final days of the King Mohammed Khwarazmshah were one of the bitterest ends of human life that are hollow and empty shadow power to have happy life. He seeks to create territorial integrity of Iran during Sassanid rule that the local governments who over six centuri MoreThe Final days of the King Mohammed Khwarazmshah were one of the bitterest ends of human life that are hollow and empty shadow power to have happy life. He seeks to create territorial integrity of Iran during Sassanid rule that the local governments who over six centuries after Islam ruled over parts of Iran. Such was the scope of his rule from southern Siberia and Turkestan and China's border and close to the center of the Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad continued. He had the power as the Caliph of Baghdad, the Mongol Genghis falling afraid and willing to communicate with him and a friend were with him. His imprudence effect based on pride and joy, anger Mongol Mongol ordered the killing of sharp businessmen and the country prosperous and noble people of Iran that their goal Sam Stover, a species that everything was destroyed. Its cash reserves and looted, killed children and women of Heram were captured by Mongols and were in the last days of his life until his body to be covered without any coffin. Since his last serious battle with the Mongols in the plains or meadows of DolatabadMalayer occurred. As the owner of this paper, we investigate the causes of the Mongols and locate the last stages of the life of King Mohammed Khwarazmshah including last battle he was in the plains of Malayer. Compiled using descriptive paper based library resources and results analysis method is content analysis. The main research question that this article seeks to answer is the issue is: What is the cause of Mongol invasion to Iran and Where have you been the last battle squares of Sultan Muhammad Khwarazmshah with the armies of the Mongol? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - Relations between Buyid and Egypt
RajabAli VosooghiRelations between Ale Buye and Egypt started from when the tatemcyan’s domination oues Egypt was established. Although in religious associations with each other, these two Shiite states were expected to have ties of fuendship and interacting with each other. Polit MoreRelations between Ale Buye and Egypt started from when the tatemcyan’s domination oues Egypt was established. Although in religious associations with each other, these two Shiite states were expected to have ties of fuendship and interacting with each other. Political materials and interests as well, prevent at form happening. It seems the two sides policies or impe realism and the religion divinities, from the basic point of view had had the major role we creating enmity and hostility towards each other. During these days, one could see the political intrigues and the military front preparations by these two against each other. But, it is noteworthy to mention that each of the two governments pretessed it, opposite side to every other country having had differing views in religion. This is why in spite of political enmity; one would observe peace, friendlyness, dispatching embassies and tetters to each other between them. This is the reason that they had never involved directly or seriously in military conflicts. Taking refuge by some princes of Afe Buyer in Egypt in order to fee from the damage from their competitors in a good recuon tor this claim. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - The Effect of Managers Leadership Style on Employees Creativity (Case study: Metal Industries of Kaveh Industrial City)
Tahmoores Aghajani Behzad ShoghiThis study investigated the impact of managers' leadership style on employee's creativity in Metal Industries in Kaveh Industrial City. The research population included 4700 employees involved in metal industries in Kaveh industrial city out of which 355 people were con MoreThis study investigated the impact of managers' leadership style on employee's creativity in Metal Industries in Kaveh Industrial City. The research population included 4700 employees involved in metal industries in Kaveh industrial city out of which 355 people were considered as sample by using Cochran formula and sampling method of rational random classification. A questionnaire was used for gathering data. Then, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) procedure was for analyzing our conceptual model with SMART PLS 2.0 in the following two sections of SEM: measurement model and structural model. In the first section, technical features of questionnaire were investigated, using index reliability, convergent validity and discriminate validity. In second section, structural coefficients were used to investigate our hypotheses. The results indicated a positive and significant impact of leadership style on employees’ creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Study of Effect Social Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence on Managers' Leadership Style
Syyad Mohsen Allameh Najibeh Abassi RostamiToday many organizations undergoing change. Leadership of an organization to adapt and change in order to survive and grow in new environments, require to specific features that generally managers to respond to them encountered to many problems .the most important featu MoreToday many organizations undergoing change. Leadership of an organization to adapt and change in order to survive and grow in new environments, require to specific features that generally managers to respond to them encountered to many problems .the most important features that can help leaders and managers in response to these changes, emotional intelligence and social intelligence. Due to the importance of this object, in this study, to the effect emotional intelligence and social intelligence on leadership style of management are discussed. To measure emotional intelligence of questionnaire by Schering (1996), to measure social intelligence of questionnaire Sylvra (2001) and to measure the leadership style of the questionnaire MLQ are used. The statistic society includes 140 the managers of Kermanshah Province Governor. Using a statistical formula Cochran 100 individuals were chosen as the sample of the research. Research results showed that social intelligence and emotional intelligence on managers' leadership style have a direct and positive effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - The Patterns of Persian Gardens ‘Design Considering to Attributes of Hot and Arid Desert Climate (BWhs) - Case Studies: Dolatabad and Fin Gardens
Honey FadaieThe desert arid climate (Bwhs) is one of the hottest and driest climatic regions in the world and paying attention to its climatic features in architecture and landscape design can be the effective role in modifying the environmental conditions of this region. Many scho MoreThe desert arid climate (Bwhs) is one of the hottest and driest climatic regions in the world and paying attention to its climatic features in architecture and landscape design can be the effective role in modifying the environmental conditions of this region. Many scholars believe that traditional architecture of Iran has responded to many environmental obstacles for millennia. The Persian garden, as a symbol and paradigm of historical landscape, has had many climatic design strategies in the hot and arid desert land of the Central Plateau of Iran, which include decreasing the temperature, increasing humidity and controlling hot and dusty winds. In the country that contains the large areas of the hot and arid deserts, gardens as the microclimates play the key roles in modifying environmental conditions and meeting the comfort of residents. Utilizing of natural materials, applying the appropriate methods in irrigation and planting systems and using the water and plants in order to create passive cooling strategies in these gardens, the Persian garden has unique features that distinguish it from the gardens of other nations. Climatic criteria in the three main systems of Persian garden design such as, water supply and irrigation, planting and building construction include the respect for the ecosystem and its protection, improving living conditions and optimizing energy consumption. Thus, the use of climatic design strategies in the architecture of natural and built elements of the Persian garden, in landscape and urban green spaces design can create environmental comfort. In order to achieve climatic principles and strategies in architecture and urban design, the present study tries to find the appropriate climatic strategies in landscape design by using the experiences of the Persian garden architecture in hot and arid desert regions to be able to adapt to the current needs of society and create pleasant environment.This paper concentrates to compare the characteristics of Dolatabad and Fin gardens that located in hot and arid desert cities of Yazd and Kashan with the climatic features of these areas. While studying the natural (water and plants) and built (pavilions) elements of these gardens and comparing them with each other, the effects of these patterns on the local climate are analyzed. The main purpose of the present paper is to apply climatic patterns in the design of gardens in hot and arid regions and the hypothesis of this research is as follows:"Climatic characteristics are the effective factors in the creation of Dolatabad and Fin gardens in hot and arid desert climate (BWhs)."The selected research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical, which according to the type of research, study and data collection are the combination of these two qualitative and quantitative methods. In the analysis and inference phase, it is qualitative and the hypothesis of this research is proved through the data of grounded theory retrieved from the data of selected gardens and analyzing them.Data are collected in two parts that included library studies and document analysis of Dolatabad and Fin gardens from the physical aspects. These gardens are selected by sampling method, which are analyzed based on compliance with climatic conditions that are the criteria for measurement in this study. Finally, the design principles of the selected gardens are compared and evaluated comparatively based on climate design strategies in qualitative and quantitative methods.In general, the research is carried out in five main steps as follows:-Climatic characteristics and objectives in hot and arid regions-Climatic strategies in garden design in hot and arid regions.- Criteria and process of sampling and selection of studied gardens- The compliance of selected gardens (Dolatabad and Fin) with climatic conditions of hot and arid desert areas (BWhs).- A Comparative study between selected gardens (Dolatabad and Fin) and climatic design approach in hot and arid desert areas.A comparative study of the characteristics of these gardens with the factors of the local climate and with each other with a climatic approach shows that the design principles of the gardens of Dolatabad and Fin are in accordance with the climatic conditions of hot and arid desert regions (BWhs). The similarities and differences of climates in local scale have led to similarities and differences between these two gardens. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Investigating the impact of technology on improving the quality of construction in residential complexes (Case study: Berelian residential complex, Jannat Abad, Tehran)
Fatemeh Khodadadi Agh Ghal&amp;rsquo;e khosro daneshjooHousing is the most comprehensive applied,and social type of architecture.The quality of housing construction has changed significantly in recent decades due to social changes and technological advances. Technology has been one of the factors of transformation in all as MoreHousing is the most comprehensive applied,and social type of architecture.The quality of housing construction has changed significantly in recent decades due to social changes and technological advances. Technology has been one of the factors of transformation in all aspects of post-modern architecture. Today's technology plays a role beyond the structure in architecture. Nowadays, the industrial supply of materials to increase the speed of implementation and reduce costs seems to be inevitable due to the advancement of technology and building construction as an industrial product. In other words, to produce high-quality and cheap housing, many other traditional methods of construction do not meet the existing needs of society. Thus, improving the quality in the production of materials, design, and implementation methods, speeding up the construction process, competition in the advancement of technology, optimal use of the workforce, and the use of new construction technologies are among the most effective components in this industry. Thus, gaining knowledge and information about new construction technology is an urgent need for engineers in the contemporary decade. The need to use construction technologies varies depending on the growth of each society and the use of technology in other industries, and the implementation capabilities of that society. Nowadays, technology has affected the dimensions of human life, so some experts believe that the world will be conquered by technology soon. Human efforts have always been in line with improving life facilities and utilizing normal, cultural, and social conditions. Thus, this study seeks to examine the role of technology in improving the quality of construction in the Berelian residential complex, Jannat Abad, Tehran. The status of technology in architecture causes various viewpoints. However, meeting the needs of users in architecture undoubtedly requires the mastery and use of technology in its various dimensions. Critics believe that the use of technology alone cannot respond to and fulfill all needs. The impact of technology on time, quality, cost, resource consumption, efficiency, and the ultimate achievement, which is associated with the concepts and goals of sustainable architecture, cannot be ignored in this regard. Modern and advanced technologies play a fundamental role in the development of contemporary urban architecture. In this regard, it is possible to improve the quality of construction based on the three Vitruvian principles of "static" "beauty"and "utility" architecture by using new technologies in the housing construction industry.The present study identified the components of technology affecting the improvement of construction quality in the Berelian residential complex, Jannat Abad, Tehran. It uses a fuzzy approach. It is applied in terms of aim and descriptive and analytical in terms of method. It is also considered a survey (questionnaire). In this study, data were collected using the library method, and some components were extracted through reasoning in the form of a peer-to-peer matching table between the two areas considered in the article by using the views of professors who are familiar with these areas.The analysis was done through the parametric test that compares the means in paired samples with the AHP model. The results revealed that the components of durability and useful life, the ability to control quality, reduce material waste and waste production during construction, ease of maintenance and repair, safety against fire, reduction of on-site construction operationssafety and high speed of construction, mechanization, and flexibility are among the most important components Also visual and functional harmony in the beauty part is a key component in evaluating the quality of housing construction. Given what was stated, materials are one of the significant components affecting the construction of housing Finally among the identified components, ease of maintenance and repairs, durability and useful life visual and functional harmony, and diversity (no restrictions in design) were among the influential components It can be stated that observing the effective components of technology can be useful and effective for improving the defects and reducing possible errors in the quality of construction in the residential complex, and the construction of industrial housing can be institutionalized as a culture in the country.Thus, the policy of development of building industrialization will be one of the effective and facilitating methods to solve the housing problem in Iran. Also, the industrialization of the building will reduce the cost of construction and the cost of buying housing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - Short-Term Forecasting of Wind Farm Power Production Using a Modified Artificial Neural Networks Based Algorithm in Python: A Case Study in Manjil
Hamid Jabari Ardalan Shafiei-Ghazani Farkhondeh JabariThis paper presents a new approach for short-term forecasting of wind farm power generation using artificial neural networks under Python programming language. In this method, weather conditions such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature and air pressure are select MoreThis paper presents a new approach for short-term forecasting of wind farm power generation using artificial neural networks under Python programming language. In this method, weather conditions such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature and air pressure are selected as key features affecting the power production of the wind farm. To achieve a relatively accurate estimate, the root mean squared error of the predicted values is calculated and minimized as the objective function. The speed and accuracy of the proposed algorithm have been evaluated by conducting a case study on a wind farm located in Manjil, Iran. The power production of the wind power plant is predicted for a time horizon of one week and hour by hour using the wind speed, wind direction, temperature and air pressure during 8592 hours (total hours of a year minus hours of a week). The root mean squared error, the highest relative error percentage, the time resolution of the forecasts and the calculation time of the proposed algorithm are compared with other algorithms published in recent years, which shows the effectiveness and high accuracy of the results in a short calculation time. The power production of the wind farm was predicted hour by hour during a week and 168 data points were obtained, the root mean squared error in the optimal scenario is equal to 0.010817. The calculation time of the forecasting algorithm is less than 1 minute, and the maximum relative error in the proposed method is 2.3%, which demonstrates that the uncertainties associated with the power production of the wind farm can be reduced by using this short-term forecasting approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - Effects of Water Deficit and Manure on Yield and Morphological Characters Some of Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica) in Jiroft Area
P. Rahbarian Gh. AfsharmaneshIn this research effect of drought (water deficit) stress and manure on yield and some of the morphological characters of dragonhead was studied. In this study a strip plot pot experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted in greenhouse with MoreIn this research effect of drought (water deficit) stress and manure on yield and some of the morphological characters of dragonhead was studied. In this study a strip plot pot experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted in greenhouse with 15 treatments and 3 replication, in the Islamic Azad University Jiroft Branch in Iran during 2009. Three levels of water stress at 75% Fc (least stress), 50% Fc (moderate stress) and 25% Fc (severe stress) were considered as vertical factor and five manure levels (0 – 10 – 20 – 30 – 40 t/ha) were considered as horizontal factor. Total fresh and dry herb yield, plant height, number of stem, internode length, dry leaf and dry stem weights were measured. The results showed that the effect of water deficit stress on all morphological characters, except inter node length and stem number, were significant (= %5). The effect of manure on all morphological characters, except inter node length, were significant (= %5, = %1). Fresh and dry weights of herb, number of stem, plant height, dry leaf and stem weights decreased by increasing water stress. Water stress, significantly reduced on herb yield from 4868.27 kg/ha to 3348.00. Maximum dry herb yield with 4956kg/ha was due to 75% Fc (least stress) with manure treatment of 40 t/ha. Results of this study showed that by increasing manure level dry herb yield was increased. A significant positively correlation between dry herb yield and fresh herb (r = 0.969), number of stem (r = 0.849), plant height (r = 0.684), dry leaf (r = 0.969), dry stem (r = 0.974) were observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - The Effect of Water Deficit Stress and Foliar Application of Zinc Oxide Nano Particles on Morphophysiological Characteristics of Landraces Withania coagulans L.
Mehdi Seyedi Seyed Amir Abbas Mousavi Mirkalaei Hossein ZahediIn order to evaluate the effect of water deficit stress and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles on morphophysiological characteristics in Withania coagulans L. landraces, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications was setup. MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of water deficit stress and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles on morphophysiological characteristics in Withania coagulans L. landraces, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications was setup. The experiment included various irrigation regimes (control), (medium stress), (severe stress), four landraces (Fanuj, Khash, Saravan and Sarbaz), with and without foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. The experiment was conducted in green house of the faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, during 2018-2019. The highest leaf area (538.92 cm2) was related to Sarbaz in control irrigation and the lowest leaf area (245.88 cm2) was related to Khash in severe water deficit stress. Based on the comparison results, the mean of maximum plant dry weight (1.76 g) was related to Sarbaz and control irrigation and the lowest plant dry weight (0.63 g) was related to Fanuj and severe water deficit stress. Also, the highest amount of chlorophyll a (2.55 μmol.g-1) was related to Khash, control irrigation and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. The highest amount of chlorophyll b (1.26 μmol.g-1) was related to Fanuj, control irrigation and foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles, which was not significantly different from other landraces. Also, the lowest amount of chlorophyll b (0.62 μmol.g-1) was related to Khash, severe water deficit stress and without foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. Sarbaz had the highest amount of anthocyanin (0.3 μmol.g-1) in the treatment of severe water deficit stress and lack of foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles, which was not significantly different from Saravan. Also, the lowest amount of anthocyanin (0.146 μmol.g-1) was related to Fanuj in the treatment of severe water deficit stress with foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles. Severe water deficit stress reduced the amount of traits tested. Also, the Sarbaz showed good tolerance to water deficit stress conditions compared to other landraces. The foliar application of zinc oxide nano particles also improved plant growth and increased some of the tested traits under stress conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - The Effect of Spraying Salicylic Acid and Beta-Aminobutyric Acid on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics and Yield of Dracocephalum moldavica (L.)
Fatemeh Mahsa Karamoozian Gholam Reza Sharifi Sirchi Mona Salimi Aziz Fouman AjirlouIn order to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of salicylic acid and beta-aminobutyric acid on yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica (L.), during cropping year of 2017-2018, in a experiment based on a randomized complete MoreIn order to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of salicylic acid and beta-aminobutyric acid on yield, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Dracocephalum moldavica (L.), during cropping year of 2017-2018, in a experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 4 replications was carried out in Kerman. Foliar spraying was done one month before harvesting with three concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1 mM). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh matter yield, dry matter yield, number of lateral branches, yield of total extract and essential oil were measured. Identification of essential oil components was done by using a gas chromatography (GC) which was connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) by comparing the inhibition indices and mass spectrometry study. According to the results, the effect of both elicitors of salicylic acid and beta aminobutyric acid on plant height, number of leaves, fresh matter yield and dry matter yield were significant at 1% level of probability; But, there was no significant difference in stem diameter and number of lateral branches. The interaction effect of both elicitors on plant height and dry matter yield was significant at 5% and 1% probability levels, respectively. While there was no significant difference on other traits under study. Also, the use of both elicitors increased the total extract and essential oil yields. The highest percentage of main compounds in essential oil was affected under the influence of the amount of 1 mM salicylic acid in absence of beta aminobutyric acid, including 36.8% geranyl acetate, 20.5% geraniol, 19.7% geranial, 14.9% neral and neral acetate 2.9%. In general, the use of salicylic acid was found and beta-aminobutyric acid to increase Dracocephalum moldavica (L.) yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - Effect of Foliar Application of Chitosan and Salicylic Acid on Morphological Traits and Essential Oil Quality of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.)
Negin Safari Kamal Abadi Nasser Mohebalipour Mehdi Oraei Hasan Nourafcan Asad AsadiLemon balm is an aromatic and perennial bushy plant with interesting pharmacological and biological properties, which extensively distributed in the Mediterranean region and Asia. The effects of salicylic acid (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg.L-1) and chitosan (50, 100, 150 and MoreLemon balm is an aromatic and perennial bushy plant with interesting pharmacological and biological properties, which extensively distributed in the Mediterranean region and Asia. The effects of salicylic acid (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg.L-1) and chitosan (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg.L-1) foliar application on plant parameters, essential oil and chemical compositions of lemon balm at two different harvest stages (seedling and flowering) were evaluated. The results showed that the highest values of chlorophyll index obtained from foliar application of 150 and 200 mg/L chitosan. Application of chitosan (all concentration levels except 50 mg.L-1) significantly improved the plant height of lemon balm compared with the control. Leaf and dry weight of aerial parts per plant increased with increasing in salicylic acid and chitosan concentrations. The essential oil compounds of lemon balm (citronellal, caryophyllene, linalool, carvacrol, α-pinene, geraniol) at flowering harvest stage were significantly higher than the seedling harvest stage. Foliar application of chitosan was more effective than salicylic acid in increasing essential oil compounds of lemon balm. The essential oil content ranged between 0.07% and 0.09% in the seedling harvest stage and between 0.30% and 0.52% in the flowering harvest stage. The highest value of essential oil (0.52%) was recorded from the flowering harvest stage with foliar application of 200 mg.L-1 chitosan. The findings of the current study showed that both elicitors possess strong potential in biomass production and enhancement of essential oil compounds in lemon balm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - Evaluation of Morphological Characteristics and Seed Yield of Dragon Head (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) Using Different Levels of Nitrogen and Micronutrient Elements
Esmaeil Abkar Esmaeil Nabizadeh Mohsen Roshdi Saman YazdansetaTo evaluate agronomical characteristics and yield of dragon head by using different levels of nitrogen and microelements (Fe, B, Zn), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Khoy, during 2016 and 2017 gro MoreTo evaluate agronomical characteristics and yield of dragon head by using different levels of nitrogen and microelements (Fe, B, Zn), a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Khoy, during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. The first factor consisted of three levels of recommended nitrogen fertilization (1- before planting, 2- one half before planting+15 days after planting, 3- one third before planting+ one-third one month after planting+ one-third 45 days after planting) and the second factor was the use of microelements with five levels including non-consuming treatments, iron with boron, iron with zinc boron, zinc. Nitrogen consumption resulted in significant effect on stem diameter, 100 seed weight, fresh weight of plant and essential oil yield. According to the results, growth and yield increase were observed using fertilizers. Therefore, the highest plant height was in two stages, the fresh yield of 10805.80 kg.ha-1, in three stages, essential oil percentage of 0.59% and essential oil yield of 16.33 kg.ha-1 in nitrogen application in two stages and iron, boron and was observed. Although the second treatment of nitrogen (half before planting and half after sowing) along with that of boron and zinc micronutrients, the highest percentage of essential oil was 0.59%, but the consumption of other micronutrients also increased the essential oil content. Meanwhile, the highest fresh yield of nitrogen in nitrogen application was obtained at 10805.7 kg.ha-1 during three stages. It can be concluded that in growing dragonhead, nitrogen should be used in several stages and micronutrients usage also improves the quality and quantity of plant yield. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - Evaluating Some Physiological Characteristics of Safflower Cultivars )Carthamus tinctorius L.( Under Water Deficit Stress and Brassionosteroide Application
Mahnaz Zafari Ali Ebadi Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh godehahriz Mohammad SedghiTo evaluate the effects of water deficit stress and growth regulator (Brassinosteroid) on some physiological characteristics cultivars of safflower, an split plot factorial experiment based on randomize complete block design with 3 replications was conducted at the Rese MoreTo evaluate the effects of water deficit stress and growth regulator (Brassinosteroid) on some physiological characteristics cultivars of safflower, an split plot factorial experiment based on randomize complete block design with 3 replications was conducted at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2014. Water stress was in three levels: 80 mm evaporation (normal irrigation); 120 mm evaporation (low water stress); 160 mm evaporation (high water stress) from evaporation pan of class A which were assigned to main plots and three cultivars of safflower (Goldasht, Spiny Sina and Faraman) and two levels of Brassinosteroid, control and 10 -7 mol. in sub plots. The reasults showed that water stress decreased stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, sub-stomatal CO2, water-use efficiency, chlorophyll content index (SPAD), seed yield, leaf soluble protein and transpiration rate. The results also showed that use of brassinosteriod, increased photosynthetic parameters and reduced transpiration. Irrigation at evaporation of 80 mm from pan, resulted in the maximom amount of transpiration and stomatal conductance to the Faraman cultivar, sub-stomatal CO2 to Sina spiny cultivar and chlorophyll content index (SPAD) to Goldasht cultivar. Irrigation at 120 mm evaporation from class A pan resulted in the maximum amount of transpiration and stomatal conductance to Goldasht cultivar, while the highest sub-stomatal CO2, belonged to Sina spiny. Irrigation at 160 mm evaporation from class A pan resulted in the maximum amount of transpiration, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content index (SPAD) and the sub-stomatal CO2 to Goldasht cultivar. It seems that Goldasht cultivar under both mild and severe drought stresses tolerates drought better than the other two cultivars in Ardabil rigion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - The Function of Sexual Issues in Mutual Relations of Couples in AhwazCity, Iran
Ali Ismaeli Abdolrahim Asadollahi Mahmood BaratvandThis article studies the significant relation and the function of sexual intercourse within marital relation of couples on 2015. The theoretical frames are functionalism and its varieties such as malfunction and well-function for sexual intercourse variable and Eric Ber MoreThis article studies the significant relation and the function of sexual intercourse within marital relation of couples on 2015. The theoretical frames are functionalism and its varieties such as malfunction and well-function for sexual intercourse variable and Eric Berne’s theory (1964) as transactional relationships for marital relation variable of couples. Population of the study was male and female who had gone to family courts, sheriffs and other organizations. The samples were selected by random sampling method as 35 couples. Secondary variables such as age, literacy, job and divorce have been tested with the main variables of study. The results have shown that there are high significant relation between sexual intercourse actions and transactional relation of couples. The interventional variables such as age have a positive effect and divorce a negative effect on the main variables of study. In any case, the variables of age and literacy have effected on reinforcement of complementary transaction of couples and on the suitable pleasure of their sexual intercourse. The job has no significant relation with the main sexual intercourse and closed transaction of parental-children personality of couples. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - A survey of social factors related to religious and political socialization of high school Students in Pars Abad
Rahimeh Gale Mahmood ElmiSocialization is a process of social interaction in which the individuallearns about the norms, values, and other social, cultural, and politicalelements within the group or environment around him, internalizing andunifying him with his personality. The purpose of this MoreSocialization is a process of social interaction in which the individuallearns about the norms, values, and other social, cultural, and politicalelements within the group or environment around him, internalizing andunifying him with his personality. The purpose of this study was todetermine the social factors related to religious and political socializationof high school students in Pars Abad. The research method wasdescriptive survey and in terms of purpose, it is applied. The statisticalpopulation of the study was all the first and second high school studentsof Pars Abad in the academic year 1398-1989 with a total of 10446students. The sample size was 313 according to Cochran method.Statistical sample of schools was selected by proportional stratifiedsampling. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whoseface validity was confirmed by face validity and reliability of the tool wasestimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that,there is a significant relationship between social factors related toreligious and political socialization of high school male and femalestudents in Pars Abad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - The Discourse of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Area of Security with an Emphasis on the Component of “National Unity among the Islamic Schools of Thought”
keyvan heidarnejad babak pourghahramani jamal BeygiThe current study, which is descriptive and has been conducted according to the analytical-descriptive methodology, attempts to explain the discourse of the Iran in the area of security with a focus on the major and important component of “national unity among the MoreThe current study, which is descriptive and has been conducted according to the analytical-descriptive methodology, attempts to explain the discourse of the Iran in the area of security with a focus on the major and important component of “national unity among the Islamic schools of thought”. In this discourse, the component of “national unity among the Islamic schools of thought” has a significant importance and status and whether it can be fulfilled or not can have positive and negative consequences, respectively. First, according to the law, all the Islamic schools of thought are supporte Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - تأثیر سطوح مختلف یادگیری در تستهای چهار گزینه ای و تشریحی بر یادداری زود هنگام و دیر هنگام
مهناز سعیدی مریم سلیمانیاین مقاله به بررسی سطوح مختلف یادگیری که عبارتند از یادآوری اطلاعات ویژه ((RI، یادآوری اطلاعات کلی (RG) و تعمیم دادن اطلاعات آموخته شده در موقعیتهای جدید (UG) در آزمون چهار گزینه ای و تشریحی می پردازد. در این تحقیق 300 دانش آموز پیس متوسطه شرکت کرده اند. یک متن خو Moreاین مقاله به بررسی سطوح مختلف یادگیری که عبارتند از یادآوری اطلاعات ویژه ((RI، یادآوری اطلاعات کلی (RG) و تعمیم دادن اطلاعات آموخته شده در موقعیتهای جدید (UG) در آزمون چهار گزینه ای و تشریحی می پردازد. در این تحقیق 300 دانش آموز پیس متوسطه شرکت کرده اند. یک متن خواندن بهمراه سوالات چهار گزینه ای و تشریحی به منظور تعیین میزان یاد داری زود هنگام و دیر هنگام به دانش آموزان داده شد. نتایج نشان داد که برای یاد داری زود هنگام سوالات چهار گزینه ای در سطح (IR) و برای یادداری دیر هنگام سوالات تشریحی در سطح (RG) مفید میباشند. بنابراین فواید تستها علاوه بر نقش ارزیابی میتواند بعنوان کمک به یادداری درسطوح مختلف مورد نظر قرار گیرد. کلیدواژهها: تستهای چهار گزینه ای، تستهای تشریحی، اطلاعات ویژه ((RI، یادآوری اطلاعات کلی (RG) و تعمیم دادن اطلاعات آموخته شده در موقعیتهای جدید (UG) ندارد. این مسئله امری است مهم که باید در تحقیق و تدریس زبان خارجه مد نظر قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - To Study the Legitimacy of Children’s Worship From the Viewpoint of Imamieh Jurisprudence
Mohammad Mohammadzadeh Rahni Hassan FaridiTo study the legitimacy of children’s worship is one of the important question in judicial discussions and the supreme jurists declared different opinions about it. Since the children are like a fertile land which correct trainings cause their felicity and incorre MoreTo study the legitimacy of children’s worship is one of the important question in judicial discussions and the supreme jurists declared different opinions about it. Since the children are like a fertile land which correct trainings cause their felicity and incorrect cultivations cause their misfortune, thus it is necessary that the parents with respect to religious teachings be attentive to their training. One of religious teaching for the children is to introduce and incite them to worship (especially to pray). Evidently the answer to this question whether these worships are legitimate or not has effective influence in motivation of the child to perform worships. Also it is effective in showing the proper judicial feature of this problem. In this article we have proved that the children’s prayers are legal by indicating some reasons. Hence, the necessity of the worship has been removed of the children until the maturity age but its legitimacy has remained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
462 - Evaluation of aflatoxin content in pistachio, almond, hazelnut and walnut in Isfahan
Z. Shakeri E. Rahimi A. ShakerianAflatoxins are a group of closely related carcinogenic metabolites produced by certain species of Aspergillus. The objective of this study was to detect the level of aflatoxin in nuts. A total of 80 samples of nuts including, pistachio (20), almond (20), hazelnut (20) a MoreAflatoxins are a group of closely related carcinogenic metabolites produced by certain species of Aspergillus. The objective of this study was to detect the level of aflatoxin in nuts. A total of 80 samples of nuts including, pistachio (20), almond (20), hazelnut (20) and walnut (20) were collected and were analyzed (using HPLC) for aflatoxin B and aflatoxin G in Isfahan during 2016. The aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and total aflatoxin were found in 2.5%, 5.5%, 5.7%, 7.2%, and 10% of the analyzed sample (by an average concentration of 8.32, 5.635, 3.067, 1.705 and 10.375 ppb), respectively. The concentration of AFB1 in 66.67% and the concentration of AFT in 37.5% from positive samples were higher than the approved limit (5 ppm) of Iranian National Standard. The percentage of pistachio AF-positive nuts was significantly (p < 0.05) more than other analyzed nuts (almond, hazelnut, and walnut). The results showed that contamination of nuts in Isfahan (especially pistachio) to aflatoxins was not satisfactory and can adversely affect the consumer's health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
463 - Contamination rate of Brucella in raw sheep milk and the effects of cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus on its biofilm production
M. Parandakhteh M. Neyriz NaghadehiBrucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic bacterial diseases in humans and vertebrate animals. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their production compounds have been proposed as potential biocontrol agents in biofilm formation. The present research aimed to determi MoreBrucellosis is one of the most important zoonotic bacterial diseases in humans and vertebrate animals. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their production compounds have been proposed as potential biocontrol agents in biofilm formation. The present research aimed to determine the effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) from Lactobacillus acidophilus on the biofilm production of Brucella isolates from raw sheep milk of Mahabad city (Iran). In this study, 100 sheep milk samples were randomly collected from different urban and rural areas of Mahabad. To isolate Brucella, the samples were cultured in Brucella broth and then streaked on Brucella agar with the selective supplement, and to identify the species of Brucella, related metabolic tests were performed. The biofilm production capability of the isolates, as well as the antibiofilm activity of the CFS, were evaluated by the microplate assay method. The results showed that out of 100 milk samples, 3 samples (3%) are contaminated with Brucella melitensis. Also, all three isolates were biofilm-formers. Two isolates were recognized as moderate and one isolate as a strong biofilm-former. Different concentrations of CFS reduced the biofilm production of isolates significantly (P˂ 0.01). Also, the concentration of 10% of CSF showed the highest antibiofilm activity. From the findings, it can be concluded that Brucella contamination in raw sheep milk in the Mahabad region is relatively high. There is a need for a full performance of Brucellosis screening and vaccination programs in livestock herds of the region. It can also be concluded that the CFS of L. acidophilus can remove Brucella biofilm. Therefore, L. acidophilus CFS as an antibiofilm compound can be proposed to control the growth of Brucella. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
464 - Determination of sulfur dioxide residue and some physiochemical properties of raisins varieties produced in Khorasane-Razavi province
معصومه Mehraban Sangatash زهره Mahmoodi هاشم Poorazarang A.S Vosough یاسین Nozary avalIn this study, 62 raisin samples including Golden, Green, Teifi and Poloei varieties were purchased from Kashmar, Khalilabad, Bardaskan, Quchan and Shirvan citiy of Khorasan-Razavi province. The sulfur dioxide residue, moisture content, water activity, pH values and tot MoreIn this study, 62 raisin samples including Golden, Green, Teifi and Poloei varieties were purchased from Kashmar, Khalilabad, Bardaskan, Quchan and Shirvan citiy of Khorasan-Razavi province. The sulfur dioxide residue, moisture content, water activity, pH values and total titratable acidity were determined in the samples. According to results, the mean quantity of sulfite residue of Teifi samples of Kashmar, Bardaskan and Khalilabad were 932, 1884 and 2230 mg/kg, respectively. These data for Green variety of the same cities was 1176, 1009 and 658 mg/kg, and for Golden variety were 1226, 2076 and 2484 mg/kg, respectively. In Quchan and Shirvan areas, the mean quantity of sulfite residue of Poloei variety was 1070 and 186 mg/kg, respectively. Among different raisin varieties, the samples collected from Kashmar, Bardaskan and Khalilabad, the Golden samples contained the highest amount of sulfite-residue; moreover, the amount of sulfite-residue in Shirvan’s Poloei sample was higher than Quchan’s. Shirvan Poloei variety showed the lowest pH (3.70) meanwhile, Guchan Poloei variety had the highest (4.05) pH. Golden variety of Khalilabad and Poloei variety of Shirvan had the highest (1.56%) and the lowest (0.8%) acidity, respectively. The highest (12.31%) and lowest (9.66%) moisture content was found in Golden and Teifi varieties of Kashmar, respectively. The highest (0.44) and lowest (0.40) aw value was observed in Poloei variety of Guchan and Teifi variety of Bardaskan. Considering the raisins characteristics, most of the samples were not in accordance with the national/codex standard due to the traditional method of production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
465 - Health assessment of Arsenic and Zinc in rice cultivated in Fars province (Case Study: Firoozabad fields)
مهرداد Cheraghi زهرا Afshari Bahmanbeigloo اصغر Seif Food security along with the protection of environment has become a global issue.Accumulation of Arsenic and Zinc in rice is considered as a major problem for South-East Asia, where rice is a staple food. Given that, rice is considered as the highly consume More Food security along with the protection of environment has become a global issue.Accumulation of Arsenic and Zinc in rice is considered as a major problem for South-East Asia, where rice is a staple food. Given that, rice is considered as the highly consumed food in the diet of Iranian people, this study was conducted to estimate the concentrations of Zinc and Arsenic in rice cultivated in Firoozabad fields. For this purpose, 38 rice samples were collected from 22 nearby villages. Samples were digested by Digesdahl device and the concentrations of Arsenic and Zinc were determined by ICP. The results showed that the concentration (mean ± SD) of Zinc was 20.87 ± 1.9 mg/kg of dry matter (ranged from 25.26 to 32.97); meanwhile mean value of Arsenic concentration was estimated at 22.89 ± 2.2 mg/kg of dry matter (ranged from 17.61 to 26.77).Comparing the concentrations of Arsenic and Zinc in rice samples with the standard limit set by WHO/FAO it was revealed that Arsenic concentrations in 100% of the samples were higher than standard level, whereas Zinc concentrations in 97.36% of the samples were below the limit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - Investigating serumic levels of antibodies against Mycobacterium avium supspecies paratuberculosis using the ELISA method in Holstein dairy cattle
yavar heydarzadeh Asiabi Behboud Jafari Ali hassanpourParatuberculosis (Johne’s disease) is achronic bacterial infection of ruminants causing body wasting due to severe and protracted diarrhea. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of infection to Johne’s disease in cattle of Moghan agro-busi MoreParatuberculosis (Johne’s disease) is achronic bacterial infection of ruminants causing body wasting due to severe and protracted diarrhea. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of infection to Johne’s disease in cattle of Moghan agro-business and animal husbandry complex by detecting antibody titers against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) using the absorptive ELISA method. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 738 randomly selected milking cattle of Moghan agro-business and animal husbandry complex and their sera were assessed by ELISA method. The results indicated that 58 cattle had antibody titers against MAP with S/P percentage over 60% (infection rate of 7.86%) of which 25 cattle were positive (with S/P percentage over 70%) and 33 were suspicious (with S/P percentage between 60-70%). Because Johne’s disease is manifested as a subclinical disease and infected cattle seem to be apparently healthy, bacteria are shed through faeces and body secretions causing infection of the rest of the herd. Thus performing periodic herd screening tests and testing recently introduced animals alongside other preventive measures is strictly advised. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in rural herd and guard dogs of Mahabad region
Ali Hayatrouhi Mohammad SadaghianThe genera Cryptosporidium and Giardia are among the most common protozoal parasites causing small intestinal abnormalities of dogs. In this study, 200 fecal samples of herd and guard dogs were collected randomly from different rural areas around Mahabad city and MoreThe genera Cryptosporidium and Giardia are among the most common protozoal parasites causing small intestinal abnormalities of dogs. In this study, 200 fecal samples of herd and guard dogs were collected randomly from different rural areas around Mahabad city and referred to the laboratory after stabilization with formalin and polyvinyl alcohol solutions. Samples were microscopically studied using concentration method followed by the Trichrome-Gumurian and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. In general, 9 (4.5%) and 31 (15.5%) of the studied dogs were infected with Cryptosporidium and Giardia respectively. The highest incidence of cryptosporidium was observed in dogs less than 6 months (10.43%) and the lowest incidence was in the age group more than 4 years (1.54%). The highest levels of Giardia infection were found in the 6-12 months age group (25%) and the lowest in the 1-4 years age group (8.62%). The prevalence of infection with cryptosporidium and giardia in male dogs was 4.67% and 14.95%, respectively, and 4.30% and 16.13% in female dogs, respectively. The prevalence of both protozoa in male and female dogs as well as in different age groups was not statistically significant. There were no significant relation between age and gender with prevalence of both parasites. However, the level of infection with both Cryptosporidium and Giardia protozoa in dogs with inappropriate sanitation was higher than those with proper sanitary status, but this difference was not statistically significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
468 - Evaluation of polyclonal antibody production level against Listeria monocytogenes in animal model
Yasin Bagheri Mansour Khakpour Hamid Zihag Alireza BaratiListeria monocytogenes is a short, gram-positive, spore-free bacillus and facultative intracellular parasite, which is transmitted through contaminated vegetables, milk, cheese and meat to humans. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) obtained from the egg yolk of immunized hens is a MoreListeria monocytogenes is a short, gram-positive, spore-free bacillus and facultative intracellular parasite, which is transmitted through contaminated vegetables, milk, cheese and meat to humans. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) obtained from the egg yolk of immunized hens is a great and cheap source of polyclonal antibodies. These antibodies can be an appropriate replacement for antibodies produced in other laboratory animals. In recent years, IgY has been used widely in medical research for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. In current study, 12 Hy- line laying hens were divided into 2 groups of control (2 hens) and treatment (10 hens) and the treatment group was immunized by triple injection of Listeria monocytogenes antigens once a week. Then, after collecting the eggs and measuring total protein and yolk globulins at weeks 9,10 and 11 after the first injection, it was observed that there was no significant difference in both parameters at 9 and 10 weeks, while they showed a significant difference compared to the control group (p < /em><0.05). However, the amount of globulin and total protein of yolk in the eleventh week was significantly reduced although no significant difference was observed with the controls. Accordingly, it could be concluded that immunization of hens by antigens prepared from Listeria monocytogenes resulted in increased yolk globulin levels in the ninth and tenth weeks after injection therefore egg yolk can be used as a source for producing polyclonal antibodies against Listeria monocytogenes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
469 - Serological survey of Influenza A virus infection in horses of some districts of Mahabad city by ELISA method
Armin Attari Arash Araghi-SoorehAbstract Equine influenza is an acute, infectious, and highly contagious respiratory disease that is worldwide. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of influenza A virus infection in horses of Mahabad city by competitive ELISA methods. In this study, 200 MoreAbstract Equine influenza is an acute, infectious, and highly contagious respiratory disease that is worldwide. This study was aimed to determine the seroprevalence of influenza A virus infection in horses of Mahabad city by competitive ELISA methods. In this study, 200 serum samples were collected from horses in Beytas, Hamzeh abad, Lekben, Kovtar and Dehboker villages located in Mahabad city and then examined by competitive ELISA method. The prevalence of antibodies against the influenza A virus in the study population was 6% )with 95% confidence interval: 2.16-8.7%(. Chi-square test showed no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of positive serum cases of influenza A and the sex of horses )P = 0.354> 0.05(. Horse breeds in the study population included Kurdish, Pony, Working and Arabian horses with 7.6%, 0%, 7.7% and 3.2% positive serum frequency, respectively. Data analysis showed There is no significant difference between the frequency of positive serum cases of influenza A virus and the studied breeds )P = 0.402> 0.05(. This study showed that the serum prevalence of influenza A in the study population is very low. This study is also the first report on the exposure of horses in Mahabad city to the Influenza A virus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - Evaluation of the presence of anti zona pellucida Antibodies is the serum of repeat breeder Holstein dairy cattle
amirali kaveh hossein nikniyaz This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of anti zona pellucida antibodies in the serum of repeat breeder Holstein cows in Third station Dairy Cattle Husbandry Agro Industry in Moghan. The study was conducted on 168 non-pregnant cows wi More This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of anti zona pellucida antibodies in the serum of repeat breeder Holstein cows in Third station Dairy Cattle Husbandry Agro Industry in Moghan. The study was conducted on 168 non-pregnant cows with a history of Repeat breeder. Animals were selected in two age groups ¸ more than three times calving or less. Ten ml of blood were obtained from Animals from the jugular vein and serum was separated. The presence of anti-ZP antibodies in animal sera were tested by commercial test kits for ELISA (Bioserve Diagnostic, Zona pellucida antibody ELISA, BS-20-20, Germany). From a total of 168 tested animals, 13 animals tested positive (7.74%) and 155 animals were negative (92.26%). Five of 109 cattle with less than three calving were positive and 8 of 59 animals with more than three calving were positive. The results showed highly significant differences between the two groups (Z=2/07) and this means that increasing age has a significant effect on the rate of appearance of anti zona pellucida antibodies in the serum of these animals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
471 - The Effectiveness of Vocational Empowerment Based on Multiaxial Pattern of Vocational Choice (SMPVC) on Improvement of Job Engagement Among Female Heads of Families in Tehran
abdollah Shafiabady aref mohammadi Azam Fatahi AndabilThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Vocational empowerment based on Shafiabady's multi-axial pattern of Vocational Choice (SMPVC) on Job Engagement among Female Heads of Families in Tehran. This quasi-experimental study was performed as a pr MoreThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Vocational empowerment based on Shafiabady's multi-axial pattern of Vocational Choice (SMPVC) on Job Engagement among Female Heads of Families in Tehran. This quasi-experimental study was performed as a pretest-posttest experiment with the control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women heads of families in Tehran in 2019, and 30 people were determined as the sample size. Of these, 15 were selected in the experimental group and 15 in the control group by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to the groups. Research tool included the Otrich Work Engagement Scale (Schoffley et al., 2002). A multivariate covariance test was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of job Engagement of the experimental group in the pre-test and post-test stages. Therefore, based on the findings, it can be concluded that the vocational empowerment training package based on Shafi'abadi's multi-axis model is effective in job Engagement (and subscales include passion for work, dedication to work, and absorption in work) of Female Heads of Families in Tehran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - The relationship between transformational, transactional and laissez– faire leadership with high schools manager's conflict management in Esfahan.
Fariba Karimi Lida SheshpariThe purpose of the current research was to consider the relationship between leadership styles with high schools manager's conflict management in Esfahan in 2010-2011. The research method was descriptive correlation. The statistical population was 141 people. The method MoreThe purpose of the current research was to consider the relationship between leadership styles with high schools manager's conflict management in Esfahan in 2010-2011. The research method was descriptive correlation. The statistical population was 141 people. The method of sampling was simple random sampling. Using the Morgan's table the sample size was 102 people. Two standard Bass & Avolio leadership styles questionnaires Putnam and Wilson's conflict management questionnaire were use. Face and content validity questionnaires were confirmed by experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was of the calculated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were respectively 0.84 and 0.85. The descriptive statistic and inferential statistic (Pearson's correlation Pearson's, step by step regression and t with two independent groups) were used data analysis. The results of research showed that correlation coefficient was meaningful between transformational and transactional leadership style with solution– oriented strategy. laissez– faire leadership style with control and non– intervention strategy .But it wasn't observed a meaningful relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles and control and non– intervention strategy, laissez– faire leadership style with solution– oriented strategy. The results also showed that transformational and Transactional leadership styles have been meaningful in terms of sex but there wasn't a meaningful difference in education between groups. Meaningful difference wasn't observed in terms of sex and education in laissez– faire leadership style between groups. In addition, the results showed that there was meaningful difference in terms of sex in control strategy between groups but it wasn't observed meaningful difference in terms of sex and education in non – intervention and solution oriented strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - The study of simple and multiple relationships between emotional intelligence and the styles of leadership (Transformational, transactional and laissez-faire styles)
Naghi Radi Afsouran Abdillah Parsa Mahboubeh Mohammad Shaeiea Maryam DhdashtiIn the present descriptive (correlational) study, the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership styles, namely, transformation, transactional and laissez – fair styles were examined among 320 graduate students of Shahid Chamran University, who wer MoreIn the present descriptive (correlational) study, the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership styles, namely, transformation, transactional and laissez – fair styles were examined among 320 graduate students of Shahid Chamran University, who were selected by categorial random sampling. The data was gathered through two questionnaires: a 36-item multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) and a 33- item emotional intelligence questionnaire (EIQ). The reliability of the MLQ and EIQ questionnaires were 83% and 56% respectively. The main results indicated that emotional intelligence had a significant negative significant correlation with transformational style and a significant positive correlation with laissez-faire style. This variable did not have any significant correlation with transactional style. Among five dimenshions of emotional intelligence, the dimensions of self-regulation and motivation had significant effects on transformational style. These two dimenshions and the dimension of empathy also had significant effects on laissez-faire style, but only motivation had a significant effect on transactional style of leadership. In this study, the researchers found that the mean scores for affective intelligence and laissez-faire leadership style of the students were lower than average, but the mean scores for transformational and transactional leadership styles of the students were higher than average. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - A Survey on the Impact of HPWS on Labor Productivity in Service SMEs: Mediating Role of Social Capital and Knowledge Exchange and Combination
Iman Hakimi Morteza Moradi Abbas ShoulThe present study aimed at opening up the black box on how high-performance work systems affect labor productivity by investigating the mediating role of social capital and knowledge exchange and combination. The statistical population consisted of managers and employee MoreThe present study aimed at opening up the black box on how high-performance work systems affect labor productivity by investigating the mediating role of social capital and knowledge exchange and combination. The statistical population consisted of managers and employees of professional services companies in Tehran metropolis in 2018. To collect the data, 800 standard questionnaires were distributed directly or via email among the sample who were recruited through random sampling, out of which 461 completed questionnaires (57.6%) were received. After confirming the validity and reliability of the collected data, the research hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling using SPSS and SmartPLS2 softwares. The findings show that a high-performance work system has a positive effect on labor productivity. In addition, the mediating roles of social capital (with the impact intensity of 0.48) and knowledge exchange (with the impact intensity of 0.22) in the relationship between high performance work systems and labor productivity were confirmed. It can also be argued that social capital has a positive and significant effect on the development of the process capabilities of knowledge exchange and combination in the organizations studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - Analyzing physical stability of urban housing with Sustainable Development Approach; the case of Islam Abad, Zanjan
Jila Sajadi Asghar Teymoori Hossein TahmasbimoghadamThe dwellings is one of the crucial requirements for human survive and development. In other words, Sustainable, stable and secure housing is fundamental need of every people. However, providing and accessibility of stable housing has faced with many issues due to lack MoreThe dwellings is one of the crucial requirements for human survive and development. In other words, Sustainable, stable and secure housing is fundamental need of every people. However, providing and accessibility of stable housing has faced with many issues due to lack of financing, poor management and low capacity, particularly in developing countries. Such issues along with rapid growth of informal settlement, low quality of buildings and vulnerability against natural disasters has led to necessity of addressing to housing issues. Accordingly, this paper analysis physical structure of housing in Islam Abad, Zanjan from sustainable development perspectives. The research method is descriptive-analytical and AHP technique and ArcGIS has been used. Data collection was based on field study and documentary. The findings revealed that Islam Abad neighborhood has fenced many challenge and problems such as incompatible land uses, low quality of buildings, using unstable materials, and small size parcels. In fact, physical structure of housing is not sustainable and more than 58 percent of dwellings are not stable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - Strategic planning of rural tourism development (Case Study: Khaw and myrabad region)
Sooran Manoochehri Hossein Farahanidevelopment of tourism as activity with a number of different communication complexity need to adopt a plan that is comprehensive and at the same time realistic future and ensure future supply needs of the beneficiaries n this regard the research present applied the inf Moredevelopment of tourism as activity with a number of different communication complexity need to adopt a plan that is comprehensive and at the same time realistic future and ensure future supply needs of the beneficiaries n this regard the research present applied the information collected in also a descriptive – analytical and data collection was based on the theoretical using the resources and distribution of documents and the practical part of the interview questionnaire. among the 100 tourists, 30 officers and 261 local people, the a technique of strategic planning and efficient tool swat to provide a written plan and strategy to the dynamics and the favorable development of tourism in rural areas of the khaw and myrabad used. as a result of this recognition of the current situation far from review order to develop applications mental development of tourism among the rural area. choose among the local population sample using cochran formula, group of tourists in the first two months of the year to visit the number of all directors and officers, with all agencies involved in rural development and tourism region. the results of the swot analysis in the strategic planning process also showed that the competitive strategies and among them the development of the business tourism due to the placement of the international border and active markets and the customs have the executive priorities. in this regard the future prospects of tourism development in the region and schedules for the the implementation of these strategies were formulated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - Assessing and formulating strategies for resilience to withstand disasters in old urban area in Faizabad‘s neighborhood in Kermanshah
bahareh moazami mahmoud rahimiAbstract Resilience in the face of crisis, one of the most important theoretical and applied concepts in crisis management in recent years. This concept is widely used in the community is resilient. Resiliency is a way to strengthen the capacity of communities using it MoreAbstract Resilience in the face of crisis, one of the most important theoretical and applied concepts in crisis management in recent years. This concept is widely used in the community is resilient. Resiliency is a way to strengthen the capacity of communities using it arises and definitions, approaches, indicators and evaluation models different about it is formed. The range studied in this research is Kermanshah Faizabad Neighborhood. Research method for descriptive- analytical and research the nature of, is applied with the aim of resilient to old texture Neighborhood Faizabad and finally formulate and prioritization strategies in this Neighborhood has been done. To achieve this goal, the experts and residents of the neighborhood were used. SWOT model to formulate policies and strategies for Prioritization QSPM model we used. The results suggest that neighborhoods defensive position and in an intermediate situation. In the final stage of the development of strategies to prioritize them, and that the results of this section indicates that the most important strategy, develop a strategic plan or direct the social forces affecting the rules for organizing textures and retrofit programs and improve safety in the face of environmental disaster is artificial and at the end of the resilient Faizabad neighborhood proposals presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - Survey of Comparative of Psychological Capital Situation of Rural Areas in Term of Tourism, Case Study, Ardabil County.
Vakil Heidari SarebanTourism is the temporary short-term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work, and activities during their stay at these destinations; it includes movement for all purposes, as well as day visits or excursions. The purpose o MoreTourism is the temporary short-term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work, and activities during their stay at these destinations; it includes movement for all purposes, as well as day visits or excursions. The purpose of this essay is survey of comparative of psychological capital of rural areas in term of tourism in Ardabil County. This survey is functional type and its analytical-explanatory. The population of this study is over 269 persons were selected by multistage random sampling, and the tool is researcher's questionnaire. Formal validity of questionnaire was proven by expert panels. A survey with the same population with 30 questionnaires was held, and a finding by the use of Cronbach alpha formula in the SPSS software obtained stability was 0.79. Study results from t test regarding the Psychological Capital and tourism development of the two group show that there is no significant relation between the variable of hope independent variable (tourism development). But there is significant relation between the variable of self-efficacy, optimism, resiliency and self-confidence and the independent variable (tourism development). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - The Globalization, space and changes of expenditure culture with an emphasis on Land uses changes (Case study: Sa'aadat Abaad district, region 2 of Tehran)
Jila Sajadi Parviz Aghaei Kobra MoradiThe changes of expenditure pattern have caused change of land application (from the traditional form to the modern form) and many problems. Consequently this study has been conducted in Sa'aadat Abaad quarter in district 2 of Tehran city hall in order to investigate eff MoreThe changes of expenditure pattern have caused change of land application (from the traditional form to the modern form) and many problems. Consequently this study has been conducted in Sa'aadat Abaad quarter in district 2 of Tehran city hall in order to investigate effective factors in the changes of expenditure pattern. The volume of statistical community is 30 thousand people among whom 380 improbable sample have been chosen by Cochran formula. The study is conducted by descriptive-analytic research method and has a practical-applicable goal. The data and information have been gathered in both ways of desk study and field study. Data analyses have been done by inferential test, Pearson and Regression inferential, in addition to quantitative and descriptive subjects. The research results indicate that the first prior application ( retailers, bakeries, supermarkets, and ...) have owned the least share of 9.16 % in 1393 while the fourth prior application and unnecessary applications ( pizza places, coffee shops,...) have enhanced their share by 48% from 1385 and the previous years. The globalization variables have affected the expenditure pattern as the highest correlation index of traveling abroad and using new applications of 0,527 can be observed. It means that as much as the globalization penetrates the society's culture, their expenditure pattern will change. In addition to the globalization variables, aging, education, economical condition of the residents and the income enhancement of these applications are also effective which will pave the way for using modern applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Express of the Physical –Functional Components of Life Quality using FA Method (case study: Hemmat Abad, Isfahan)
شیما صراف نیا Zahra Sadat Saeideh zarabadiToday, urban planning is a comprehensive issue that in its right way, addresses to improve the quality of life for citizens in the form of a dynamic and powerful process and to achieve this, improvement of citizens life quality is one of the requirements in all planning MoreToday, urban planning is a comprehensive issue that in its right way, addresses to improve the quality of life for citizens in the form of a dynamic and powerful process and to achieve this, improvement of citizens life quality is one of the requirements in all planning dimensions. According to importance of this issue, present study is carried out with the aim of improving life quality in Hemmat Abad of Isfahan with emphasizing effective physical-functional components. Therefore, in the research, basic and main aim is to improve urban life quality of citizens of Hemmat Abab. Research method is developmental-applied and data type is qualitative and quantitative mix. Data gathering was done using survey and documental studies and factor analysis was used for analyzing data. Results of this research indicate that inappropriate distribution of applications leads to different life quality in neighborhood blocks. Also, old texture of the neighborhood has reduced life quality in the neighborhood that satisfaction level of residents of their life quality is low. Finally, some solutions are also introduced for improving lie quality in the neighborhood to be useful evaluation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - Analysis of the concepts of environmental ethics and culture Case Study: Islamabad Gharb City
Saeed Maleki safieh damanbaghCulture and environmental ethics are human ideal behavior towards their living environment Including the natural, social and culture environment. Islamabad Gharb City also faces numerous environmental problems. Some of them is due to the lack of environmental culture an MoreCulture and environmental ethics are human ideal behavior towards their living environment Including the natural, social and culture environment. Islamabad Gharb City also faces numerous environmental problems. Some of them is due to the lack of environmental culture and ethics of the citizens of the city. According to this is necessary analysis of the concepts of culture and environmental ethics from the perspective of citizens. The purpose of this study is Practical. Analytical research method is the descriptive-analysis. Information and data needed were collected in two ways documenting and survey. The Statistical Society are residents of Islamabad Gharb and the sample size are 322 residents of this city based on Cochran's formula. SPSS software is used to analyze the information obtained. Research findings show that there is direct and significant linear relationship between components environmental attitude and environmental value with the component of environmental behavior of citizens. As well as between environmental knowledge and environmental behavior of citizens direct and insignificant linear relationship but no significant relationship between the two components can be search the mediator variables. As well as to identify and awareness of the impact research components on environmental protection used the regression model. Based on the results of this test all components are also significant and improving their status affects in optimal protection of the environment. In the following some suggestions are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - Site selection of wind power plants using AHP and Vikor decision making methods in geographic information system (GIS) (Case study: Fars Province)
SEYED VAHID RAZAVI TERMEH Fereshteh shanbehpoorThe use of wind power plants is considered as one of the most important ways of generating electricity using renewable energies. The environmental impact of the environment is low compared to other methods and the potential for extensive exploitation, including the bene MoreThe use of wind power plants is considered as one of the most important ways of generating electricity using renewable energies. The environmental impact of the environment is low compared to other methods and the potential for extensive exploitation, including the benefits of using wind energy in electricity production. In this regard, it is necessary to find the optimal location for deploying equipment and facilities to exploit existing and potential potentials. The purpose of this research is wind power plants site selection in Fars province using AHP and ranking the spatial options using the Vikor method. In this study, we tried to prioritize the location of wind power plants based on effective technical, environmental and socioeconomic measures using the AHP decision making model. At first, the required data were collected and prepared in the GIS environment. Then, using AHP method, the two criteria were compared and then weighted, and finally, using the Vikor method, the priority was drawn between the final locations. The results of this research show that among the criteria in the research, the technical criteria (wind speed, wind stability and wind density) are more important and have a higher weight (0.731), and the wind speed 0.594) is the most important factor. The results of the Vikor model showed that the northern and eastern regions of the Fars province have a good potential for wind energy. Abadeh, Eqlid and Neyriz are the right places to build a wind power plant in other parts of the province. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - Evaluating the Worn-Out Urban Texture Regeneration Plan with an Approach Towards Public Participation (Case Study of Hemmatabad Neighborhood of Isfahan)
Fatemeh Mirzaei Arjanki Amir Hossein Shabani ShahrezaVarious approaches have been adopted to organize timeworn textures considered by relevant organizations, and the last one is urban recreation approach Thus, regarding the significance of this topic,Based on the objective, the study method of the research was applied and MoreVarious approaches have been adopted to organize timeworn textures considered by relevant organizations, and the last one is urban recreation approach Thus, regarding the significance of this topic,Based on the objective, the study method of the research was applied and the nature of the method was descriptive-analytical. A questionnaire tool was utilized in order to collect data. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS software. The ANP and TOPSIS Fuzzy decision-making models were also put into use.The findings of the research indicate that the regeneration of the worn-out texture of the Hemmat-Abad neighborhood has been effective in way of establishing security and reinforcing the sense of attachment and creating a sense of belonging within the neighborhood. The project has been effective in way of encouraging people to contribute to the neighborhood's economic tasks. The regeneration of the worn-out texture of the Hemmat-Abad neighborhood has been able to provide a great deal of infrastructure and background for the renovation of the neighborhood. It has also been able to successfully create a sense of motivation amongst citizens in order to renovate the neighborhood. Conclusion: Urban regeneration, as the main approach of urban intervention, is based on a detailed assessment of the current status of a target area, a concomitant adjustment of somatic context, social structures, economic basis and environmental status and its sequential follow up can significantly improve and develop the existing condition of the Hemmat-Abad neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - An Analysis of Inter-Basin Water Transfer in Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Provinces
Hamed Nasrazadani Hojat Mahkouii Amir Gandomkar Alireza AbasiWater is the most precious wealth available to mankind; Especially in the dry areas of the country, which covers a huge area of our country. At the national level, a large share of investments is spent on infrastructure and infrastructure and improving the management of MoreWater is the most precious wealth available to mankind; Especially in the dry areas of the country, which covers a huge area of our country. At the national level, a large share of investments is spent on infrastructure and infrastructure and improving the management of water resources and its transmission. These mentioned factors will show the importance of the water sector and economic and social security at the national level. One of the inter-basin water transfer projects that is being studied and implemented is the transfer of water from Beheshtabad to Zayandehroud. Beheshtabad project is the name used to transfer water from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces to Isfahan, Yazd and Kerman provinces. The purpose of this article is to analyze the situation of inter-basin water transfer in Isfahan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces, which has been collected using descriptive-analytical research method and using library resources and internet sites. The results of the findings show that most experts believe that the implementation of this plan has negative consequences on the provinces of origin in particular and on national security in general. Political activism, security challenges (ethnic conflicts), social, economic and environmental tensions resulting from not studying and incorrect feasibility of the plan are among the issues that make the justification of its implementation appear unjustified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - Potential Measurement and Estimation of Wind Power Characteristics for Energy Generation (Synoptic Stations of Mazandaran Province)
Rayhaneh Baayramvand Sadroddin motevalli Gholam Reza Janbaz Ghobadi Khabat DerafshiRecently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of manage MoreRecently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of managers and researchers. Current study has been done with the aim of spatial capability of wind energy in Mazandaran Province with emphasis on its topography. In order to initially estimate the energy that can be obtained from wind flow in the province, the necessary calculations were performed on wind direction and velocity data over a period of 12 years. Statistic data of 15 synoptic meteorological stations in the province at a height of 10 meters were used to collect daily wind speed and direction data. After calculating the average wind speed, wind speed continuity and wind power density in the meteorological stations, layers of each were prepared at heights of 10, 30 and 50 m using interpolation in ArcGIS software environment. The 50-meter-high wind speed zoning map in Mazandaran Province shows that among the study stations, Baladeh station with an average monthly wind speed of 5.98 meters per second at a height of 50 meters, has a maximum wind speed of 7.78 meters per second in July. This station experiences wind speeds of more than 6 meters per second for about 7 months of the year (April to October), especially during the warmer months of the year. This station also has the highest wind power density (WPD) with 51, 142 and 228 watts per square meter respectively at a height of 10, 30 and 50 meters above the ground. Also, the station has the highest amount of electrical energy output in Mazandaran Province with an average annual wind power of 58.4 kW, amount of electricity generated annually about 511452 kWh per year and network capacity of 17.7%. Therefore, this area is a suitable place in Mazandaran province for installing wind turbines and constructing wind power plant to generate electricity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - Border Cities Development Strategies Case Study Taybad
Kazem Zoghi Maryam Takroosta Naser Nasirian Mohammad Reza ArabIntroductionWhat is considered in this article is to pay attention to the development strategies of the border city of Taybad. Due to its special geopolitical features and the existence of deep cultural and trade ties between Khorasan and Afghanistan and the best way fo MoreIntroductionWhat is considered in this article is to pay attention to the development strategies of the border city of Taybad. Due to its special geopolitical features and the existence of deep cultural and trade ties between Khorasan and Afghanistan and the best way for Central Asian countries to access the high seas through Iran (Bandar Abbas) and access to the market of 13 million Central Asian countries, this city has a position Is privileged. Unfortunately, the resources and potentials of this region, especially the various functions of the border, have not been used properly and optimally, and also the limitations and solutions to address them have not been identified. Therefore, in this research, we seek to find urban development strategies appropriate to the conditions and situation of this border city, so that we can overcome the problems in this city by formulating effective strategies on urban development. In addition to maintaining the political, economic and cultural ties of the border region with the whole country, the considered strategies should be able to provide more freedom to the residents of this border region so that they can enjoy a greater share in the development and progress of central government programs. . Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the development strategies of the border city in the city of Taybad. So the main question of this research is what are the most important factors shaping the development strategy of border cities in Taybad?Research MethodsThe research method is documentary, analytical and survey. Based on the main topic of the research (Urban Development Strategies: Taybad) while reviewing the characteristics of urban development, the data obtained from theoretical studies and research, development and executive plans and documented reports of relevant organizations were reviewed and Basic information was collected and classified. Due to the fact that urban development is a systemic and integrated concept, Demethel technique was used to determine the cause and effect relationships between urban development variables. The purpose of the Demetel technique is to identify the pattern of causal relationships between a set of criteria. This technique scores the intensity of communication in a scoring manner, explores their critical feedback, and accepts non-transferable relationships. The basis of the Demethel method is based on the assumption that a system consists of a set of criteria {C = {c1, c2,… cn and the pairwise comparison of the relations between them can be modeled by mathematical equations. This technique is for constructing and analyzing structural models related to complex causal relationships between the factors of an issue. For this purpose, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was provided to 28 researchers in the fields of urban and political geography, political science and urban management. Field FindingsThe Dimtel technique was introduced by Fontal Gabos in 1971 and is one of the decision-making methods based on pairwise comparisons, the results of which will be obtained by referring to the elite. This technique is used in extracting systemic factors and systematic structuring. Since graphs well show the relationships of elements with a system, so this technique is based on graphs that can divide the factors involved into two groups of cause and effect and the relationship between them as Brought an understandable structural model. The researchers selected for this part of the study included six experts in geography and geopolitics. Border management was assessed based on 26 criteria and indicators according to Table (1). 28 experts were used to examine the criteria. Variables such as expanding the role of the private sector in infrastructure investment, attention to sector planning, regional cohesion strategy, linking the national to the local level, expanding foreign partnerships, establishing a city-level development fund, reducing poverty, Strengthening participation at both formal and informal levels in the region shows high interaction and strong systemic relationship with other variables. On the other hand, as can be seen, the vertical vector (J - R) shows the influence of each factor. Expanding the role of the private sector in investing infrastructure, creating a development fund at the city level, strengthening participation at both formal and informal levels, paying attention to social capital in border areas, creating new business areas, building capacity for officials, Education, transparency and accountability in border areas, etc. are the reasons for this system model. And factors such as paying attention to sectoral planning, linking the national level to the local level, creating a development fund at the city level, creating a border city landscape, establishing gender equality, tourism development strategy, etc. are shown as disabilities. In general, if J - R is positive, the variable is a causal variable, and if it is negative, it is a disability.ConclusionPlanning related to the development of border cities is very important. Because it is considered as an important and effective factor to improve the relationship between human beings, land and human activities. In the meantime, the border areas of Iran, especially the eastern borders of the country, face special features such as smoothness, proximity to Afghanistan's tense neighbors, smuggling of goods and drugs, population instability, cultural and social problems, and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the development in this region and formulate appropriate strategies with the existing conditions. Examination of library and field data and reference to experts' opinions show that variables are of great importance in the development of border cities. These variables were studied in 3 general strategies including socio-cultural, economic and political-government strategies with 26 general indicators. Findings showed that among these variables, the expansion of the role of the private sector in infrastructure investment (9.4644), attention to sectoral planning (9.1558), regional cohesion strategy (9.0245), Linking the national level to the local level (9.0078) has the most importance and variables such as paying attention to housing policies in border urban areas (5.5239), border city landscape (6.3666), institutionalization and professionalization of urban staff (6.8346) , Neighborhood-based management (6.9111) have the least importance. Therefore, it can be seen that the economic and investment index in this border city is considered as one of the important and influential factors on the development of the city. May be considered in the formulation of high-level policies and strategies by government officials and politicians. Very placed. Because economic development in this city can be directly related to the security of the eastern border areas of the country. 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Open Access Article
487 - Application of Future Research Approach in the Feasibility of Objectives of Urban Development Plans (Case Study: Noorabad Mamasani Master Plan
ahmad rezaee Marzieh Mogholi mohammadebrahim afifiComprehensive urban plans, as pivital management tool on a city-wide scale, have faced problems in the previous decades, which have made it difficult to achieve their goals. One critical method in recognizing the success rate of urban development projects is to evaluate MoreComprehensive urban plans, as pivital management tool on a city-wide scale, have faced problems in the previous decades, which have made it difficult to achieve their goals. One critical method in recognizing the success rate of urban development projects is to evaluate them in line with the principles of sustainable development. Addressing this issue is considered as an tool in measuring the success and feasibility of the proposals of the comprehensive plan and helps the planners to better understand the problems when preparing and compiling comprehensive plans. We aim to evaluate the feasibility of the main and effective proposals in the comprehensive plan of Noorabad Mamasani city using the application of futurology approach. The study is practical and has been conducted in terms of exploratory method at the exploratory level and based on the future research approach. Driving forces have been prioritized according to the experts' opinion, using future research software (Micmac) based on the degree of importance and uncertainty. Wizard scenario software was used to write possible scenarios. Ten factors were identified in the column of direct influence, which played the greatest role in the realization of the master plan of Noorabad city. In the case of the obtained scenarios, the unfavorable situation prevails over the favorable role. Out of 100%, about 20% of the cases were optimistic, 22% static and 58% pessimistic. The best scenario is scenario no.1 Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - Monitoring of Land Surface Temperature and Analysis of Recovered Temperature in Land Use Surface in Parsabad, Moghan Using ETM and OLI Sensor Images
Batool Zeinali Shahnaz Panahi Shirin MahdavianThe temperature of the land surface is one of the most key parameters that can provide valuable information about the physical characteristics of the earth's surface and the surrounding air. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and evaluating the la MoreThe temperature of the land surface is one of the most key parameters that can provide valuable information about the physical characteristics of the earth's surface and the surrounding air. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and evaluating the land surface temperature and analyzing it in relation to land use by the separate window algorithm in Parsabad city with two Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images for August 24, 1990 and 2020. The results showed that in the years 1990 and 2020, generally the western and northwestern parts of the city have forest covers and relatively dense vegetation, while the southwestern parts are generally mountainous and barren. The vegetation index of 1990 and 2020 in the eastern parts of the studied area has an NDVI index higher than 0.3, which indicates medium to high density vegetation. The maximum vegetation index in the range reached 0.55 in August, which is generally related to garden and agricultural lands or dense forest areas in the north and northeast of the range. On the other hand, large parts of Parsabad city, especially in the south and southwest of this city, lack vegetation and are considered barren lands. Also, the results of the land surface temperature evaluation showed that the retrieved spatial average temperature of the earth surface on August 24, 1990, which was obtained at 11:30 local time using the separate window algorithm, was 31.8 degrees Celsius in Parsabad city. While this temperature on this day and at this time in 2020 was equal to 33 degrees Celsius. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - Analysis and Evaluation of Thermal Comfort from the Perspective of Wind in Open Spaces of Rasht
Seyed Saeid Mousavi Parviz Rezaei Bahman RamezaniPeople spend a significant part of their time in the outdoor environment. Desirable open spaces encourage people to spend their time for various activities and traffic in these places. It is very important to pay attention to quality criteria in the planning and design MorePeople spend a significant part of their time in the outdoor environment. Desirable open spaces encourage people to spend their time for various activities and traffic in these places. It is very important to pay attention to quality criteria in the planning and design of these spaces. Wind flow plays an important role in the quality and stability of urban open spaces, as well as an important and influential factor on heat exchange, humidity, particle transfer and ventilation of the urban environment to establish thermal comfort. The purpose of this research is to analyze and evaluate the effect of climate on human comfort and physiological comfort in urban open spaces. The research is of applied type, which was done with descriptive-analytical method. The data used include the average minimum, maximum and monthly cloud cover, sunshine hours, temperature and wind speed in the statistical period of 40 years(1979-2019). The main analysis tools include Penn Warden, Badad and Baker indices and Excel, Arcgis and Autocad software. The area studied in this research is the city of Rasht in Gilan province. The findings show that favorable winds blow from the northeast and unfavorable winds are more from the west and northwest directions. Cold discomfort is seen only in January and February. The amount of calories lost daily and hourly is the highest in February and the lowest in July. The amount of calories received from sunlight is the lowest in December and the highest in Jul .The days of the four months of July, August, June and September need not only shade but also natural air flow to establish thermal comfort, and the hot period of the year occurs between 11 am and 5 pm in the two months of July and August. In order for the wind to enter Rasht in the summer season, the communication network must be in the north and south direction so that these currents can cause blinding, soften the air and reduce the humidity above the city. But these winds have faced a problem by hitting large and high-altitude structures that have been created in the northern part of the city without proper planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - تاثیر جهت وزش باد غالب بر طراحی شبکه معابر شهری (نمونه موردی: شهر سقز)
امیر گندمکار لیلا فلاحی -
Open Access Article
491 - شهرسازی مشارکتی باتاکیدبرمحله محوری (مطالعه موردی محله علی آبادبرازجان)
حمید صابری غلامرضا امینی نژاد احمد قاسمی -
Open Access Article
492 - بررسی میزان توانمندی اقلیم گردشگری شهر مهاباد
بختیار محمدی -
Open Access Article
493 - . The studing quality of life in government staffs housing mehr in Kermanshah ,Ilam and Khoram Abad
Pakzad Azadkhani Sahar Shahbazi Roya Samavati Khadijeh Noori zadThe quality of life has recently been proposed in the literature on sustainable development and social development planning and new economical discussion. .Although the relative importance of environmental quality is still under debate improvement and conseq MoreThe quality of life has recently been proposed in the literature on sustainable development and social development planning and new economical discussion. .Although the relative importance of environmental quality is still under debate improvement and consequently maintenance of urban residential environment is if crucial importance .In our country housing seal is a good example of planning for housing , particularly for low – income and poor segments of society. The housing seal is a housing lower than average expectations of quality in society. So the people who are living in have a lower quality of life. .A large number of Mehr housing projects have been implemented and exploited in many cities in Iran moreover, a lot of studies have been carried out on this fild. Our purpose in this study is the comparative study about quality of life in the housing seal in three western and important provinces . . The method is descriptive – analytical and the study is a practical one. The data is gathered from the libraries and also by the use of questionnaires. The population includes the residents of over 15 years old in housing seal. The sample of 301 people is chosen by Cochran’s Formula. To analyze the data, SPSS software is used.. The findings reveal that four indexes including the index of housing quality,environmental quality,the quality of free time and the sense of belonging have the average lower than the satisfactory norm and the other four indexes including the quality of the access to the infrastructures ,the quality of neighboring relationships and the quality of employment and income have the average upper than the satisfactory norm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - Analysis of effective factors in the fields of entrepreneurial development of Abadeh
Ahmad taghdisi taghdisi Sedigheh hashemi Mohammad mehdi hashemiInterest in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial policies significantly has increased in recent years, many scientists in academia and economic development. Because these policies to jobs create, improve the overall condition of the local and regional economy and promot MoreInterest in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial policies significantly has increased in recent years, many scientists in academia and economic development. Because these policies to jobs create, improve the overall condition of the local and regional economy and promote rural development. Rural entrepreneurship can be identified by the advantages, potential and limitations of rural communities based on appropriate strategic planning, the development of rural economy touched. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting entrepreneurship in rural villages is abadeh Tashk. In this regard, using the questionnaire survey method was used. Validity of the questionnaire is accessed by a number of subject specialists and academicians, and its reliability was measured by using Cranach's alpha (α= 0.88). The number of samples was n=264 out of N=1468 landowners in six villages which were determined by Cochran Table. To analyze were used the data from one sample t-test, correlation and PROMETHEE. The results of this research suggest that the triple economic, social factors and zirsakhti in rural regions studied in much desired due to the existence of the correlation between the capacity, the operating status can be increased with a factor helping to develop other applications Since zirsakhti index in the villages have the highest impact on entrepreneurship, the need to pay attention to the later especially in the village of Khwaja Jamali due to higher capacity that is from, is important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - سنجش خطرپذیری کاربریهای شهری از منظر پدافند غیرعامل (نمونه موردی: شهر آبادان)
محمد علی فیروزی رضا نظرپور دزکی سعید حیدری نیا مصطفی محمدی ده چشمه -
Open Access Article
496 - بررسی میزان مقاومت اراضی کشاورزی به فرسایش بادی در جنوب شرقی دامغان
مهین حنیفه پور ناصر مشهدی -
Open Access Article
497 - ارزیابی پایداری اقتصادی در مناطق روستایی با استفاده از فن تصمیم گیری چند معیاره تخصیص خطی (مطالعه موردی: بخش جعفر آباد، شهرستان قم)
دکترعلی اکبر عنابستانی دکترحمید شایان رضا شمسالدینی دکتر علی اکبر تقیلو ابوالفضل زارعی -
Open Access Article
498 - نقدی بر کتاب «لیلی و مجنون قاسمی گنابادی» به تصحیح دکتر زهرا اختیاری
اکبر حیدریان داوود نقی شیخی -
Open Access Article
499 - Analyzing the Character of Female in Sendbad nameh, Samak-e-Ayar and Bakhtiar Nameh on the Basis of Feminist Criticism
Farzad RostamiThe poets and men of letters have long been concerned with “woman” and its characteristics. Many narrators and authors have discussed this issue considering its different existential aspects. The works such as Samak-e-Ayar, Bakhtiar name and Sendbad nameh ar MoreThe poets and men of letters have long been concerned with “woman” and its characteristics. Many narrators and authors have discussed this issue considering its different existential aspects. The works such as Samak-e-Ayar, Bakhtiar name and Sendbad nameh are the works in lyric literature which are written in prose and have analyzed “woman” as a character in tales. The present analytic – descriptive paper studied and compared “woman” in the aforementioned folk tales. The result showcased a positive attitude towards “woman” in Samak-e-Ayar because of enjoying Iranian Cultural themes. Secondly, Bakhtiar name contained more reasonable and positive instances. Finally, Sendbad nameh had a more negative attitude because of being shadowed by Hindu culture and tradition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - The Analysis of Conceptual Metaphor of Zephyr (Saba Wind) in Hafiz Poetry
Khodabakhsh Asadollahi Jahandoost SabzalipourThrough the theory of conceptual metaphor, Lakoff and Johnson showed that metaphors originate from the mind and reach the language and as long as there are no conceptual changes in the mind, no metaphors are created. Persian literature, with a large body of available re MoreThrough the theory of conceptual metaphor, Lakoff and Johnson showed that metaphors originate from the mind and reach the language and as long as there are no conceptual changes in the mind, no metaphors are created. Persian literature, with a large body of available resources, includes a treasure of numerous conceptual metaphors. The current study uses a cognitive approach and investigates one of the important metaphors in the Persian literature, namely the “Zephyr is human” metaphor. The main research question investigates how Zephyr is conceptualized in Persian language. The data for this study is gathered from divan of Hafez. Analysis of the data indicated that Zephyr in Persian literature is conceptually portrayed as a lover/healer/veiled/patient listener/ secretive human as well as a human who is gossiper/ sick/ liar/ rival and unfaithful. By comparing the dual personality and selfishness of Zephyr (Baad-e-Saba) in Persian poems, one can reach the conclusion that Zephyr (Bad-e-Saba) is probably a remaining visage of ancient Iranian god of Vayu. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
501 - The Wine of Pride and the Wine of Being in Hafez's Court
Mohamad EshaghiThe high frequency of the word "wine" and its derivatives in Hafez's divan (more than 1300 times), in addition to being a proof of its importance in his thought and poetry, it has various interpretations and is also divided into different types, which, in addition to gr MoreThe high frequency of the word "wine" and its derivatives in Hafez's divan (more than 1300 times), in addition to being a proof of its importance in his thought and poetry, it has various interpretations and is also divided into different types, which, in addition to grape and mystical wines, are ironic wine. It should be said that this name was given to it for the first time by Bahauddin Khorramshahi, and of course, they were satisfied with mentioning a few general and brief examples; However, considering the breadth of the topic, the diversity, the remoteness of the interpretations of this type of wine and the importance of its use in Hafez's poetry, it requires a more detailed and complete research; Especially, its type has not been specified in the court and needs to be verified by the audience. The purpose of this research is to define exactly the irony in Divan Hafez, to identify which irons are a subset of this type and how to recognize them. The method of gathering information is a library, and the findings of this research show that there are other types of wine in Divan Hafez that are not known and identified; Like the "illusory wine" that Hafez himself named after it; Also, two types of wine called "Pride wine" and "presence wine" will be introduced and explained, with the mention that so far these two types of wine have not been recognized and identified in Divan Hafez. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
502 - Aesthetic Analysis of the Kalidar by Mahmoud Dolatabadi from the Perspective of a New Criticism
Elham FatahiThe study of the nature of beauty in various fields is the subject of "aesthetic" knowledge, which includes philosophy of beauty, beauty psychology, philosophy of art and art criticism. From an aesthetic point of view, it can be said that the main function of beauty is MoreThe study of the nature of beauty in various fields is the subject of "aesthetic" knowledge, which includes philosophy of beauty, beauty psychology, philosophy of art and art criticism. From an aesthetic point of view, it can be said that the main function of beauty is to create emotional harmony between man, nature and society. According to modern literary criticism, the only work in which the function of aesthetics - which proves that literature is an art - predominates - is a literary work. Discovering and adapting these new aesthetic features to Kalidar's novel will lead to understanding and receiving the artistic richness and discovering the literary institution of this work. The abundance of images, the organization of spoken music and repetitive human themes, the literary level of this novel is closer to the artistic standards of this literary theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - Analysis and Adaptation of the Plot of Bijan and Manijeh by Ferdowsi and Mem and Zin by Ahmad Khani
Edris Ghoytasiy Barat MohammadiThe story of Bijan and Manijeh is one of the few love stories of Ferdowsi in Shahnameh and is considered among the stories that Ferdowsi wrote in his youth. "Mem and Zin" is also one of the Kurdish romances that has been recited by Beytkhans (a kind of local singers) fo MoreThe story of Bijan and Manijeh is one of the few love stories of Ferdowsi in Shahnameh and is considered among the stories that Ferdowsi wrote in his youth. "Mem and Zin" is also one of the Kurdish romances that has been recited by Beytkhans (a kind of local singers) for many years, until the famous Kurdish poet Ahmad Khani arranged it in the form of Masnavi. The main purpose of this article is to examine the plot of "Bijan and Manijeh" by Ferdowsi and "Mem and Zin" by Ahmad Khani. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In both stories, the plot can be examined from different aspects. The events of both stories proceed uniformly based on the cause-and-effect relationship. The elements of the plot are observed in an orderly arrengment, and the metaphysical incidents in the story that harm the structure of the plot can be justified by the logic governing the tales and old stories. The plot in the stories "Bijan and Manijeh" and "Mem and Zin" are very similar, and all the elements, including conflict, crisis, suspense, and climax, have been observed according to the principles of story-writing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - تاثیر برخی تیمارهای پرایمینگ بر جوانه زنی پنیرباد (Withania coagulans)
کیانوش توانا زهرا موحدی مجید رستمی -
Open Access Article
505 - اثر هورمون های سیتوکینین و اسید جیبرلیک بر جوانه زنی بذر و صفات رشدی گیاه داروئی بادرنجبویه
مهدی عمادی اندانی سیّد کاظم صبّاغ کاظم کمالی -
Open Access Article
506 - مطالعه اثر پیش تیمار بذر با سالسیلیک اسید در شرایط تنش شوری و خشکی بر جوانه زنی و خصوصیات رشدی گیاهچه بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L)
مادح احمدی مراد شعبان رضا یاری -
Open Access Article
507 - تأثیر خراشدهی مکانیکی بر شکستن خواب و بهبود جوانهزنی بذر دوازده گونه گیاه دارویی
حمید شریفی محمد خواجه حسینی محمد حسن راشدمحصل -
Open Access Article
508 - تاثیر تیمار سرمایی و شیمیایی بر شکست خواب بذر پنیرباد (Withania somnifera)
ابراهیم گنجی مقدم ایسن قهرمانی مریم تاتاری سوسن خسروبار -
Open Access Article
509 - Analysis of Spatio-temporal Distribution of Surface Wind Speed in Geographical Area of Iran Using MERRA-2 Model
Koohzad Raispour Helalah Fahimi Roya Poor karimAbstract Wind is one of the complex climatic variables whose changes can affect climatic characteristics on a global, regional and local scale. Although this variable is one of the important factors in climate change, it has rarely been studied to detect climate change. MoreAbstract Wind is one of the complex climatic variables whose changes can affect climatic characteristics on a global, regional and local scale. Although this variable is one of the important factors in climate change, it has rarely been studied to detect climate change. The purpose of this study is to analyze the temporal-spatial Distribution of surface wind speed in the geographical area of Iran (1982- 2019). For this purpose, the mean hourly, daily and monthly average wind speed data for the MERRA-2 model were used. The results show that there are fluctuations in wind speed and the trend was accompanied by an increase of 0.2 m / s. Statistical analysis also showed significant differences in time and location. Among the months, the highest average wind speeds occurred in the months (June, July and August) and the lowest in the months (October, November, December and January) and among the seasons the highest and lowest occurred in summer and winter. Locally, the highest intensity and persistence of wind current in eastern Iran and central Iran. Regression relationship between wind speed and temperature and pressure variables showed that wind speed is directly related to temperature (R = 81%) and inversely related to pressure (R = - 70%). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
510 - forehead condition of the polar front in relation to the cold season on Iran
dareush sepadeh - Bromand Salahi Bohlool Alijani Batool ZinaliAbstract In this research, the seasonal behavior of polar jet streem has been identified based on the cold season (autumn and winter) on Iran. General analysis of jet streem process based on what is mentioned in the methods section was done in order to find the behavior MoreAbstract In this research, the seasonal behavior of polar jet streem has been identified based on the cold season (autumn and winter) on Iran. General analysis of jet streem process based on what is mentioned in the methods section was done in order to find the behavior patterns of jet streem in GRADS software environment . The results of the analysis indicate the existence of two main medium nuclei, one above Europe and a wider nucleus over North Africa and Saudi Arabia. The prevalence of nuclei in Europe has been higher than in North Africa. In autumn, the incidence of North African nuclei was about 30% lower than in Europe, and in winter the frequency of both nuclei was similar. The core of the polar jet streem in the two seasons, is located approximately 35 degrees north latitude. According to the information obtained from the average speed maps in autumn and winter, it seems that the speed change has been more than before. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - Modeling of the movement of quicksands using Landsat satellite imagery and artificial neural network (Study area: Lut plain)
Alireza Rezaei marzieh mogholiTo provide digital elevation model, the method of digitalising the alignment lines in topographic maps and then their interpolation is used. First, topographic maps of 1: 50000 area were converted to TIN by GIS software, then TIN map was prepared and then DEM of the reg MoreTo provide digital elevation model, the method of digitalising the alignment lines in topographic maps and then their interpolation is used. First, topographic maps of 1: 50000 area were converted to TIN by GIS software, then TIN map was prepared and then DEM of the region was prepared. Corrections and processing were done on the images. For artificial neural network models, the Artificial Neural Network Toolkit has been used with spss16 software. The displacement of sand dunes was modeled using artificial neural networks and regression models. In a modeling process, either statistical or artificial neural networks, data are usually divided into two parts. One part for training or calibration or calibration of the model and another part for testing or verifying the model. The results showed that remote sensing, artificial neural networks and regression models have good ability to model the displacement of sand dunes. In this research, remote sensing technology was used in the study and monitoring of the morphology of active sand gravel and its source in the region. In order to provide Quaternary geomorphological maps, improve geological map, separation of sand types in the Lut plain and, finally, Harvesting and sedimentation have been used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - Synoptic analyzing the occurrence of strong wind and dust storm in Shiraz in March 2019
Ashraf AsadiAs transition seasons approach at the end of the winter season, changes in movement patterns and wind speed in mid-latitudes are inevitable. On March 22, 2019, a strong wind accompanied by heavy dust and muddy rain for a large part of the day resulted in the injury of s MoreAs transition seasons approach at the end of the winter season, changes in movement patterns and wind speed in mid-latitudes are inevitable. On March 22, 2019, a strong wind accompanied by heavy dust and muddy rain for a large part of the day resulted in the injury of several citizens and significant damage in the city of Shiraz. For this reason, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the synoptic conditions of the formation of this phenomenon. Earth surface data from the Meteorological Organization and variables of air temperature, geopotential height, sea level pressure, zonal wind, meridional wind, specific humidity, and omega were used as upper atmosphere data to investigate the upper level of the atmosphere. Using these variables, geopotential height roughness map patterns, frontal formation process, vorticity advection, humidity, thickness pattern, earth surface pressure patterns, Jetstream, Omega, and Hof-Muller diagrams of the third type of Jetstream and Omega were drawn at different levels. The results showed that the location of the studied area under the positive advection zone in the east of the western wind channel, which leads to high divergence and low convergence, the establishment of temperature trend and front formation, and especially the descent of the polar front wind to the lower atmospheric levels, the conditions Synoptic have provided for the occurrence of strong air ascent and the formation of strong gusts caused by it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
513 - Wind power plants site selection using Boolean model and ArcGIS (Case study: Mazandaran Province)
Reyhaneh Bairamvand Sadroddin Motevalli GholamReza Janbaz Ghobadi Khabat DerafshiRecently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of manage MoreRecently, Mazandaran Province has needed more energy. Considering the capabilities of this province in generating renewable energy, recognizing the potentials of clean energy generation and consumption, especially wind energy, should be a priority in the plans of managers and researchers. A descriptive, analytical and field approach is used in this study. The spatial capability of wind power plants in Mazandaran Province was evaluated using spatial and quantitative data. In order to initially estimate the energy that can be obtained from wind flow in the province, the necessary calculations were performed on wind direction and velocity information over a period of 12 years. Then, based on the group of experts, documentary and library studies, scientific resources in this field and available data, four climatic, economic, environmental-social and topographical factors, have been selected as the most important indicators to determine suitable areas for the establishment of wind power plants in Mazandaran Province. These four criteria include 18 sub-criteria and after weighting and overlapping, the final zoning map was prepared using the Boolean model. According to the final map, the central strip of the province within the boundaries of Noor, Amol and Babol counties, the northern parts of Noor and Sari counties, the south of Savadkooh and Qaemshahr counties, as well as the central and southern parts of Behshahr county, are more suitable areas than other parts of Mazandaran Province for establishing wind power plants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - The effect of climatic parameters on technology according to the degree of day in Gonabad city
Hasan Rezaei Morteza Pour Zare gholamabbas Falah ghalhariIn agricultural climate, it is important to know the climatic characteristics of each region in order to adapt it to the cultivation of each plant and increase production. In the present study, the time of occurrence and temperature thresholds of pistachio tree phenolog MoreIn agricultural climate, it is important to know the climatic characteristics of each region in order to adapt it to the cultivation of each plant and increase production. In the present study, the time of occurrence and temperature thresholds of pistachio tree phenological stages at BBCH scale were determined in the field. Then, using non-parametric Mann-Kendall method and Sense slope test, the trend of changes in the elements of average humidity on the day of completion of each stage, average humidity, average maximum and minimum temperature, average temperature on the day of completion of each stage, average soil temperature, average wind speed, rainfall And sundial at Gonabad station during the statistical period of 1398-1398 on pistachio growth. Findings of this study showed that depending on the degree of day at different possible levels, the length of pistachio biological activity in this region varies from 163 to 198 days and the minimum and maximum total hours of sunshine are required to be 177.57 and 1261. The climatic element limiting the biological activity of pistachio plant as well as other climatic parameters were identified. In the next step, Mann Kendall test was used to examine the trend of climatic elements in different stages of pistachio crop phenology. The results of this study showed that among the climatic parameters of pistachio cultivation, average relative humidity, maximum and minimum temperature, average temperature, wind speed and sundial have a significant increasing trend at the level of 5%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
515 - The impact of prevailing wind changes on Mashhad airport flights with climate change approach
محمد خلیل نژاد محمد خلیل نژاد رضا برنا منوچهر فرج زاده اصل منوچهر فرج زاده اصل Floods are one of the most frequent and destructive natural disasters that cause severe financial and financial losses every year. Flood damage is on the rise due to human manipulation of river systems and river construction. In this regard, one of the most import More Floods are one of the most frequent and destructive natural disasters that cause severe financial and financial losses every year. Flood damage is on the rise due to human manipulation of river systems and river construction. In this regard, one of the most important non-structural measures to reduce flood damage is the preparation of flood risk zoning maps and their use in spatial planning. In this regard, the HEC-HMS model was used to simulate rainfall-runoff and identify flood zones and fuzzy logic was used to overlay the subject layers and prepare the flood line map. The simulation results show the high efficiency of HEC-HMS model in simulation of rainfall-runoff of Rudball catchment and estimation of peak flood discharges. The conversion of rainfall to runoff at the surface of the Rudball Basin is mainly controlled by geomorphometry and land cover. The highest peak runoff and peak flow rates are in the upstream sub-basins of the Rudball Basin. This is due to high slope, low soil permeability, abundance of impermeable surfaces and high CN. The combination of thematic layers using fuzzy logic showed that about 8.6% of the basin area was located in areas with high risk of flooding. These zones mainly correspond to the floodplain of the Rudbal River. These lands are always exposed to floods due to the low valley and low slope. Most of the settlements in the study area are located downstream of the basin. This has increased the risk of flooding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
516 - تحلیل فضایی کیفیت منابع آب زیرزمینی جهت مصارف شرب، کشاورزی و صنعتی (مطالعه موردی: دشت آباده طشک-جهان آباد)
کمال امیدوار حسین بهزادی کریمیهدف از این مطالعه، تحلیل مکانیکیفیتآب زیرزمینی دشت آباده طشک-جهانآبادواقع در شرق استان فارس برای مصارف شرب، کشاورزی و صنعتی براساسدیاگرامهای شولر، ویلکوکس و شاخصاشباعشدگیلانژلیهاست. ابتدا دادههای 8 پارامتر کیفی مؤثر در مصارف فوق،شاملTDS،TH ،Na+،Cl-، SO42-،PH ،ECو SA Moreهدف از این مطالعه، تحلیل مکانیکیفیتآب زیرزمینی دشت آباده طشک-جهانآبادواقع در شرق استان فارس برای مصارف شرب، کشاورزی و صنعتی براساسدیاگرامهای شولر، ویلکوکس و شاخصاشباعشدگیلانژلیهاست. ابتدا دادههای 8 پارامتر کیفی مؤثر در مصارف فوق،شاملTDS،TH ،Na+،Cl-، SO42-،PH ،ECو SARمربوط به 29 حلقه چاه منطقهجمعآوریو از نرمال بودن توزیع دادهها اطمینان حاصل گردید. به کمکتحلیلگرزمینآماری در سامانهی اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)، مدلهای مختلف روش کوکریجینگبرای هر پارامتربررسی و نتایج حاصل از مدلهای مذکور براساسفن اعتبارسنجی متقابل با معیار آماری ریشهی دوم میانگین مربعات خطا (RMSe) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که برای پارامترهای TDS،TH ، Cl- و PH، مدلرشنال کوادریک و برای متغیرهای Na+، SO42-، EC و SAR، مدلنمایی از بیشترین دقت و کمترین خطا نسبت به سایر مدلهایواریوگرام برخوردار میباشند.براساس نمودار شولر، 38% چاههای دشت در گروه خوب و قابلقبول قرار داشته و مانعی ازنظر شرب ندارند. نمودار ویلکوکس نشان میدهد که اکثر چاهها (62%) در کلاس خیلی شور قرار داشته و برای کشاورزی مناسب نمیباشند. با توجه به ضریب اشباعشدگی لانژلیه، 76% آب زیرزمینی دشت در ردهی رسوبگذار و 24% باقیمانده در ردهی خورنده ازنظر صنعتی قرار دارند.نقشههای طبقهبندی کیفیآب زیرزمینی دشتازلحاظ شرب، کشاورزی و صنعتی نشان داد که کیفیت آب از مناطق مرتفع شمال به سمت نواحی پست جنوب (بهاستثنایناحیهی ده زیر 2)، بخصوص در اراضی فاقد کشاورزی یعنی محدودهیدریاچهی بختگان که کلاس کیفیت آبِ غیرقابل استفاده غالب است؛ کاهش مییابد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - Intraction between East Khorasan Winds Regimes and Sistan 120 Days Winds
Mahmood Khosravi Abbas Mofidi Roya PoorkarimBrabadiThe main goal of this study is to investigate theinteractionbetween East Khorasan winds regimesand Sistan120 Days winds. The climatic data of Synoptic stations used in the present study was obtained fromkhorasan razavi, khorasan jonobi and sistan and baluchestan m MoreThe main goal of this study is to investigate theinteractionbetween East Khorasan winds regimesand Sistan120 Days winds. The climatic data of Synoptic stations used in the present study was obtained fromkhorasan razavi, khorasan jonobi and sistan and baluchestan meteorological organizations. The statistical period is from 2000 to 2011. To do synoptic analyses, the maps of sea level pressure, geopotential height of 850 Hectopascal level, wind direction and the relativevorticity were used. The sample extract form the daily wind velocity data base of Zabol station and include the fourteen days with the highest velocitywinds. The results shows that the wind direction in the Khorasan Razavi province is from north. while, the direction changes toward Northwest as it arrives to Sistan plain. This change in the direction of wind is due tothe topographyand geographical location of thearea. The geopotential height maps shown that the main reasons for the winds of 120 days are thecore ofthe highpressureonthe Caspian Sea and the core of the low pressure in Pakistan. Moreover, strengthening the low pressure intensifies the winds Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
518 - Identification areas susceptible to soil erosion using Fuzzy-AHP Case Study: Mahabad dam watershed
Davood Talebpoor asl Ezzatollah GhanavatiSoil erosion is always occurred as a natural event but human false interference led to accelerated soil erosion and irreversible effects. Mahabad dam watershed, due to topographic mountainous and steep slopes is very susceptibility against soil erosion. The aim of this MoreSoil erosion is always occurred as a natural event but human false interference led to accelerated soil erosion and irreversible effects. Mahabad dam watershed, due to topographic mountainous and steep slopes is very susceptibility against soil erosion. The aim of this study is to prioritize the factors affecting sediment production using fuzzy logic and AHP models and finally, generating the susceptibility mapping apron to soil erosion in Mahahbad dam watershed. At first, based on expert experiences seven factors were recognized on soil erosion including the following; slope degree, land use, time of concentration, elevation of sea, precipitation, lithology and distance to river. The susceptibility soil erosion map based on fuzzy logic and AHP models were classified in five classes. The accuracy of the erosion susceptibility map provided by the model is further checked by calculating Seed Cell Area Index (SCAI). Results show that about 102.12 km2, equivalent to 13.15% of the area has the potential to "very high" risk of erosion and sediment production, which in the sub-basins Dehbokr, Bangvyn, Qzljeh, Maraneh and Syahghol has more potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
519 - Reviewing On The Assessment Of Human Comfort in Considering City Minab - Tiab Bioclimatic Indices
Ahmad Ansari Lari Hajar Zarei KNowadays the evaluation of bioclimatic conditions is considered as an efficient instrument by programmers in different regions. Calmness and health of human in natural environment has a direct relationship with climate situation such as temperature, humidity, sunlight a MoreNowadays the evaluation of bioclimatic conditions is considered as an efficient instrument by programmers in different regions. Calmness and health of human in natural environment has a direct relationship with climate situation such as temperature, humidity, sunlight and sunny time. Relative temperature and humidity is introduced as an index to survey comfort and convenience of human. This study aims to investigate comfort or discomfort of human based on bioclimatic models and indices of Becker, Terjung, nervous pressure and thermo hygrometric by using statistical data of synoptic station of Minab County for Tiyab rural district during 1990 to 2011. The results arising of this study show that Tiyab region in bioclimatic position during each year has from extremely hot to keen condition in different months. Considering the survey of climatic situation of this region, we can observe growth and development steps of this region by more speed in most of development and tourism planning of this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
520 - Ranking Motivation of Geotourists for Selecting Badab-E Soort's Springs Using SDAC Model
Samad Fotohi Mohammadreza Alizadeh Fatemeh EslamFard Mehdi JafariGeological phenomena and sights are among the most attractive tourist areas, which can be considered in geotourism as the vision of future economy. Geotourism is the sustainable form of nature-based tourism, which mainly focuses on experience and perception of nature an MoreGeological phenomena and sights are among the most attractive tourist areas, which can be considered in geotourism as the vision of future economy. Geotourism is the sustainable form of nature-based tourism, which mainly focuses on experience and perception of nature and learning about it, is defined based on comprehensive and sustainable development, and is managed such that its resulting negative outcomes are few and its benefits are maximal for local societies, providing their welfare causes. Iran has a beautiful nature with climatic variety and regions full of unique geological phenomenon and the investigation of these attractions is necessary for gaining more knowledge about them. Mazandaran Province which owns beautiful landscapes, unique geomorphological phenomena, animal diversity, and vegetation is Iran's one of the most important tourism sources. Maintaining and preserving these valuable sources, especially unprecedented geological phenomena which are the result of millions of years of change and evolution of the earth in this region, require fundamental measures and planning at international and regional levels in order for this global legacy to be preserved based on principles of sustainable development and commitments of present generation to the generations to come. To this end, it is necessary to identify motivations of geotourists for visiting a natural attraction in order to present a planning for the protection of natural resources and tourism development. In this research, the selection motivation of geotourits for visiting Badab-e Soor region in Mazandaran Province is investigated. The research method was descriptive-analytical. In order to proximate the ranking to reality and obtain better results, a combination of correlation coefficient and AHP Delphi method which is called synthesis Delphi AHP correlation (SDAC) was used. Results showed that the most frequent motivation of tourists visiting Badab-e Soort geotourism region was its natural attractions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
521 - Determination of Wind Chill index based on the climatic data in Iran
Saeed Ranjbar Gholam Ali Kamali Hooshmand Ataei Amir Gandomkarآبوهوا تأثیر بسیار مهمی در حیات و گسترش موجودات زنده بر روی کره زمین دارد.Climate is so important for the life and development of the living organisms on Earth. Among all the effects of different atmospheric variables on human comfort, the effect of combined wind Moreآبوهوا تأثیر بسیار مهمی در حیات و گسترش موجودات زنده بر روی کره زمین دارد.Climate is so important for the life and development of the living organisms on Earth. Among all the effects of different atmospheric variables on human comfort, the effect of combined wind and temperature is of particular significance.افت شدید دما همراه با وزش باد،In this study, using statistical data of minimum temperature and wind speed of the synoptic stations during the period 1374 to 1393 ,which were obtained from the Meteorological Organization, the chill wind was zoned in the country.نتایج که از تحلیل داده های 120 تا 314 ایستگاه همدید کشور استفاده شد نشان داد که آبان و فروردین را میتوان به ترتیب بهعنوان ماههای شروع و پایان سوز باد در ایران در نظر گرفت.Results that were obtained from data analysis of 120 to 314 synoptic stations (for different time intervals) showed that we can consider the months of Aban to Farvardin as the start and end of wind chill in Iran, respectively.برای روزهای آبان تا فروردین، میانگین کاهش دمای حداقل بهواسطه وزش باد به میزان 0/4 درجه سلسیوس در ماه بهمن احساس شده است.نقشه های پهنه بندی کشور که برای ماههای سرد سال(ازآبان تا فروردین) ترسیم شد، مشخص نمود که تفاوت بین حداقل دمای هوا و دمای احساسی ( سوزباد) به خوبی معنی دار است.بیشترین فراوانی سوزباد مربوط به سال 1390 با 18069 مورد از 358 ایستگاههای تحت مطالعه و کمترین آن مربوط به سال 1374 با 4322 مورد بوده است.For days of Aban to Farvardin, the average reduction in minimum temperature of 4 degrees Celsius in Bahman due to the wind blowing has been felt.Zoning maps of the country that were traced for the cold months (from Aban to Farvardin), showed that the difference between minimum air temperature and the temperature that can be felt on human body (wind chill) is meaningful as well(Level of significance is in the range of 0.51 to 0.74). The highest frequency of wind chill is related to the year of 1390 with 18088 cases from 330 stations that are under study and the lowest is related to the year of 1374 with 4321 cases.نکته قابل توجه این که هر چه از سال پایه (1374) جلو می رویم فراوانی وقوع سوزباد بیشتر شده و عملاً احساس تعداد روزهای سرد در شهرهای کشور رو به افزایش است.It should be noted that from the base year (1374) onwards ,the frequency of the wind chill occurrence has increased and the numbers of cold days because of the wind existence in the cities of the country are increasing too. by investigating the frequency of wind chill occurrence in the months which are under the study, the month of Bahman with47219 cases from 350 stations and the month of Aban with 17728 cases from 305stations, had the highest and the lowest frequency of occurrence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
522 - بهرهگیری از معیارهای شاخص روش IMDPA در پهنهبندی شدت بیابانزایی منطقه جنوب شرق زاهدان
لیلا خانی بندانی لیلا خانی بندانی هادی جعفری هادی جعفریبیابان­زایی به معنی تخریب زمین در مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک، امروزه به عنوان یکی از جدی­ترین مشکلات جامعه جهانی در آمده است. در این تحقیق چهار معیار اقلیم، خاک، پوشش گیاهی و فرسایش بادی برای ارزیابی شدت بیابان­زایی در منطقه جنوب شرق زاهدان مناسب تشخیص داده شد Moreبیابان­زایی به معنی تخریب زمین در مناطق خشک و نیمه­خشک، امروزه به عنوان یکی از جدی­ترین مشکلات جامعه جهانی در آمده است. در این تحقیق چهار معیار اقلیم، خاک، پوشش گیاهی و فرسایش بادی برای ارزیابی شدت بیابان­زایی در منطقه جنوب شرق زاهدان مناسب تشخیص داده شده و پتانسیل بیابان­زایی با استفاده از مدل ایرانی IMDPA مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. وضعیت بیابان­زایی در هر یک از واحدهای کاری ژئومورفولوژیکی پس از امتیازدهی به شاخص­های هر معیار تعیین شده است. از هم­پوشانی شاخص­ها در نرم­افزار ArcGIS، نقشه معیارها ترسیم شده که از ترکیب آنها در نهایت نقشه نهایی شدت بیابان­زایی منطقه مورد مطالعه تهیه شده است. نتایج توزیع فراوانی کلاس­های شدت فعلی بیابان­زایی منطقه نشان می­دهد 39/23 درصد مساحت منطقه در کلاس کم و ناچیز، 75/5 درصد در کلاس متوسط، 69/61 درصد در کلاس شدید و 17/9 درصد منطقه در کلاس خیلی شدید شدت بیابان­زایی قرار دارند. معیار اقلیم با ارزش 25/3 بیشترین تأثیر را در بیابان­زایی منطقه داشته که نشان­دهنده نقش اصلی عوامل طبیعی در بیابان­زایی منطقه مورد مطالعه می­باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - تحلیل عوامل ژئومورفوکلیمایی در آفرینش باد محلی منجیل
نسرین نیکاندیش هدیه اکبری قمصریباد منجیل یکی از مهمترین بادهای محلی است که از شهرت جهانی برخوردار بوده ومنجیل به شهر توربینهای بادی ایران معروف است. پژوهش حاضر باهدف شناسایی عوامل به وجود آورنده، تشدیدکننده و استمرار دهنده این پدیده، با استفاده از روش اسنادی-تحلیلی منطبق بر شواهد میدانی صورت گرفته Moreباد منجیل یکی از مهمترین بادهای محلی است که از شهرت جهانی برخوردار بوده ومنجیل به شهر توربینهای بادی ایران معروف است. پژوهش حاضر باهدف شناسایی عوامل به وجود آورنده، تشدیدکننده و استمرار دهنده این پدیده، با استفاده از روش اسنادی-تحلیلی منطبق بر شواهد میدانی صورت گرفته است. قلمرو مکانی مورد مطالعه در مختصات جغرافیایی 48 تا 51 درجه طول شرقی و 34 تا 38 درجه عرض شمالی گسترده شده است. از دادههای روزانه دما، رطوبت، فشار و باد ایستگاههای سینوپتیک بندرانزلی، رشت، منجیل و قزوین در پایه زمانی 1993-2014 و دادههای ارتفاع رقومی استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل نشان داد تضادهای اقلیمی میان محدوده شمالی (بندر انزلی، رشت)، محدوده کوهستانی (منجیل، رودبار)، محدوده دشت قزوین و مناطق کم ارتفاع با برقراری شیب انرژی بهعنوان عامل محرک باد منجیل ایفای نقش میکنند. این تضادها تحت شرایط زمین و الگوهای همدید ایجاد گردیده و با همراهی چیدمان مؤلفههای ژئومورفولوژیکی دریای خزر-دلتای سفید رود-کلوز سفیدرود -دشت قزوین، بهعنوان عامل مسبب بستر ایجاد باد منجیل؛سبب آفرینش یکی از شدیدترین بادهای ایران و جهان در منجیل میگردد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
524 - Evaluating of height-diameter nonlinear models for Alnus specie in Hyrcanes forest (Case Study: Golestan Rezaeian Forest)
anoshirvan alemi jafar oladi asghar fallah yaser maghsoudiProjection of stand development over time relies on accurate height-diameter functions. In this study, we evaluated the capability of 43 nonlinear models to estimate Alnus subcordata heights in a portion Rezaeian experimental forest in Gorgan, Golestan province. We appl MoreProjection of stand development over time relies on accurate height-diameter functions. In this study, we evaluated the capability of 43 nonlinear models to estimate Alnus subcordata heights in a portion Rezaeian experimental forest in Gorgan, Golestan province. We applied a systematic random sampling method to collect field data within a 150×200 meter network (3.33% intensity). It resulted in 200 circular plots with 17.84 m (0.1 ha) radius. In each plot tree species, height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees with DBH>7.5 cm were measured. From the available dataset, we included 70% in the model development and the remaining 30% to validate the models. The relationship between height (dependent variable) and DBH (independent variable) was analyzed using 43 non-linear regression models. The results showed no significant difference between the applied model diagnostics, and the applied t-test showed non-significant mean stand height estimation using all models and actual height at 99% confidence level. In addition, the results of Geometric, Geometric two, Hyperbolic three, Morgan-Merser-Florin and Logarithmic models with R2 of 0.88 and RMSE% of 7.81%, 7.86%, 7.88%, 7.90 and 7.92% , respectively were almost similar in that they were better predictors of forest height. Based on the results, we conclude that these models can be used for predicting forest height in similar broadleaved stands of northern Iran, provided that comparative studies are conducted elsewhere to approve the results obtained here. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - Reviews of Pollen Morphological Features in Different Populations of Populus caspica in West Mazandaran Forests (Case Study: Marzanabad and Nour)
Ali Sheykholeslami Fatemeh BakooeiThe Populus Caspica is a critically endangered and endemic species in Hyrcanian forest which is unfortunately endangered due to lack of proper management and conservation. Populus Caspica stands as a genetically valuable component of Hyrcanian forest resources but consi MoreThe Populus Caspica is a critically endangered and endemic species in Hyrcanian forest which is unfortunately endangered due to lack of proper management and conservation. Populus Caspica stands as a genetically valuable component of Hyrcanian forest resources but considering its rarity, nativity, uniqueness, being threatened and its role in preserving the natural landscape of northern forests, little information is available for its ecological, morphological and physiological condition, therefore, based on the given facts, more research are required to be conducted in these fields. In this study, we tried to introduce the pollen characterization in different populations of this species in west Mazandaran forests (Marzanabad and Nour). Consequently, two natural habitats of this species in West Mazandaran forests were used. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pollen grains were studied by light (optical) and electron microscopes. The results showed that there was no significant difference in pollen characteristics and types in different populations of this species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
526 - Comparison of carbon sequestration in natural coniferous and deciduous stands (Case study: Marzanabad-Chalous)
Ali Sheykhoeslami Naermin HoseiniRising greenhouse gases have led to climate change and global warming, which is one of the major challenges in the discussion of sustainable development and has had detrimental effects on human life on Earth. Carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, such as fores MoreRising greenhouse gases have led to climate change and global warming, which is one of the major challenges in the discussion of sustainable development and has had detrimental effects on human life on Earth. Carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, such as forests, is the simplest and most economically viable solution to reduce atmospheric carbon. This study is carried out in needles, pure mulberry leaves and broadleaf mixed in Hassanabad Chalous region and the amount of carbon deposited in biomass (leaves and branches), soil (at two depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm) and litter were estimated. The results showed that the amount of carbon sequestration in each of the needle, leaf and broadleaf masses was 57.184 and 30.222 tons per hectare, respectively, whose economic value was calculated as $ 11437 and 60445 per hectare, respectively. The results showed that the amount of carbon sequestration in each of the needle-leaf and broadleaf stands was 57.184 and 30.222 tons per hectare, respectively, and its economic value was calculated as $ 11437 and 60445 per hectare, respectively. The values of diameter equal to breast, height, and cross-sectional area equal to breast, trunk volume, and canopy volume were also significantly higher in the pure mass of Zarbin than the broadleaf mass. Also, the results of stepwise regression showed that nitrogen and soil saturation moisture content were the most important factors affecting soil organic carbon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
527 - The presentation of comprehensive plan for organizing and improvement in Kashafrud River
vahid yazdani Hosein AlimirzaeiAbstract Understanding the river behavior and the activities compatible with their nature and suitable engineering activities are always the main concerns in agricultural sciences. The main purpose of this paper is the presentation of comprehensive plan for organ MoreAbstract Understanding the river behavior and the activities compatible with their nature and suitable engineering activities are always the main concerns in agricultural sciences. The main purpose of this paper is the presentation of comprehensive plan for organizing and betterment in Kashafrud RiverbetweenParkand-abad wastewater treatment and Olang wastewater treatment due to the value of this river in this location. So, by using the GIS technology and digits software the physiographic parameters are analyzed in Arc-view and Arc-Gis in 1:250000 scale. The distance between Parkand-abad wastewater treatment to the end of the studied area because of the best condition in all aspect for farming and potager’s products the agricultural land is valuable, so there are clear human activities in riparian which is critical. Based on the result of the anchored wall in upstream is 1.75RS and equal to 3.5 m and the anchored wall in downstream is 2RS and equal to 4 m. In order to the structural consideration in the increase of stilling basin in distal anchors with increasing the depth of them are considered 1.5 in height and stoned anchored wall is designed 2.5 m. the results are shown that the maximum amount of 25 years discharge in Kashafrud River is 2.6m/s. Across the river based on terraces in riparian and the erosional river studies in this river, four classes are determined. The area of river which erosion bank more than 50 percent is suggested the best site for implementation of geotextile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - Floristic study of Vark region in Khorramabad (Lorestan)
fatemeh pourfallahi Gholamhasan VeiskaramiAbstract The Vark region with an area of 2000 hectares is located at SW of Khorramabad, the lowest and the highest of its height are 1190 and 1990 meters. Flora of this region includes 254 plant species that belong to 156 genera and 49 families. the important families MoreAbstract The Vark region with an area of 2000 hectares is located at SW of Khorramabad, the lowest and the highest of its height are 1190 and 1990 meters. Flora of this region includes 254 plant species that belong to 156 genera and 49 families. the important families are Fabaceae and Lamiaceae , with 33 and 27 plant species respectively. Therophytes 47% , Geophytes 26% , Chamaephytes 12%, Hemichryptophytes 10% and Phanerophytes 5% and were the most important structure groups of the local biological spectrum according to Raunkaiaer method from the view point regional elements plants of this region include: 43% Irano – Touranean , 23% Mediterranean and Irano-Touranean،17% Mediterranean and Irano-Touranean and Europe – Siberean and 5% Cosmopolitan. The aim of this research was identify plant species in vark region of Khorramabad. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
529 - Effects of different organic fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Melissa officinalis L. under Glomus mosseae mycorrhizal symbiosis
Mostafa Koozehgar kaleji Mohammad Reza ArdakaniIn order to evaluate the effect of organic and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Melissa officinalis L. a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 replications in the form of open air pot co MoreIn order to evaluate the effect of organic and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Melissa officinalis L. a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 4 replications in the form of open air pot conditions in Sari, in 2015. The factors examined included Mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae) (0 and10% of the pot volume), vermicompost (0 and 10% the pot volume), and compost tea (0 and 1.5 liter). Some characteristics such as number of flower, nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium contents of aerial parts. Results showed that application of organic and mycorrhizal fertilizers had a significant impact on all measured characteristics and increased the number of flowers and fresh weight when compared with those of the control group so that the highest nitrogen concentration and the stem diameter were obtained from the combined mycorrhizal symbiosis, compost tea, and vermicomposting treatment. The triple interaction effects showed that the absence of vermicompost with compost tea, and mycorrhizal symbiosis treatments increased the fresh weight compared to the control. Results also indicated that using vermicomposting, compost tea, and mycorrhizal symbiosis through the availability of nutrients increased the yield and improved qualitative and quantitative characteristics of Melissa officinalis L.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - Effect of Vermicompost and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Morphological Traits, Percentage and Essential Oil Yield of Melissa Officinalis
hossein rezvani nastaran hemmatiIn order to study the effect of organic (vermicompost) and chemical (nitrogen) fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative yield of Melissa Officinalis, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block Design (RCBD) with three replications in MoreIn order to study the effect of organic (vermicompost) and chemical (nitrogen) fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative yield of Melissa Officinalis, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block Design (RCBD) with three replications in the Research Field of Golestan Research and Training Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Experimental factors included vermicompost at four levels (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 tons ha-1) and urea fertilizer with 46% nitrogen at four levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). Results showed that vermicompost had a significant effect on morphological characteristics and percentage of essential oil of Melissa Officinalis. The highest plant height, number of branches, leaf length and width, fresh weight, dry weight, and percentage of essential oil was obtained in application of 7.5 ton/ha vermicompost. Also, there was a significant difference between different levels of urea fertilizer so that the percentage of essential oil significantly increased when the fertilizer was applied. The highest amount of essential oil (0.49%) was obtained in simultaneous application of vermicompost (7.5 tons ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg ha-1) which was 38% higher than control. In general, the results showed that application of vermicompost with nitrogen increases shoot growth and dry matter production, ultimately increases the yield quantity, and significantly improves the yield of Melissa Officinalis essential oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - Effect of adding perlite in soil on some growth and physiology characteristics of Queues castanifolia seedlings under water deficit stress
zohreh zoghi Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Masoud Tabari Kouchaksaraei Yahya KoochDraught stress is the most important abiotic stress significantly affecting plants’ growth, development, and performance. This study was carried out to determine the effect of perlite, as a modifying element of soil, on growth and physiological responses of Queues MoreDraught stress is the most important abiotic stress significantly affecting plants’ growth, development, and performance. This study was carried out to determine the effect of perlite, as a modifying element of soil, on growth and physiological responses of Queues castanifolia seedlings under water deficit stress. A factorial experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design under greenhouse condition of the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in Gorgan, 2015. Perlite treatments at 4 levels (0, 15, , and 35% (V/V)) were added in soil and water stress at 3 levels (40, 70, and 100% irrigation at field capacity) were applied in the pot experiment for 5 months. Some parameters including gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conduction, and transpiration), leaf water potential of seedlings, diameter and height growth, and dry weight of root, stem, leaf, and seedlings were measured in different treatments at the end of the experiment period. Results showed that all parameters were affected by different levels of irrigation and perlite. Water deficit by 40% FC reduced 51% and 68% of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, respectively. The highest diameter and height growth and dry weight of the seedlings were observed in 25% and 35% (V/V) perlite application under normal and stress conditions, respectively. The use of perlite alleviated the negative effects of water deficit and ameliorated seedling growth. The findings suggest that perlite application in soil is suitable for the production of desirable seedlings under water deficit condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - Investigation of antioxidant activity and application of HPLC technique for analysis of phenolic compounds of Amygdalus haussknechtii leaf extract
Ali Asghar Hatamnia Rabie SharifiThis study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant act MoreThis study was conducted to investigate antioxidant compounds contents and antioxidant activity of three Amygdalus haussknechtii genotypes in the natural habitat of Ilam Province. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin–Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity was estimated by two methods, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl) and nitric oxide radical scavenging. High- performance chromatography was used for quantitative estimation of the phenolic compounds. Results showed that antioxidant activity of leaf extract of H3 genotype was significantly higher than that of H1 and H2 genotypes. The high antioxidant activity can be attributed to higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, so that high correlation coefficient was observed between total phenolic content and DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging, R = 0.902 and R= 0.806, respectively. Analyzing the phenolic compounds by HPLC method indicated that catechin, sinapic acid, quercetin, and apigenin were found in H3 genotype. Also, apigenin compound was observe in all three investigated genotypes. Generally, the results suggested that leaf extract of H3 genotype with high phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity can be presented as a source of natural antioxidant and used in pharmaceutical industries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - The effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on sterilization, establishment, and proliferation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.)
Ehsan Soraya Gholamreza Gohari Alireza Motallebi Azar Saeedeh Alizadeh SaletehPlant tissue culture is one of the most important techniques for the production of secondary metabolites. Plant cells are an important and appropriate source for the production of various valuable secondary metabolites. Melissa officinalis L. is an important medicinal p MorePlant tissue culture is one of the most important techniques for the production of secondary metabolites. Plant cells are an important and appropriate source for the production of various valuable secondary metabolites. Melissa officinalis L. is an important medicinal plant with applications in treatment and alleviation of heart, nervous system, and gastrointestinal diseases, and particularly in memory enhancement and Alzheimer. This study investigated the effect of various concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg l-1) on disinfection stages, establishment, and proliferation of the lemon balm. Also, in order to study the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on establishment and proliferation of the lemon balm, explants were cultivated in murashige and skoog media containing zinc oxide nanoparticles at four different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg L-1). Results showed that application of 200 mg l-1 zinc oxide nanoparticles significantly reduced fungal and bacterial infections and the number of healthy plantlets was more compared to the other treatments. Also, the second experiment showed that with an increase in the concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles, the growth and proliferation decreased. Among different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles, 25 mg L-1 had the maximum effect with significant increase in chlorophyll content while 25 and 50 mg L-1 zinc oxide nanoparticle concentrations had the maximum effect on increasing carotenoid contents. According to the findings,خطای ترجمه application of zinc oxide nanoparticles at low concentration (25 mg L-1) improved water and mineral uptake and eventually resulted in an improved growth and proliferation of Melissa officinalis L. plants Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
534 - The effect of mycorrhiza fungus and different levels of humic acid and salicylic acid on physiological characteristics and essential oil content in three cultivars of Melissa Officinalis L.
Mehdi Hamzeh Mohamadabadi alireza ladanmoghadam Elham Danaee Vahid AbdossiThis study was performed to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza fungus and different levels of humic acid (zero, 200 and 400 mg/l) and salicylic acid (zero, 100 and 200 mg/l) on physiological characteristics and essential oil content in three cultivars Lemonella, Citro MoreThis study was performed to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza fungus and different levels of humic acid (zero, 200 and 400 mg/l) and salicylic acid (zero, 100 and 200 mg/l) on physiological characteristics and essential oil content in three cultivars Lemonella, Citronella and Varigated. Lemon balm (Melissa Officinalis L.) was implemented in 1397 in a greenhouse in northern Iran. The experiment was performed as a factorial in a completely randomized statistical design with 3 replications. Mycorrhiza and humic acid treatments were applied at the time of seed sowing and salicylic acid was sprayed in two stages (second and third weeks of pot cultivation). The results of this experiment showed that all treatments had a significant effect on the measured variables. The highest proline content was obtained in Citronella cultivar and control treatment and The highest phenol, carbohydrate, essential oil percentage in the treatment of mycorrhiza fungus+ humic acid 400 mg/l + salicylic acid 100 mg/l were obtained in Varigated, Citronella and Lemonella cultivars, respectively. Also the highest amount of flavonoids in the treatment of mycorrhiza fungus+ humic acid 400 mg/l + salicylic acid 200 mg/l in Citronella cultivar and the highest total antioxidant activity in the treatment of mycorrhiza fungus+ humic acid 200 mg/l + salicylic 200 mg/l in Lemonella cultivar was observed. In general, the results of this experiment showed that the application of mycorrhiza fungus with humic acid 400 mg/l and salicylic acid 100 mg/l in Lemonella, Citronella and Varigated cultivars improved the physiological characteristics and essential oil of Lemon balm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
535 - اثر غلظتهای مختلف سولفات منگنز بر روی برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی در گیاه آفتابگردان
سونیا ترابی رمضانعلی خاوری نژاد فرزانه نجفی -
Open Access Article
536 - معرفی لیست فلورستیک منطقه سر علی آباد گرگان - ایران
سید علی حسینی -
Open Access Article
537 - بررسی نقش گونههای پرستار (حامی) بر حفظ گونههای خوشخوراک مرتعی در عرصهها تحت سه مدیریت چرایی (چرای شدید، مناسب و قرق) در مراتع ییلاقی سرعلیآباد گرگان
ناصر مهاجر محمد حسن جوری محمد مهدوی نوید مهاجر -
Open Access Article
538 - Flora, life forms and chorotypes of plants in Khezr Abad, area (Orzank) Yazd province
Gh.R Bakhshi Khaniki, رزا Ghouchani,Khezr Abad area with 1146 hectares area is located in the west of dasht-e- Yazd – Ardakan and west and northwest of Yazd. This area has several water shed, that Orzanak is one of biggest them. The main object of this research is indentification of plant species an MoreKhezr Abad area with 1146 hectares area is located in the west of dasht-e- Yazd – Ardakan and west and northwest of Yazd. This area has several water shed, that Orzanak is one of biggest them. The main object of this research is indentification of plant species and introduction of the flora in Khezr Abad (Orzanak). For this purpose, plant samples were collected from different habitats, of the area in three growing seasons, spring, summer and autumn of 2004 year and the then were identified by different floras. The life forms of species were determined and the biological spectrum of he area was plotted. The position of the region was studied with respect to phytogeographical classification based on geographical data and references. From 103 identified plant species are 1gymnosperms, 86 dicotyledones and 16 monocotyledones. They belong to 30 families and 86 genera. The following families have the highest number of species: Asteraceae (%20.4), Poaceae (%12.6), Lamiaceae (%9.7), Fabaceae (%8.7) and Rosaceae (%7.8). Hemicryptophytes with 40 species (%38.8) and therophytes with 23 species (%22.3) are the most frequent life forms in the area. The distribution of 71 species (%68.9) is restricted to Irano-Turanian region, 29 species (%28.1) of them are endemics of Iran. Among of endemic species, two species Nepeta gloeocephala and Helichrysum davisianum are endemic of Yazd. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
539 - Comparative analysis of seed proteins in 10 cultivated genotypes (Amygdalus dulcis (L.) Miller) and 2 wild almonds (A. scoparia Spach & A. lycioides Spach) in Esfahan province
مهدی Yousefi,Seed protein analysis was performed among 10 cultivated genotypes (Amygdalus dulcis (L.) Miller genotypes: Moheb Ali, Safari, Yarollahi, Mamaei, Rabee, Kababi, Tageri, Hag Mirzaei, Talkheh and Azar) and 2 wild species of almond (Amygdalus scoparia Spach & A. lycioid MoreSeed protein analysis was performed among 10 cultivated genotypes (Amygdalus dulcis (L.) Miller genotypes: Moheb Ali, Safari, Yarollahi, Mamaei, Rabee, Kababi, Tageri, Hag Mirzaei, Talkheh and Azar) and 2 wild species of almond (Amygdalus scoparia Spach & A. lycioides Spach var. horrida (Spach) Browicz), from Esfahan province, in order to illustrate their interrelationships. All together, 18 protein bands were obtained, some of which were common in all species and cultivated genotypes. Some bands were occurred only in a single cultivated genotype or species, while, some others occurred in all local genotypes, but not in the wild species. The obtained data were analyzed through cluster analysis via UPGMA method and Euclidean distance coefficient, and through Principle Components Analysis (PCA). The results revealed that some local cultivated genotypes were similar, such as a close relationship was detected among the genotypes Safari, Yarollahi and Mamaei, as well as among Tageri, Hag Mirzaei and Kababi. Different patterns of protein bands were also observed between the genotypes and the wild species. As a result, the role of seed protein criteria in the genetic variations among studied genotypes and wild almond was discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
540 - Callus induction and essential oil composition of Dracocephalum moldaviaca L.
Syed Mehdi Razavi, Ali Reza Ghasemian Sonia Mosavi, Homa ArshneshinDracocephalum moldavica L. is an annual aromatic herb, belongs to Lamiaceae family and indigenous of central Asia. In the recent study, we focused on induction of callus tissue and identification of callus essential oil composition. After sterling with ethanol 70% and s MoreDracocephalum moldavica L. is an annual aromatic herb, belongs to Lamiaceae family and indigenous of central Asia. In the recent study, we focused on induction of callus tissue and identification of callus essential oil composition. After sterling with ethanol 70% and sodium hypochloride (1%), seeds of the plants were cultured in a Petri dishes line with MS medium. Seedling cotyledons were isolated and transferred to Petri dishes contained MS medium with different combinations of plant hormones, BAP and NAA. For callus formation, the Petri dishes incubated in a growth chamber at 25°C and certain photoperiod of 16/8h light/darkness with 2400 lux light intensity. The produced callus weight was measured for all of treatments for determining optimal hormonal combination. Essential oil compositions of the callus were obtained from the optimal combination by hydro distillation method (Clevenger type apparatus) and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results were showed that callus formation from cotyledons of Dracocephalum moldavica L. seedlings took place in a dose dependent manner of phyto hormones. The maximum Cali genesis was seen in MS medium supplemented with NAA (4 mg/l) and BAP (1.5 mg/l) and thymol (45.99%), decane (26.29%), hexa decanoic acid (7.08%) and dodecane (7.03%) were the main components of callus essential oil. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - Evaluation of phytochemical, cytotoxic, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of of Melissa officinalis L. from Marivan region
Morteza Yazdani fereshteh jookar kashi Zeinab Toluei Akram Rahimi-MoghaddamConsidering the adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants, antibiotics, and anti-cancer drugs on human health and increasing the antibiotic resistance of pathogens, it is a necessity to find safe alternative sources for these compounds. For this purpose, Melissa officin MoreConsidering the adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants, antibiotics, and anti-cancer drugs on human health and increasing the antibiotic resistance of pathogens, it is a necessity to find safe alternative sources for these compounds. For this purpose, Melissa officinalis L. was collected from Marivan, Kurdestan province, and its chemical compositions and bioactivities were determined. Aerial parts of self-sowing M. officinalis were harvested during the flowering stage at 1320 meters above the sea level in 2016 summer. Using solvent-free microwave extraction methodessential oil of M. Officinalis was obtained and their component was identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity of the essential oil were determined via β–carotene bleaching assay and brine shrimp lethality test, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated by agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrationdetermination against various types of standard and clinical microbial strains.Extraction yield of the essential oil was 1.18%, and the main componentswere geraniol (30.39%) and geranial (26.19%).Based on the results of β–carotene bleaching assay, inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation by the essential oil and BHT were 72.48% and 96.48%, respectively.Using the brine shrimp lethality test, LC50 of theessential oil and vincristine sulfate were obtained 62.76 μg/ml and 0.751 μg/ml, respectively.Thus, this study revealed that essential oil of M. officinalis had good antimicrobial activity against testedmicroorganisms, especially Gram-positive bacteria.In addition, it showed significant antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities, so it seems that essential oil of M. officinalis may have potential use as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants, antibiotics and anticancer drugs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
542 - Phytochemical changes of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Essential oil under different salinity stresses and application of humic and ascorbic acid
rasoul narimani Mohhamad Moghaddam Prof. Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbalouti Abstract Salinity is one of the most important ecological stresses which reduces productivity. Humic acid as an organic acid and ascorbate as a strong antioxidant can be effective in improving plant yield under salinity stress.In this study, to investigate the ef More Abstract Salinity is one of the most important ecological stresses which reduces productivity. Humic acid as an organic acid and ascorbate as a strong antioxidant can be effective in improving plant yield under salinity stress.In this study, to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid and humic acid on the amount and chemical constituents of essential oil (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) under salinity stress, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at research greenhouse of faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Treatments included salinity at four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM), humic acid and ascorbic acid at three levels (0, 100 and 200 mg / l).The aerial parts of plant in blooming were collected and were extracted by steam distillation method using Clevenger apparatus and its components were separated and identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The essential oil content decreased with increasing salinity stress and application of salt stress moderators (ascorbic acid and humic acid) improved this trait. So that at 150 mM salinityit reached to the lowest level (0.2%) and application of 200 mg / l humic acid increased 51.61% of essential oil compared to control. Most of the essential oil constituents in control treatment (no use of moderators and no salinity conditions) were geranial (36.65%), neral (31.94%), geraniol (15.56%), geranyl acetate (0.66), Trans- 4,2- heptadienal (1/25%), linalool (1.09%), pulegone (0.95%) and verbenol (0.4%) which included 99.5% of the essential oil components respectively by 36.65, 31.94, 15.56, 11.66, 1.25, 1.09, 0.95 and 0.4 percent. In different levels of salinity stress with 100 mg/l of humic acid treatment and application of salt stress moderators (100 and 200 mg/l ascorbic acid and 200 mg/l of humic acid) a large number of combinations was observed compared to control treatment. These includedalpha-pinene, beta-pinene, camphene, camphor, alpha-thujone, nerol and thymol. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
543 - Determine optimal conditions of synthesis of silver green nanoparticles by aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris edible- medicinal plant and evaluation of its antioxidant properties
Ghazaleh Kouchakzadeh Zeinab DelfanNowadays, the advent of nanotechnology and the synthesis of nanoparticles have brought many developments to humans, but this technology must be considered in terms of safety. Meanwhile, the synthesis of green nanoparticles has expanded due to more compatibility with the MoreNowadays, the advent of nanotechnology and the synthesis of nanoparticles have brought many developments to humans, but this technology must be considered in terms of safety. Meanwhile, the synthesis of green nanoparticles has expanded due to more compatibility with the environment and that they are low costs and non-toxic, because the plants have a very good ability for reducing the metal ions and synthesizing nanoparticles. In recent research, the optimum conditions for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. and its antioxidant effect were investigated. In this research, first aerial parts of plant were collected plains south of Khorramabad before the flowering stage in May and dried in shaid. After preparing the aqueous extract of plant by soaking, effective parameters of nanoparticles synthesis such as pH, AgNO3 concentration, extract concentration, temperature and time were evaluated. Optimal conditions of silver nanoparticles synthesis by plant are include pH=11, AgNO3 concentration= 8 mM, extract value= 4 cc, temperature= 40̊C and time= 120 minute. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by the techniques of UV-Vis, X ray diffraction and FT-IR. The study of the morphology of the resulting nanoparticles showed a spherical shape with a particle size of 16-29 nm. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of aqueous extract and synthesizing nanoparticle by conventional DPPH method were carried out. Maximum value of free radical inhibition at 12.5 μl/ml concentration of extract and nanoparticle compared to ascorbic acid was reported. Finally, it can be concluded that the presence of various chemical compounds that have caused the antioxidant activity of the extract expresses the extract and the resulting nanoparticles as a source of natural antioxidants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
544 - Phytochemical comparison of essential oils in five species of Stachys L. in Khorramabad agronomic conditions
Nazanin Razazi Ali Ashraf Jaffari Zahra Khoda Rahmpoor Shahab SadaStachys L. belonging to Lamiaceae family is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic herbs that is found in different regions of Iran. This research was aimed to compare the chemical composition of essential oils in five species of Stachys (S. lavandulifolia, S. MoreStachys L. belonging to Lamiaceae family is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic herbs that is found in different regions of Iran. This research was aimed to compare the chemical composition of essential oils in five species of Stachys (S. lavandulifolia, S. laxa, S. inflata, S. germanica and S. byzantina), so their seeds were planted and propagated in a research farm in Khorramabad in 2018. Plants were sampled at full flowering stage. The samples were dried and ground in the shade. Essential oil extraction was performed using Clevenger apparatus and water distillation method and their compositions were determined by GC and GC / MS. The essential oil compounds were detected using GC and GC/MS. The results showed that the highest and lowest essential oil yields (w/w) with average values of 2.0 and 0.8% were obtained in S. lavandulifolia and S. byzantina, respectively. The highest amount of α-pinene with values of 6.13 and 9.9%, and the highest amount of β-phellandrene with values 19.2% and 25.1%, were obtained in S. laxa and S. inflata, respectively. The highest amount of Linalool with values of 9.9 and 3.9% were observed in S. germanica and S. inflata, respectively. Similarly, the highest amount of caryophyllene with a value of 15.6% was obtained in S. laxa species. The amount of germacrene-D in S.byzantina, S.laxa, S. lavandulifolia and S.inflata was 33.8%, 4.4%, 3.1% and 2.7%, respectively. In S. lavandulifolia, the main compounds were Bicyclogermacrene (4.6%), δ-Cadinene (6.5%), Spathulenol (6.8%), δ-Cadinol (3.1%), α-Cadinol (8.7%), respectively. As a result, due to its wide distribution in Iran, this species is introduced as one of the important species of Stachysfor cultivation and domestication. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
545 - Investigation of antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in different media under hydroponic condition
elham farrokhi abbas samadi amir rahimiHydroponic culture has several advantages such as higher yield, product uniformity improvement, and better control of elements absorption than soil condition. The hydroponic is a method which organic or inorganic substrates are used for plant cultivation. In order to in MoreHydroponic culture has several advantages such as higher yield, product uniformity improvement, and better control of elements absorption than soil condition. The hydroponic is a method which organic or inorganic substrates are used for plant cultivation. In order to investigate the effect of different growing media on antioxidant properties of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), an experiment was done based on completely randomized design using 11 treatments with three replications at Experimental Greenhouse of Urmia University. Growing media tested were: perlite substrate with grads: <0.5, 0.5-1 ,1-1.5 ,1.5-2 and >2 mm as 100% and mixed grades of perlite with peat moss (50:50) and pure peat moss (100% V). The total phenolic content, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity were measured by using folin ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods respectively. The results showed that significant differences were observed the measured parameters in inorganic (perlite with different sizes), organic (peat most), and mixture of organic and inorganic substrates. The highest content of total phenol (0.63mg GAA/100g), total flavonoid (0.07 mg Q/100g), total anthocyanin (1.7 mg/gdw), superoxide radical scavenging activity (55.3%) and radical scavenging activity DPPH (67.8%) were observed in pure peat moss medium, while the lowest nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (67%) was in peat moss medium. In conclusion different culture media which possess different physical and chemical characteristics, can affect the plant antioxidant properties. According to the results, peat moss substrate increased the antioxidant properties of lemon balm compared to other culture media Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
546 - Evaluation of the effect of nutrition on the quantity and quality of Satureja khuzestanica Jamzad. essential oils in ecological conditions of Khorramabad
Shahla hmadi Fatemeh Sefidkon Bohloul Abbaszadeh Mahnaz FarhadiThis research was carried out to study the effects of chemical and biological fertilizers (manure and vermicompost), as well as their combinations on the quality and quantity of the essential oil content and composition of S. khuzestanica in Zagros Botanical Garden of A MoreThis research was carried out to study the effects of chemical and biological fertilizers (manure and vermicompost), as well as their combinations on the quality and quantity of the essential oil content and composition of S. khuzestanica in Zagros Botanical Garden of Agricultural and Natural Resource Research Center of Lorestan based on a complete random block design with 3 replications in 3 years, during 2016-2020. There were 24 plots of 3x3in the study, 100 cm away from each other, in which the plants were sown art a distance of 50 cm. The experimental treatments included 50 kg/ha of NPK (50, 25, 25), animal manure (30 and 60 tons/ha), vermicompost (5 tons/ha), and a combination of NPK combination and animal manure and vermicompost, all applied only once at the planting stage. During the flowering stage, shoots were harvested and their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. The essential oils were then analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the effects of year and interaction of year and fertilizer on the percentage of essential oil were significant at p≤0.05 and p≤0.01, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum essential oil percentage and oil yield in S. khuzistanica were 5.4% and 433 kg/ha with NPK + M60 treatment during the third year. Carvacrol (93.1-88.8, 96.0-89.6,94.9-88.8 percent) was the most important composition of the essential oil in all treatments and years of the experiment. In general, the nutritional treatments increased the amount of essential oil and carvacrol compared to the control, and during the three years of testing, the yield of dry weight and therefore essential oil increased. The results of this research indicated that the use of organic fertilizers alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers has a positive effect on improving the essential oil yields, and the use of integrated nutrition method for S. khuzestania is economic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
547 - بررسی فیتوشیمیایی اسانس گیاه Stachys inflata در رویشگاههای مختلف استان مازندران
مرجان علی بخشی سیده خدیجه مهدوی جلال محمودی حسن قلیچ نیا -
Open Access Article
548 - بررسی نیازهای اکولوژیکی، اتنوفارماکولوژیکی، ارزیابی فنل و فلاونوییدکل، آنتیاکسیدانی عصاره اندامهای مختلف گیاه دارویی Stachys inflata Benth. و تهیه طیف فلورستیک گیاهان کوهستان چهارباغ (شمال ایران)
معصومه مازندرانی امیر محمدی -
Open Access Article
549 - Optimum Strategy of the Environment Sustainable Development in Mahmoudabad City with SWOT Model and QSPM Matrix
مرتضی حیدری حسن اسماعیل زاده رضا کانونی کیومرث یارمرادیThe recent changes in growth and development of urbanism and the resulting physical development of cities have caused the emergence of numerous problems which not only threatens the citizens, but also the whole environment exposed to its resulting complications. Conside MoreThe recent changes in growth and development of urbanism and the resulting physical development of cities have caused the emergence of numerous problems which not only threatens the citizens, but also the whole environment exposed to its resulting complications. Considering the fact that most urban population growth in the future world will be in developing countries, there are more concerns in such countries for moving towards a sustainable development. Mahmoudabad, as a seaport in Mazandaran province, is faced with several environmental problems such as unauthorized sand extraction, existence of uncovered and odorous raceways with household waste joining them, vermin living in named raceways and etc. regarding this issue, the environmental sustainability of Mahmoudabad is examined in this paper. For this purpose the SWOT model is employed and also Questionnaire are filled out by three distinct groups including civilians, authorities and experts. The findings indicate that strategies with most urgent priorities for Mahmoudabad's urban environment sustainability include the strategies for correct locating of industries by experts, providing upgrades in facilities regarding urban planning in waste collection and prevention of environmental pollution, creating an integrated urban management in order to commence or completing drainage channels and replacing channels and raceways and completion of half-finished construction projects through the income from tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
550 - different geographical - spatial in Khoram abad,S districts
حامد عباسی زهره مریانجی احمد رضا امیدی نژادThe appearance & developing of injustice between districts is the function of internal &external factors of geographical and spatial structure that evolve cities in social, economic and management challenges. khoramabad city is center of lurestan province that i MoreThe appearance & developing of injustice between districts is the function of internal &external factors of geographical and spatial structure that evolve cities in social, economic and management challenges. khoramabad city is center of lurestan province that in last year's whit increment migration has a large of confliction districts symbols .Main goal in this research reconnaissance districts is in unsuitable situation and services until in urban planning take determine proportionate.In this research by using cluster models and other methods and also by using economic, social and environmental frame work induces fundamental services. khoramabad,s districts evaluated.The results show that 17 districts of khoramabad is in 4 homogeneous categories and in comparison to others 8 districts is in unsuitable situation and also results show that mean of numbers of districts is(150.9)and standard deviation is (32). The severity different between districts explanatory have inconsistency of geographical and spatial in khoramabad city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
551 - locating landfill in urban areas by Analysis Network Process(ANP)
Najmeh Vafadoost جواد میکانیکیIt is essential to ensure that environmental regulations are observed and that sustainable development goals are taken into account as well to prevent environmental pollution. The location of waste landfill sites and the achievement of sustainable development goals must MoreIt is essential to ensure that environmental regulations are observed and that sustainable development goals are taken into account as well to prevent environmental pollution. The location of waste landfill sites and the achievement of sustainable development goals must be supervised. The study area is Gonabad city in Khorasan Razavi province. It has three urban points (Gonabad-Kakhk-Bidokht) Which is burial of urban waste near two cities of Gonabad and Kakhk. The purpose of this research is to provide optimal and desirable locations for urban waste dumping in Gonabad city. The first stage of municipal waste management is their proper location. For this research, the most important indicators used for locating were: distance from water resources, vegetation, soil texture, elevation, gradient, distance from communication paths, distance from faults, and the distance from demographic points. Layers and data were weighed on the basis of ANP and using the GIS, suitable landfill locations for urban areas were identified. Then, the ANP model final map after the formation of the network and the calculation of weights were obtained by successive sum of standardized layers and the resulting map was classified in four zones (perfectly suitable, appropriate, relatively suitable and inappropriate). The method of research is based on the descriptive-analytical nature and based on the purpose of applied research. For collecting information, two methods of documentary and field-survey have been used. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
552 - Causes of Participation in Improvement and renewal of Urban Worn Texture (Case Study: Kheirabad Neighborhood in Birjand City)
pegah moridsadat Sajjad MohammadianThe worn and inefficient textures in cities are critical issues for sustainable urban development. Therefore, their renewal and improvement to achieve sustainable societies is emphasized. In this process, in addition to environmental-physical aspects, the socio-economic MoreThe worn and inefficient textures in cities are critical issues for sustainable urban development. Therefore, their renewal and improvement to achieve sustainable societies is emphasized. In this process, in addition to environmental-physical aspects, the socio-economic dimensions of the inhabitants of worn texture are considered. So, human factors and their participation in the improvement and renewal of these textures are very important and recognition of the participatory tendencies and factors affecting the promotion of their participation is essential. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting people's participation in the improvement and renovation of the worn texture of the Kheirabad neighborhood of Birjand city. This is a survey research by descriptive-analytical method and a questionnaire is used to data gathering. The population of the study was 1123 households living in Kheirabad neighborhood. Based on the Cochran formula, 163 households was calculated as sample size which selected randomly. The Mean and standard deviation used to describe the data. Data analyzing do by one sample T-test, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and path analysis. According to findings, respondents have the highest tendency to participate in decision making and have the least tendency to participate financially. The components of sense of belonging, trust and social solidarity, access to services, plans and supportive measures, institutional development and capacity building have an impact on the participation of people in the improvement and renewal of worn texture. Among these, the feeling of belonging to the place of residence is most influential (0.533). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
553 - Using Fuzzy Logic Functions in GIS for Site Selection of Urban Cemeteries
غلامعلی خمر وحید پاسبان عیسی لوGraveyards in Iran have long been one of the most important urban parts, since their uses have not only had a direct relationship with urban planning rules but they have also been under the influence of religious beliefs and customs of people, so organizing and locating MoreGraveyards in Iran have long been one of the most important urban parts, since their uses have not only had a direct relationship with urban planning rules but they have also been under the influence of religious beliefs and customs of people, so organizing and locating them also own certain sensitivities. In terms of the structural situation, the current cemeteries of Pars Abad city are not in good conditions. On the other hand, they lack a suitable burial capacity to meet the new demands of the urban dead. Therefore, this study aims has been attempted to optimize the sites around the city to build a new cemetery using Boolean logic and Fuzzy Logic in the form of GIS. In order to identify the most fundamental factors in determining the appropriate place for the urban cemeteries, the role and affectability of each of the above- mentioned factors in the site selection was determined. Then, using the fuzzy membership functions (Gaussian, large and linear), different maps were prepared based on the nature and role of these factors in site selection. Next, through designing the inference network and taking advantage of the Fuzzy Logic model and its operators (Prod, Sum, and gammas of 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9), the data combination was performed non- linearly. Ultimately, the most suitable sites obtained by the inference network were compared according to the degrees of membership and their distance to the defined boundaries. The results show deep differences between facilities and the desirable status quo site selection of the graveyards. In the end, several measures aimed at restoring the long-standing role of the urban graveyards in the structure of civil life and its attitudes’ changes towards its executive and research are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
554 - Investigating and analyzing the developmental level of rural areas with factor analysis method (Case Study: Vakil Abad village of Kerman Province)
Mohammad Sadeqh Oliaei Somayeh AziziRural areas as the smallest geographical unit and the differences in them, despite the homogeneity of rural development, can be studied. Rural development is one of the country's development programs, One of the pillars of comprehensive development and its integration i MoreRural areas as the smallest geographical unit and the differences in them, despite the homogeneity of rural development, can be studied. Rural development is one of the country's development programs, One of the pillars of comprehensive development and its integration is to eliminate the economic and social imbalances of the regions and In order to solve problems caused by regional imbalances, the first step is to recognize and level the regions in terms of development in different fields. Considering the discussed issues, the present study is conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach to investigate and analyze the development level of villages in Vakil Abad village using factor analysis method.The 44 indicators used in this study in three environmental, socio-cultural and economic dimensions, which have been reduced to 12 significant factors by factor analysis, are selected to emphasize all aspects of rural villages in Vakil Abad village.The method is quantitative and the sample size is determined by the Cochran formula 310. For analysis of Excel software, Spss, ArcGIS is used to draw maps. After analysis, the results show that there is a significant difference between the villages of Vakil Abad village and these villages can be ranked in three groups with high development level, moderate level of development and level Development is low. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
555 - Reviews of Social Perspective a Dysfunctional Urban Textures (Case Study:Nahzatabad Sector, Metropolis of Ahvaz)
behrouz shiri abbas maroofnezhadTexture of old inefficient and cities of the country, which in most cases constitute the first nucleus and its major cities.These tissues over time and lack of attention and proper maintenance, have been suffering from burnout and physical and functional degeneration.Th MoreTexture of old inefficient and cities of the country, which in most cases constitute the first nucleus and its major cities.These tissues over time and lack of attention and proper maintenance, have been suffering from burnout and physical and functional degeneration.The problems of these tissues are social and cultural,economic,physical,structural and environmental. Hence, this research is in the form of a metropolitan area of ahvaz metropolis(Nezat Abad sector of 4th region)Inefficient urban texture performance process in the framework of sociological approach,looking at organizing and urban regeneration based on social indicators is examined. The population of this study was calculated using cochran formula 360 and a questionnaire randomly distributed among the residents of movement Nehzat Abad. Then Spss software was used for statistical analysis of the questionnaires and based on single sample T-test.The results of the analysis showed that the component of empowerment of residents and increase their quality of life(Lack of satisfaction with community social security and lack of satisfaction with neighborhood facilities)has increased the ineffectiveness of tissue and has made residents reluctant to resuscitate them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
556 - The Analysis of Coordinating Urban Planning Programs of Khorramabad with Climatic Conditions Concerning Sustainable Urban Development
mehdi kakolvand Abbas MalekHoseiniOne of the most important challenges in contemporary cities is the identity crisis that is affected by the lack of sense of place, belonging to the place, and attachment to it. In this regard, new towns have been exposed to a lack of identity more than others due to les MoreOne of the most important challenges in contemporary cities is the identity crisis that is affected by the lack of sense of place, belonging to the place, and attachment to it. In this regard, new towns have been exposed to a lack of identity more than others due to less residential background. On the other hand, understanding and analyzing the effective factors of the sense of place in new towns have significant effects on solving the existing issues. For this reason, it is a must to study the current situation of new towns. So, this study aims to compare the sense of place among three new towns around Tehran, namely Pardis (phase 1), Parand (phase 2), and Andisheh (phase 3). The method of this qualitative study is descriptive-analytical based on documental studies and surveys. In this study, reviewing the literature shows that sense of place is a subjective concept that is derived from objective aspects. This sense depends on both individuals who percept it and the characteristics and situation of the place. The data (based on respondents who were residents of case studies by sampling) were analyzed using the TOPSIS technique. The results show that the sense of place in phase 3 in Andisheh new town is more than that in the two others that is because of the higher quality of the physical and spatial environment and also adaptation to standards and principles of urbanism. So, improving the physical and spatial qualities in new towns in particular in the field of various activities (mix land use) that are responding to the daily needs of residents, high quality of infrastructures such as roads, facilities, and equipment, considering to order, harmony and human scale of the space during planning and designing, making the spaces attractive for increasing the presence and high-quality urban furniture can increase a sense of place that leads to identity in these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
557 - The Assessment of Residents' Satisfaction with the Quality of Mehr Housing Complexes (A Case study of Nourabad )
Yaghob Abdali Mohammad Taghi Razavian ehsan alipoori Saman Nadizadeh ShorabehMehr housing scheme in 1386 as one of the key policies of the government was used for the development of construction and housing. Mehr housing scheme with the main feature of the reduction of housing prices and the largest national project in the sphere of housing is b MoreMehr housing scheme in 1386 as one of the key policies of the government was used for the development of construction and housing. Mehr housing scheme with the main feature of the reduction of housing prices and the largest national project in the sphere of housing is based on the constitution and the government's plan to provide housing for helping the target groups (low and middle income deciles). Despite the 10-year age of the Mehr housing project, the purposes for which it was intended, i.e., housing and challenging are the issues that have not been created in the project. The Mehr housing project has been the largest national housing due to its expansion and the new projects need to review the results of this experience too. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the satisfaction of residents of housing complexes of Nourabad in terms of access, quality of housing in the neighborhoods, strength and beauty, the noise level and the populated areas, as well as the basic facilities. The research method in the present study is descriptive - analytical and the necessary data were collected using documentary and scrolling through the distribution of questionnaires and interviews. The study population and sampling was restricted to the Nourabad housing residents due to the limitations of randomly selected samples. Of the 255 households residing in the city, 180 households have been questioned. The data analysis was performed using the SMART-PLS and SPSS software. The results showed that the satisfaction of the residents of housing in terms of access and the strength and beauty were at the average level of satisfaction while the quality of the neighborhood and the basic facilities were lower than the intermediate level. Also, there was a direct and positive correlation between the satisfaction of housing and its components. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
558 - Explaining and Analyzing the Stability of Community Spaces and Measuring the Effective Factors (A Case studyof Mahabad Family Park)
siamand maroofi qader bayzidiThe necessity of urban public spaces is undeniable as one of the main pillars of sustainable development in everyday life. Nevertheless, we are witnessing the lack of attention paid to urban planning and design criteria in urban development projects. In the meantime, th MoreThe necessity of urban public spaces is undeniable as one of the main pillars of sustainable development in everyday life. Nevertheless, we are witnessing the lack of attention paid to urban planning and design criteria in urban development projects. In the meantime, the park is one of the spheres that provides lodging for community visits, spending leisure time , citizens’ participation, and improving the city's social life. According to the present study which was carried out in the family park of Mahabad in 2018, using descriptive-analytical method and data gathering through a survey method, the stability of the understudy space based on indicators such as sustainability of the space, as well as the measurement was investigated. The most important factors affecting the promotion of sustainability in this space have been discussed. Measurement done by Cronbach's alpha test, reliability of the questionnaire, and the results of KMO and Bartlet tests confirmed the adequacy of the sample size as well as the internal and structural validity of the questionnaire. The results of statistical analysis indicate the unstable condition of space in all of the studied components (except in the components of socialization). Also, the results of structural equation modeling using PLS software showed that components related to comfort and mental image, which refer to comfort, tranquility, and physical and psychological security of space users, have the greatest impact on sustainability improvement in the understudy space. Therefore, in order to organize and strengthen the space, these categories of components will be prioritized and implemented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
559 - An Analysis of the Spatial- physical Development Pattern of Industrial Cities (A Case Study of Abadan)
sadegh besharatifar ghaderi Esmaeil Zahra Pishgahi FardThe results of the present study showed that according to the selective separation analysis index in 1360, the physical-spatial structure of Abadan was of the type of concentration with relative selective separation. The results of the t-test indicate that there is a si MoreThe results of the present study showed that according to the selective separation analysis index in 1360, the physical-spatial structure of Abadan was of the type of concentration with relative selective separation. The results of the t-test indicate that there is a significant difference between the areas related to the oil industry and other urban areas of Abadan in terms of the texture index. As the results derived from Moran's model showed, by creating more services, the oil industry was able to provide the basis for many dense constructions in its dependent localities compared to other localities and the basis for creating a kind of intense physical concentration and a concentrated and cluster growth pattern. But in 1390, many neighborhoods with a percentage of dense tissue appeared in the structure of the city, causing very dense neighborhoods to be scattered in terms of urban texture in Abadan, and the pattern of physical growth changed from concentrated and clustered in 1360 to a pattern of less concentration (scattered) and randomly change 1390. Also, the results of Pearson's correlation coefficient test show that there is no strong and significant relationship between the immigrants who entered the city and the number of oil industry workers, and the number of construction permits issued. Therefore, from 1360 to 1390, a factor such as the reconstruction of the city after the war, together with other physical-spatial changes, influenced the city's mode and expansion and pushed the city's growth pattern from a cluster to a scattered one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
560 - The Unstable Urban Locations against Earthquake (A Case Study: Worn-out Texture of Khorramabad)
Saeed Aman pour mohamad ali firuzi mohamad hosin shakarami Iran is frequently faced with earthquakes due to its location on the earthquake-prone belt of the world. Consequently, the city of Khorramabad is no exception to this rule and due to the existence of major and active faults in the region is in the high seismic haz More Iran is frequently faced with earthquakes due to its location on the earthquake-prone belt of the world. Consequently, the city of Khorramabad is no exception to this rule and due to the existence of major and active faults in the region is in the high seismic hazard zone. Lack of roads, weak infrastructure, has changed the areas vulnerable to natural and man-made accidents.The main objective of this study was to investigate and analyze the elements influencing the rate of instability of worn-out tissues in order to increase the safety of the tissues to enhance the conditions of residence and its sustainable development. The nature of research is theoretical-applied and the type of study is a descriptive-analytical one. Therefore, in this study, the degree of vulnerability and instability of the worn-out tissue of Khorramabad against earthquakes has been investigated and with a holistic view of social, economic, physical indicators, emergency services, and seismicity. The AHP model has been used and the degree of instability of these indicators has been prioritized and analyzed. The results show that in most of the studied indicators, especially in the field of physical indicators such as occupancy level, part size, building materials, building age, access status, access to emergency services, the worn-out tissue of Khorramabad is vulnerable and unstable and does not have the necessary efficiency against a possible crisis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
561 - Developing a Strategy to Improve the Economy of Border Cities Using the SWOT Model (A Case Study of Qasr Shirin)
ehsan mahdavi bijan rahmaniBorder security is of particular importance in all countries. This has a more colorful role in Kermanshah province with a long border with Iraq. Meanwhile, Qasr Shirin with more than 180 kilometers of border with Iraq and two active borders; the market border of Parviz MoreBorder security is of particular importance in all countries. This has a more colorful role in Kermanshah province with a long border with Iraq. Meanwhile, Qasr Shirin with more than 180 kilometers of border with Iraq and two active borders; the market border of Parviz Khan and Khosravi official border and connection with the two regions of Kurdistan in Iraq and the central government is of special importance. Border exchange is one of the main factors in the growth, development, and economic life of border cities, which can play a major role in the development of the region. In this research, the SWOT model has been used to create a matrix and analysis, and to score the variables used from the perspective of experts. The obtained results showed that weaknesses outweigh strengths and threats outweigh opportunities and strategies should be tailored accordingly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
562 - Evaluation of the dimensions and components of the ecological city in Mahabad
omid mobaraki Ali Valigholizadeh yones bapiriThe aim of this research is to evaluate the dimensions and components of the ecological city in Mahabad. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection was through library, documentary and field studies. The components of the rese MoreThe aim of this research is to evaluate the dimensions and components of the ecological city in Mahabad. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. Data collection was through library, documentary and field studies. The components of the research, adapted from reliable sources, include environmental, socio-cultural, physical and managerial issues. To analyze the data, SPSS software and sample t-tech statistical tests and step-by-step regression are used, as well as SWAT method is used to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of Mahabad city. The research results show; in the sample T-Tech test, the average of social (3.32) and environmental (3.18) components were higher than the average (3), but they did not reach the optimal level, and the average of management components was (2.05). ) and body with (2.11) were below average. Therefore, in the city of Mahabad, more attention should be paid to the administrative and physical components. Also, the regression analysis shows that socio-cultural, managerial, physical and environmental components are correlated with the intensity of 808/848, 853/848 respectively; and 856/ show their effect on the dependent variable (ecological condition of Mahabad city). The results of the SWOT model show that the best strategies are aggressive and conservative strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
563 - Pattern of a Spread Physical - Spatial Town through Shannon Entropy Model (Case study: Serish Abad Town)
Amir Rahmani Mohammad RahmaniThe Physical Growth and Development Pattern of the town as spatial pattern of activities in the particular period of time is defined and is addressed both as spread horizontally and compact town pattern of development. Understanding pattern of town physical development MoreThe Physical Growth and Development Pattern of the town as spatial pattern of activities in the particular period of time is defined and is addressed both as spread horizontally and compact town pattern of development. Understanding pattern of town physical development in order to steer it to sustained urban development is essential. Therefore, the main issue in the effort to stop the misuse of the land is Land Use or Land Use Policies of the major cities; hence, is sparse growth or population growth the dominant force? On the other hand, in the recent decades, urban growth plan was unscheduled, and urban areas in a short time came several times of its original size, this problem has been known as urban pattern of horizontal spread and the source of many problems in cities in developing countries has been this variable. In recent years the growth of Serish Abad town has been uneven and sporadic. The researchers in this study have used the Shannon entropy models to analyze how the development of this town has happened. With respect to the methodology, the analysis consisted of a comparative study of documents for review. The results show that during 2011-2016 Serish Abad town has grown and was developed in the scattered growing disproportion pattern (Sprawl); while, the intensive growth pattern (vertical) as a model for future development of town, with consideration of other uses with residential uses, a low-density residential complexes, is addressed and recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
564 - An Evaluation of Reduction and Revitalization Solutions in the old Texture of Yazd Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) (Case Study: Sheshbadgir quarter)
Mohsen Kalantari Aboozar BakhshiThis study focuses on the views of residents of Sheshbadgir quarter in the old texture of Yazd and their institutional capacities and social enhances, promoting economic and financial capacity. The components (factors) and functional changes and requirements MoreThis study focuses on the views of residents of Sheshbadgir quarter in the old texture of Yazd and their institutional capacities and social enhances, promoting economic and financial capacity. The components (factors) and functional changes and requirements for service deficiency, and network access improvement are the main focuses of the study. This research is applied research where the evaluation methods are description-analysis and survey in nature and is based on creating an understanding of the current situation. The research is set in place to improve and promote the components of social, economic, functional and physical elements in Sheshbadgir quarter in the old texture of Yazd through identifying the main challenges and prioritizing(Rating) them to revive and to promote the level of this quarter. Based on the results, the weight of the five indexes of, functional, physical, social, economic and network traffic were orderly: 0.513, 0.261, 0.129, 0.063 and 0.033. based on the output of the utilized software. Therefore, we can conclude that the effectiveness of functional element to revive the this texture was more than others. Also, the criteria of ‘residents stay time’ in terms of social indicators with a mean weight of 0.318, the "Household economy" in terms of economic indicators with a mean weight of 0.394, the buildings Skeleton in physical index with a mean weight of 0.328, the “Criteria of land use” in the form of performance indicators with a mean weight of 0.637 and the criteria of “Quarter access widening “in the form of network traffic index with a mean weight of 0.565, were most effective among others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
565 - The levels of Sustainability in urban districts (Case study: Mahabad)
Ali Movahed Nemat KordehSustainable urban development, a large-scale and complex ideas that affect the growth and development of cities, economic, social, environment-focused on environmental and ecological development. What is important today is the awareness of the strengths and weaknesses o MoreSustainable urban development, a large-scale and complex ideas that affect the growth and development of cities, economic, social, environment-focused on environmental and ecological development. What is important today is the awareness of the strengths and weaknesses of the social, economic, environmental-environmental and ecological development. The present study examined Mahabad’s municipality districts and neighborhoods, based on indicators of social, economic, environmental, and physical services to identify the community's level of sustainability. This research with regard to its type is applied research and, with respect to the method deployed, it is descriptive research. The model was analyzed utilizing the ELECTRE and AHP and Expert Choice software and Arc GIS in order to determine the stable neighborhoods. The overall results indicate that the studied districts of Mahabad were clearly ranked upon the characteristics under investigation. These municipality areas are ranked and explained in further details in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
566 - A Comparative Study of Strengthening Strategies in Dilapidated Cities (Case Study: the Neighborhoods of Barband and Phase One- City Firoozabad)
Ali Shakoor Ali Shamsoddini Masoomeh Hafez Rezazadeh Sara PakzadPresently, the dynamic system of cities constantly change and transform. The result is the dilapidated structure of the city. This tissue of the old Nuclear cities has not been reviewed across the time and has suffered from exhaustion and lack of effic MorePresently, the dynamic system of cities constantly change and transform. The result is the dilapidated structure of the city. This tissue of the old Nuclear cities has not been reviewed across the time and has suffered from exhaustion and lack of efficiency. However, some of them have been built in the recent period without observing regulations and City Planning regulations. Now facing with many issues and creating problems to the other places of the city which are also transferring, these places need a further attention . The present research is intended to investigate strengthening the old city districts. Firouz Abad city is the focus of the research in which the two districts of Barband and Phaz-e- Yek( phase one) are chosen as the dilapidated and restructured areas , respectively. The method of inquiry is based on the goal and the level of practicality and is based on the nature of the research which is a descriptive method. Information was collected through library resources an annotated sources using the question letter Interview. An analysis of comparative information was conducted after the track in the quarters and then the dimensions of social quarters, Economic and skeletal structures were all determined. The results show that with regard to the conditions in the districts studied, the residents asked in the field showed improvement indicators of their life. Furthermore, they showed feeling responsibility for problems in the neighborhood; meaningful difference were not observed between the feeling of the residents of the two areas for improving their areas with respect to the indicators investigated in the present research. On the other hand, skeletal Analysis shows solutions provided by the efficient services offered by the municipality have led to improvements as well as a high level of interest and enthusiasm in participating for providing solutions to the problems Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
567 - Assessing effective factors on the progress of construction project in korramabad city with emphasis on the functions of the components of the civil management
Hekmat amiri nemat shakarami Mohsen kmandariPerformance of projects of civil development and adaptable performance of civil projects which contain all aspects of civil life and satisfies the citizens’ needs with ever-increasing urban and development of cities is an inevitable necessity. In urban projects, l MorePerformance of projects of civil development and adaptable performance of civil projects which contain all aspects of civil life and satisfies the citizens’ needs with ever-increasing urban and development of cities is an inevitable necessity. In urban projects, like the other projects, the success of the project and all its agents of satisfaction may be the most important issue in project management .The nature of this research, the evaluation of the urban management roles in Khorramabad in the implementation of projects, is descriptive research along with analytical methods. The data and information was collected from library resources through a questionnaire and hundred twenty subjects were consulted from the statistical community of Khorramabad managers .Cochrane formula is used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and AHP analysis model. Results achieved showed that among the most effective factors, the support from the managers occupies the first position and timing was recognized as the last effective factor. Furthermore, there were fifteen sub-categories among which participation and leadership were recognized as the most important and delays and managers education were the least important sub-categories among the effective factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
568 - The Role of Urban Management in Moderating Fluctuations KHORRAMABAD City Bioclimatic Comfort on Climate Change Conditions
Mehran Lashani zand Behrouz Parvane Farzaneh OmidimehrToday, the urban management has been changed. The cities they manage for the comfort and welfare of the citizens. Considering in the climate change process interfere many climatic elements its erected that following any quantify and quality change in elements also influ MoreToday, the urban management has been changed. The cities they manage for the comfort and welfare of the citizens. Considering in the climate change process interfere many climatic elements its erected that following any quantify and quality change in elements also influenced humans bioclimatic convenience. Neverless in this study using climatic variables of rain full temperature and relative moisture of synoptic station from khorramabad city in during one statically period for fifty years (1340-1389) probability occurrence of climatic change studied in this city. In following evaluations direction its effects on climate of regions convenience using bioclimatic Terjung model desirable months for human physiological convenience defined in five period of the years and linear procedure these changes for next ten years that is Contemporaneous with 1399 is expected in Minitab software environment. Results obtained this research shows that in during recently decades in region under studied elements of temperature and rainfall elements have fallen but relative moisture variable have risen. Also bioclimatic of khorramabad city has under wen changes in recently decades such in during year have whether extremely hot to cold. In the first to forth period under studied in year six months have physiological conditions very cold and mean while that in fifth decades has changed to seven months. according predictions done in the Khorramabad city , were the two result , The first result is next decade, the warm months are favorable conditions for the comfort and convenience of human physiology, Second the result months of pleasant in the next decade will be reduced from three months to two months. Urban management role in moderating fluctuations the comfort zone of Khorramabad city in the next decade especially will be found a special place in the management of urban green spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
569 - پیشبینی سرمای دیررس بهاره با استفاده از شبکهی عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه (MLP) و تاثیر آن در حمل و نقل شهر خرمآباد
Saeid Taghavi Haniyeh Omidzadeh -
Open Access Article
570 - Assessment of distribution and quality of parks in Anbarabad city with Vikor model
Hossin Yaghfoori Aboozar Paidar Amirarsalan Sanjari Parks “as physical elements” have dominant roles in context of realization of recreational function in urban spaces. Realization of this function depends on two basic factors:“optimum distribution” and “ More Parks “as physical elements” have dominant roles in context of realization of recreational function in urban spaces. Realization of this function depends on two basic factors:“optimum distribution” and “function diversity”. Aim of this research is assessment of distribution and quality of parks among citizen of Anbarabad city. In this study, field observation and review, referring to statistics and information in master plan of Anbarabad are methods for data gathering. For a suitable rating, and the factual affect of each index, the weighting method of paired comparisons(AHP)has been used. For the data analysis Vikor model technique was used. The findings showed: the per capita for the park in Anbarabad city (4.4 square) in comparison with national & international standards is very low, and the parks distributed is unsuitable. The findings of Vikor model showed the best of parks in Anbarabad city are: laleh, shahrake-e- emam, mokhtarabad, abasabad. Ziarat, hossinabad, and abassabad have unsuitable quality. Assessment of indexes showed that Laleh park has the best development indexes among others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
571 - Metadiscourse Markers in Quantitative and Qualitative Applied Linguistics Research Articles' Discussions: A Comparative Study
Marzieh Bagherkazemi Milad Moradpour Moghadam Vajargahi S. Sadat Javadi -
Open Access Article
572 - The mediating role of leader-member exchange and organizational identification in the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational cynicism
marzieh heydari leila sharifiThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of leader-member exchange and organizational identification in the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational cynicism of school teachers in Abadeh. This research is descriptive and correlationa MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of leader-member exchange and organizational identification in the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational cynicism of school teachers in Abadeh. This research is descriptive and correlational in terms of applied purpose, research method and the statistical population of this research consists of school teachers in Abadeh, whose number is equal to 1274 people. To select the sample size using the Cochran's formula, a sample of 295 people was selected by stratified random proportion or volume. To measure organizational cynicism from Kalagan Questionnaire (2009); Organizational identification (Boyle et al., 2019); Emadifar ethical Leadership (2009); Leadership member exchange (Ebrahimkhah, 2014) was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its composite reliability and validity were evaluated by construct and content validity. The research hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling technique. The results showed that ethical leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational cynicism. Leader exchange and organizational identification also mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational cynicism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
573 - The sociological context of Yathrib on the eve of the emigration of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH)
ramin alizade mahdi goljan mahdi ansariAmong the cities of the Arabian Peninsula, Yathrib has a good living situation compared to other cities due to its favorable geographical conditions. However, the rivalry between the Jews and the Aws and Khazraj on the one hand and the internal challenges between the Aw MoreAmong the cities of the Arabian Peninsula, Yathrib has a good living situation compared to other cities due to its favorable geographical conditions. However, the rivalry between the Jews and the Aws and Khazraj on the one hand and the internal challenges between the Aws and the Khazraj on the other, had faced the people of this land with deep intellectual, cultural and political challenges. To be able to save them from the current situation was one of the aspirations of both groups. The central question of the present study is what internal factors led to the invitation of the people of Yathrib from the Prophet to emigrate to this city? The hypothesis is that the political challenges to gaining the presidency and awareness of the people of Yathrib through the news of the Jewish people from the resurrection of the Prophet were among the reasons for inviting the people of Yathrib to the Messenger of God. The present study is based on library resources and descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
574 - A study of the personality and performance of Qais ibn Sa'd ibn Ibadah Ansari
ramin alizadeh mehdi goljan Mahdi AnsariQais ibn Sa'd ibn Ibadah Ansari is one of the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) (and one of the companions of Imam Ali) (AS) and Imam Hassan. No date has been mentioned for his birth; He was a teenager and had honors during the time of the Prophet, such as: the servant o MoreQais ibn Sa'd ibn Ibadah Ansari is one of the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) (and one of the companions of Imam Ali) (AS) and Imam Hassan. No date has been mentioned for his birth; He was a teenager and had honors during the time of the Prophet, such as: the servant of the Prophet, the head of law enforcement and the bearer of the Ansar flag in some battles, which shows his closeness and companionship with the Prophet during the caliphate of Imam Ali (AS). , Is one of the first people who pledged allegiance to him and was one of the companions of the Imam in the battles of Jaml, Safin and Nahrawan. He held various positions in the period of Imam Ali (AS). Finally, after the peace of Imam Hassan (AS), he settled in Medina and died at the end of Mu'awiyah's rule. The period of Imam Ali (as) and after him has been studied. Studies have shown that Qais and his family were among the main pillars of Islam during the time of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and After his death and during the time of Imam Ali (as), he showed great courage and efforts in strengthening Islam and remained true to his covenant until the end. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
575 - The Effect of Sensualism on Mirza Muhammad Amin Astarabadi’s Thought.
Nadia Hadavand Mirzaei Sayed Alireza Abtahi Forooshani Feizollah Boushasb GooshehIn the 11th century AH, Mirza Mohammad Amin Astarabadi (1031 AH) revived the Akhbari school in the manner of the early scholars, the group of hadith (anti-rationalism) by publishing the book "Favaed Al Madineh". According to Ayatollah Motahari who did mention in his boo MoreIn the 11th century AH, Mirza Mohammad Amin Astarabadi (1031 AH) revived the Akhbari school in the manner of the early scholars, the group of hadith (anti-rationalism) by publishing the book "Favaed Al Madineh". According to Ayatollah Motahari who did mention in his book "Islam and the Necessities of Time", Ayatollah Boroujerdi was just on the opinion that Mohammad Amin Astarabadi was influenced by Western sensory philosophy in his thoughts. The important question here which we try to discuss is How Western sensory philosophy could Impact on Mirza Mohammad Amin Astarabadi. Answering to this question we will examine in a historical way and in a descriptive-analytical route based on the available reliable sources It appears; Mirza Mohammad Amin Astarabadi has reached such a belief because of the Safavid state's relations with European countries and followed the creation of a social wave directly and indirectly and under the influence of the existing atmosphere Due to the remarkable convergence of Mirza Mohammad Amin Astarabadi's thoughts combined with sensory thinking in European philosophy and also attacking of both currents on rationalism and his contemporaneity with Francis Bacon ( 1626 AH), it is possible that he got familiar with Western sensory philosophy while his residency years in Mecca. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
576 - Renewal of competition between Osuli and Akhbari at the beginning of the Qajar period
Elham Amiri Gholamhossein Zargarinejad Sina ForoozeshRenewal of competition between Usuliyan and akhbarians at the beginning of the Qajar periodAbstractDisagreement between the two schools of jurisprudence, Akhbari and Usuli, before the end of the 12th century AH, the series of challenges between the two schools in the 13 MoreRenewal of competition between Usuliyan and akhbarians at the beginning of the Qajar periodAbstractDisagreement between the two schools of jurisprudence, Akhbari and Usuli, before the end of the 12th century AH, the series of challenges between the two schools in the 13th century begins again. In this process, the relative and causal connections between the fundamentalist clerics led to the strengthening of the mujtahids and their unity against the views of the Akhbari clerics. With the advent of Mirza Mohammad Astarabadi (in the thirteenth century AH and during the Qajar period), a new round of intensification of the confrontation between akhbarian and fundamentalist scholars took place. discussions about both fundamentalist and akhbarian ideas in the Qajar period had various political and religious consequences, especially in the field of incitement related to the clerical apparatus in spreading the ideas of ijtihad and imitation, strengthening the institution of authority and influence of the clergy among the Tuido people and confronting The government, part of the fundamentalists clergy, appeared to enlightenment and new ideas and to welcome some manifestations of modernity. Political developments in the region, including the Iran-Russia wars, were the cause of rivalry between the fundamentalists and the Akhbaris. This article tries to follow the existing similarities between religious scholars about the causes of akhbarian tendencies among the clergy of the Qajar era and to examine the renewed competition between these two sects in the field of intra-organizational developments of the clergy.Keywords: Akhbari, Ijtihad, Astarabadi, Clergy, Qajar era Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
577 - Analytical analysis of the ideas of Ayatollah Lari and Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi in the Constitutional Revolution
mohammad Bidgoli asghar rajabi dehborzoeiIran's constitutional revolution was the beginning of a meaningful system and an important intellectual, conceptual, political and social transformation in the contemporary history of Iran, which over time led to transformations and the creation of various discourses. A MoreIran's constitutional revolution was the beginning of a meaningful system and an important intellectual, conceptual, political and social transformation in the contemporary history of Iran, which over time led to transformations and the creation of various discourses. Ayatollah Seyed Abdul Hossein Lari from the Sharia-oriented discourse and Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi from the religious modernism discourse both belong to the constitutionalist discourse. The question of the current research is the analytical analysis of the thoughts of Ayatollah Seyyed Abdul Hossein Lari and Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi about the constitution. The method used in this article is the conflict-centered discursive method of Michel Peshu, and by adopting a historical-analytical approach, it examines the opinions and thoughts of two great Shia clerics in the constitutional revolution. The findings of the article indicate that the confrontation of Ayatollah Seyyed Abdul Hossein Lari and Sheikh Hadi Najmabadi with the requirements of the new world and its issues, although it was done by relying on the element of rationality and using logical and reasonable reasoning, but their perception of this category of constitutionalism was different and of course had different consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
578 - کارکرد خشبات در دریا نوردیِ در خلیج فارس
محمدعلی جودکی -
Open Access Article
579 - تحلیلی بر فعالیت سپاه صلح کندی در ایران 1342 تا 1355 شمسی
دکتر ویدا همراز -
Open Access Article
580 - The role of the Ulema in religious reform between the 7th and 9th AHs, with emphasis on Ibn Taymiyya and Fazlullah Astarabadi, "Compared to the religious reform movement in the West"
Milad Parniyani Monireh Kazemi Vali Dinparast Manijeh SadriThe occurrence of special events between the 7th and the 9th century AH, by somescholars, is evidence of the development of a dissident and arrogant thinking, which insome cases can be adapted to the events of European history during the period ofreligious reformation. MoreThe occurrence of special events between the 7th and the 9th century AH, by somescholars, is evidence of the development of a dissident and arrogant thinking, which insome cases can be adapted to the events of European history during the period ofreligious reformation. The research goes on to ask: "What are the features of thedistinction and similarity of this socio-cultural phenomenon (especially during theIlkhani and Timurid periods) with its western model, and which causes of failure?"Research findings suggest that prejudice, lawlessness, sedition, and short-term thinkingin Iran have had a meaningful relationship with the inferiority of religious reform in thatland, and despite the efforts of some influential scholars such as Ibn Taymiyyah and FazlAllah Naimi has not come to an end. The research method in this study will be based ona deductive and adaptive analysis with a holistic view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
581 - Inflation Behavior of Tradable and Non-Tradable Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) Approach
javid bahrami Behnoosh sadat Aghayan esfandiar jahangardAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting Tradable and Non-tradable inflation. Accordingly, Dynamic stochastic General Equilibrium model was used during the period 1991 to 2016. The results of the Impulse Response Functions (IRF) indicate tha MoreAbstract The purpose of this paper is to study the factors affecting Tradable and Non-tradable inflation. Accordingly, Dynamic stochastic General Equilibrium model was used during the period 1991 to 2016. The results of the Impulse Response Functions (IRF) indicate that non-tradable inflation is more responsive as a result of shocks. Monetary shock has had the greatest impact on non-tradable inflation, while Exchange rate and monetary shock have the greatest impact on tradable inflation in terms of initial effect and durability respectively. Based on the results, policy makers' attention to the components of inflation is suggested when economic decisions are made. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
582 - Terms of livestock in the city of Sabzevar (the village of Doulat Abad)
zohre alah dadi dastjerdi morteza dolat abadiThe significance and validity of livestock in thehistory of Iran and its role in the economy and livelihood of the Iraniansociety provided a rich knowledge between generations of ranchers and farmers;especially in the sectors of "sheep and goats". The authors ofpresent MoreThe significance and validity of livestock in thehistory of Iran and its role in the economy and livelihood of the Iraniansociety provided a rich knowledge between generations of ranchers and farmers;especially in the sectors of "sheep and goats". The authors ofpresent article try to give an indication of the rich knowledge, which reflectssome degree of difference and diversity from region to region. Firstly, itbegan by limiting the study to an area (the village of Doulat Abad of Sabzevar)and then limiting the research to almost traditional livestock (almost lessaltered) work. In the second phase, they gained a lot of expressions byidentifying the inhabitants and residents of the village who had spent manyyears of their life in animal farming, and demanded and recorded their data andlivestock information; in turn, it led them to achieve the terms and other information;thus, research slowly took shape and its results revealed a broad range ofknowledge in various fields of animal farming, veterinary medicine,anthropology, economics, and languages Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
583 - An investigation on Middling Alif, Kaf Maksor and Fake Infinitive in Taybadi Dialect
Fazlollah KhodadadiThe ancient land of Iran has a long-lasting, extensive and rich folklore with many fields of study. One of these vast ones is the study of geographical dialects. One of the old Farsi dialects of Dari is the dialect of the border town of Taybad in the eastern part of the MoreThe ancient land of Iran has a long-lasting, extensive and rich folklore with many fields of study. One of these vast ones is the study of geographical dialects. One of the old Farsi dialects of Dari is the dialect of the border town of Taybad in the eastern part of the country and neighboring Afghanistan. The common dialects in the provinces of Khorasan, due to their antiquity, great poets, and the expanse of Farsi Persian influence, have unknown hints that can be productively explained in terms of culture, linguistics and categorization. Thus, the current research studies three aspects including: word constructions types with Kaf Maksor, adjectival infinitives, and increasing Middling Alif in the Taybad dialect. The results of the present research show that the texture of the terms exemplifies the multiple meanings of Kaf Maksor in multiple textures and constructions. Besides, there are also fake infinitives with the ability to form the present tense in this dialect which makes it special; and the Middling Alif between two similar words is used with the intention of increasing practicality or exaggeration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
584 - An introduction to phonetic and grammatical properties of Firoozabad’s dialects
abdolnabi salamiThe common collection of languages in Firoozabad area is the concoction of dialects and accents. In this paper, three types of languages belong to the dialect groups of Kohmareyee, Lori, and Ghashghayee as well as the kinds related to local Persian dialect regarding pho MoreThe common collection of languages in Firoozabad area is the concoction of dialects and accents. In this paper, three types of languages belong to the dialect groups of Kohmareyee, Lori, and Ghashghayee as well as the kinds related to local Persian dialect regarding phonetic and grammatical construction have been introduced and determined. In this dialect groups, the long vowels have produced in a way that the production place of short vowels have long duration. Kohmarayee dialect is one of the dialects, Dadenjani and Bayeghani, in which the past form of transitive verbs are argumentative and it is different with other Firoozabad’s dialects. The definite sign in Dadenjani, Bayeghani and Lordegani are: u/ow, eku/aku and a/aku. Ghashghayee has no definite suffix. In the studied dialects, the adjective is the same as Persian except in superlative one Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
585 - Description of Verb in Firuzabadi Dialect
rooh angiz karachiThe Firuzabadi dialect is spoken by inhabitants of Firuzabad , a town located in Fars province. In this paper, the verb, structure, tense, conjugation, subjunctive, and imperative, etc. have been described and other subjects of this dialect need more investigations. Thi MoreThe Firuzabadi dialect is spoken by inhabitants of Firuzabad , a town located in Fars province. In this paper, the verb, structure, tense, conjugation, subjunctive, and imperative, etc. have been described and other subjects of this dialect need more investigations. This study has showed there are some differences in the verb (words, sound change, ending and affixation) between Firuzabadi and Persian dialects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
586 - and /e/ to /u/“A Study on Shifting the Vowels /e/ to /i/ in Present tense and Imperative verbs initiating with the morpheme /be/ in Abadani dialect” Depending on Optimality theory”
elkhas veisi fateme derisKhuzestani or Jonubi dialect known as Abadani dialect is one of the well-known Iranian dialects to which less research are dedicated. To this end, the present study aims at investigating, the shifting of vowels /e/ to /i/ and /e/ to /u/ respectiv MoreKhuzestani or Jonubi dialect known as Abadani dialect is one of the well-known Iranian dialects to which less research are dedicated. To this end, the present study aims at investigating, the shifting of vowels /e/ to /i/ and /e/ to /u/ respectively, via the progressive assimilation in imperative verbs with present tense initiating with /be/ in Abadani dialect. These phonological shifts do not occur in all speech events. The analysis of the collected data carried out descriptively within the theoretical framework of Optimality. The optimality tables explain why these processes do not occur in all cases, using the faithfulness and markedness constraints. The results have shown that the first consonant of the neighboring syllable after the morpheme /be/, determines the happening or blocking of the above mentioned transformation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
587 - The Application Three-phase to Single-phase Z-Source Matrix Converter in Wind Turbine
Vahid Asadirad Seyed Babak Mozafari Soodabeh Soleymani MorchehkhortiIn this paper a new idea of direct three-phase to single-phase Z-source matrix converter (impedance-source matrix converter) applicable in stand-alone wind turbine is introduced. In the direct Z-source matrix converter amplitude of output voltage and frequency regulatio MoreIn this paper a new idea of direct three-phase to single-phase Z-source matrix converter (impedance-source matrix converter) applicable in stand-alone wind turbine is introduced. In the direct Z-source matrix converter amplitude of output voltage and frequency regulation are of importance to control system. In wind turbines, input voltage and frequency are usually changing due to wind speed variation that these alterations could be easily regulated by means of a direct Z-source matrix converter. A scheme is also offered to control the proposed direct three-phase to single-phase Z-source matrix converter. the control strategy would be able to adjust the output voltage and frequency at desired value as well as producing low THD (total harmonic distortion) at the output voltage. The proposed structure and the control methodology are simulated using matlab simulink software and results are investigated and discussed to confirm the performance of the direct Z-source matrix converter in wind turbine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
588 - Apply a Mutation in Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm to Solve the Economic-Environmental Dispatch Problem of Integrated Power Plants Including Thermal and Wind
Mahdi Afroozeh Hamidreza Abdalmohammadi Mohammad-Esmaeil NazariIn this paper, a dynamic mutant version of the gray wolf optimization algorithm (MGWO) is proposed to solve the economic-environmental dispatch (E-ED) problem of a standard 40-unit power system with two wind farms. Thus, a comprehensive objective function of operating c MoreIn this paper, a dynamic mutant version of the gray wolf optimization algorithm (MGWO) is proposed to solve the economic-environmental dispatch (E-ED) problem of a standard 40-unit power system with two wind farms. Thus, a comprehensive objective function of operating costs is presented, which is a combination of wind energy costs, over-estimated penalty costs, under-estimated penalty costs, thermal unit costs and emission costs. Due to the random nature of wind speed, the power generated by wind turbines is unpredictable. Therefore, the Weibull probability distribution function has been used to model the wind farm power in this paper. The cost of operating a wind farm is considered probabilistic so that low-probability wind scenarios have less effect on the total operation cost. The simulations are performed in the form of three section and the optimization results are compared with several meta-heuristic algorithm results for validation. The results of the optimizations in all three scenarios and its comparison with other algorithms confirm the better performance and higher accuracy of the proposed MGWO algorithm than the original version of the gray wolf algorithm (GWO) as well as other algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
589 - Improving the dynamic stability of power grids including offshore wind farms and equipped with HVDC transmission system using adaptive neural controller
Abdolkhalegh Hamidi Jamal Beiza Taher Abedinzade Ali DaghighThe purpose of this paper is to improve the dynamic stability of power systems equipped with offshore wind farms and HVDC transmission lines. Since wind farms are affected by environmental factors and cannot have a constant production capacity, the effect of wind turbin MoreThe purpose of this paper is to improve the dynamic stability of power systems equipped with offshore wind farms and HVDC transmission lines. Since wind farms are affected by environmental factors and cannot have a constant production capacity, the effect of wind turbine and HVDC system on power oscillation mode is investigated and a suitable solution for selecting input-output signals and stabili­zing complementary controller design is proposed. In the proposed method, using the concepts of controllability, observability and decomposition of single values, the best path for the design of the complementary controller is selected among the input-output signals, then the stabilizer controller is designed based on neural networks and to improve frequency Stability-Voltage is used. The simulation results show that the proposed controller performs better than the classical controllers in terms of response speed, settling time, and voltage fluctuations in the presence of disturbances and confirms the performance of the selected control system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
590 - A New Control System for a Dual Stator-Winding Cage Rotor Induction Generator in Direct Grid Connected Condition with Maximum Power point tracking of Wind Turbine
Mohammad Reza Moradian Abolfazl Soltani MohammadiIn this research a new control system for MPPT in a grid connected three-phase squirrel cage induction wind turbo-generator is presented. This generator is consisted of two Isolated three-phase windings. The first winding is considered to provide the reactive power requ MoreIn this research a new control system for MPPT in a grid connected three-phase squirrel cage induction wind turbo-generator is presented. This generator is consisted of two Isolated three-phase windings. The first winding is considered to provide the reactive power required by the machine. Obviously, by a controlled feeding of the winding, the desired control goals in this research will be implemented. The second winding is introduced as the main output of the generator. The generator can produce electricity by constant frequency and independent of the axis rotation speed or load and deliver on its output. In addition to the intrinsic qualities above, in this research by designing the proper control system provides the possibility to use maximum wind energy at different speeds, besides that an arbitrary control over the amount of active power exchange between the generator and the grid is provided. For this purpose, feeding the stimulus winding is done by a controlled back-to-back convertor which itself is considered as the supplier of the reactive power of the machine and even the grid on the one hand and the path to the energy output turned from the generator to the load on the other. The proposed control system is simulated by a C++ computer program and the results show the capability and effectiveness of the proposed control method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
591 - Fast Frequency Support by Wind Farms Using Frequency Deviation Parameter and Rotor Torque Limit of Doubly Fed Induction Generator
Seyed Abdolrahman Ahmadnezhad Ramtin Sadeghi Bahador FaniConsidering the penetration of renewable energy sources and wind turbines in power systems, the importance of these sources in maintaining and helping to control the frequency to increase the rare frequency level will be very meaningful and necessary. This paper propose MoreConsidering the penetration of renewable energy sources and wind turbines in power systems, the importance of these sources in maintaining and helping to control the frequency to increase the rare frequency level will be very meaningful and necessary. This paper proposes a design for supporting the system frequency and eliminating the second drop in frequency as well as restoring the speed of the wind rotor turbine based on the double-fed induction generator (DFIG). In this design, as soon as the disturbance detected, the power reference increased intelligently and as a function of the two parameters of the system frequency, changes and the wind turbine rotor speed based on the torque limit. Then, through these two parameters, to force the rotor speed to converge to a stable operating range, the power reference reduced until the electrical power is less than the mechanical power in a gentle slope and not a step, and finally leads to a quick recovery of the rotor speed. Another advantage of proposed scheme is that the characteristic properties of MPPT maintained throughout the frequency support, which helps to better improve the frequency of the system in case of changes in wind speed. The proposed scheme simulated based on the test system in MATLAB software. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is able to improve the system frequency without causing a second dip and restore the rotor speed well and quickly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
592 - Optimal Design of a Hybrid Solar–Wind–Battery System using the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm for Minimization of the Loss of Power Supply Probability
Ronak Jahanshahi Bavandpour Hamid Ghadiri Hamed KhodadadiRenewable energy has been developed in recent years due to the limited sources of fossil fuels, their possibility of depletion, and the related environmental issues. The main challenges of these type of systems is reaching to the optimum size in order to have an afforda MoreRenewable energy has been developed in recent years due to the limited sources of fossil fuels, their possibility of depletion, and the related environmental issues. The main challenges of these type of systems is reaching to the optimum size in order to have an affordable system based on storing the solar and wind energy. In this paper, optimization of a solar-wind hybrid system is presented with a saving battery system for supplying a specific hourly load annually to minimize annual system expenses and the probability of Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP). Annual expenses of the system include initial investment, maintenance, and replacement costs. The purpose of optimization is to determine the numbers of solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, the height of the wind tower, and the angle of the solar panel toward solar radiation. For this issue, a new method named Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) is employed. Also, the effects of changes in inverter efficiency, load demand, and of maximum probability of LPSP on system designing are evaluated. Simulation results show that the efficiency reduction, load increase, and increasing the load and maximum reliability in the system in the form of reducing of LPSP lead to an increase in annual energy costs of systems. Furthermore, the results indicate the superiority of the GOA method toward particle swarm optimization (PSO) in reaching better target function and less cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
593 - Damping Controller Design in Offshore Wind Power Plants to Improve Power System Stability Using Fractional Order PID Controllers Based on Optimized Exchange Market Algorithm
Naser Taheri Hamed Orojlo Faramarz EbrahimiIn this paper, the design of damping supplementary controller in VSC HVDC transmission systems, which is the interface of Offshore Wind Power Plant (OWPP) with the main power system, is studied. First, it is shown that the speed-power curve in a wind turbine affects the MoreIn this paper, the design of damping supplementary controller in VSC HVDC transmission systems, which is the interface of Offshore Wind Power Plant (OWPP) with the main power system, is studied. First, it is shown that the speed-power curve in a wind turbine affects the damping of oscillation and electromechanical modes of the power system, and depending on the operating conditions of the turbine, the extent of this effect varies. Then, to improve the dynamic stability of the power system, the use of an optimized supplementary controller in the VSC HVDC system will be proposed. The proposed controller is added as an additional loop to the converter control circuits in VSC HVDC and will amplify the damping torque in the generators by correcting the damping coefficient of the system oscillation modes. In addition, a solution is provided to use the supplementary controller in the most optimal path, so that the most controllability on the oscillation modes and the least interference with other channels between the input-output signals are provided. To design the proposed controller, a fractional order PID controller will be used whose coefficients are adjusted through an optimized exchange market algorithm. The optimization of the algorithm is done by using mutation and crossover operators in the genetic algorithm with the aim of avoiding bats being trapped at local extremum. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper not only improves the dynamic stability of the power system but also strengthens the voltage profile. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
594 - Fault-Tolerant SVPWM Method for Multiple Open-Switch Faults in Six-Phase Wind Turbine Converter
Rouhollah Bolbolnia Karim AbbaszadehDue to the rapid growth of wind energy and its significant effect on the power grid, fault-tolerant in wind turbines is considered crucial to increase their reliability and availability levels. This paper presents a fault-tolerant technique for multiple open-switch faul MoreDue to the rapid growth of wind energy and its significant effect on the power grid, fault-tolerant in wind turbines is considered crucial to increase their reliability and availability levels. This paper presents a fault-tolerant technique for multiple open-switch faults in a six-phase AC-DC converter as the most vulnerable components of the wind turbine system. The proposed fault-tolerant technique uses the redundancy mode of six-phase space vectors in space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and changes the switching signals in fault sectors, replacing the desired space vector with another space vector to avoid creating an undesired space vector. The main advantage of this technique is that, without adding any legs, switches, or triode for alternating currents (TRIAC) to the converter circuit, and without the need for complex calculations, the open switch faults are tolerated and the value of overcurrent and total harmonic distortion (THD) caused by the open switch faults on the healthy and faulty phases are reduced. Finally, the proposed fault-tolerant technique is evaluated by MATLAB simulation and the results of this simulation show its effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
595 - Design and Implementation of a Local Blockchain-based Peer-to-Peer Energy Exchange Platform
Mohammad Reza Jabbarpour Alimohammad SaghiriIn recent years, attention to renewable energy and distributed generation has increased due to increased energy demand and environmental pollution. To this end, in the new power grid structure, consumers can also play a producer role. Considering that the number of pros MoreIn recent years, attention to renewable energy and distributed generation has increased due to increased energy demand and environmental pollution. To this end, in the new power grid structure, consumers can also play a producer role. Considering that the number of prosumers in this structure is much more than traditional power networks, the need for a secure, transparent, fast, scalable platform for energy exchanges has greatly increased. Blockchain technology can provide such a platform due to its unique properties. Although there are many blockchain-based platforms in different countries in enregy field, but in Iran there is no such platform. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to design and implement a local pilot platform for peer-to-peer blockchain-based energy exchange, taking into account the specific conditions of Iran's electricity grid. The macro platform architecture is designed based on the concept of Minimum Viable Product (MVP) considering functional and non-functional requirements in the form of unified modeling language (UML) diagrams. The proposed platform pilot has been implemented in the form of 4 main elements including smart contract, user interface, blockchain platform, and blockchain and non-blockchain databases and has been evaluated and tested using different scenarios. These tests mainly include the unit test and the integrity test, which were successfully performed on the platform. This platform has been designed and implemented for the first time in Iran in accordance with the Ethereum protocol and based on microservice architecture. In addition to the ability to integrate with Ethereum-based systems, this platform is scalable due to its modular design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
596 - A Decentralized Framework to Improve Resilience in Microgrids Based on Peer to Peer Transactions, Considering Independence and Privacy
Mohammad Doostizadeh Hassan Jalili Abbas BabaeiSevere events such as floods, earthquakes and hurricanes cause disruption in the operation of distribution networks and lead to their islanding. In such cases, if the distribution networks have microgrids, these microgrids are able to separate from the main network and MoreSevere events such as floods, earthquakes and hurricanes cause disruption in the operation of distribution networks and lead to their islanding. In such cases, if the distribution networks have microgrids, these microgrids are able to separate from the main network and exchange energy with each other to reduce the operation and outage costs. Therefore, the energy management in a multi-microgrid network requires a decentralized operating framework to encourage microgrids to have transactions with each other by providing the necessary incentives. This paper developes a completely decentralized framework to improve the resilience of microgrids based on the organization of peer-to-peer energy transactions, taking into account the appropriate financial incentives for the participation of microgrids. The developed model protects the private data of each microgrid, such as load information and distributed generation resources, during market settlement. Using the developed decentralized model, microgrids can increase network resilience in the context of peer-to-peer energy exchanges, in addition to reducing their operating costs compared to the island mode. The proposed decentralized approach does not require a central controller and has a high convergence speed. Simulations are performed on a system with fourteen microgrids and the results are compared with the island approach to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The simulations are performed in MATLAB R2020b environment using YALMIP toolbox. CPLEX 12.9 is also used to solve the optimization problem. The results show the efficiency of the proposed method in increasing the resilience and reducing the operating costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
597 - Load Frequency Control in a Hybrid Power System Considering Renewable Energy Sources and Electric Vehicles Using Fractional Order PID Controller Based on Wavelet Neural Network
Abbas-Ali Zamani Seyed Mohammad Kargar Dehnavi Alireza ReisiRestructuring of power systems and integration of different renewable energy sources with complex dynamic behaviors and high structural uncertainties has made the issue of load frequency control more important. For a hybrid power system that includes a thermal power pla MoreRestructuring of power systems and integration of different renewable energy sources with complex dynamic behaviors and high structural uncertainties has made the issue of load frequency control more important. For a hybrid power system that includes a thermal power plant taking into account nonlinear limitations such as the governor dead band and generator rate constraints and renewable energy sources including a wind turbine, solar-thermal power plant, electrolyzer, fuel cell, and plug-in electric vehicle, this paper proposes an adaptive wavelet neural network fractional order PID controller (AWNNFOPID) based on self-recursive wavelet neural networks and fractional order PID controller. To compare the performance of the proposed AWNNFOPID controller, four different scenarios are considered and the simulation results are compared with traditional I, PI, and PID controllers as well as with the optimized FOPID controller. The simulation results show that the proposed AWNNFOPID controller has better performances than the other control strategies used for the studied hybrid power system based on performance indicators such as settling time, rise time, maximum overshoot, maximum undershoot, integral time absolute error (ITAE), and integral absolute error (IAE). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
598 - Economic Design of Renewable Hybrid System Based on Hydrogen and Thermal Storages Considering Electrical and Thermal Energy Management
Reza Sepahvand Akbar Asgharzadeh bonabThis paper presents the optimal planning of renewable hybrid systems including wind turbines and bio-waste energy units according to hydrogen and thermal storages considering feeding of electrical and thermal energies. Bio-waste unit is based on the operation of the com MoreThis paper presents the optimal planning of renewable hybrid systems including wind turbines and bio-waste energy units according to hydrogen and thermal storages considering feeding of electrical and thermal energies. Bio-waste unit is based on the operation of the combined power and heat system, which produces electrical and thermal energy at the same time. Hydrogen storage is hybrid of an electrolyze, hydrogen tank, and fuel cell. The proposed scheme minimizes the total annual investment and maintenance costs. It is subject to the operation model of the mentioned elements. In the operation model of sources and storage, renewable sources supply loads of energy, then storage uses to cover the gap between the load and renewable power profiles. This paper uses the hybrid solver of the Gray wolf optimizer and the sine-cosine algorithm to obtain a reliable optimal solution with a low standard deviation in the final response. Finally, based on numerical results according to Espoo in Finland data, the proposed scheme's capability is confirmed in the Economic extraction of a 100% renewable island hybrid system suitable for simultaneous supply of electrical and thermal energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
599 - Frequency Control in Autanamous Microgrid in the Presence of DFIG based Wind Turbine
Ghazanfar Shahgholian Khosro Khani Majid moazzamiDespite their ever-increasing power injection into power grid, wind turbines play no role in frequency control. On the other hand, power network frequency is mainly adjusted by conventional power plants. DFIG-based wind turbines not only are able to produce power in var MoreDespite their ever-increasing power injection into power grid, wind turbines play no role in frequency control. On the other hand, power network frequency is mainly adjusted by conventional power plants. DFIG-based wind turbines not only are able to produce power in various mechanical speeds, but they can also reduce speed instantaneously which, in turn, leads to mechanical energy release. Thus, they can aid conventional units in system frequency control. In this paper, the effect of wind energy conversion systems, especially variable speed DFIG-based wind turbines, in controlling and tuning of frequency is investigated when different penetration coefficients are considered in a isolated microgrid comprising of conventional thermal and non-thermal generating unit. To do this, optimal tuning of DFIG's speed controller is performed in different penetration levels using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. In addition, optimum penetration of wind energy conversion system is studied considering frequency change parameters in a microgrid Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
600 - Transient Performance Improvement of Wind Turbines with Doubly Fed Induction Generators Using Active Damping Control Strategy
Saeed Soleymani Bahador Fani Mohammad Reza YousefiThis paper Analytically investigates the effects of system and controller parameters and operating conditions on the dynamic and transient behavior of wind turbines (WTs) with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) under voltage dips and wind speed fluctuations. Also, MoreThis paper Analytically investigates the effects of system and controller parameters and operating conditions on the dynamic and transient behavior of wind turbines (WTs) with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) under voltage dips and wind speed fluctuations. Also, it deals with the design considerations regarding rotor and speed controllers. The poorly damped electrical and mechanical modes of the system are identified, and the effects of system parameters, and speed/rotor controllers on these modes are investigated by modal and sensitivity analyses. The results of theoretical studies are verified by time domain simulations. It is found that the dynamic behavior of the DFIG-based WT under voltage dips is strongly affected by the stator dynamics. Further, it is shown that the closed loop bandwidth of the rotor current control, rotor current damping, DFIG power factor and the rotor back-emf voltages have high impact on the stator modes and consequently on the DFIG dynamic behavior. Moreover, it is shown that the dynamic behavior of DFIG-based WT under wind speed fluctuation is significantly dependent on the bandwidth and damping of speed control loop. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
601 - Transient Performance Improvement of Wind Turbines with Doubly Fed Induction Generators Using Fractional Order Control Strategy
Samaneh Jenab Bahador Fani Hossein GhasvariApplication of fractional order proportional integral (FOPI) controller to improve transient performance of wind turbine (WT) with Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented and studied in this paper. By small signal analysis, it is found that the dynamic behavi MoreApplication of fractional order proportional integral (FOPI) controller to improve transient performance of wind turbine (WT) with Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented and studied in this paper. By small signal analysis, it is found that the dynamic behavior of the DFIG based WT, during the variation of operating conditions, is strongly affected by the stator dynamics. Since the DFIG electrical dynamics are nonlinear, the linear control (PI) scheme cannot work properly under change in wind speed and stator modes are not damped appropriately. The proposed fractional order controller generalizes the conventional integer order PI controller whose integral order are fractional number rather than integer. This expansion can provide more flexibility in achieving control objectives. By time domain simulations, a comparative analysis is made with respect to the standard PI controller to demonstrate effectiveness of the fractional order PI ( ) controller during wind speed perturbation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
602 - Coordination Between Wind Power, Hydro Storage Facility and Conventional Generating Units According to the Annual Growth Load
Shahrokh Shojaeean Hadi AkramiConsidering the growing trend of the consumption of the electric power and the global tendency to substitute new renewable sources of energy, this paper proposes a Monte Carlo based method to determine an optimal level of this change. Considering the limitation of the w MoreConsidering the growing trend of the consumption of the electric power and the global tendency to substitute new renewable sources of energy, this paper proposes a Monte Carlo based method to determine an optimal level of this change. Considering the limitation of the wind farms in continuous supply of electric power, hydrostatic power storage facilities are used beside wind farms so that the electric power could be stored and fed in a continuous flow into power systems. Due to the gradual exclusion of conventional generators and 5 percent annual load increments, LOLE index was used in order to calculate the amount of the wind power and the capacity of the necessary power storage facility. To this end, LOLE index was calculated for the first year as the reference index for the estimation of the amount of wind power and the capacity of the storage facility in consequent years. For the upcoming years, calculations have been made to account for the gradual exclusion of conventional generators in proportion to load increments. The proposed method has been implemented and simulated on IEEE-RTS test system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
603 - Evaluation of the Trajectory Sensitivity Analysis of the DFIG Control Parameters in Response to Changes in Wind Speed and the Line Impedance Connection to the Grid DFIG
Mehdi Fooladgar اسمعیل Rokrok Bahador Fani Ghazanfar ShahgholianEconomic and environmental conditions often make large stations and transmission lines, restrictions are placed. Small and medium-sized production units connected to existing systems as a strategy is in progress. These units are usually near the center of the load place MoreEconomic and environmental conditions often make large stations and transmission lines, restrictions are placed. Small and medium-sized production units connected to existing systems as a strategy is in progress. These units are usually near the center of the load placed and distributed generators (DG) famous are the DG are allowed types vary, such as induction generators rack squirrel-connected wind turbines, generators fed induction double mounted wind turbines, fuel cells connected to the system by power electronic converters or synchronous generator connected to the turbine combustion [10]. This way sensitivity analysis in systems of distributed generation (DG) is assessed. It is shown that the method can detect the effect of control parameters listed wind turbine connected to a double-fed induction generator (DFIG) Badoou the impedance of the changing the speed of on the stability of the transmission line useful system invested. The control parameters of the importance of influencing the behavior of DFIG are divided. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
604 - Investigation of Reactive Power Control Effects on Flicker and Harmonics Emission of a DFIG Wind Turbine
Amir Nagizadeh Ghoogdareh Aref Doroudi Mohammad Poormonfared AzimiOne of the most important power quality aspects in wind farms is voltage fluctuation or flicker which should be investigated due to the nature of wind speed variations. These variations result in power and voltage fluctuations at the load bus. Moreover, the wind generat MoreOne of the most important power quality aspects in wind farms is voltage fluctuation or flicker which should be investigated due to the nature of wind speed variations. These variations result in power and voltage fluctuations at the load bus. Moreover, the wind generation systems may be assumed as a harmonics source because of their power electronic converters. There are numerous factors that affect flicker and harmonic emission of grid-connected wind turbines during continuous operation, such as wind characteristics (e.g. mean wind speed, turbulence intensity), type of generator and grid conditions (e.g. short circuit capacity, grid impedance angle). In this paper, an IEC based flickermeter is first modeled and then a variable speed wind turbine has been simulated by Matlab/Simulink software. The flicker and harmonics emissions of wind turbines equipped with DFIG during continuous operation and using output reactive control are investigated. The simulation results show that control of wind turbine output reactive power is an effective means for flicker mitigation during continuous operation. However, there should be a compromise between flicker reduction and harmonics level increase to enhance the whole power quality of wind turbine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
605 - Day-Ahead Coordination of Vehicle-to-Grid Operation and Wind Power in Security Constraints Unit Commitment (SCUC)
Mohammad Javad Abdollahi Majid MoazzamiIn this paper security constraints unit commitment (SCUC) in the presence of wind power resources and electrical vehicles to grid is presented. SCUC operation prepare an optimal time table for generation unit commitment in order to maximize security, minimize operation MoreIn this paper security constraints unit commitment (SCUC) in the presence of wind power resources and electrical vehicles to grid is presented. SCUC operation prepare an optimal time table for generation unit commitment in order to maximize security, minimize operation cost and satisfy the constraints of networks and units in a period of time, as one of the most important research interest in power systems. Today, the relationship between power network and energy storage systems is interested for many researchers and network operators. Using Electrical Vehicles (PEVs) and wind power for energy production is one of the newest proposed methods for replacing fossil fuels.One of the effective strategies for analyzing of the effects of Vehicle 2 Grid (V2G) and wind power in optimal operation of generation is running of SCUC for power systems that are equipped with V2G and wind power resources. In this paper, game theory method is employed for deterministic solution of day-ahead unit commitment with considering security constraints in the simultaneous presence of V2G and wind power units. This problem for two scenarios of grid-controlled mode and consumer-controlled mode in three different days with light, medium and heavy load profiles is analyzed. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the presence of V2G and wind power for decreasing of generation cost and improving operation indices of power systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
606 - Factors Affecting the Participation of Citizens and Tourists for Environment Protection (A Case Study of Mahmoudabad)
naser fattahi Leila Ebrahimi jamnani Kia bozorgmehr Ameneh haghzadParticipation is the main mechanism for sustainable development goals in the third millennium. When cities grow in size and population, it is important to pay attention to the coordination between their physical, social and environmental aspects. The sustainability of t MoreParticipation is the main mechanism for sustainable development goals in the third millennium. When cities grow in size and population, it is important to pay attention to the coordination between their physical, social and environmental aspects. The sustainability of the city will depend on the harmony between these factors. The aim of the present study is to study the factors affecting the participation of citizens and tourists in order to protect the environment. The research was conducted in terms of developmental-applied purpose and in a mixed way. The statistical population of the study included members of the scientific board of the fields of environment, watershed management, agriculture, geography, tourism, Mahmoud Abad universities, managers of public organizations and private companies, employers and contractors. . Data collection tools continued from the first phase of the semi-structured face-to-face interview to the phase of theoretical saturation. Interviews with 29 people (23 men and 6 women) were identified in four dimensions and 21 items. The second part of the discussion was given to the members of Delphi Group (8 people) in two stages for designing the questionnaire. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire on the five-value Likert scale was distributed online among the statistical sample (85 people). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for education (0.754), management (0.861), planning (0.82), information (0.791), ownership (0.833), and social (0.741) were estimated. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and PLS software. The findings showed that educational, social, planning, ownership, management and information factors affect the participation of citizens and tourists in environmental protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
607 - Investigating the Role of Geo-diversity in the Development of Tourism in the City of Firozabad
Najmeh Shafiei Abuzar Nasiri Samira Norozi Mahsa ShahpasandiGeological diversity is a feature of the landscape related to the heterogeneity of the physical properties of the earth's surface. Just as there is diversity and variety (biodiversity) among living organisms (plants and animals), there is also diversity and variety (geo MoreGeological diversity is a feature of the landscape related to the heterogeneity of the physical properties of the earth's surface. Just as there is diversity and variety (biodiversity) among living organisms (plants and animals), there is also diversity and variety (geodiversity) in geological phenomena and complications; there is abundance. Geological diversity and the need for sustainable protection and use are effective factors in the development of tourism. With this aim, in this research, the analysis of the geological diversity of four basins in the sub-basins of Firozabad, Dahram, Mehkoyeh, Meimand were investigated. The research method is based on analytical and descriptive methods and based on the preparation of lithology layers and TPI, five geodiversity index ,namely roughness density of each piece, Simpson's roughness coefficient, Shannon's roughness coefficient, Shannon's diversity coefficient, Simpson's diversity coefficient and density were calculated. The roughness was prepared. The results of calculating the indicators showed that Firozabad basin has the highest geodiversity coefficient, including Simson and Shannon smoothness and diversity, and compared to other basins of the city, it has high tourism potential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
608 - Assessing the Capacity of Rural Tourism (Case Study: Vakilabad Village, Ardabil)
Bahram Imani arastoo yari hesar sadegh abdiToday, the development of sustainable tourism in rural areas is one of the strategies that has been considered in most countries of the world. The main purpose of this study is to assess the tourism potential of Vakilabad village as an important rural tourism destinatio MoreToday, the development of sustainable tourism in rural areas is one of the strategies that has been considered in most countries of the world. The main purpose of this study is to assess the tourism potential of Vakilabad village as an important rural tourism destination in Ardabil city. The statistical population of this research is rural tourism activists, villagers and local experts. In this regard, to determine the tourism capacity of the TCC model and to measure the effects of tourism development, one-sample t-test and independent t-test have been used. The results show that the effective daily reception capacity of Vakilabad village in the centralized state is equal to 18924 people and in the wide state is equal to 63351 people. Also, the development of rural tourism has had many positive and negative effects for the villagers and local experts. Their views on the effects of tourism and the tolerance capacity of Vakilabad village are not significantly different in terms of variables related to economic, social and environmental dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
609 - Explanation of tourism strategies with the approach of sustainable development of tourism (case study: Bostan Abad city)
Masoud Hag lesan Saeed Arbabi Boston abadTourism is considered as one of the most important ways of economic development in the world. But in Iran, due to many reasons, it has not yet found its real place. The purpose of this study is to examine the advantages and limitations of tourism and choose the appropri MoreTourism is considered as one of the most important ways of economic development in the world. But in Iran, due to many reasons, it has not yet found its real place. The purpose of this study is to examine the advantages and limitations of tourism and choose the appropriate strategy for the tourism industry in the region. This research is based on the purpose of research, applied and based on quantitative research and based on descriptive-analytical strategy. The method of data analysis is combined and based on SWOT strategic analysis andQSPMstrategicplanning model and internal and external matrix (IFE) and (EFE) using field survey through distribution of questionnaires among tourists and interviews with tourism experts. TheanalysisobtainedfromtheSWOT model is more than the total points obtained from the opportunities (OW) than other strategiesIt indicates the appropriate strategy for the sustainable development of the city and also the QSPMstrategies prioritization table shows that among the four selected strategies and the results of theevaluation and prioritization of the strategies show that tourism development in the medium and long term with the highest points respectively 10.63 and 8.08 have the largest contribution to thedevelopment of tourism, as well as agricultural development with 9.96 and 6.98 points and the establishment of a special economic zone with 9.8 and 7.25 points are suitable solutions for thesustainable development of tourism, and finally Bostan Abad city needs investment and Create job opportunities and develop agriculture by creating a special economic zone to attract capital and create sustainable business and tourism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
610 - Investigating the Climatic Conditions in the Direction of Sustainable Urban Development of the Residential Contexts of Khorram Abad
mehdi kakolvand Abbas Malekhoseini This research aims to investigate the degree of coordination of Khorramabad's urban development plans with climatic conditions in the direction of sustainable urban development. In the climatic study of Khorramabad taken from the statistics and data of the last 20 More This research aims to investigate the degree of coordination of Khorramabad's urban development plans with climatic conditions in the direction of sustainable urban development. In the climatic study of Khorramabad taken from the statistics and data of the last 20 years (1376-1396), the climatic elements of this city, including temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, sunshine hours, direction and wind speed of the synoptic station of this city, in the form of maximum and minimum parameters and the average were used. After data collection, standardization and averaging of the mentioned parameters were done using Excel software and the SPSS software. The findings of the research show that in Khorramabad, climate coordination has not been done on a regional scale to reduce optimal energy consumption to achieve sustainable development. Also, according to the physiographic conditions of Khorramabad, the design of buildings in Khorramabad should be considered according to the northern and southern slopes to reduce energy consumption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
611 - Assessment of Infrastructure and Capacities for Sustainable Tourism Development: A Case Study of the Khorramabad to Arak Axis in Lorestan Province
amir hoseinian rad Maryam Beyranvandzadeh nobakht sobhani ali sajadiThe tourism industry operates as an interconnected system, where the synergy between its components is crucial. Tourist attractions alone are insufficient to drive travel or foster industry growth; instead, it is imperative to provide facilities and infrastructure to ac MoreThe tourism industry operates as an interconnected system, where the synergy between its components is crucial. Tourist attractions alone are insufficient to drive travel or foster industry growth; instead, it is imperative to provide facilities and infrastructure to accommodate tourists. This research aims to assess the role of infrastructure and capabilities in the sustainable development of tourism along the Khorramabad to Arak axis. A descriptive-analytical approach was employed, utilizing document analysis and surveys through a researcher-made questionnaire. The research findings were analyzed and evaluated using the CoCoSo method, focusing on four infrastructure indicators: physical infrastructure (six dimensions), government infrastructure (four dimensions), service infrastructure (six dimensions), and cultural infrastructure (four dimensions). The results indicate that physical infrastructure plays a pivotal role in tourism development along the studied axis, achieving a score of 3.61 and ranking first. Service and government (management-institutional) infrastructures secured the second and third positions, with scores of 3.56 and 2.24, respectively. Cultural infrastructure, with a score of 1.46, obtained the lowest rating, indicating its relatively lower importance compared to the other dimensions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
612 - نظریۀ اعجاز و مدارس نظامیه: گسترش توجهات به آرای بلاغی عبدالقاهر جرجانی تا پایان سدۀ هشتم هجری
سکینه سعیدی -
Open Access Article
613 - The Impact of Rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the Growth of Melissa officinalis
Elham Karami Monir Doudi Zahra Rezayatmand Ladan Rahimzadeh TorabiMicrobial communities occupy a significant position in the functioning and productivity of agricultural ecosystems. The taxonomic genus Pseudomonas encompasses a group of bacterial species that can establish mutually beneficial partnerships with different plants. The ob MoreMicrobial communities occupy a significant position in the functioning and productivity of agricultural ecosystems. The taxonomic genus Pseudomonas encompasses a group of bacterial species that can establish mutually beneficial partnerships with different plants. The objective of this study was to ascertain and isolate Pseudomonas strains that were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of M. officinalis. Furthermore, an examination was conducted on the morphological characteristics of M. officinalis that had been treated with standard and rhizospheric Pseudomonas. The experimental treatments consisted of 3 different groups: a rhizosphere Pseudomonas inoculation with a concentration of 106 and 109 CFU /ml, standard Pseudomonas inoculation with a concentration of 106 and 109 CFU /ml, and a control group that did not contain any bacteria. To effectively separate bacteria, specialized culture mediums, such as the King B medium, were employed. The biochemical and molecular results revealed that the isolated strain was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The standard Pseudomonas treatment with a concentration of 109 CFU/ml exhibited the greatest root length of 24.1 cm, while the treatment lacking the presence of Pseudomonas displayed the lowest root length of 12.9. Treatments with rhizospheric P. aeruginosa showed the greatest values for stem length, as well as root and stem weight. Meanwhile, the control treatment resulted in the lowest measurements for these mentioned characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
614 - Effects of Bracing Arrangement along the Building Height on Collapse Fragility Curve of Steel Braced Frame Systems
Ali Seyedkazemi Seyed Reza Hashemi ShahandashtiThe steel braced frame system is one of the lateral load resisting systems which is used extensively for low- to mid-rise buildings. In this structural system, the braces can be arranged in different forms along the building height due to different reasons such as archi MoreThe steel braced frame system is one of the lateral load resisting systems which is used extensively for low- to mid-rise buildings. In this structural system, the braces can be arranged in different forms along the building height due to different reasons such as architectural and structural limitations or design considerations. The bracing arrangement affects the seismic performance of the structural system and each of the elements. In this study, the impact of bracing arrangement along the building height on ultimate failure capacity and collapse fragility curves of steel CBFs is investigated. For this purpose, 4 and 8-story steel CBF buildings with 6 different arrangements of braces were selected and modeled in PERFORM-3D software. The models were then analyzed using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method. Afterwards, the collapse capacity of the models and the uncertainty index were calculated, and the collapse fragility curves were generated. The results show that, by modifying the arrangement of braces without significant changes in lateral stiffness and fundamental period of structure, it is possible to increase the collapse spectral acceleration and decrease the probability of collapse at the maximum considered earthquake intensity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
615 - Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Steel & Concrete X-Shape Brace Strengthened with CFRP under Cyclic Loads
ahmad rahbar ranji mohammad pasalariThe choice of lateral forces resistance system type depends on the composition of the loading, structural behavior, gravity loads transition to the base, architectural design, geometric dimensions, building code restrictions, the amount of lateral forces, the maximum di MoreThe choice of lateral forces resistance system type depends on the composition of the loading, structural behavior, gravity loads transition to the base, architectural design, geometric dimensions, building code restrictions, the amount of lateral forces, the maximum displacement and, etc. Today, the use of concrete dual frames has become very common in many modern structures, including high-rise buildings and building retrofitting. In this study, RC frames with X-shaped steel braces and Concrete X-Shape braces Strengthened with CFRP under Cyclic seismic loading have been investigated. Initially an RC frame in 3 manners such as RC frame, RC frame with concrete X-shaped braces and RC frame with X-shaped steel braces previously tested by Haddad et al. (2015) modeled and analyzed in ABACUS finite element software. Then the results of numerical analysis and laboratory study were compared. The results were fairly well-matched. Finally, after verification of the ABACUS software results, the proper composition of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) retrofitting was studied, and the load-displacement hysteresis diagrams, load-displacement and final load ratios for the proposed samples were compared. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
616 - Estimation of Response Modification Factor of Precast Concrete Frames with Semi Rigid Connections strengthened with X-Steel Bracing
Babak Behforouz Mohammadhasan Meisami zahrasadat mousaviAs the population grows, the importance of creating more buildings in the short term and at low cost, such as prefabricated structures, becomes more apparent. For this purpose, in this research using SAP 2000-14 software, three kinds of 2, 4 and 6-story RC frames were d MoreAs the population grows, the importance of creating more buildings in the short term and at low cost, such as prefabricated structures, becomes more apparent. For this purpose, in this research using SAP 2000-14 software, three kinds of 2, 4 and 6-story RC frames were designed by considering connection rigidity. Three types of connection rigidity including pinned, semi-rigid and rigid precast RC connections were applied to estimate response modification factor (R) of designed frames. It is worth mentioning that each of the frames has five bays and the length of each of the bays is 5 meters with the exception of median bay that is 4 meters strengthened with X-steel bracing. Then the nonlinear static analysis was applied to evaluate the effect of frame’s height and connection rigidity on response modification factor of designed frames. The results presented that with increasing the rigidity and frame’s height R factor is increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
617 - Performance of Gaskar Historical Minaret against Natural Wind and Earthquake Hazards
Majid Pouraminian Elahe DidevarHistorical brick minarets are the main elements of Iranian architecture and exist throughout the country in diverse dimensions and heights. In this research, Gaskar brick minaret with a height of 16.12 meters has been modeled by the finite element software by APDL progr MoreHistorical brick minarets are the main elements of Iranian architecture and exist throughout the country in diverse dimensions and heights. In this research, Gaskar brick minaret with a height of 16.12 meters has been modeled by the finite element software by APDL programming and precise discretization, in order to achieve an accurate damage pattern. Then the demand for the both wind and earthquake loads is determined according to the national building codes and applied to the minaret structure. Macro-modeling has been utilized to model the masonry materials domain. Nonlinear properties are also assigned to masonry materials. The results presented that the minaret is safe against both of the design wind load (90km/h) and the fastest recorded wind in the world (205km/h). If up to 12 times the design wind load is applied to the windshield surface of the minaret, the nonlinear behavior of the building will begin. The minaret is also vulnerable to earthquakes and minor damage has occurred at the bottom of the minaret, indicating that the minaret is at risk of collapse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
618 - The numerical investigation of performance of the connection between the steel braces and RC frames
Hoda larki Alireza mirgaliliThere are many concrete building without enough resistant against earthquick that need to seismic retrofitte. Using steel bracing is an usual way to seismic retrofitting in current years. For the suitable performance in this method , the connection between steel bracing MoreThere are many concrete building without enough resistant against earthquick that need to seismic retrofitte. Using steel bracing is an usual way to seismic retrofitting in current years. For the suitable performance in this method , the connection between steel bracing system and concrete frames is very important. In recent years some experimental researches is done in this field and several method is recommended for connection. For determinating the suitable connection , in this research 4 RC frames retrofitted by using steel bracing system with 4 details in connection and 1 RC frame without bracing is modeled by using the finite elements method in Abaqus software. the strength of connection 's elements , stiffness of system and cracking in RC frames are investigated and compared in every model. Results show that the connection between brace and RC frame by bolt to beam and column , also by steel jacket which fixed to column have suitable performance and other types of connection haven't required performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
619 - Comparison of the effect of silica fume and fly ash on the mechanical properties of masonry recycled concretes
Mostafa Azhdarizadeh Seyyed Fathollah Sajedi Mohammad Sirous PakbazThe present study is devoted to the study of the effect of replacing silica-fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) pozzolans on the mechanical properties of recycled concrete (RC) made from recycled masonry coarse aggregates (RMCA). In manufactured concretes, natural aggregat MoreThe present study is devoted to the study of the effect of replacing silica-fume (SF) and fly ash (FA) pozzolans on the mechanical properties of recycled concrete (RC) made from recycled masonry coarse aggregates (RMCA). In manufactured concretes, natural aggregates were replaced by RMCA at different percentages. In order to improve the mechanical properties of these concretes, different percentages of SF and FA were substituted for part of the cement. Slump and specific gravity tests were performed on fresh concrete and compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were performed on the hardened concrete. The results indicate that replacement of SF and FA increased the slump and decreased the specific weight of the concretes. Also, the results revealed that replacing 5% and 10% SF improved some mechanical properties of recycled concrete containing 50% of RMCA. Replacement of 15% SF, in concrete containing 25% of RMCA resulted in the close mechanical properties of RC compared with CC without pozzolans. Also, the test results demonstrated that replacing different percentages of Fly Ash, could not improve the mechanical properties of RC. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
620 - تاثیر برخی تیمارهای پرایمینگ بر جوانه زنی پنیرباد (Withania coagulans)
کیانوش توانا زهرا موحدی مجید رستمی -
Open Access Article
621 - اثر هورمون های سیتوکینین و اسید جیبرلیک بر جوانه زنی بذر و صفات رشدی گیاه داروئی بادرنجبویه
مهدی عمادی اندانی سیّد کاظم صبّاغ کاظم کمالی -
Open Access Article
622 - مطالعه اثر پیش تیمار بذر با سالسیلیک اسید در شرایط تنش شوری و خشکی بر جوانه زنی و خصوصیات رشدی گیاهچه بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L)
مادح احمدی مراد شعبان رضا یاری -
Open Access Article
623 - تأثیر خراشدهی مکانیکی بر شکستن خواب و بهبود جوانهزنی بذر دوازده گونه گیاه دارویی
حمید شریفی محمد خواجه حسینی محمد حسن راشدمحصل -
Open Access Article
624 - تاثیر تیمار سرمایی و شیمیایی بر شکست خواب بذر پنیرباد (Withania somnifera)
ابراهیم گنجی مقدم ایسن قهرمانی مریم تاتاری سوسن خسروبار -
Open Access Article
625 - Investigation on the Color and Surface Changes Kinetics of Coated Eggplant Slices with Basil Seed Mucilage During Frying process
محمدامین اسدنهال فخرالدین صالحی مجید رسولی -
Open Access Article
626 - اثر جایگزینی ربادیوزیدA و مالتودکسترین بر ویژگی های فیزیکوشیمیایی و حسی شیر کاکائو
علیرضا عابدینی رضوان پوراحمد مهناز هاشمی روان -
Open Access Article
627 - استفاده از مغز بادام زمینی در تولید اسنک حجیم بر پایه بلغور ذرت و بررسی ویژگی های آن
شهرام بیرقی طوسی غلامعلی گلی موحد مجید هاشمی فریده صالحی پور محبت محبی -
Open Access Article
628 - The Effect of the Antioxidant Properties of Chitosan and Chitosan Nanoparticles on the Physicochemical Properties of Peanuts
Nader Habibi Sara Amiri Hoseini -
Open Access Article
629 - ارزیابی خصوصیات کیفی، فیزیکوشیمیایی و حسّی کره بادام زمینی غنی شده با خمیر خرما با روش سطح پاسخ (RSM)
سیده فائزه صفائی سارا جعفریان مجتبی معصومی مهدی شریفی سلطانی لیلا روزبه نصیرائی -
Open Access Article
630 - بررسی تاثیر پوشش دهی برش های بادمجان در کاهش جذب روغن در طول فرآیند سرخ کردن
الهام آزادفر امیرحسین الهامی راد اکرم شریفی -
Open Access Article
631 - تاثیر انواع پیشتیمارها بر ویژگیهای رنگی و فیزیکوشیمیایی برشهای بادمجان خشک شده با هوای داغ
معصومه مجتهدی زنجیرآباد شهین زمردی -
Open Access Article
632 - ارزیابی فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره بادیان رومی (Pimpinella anisum ) در سیستم های روغنی و امولسیونی
مهدی سعیدی فر امیر حسین الهامی راد محمد حسین حداد خداپرست هاشم اخلاقی -
Open Access Article
633 - مقایسه ترکیبات شیمیایی عضله دو ماهی قباد (Scomberomorus guttatus) و کفشک زبان گاوی (Cynoglossus arel)
غالب بنفشی ابوالفضل عسکری ساری مژده چله مال دزفول نژاد محمد ولایت زاده -
Open Access Article
634 - تأثیر پیش تیمار مایکروویو بر سینتیک انتقال جرم بادمجان(Solanum melongena L.) طی فرآیند سرخ کردن عمیق
حجت کاراژیان نینا دلیری -
Open Access Article
635 - On the Effect of Multimedia and Simulated Environment of Stock Exchange Education on Students Learning
Aref Hashemi Hossein Mahdizadeh Yassan Allah Poorashraf Maryam AziziThis study aimed to investigate the impact of multimedia and simulated environment of training of stock exchange and foreign currency, compared with current methods (lectures, booklets, power point presentation), on students learning at the University of Ilam. The popul MoreThis study aimed to investigate the impact of multimedia and simulated environment of training of stock exchange and foreign currency, compared with current methods (lectures, booklets, power point presentation), on students learning at the University of Ilam. The population of the study was undergraduate students in business management, economics and accounting at the University of Ilam. Using random sampling method, 184 of them were chosen as the sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by the experts. Its reliability based on Cronbach alpha Coefficient was estimated 0.734. The data from the survey were analyzed using Mann Whitney U test and those from the semi-experimental were analyzed by covariance analysis and t-test. The results suggested a significant difference between mean scores of the two groups in that the experimental group was more effective than the control group. In addition, students from the experimental group were more satisfied with the simulated environment and estimated their learning as qualified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
636 - Enriching eggplant yogurt with alcoholic licorice extract and its effect on Helicobacter pylor
Saeed Tekieh Marouf Rezvan Pourahmad Mohammad Reza EshaghiHelicobacter pylori can cause gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, stomach ulcer and gastric cancer. The main treatment for this disease is antibiotic therapy, but due to the length of treatment and the damage caused by the use of antibiotics, alternative treatm MoreHelicobacter pylori can cause gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, stomach ulcer and gastric cancer. The main treatment for this disease is antibiotic therapy, but due to the length of treatment and the damage caused by the use of antibiotics, alternative treatments are needed. It seems that the use of herbs is the best alternative for treatment of the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eggplant yogurt enriched with alcoholic licorice extract on Helicobacter pylori inhibition. Extract of licorice was added to eggplant yogurt samples at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%. Control sample (extract free) was prepared. The samples were kept at 4 ° C for three weeks. Microbial, physicochemical and sensory properties of the samples were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of alcoholic licorice extract by micro dilution method against Helicobacter pylori was 7000 ppm and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 10000 ppm. The highest diameter of inhibition zone was related to the eggplant yogurt sample containing 0.5% licorice extract and the lowest was belonged to control sample (eggplant yogurt without licorice extract). Adding the licorice extract to the eggplant yogurt samples decreased significantly acidity and syneresis (p<0.05). The addition of licorice extract improved overall acceptance of eggplant yogurt. Among the samples, the sample containing 0.5% licorice extract was selected as the best treatment. Therefore, eggplant yogurt containing licorice extract has suitable sensory quality and can be affected the inhibition of Helicobacter pylori. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
637 - The Edible Coatings Role on the Microbial Activity of Mozafati Date Fruits
mahdokht arjmand kermani fereshteh salajagheh behjat tajeddinMaintaining the desired quality of dates, clearing them of contaminants and proper packaging to increase shelf life are among the priorities of the country. Since the use of edible coatings with vegetable oils is one of the ways to prevent the growth of microorganisms, MoreMaintaining the desired quality of dates, clearing them of contaminants and proper packaging to increase shelf life are among the priorities of the country. Since the use of edible coatings with vegetable oils is one of the ways to prevent the growth of microorganisms, was used natural polymers including zein and chitosan, alone and along with pimpernel oil on microbial activity of Mazafati date fruits, for one year at 4 and -18°C and the second year at 10°C was investigated. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and Duncan's mean comparison was performed. The results showed that this dates with 32% moisture content had a high microbial load. The fungi of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopu stolonifers, and Alternaria alternata were grown on it. These fungi, in particular Aspergillus niger, were involved in its rotting and lactic acid bacteria in its rancidity. By doing this research, the number of Aspergillus niger fungi was reduced by logarithmic three cycles using zein and chitosan edible coatings with pimpernel oil; and penicillium fungi were completely eliminated. In general, the lowest number of microbial growth was observed in Zein treatment 362.5 & 150 log cfu/g , in the first and second years respectively, and the highest number was observed in the control sample 10750 & 1025 log cfu/g. The use of anise oil also had an effect on reducing the overall count of microorganisms. Finally, according to the microbial results, the use of zein treatment is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
638 - Investigating the antimicrobial effects of lemongrass and lavender extracts and essential oils with antibiotics on some food bacteria
Mehrdad Ataie Kachouei Elham Fakhri fatemeh khodaverdipourIn recent years, the increase in drug resistance against bacteria and the increased dosage of common drugs and antibiotics, as well as the side effects caused by these drugs, have brought natural factors such as medicinal plants with fewer side effects, which have recei MoreIn recent years, the increase in drug resistance against bacteria and the increased dosage of common drugs and antibiotics, as well as the side effects caused by these drugs, have brought natural factors such as medicinal plants with fewer side effects, which have received more attention. increase. For this reason, in this study, we prepared alcoholic extracts and essential oils from lemongrass and lavender plants and then serially diluted them to obtain the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Shigella Flexnerl, Salmonella typhimuriom, Esherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were prepared. Zones of inhibition of bacterial growth were also measured and compared using the disc diffusion method. The results obtained showed that the halo diameter of the essential oil was larger than that of the extract, indicating a higher susceptibility of the sample to the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The amount of MIC and MBC in essential oil and extract, respectively, against each of the four bacteria tested was measured by microdilution method, which showed that the concentration of MIC and MBC in essential oil was lower than in extract. Analysis of compounds in each essential oil and extract was performed using a GC-MS device, essential oils contain more compounds than extracts and therefore have more antibiotic properties. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that lemongrass and lavender essences and extracts have antibacterial effects. Therefore, they can be used as natural plant products to combat bacterial infections. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
639 - Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Melissa officinalis essential oil on foodborne bacteria
Salman Heidarian Mehrdad Ataie Kachoie Sadegh Mousavi-Fard Fariborz MoattarMelissa officinalis is a medicinal plant with high antimicrobial properties. The present study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Melissa officinalis essential oil on food-borne bacteria. Melissa officinalis aerial parts were prepared and after appro MoreMelissa officinalis is a medicinal plant with high antimicrobial properties. The present study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Melissa officinalis essential oil on food-borne bacteria. Melissa officinalis aerial parts were prepared and after approval by experts used to prepare essential oils. The diameter of the growth inhibition zone of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was assessed using disk diffusion and compared with antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) of Melissa officinalis essential oil were evaluated on the target bacteria. Citronellal (14.4%) and Caryophyllene oxide (11%) were the most important compounds identified in Melissa officinalis essential oil. The diameter of the growth inhibition zone of the bacteria against Melissa officinalis essential oil ranged from 3.93±0.42 to 15.23±1.17 mm. Application of 4 mg/ml concentration of Melissa officinalis essential oil caused the largest diameter of the growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus (14.70±0.27 mm), Escherichia coli (10.33±0.29 mm) and Salmonella typhimurium (10.18±0.52 mm). The antimicrobial effects of Melissa officinalis essential oil were dose-dependent (P <0.05). The lowest and highest levels of MIC and MBC of Melissa officinalis essential oil were obtained for Staphylococcus aureus (1.25 and 2.5, respectively) and Salmonella typhimurium (10 and 20, respectively). The diameter of the growth inhibition zone of bacteria treated with Melissa officinalis essential oil was higher than that of many antibiotics, but lower than that of vancomycin. Melissa officinalis essential oil can be used as a substance with antimicrobial properties, especially in food films. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
640 - واکنش فیتوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L) به تیمارهای هیدروالکلی متانول و اتانول
اسماعیل خسروی علی مهرآفرین حسنعلی نقدی بادی رضا حاجی آقایی محمدتقی خسرویمقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی تأثیر محلول پاشی متانول و اتانول به عنوان یک فن آوری جدید و بی خطر در تولیدات گیاهی بر روی اجزای تشکیل دهنده اسانس بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L.) متعلق به تیره نعناعیان (Lamiaceae) بود.روش تحقیق: آزمایش به صورت طرح بلوک­ها Moreمقدمه و هدف: هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی تأثیر محلول پاشی متانول و اتانول به عنوان یک فن آوری جدید و بی خطر در تولیدات گیاهی بر روی اجزای تشکیل دهنده اسانس بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L.) متعلق به تیره نعناعیان (Lamiaceae) بود.روش تحقیق: آزمایش به صورت طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با 15 تیمار و 3 تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی واقع در کرج در­ سال 1389 انجام­شد­. ­تیمارها شامل­ محلول­های­ هیدروالکلی­اتانول (10، 20، 30، 40 و 50 % حجمی)،­ متانول (10، 20، 30، 40 و 50 % حجمی)، مخلوط یکسان متانول و اتانول (5، 15و 25 % حجمی)، تیمار آب مقطر و شاهد (بدون محلول پاشی) بود.نتایج و بحث: نتایج به دست آمده از این تحقیق حاکی از آن بود که اعمال تیمارها در 11 شاخص مورد ارزیابی شده­ دارای تفاوت معنی داری نسبت به تیمار شاهد در سطح آماری (p≤0.01) بوده­اند. نتایج فیتوشیمیایی اسانس تیمارهای مورد مطالعه نشان داد که بیشترین میزان بتاکاریوفیلن، نرال، ژرانیال، کاریوفیلن اکساید، سیترونلال، دلتاکادینول، دلتا کادینن، ژرماکرن ب، ژرانیل استات مربوط به محلول­پاشی با متانول 50% و بیشترین میزان ترکیب کاریوفیلن و آلفا کادینول مربوط به تیمار با اتانول 50% بود. در مجموع از نتایج به دست آمده از این تحقیق می­توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که اعمال تیمارهای هیدروالکلی متانول و اتانول بر روی گیاه دارویی بادرنجبویه توانست باعث افزایش و تغییر در بیوسنتز اجزای تشکیل دهنده اسانس شود. به نظر می­رسد که بهره­گیری از روش محلول پاشی با الکل­ها می­تواند به عنوان یکی از فن­آوری­های نوین در بالا بردن عملکرد گیاهان دارویی به ویژه در شرایط خشک و نیمه خشک ، مفید واقع شود. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: توصیه می­شود در صنعت تولید گیاهان دارویی به خصوص در تولید گیاهان در نظام های کشاورزی پایدار به جهت استفاده خاص از این نوع گیاهان جهت تولید دارو، برای افزایش کمیت اسانس بادرنجبویه در اقالیم مشابه منطقه مورد مطالعه، استفاده از فن­آوری محلول پاشی با الکل­ها (متانول و اتانول 50%) برای این منظور مورد بهره برداری قرار گیرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
641 - تأثیر گوگرد و تیوباسیلوس بر قابلیت جذب عناصر غذایی، رشد رویشی و تولید اسانس در بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L)
مهراب یادگاری رحیم برزگرمقدمه و هدف: تغذیه مطلوب گیاهان دارویی و معطر نقش بسزایی در تولید کمی و کیفی اسانس این گروه از گیاهان دارد. گوگرد همانند سایر عناصر غذایی ضروری گیاه نقش مؤثری در رشد و تولید گیاهان دارد. جهت مطالعه اثر تیوباسیلوس، گوگرد و ماده آلی بر رشد رویشی و تولید اسانس در گیاه دارو Moreمقدمه و هدف: تغذیه مطلوب گیاهان دارویی و معطر نقش بسزایی در تولید کمی و کیفی اسانس این گروه از گیاهان دارد. گوگرد همانند سایر عناصر غذایی ضروری گیاه نقش مؤثری در رشد و تولید گیاهان دارد. جهت مطالعه اثر تیوباسیلوس، گوگرد و ماده آلی بر رشد رویشی و تولید اسانس در گیاه دارویی بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L. ) آزمایشی به صورت طرح کاملاً تصادفی در درون گلدان تحت شرایط مزرعهای در بهار و تابستان 1387 در شهرکرد انجام شد. روش تحقیق: تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل 10 تیمار به شرح 200، 400 و 600 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد، ترکیب گوگرد با تیوباسیلوس به میزان 6% وزنی این مقادیر، ترکیب گوگرد و تیوباسیلوس با ماده آلی به میزان 5% وزنی مقادیر مذکور و تیمار شاهد در 3 تکرار بودند.نتایج و بحث: نتایج به­دست آمده از این آزمایش نشان داد که تفاوتهای معنی­داری در مورد عناصر ریزمغذی مس، روی، آهن و منگنز موجود در خاک گلدانها پس از برداشت و همچنین وزن تر، وزن خشک، تعداد شاخه جانبی و میزان اسانس در بین تیمارهای به­کار رفته وجود داشت. بیشترین مقادیر مس و منگنز قابل جذب موجود در خاک پس از برداشت، وزن تر و خشک گیاه در آغاز گلدهی و تعداد شاخه جانبی؛ در تیمار 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد + تیوباسیلوس + ماده آلی و کمترین این مقادیر در تیمار شاهد بدست آمد. با توجه به تحقیقات اندک در زمینه تأثیرگذاری عنصر گوگرد بر تولید اسانس، در این آزمایش مشاهده گردید که بیشترین میزان اسانس تولیدی در تیمارهای 400 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد+ تیوباسیلوس + ماده آلی و 600 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد + تیوباسیلوس + ماده آلی، به­دست آمد. همبستگی بین صفات مورد ارزیابی نشان داد که بین تولید ماده خشک گیاهی، میزان اسانس گیاهی، مقدار مس و روی قابل جذب موجود در خاک پس از برداشت رابطه مستقیم و مثبت وجود دارد.توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: به طور کلی می­توان میزان 400-600 کیلوگرم در هکتار گوگرد به همراه تیوباسیلوس به میزان 6 درصد وزنی کود گوگردی و کود دامی به میزان 5 درصد وزنی کود گوگردی جهت بهبود رشد و میزان اسانس گیاه دارویی بادرنجبویه را پیشنهاد نمود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
642 - بهینه سازی استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی از پوسته بادام با روش سطح پاسخ
غلامرضا ایسپره فاطمه نجاتی مریم جعفریمقدمه وهدف: استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی اخیرا توجه محققان مختلف را به خود جلب کرده است. بادام از جمله محصولات بومی ایران است که سالیانه حجم زیادی از ضایعات در طی تولید و فرآوری آن حاصل می­شود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی عوامل زمان و درصد حلال (اتانول) بر میزان Moreمقدمه وهدف: استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان طبیعی اخیرا توجه محققان مختلف را به خود جلب کرده است. بادام از جمله محصولات بومی ایران است که سالیانه حجم زیادی از ضایعات در طی تولید و فرآوری آن حاصل می­شود. هدف از تحقیق حاضر، بررسی عوامل زمان و درصد حلال (اتانول) بر میزان استخراج ترکیبات فنولی و خواص آنتی اکسیدانی عصاره استخراج شده از پوست بادام با کمک روش اولتراسوند و بهینه سازی شرایط استخراج با استفاده از روش RSM است. روش تحقیق: پوسته سبز بادام به پودر تبدیل شد و به منظور استخراج به نسبت 1:20 با حلال (اتانول-آب) مخلوط و در دمای 35 درجه سانتیگراد تحت تاثیر امواج اولتراسوند برای مدت زمان کافی قرار داده شد. به منظور بهینه سازی فرایند دو فاکتور زمان (در سه سطح شامل 30، 45 و 60 دقیقه) و غلظت اتانول (در سه سطح شامل 0، 35 و 70%) در نرم افزار Design Expert وارد و درنهایت 13 آزمون برای استخراج عصاره طراحی شد. در ادامه غلظت ترکیبات فنولیک کل با روش فولین سیوکالتیو و فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی باروش DPPHاندازه­گیری شد. نتایج وبحث: براساس نتایج حاصل از بهینه سازی، شرایط نقطه بهینه برای حداکثر استخراج ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدانی، شامل 74/35دقیقه زمان استخراج و استفاده از حلا لی حاوی 69/43درصد اتانول پیش بینی شد. تحت این شرایط بهینه، حداکثر فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی19/47 درصد و غلظت ترکیبات فنولیک کل 917/ (mg/ml) بدست آمد. مقایسه نتایج پیش بینی شده توسط نرم افزار و مقادیر تجربی نشان داد که مدل از دقت کافی برای پیش بینی نقطه بهینه برخوردار است. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: این پژوهش نشان داد که پوسته سبز بادام می­تواند بعنوان یک منبع ارزان و قابل دسترس برای استخراج ترکیبات با فعالیت آنتی­اکسیدانی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. همچنین، این تحقیق نشان داد اولتراسوند روش مناسبی در تسریع استخراج ترکیبات آنتی­اکسیدانی می باشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
643 - بررسی ابعاد اقتصادی تولید بادام کوهی در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری
محمود بخشی نژاد جمشید پیک فلکمقدمه و هدف: سایر فعالیت­های کشاورزی و حتی جایگزین نمودن کشت محصولات جدیدی مانند گیاهان دارویی به جای محصولات سنتی در استان گیاهان دارویی از این جهت که مواد اولیه لازم را برای تولید صنایع داروسازی فراهم می نماید ،یکی از محصولات اساسی کشور محسوب می شوند، از طرفی نقش Moreمقدمه و هدف: سایر فعالیت­های کشاورزی و حتی جایگزین نمودن کشت محصولات جدیدی مانند گیاهان دارویی به جای محصولات سنتی در استان گیاهان دارویی از این جهت که مواد اولیه لازم را برای تولید صنایع داروسازی فراهم می نماید ،یکی از محصولات اساسی کشور محسوب می شوند، از طرفی نقش روستاهها، در توسعه اقتصادی، نقشی محوری،کلیدی و بی بدیل است، که برای رسیدن به این امر باید فرصتهای افزایش درآمد در روستاهها فراهم شود، و یکی از این فرصتها در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری تولید گیاهان دارویی در کنار است. در این پژوهش ابعاد اقتصادی بهره برداری از بادام کوهی به عنوان یکی از گونه های دارویی بومی استان، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش تحقیق: داده های مورد نیاز از طریق مصاحبه با نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده به دست آمده و با استفاده از شاخص هزینه منابع داخلی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته اند، نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاصله حاکی از آن است که استان چهارمحال و بختیاری، در تولید این محصول دارای مزیت نسبی بالقوه ای است و جمع آوری و فروش بادام کوهی از مناطق مستعد این محصول سود خالصی معادل چهارمیلیون و یکصد وسی هزارریال برای کشاورزان در بر دارد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: با توجه به اینکه بادام کوهی بومی مناطق زاگرس در کشور می باشد، سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان آموزشهای لازم را برای کاشت و داشت و برداشت این محصول از روشهای موثر به کشاورزان ارائه نماید. در این صورت علاوه بر افزایش درآمد کشاورزان ، مواد اولیه لازم برای تولید برخی دارویی فراهم شده و همچنین از مهاجرت رستاییا ن به شهرها می کاهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
644 - اندازه گیری میزان ترکیبات فنولیک در کیک اسفنجی حاوی برگ گیاه بادرنجبویه
ندا سادات نوری زاده محمد حجت الاسلامی جواد کرامتمقدمه و هدف:امروزه اکثر مصرف­کنندگان مصرف غذاهای سالم تر را ترجیح می دهند. به این منظور صنعت و محققان به دنبال بهبود کیفیت، طعم، و تنوع محصولات می باشند. گیاهان دارویی و ادویه ها غنی از ترکیبات فنولیک می باشند و توجه صنعت غذا را به خود جلب کرده اند. زیرا می تو Moreمقدمه و هدف:امروزه اکثر مصرف­کنندگان مصرف غذاهای سالم تر را ترجیح می دهند. به این منظور صنعت و محققان به دنبال بهبود کیفیت، طعم، و تنوع محصولات می باشند. گیاهان دارویی و ادویه ها غنی از ترکیبات فنولیک می باشند و توجه صنعت غذا را به خود جلب کرده اند. زیرا می توانند کیفیت و ارزش تغذیه­ای غذا را بهبود بخشند. بادرنجبویه نوعی گیاه دارویی آروماتیک بادوام است که حاوی ترکیبات فنولیک فراوان می باشد. از آن جا که بیشتر ماده موثره بادرنجبویه در برگ­های آن است بهتر است که فقط برگ های آن مورد استفاده قرار گیرند تا میزان ماده موثره حاصله بیشتر باشد. در این تحقیق به بررسی اثر جایگزینی آرد با پودر برگ گیاه بادرنجبویه بر خواص کیک اسفنجی پرداخته شد.روش تحقیق:نمونه های کیک حاوی غلظت­های مختلف گیاه ( 5/2، 5، 5/7 و 10درصد) به همراه نمونه شاهد مطابق با استاندارد تهیه کیک اسفنجی تولید گردید. سپس میزان ترکیبات فنولیک به­وسیله دستگاه HPLC مورد ارزیابی قرارگرفت. نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که افزودن گیاه تا سطح 5/7 درصد از نظر مصرف­کننده قابل­پذیرش است و این نوع کیک به عنوان محصولی با میزان ترکیبات فنولیک بیشتر قابل توصیه می باشد. توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: در نهایت می توان توصیه کرد که جهت افزایش خواص سلامتی کیک، می­توان از گیاه بادرنجبویه تا سطح 5/7 درصد استفاده کرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
645 - اثر مدت و میزان استفاده از پودر سیر بر رشد و میزان تیتر آنتی بادی علیه واکسن نیوکاسل و گامبرو در جوجه های گوشتی
مهدی رئیسی سیدعلی اوسط حسینی علی آباد محمدباقر پاشا زانوسی امیر روفچاییمقدمه و هدف: به منظور کاهش عوارض جانبی آنتی بیوتیک های سنتتیک محرک رشد، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان محرک های بالقوه رشد، توجه بسیاری را به خود جلب کرده است. در این مطالعه تأثیر گیاه سیر که از دیر باز به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی مورد استفاده بوده است بر عملکرد رش Moreمقدمه و هدف: به منظور کاهش عوارض جانبی آنتی بیوتیک های سنتتیک محرک رشد، استفاده از گیاهان دارویی به عنوان محرک های بالقوه رشد، توجه بسیاری را به خود جلب کرده است. در این مطالعه تأثیر گیاه سیر که از دیر باز به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی مورد استفاده بوده است بر عملکرد رشد و میزان تیتر آنتی بادی علیه واکسن نیوکاسل و گامبرو در جوجه های گوشتی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. روش تحقیق: به منظور بررسی تأثیر مدت و میزان استفاده از پودر سیر (Allium sativum L.) بر صفات مورد آزمایش در جوجه های گوشتی، آزمایشی با 240 قطعه جوجه گوشتی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی به صورت فاکتوریل 4´3 با دو عامل سطح مصرف پودر سیر در جیره (شامل: 0، 0/5، 1 و 3 درصد) و دوره زمانی مصرف (آغازین، پایانی و کل دوره) انجام شد. نتایج و بحث: مصرف پودر سیر در سطوح 1 و 3 درصد موجب افزایش معنی دار صفت وزن گردید(0/5>p). دوره زمانی مصرف پودر سیر اثر معنی داری بر مصرف خوراک و افزایش وزن نداشت، اما در مجموع تیمارهایی که در دوره پایانی پرورش پودر سیر مصرف شدند، افزایش وزن بیشتری داشتند. پایین ترین ضریب تبدیل غذایی در پایان دوره پرورش مربوط به گروه های تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی 1 درصد پودر سیر بود که تفاوت معنی داری را با تیمارهای مصرف کننده 5/0 درصد پودر و سیر شاهد داشت (0/001>p). نتایج تیتر آنتی بادی نیوکاسل در هیچ یک از مراحل نمونه گیری اختلاف معنی داری را بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نشان نداد. نتایج تیتر آنتی بادی گامبرو در 33 روزگی نشان داد که تیمارهای تغذیه شده با جیره حاوی 1 و 3 درصد پودر سیر دارای بالاترین تیتر آنتی بادی علیه واکسن گامبرو دربین گروه های آزمایشی بوده (0/001>p) و در 42 روزگی نیز، تیتر آنتی بادی پرندگان مورد آزمایش به طور معنی داری در تمام سطوح مصرف پودر سیر، نسبت به شاهد بیشتر بود (0/001>p). دوره های زمانی مصرف پودر سیر هیچ اثر معنی داری بر تیتر آنتی بادی نیوکاسل و گامبرو بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نداشت. به طور کلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که استفاده از سطوح 1 و 3 درصد پودر سیر در دوره زمانی مصرف، سبب بهبود عملکرد رشد و تیتر آنتی بادی بر علیه واکسن گامبرو در جوجه های گوشتی شده است. توصیه کاربردی-صنعتی: با توجه به نتایج این تحقیق، پودر سیر به دلیل وجود خواص ضد باکتریایی ترکیب آلیسین و سایر ترکیبات موجود در آن، می تواند تأثیر مثبتی بر عملکرد رشد و سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی داشته باشد، لذا استفاده از آن به جهت تولید محصول سالم و ارگانیک توصیه می شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
646 - Analysis of urban space production from the political perspective with Actor–network theory (Case study of Abbasabad lands in Tehran)
Nayyer Farabiasl Mojtaba Rafieian Bahram Alizadeh"Urban space production is a complex and multidimensional issue in which space is considered both a social product and a political agent. In this research, the relationship between space and power in a specific city has been examined using Actor-Network Theory (ANT), wh More"Urban space production is a complex and multidimensional issue in which space is considered both a social product and a political agent. In this research, the relationship between space and power in a specific city has been examined using Actor-Network Theory (ANT), which is a sociological approach to analyzing the relationships between human and non-human actors. The main objective of this research is to identify and analyze the power networks (actors) involved in the production of urban spaces. The research method is a case study, and the case under study is Abbasabad lands in Tehran, which is one of the largest urban development projects in Iran. The research data has been collected through semi-structured interviews and field observations, and they have been analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach."The results indicate that in the Abbasabad zone, the government and its affiliated organizations have formed power networks using their political and economic influence, depriving other actors of participating in space production. It has also been revealed that the network of actors and power in this area is not in line with the needs and desires of the citizens, and even the role of experts and the private sector in space production has been influenced by political factors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
647 - شناسایی امکانات توانمندسازی روستائیان، سه روستای کردآباد، ویان و طاهرلو کبودرآهنگ در زمینه اشتغال
داود عباسی مسعود مهدوی حاجیلویی رحیم سرور پرویز کردوانی -
Open Access Article
648 - تاثیر عوامل مشارکت اجتماعی شهروندان و گردشگران به منظور حفاظت از محیط زیست در شهرهای ساحلی ( مطالعه موردی شهر محمود آباد )
ناصر فتاحی لیلا ابراهیمی جمنانی آمنه حق زاد کیا بزرگمهر -
Open Access Article
649 - نقش شهرکهای صنعتی در توسعه شهرهای کوچک با نگاهی بر تأثیر شهرک صنعتی شمسآباد بر شهر حسن آبادفشافویه
منصوره تاری وردی پروانه زیویار بهمن کارگر -
Open Access Article
650 - سنجش میزان هماهنگی مدیریتی شهر جدید فولادشهر با سکونتگاه های پیرامون
ایرج خسروی حاجی وند احمد خادم الحسینی حمید صابری مهدی مومنی -
Open Access Article
651 - رابطه اشتغالزایی ناشی از فعالیتهای دامداری و ابعاد مختلف توسعه روستایی در دهستان رستم آباد شمالی رودبار
ناصر رحمن نیا تهمینه دانیالی سیمین ارمغان -
Open Access Article
652 - تحلیل تغییرات ژئومرفولوژیک- انسانی منابع ماسه و گردوغبار (مطالعه موردی: ارگ دامغان)
ناصر مشهدی مجید کریم پور ریحان -
Open Access Article
653 - ارزیابی اثرات توسعه گردشگری بر کاهش میزان فقر و توانمندسازی اقتصادی، مطالعه موردی روستاهای شهرستان پارس آباد معان
بهروز محمدی یگانه مهدی چراغی ثریا نصیری -
Open Access Article
654 - بررسی و تحلیل مهاجرتهای روستایی و ارتباط آن با شکلگیری مشاغل غیررسمی با تأکید بر ابعاد اقتصادی پژوهش موردی: محله محمدآباد شهر قرچک
زهرا کولیوند محمد سلمانی مقدم مهدی زنگنه -
Open Access Article
655 - باز آفرینی شهری با تاکید بر بهسازی و توانمندسازی سکونتگاههای غیر رسمی در کلانشهرها کیس مورد مطالعه: شمس آباد تبریز
امیر جاهد بشیر بیگ بابایی کریم حسین زاده دلیر -
Open Access Article
656 - اهمیت دره خرم آباد در توسعه پایدار گردشگری با رویکرد فراهم نمودن زمینه ثبت در میراث جهانی
مریم بیرانوندزاده سیامک شرفی نوبخت سبحانی -
Open Access Article
657 - ارزیابی رضایت مندی از شاخص های توانمندسازی سکونتگاه های غیررسمی با تأکید بر مسائل اجتماعی و اقتصادی (نمونه موردی: محله خلیل آباد تبریز)
علی اسکوئی ارس فریدون بابائی اقدم -
Open Access Article
658 - تحلیلی بر اولویتبندی وضعیت چرخه حیات در مناطق نمونه گردشگری مورد مطالعه: قطب گردشگری اسلام آباد غرب
غلامرضا نوری زهرا تقی زاده معصومه امانی بختیاروند -
Open Access Article
659 - نقش عوامل محیطی بر تخریب محوطههای باستانی (مطالعه موردی محوطههای باستانی دهستان سر فیروزآباد استان کرمانشاه)
اردوان بهزاد بهزاد فزونی عزت اله میرزائی -
Open Access Article
660 - اسکان غیررسمی چالشی فراروی مدیریت شهری: نمونه موردی محله فلک الدین شهر خرم آباد
سعید تقوی گودرزی مریم بیرانوندزاده محمد فتحی بیرانوند -
Open Access Article
661 - تحلیل پایداری محلات شهری بر مبنای شاخص های توسعه پایدار (نمونه موردی شهر مهاباد)
ادریس پروزن زینب کرکه آبادی عباس ارغان -
Open Access Article
662 - کاربرد مدل "تحلیل شکاف" در بررسی نقاط قوت و ضعف مؤلفههای سرمایه اجتماعی در محلات شهری در راستای برنامهریزی سیستمی در فضاهای شهری (نمونه موردی محلات کیانپارس و لشکرآباد اهواز)
بابک محمدی آوندی آزیتا رجبی ناصر اقبالی -
Open Access Article
663 - ارزیابی نقش زنان روستایی در صنایع دستی و ارتقاء توسعهی پایدار روستایی (مطالعهی موردی جوادآباد ورامین)
نصراله فلاح تبار -
Open Access Article
664 - تحلیل فراوانی سرعت و جهت باد و نقش آن در برنامهریزی منطقهای استان فارس
راضیه دهقانی امیر گندمکار سعید اسلامیان حسنعلی غیور نجفآبادی رضا مدرس -
Open Access Article
665 - بررسی عوامل موثر بر موفقیت تعاونیهای تولید روستایی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان پارسآباد)
وکیل حیدری ساربان -
Open Access Article
666 - تبیین جایگاه مهاجرت معکوس در بازساخت روستاهای شمال استان اردبیل
اسماعیل ابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
667 - جغرافیای گردشگری شهرستان خرمآباد و نقش یادمانهای تاریخی در توسعه آن
پروانه زیویار سمیه تیموری -
Open Access Article
668 - گردشگری روستایی به عنوان مدلی برای توسعه روستایی (مطالعه موردی شهرستان گرمسار)
اسماعیل ابراهیمی -
Open Access Article
669 - ارزیابی نقش و تاثیر توسعهی فضای کسب و کار کارآفرینی گردشگری در جهت دستیابی به توسعه پایدار روستایی (نمونه موردی: دهستان استرآباد جنوبی در شهرستان گرگان)
ابوطالب کاویانی بیژن رحمانی محمد تقی رضویان عباس علیپور نخی -
Open Access Article
670 - تحلیل و بررسی چالشهای بازارچههای مرزی در ایران: مطالعه موردی بازارچههای مرزی استان بوشهر
عبدالرسول افراسیابی -
Open Access Article
671 - برنامهریزی راهبردی اثرات مجتمع مجتمع چادرملو بر سکونتگاههای شهرستان بهاباد
Mirabolghasemi i Bahabad Hasan Beik Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein Ramesht -
Open Access Article
672 - تحلیل و بررسی نقش منابع گردشگری در توسعه پایدار گردشگری شهر حیدرآباد هند
محمد رضا نیتی -
Open Access Article
673 - برنامه ریزی بهینه واحد تعهد با توجه به عدم قطعیت باد با استفاده از الگوریتم جستجو فاخته
Saniya Maghsudlu sirus mohammadiدر این مقاله، یک روش جدید برای بررسی نقش واحدهای باد به عنوان یک تولید کننده انرژی در برنامه ریزی مشکل تعهد واحد ارائه شده است. امروزه، منابع انرژی تجدید پذیر به علت عدم آلودگی محیط زیست، و در نتیجه هزینه های حاشیه ای بسیار کم، در سیستم قدرت خیلی مورد توجه قرار گر Moreدر این مقاله، یک روش جدید برای بررسی نقش واحدهای باد به عنوان یک تولید کننده انرژی در برنامه ریزی مشکل تعهد واحد ارائه شده است. امروزه، منابع انرژی تجدید پذیر به علت عدم آلودگی محیط زیست، و در نتیجه هزینه های حاشیه ای بسیار کم، در سیستم قدرت خیلی مورد توجه قرار گرفتند. اما این منابع با عدم اطمینان همراه هستند، حل مشکل تعهد واحد به عنوان یک بهینه سازی سیستم برنامه قدرت سنتی مطرح شده است که تلاش میکند با تعیین واحد های ورود و خروج مطلوب و تولید بهینه در هر واحد کل هزینه تولید را به حداقل رساند. سپس، در این مطالعه با استفاده از یک الگوریتم تکرار شونده به طور تصادفی با تخصیص توابع چگالی متناسب با سرعت باد، عدم اطمینان از واحد باد تولید شده است در برنامه تعهد واحد . تجزیه و تحلیل UC با نیروی باد به منظور به حداقل رساندن هزینه کل سیستم انجام می شود. در این مقاله برای رسیدن به راه حل بهینه، یک الگوریتم جستجوکاکو فرا ابتکاری (CS) با سرعت همگرایی بالا استفاده می شود تا مشکل تعهد واحد با توجه IEEE سیستم تست 10 واحد استاندارد را حل کند. نتایج شبیه سازی کارآمدی روش پیشنهادی را برای کاهش هزینه های تولید و بهبود سودها نشان میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
674 - مطالعهی چهارطاقیهای علیآباد شمشیربر و رحمتآباد کرمان بر اساس نویافتههای باستانشناختی
علیرضا زبان آور محمد مرتضایی رضا شعبانی صمخانی -
Open Access Article
675 - تغییرات الگوی استقراری بخش جوادآباد شهرستان ورامین از دورۀ ساسانی به صدر اسلام
نرگس زاهدی مرتضی حصاری مصیب امیری حسن درخشی -
Open Access Article
676 - چشم انداز باستانشناسی محوطه استقراری شریف آباد در کرانه رودخانه گاماسیاب زاگرس مرکزی
علی نوراللهی -
Open Access Article
677 - Field study of the ancient sites in Chalous and Kelardasht area of Mazandaran
Atefeh Rasouli Meysam Miri AhoodashtiAncient hills and sites reflect the Socio-Cultural elements, history, cultural heritage, and past identity of our ancestors. Therefore, recording and surveying ancient hills and sites can help produce and preserve these monuments. Since ancient times, Mazandaran has bee MoreAncient hills and sites reflect the Socio-Cultural elements, history, cultural heritage, and past identity of our ancestors. Therefore, recording and surveying ancient hills and sites can help produce and preserve these monuments. Since ancient times, Mazandaran has been the residence of human groups due to its suitable climatic and environmental conditions. The Chalous, which is the area under discussion in this study, is one of the old cities of Mazandaran, located in the middle plain of the Caspian Sea coast. This city has a long history, and its name in the distant past was Chalous, which there were two towns around it called Kabireh and Kacheh. This study aims to introduce and discover ancient sites in Chalous, study pottery found from these sites, and date them. In this research, using field survey and objective observation, the ancient sites in Chalous have been discovered and studied the pottery of these sites. This research has identified five ancient sites, including Khaneh Sar, Komerlat, Kotahkashak, Kolomeh, and Ghleh Sangi. The pottery collected from the surface of these sites used carefully studied, and their Age determined. The results of this study show that most of the ancient sites located in Marzanabad and Kelardasht, and based on the pottery discovered from them, most of the sites belong to the Iron Age III and historical periods, especially the Parthian and Sassanid periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
678 - .
Hasan Ghorbani Ahmadreza Yalameha -
Open Access Article
679 - اثر سیستم جنگل-زراعی روی چرا، نشخوار، و رفتارهای استراحت گاوهای شیری
آ.آ. اُلیوال اف.ب. آرایوجو ت.آ. دلوالِ جی.آ.سی. اُسوریو م. کامپانا جی.پی.جی دِ مورایسمطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی آثار سیستم جنگل-زراعی روی رفتار تغذیهای گاوهای شیری در منطقه آمازون برزیل انجام شد. 19 گاو شیری آمیخته (14±3.30 کیلوگرم/روز مقدار شیر و 450 ±40.1 کیلوگرم وزن بدن) استفاده شدند. تیمارهای زیر ارزیابی شدند: A) حیوانات در مرتع Moreمطالعه حاضر با هدف ارزیابی آثار سیستم جنگل-زراعی روی رفتار تغذیهای گاوهای شیری در منطقه آمازون برزیل انجام شد. 19 گاو شیری آمیخته (14±3.30 کیلوگرم/روز مقدار شیر و 450 ±40.1 کیلوگرم وزن بدن) استفاده شدند. تیمارهای زیر ارزیابی شدند: A) حیوانات در مرتع باز Brachiaria brizantha تمام روز نگهداری شدند؛ B) حیوانات در علوفه بادام زمینی نگهداری شدند (Arachis pintoi) در طول صبح (بین ساعت 7 و 12) و در muvuca، یک نوع از طبقهبندی جنگل-زراعی، بعداز ظهر (بین ساعت 12 و 23) و C) حیوانات در علوفه بادام زمینی در طول صبح (بین ساعت 7 و 11) و در مرتع باز Brachiaria brizantha در طول بعد از ظهر (بین 12 و 23) نگهداری شدند. رفتارهای چرا، نشخوار، و استراحت هر 10 دقیقه کنترل شدند، و شاخص ساعت به عنوان اندازه تکرار شده در یک طرح مربع لاتین 3 × 3 آنالیز شدند. بین ساعت 7 و 9، حیوانات نگهداری شده در مرتع باز چرای بیشتر و شاخص نشخوار کمتری نسبت به حیوانات نگهداری شده در علوفه بادم زمینی نشان دادند. در طول زمانهای داغ روز، حیوانات نگهداری شده در مرتع باز شاخص چرای بالاتری نشان دادند. حیوانات تیمارهای A و C شاخص چرای چرای بالاتری نسبت به آنهایی که در تیمار B قرار داشتند بین ساعت 15 و 17 نشان دادند. حیوانات نگهداری شده در muvuca شاخص چرای بالاتری داشتند، که منتج به نشخوار و استراحت کمتر، در پایان روز شد. در کل، سیستم جنگل-زراعی چرا و شاخص نشخوار را تثبیت کرده و شاخص چرا در طول دوره زمانی داغ روز را افزایش میدهد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
680 - تولید آنتی بادی مونوکلونال علیه پروتئین G1 بیان شده پروکاریوتی از ویروس تب بیدوام گاوی
ر. پسندیده م.ر. صیفی آباد شاپوری م.ت. بیگی نصیریاپیتوپ G1 از گلیکوپروتئین G ویروس تب بی ‏دوام گاوی (BEFV) از لحاظ ژنتیکی و آنتی ‏ژنیکی در بین جدایه‏ های مختلف از این ویروس حفاظت شده است و تنها با آنتی ‏بادی‏ های خنثی‏ کننده ضد این ویروس واکنش می‏ دهد. بنابراین این آنتی‏ژن، یک نامزد منا Moreاپیتوپ G1 از گلیکوپروتئین G ویروس تب بی ‏دوام گاوی (BEFV) از لحاظ ژنتیکی و آنتی ‏ژنیکی در بین جدایه‏ های مختلف از این ویروس حفاظت شده است و تنها با آنتی ‏بادی‏ های خنثی‏ کننده ضد این ویروس واکنش می‏ دهد. بنابراین این آنتی‏ژن، یک نامزد مناسب برای توسعه آزمون ایمونوسوربنت متصل به آنزیم (ELISA) برای شناسایی سرولوژیکی حیوانات آلوده است. هدف از این مطالعه، تولید آنتی ‏بادی مونوکلونال علیه آنتی‏ژن G1 نوترکیب بیان شده در اشرشیاکلی بود. به این منظور، هیبرید‏های سلولی سوماتیک بین سلول‏ های میلومای SP2/0 و سلول‏ های طحال حاصل از موش ‏های Balb/c ایمن شده با پروتئین هم جوش MBP-G1 ایجاد شد. پس از سه مرتبه کلونینگ، پایداری ترشح آنتی‏ بادی درکلون ‏های مثبت با روش الایزا و واکنش آنتی‏ بادی‏‏ های مونوکلونال علیه G1 نوترکیب توسط آزمایش وسترن بلات تأیید شد. آنتی‏ بادی‏ های اختصاصی تولید شده علیه آنتی ­ژن نوترکیب G1 ممکن است به ­منظور طراحی آزمایش‏ های تشخیصی برای ویروس BEF در آینده مناسب باشند. Manuscript profile -
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681 - آنتیبادی زرده تخم مرغ علیه اشریشیا کلی انتروتوکسیژنیک K99 در سرم و زرده تخم مرغ مرغان تخمگذار ایمن شده
ا. کرم زاده-دهاقانی آ. توحیدی م. ژندی ن. مژگانیای. کلی انتروتوکسیژنیک K99 به عنوان یکی از مهمترین عوامل بیماریزای مرتبط با اسهال در گوسالههای نوزاد شناخته میشود. ایمنوگلوبینهای زرده تخم مرغ (IgY) به عنوان یک جایگزین ارزان برای آنتیبیوتیکها جهت پیشگیری و درمان از عفونتهای باکتریایی و ویروسی استفاده شده Moreای. کلی انتروتوکسیژنیک K99 به عنوان یکی از مهمترین عوامل بیماریزای مرتبط با اسهال در گوسالههای نوزاد شناخته میشود. ایمنوگلوبینهای زرده تخم مرغ (IgY) به عنوان یک جایگزین ارزان برای آنتیبیوتیکها جهت پیشگیری و درمان از عفونتهای باکتریایی و ویروسی استفاده شده است. هدف از این مطالعه، تهیه IgY اختصاصی علیه ای. کلی انتروتوکسیژنیک K99 و بررسی اثربخشی آن در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بود. به این منظور ای. کلی K99 در محیط TSB کشت داده شد و باکتری توسط فرمالدهید غیر فعال شد. 30 قطعه مرغ لگهورن سفید به دو گروه مساوی کنترل و تیمار تقسیم شدند. یک میلیلیتر از سوسپانسیون باکتری یا سرم فیزیولوژیک استریل تهیه شد و با ادجوانت کامل فروند مخلوط شد. سوسپانسیون بدست آمده به مدت دوهفته در عضله سینه به ترتیب در مرغان گروه تیمار و کنترل تزریق شد. نمونه خون هر دوهفته یکبار از ورید بال مرغان گرفته شد و تخم مرغها به صورت روزانه جمعآوری شد. کل IgY با استفاده از پلی اتیلن گلایکول 6000 در زرده تخم مرغ مرغان ایمن شده خالصسازی شد. مقدار پروتئین در IgY خالص بوسیله روش بردفورد اندازهگیری شد. SDS-PAGE جهت تجزیه و تحلیل زنجیرههای IgY خالص مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تیتر IgY اختصاصی در سرم و زرده تخم مرغ به وسیله روش الایزای غیرمستقیم اندازهگیری شد. آزمون مهار رشد در شرایط آزمایشگاهی برای IgY اختصاصی و غیر اختصاصی در غلظتهای 100 و 200 میلیگرم در میلیلیتر ارزیابی شد. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده از الیزای غیر مستقیم، غلظت کل IgY در سرم و زرده تخم مرغ در گروه کنترل نسبتا ثابت بود در حالیکه در گروه تیمار به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت (05/0>P). سطح فعالیت باند کنندگی IgY اختصاصی در سرم و زرده تخم مرغ در مرغان ایمن شده نسبت به گروه کنترل افزایش یافت (0.05>P). IgY اختصاصی برای مهار رشد باکتری در غلظت 200 میلیگرم در ملیلیتر بیشترین مقدار بود. این نتایج میتواند نشان دهد که IgY تهیه شده علیه ای. کلی K99 میتواند از رشد این باکتری در شرایط آزمایشگاهی جلوگیری کند. Manuscript profile -
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682 - تأثیر جیره های حاوی سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد
م. عامی ازغدی ح. کرمانشاهی ع. گلیاناین آزمایش به جهت بررسی تاثیر خوراکهای حاوی سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد و پاسخ ایمنی در برابر SRBC در بلدرچینهای مولد تخمگذار ژاپنی و نتاج حاصل از آنها صورت گرفت. تعداد 432 قطعه بلدرچین (13 هفتگی) به 9 تیمار با 4 تکرار تقسیم شدند که در هر تکرار 9 پرنده ماده Moreاین آزمایش به جهت بررسی تاثیر خوراکهای حاوی سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین بر عملکرد و پاسخ ایمنی در برابر SRBC در بلدرچینهای مولد تخمگذار ژاپنی و نتاج حاصل از آنها صورت گرفت. تعداد 432 قطعه بلدرچین (13 هفتگی) به 9 تیمار با 4 تکرار تقسیم شدند که در هر تکرار 9 پرنده ماده و 3 پرنده نر قرار گرفت. آزمایش بصورت فاکتوریل 3 × 3 شامل سه سطح انرژی (2750، 2900 و 3050 کیلوکالری/کیلوگرم) و سه سطح پروتئین (18، 20 و 22 درصد) در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی انجام شد. وزن نتاج در پرندههای تغذیه شده با جیرهی حاوی 2750 کیلوکالری و 18 درصد پروتئین در هفتههای 1، 2 و 3 و همچنین کل دوره آزمایش کمتر از دیگر گروهها بود. تغذیه پرندگان با سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین تأثیری بر میزان مصرف خوراک آنها نداشت. سطوح مختلف انرژی و پروتئین خوراک در پرندگان مولد تأثیری بر مصرف خوراک نتاج نداشت. ضریب تبدیل پرندگان تغذیه شده با جیرههای حاوی 2750 کیلوکالری انرژی و 18 درصد پروتئین در کل دوره آزمایش نسبت به دیگر تیمارها به طور معنیداری افزایش یافت. تولید آنتیبادی در برابر SRBC در نتاج بلدرچینهای تغذیه شده با 2750 کیلوکالری و 18 یا 20 درصد پروتئین نسبت به دیگر تیمارها کاهش یافت. به طورکلی، استفاده از جیرههای حاوی 2750 کیلوکالری انرژی و 18 یا 20 درصد پروتئین در تغذیه بلدرچین مولد، تأثیر منفی بر عملکرد و پاسخ ایمنی نتاج تولیدی دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
683 - تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره غذایی بر عملکرد، تیتر آنتیبادی سرم و استخوان سازی جوجههای گوشتی
ف. فرودی پ. رضامنداین تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره دوره آغازین جوجههای گوشتی (15-0 روزگی) بر عملکرد، پاسخ آنتیبادی به واکسن نیوکاسل و استخوان سازی انجام شد. آزمایش با استفاده از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 انجام شد. جوجهها به طور تصادفی به 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار Moreاین تحقیق به منظور بررسی تأثیر افزودن والین به جیره دوره آغازین جوجههای گوشتی (15-0 روزگی) بر عملکرد، پاسخ آنتیبادی به واکسن نیوکاسل و استخوان سازی انجام شد. آزمایش با استفاده از 300 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نر سویه راس 308 انجام شد. جوجهها به طور تصادفی به 3 تیمار و 5 تکرار با 20 پرنده در هر تکرار دسته بندی شدند. جوجه با سه نوع جیره غذایی با غلظتهای مختلف از نظر والین تغذیه شدند که جیره غذایی اول با میزان کافی والین از نظر نیاز جوجههای گوشتی (0 درصد ال-والین) و جیرههای دوم و سوم با سطوح بیش از حد نیاز والین (08/0 درصد و 16/0 درصد ال-والین) بود. نتایج نشان داد که والین افزوده شده به جیرههای غذایی تغییری در مصرف خوراک، افزایش وزن بدن و ضریب تبدیل غذایی نداشت. در صورتیکه افزودن والین به جیرههای غذایی به طور معنیداری موجب افزایش تیتر HI گردید (05/0>P). افزودن والین به جیرههای غذایی تأثیر معنیداری بر غلظت کلسیم استخوان داشت (05/0>P)، اما اثری بر غلظت فسفر استخوان دیده نشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
684 - اثر تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانو ذرات اکسید روی بر قابلیت جوجه درآوری و سیستم ایمنی جوجه های گوشتی تفریخ شده
آ. بیریا ب. نویدشاد ف. میرزایی آقجه قشلاق س. نیک بینهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانوذرات اکسید روی بر قابلیت جوجه درآوری، عملکرد تولیدی و پاسخ­های ایمنی جوجه­های گوشتی بود. از 192 تخم بارور تهیه شده از گله مرغ مادر گوشتی راس 308 استفاده شد. تخم­ها به چهار گروه آزمایشی شامل یک گروه کنترل Moreهدف از این مطالعه بررسی اثرات تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانوذرات اکسید روی بر قابلیت جوجه درآوری، عملکرد تولیدی و پاسخ­های ایمنی جوجه­های گوشتی بود. از 192 تخم بارور تهیه شده از گله مرغ مادر گوشتی راس 308 استفاده شد. تخم­ها به چهار گروه آزمایشی شامل یک گروه کنترل مثبت با تزریق سرم نمکی نرمال و تزریق 50، 75 و 100 ppm نانوذرات اکسید روی در روز اول دوره جوجه­کشی در سلول هوایی تقسیم شده و در دستگاه جوجه­کشی قرار گرفتند. جوجه­های هچ شده در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار و چهار تکرار برای یک آزمایش 42 روزه مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانو ZnO باعث افزایش قابلیت جوجه درآوری تخم­ها نسبت به گروه کنترل شد (0.05>P). مصرف خوراک روزانه در مرحله آغازین به طور قابل توجهی در پرندگان در گروه­های 50 و 75 ppm nano-ZnO افزایش یافت (0.05>P). در مرحله رشد در دوره پرورش، نرخ رشد و خوراک مصرفی همه گروه­های تزریق­شده با نانو اکسید روی بالاتر از گروه شاهد بود (0.05>P). تفاوت معنی­داری در ضریب تبدیل خوراک بین گروه­های مختلف مشاهده نشد (0.05<P). نتایج تیتر آنتی­بادی علیه ویروس آنفلوانزا در سن 10 روزگی تفاوتی بین تیمارهای آزمایشی نشان نداد (0.05<P). شمارش هتروفیل، لنفوسیت­ها، مونوسیت­ها و هماتوکریت در خون جوجه­های گوشتی در 10 روزگی اختلاف معنی­داری نشان نداد (0.05<P). نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان می­دهد که تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانو ذرات ZnO اثرات مثبتی بر میزان مرگ و میر اولیه جنین و کل سلول­های سفید خون داشت، اما عملکرد تولیدی جوجه­ های تفریخ ­شده به طور معنی­داری تحت تأثیر تزریق درون تخم مرغی نانو ذرات روی قرار نگرفت. Manuscript profile -
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685 - تأثیرات جاذبهای مختلف سموم بر میزان دیازینون باقیمانده در تفاله انگور سفید، تولید و ترکیب شیر و بقایای سم در بزهای شیرده مهابادی
ب. پورمحمود ر. پیرمحمدی ح. خلیلوندی بهروزیارامروزه تحقیقات نشان می‏دهد که بهترین و در عین حال باصرفهترین شیوه کاهش بروز اختلالات مربوط به سموم دفع آفات و یا جلوگیری از انتقال این سموم به شیر و سایر فرآورده‏های دامی، استفاده از مواد جاذب و یا مواد باندکننده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیرگذاری جاذب&r Moreامروزه تحقیقات نشان می‏دهد که بهترین و در عین حال باصرفهترین شیوه کاهش بروز اختلالات مربوط به سموم دفع آفات و یا جلوگیری از انتقال این سموم به شیر و سایر فرآورده‏های دامی، استفاده از مواد جاذب و یا مواد باندکننده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیرگذاری جاذب‏های مختلف سموم (مایکوفیکس پلاس-بیوتوکس-بیو‏اسید) بر میزان سم دیازینون باقیمانده در تفاله انگور و اثرات آنها بر تولید و ترکیب شیر و بقایای سم در شیر انجام گرفت. در این مطالعه از 20 رأس بز شیرده نژاد مهابادی با 4 تیمار آزمایشی و 5 تکرار در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی استفاده شد. میزان تولید شیر به صورت معنیداری تحت تأثیر جاذب‏های بیوتوکس و مایکوفیکس پلاس قرار گرفت (05/0P<). جاذب‏ها نقش مثبت و معنی‏داری در کاهش سم دیازینون خوراک داشتند (05/0P<). در عین حال جاذب بیوتوکس در جیره‏های غذایی با سطوح بالای تفاله انگور بیشترین کاهش سم دیازینون را داشت. میزان سم دیازینون انتقالیافته به شیر تحت تأثیر تیمار بیوتوکس و بیو‏اسید کاهش معنی‏داری داشت (05/0P<) و کمتر از استاندارد بینالمللی باقیمانده دیازینون در شیر بود.به طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که ترکیبات جاذب سموم در جیره‏های دارای سطوح بالای تفاله انگور مقادیر سم دیازینون را کاهش داده و علاوه بر تضمین سلامتی و افزایش کارایی تولید شیر، سبب تولید محصول سالم‏تری می‏گردد. در این تحقیق بیشترین تأثیر در کاهش دیازینون باقیمانده در شیر در جاذب بیوتوکس و بیواسید بود. Manuscript profile -
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686 - پلی ساکارید جینسنگ (Panax ginseng) میتواند در جوجههای گوشتی ایمنی علیه ویروس آنفلوانزای طیور H9N2 را بهبود دهد
اس. کالون آ.ی. عبدالهیظرفیت ایجاد ایمنی هومورال پلی ساکاارید جین­سنگ (GPS) علیه ویروس آنفلوآنزای طیور H9N2 در جوجه­های گوشتی بررسی شد. اثرات تیمار قبل و در طی آلودگی با ویروس آنفلوانزای طیور H9N2 در فیبروبلاست جنین جوجه­ها (CEF) توسط MTT (3(4 و 5-دی متیل تیازول)-2 و 3- دی فتییل Moreظرفیت ایجاد ایمنی هومورال پلی ساکاارید جین­سنگ (GPS) علیه ویروس آنفلوآنزای طیور H9N2 در جوجه­های گوشتی بررسی شد. اثرات تیمار قبل و در طی آلودگی با ویروس آنفلوانزای طیور H9N2 در فیبروبلاست جنین جوجه­ها (CEF) توسط MTT (3(4 و 5-دی متیل تیازول)-2 و 3- دی فتییل تترالیوم­بروماید) و تجزیه کمی MHC با روش RT-PCR و بیان سیتوکین تعیین شد. درصدهای سلول­های TCD3+، CD4+ و CD8+ در لنفوسیت­های خون احشایی و تیترهای آنتی­بادی سرمی در آزمایشگاه تعیین شدند. بیان بالای MHCII و سیتوکین­های IL-2، IL-4 و IL-10 در تیمارهای CEF و GPS قبل و در طی عفونت با H9N2 مشاهده شد. این نتایج مشخص نمود که فعالیت ضد­ویروسی GPS توسط پیش تیمار CEF افزایش یافت و اینکه GPS پاسخ­های ایمنی هومورال اولیه را در جوجه­های جوان تسریع میکند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
687 - Genetic Polymorphism Detection of the Exon 1 Region of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Alpha Gene in Iranian Mahabadi Goat Breed
س. جوزی شکالگورابی ح. مرادی شهربابک م. عباسی فیروزجائی آ. قربانی -
Open Access Article
688 - Evaluation of Different Estimation Methods of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration and Their Comparison with the Pan Evaporation Method case study: Islamabad-Gharb Area عنوان کوتاه
mohammad amin parandin seyed aliashraf sadraddiniAn irrigation planning is set in order to determining the soil water balance and estimation of the water future consumption based on the calculation or measuremant of the Evapotranspiration values, which providing a possibility for prediction of a real time that corresp MoreAn irrigation planning is set in order to determining the soil water balance and estimation of the water future consumption based on the calculation or measuremant of the Evapotranspiration values, which providing a possibility for prediction of a real time that corresponding to the moisture index of management Allowed Deficit (MAD) in soil. This study was conducted for evaluation different reference evapotranspiration models in Islamabad-Gharb area. for this purpose, the monthly data of Islamabad-Gharb synoptic Meteorology stations during a period of 30-year (1394-1364)were used. After restruction of the missed data and verification of the reference stations, values of the evapotranspiration were calculated with 9 valied formulas using REF-ET software. In order to determine the best method, the output values of the models were compared with evaporation pan data, using some statistical criterio. According to the results, the highest correlation coeficient (r=0.99) was obtained between the output data of the Blaney- Cradle model and evaporation pan. Also the minimum root mean square error (RMSE) values of 22.2 (mm/day) and 24.42 (mm/day) were belogend to the models of torque and Blaney- Cradle, respectively. Furthermore the highest efficiency (EF) value(0.93) was obtained for the both models of Blaney- Cradle and torque. Hence by considering the resulted minimum mean percentage error (MAPE) value (0.01) for Blaney-Cradle, this model was proposed as the most suitable model for application in the studied area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
689 - Investigation of meteorological drought Eslamabad-e Gharb using of draught indices
Rasoul BagherabadiDrought is one of the most important climatic phenomena that is caused by climatic anomalies. Which occurs periodically due to lack of moisture due to reduced rainfall. Drought duration may vary from month to several years. Therefore, by monitoring and evaluating the dr MoreDrought is one of the most important climatic phenomena that is caused by climatic anomalies. Which occurs periodically due to lack of moisture due to reduced rainfall. Drought duration may vary from month to several years. Therefore, by monitoring and evaluating the drought, the damage caused by it can be reduced. Drought is one of the most important and destructive phenomena that in recent years has left many economic and social effects in the city of Islamabad, West. Therefore, in this study, the drought situation of Islamabad West using rainfall data in 30 years (1991 to 2020) using DIP software on an annual basis of drought status based on PNI, SPI, ZSI, CZI was used as a measure to monitor meteorological drought. The results showed that these indicators were consistent with each other, so that based on the above indicators, the results show that in Islamabad West in 1999 and 2014, the most severe drought occurred in the statistical period. In 2005 and 2008, drought occurred with a moderate drought situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
690 - Evaluation of Different Determination Methods of Class A Pan Evaporation Coefficient For Estimation daily Evapotranspiration In Islamabad-Gharb Area
amirhosein nazemi mohammad amin parandin seyed aliashraf sadraddiniThermal energy in the air, causing the evaporation of water in the hydrosphere Tremblay and This action continues until saturation the air from the water vapor. evaporate maybe accur from surface water or from wet soil or transpiration from the plants. a common method t MoreThermal energy in the air, causing the evaporation of water in the hydrosphere Tremblay and This action continues until saturation the air from the water vapor. evaporate maybe accur from surface water or from wet soil or transpiration from the plants. a common method to estimate ( ) is using class A pan Evaporation, In this case, multiplying of evaporation from class A pan Evaporation in pan coefficient (Kp) can be achieved (ET0). Pan coefficient (Kp) depends on the location and weather conditions. There are several ways to estimate evaporation pan Coefficient that in all of them is used from daily mean of wind speed (U), relative humidity (H) and the cover (F). The purpose of this research is to find the best evaporation pan coefficient method in Islamabad-Gharb Area, between empirical methods Doorenbos And Pruitt (1977), the Cuenca (1989), the Allen and Pruitt (1991), Model Schneider (1992), model Pereira et al. (1995), the Orang (1998) and the FAO 56 (Allen et al. (1998)) according to the data of meteorological stations Islamabad-Gharb and Compare them with Kp values obtained by dividing the . The values of ET0 are extracted from the lysimetric data from 1395. The results showed that Orang model with a correlation coefficient of 0.99, the root mean square difference of 0.008, efficiency or performance of 0.98 and the mean percentage error (0.003) is much less than other methods shows better and The coefficient of determination show the suitability of the Orang method (0.98). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
691 - Time variation of dust concentration due to wind blowing using wind tunnel
ABDOLAZIM GHOMEISHI Mehdi Ghomeshi MOHAMMAD MAHMOODIAN SHOOSHTARI AHMAD LANDI Mohammad hossein purmohammadiDust is created by wind erosion. In nature, based on the size of the particles, the movement of soil particles due to wind is carried out in three ways. Rolling, jumping and suspension. In the wind ranges that usually occur in nature, proportional to the diameter of the MoreDust is created by wind erosion. In nature, based on the size of the particles, the movement of soil particles due to wind is carried out in three ways. Rolling, jumping and suspension. In the wind ranges that usually occur in nature, proportional to the diameter of the soil particles, these three modes of particle motion are somewhat separable. Particles smaller than 0.1 mm in diameter are usually suspended, soil particles with a diameter of 0.05 to 0.5 mm usually bounce, and soil particles with a diameter of 0.5 to 2 mm move in a crawling (rolling) manner. In the wind tunnel tests, which were conducted on the soil samples collected from the dust centers in the southeast of Ahvaz. It showed that at the reference point, when the wind blows, a lot of dust is formed in front of the soil mass.The obtained results show that the maximum amount of dust is formed in the first 150 seconds. The maximum amount of dust produced occurs in the first 85 seconds, which is about 7 times more than the dust after the first 150 seconds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
692 - Model of Urban Resilience in the Face of Flood Crisis: A Case Study of Khorramroud, Khorramabad City
Amirreza Parvari Keramatollah Ziari Saeid YazdaniResilience is one of the significant concerns of cities today, especially risky cities. The weakness of urban crisis management in the face of risks leads to substantial human and financial losses. In this regard, the present study aims to provide a model for urban resi MoreResilience is one of the significant concerns of cities today, especially risky cities. The weakness of urban crisis management in the face of risks leads to substantial human and financial losses. In this regard, the present study aims to provide a model for urban resilience against flood risk in Khorramabad city. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of the method of data collection, and survey-based in terms of its execution. The research method employed is quantitative. SMART PLS software was utilized for data analysis. The findings of the research were validated using the Smart PLS software, indicating that the structure of communication arteries and river boundaries are fundamental factors in flood resilience for Khorramabad city. Khorramroud irrigation is currently facing a flood crisis. The primary cause of flooding in the Khorramroud River is the violation of its boundaries and a lack of respect for nature and the environment. Therefore, it can be inferred that until the natural resources in the country are violated and individuals don't equip and secure themselves against natural disasters, they have to experience such bitter calamities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
693 - Understanding the future uncertainties of the state of urban development plans in Iran in the context of scenario planning (Case study: Noorabad city master plan)
Ahmad Rezaiee Marzie Moghali Ebrahim AfifiComprehensive urban plans, as the most important management tool on a city-wide scale, have faced problems in the decades that have passed since their emergence, which have accompanied the achievement of their intended goals and results. Addressing the issue of comprehe MoreComprehensive urban plans, as the most important management tool on a city-wide scale, have faced problems in the decades that have passed since their emergence, which have accompanied the achievement of their intended goals and results. Addressing the issue of comprehensive plan evaluation is considered an important tool to measure the success and feasibility of comprehensive plan proposals and will help urban planners to better deal with the problems of preparing and compiling comprehensive plans that have been prepared Become familiar. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the feasibility of the main and effective proposals in the comprehensive plan of Noorabad Mamasani City using the application of the futurology approach. The present study, in terms of applied purpose, has been conducted in terms of exploratory method at the exploratory level and based on the future research approach. In this study, using the Delphi method and the participation of 30 experts, the results were analyzed in the Mick Mac software environment, and then these factors were determined based on the importance and uncertainty, prioritization, and the most vital factors, and to identify the drivers. The key is the software (Micmac) and the script is used for the scripting wizard software. interference of officials, lack of communication with the consultant, unreasonable solutions, lack of attention to local conditions, lack of government assistance, lack of credit assistance, and lack of stable income. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
694 - .
bi bi moazzameh heydari Seyyed Mohammad Baqir Kamaluddini Aztabadi seyed abbas tabatabaei -
Open Access Article
695 - The analysis of position of mentioning in Quran and its reflection on Islamic mysticism
taher Khoshhal.Dastjerdi marzeh KazamiTo Mention and remember Allah play an important role in the evolution of spirituality in human beings and it is considered to be one of the most important Islamic worship. That is why the Holy Qur'an includes many verses about it. Allah in Holy Qur'an wants the be MoreTo Mention and remember Allah play an important role in the evolution of spirituality in human beings and it is considered to be one of the most important Islamic worship. That is why the Holy Qur'an includes many verses about it. Allah in Holy Qur'an wants the believers always to remember and mention Him. He also remind them the consequences of disobedience of this order and warn them against it. The position of mentioning Allah in Islamic mysticism were under the influence of Qur'an verses as well as many Hadiths which describes the value of this action. Mystics and great Sufism by understanding the high position and importance of mentioning Allah always in their speeches or in their prose and verses, ask followers to do it. By referring to Qur'an verses, they remind their followers the importance of this worship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
696 - The Functional Analysis of Educational-Psychological Archetype of "the World" in Naser Khosro’s Poems (Based on Gilbert Doran Theory)
Arezoo Ahmadbeigi Ghorban Ali Ebrahimi shahrzad NiaziThe archetype of "the World" is one of the oldest images existed in the poetry of some poets since the beginning of Persian poetry and it has been reflected until the end of the eighth century AH. The image that Naser Khosrow has depicted in his relationship with the wo MoreThe archetype of "the World" is one of the oldest images existed in the poetry of some poets since the beginning of Persian poetry and it has been reflected until the end of the eighth century AH. The image that Naser Khosrow has depicted in his relationship with the world contained unappealing traits such as incompatibility, enmity, hatred, and so on. Naser Khosro is amongst the poets having a didactic viewpoint with the aim of warning man's attachment to the universe, its pests and dangers. He has frequently used this archetype in his poetry and focused on "commanding to the virtues" and "Prohibition the vices." He has also indicated the negative traits of the world and in shaping the structure of one's imagination and educational thinking system. This article aims at applying Gilbert Doran’s theoretical views (the famous French theorist and anthropologist) of the imaginative structure in Naser Khosro's Divan. The research intends to indicate that there is a direct and close relationship among issues such as the concept of time, death, and the poet’s reaction to controlling time. The creation of didactic images by the poet is basically a struggle to control time and get rid of death and its resulting fear. The frequency of such images in Naser Khosro’s Divan approve that fear of time passage has penetrated the poet's mind, led him to create images which have often been in the form of advice; the point that has been overlooked in the theory of the age. This article intends to explain and analyze the female gender in the formation of archetype of "the world" the universe. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
697 - .
Ali Eshghi Sardehi Reyhane Faramarzi Kaffash Hasan Delbari ابوالقاسم امیراحمدی -
Open Access Article
698 - The spiritual journey of Sanai and Abolalla
mahdi SalmaniThe characteristics of human beings for creating imaginations and the attempt for escaping from worldly limitations led him to think paranormally. The manifestation of this thinking is a form of literature which is called spiritual itinerary or itinerary to another worl MoreThe characteristics of human beings for creating imaginations and the attempt for escaping from worldly limitations led him to think paranormally. The manifestation of this thinking is a form of literature which is called spiritual itinerary or itinerary to another world. This literature is very noticeable in world and every culture has some types of it. There are some masterpieces in this style in the Islamic literature which somehow reflected in European literature and affect it. Just as Dante's Divine comedy which reflected in the works like Erdaveiraf Nameh, Fotoohat Makiyeh and etc….. We can claim that all works of this type dates bakes to ascending of Prophet Mohammad. Among Islamic spiritual itinerary, there are two masterpieces, namely; Seyr al- 'ebad elal-ma 'adof Sana'i and Moayeri's Thesis of Alghofran Abolala which have different points of view. These two masterpieces haven't been analyzed properly due to their complex structures and thoughts of their writers. In this article, the attempt is firstly to introduce theses two journeys and then to find common features of them. Therefore, the similarities and differences of these two journeys are presented within the limits of all spiritual journeys for those who are interested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
699 - Analyzing the Didactic Doctrines in the Outstanding Mystical and Sufi works of Hakim Molla Abbas Ali Kaivani Ghazvini
Nasser Mohseni Nia Mohsen Abolghasemi Roghayeh SadraeiAmong different literary types, didactic literature has no definite boundary and after lyric poetry, this literary type has the highest occurance in Persian literature. The introduction of Sufism and mysticism into Persian literature has played an important role in deve MoreAmong different literary types, didactic literature has no definite boundary and after lyric poetry, this literary type has the highest occurance in Persian literature. The introduction of Sufism and mysticism into Persian literature has played an important role in development and fulfillment of this significant literary genre in the way that the sufis and and mystics mostly tended to express their own ideas through this literary type. The present research intends to analyze four of the most prominent sufi works of sufi Keyvan Ghazvini Mollah Abbasali (1862-1938) who was the philosopher, interpreter, poet and also a great sufi of the late Qajar period and the early years of the first Pahlavi's. These four works include: Raz Gosha (Mystry Unraveler), Behin Sokhan (Best Speeches), Ostevar Razdar (Secretive Consistent) and Erfan Nameh (Mysticism Letters). His major ethical and critical views about Gonabadiyeh sufi leaders (Aghtab) were illustrated in these works after his separation from them and they had been based upon his own quotations. He attempted to demonstrate the main reason of his separation from Gonabadiyeh group after a long period of accompanying them, his critical beliefs towards them, his own unique and unprecedented views, his innovations in Sufism and mystical issues, and their scientific value and acceptability. The reaserch method used in this study is descriptive-analytical using the library studies and its approach is critical discussion. It is done through studying and analyzing the above-mentioned works. The results of the present research, which rely on a detailed analysis of the author's thoughts, show that Qazvini's reason for his separation from Gonabadieh and its extremity and his perefernce to be detatched from Sufism and its traditional approach of master-disciple and aslo his ethical criticism of Gonabadieh could not be related either to his frustration of achieving material goals or to his frustration in acquiring the position of leader of Gonabadieh. The main reason for his separation from different Sufi sects, especially from Gonabadieh after nearly thirty years, was that he realized that this kind of Sufism and mysticism could not satisfy his internal yearning. When this bitter truth became apparent for him, he decided to criticize its ethics and to reject them and then to provide a new and accurate definition of true Sufism and mysticism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
700 - .
مژگان محمدی mohammadreza Hassani Jalilian سید محسن حسینی مؤخر -
Open Access Article
701 - Assessment and Analysis of Physical Development and Land Use Changes on Parsabad Moghan City Using Remote Sensing Data
Mohamad Reza Pourmohammadi Mehdi Moazzeni Bahman HadiliRandom urban growth leads to urban development and land use changes. Changes in land use in urban areas typically reflect the economic development and population growth. Parsabad city as a newly established city in recent years has seen rapid physical development as wel MoreRandom urban growth leads to urban development and land use changes. Changes in land use in urban areas typically reflect the economic development and population growth. Parsabad city as a newly established city in recent years has seen rapid physical development as well. This expansion causes changes in land use of the city and suburbs. The research method is descriptive-analytical, data collection method is documentary and field method, and tools used in this research for analyzing the data include ENVI 5, IDRISI SELVA, and ARC GIS softwares. In this study in order to analyse urban development and land use changes during different periods, remote sensing data, Landsat sensor TM in 1989 satellite images, the ETM 2002 Landsat, and Landsat 8 (OLI) 2015 on June months have been used. For analyzing the changes, Crosstab function in Idrisi Selva’s environement is used. The results showed that build-up urban land area has expanded from 278 hectares in 1989 to 560 hectares in 2002 and 820 hectares in 2015 year. The amount of urban development play a major role at the Loss of other lands, especially barren and farm lands, subsequently led to declination of barren land area from 1059 hectares in 1989 to 192 hectares in 2015. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
702 - Analysis Role of spatial factors in rural-urban labor seasonal migration, Case study: Sarvabad County
farzad veisi mohammad salmani mohammad reza rezvani M. PourtaheriThis study aims is to explore the role of spatial factors in the rural labor seasonal migration to the cities. For this purpose, of spatial factors, the three components of Earth's average of rural household, distance from city and rural height choose and the seasonal m MoreThis study aims is to explore the role of spatial factors in the rural labor seasonal migration to the cities. For this purpose, of spatial factors, the three components of Earth's average of rural household, distance from city and rural height choose and the seasonal migration from rural areas has been calculated on the basis of these three parameters. The study population will comprise the heads of rural households of Sarvabad County. Of 65 Village in county, 13 villages (20%) randomly selected as sample and of 11700 rural households, 323 heads of households were selected based on logical formula Cochran. In each of the 13 villages 24 questionnaires randomly distribute and completed. Finally, with using the Pearson correlation between immigration and spatial factors, distance, the household average of land and village heights has been investigated. Descriptive findings showed that the largest number of immigrants stay to 4 months in the seasonal migration (54%), seasonal migration for 48 per cent up to 10 years .More immigrants are spring migrants season (60%) and the return spring season (60%), autumn season is (39.3). Seasonal migrants jobs for 57% of the sample, is a construction worker. According to Pearson, two parameter of the land average of household and distance from the city with measure of seasonal migration has been highly correlated and altitude of villages is no correlated. Accordingly, we can conclude spatial factors in the development of seasonal migration of rural labor force are involved in the Sarvabad County. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
703 - On the Effects Analysis of Microgrids in Occurring the Challenge of Human Settlements in Urban Space (Case Study: Abadan City)
M. shayan S. Ghanbari F. salmanpoor M. miri M. sanaie qohiEvery year, wind erosion and its related problems imposed heavily damages to the environment, social and health parts of the society. Iran, due to the extent of dry-scrubbing and dust that cover each year a large part of the country, coping and optimal guidance of this MoreEvery year, wind erosion and its related problems imposed heavily damages to the environment, social and health parts of the society. Iran, due to the extent of dry-scrubbing and dust that cover each year a large part of the country, coping and optimal guidance of this phenomenon is very important. The objective of this study was effects analysis of microgrids in occurring the challenge of human settlements in urban space of Abadan. The population under study included all citizens of Abadan city (N=283601). The sample under study were 250 persons which were selected by stratified sampling method and by the use of Cochran formula. The tool for collecting field study data was a researcher-made questionnaire which its validity was confirmed using the views of the relevant experts and university professors after necessary reforms. The reliability of the study tool was assessed using pre-test (using 30 questionnaires) and Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated and the results of the pre-test confirmed the reliability of the research tool (Cronbach alpha, 0.7). The results which had been done by the use of SPSS software determined that the level of the awareness of majority of people of that region form the effects of its complications and effects was at average level, but they were in forced to continue living with that in forced phenomenon. The results of the effects of the microgrids on the factors studied showed that this matter posed a serious threat to the physical and mental well-being of the settlements and their environment. It also reduced recreation and sports activities in terms of cultural and social factors. Reducing residents' income was one of the economic factor indexes that had been affected by the phenomenon of microorganisms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
704 - On the Effects' Evaluation and Analysis of the Implementation Rural Guiding Plans to Improve the Quality of Villagers Life (Case Study: Khavmirabad Villages of Marivan District)
S. Mohammadi سید هادی tayebnya B. Taba A. DavoodiPromoting and improving the quality of life of villagers is the main goal of implementing rural development programs, and most notably, rural guiding plan is as the most case-driven local development projects. In this regard, it is required that after several years of i MorePromoting and improving the quality of life of villagers is the main goal of implementing rural development programs, and most notably, rural guiding plan is as the most case-driven local development projects. In this regard, it is required that after several years of implementation of the conducting of the conducting of the projects, an assessment would be made to determine the consequences of the implementation of the plan on the changes in the quality of life of the villagers. On the other hand, by identifying the strengths and weaknesses, the information necessary is gained for improved management of these plans to improve the quality of life of villagers. This is the main objective of this applied research, which had been done through descriptive-analytical method and its data had been collected from both documentary and field sources (Interview, Questionnaire and Observation). The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size of the population, the households supervisors of 8 villages (1252 households) of Khavmirabad district who had been conducting their rural guiding plan for at least 3 years and 250 supervisors which were selected as sample size and after stratified distribution of questionnaires in the villages, questionnaires were distributed randomly among households. The results of data analysis using descriptive statistics (Mean and Mode) and inferential statistics (chi-square, single-sample t-test, Pearson correlation, one-way variance analysis and path analysis) showed that implementation of rural guiding plan failed in promotion and improvement of the economic and social dimensions of the quality of villagers' life. In contrast, it had increased the quality of villagers' life in two dimensions: environmental and physical Also, there is a significant relationship between the quality of villagers' life with the history of implementation of projects and the population of villages, and this is the physical dimension that has had the greatest impact on improving the quality of villagers' life by implementation of rural guiding plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
705 - Prioritization Rural Areas, Based on Indices Livability (Case Study: Zaghe District, Khoram Abad County)
Ali Monazam Esmail Poor Hadis Shahverdi Ahmad Roumiani Elias JahraziToday, assessing the viability of rural areas considered rural settlements planning a novel concepts in the literature is made And access to services and facilities to promote sustainable ecological principles Planning and sociology has attracted the attention and the s MoreToday, assessing the viability of rural areas considered rural settlements planning a novel concepts in the literature is made And access to services and facilities to promote sustainable ecological principles Planning and sociology has attracted the attention and the strong emphasis limitations. The aim of this study Prioritization based on viable rural village in the slums is. And trying to prepared questionnaire mining related indices, examine the viability of rural areas. Applied research and analytical method is used for data analysis and data model is used Kvpras. The findings showed that the differences between indices of 14 children in the rural areas studied there, The findings showed that the differences between indices of 14 children in the rural areas studied there, The J and Taleghan rural castle with a series N (100/00 and 86/ 64) to accept because of the large population, the infrastructure facilities and services (such as health care, telecommunications and Convenient access) A habitable condition And the village of Mir Ahmadi occult and the set N (56/63 and 65/72) service due to lack of infrastructure, distance from the centers of rural and less populated than other villages in the worst viability is located. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
706 - Determination and Improvement of Crime Vulnerability Areas of Hematabad District in Isfahan Using Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) Approach
Homayoon NooraieThe aim of this research is to apply Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach for security improvement of Hematabad district in Isfahan as the case study. To achieve this goal, we used documentary and surveying methods for data gathering and geogra MoreThe aim of this research is to apply Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) approach for security improvement of Hematabad district in Isfahan as the case study. To achieve this goal, we used documentary and surveying methods for data gathering and geographic information system (GIS), SPSS and expert choice software for data analysis and overlaying. Results indicate that Hematabad district have a lot of potential point for crime in term of CPTED approach and in terms of the principles of CPTED approach (Consists of "enhancing natural surveillance", "enhancing natural access control", "Territorial reinforcement", "Protection and maintenance of environment" and "community-based activity support"). Also, the results show overall, according to the measures of the CPTED, most of these potential points for the occurrence of crime are located in the piriphery the Hemmat Abad district in Isfahan, not in the center of the district. This is especially due to the lack of "natural surveillance capabilities", "community-based activities" and the "protection and maintenance of the environment" in these areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
707 - Investigation and evaluation of Environmental Power in Rural Areas (Case Study: Vakil Abad Village of Baft City, Kerman Province)
Mohammad Sadeqh Oliaei Somayeh AziziThe present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the environmental capabilities of villages in Vakil Abad village and by documentary and survey method with interviewer and questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is based on the census of 1 MoreThe present study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the environmental capabilities of villages in Vakil Abad village and by documentary and survey method with interviewer and questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is based on the census of 1395 including 1717 households, Using the Cochran formula, 310 people were selected as the sample size and The method of choosing a household to complete the questionnaires was based on a simple random method. Descriptive-analytic research method and in terms of application purpose, using SPSS 22 software and statistical analysis and Arc Gis is used to draw maps. The results of the research showed, Vakil Abad villages suffers from imbalances and Its effects are observed in all social and economic fields. The spatial distribution of activities and facilities was not uniform and the concentration and dispersion of population and activity were different in different regions. The lack of water resources and limitation of soil resources, the dryness of the air, the annual rainfall, the light soil texture and the inability to preserve and save the moisture and the poverty of rangelands are among the fundamental constraints. Also, severe natural resource constraints have weakened the ability to maintain population and low population density, and limits the rate of agricultural, industrial and service activity and the limited benefit of development factors and indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
708 - Explaining the Role of Social Security in Promoting Social Health in the Informal Settlement Area (Case: Aslam Abad Area in Zanjan City)
Mohammad Taghi Heydari Majid HazratiSocial security is one of the important elements of the power of civil society and serves as a complement to the survival of natural and human capital in the urban spatial development process, which emphasizes networking, trust and relationships within the community as MoreSocial security is one of the important elements of the power of civil society and serves as a complement to the survival of natural and human capital in the urban spatial development process, which emphasizes networking, trust and relationships within the community as a major contributor to urban spatial development. It is considered as a key factor in the development of urban socio-spatial development. Through social empowerment, collective organization, voluntary contributions to solving collective or public problems contribute to the social well-being of the community. As social security decreases, the incidence of disease and social anomalies also increases . On the other hand, poverty also reduces social security and, consequently, social health in society. By contrast, the increase in social justice leads to a reduction in class inequality and, as a result, increased social security and increased social security through the establishment of norms for health and the control and monitoring of high-risk behaviors as well as by reducing chronic stress and its negative consequences Will have a great impact on people's health. Considering that extensive studies on social security in urban environments, especially marginalized areas and informal settlements, have been carried out, but little research has been conducted on the impact of public safety on the components of social health, especially in informal settlements. Hence, this research seeks to assess the impact of social security on the social health of inhabitants of informal urban settlements, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
709 - Analysis of factors Affecting the Urban Life Quality (Case study:Islamabad and Karmandan Neighborhoods City of Zanjan)
Mohsen Ahadnejad Saeid Najafi Hojjat Mohamadi TorkamaniThe emergence Cities of the second great revolution in human culture, a prominent social phenomenon that causes a change in the mutual relations of humans with each other. Quality of life is a complex, multi-dimensional, time and place of the relative influence of indiv MoreThe emergence Cities of the second great revolution in human culture, a prominent social phenomenon that causes a change in the mutual relations of humans with each other. Quality of life is a complex, multi-dimensional, time and place of the relative influence of individual and social values that are used in different studies with different objectives. The aim of this analysis of the factors affecting the quality of life in neighborhoods of the Zanjan city (neighborhoods Islamabad and karmandan). The research is descriptive - analytical use of library resources and data survey. The data entered into the software Spss and then to analyze the factors affecting from Criteria Decision Models, AHP and independent t-test and significant impact criteria used path analysis. First, the results suggest that social factors, cultural, religious, physical, environmental, economic and physical factors influencing the lives of the residents of the neighborhood have been effective, and secondly Physical indicators has the highest impact on improving the quality of life in neighborhoods Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
710 - analysis effects of Handicraft’s producing on the sustainable livelihoods capitals of rural households, (Case Study: Oraman district in Kurdistan province)
farzad veisi sadi mohammadi mojdeh azimiIntroduction: Today, handicrafts are a part of the rural economy of rural households, and if properly planned, they can play a more important role in the villages of Oraman.Research aim: The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of handicraft production on MoreIntroduction: Today, handicrafts are a part of the rural economy of rural households, and if properly planned, they can play a more important role in the villages of Oraman.Research aim: The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of handicraft production on sustainable livelihood capital of rural households in Oraman Takht area of Sarovabad city in Kurdistan province.Methodology: Statistical Society this research Descriptive- Analytical, was Sarvabad county Uraman district located in the Kurdistan province (N=4192). Comparison of different levels of livelihood Capital in The two gorup villages at no crafts and crafts producer. Sample sizebase on Cochran formula was 351 sample. The research instrument included a questionnaire for five livelihoods (physical, human, social, financial and natural capitals) and handicrafts. The reliability of the designed questionnaire was confirmed with coefficient of 0.79.Studied Areas: The geographical area of this research is Oraman district of Sarovabad county in Kurdistan province.Results: The results of Friedman and Kruskal Wallis tests showed that there is a significant difference between financial, natural and physical capital in two groups of households. Also, the results of Spearman's correlation coefficient showed that there is a significant relationship between handicrafts and rural livelihoods. Correlation intensity showed that handicrafts had the most positive impact on physical, physical and natural capital, respectively. In terms of capital ranking in two groups in the group of handicraft producers are physical, natural, financial, social and human capital, respectively, and among households without handicraft production, human, social, financial, natural and Physically ranked. It should be noted that in any livelihood capital, the average of household without handicrafts is not equal or greater than the average sustainable livelihood capital of a household with handicrafts.Conclusion: According to the data analysis, it can be concluded that handicrafts have played a very important role in promoting sustainable livelihoods of households in the group of households producing handicrafts. In order to improve the livelihood capital of rural households and reduce poverty and develop rural housing, planners and executives should consider the production and training of handicrafts in rural households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
711 - Evaluation of the effect of permeability element on quality improvement in public open spaces with Space Syntax method (Study sample: Bagherabad neighborhood of Rasht)
Hannie Hasanipour Ali Kazemi Arash SaghafiIntroduction: Urban open spaces are an integral part of cities, especially metropolises, which are a haven for the presence and activity of citizens, and according to the requirements of modern life, their existence today is one of the main factors in the quality of the MoreIntroduction: Urban open spaces are an integral part of cities, especially metropolises, which are a haven for the presence and activity of citizens, and according to the requirements of modern life, their existence today is one of the main factors in the quality of the living environment .The quality of urban spaces is a function of various physical, functional, aesthetic, social, and economic factors that have been analyzed and evaluated from different perspectives from the past to the present..Research Aim: In this study, the issue of permeability and accessibility of urban street spaces has been specifically addressed. In fact, the aim was to determine to what extent the quality of the environment increases with the increase of accesses, or in other words, the construction of new access roads.Methodology: For analysis, the space arrangement technique has been used, in which the components of interconnection, control, selection, depth and connection in two waysVisibility and Axial map are evaluated.Studied Areas: To analyze this issue, a study sample of Bagherabad neighborhood of Rasht has been used. This area is composed of busy passages that in the period of 25 years (1373 to 1398) a new passage in width, A number of north-south passages connect this area.Results: Evaluations have shown that the maps of 1398 have been greatly improved in these components compared to the original map.In fact, according to the analysis of spatial arrangement parameters,The results showed that correlation in the area in general in 1398,It is more than 1373.Conclusion: Due to the increase in accessibility and permeability of this area through the construction of an east-west street,Based on this, it can be concluded that greater accessibility has increased spatial interconnection, which ultimately indicates an improvement in the quality of urban space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
712 - Structural models for measuring the dimensions of citizens' residential satisfaction with the quality of urban living environment (Case study: Nurabad city)
rasol heidary Kamran Dowlatyarian Mohsen ShaterianAppropriate quality environment creates a sense of well-being and satisfaction for its residents through physical or social and symbolic characteristics. In fact, satisfaction with residential quality means assessing the environment in relation to the needs and desires MoreAppropriate quality environment creates a sense of well-being and satisfaction for its residents through physical or social and symbolic characteristics. In fact, satisfaction with residential quality means assessing the environment in relation to the needs and desires of citizens of the residential unit, neighborhood and residential area Is. The sample size was estimated using Cochran's formula 382 and the reliability of the research tool was calculated using Cronbach's alpha with a value of 0.920, which indicates the desirability of the research tool. T-test was used for descriptive and inferential analysis of data and structural equation modeling in SPSS and AMOS software was used to explain and model the effects. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the status of all indicators of urban environmental quality in the study area is not in an acceptable situation and all indicators are below average with an average of 34.2. Structural equation modeling was also used to identify and evaluate the components of urban living environment quality. The results of the second-order factor model showed that giving importance to residential satisfaction indicators in the study area increased the health index by 0.85, service index by 0.83, residential index by 0.82, transportation index and Urban management is 0.79 and the reduction of environmental problems is 0.14. Finally, it was found that there is a direct and significant relationship between the quality of urban living environment and residential satisfaction of residents of neighborhoods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
713 - Investigation of physical development of Khorram Abad city with emphasis on indigenous development indicators
Manijeh Lalepour Marzieh Esmailpour Farzaneh Pahlevaniendogenous development, the goal is not only the development of the city from inner parts, rather the quality of putting different land uses together and integrating them next to each other is a matter for planners. In this regard, the present study has considered the p Moreendogenous development, the goal is not only the development of the city from inner parts, rather the quality of putting different land uses together and integrating them next to each other is a matter for planners. In this regard, the present study has considered the physical development characteristics of Khorram Abad city in terms of quality of physical development of the city by using indicators such as land use compatibility and incompatibility, land use mixture index as well as quantitative indices determining he indigenous development of city such as population density changes, the ratio of area growth to population, the number of licenses issued, and the quality and age of buildings in old texture. The research method is descriptive-analytical through library (documentary) and field studies. The results of this study show that, despite the fact that the city of Khorram Abad has internal development potentials, but like other cities in our country, it has experienced sprawl growth in recent decades. Investigation of various indicators showed that the city did not follow the indigenous development policy in its physical-spatial development. In addition, less attention has been paid to the compatibility and incompatibility of neighboring land uses and to the mixing of different land uses within the urban context. Considering the developmental capacities in the old textures of Khorram Abad city, construction in these textures, by implementing incentives policies and increasing floor area ratio, is the best way to prevent uncontrolled growth of the city, reduce costs and urban development issues Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
714 - Assessing and analyzing the vulnerability of urban fabrics from the perspective of passive defense with emphasis on distribution pattern of vital land uses (Case Study: Mahabad City)
Mostafa Mirabadi Sadegh BesharatifarIntroduction: One of the principles of passive defense which needs to be paid attention when utilized in critical and sensitive uses is the distribution and deployment of such uses, therefore is to keep and observe appropriate distances and boundaries and also the proxi MoreIntroduction: One of the principles of passive defense which needs to be paid attention when utilized in critical and sensitive uses is the distribution and deployment of such uses, therefore is to keep and observe appropriate distances and boundaries and also the proximity to other significant uses. Purpose of the research: Explaining the distribution pattern of vital land uses and identifying vulnerable urban tissues is the main purpose of this study.Methodology: The presented study has been done with descriptive-analytical methodology for the city of Mahabad (2020). The used data in the study are quantitative (shape files) and in order to measure the density of the distribution of the uses and also their distribution pattern in Mahabad (which are the aims of the study), ArcGIS software’s spatial statistics techniques have been used intensely.Geographical area of research: The study area of this research is the city of Mahabad, which is located in the south of West Azerbaijan province.Findings and Discussion: The results show that the distribution pattern of the critical faculties is a clustered pattern in a way that the most of these facilities are observed in the central and western parts of the city. Also, the geometric and geographical center is located in the central part and extends northeast to southwest. In other words, the deployment of support and management centers in the central part and major military centers in the western part of the city has caused such a distribution pattern. Therefore the tissues located in these parts have the most vulnerability. In addition, the results from the calculations of the radius of vulnerabilities of critical land uses revealed the fact that 78 thousand people, roughly equal to %53 of the total population and also 887 hectares, equal to %37 of the total area of the city are located in the vulnerability zone center (Elliptical Standard Deviation). This zone which includes the central neighborhoods and the initial and worn out core of the city has a high density of population comparing to the other urban neighborhoods, hence comprises a large part of the urban population. Conclusion: The issue of vulnerability and safety against accidents and military conflicts in the city of Mahabad is very serious. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
715 - Evaluation of Effective Factors in Environmental Security of Traditional Neighborhoods from the Perspective of users with the CPTED Approach (Case Study: Faizabad Neighborhood of Kermanshah City)
Hassan sajadzadeh mohammad motaghed Rezvan yarhaghi Somayeh MozafariIntroduction: Preventing crime and establishing security through environmental design in human settlements has always been of great importance throughout history.Research Aim: The basis of this research is based on the inference and extraction of environmental design in MoreIntroduction: Preventing crime and establishing security through environmental design in human settlements has always been of great importance throughout history.Research Aim: The basis of this research is based on the inference and extraction of environmental design indicators and factors that have played an effective role in establishing security in the past neighborhoods, which deals with the application of these factors and experiences in establishing environmental security in new settlements.Methodology: The present research has been used descriptive-analytical method to infer and evaluate environmental security indicators in neighborhoods and traditional settlements. Then, by using the questionnaire tool (360 numbers) and analyzing it through SPSS software, through t-test and factor analysis, the data has been deduced and analyzed. Also, in order to analyze the role of spatial links in establishing security, Depth Map software has been used, as well as comparative tests and correlation matrix coefficients to check the relationship between the components of the variables.Studied Areas: The sample under study is one of the most important traditional and luxury neighborhoods of Kermanshah, named Faiz Abad neighborhood. This neighborhood is one of the old neighborhoods that was formed around the historical center of the city and dates back to more than a hundred years ago.Results: The findings of the research show that the most important environmental design factors affecting the improvement of security in human settlements in traditional localities are: functional, physical quality and the amount of spatial links in these types of tissues, which pay attention to the physical and functional diversity in Urban neighborhoods play a greater role in the security of urban neighborhoods.Conclusion: The results of the research show that among the indicators of physical-functional factors, the mixed use of spaces with mixed uses and entrances to the fabric of neighborhoods, and among the indicators of spatial connection factors, tissue ossification and density in the tissue have the highest priority over others. The indicators in environmental security are from the perspective of residents in this neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
716 - Evaluating the scale of integrated tourism on urban empowerment in the city of Pars-Abad, Moghan
behroz yeghaneh mahdi charaghi sorayya nasiriIntroduction: Tourism, as the largest social movement, has multiple cultural and spatial consequences for urban areas. Therefore, in order to effectively develop tourism and enhance its positive consequences, it is necessary to recognize and pay special attention to the MoreIntroduction: Tourism, as the largest social movement, has multiple cultural and spatial consequences for urban areas. Therefore, in order to effectively develop tourism and enhance its positive consequences, it is necessary to recognize and pay special attention to the role of tourist complexes.Research aim: The aim of this research is to evaluate the Tourism Empowerment Composite Scale in the township of Parsabad-Moghan.Methodology: This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose. Library and field methods, including observation and questionnaire, were used to collect data. The statistical population for the study was determined in Parsabad city, with a sample size of 352 individuals according to Cochran's formula, including residents from two cities with and without complexes. The questionnaires were completed using a systematic sampling method.Studied Areas: Parsabad Moghan County is a relatively extensive plain, covering approximately 14% of the total area of Ardabil province, with an area of over 1383 square kilometers. It is the northernmost region in Ardabil province.Results: In order, the economic aspect (733/0), the social aspect (695/0), and the environmental aspect (214/0) play the most significant role in distinguishing the urban capabilities between the two groups - the city of Aslanduz with tourist complexes and the city of Tazekand without tourist complexes.Conclusion: Dimensions of urban empowerment between two urban groups with tourist complexes and those without tourist complexes predict about 51% of the variance and in the variable of urban empowerment, it is predicted that 50% of the changes in urban empowerment are not examined by other factors in this study. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
717 - Analysis of strategies for adaptation of local communities to the effects of 120-day winds in Sistan (Case study: villages of Nehbandan county)
Tahereh Sadeghloo sakineh arabIntroduction: Today, due to the increase in the potential of natural hazards to cause major social, economic and environmental damage, as well as the intensification of climate change, adaptation and coexistence with hazards has become a guiding principle for reducing i MoreIntroduction: Today, due to the increase in the potential of natural hazards to cause major social, economic and environmental damage, as well as the intensification of climate change, adaptation and coexistence with hazards has become a guiding principle for reducing its damage, preparation, response and recovery throughout the world.Creating compatibility and adaptation with natural phenomena and hazards and coexisting with them as one of the ways to deal with and manage their adverse effects as well as using the positive potentials of these phenomena are important strategies in hazard management.Some of the natural processes in integration and engagement with other events and behavioral patterns of communities become more risky than the sustainability and survival of communities depend on management and the proper response to them. The 120 - day northeast winds of the country are the natural processes that have persisted long. climate change and drought due to it have fueled the effects of 120 - day winds on different aspects of local communities.Methodology: the aim of this study : the present study examined the effects of these winds in 10 villages of Nehbandan county and also the analysis of the most important actions of 187 families from residents in the region to cope with these effects .Geographical area of research: villages of Nehbandan County Results and discussion: to determine the most important effects and measures of villagers for adaptation, first half structured interview with a number of experts and experts involved in the issue has been made and after analyzing the interviews, indexes and variables are extracted and the basis of designing a structured questionnaire is used to evaluate the effects and actions of local communities.Conclusion: the results indicate that the most impacts on environmental dimension ( 88 / 88 ) and the most important measures to deal with social - cultural dimension ( 47 ) have been done .keywords: local communities, risk management, 120 - day winds, adaptability, Nehbandan county. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
718 - Analysis and evaluation of social-economic criteria and their effects on the quality of slum neighborhood houses: Case study, Sheikh Abad neighborhood in Qom city
mehdi Gharakhlo ali mehdi masoomeh mahdianHousing is one of the most important sectors of development in a society that with wide economical, social, bioenvironmental and body aspects has wide range of effects on providing health and face of community. Meanwhile, what has direct effect on the quality and quanti MoreHousing is one of the most important sectors of development in a society that with wide economical, social, bioenvironmental and body aspects has wide range of effects on providing health and face of community. Meanwhile, what has direct effect on the quality and quantity of housing is the economical-social features that will be a real reflection of the quality and comfort of people’s life. But today with the growth of population and development of citizenship, major problems such as the appearance of slums that are world symbols in recognizing that face and unsuitable houses have become the problem of many cities especially in developing countries. The major shortages that these days these neighborhoods in different social, body, health and especially economical are facing have caused that the houses of the residents of these neighborhoods, which should be the sanctuary, shelter, personal space and a place for relaxing for a man, are in unsuitable conditions. Therefore, the writers of the present paper, with the knowledge of the importance of the concept of slumming, housing quality, life health and,…and with the study of the theoretical ideas related to the research subject and complete field studies, analyses the social – economical features and their effects on the quality of housing in Sheikh Abad neighborhood in Qom as one of the million-populated and migration destination cities in Iran that faces the problem of slums. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data gathering was based on library studies and field studies(distribution of 310 questioners among residents by using Cokeran method). Also, to analyse the gathered data from the field studies, the spss software, and to analyse and prove a relation and correlation between variables the (Chi-Square) and (Man-Wietny) tests were used. The result of the present paper show that the houses in the neighborhood have a very unsuitable quality because of weak social-cultural, especially economical structures of the residents that finally lead to decrease of life level, comfort and security of the residents in Sheikh Abad neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
719 - Assessment of the process of changing the usage of the lands in spatial expansion of Kermanshah using GIS and RS (Case Study: Jafarabad Neighborhood of the City of Kermanshah)
مجید شمس طیبه کرمی نژادEarth’s face is always changing due to human activities and natural phenomena. Urban environments are changing at a higher speed than other districts. Therefore, awareness of lands use changes’ ratio is necessary for optimal management of urban districts. Ut MoreEarth’s face is always changing due to human activities and natural phenomena. Urban environments are changing at a higher speed than other districts. Therefore, awareness of lands use changes’ ratio is necessary for optimal management of urban districts. Utilization of Geographical Information System technology is recognized as the best way for changes’ revelation and evaluation. We can estimate and manage urban lands’ use changes through the progress having been made on technology and satellite images production with high spectral and spatial resolution (HiSS). In the preset research, lands’ use changes of Kermanshah JafarAbad’s are evaluated during two periods. The researcher used aerial photograph of 1351 (1972) and satellite images of 1385 (2006); besides, the present researcher used analysis software ARCGIS9.3 to provide a lands’ use map of three different periods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
720 - LocalManagementRolein The Empowermentof RuralWomen(Case Study:SouthernAstarābādRural District of Gorgan)
aliakbar najafikai zeinab vesalLocal management is a relatively new concept which is a key element of solving problems ­ rustic look and its application in the field of rural problems is increasing day by­ day. One of the most effective strategies in the development and sustainability o MoreLocal management is a relatively new concept which is a key element of solving problems ­ rustic look and its application in the field of rural problems is increasing day by­ day. One of the most effective strategies in the development and sustainability of rural areas, the role of local leaders in rural development. Proper implementation and management of policies and investments so rural development programs in directed them to use their abilities, ability and community participation in sustainable rural development paves the way to.­ Proper implementation and management of policies and investments so Rural development programs in the form led them to use their skills, capabilities and community participation to achieve Sustainable development of rural smoothly. Given the key role of rural women in particular, agricultural production, Rural Industries and. They are important in the process of rural development, and enabling them to develop new concepts and focus strengthen poverty alleviation strategy in rural areas are known. In this context, this paper attempts to examine the role Local Leaders (Council of Dhyary) the empowerment of rural women in Astarābād district located in the southern city of Gorgan pay. Methods The study was descriptive - analytical and study population of 200 women using Cochran formula selected rural villages in South Astarābād A random sample of / Systmayk are obtained. sensing data for the test correlation analysis (Spearman, Kendall Kramer) and Mac Nemar in soft SPSS software is used The research findings suggest that local managers with their actions impact Attention in various fields including employment opportunities appropriate, increase revenue, strengthen co and women's organizations and Also the skill rural women in rural South Astarābād have. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
721 - On the Analysis of Persistent Different Age Groups in Villages Exposed Sand (Case Study Hirmand County, Sistan and Bluchestan Province)
meysam bandani mahmoodreza mirlotfi amirmohammad alavizadeh masoomeh kamanbaz moslem moeinzadehImmigration and human displacement is among important population phenomena that attracted scholars’ attention from various disciplines. Villagers’ staying in the villages and the age structure of the population is a function of various factors including econ MoreImmigration and human displacement is among important population phenomena that attracted scholars’ attention from various disciplines. Villagers’ staying in the villages and the age structure of the population is a function of various factors including economic, social, cultural and particularly natural factors which affect village to city immigration. Regarding its specific political and natural status, Sistan area as a population-repellent place has always seen immigration of villagers to the cities and other parts of the country. Despite harsh natural conditions, some of the age groups show no willingness to leave their hometown and residence and feel belonged to it. Having this in mid, the aim of the present research is to investigate age groups staying in rural areas of Hirmand County. The methodology used is based on documents, field studies and questionnaire filling. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that the highest mean of staying related to the age group 41-50 years, followed by 31-40 years; and the lowest mean of staying was for the age group below 20 years and 21-30 years. It can be claimed that people between the ages of 30 and 50 who are in the middle of their lives stay more than the youth age group. Besides, of the factors affecting villagers’ stay, economic factors such as having an agricultural land comprised the highest amount. Therefore, it is suggested that provisions be made for villagers of various age groups to stay in the region by government’s offering low-interest loans to the farmers, creating job opportunities, giving loans for safe and appropriate house reconstruction, welfare, educational and health care facilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
722 - Potential Estimation Sefidrood Valley due to Wind Energy Generation
parviz rezaeeAccording to geographical positions, Iran regularly is affected by different climate systems in warm and cold seasons. In different seasons, according to combination of atmospheric pressure models and topography, the south seashore of Caspian Sea is affected by local st MoreAccording to geographical positions, Iran regularly is affected by different climate systems in warm and cold seasons. In different seasons, according to combination of atmospheric pressure models and topography, the south seashore of Caspian Sea is affected by local stiff wind. Sefidrood Valley is contact canal between Caspian Sea in north and the lands of Central of Iran in south. The drop between these two areas, airways and natural characteristics of Iran, has caused a verity of climate. These antitheses create the different models of atmospheric pressure in different seasons of the year. Iran's local winds blow due to different climate conditions. Local manjil wind with a very high speed and unique conditions, exists during hot period of the year, and is very proper to research on, due to its applicability and potentiality; it can be used for generating energy and constructing wind power plant. In this essay, wind factor has been studied, and on the basis of recorded data of Iran renewable energy Organization and METEOROLOGY dept, topography element in wind creation and changes considering wind speed along Sefidrood valley in station have been studied, and on the basis of applicability view, the possibility of wind sour usage and suitable places for installing wind turbines are recognized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
723 - Potential of Geotourism narrow Zyngan in Saleh Abad of mehran township
Mohsen ranjbarCultural tourism Geotourism kind - which is environmental in areas with specific works memorial and Geomorphology, geology has its attractions with global scope can be, creating a dynamic and creative relationship between nature and culture with a tourist area, th MoreCultural tourism Geotourism kind - which is environmental in areas with specific works memorial and Geomorphology, geology has its attractions with global scope can be, creating a dynamic and creative relationship between nature and culture with a tourist area, the new flow future global tourism, peace and sustainable development to provide. Iran Geotourism in good state in terms of global issues that this country than all the unique characteristics of our geology, but unfortunately due to being young directory tourism still has not been on these issues is obvious in this industry need careful planning and has expertise and irreparable damage if ignored this will be our passer. Zagros Mountains collection of forms, including several isthmic. Zyngan narrow sector Saleh Abad geomorphology phenomenon as a result of water erosion of the Red Cham albums river is set Zagros highlands. The gorge is a permanent channel of approximately 1 km long and a very interesting natural the Bakhtiari formation has created. Zyngan narrow width of approximately 5 m of at least some 1/8 m and 8 m sections wide reaches a maximum in the elementary and middle parts of the deep has formed roads. This research is to try using field studies of satellite images and topographic survey Astronomy, while studying narrow perspective Zyngan geomorphology special capabilities and potentials of ecotourism and geotourism be studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
724 - The valuation of erosion at basin watershed in mousabad –tiran by using SLEMSA modle
Amir Gandomkar Nafiseh Shaikhei Samira Ahmadi One of the most important purposes in local studing and land use evaluation the hazards of erosion in various areas and determing its quantity. For evaluating erosion , there are many metods More One of the most important purposes in local studing and land use evaluation the hazards of erosion in various areas and determing its quantity. For evaluating erosion , there are many metods . In this methods, there are different factors such as rain erosion , value of erosion soil and plant coverage . According to important variables that have influence on above factor and total value of erosion distiribution and geographical dispersion and the way of interfering them in change rate of soil erosion also determined. Although there are different methods e for evaluating erosion hazards, SLEMSA model. Because of using curvature correlation, serving effective factors in erosion, determining value interfering factors based on their significance with a ratio of weight and finally considering all of effects in this model have optimal potential power. In this study, for evaluating soil erosion at basin watershed of Mousa Abad in Tiran by using SLEMSA modle, the first we begin to collect, prepare and enter information layers such as topography, climatological, plant coverage and outer level of the land, then with composing this layers, basin is separated to410 units of sedimentation that 220 are upward and 210 are in downward. At the end, the value of erosion hazard is measured and giving value is as unit of erosive hazard in basin (EHU). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
725 - -
rahmat allah mokshizadeh mozafar sadeghi -
Open Access Article
726 - Survey interactions between city and rural (Case study: city of Neshabour & Villages of Eshghabad Rural District)
کتایون علیزاده محمد حسن هجرتی محمد احمد آبادیThis research has considered the spatial interactions between Nishabour city and Eshaghabad rural district. District naturally has especial features and limitations, the research method is analytical-descriptive and MoreThis research has considered the spatial interactions between Nishabour city and Eshaghabad rural district. District naturally has especial features and limitations, the research method is analytical-descriptive and collecting the information have been done by library method and field work (with questionnaire) .Determination of sample volume has been done by Cocran method. We examined hypothesis by distributing 300 questionnaires between 5 sample villages in Eshaghebad rural district. The results showed the greatest similarities with Edward Ullman’s spatial interaction model.Therefore they are compared with this model.The findings also are certifying the universal core-periphery relations in a regional range and also they show that periphery (Eshaghebad district) is surrounded from different aspects by center (Nishabour city). These relations are so great because of different versions such as the lack of facilities in district, short distance, the high difference of services in two mentioned parts, Eshghabad was surrounded by Nishabour. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
727 - بررسی پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی گل مریم (Polianthes tuberosa L.) در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری
خانی شاکرمی بهمن زاهدی عبدالحسین رضایی نژاد صادق موسوی فردتنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیبهای شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. به­منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش Moreتنش آب یکی از عوامل اصلی محدوده کننده تولید و آسیبهای شدید به گیاهان در ایران است. به­منظور بررسی و مقایسه اثر تنش کم آبیاری بر روی برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی، بیوشیمیایی و فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی گل مریم، آزمایشی با دو رقم گل مریم (پرپر و کم پر) و سه سطح تنش کم آبیاری (بدون تنش W1= 90% FC، تنش متوسط W2=75% FCو تنش شدید W3=60% FC) به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. محتوای آب نسبی، نشت الکترولیت، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، پرولین، میزان مالوندیآلدهید، فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی (سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز)، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق و مقاومت روزنهای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گل مریم تحت تأثیر تنش کم آبیاری قرار گرفتند. میزان مالوندیآلدهید و نشت یونی همبستگی معنیداری با اکثر خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی نشان داد. محتوای آب نسبی، کلروفیل کل، میزان فتوسنتز، میزان تعرق، مقاومت روزنهای، فعالیت سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و آسکوربات پراکسیداز در رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر افزایش معنی­داری نشان داد. همچنین میزان کاتالاز، مالوندیآلدهید و محتوای پرولین در رقم پرپر نسبت به رقم کم پر به­طور معنیداری بیشتر بود. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که رقم کم پر نسبت به رقم پرپر در شرایط تنش کم آبیاری، رشد بهتری داشت. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
728 - Relationship of Social Influence Tactics with Readiness for Change (Case study: Bojnourd Social Security Hospital)
Nazanin vahdani Rashvanlouei behrang esmaeili shadThe purpose of the research was to investigate the relationship between social influence tactics and readiness for change. The statistical population included all employees of Bojnourd Social Security Hospital equal to 100 people. Sample size was determined using Krejci MoreThe purpose of the research was to investigate the relationship between social influence tactics and readiness for change. The statistical population included all employees of Bojnourd Social Security Hospital equal to 100 people. Sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan table of 80 people. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of method, correlation is carried out in a survey method. The research tool for assessing influence tactics was Yukl's Questionnaire (2003) with 44 items and Dunham et al questionnaire (1989) about the readiness for Change.Questionnaires have a formal and content validity. To determine the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. The influence tactics questionnaire was 0.88 and the readiness for change was 0.87. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency and inferential statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used. The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between tactics of exchange, inspirational appeals, legitimating tactics, collaboration and personal appeals with readiness to change and inspirational appeals, Legitimating tactics, collaboration and personal appeals have the greatest impact on the readiness for change in employees (Beta coefficients were 0.426, 0.313, 0.305, and 0.422, respectively). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
729 - Evaluation of the Mediating Role of Ethical Judgment in the Impact of Leadership on Transformational-Exchange Leadership and the Effectiveness of School on Academic Achievement from the Viewpoint of Secondary School Teachers in Urmia
parivash mohammadi gheshlaghThe present study was conducted to evaluate the intermediate role of moral judgment in the effect of managers' transformational leadership and school effectiveness on academic achievement from the viewpoints of high school teachers in Urmia. The purpose of this research MoreThe present study was conducted to evaluate the intermediate role of moral judgment in the effect of managers' transformational leadership and school effectiveness on academic achievement from the viewpoints of high school teachers in Urmia. The purpose of this research is applied and in terms of method, research is descriptive and in terms of nature, research is a correlation. The statistical population of the present study is all high school principals of Urmia, who were active in the academic year of 1394-1385. The total population of the community was 2,200, of which 370 were selected as sample. To fulfill the research objectives, three main hypotheses were developed. Regression analysis and structural equations (path analysis) were used to confirm or reject the hypotheses, The results of the study indicate that the transformational leadership of the managers has a positive and significant effect on moral judgment. Effectiveness of the school is also effective on moral judgment and ethical judgment has a positive and significant effect on academic achievement. Finally, despite the intermediary role of moral judgment, the effect of leadership change on the ethical judgment of directors increases the effectiveness of the school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
730 - The relationship between transactional leadership model of organizational commitment Town Development Corporation Baharestan
سیدعلی سیادت افسانه یاریانThis study examines the relationship between transactional leadership model of organizational commitment was Baharestan Town Development Corporation. The research method was descriptive and correlational study population consisted of all civil employees of the Parliamen MoreThis study examines the relationship between transactional leadership model of organizational commitment was Baharestan Town Development Corporation. The research method was descriptive and correlational study population consisted of all civil employees of the Parliament in 1394 that number was 136. The sample size based on the Krjys and Morgan (1970) of 101 patients was achieved. A stratified random sampling method to select employees with the population were used. Measuring tools included transactional leadership questionnaire with 15 items Bass (1985) (MLQ), and organizational commitment questionnaire of 24 questions Meyer and Allen (1990). In order to analyze inferential statistics, regression analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Based on the results observed in the 05/0 r a significant positive correlation between transactional leadership model with dimensions of organizational commitment showed BAHARESTAN Town Development Corporation. Significant differences between the views of employees about the company's transactional model of leadership development based on working experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
731 - Study of effect social intelligence and emotional intelligence on managers' leadership style
سیدمحسن علامه نجیبه عباسی رستمی فرانک صفری شادToday many organizations undergoing change. Leadership of an organization to adapt and change in order to survive and grow in new environments, require to specific features that generally managers to respond to them encountered to many problems . One of the most i MoreToday many organizations undergoing change. Leadership of an organization to adapt and change in order to survive and grow in new environments, require to specific features that generally managers to respond to them encountered to many problems . One of the most important feature that can help leaders and managers in response to these changes, emotional intelligence and social intelligence. Due to the importance of this object, In this study, to the effect emotional intelligence and social intelligence on leadership style of management are discussed. To measure emotional intelligence of questionnaire by Schering (1996), to measure social intelligence of questionnaire Sylvra (2001) and to measure the leadership style of the questionnaire MLQ are used. The statistic society includes 140 the managers of Kermanshah Province Governor. Using a statistical formula Cochran 100 individuals were chosen as the sample of the research. Research results showed that social intelligence and emotional intelligence on managers' leadership style have a direct and positive effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
732 - The Generation Gap among the Students in Asadabad
محمدسلمان قایمی زاده شکیبا کولیوندThis study investigated the differences between the two generations, parents and children and interpretation for this differs from the theories of social change and social modernization is used, the findings of this study using a standardized questionnaire and survey me MoreThis study investigated the differences between the two generations, parents and children and interpretation for this differs from the theories of social change and social modernization is used, the findings of this study using a standardized questionnaire and survey method among the 150 students that are before collegiate in asadabad city of hamadan is obtained. Overall, the results show a significant relation between the level of parent’s education, intimate relation with the family, relationship with friends, maternal age with the generation gap, and in the study of other factors such as family size and place of parents’s birth with the generation gap of the relationship was not significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
733 - .
رضا کارگرکوتیانی علیرضا ابطحی فیضاله بوشاسبگوشه -
Open Access Article
734 - مدلسازی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر تولید بادام زمینی بر مبنای افزایش دو درجه دما در شرایط محیطی آینده در استان گیلان، ایران
Seyyed Ali Noorhosseini Afshin Soltani Hossein Ajamnorooziبه منظور ارزیابی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر رشد و عملکرد بادام­زمینی بر مبنای دو درجه افزایش دما، تحقیقی با استفاده از مدل SSM-Peanut انجام شد. شبیه­سازی براساس اطلاعات بلندمدت ایستگاه­های هواشناسی استان گیلان (شامل انزلی، فرودگاه رشت، جهاد کشاورزی رشت، لاهیجان، آست Moreبه منظور ارزیابی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر رشد و عملکرد بادام­زمینی بر مبنای دو درجه افزایش دما، تحقیقی با استفاده از مدل SSM-Peanut انجام شد. شبیه­سازی براساس اطلاعات بلندمدت ایستگاه­های هواشناسی استان گیلان (شامل انزلی، فرودگاه رشت، جهاد کشاورزی رشت، لاهیجان، آستارا، کیاشهر، تالش و رودسر) صورت گرفت. در انتها با اجرای مدل برای هر سال و تحت هر سناریو، روز تا گلدهی، روز تا شروع تشکیل غلاف، روز تا شروع تشکیل دانه، روز تا رسیدگی برداشت، شاخص سطح برگ، تجمع ماده خشک، عملکرد دانه و غلاف از خروجی مدل ثبت شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS انجام شد. علاوه برآن پهنه­بندی استان گیلان از لحاظ تولید بادام­زمینی درشرایط فعلی و پس از تغییر اقلیم با استفاده از نرم­افزار ArcGIS صورت گرفت. برای مقایسه تفاوت بین رشد و عملکرد بادام­زمینی در شرایط فعلی با وقوع تغییرات اقلیمی از t-test و آنالیز تشخیصی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که تفاوت آماری معنی­داری از لحاظ تمامی صفات مورد بررسی درشرایط فعلی و پس از تغییر اقلیم (بر مبنای افزایش دما) در استان گیلان وجود داشت. با افزایش درجه حرارت میانگین طول دوره رشد بادام­زمینی در استان گیلان از 142 روز به 123 روز کاهش پیدا کرد. در عین حال عملکرد بادام­زمینی در شرایط تغییر اقلیم برمبنای افزایش دو درجه سانتیگراد دما برابر با 73/8 درصد بیشتر از شرایط کنونی بدست آمد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
735 - منشاءیابی رسوبات بادی چاه نیمه های زابل
مهدی جدیدالاسلامی Jafar Rahnamarad نصرالله بصیرانی -
Open Access Article
736 - بررسی زیست محیطی محل دفن زباله های شهر خرم آباد و مکان یابی محل دفن بهینه با استفاده از روش ترکیبی تحلیل سلسله مراتبی و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی
وهاب امیری سلمان سوری شهرام حسنوند -
Open Access Article
737 - Evaluation and Selection of Turbine Suppliers for Wind Farms Using the Combined Approach of AHP and TOPSIS with the Aim of Sustainable Development of the Electricity Industry
Mohammad Abbasian Nasim NahavandiIn this article, which was conducted based on a case study in Iran's New Energy Organization (SANA), an attempt was made to develop sustainable development management strategies and consider the involvement of many positive and negative factors in choosing a wind turbin MoreIn this article, which was conducted based on a case study in Iran's New Energy Organization (SANA), an attempt was made to develop sustainable development management strategies and consider the involvement of many positive and negative factors in choosing a wind turbine for a wind farm in the country. Use appropriate MADM methods. In this regard, after calculating the important factors in the evaluation of a wind turbine technology according to the principles of sustainable development management, AHP was used to weight the criteria and sub-criteria and TOPSIS was used to select the best option. In order to obtain the AHP hierarchy, the descriptive-field method was used, and the desired data was collected in line with the design of the model and different levels of the AHP tree, and the weighting process was carried out based on this. Several interviews were conducted to achieve criteria and sub-criteria. Also, a researcher-made questionnaire in this field was prepared and distributed among the people involved in the wind turbine industry, and finally, the agreed criteria and sub-criteria were calculated. Based on the conducted field studies, effective criteria in sustainable development management by choosing the right wind turbine for a wind farm in five general areas including: "Technical specifications and coordinates", "Technology manufacturer (provider) specifications", "Opportunity fields", "Generators" "Cost" and "Risks and Risk Factors" as well as 31 sub-criteria were identified and categorized. Based on the results, Sinovel Wind International Company was introduced as the best option. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
738 - Identifying and Prioritizing Productivity Pathology of Abadan Oil Refinery Company based on the Three-Pronged Model
Mona Javi Mikaniki Samaneh Salimi Farzad BaneshiThe current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing productivity complications of Abadan Oil Refinery Company based on the three-pronged model. This research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) in terms o MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing productivity complications of Abadan Oil Refinery Company based on the three-pronged model. This research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of mixed method. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes middle level managers of Abadan Oil Refinery who were selected through targeted sampling based on theoretical saturation of 15 people. In the quantitative part, 219 employees of the refinery were selected by simple random sampling based on Morgan's Krejci table. The collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the interviews in the quantitative part. In order to analyze the data, thematic analysis method was used in the qualitative part and descriptive statistics (percentage and frequency) were used in the quantitative part. Based on the findings of the qualitative section, 22 complications were obtained, of which 8 complications are related to structural complications, 7 complications are related to behavioral complications, and 5 complications are related to environmental complications. The findings of the quantitative section using the Friedman test for ranking showed that among the structural complications: the factor of laws and regulations, among the behavioral complications: the factor of knowledge, awareness and skill, and among the environmental complications: the factor of belief and attitude. The society was the most important complication, and they are in the first priority. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
739 - The Application of Planned Behavior and Social Exchange Theories in the Attitude of Khuzestan Public Libraries Staff on knowledge sharing behavior through Their Intention of Knowledge Sharing Behavior
zahra ghafari fariba nazariObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the application of theories of planned behavior and social exchange in the attitudes of Khuzestan public library staff on knowledge sharing behavior through their intentions towards knowledge sharing behavior. Methods: T MoreObjective: The aim of this study was to determine the application of theories of planned behavior and social exchange in the attitudes of Khuzestan public library staff on knowledge sharing behavior through their intentions towards knowledge sharing behavior. Methods: This is a descriptive research that was conducted by analytical survey method with a causal approach. The research population includes all employees of public libraries in Khuzestan province, including librarians and staff of 340 people, of which 181 people were selected by simple random sampling as a sample to participate in the research. The research data were distributed among the members of the research community after confirming the validity and reliability by distributing a researcher-made questionnaire designed based on Eisen (1991) and Concanhall (2005) theories. Reliability of research questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha test, attitudes toward knowledge sharing (0.80), behavioral intention (0.74), knowledge sharing behavior (0.70), planned behavior (0.71) and social exchange (74.74), respectively. 0) Calculated and approved. Data were analyzed using SPS software version 23 and Smart PLS software using descriptive statistics and inferential regression test. Results: The research findings showed that attitudes toward knowledge sharing (0.284) knowledge sharing intention and (0/747) on knowledge sharing behavior and knowledge sharing intention (0/164) on knowledge sharing behavior have a significant positive effect. The mediating role of knowledge sharing intention in the effect of knowledge sharing attitude on knowledge sharing behavior was also confirmed. Conclusion: According to the research results, theories of planned behavior and social exchange are used in the attitudes of Khuzestan public library staff on through on knowledge sharing behavior towards knowledge sharing intention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
740 - The role of public libraries of the free zone Maku in the development of the culture of the region
saeed ghaffari Solmaz Alizadehobjective: The promotion and development of culture is one of the tasks of public libraries. in this study, the effect of the general influence of the Maku free zone on the cultural development of the region has been studied. Methodology: the present study is an applied Moreobjective: The promotion and development of culture is one of the tasks of public libraries. in this study, the effect of the general influence of the Maku free zone on the cultural development of the region has been studied. Methodology: the present study is an applied study which has been done in a descriptive - survey method.to collect data in this research and with the aim of responding to research questions, The respondents were all members of the public library of the Maku free zone which were active member of the library and at least 15 years old when it was carried out. The sample size was determined according to Krejci and Morgan sampling table count is 357. The number of 271 questionnaires were returned, only 240 (22/67 %) them were completely filled. Results: However, variables such as age, level of education and job groups may differ in their view regarding the role of public libraries in cultural development, but there was no significant difference regarding these variables. Conclusion: The users of the public library report the increasing rate of study and improving the level of knowledge from the most important roles in the library, while the role of libraries is in the development of cultural and artistic education is low. All users of the public library in the Maku free zone agree on components of cultural development and offered similar views. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
741 - Microscopic study of flower bud formation and development in almond
Ali Imani Samira Mofakhami Mehrabadiinitiation and floral development stages in of early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars was investigated. Before flower initiation of almond trees, bud samples were taken every 10 days from May 31, 2007 up to anthisis in the next year. Sample collection ended wh Moreinitiation and floral development stages in of early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars was investigated. Before flower initiation of almond trees, bud samples were taken every 10 days from May 31, 2007 up to anthisis in the next year. Sample collection ended when more than 50% of the dissected buds had pistils initiated. Bud samples were stored in solution FAA. For a detailed study the structure of meristem, tissues and reproductive and vegetative organs of the buds using histological procedure from buds fixed in FAA by microtome cuttings as thick slices 6µ. Results showed that flower induction (flatting of doming meristem) were done in 8, 18 and 31 August of 2007 in middle blooming cultivar (A93), early blooming cultivar (H-2) and late blooming cultivar (Ferragnes) respectively. Sepals primordia were stimulated in A93, H-2 and Ferragnes cultivars in 24 and 31 August and in 13 September, respectively. Petals primordial induction in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes cultivars were occurred in 13, 15 and 17 September of 2007, respectively. Stamens primordia induction in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes were evident in that order 1, 10 and 20 October of 2007. The pistil primordium in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes were evident 10, 21 and 31 October of 2007, respectively. Anthesis was observed in H -2, A93 and Ferragnes in 7 and 21 March and in 5 April 2008, respectively. In general, it was found that process floral formation stages in early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars particular the timing of flower induction between cultivars was not similar. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
742 - Indirect regeneration of endangered Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss
parisa jonubi Ahmad Majd mitra zamani nasrabadiDaracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss is a pharmaceutical and aromatic species of Lamiaceae which could be found in the northern and the north-eastern highlands of Iran. D. Kotschyi is an endangered species due to specific circumstances of habitat and human indiscriminated harv MoreDaracocephalum Kotschyi Boiss is a pharmaceutical and aromatic species of Lamiaceae which could be found in the northern and the north-eastern highlands of Iran. D. Kotschyi is an endangered species due to specific circumstances of habitat and human indiscriminated harvest. In vitro culture of different explants from sterile seedlings showed that all of media used for hypocotyl just produced callus without any shoot regeneration. The best callus production obtained from 14 day old - cotyledonary leaves cultured on MS medium containing 0.5 mg l-1 BA and 0.5 mg l-1 NAA. These calli were subcultured to MS medium containing 2 mg l-1 BA and 0.2 mg l-1 NAA that showed 33.3% shoot regeneration. In order to indirect regeneration using sequential reculturing, cotyledonary leaves on MS medium containing 1 mg l-1 BA and 1 mg l-1 NAA that 53.3% shoot regeneration was obtained. 75% from regenerated plants that were subcultured on root induction medium supplemented by 2 mg l-1 NAA could produce the strong roots. These plants were transferred to vermiculite and soil.They were adapted to greenhouse condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
743 - When does an employee not help coworkers? The effect of leader–member exchange on employee envy and job satisfaction
Yousef Khalifeh Zahra Alipourdarvishi Nader SheikholeslamikandelousiObjectives: in today’s highly competitive business world, job satisfaction and productivity are of paramount importance. The effects of leader-member exchange when employees work as an interactive team, has a great effect on job satisfaction and productivity. Work MoreObjectives: in today’s highly competitive business world, job satisfaction and productivity are of paramount importance. The effects of leader-member exchange when employees work as an interactive team, has a great effect on job satisfaction and productivity. Workplace envy is one of the factors that might affect job satisfaction. This research examines the mediating role of employee envy between leader-member exchange and job satisfaction.Methods: using standard questionnaires, we examined the opinion of a sample of 141 employees of Port and Marine Organization of Bushehr province. For data analysis we used factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory), and structural equation modeling.Findings: supervisors can do a better job decreasing employees’ emotional burden. if envy can be controlled and managed effectively, positive interaction of leader-member exchange, increases job satisfaction.conclusion: the results show direct effect of LMX on job satisfaction. The higher-quality LMX relationship, the more job satisfaction. The results show that employee envy has no effect on job satisfaction and other factors regardless of envy may cause job satisfaction. The result also shows that LMX has a strong effect on employee envy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
744 - -
نجمه ایزدپناه حمداله منظری توکلی امین نیک پور علیرضا منظری توکلی -
Open Access Article
745 - کاربرد طیفبینی تشدید مغناطیس هستهی هیدروژن در شناسایی هیدروژنهای تبادلی در ناجورحلقههای آروماتیک
زهره زرنگار جواد صفری -
Open Access Article
746 - Synthesis and evaluation of biological lubricant based on Sesame oil by using trans-esterification method
Fariba Rangriz Saeid Khodadoust Mohsen Emami Fatemeh ZeraatpishehDue to the harmful environmental effects caused by the petroleum based lubricants, their replacement with environmental friendly oils has been considered. The aim of this study is to prepare a biological lubricant from Sesame oil during chemical modification using the t MoreDue to the harmful environmental effects caused by the petroleum based lubricants, their replacement with environmental friendly oils has been considered. The aim of this study is to prepare a biological lubricant from Sesame oil during chemical modification using the trans-esterification reaction and addition of appropriate antioxidant materials. By creating a group of esters on trans position, a product with good lubrication, high viscosity index, high flash point, low pour point, and environmental friendly properties including high degradability and low toxicity were obtained. In the first step, by using an (or of) acetylchloride catalyst, the triglyceride molecules of the Sesame oil were methanolized in a reaction of methanol at 100 °C in a reflux system. In the next step, the obtained methyl ester in presence of lipase enzyme (as catalyst) by reaction of trimethylolpropane (TMP) was taken at 50 °C for 24 hours. Then, different parameters (molar ratio of alcohol to oil, temperature, and enzyme concentration) were evaluated and the best conditions for esterification of Sesame methyl ester with TMP were obtained. Also, some of the physicochemical properties of the lubricants were investigated by using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and viscometry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
747 - The impact of follower narcissism on feeling envied and job performance through moderating lmx perceptions
مهرداد صادقی میثم بابایی فارسانی AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of self-admiration of the followers on feeling of envied and work performance through the moderator role of perceptions of the exchange of leader-member of the staff of the Department of Spo More AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of self-admiration of the followers on feeling of envied and work performance through the moderator role of perceptions of the exchange of leader-member of the staff of the Department of Sports and Youth of Isfahan province with a descriptive correlation method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 120 employees in Isfahan province's sport and youth department. Among them, 89 Cochran formula and 90 available for sampling were selected. Four questionnaires Envy Vico 2005, Narcissists of NPI-40 followers Ruskin and Terry, 1988, Leader-Member Exchange, Johnson & Van Pern 2004 and Work Performance, Patterson 1997 were used to measure variables. Formal validity was confirmed by a number of respondents and content validity was confirmed by a number of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for all variables 0/70. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics including structural equations using SPSS-22 and warp pls software. The results showed that In the direct relationship between the variables, all the coefficients are significant and are not just a significant value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
748 - d
Seddiqeh Emadi Estarabadi -
Open Access Article
749 - s
Simindukht Shakeri Malihah Sadat Zal Mustakhasah -
Open Access Article
750 - Dialogue or Power of Text Jāmi's Understanding of Ibn al-Fārid's Wine-Poems (Khamriyyat)
Seyyed Hossein Seyyedi Saeedeh MomayyeziAudience-centric views provide new approaches to the study of literary texts, especially old ones. Horizon and circumstances of a contemporary reader are different from those of an old text author. A reader will be able to study an old text well when considering differe MoreAudience-centric views provide new approaches to the study of literary texts, especially old ones. Horizon and circumstances of a contemporary reader are different from those of an old text author. A reader will be able to study an old text well when considering different interpretations of it. The main question of the present research is whether contextuality and individuality can influence one's perception of a subject. Affection and emotion are two major elements of wine-poems (khamriyyat) of Ibn al-Fārid. Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmi has addressed these two issues in Ibn al-Fārid's poetry and has revived his poetry. By using descriptive-analytical method, the essay tries to examine Jāmi's views on Ibn al-Fārid's poetry. Coherence is a characteristic of Ibn al-Fārid's poems. In his poems, we move from wine-drinking to eternal intoxication. To understand the concept of wine, one must study all of his poems. But in Jāmi's poetry, we cannot find this consistency, and every single bit of his poetry can be studied alone. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
751 - Ritual Drinking of Wine as a Modified Form of Drinking Blood of the Sacrifice
ayoob omidiRitual drinking of wine is rooted in the rite of sacrifice and is a modified form of blood drinking. Over time, the blood drinking ritual has been replaced by the wine drinking. There is an association between blood and wine, and red wine is more similar to the blood of MoreRitual drinking of wine is rooted in the rite of sacrifice and is a modified form of blood drinking. Over time, the blood drinking ritual has been replaced by the wine drinking. There is an association between blood and wine, and red wine is more similar to the blood of the sacrifice than anything else. According to what is mentioned in Persian narrative poetry texts, due to the importance and position of the kings, wine drinking was often held in their memory. After the kings, there were heroes in whose honor the most wine drinking rituals were held, because they were supporters of royal glory, national independence and defense of people against foreigners. Recommending to drink wine in memory of heroes and elders (before war and after death) is an invitation to a ritual, and it has an effect on their afterlife destiny and is the cause of attracting the spiritual and spiritual power of wine drinkers. The present research, by using descriptive-analytical method and referring to Persian narrative poetry texts (written till 7th A.H. century), attempts to show that ritual drinking of wine is a modified way of drinking the blood of a victim in primitive rituals. The results of the research show that collective wine drinking in battlefield and banquet of kings, heroes and elders is a kind of non-bloody offering to the spirit of the departed; collective wine drinking leads to longevity, health and prosperity. It causes the spiritual union of wine drinkers with the soul of the departed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
752 - "Hekmat Tajrobi" in the Persian Prose Sufi Literature up to the 8th century
سعید بزرگ بیگدلی فرزاد کریمی In the Sufi literature, there is a kind of wisdom called "Hekmat Tajrobi". It is not based on religious or mystical teachings but is the result of experiences of men and styles of life for generations. In the present article, attempt is made to study the &ldquo More In the Sufi literature, there is a kind of wisdom called "Hekmat Tajrobi". It is not based on religious or mystical teachings but is the result of experiences of men and styles of life for generations. In the present article, attempt is made to study the “Hekmat Tajrobi" in the three Persian Prose mystical works: Kashf Al Mahjub, written by Abul Hassan Ali Hajvery Hajveary (990-1077), Mersād al-Ebād men al-mabdā, by Najm-al-Din Razi (1177- 1256) and Mesbāh al-hedāya wa meftāh al-kefāya, by Ezz al Dīn Mahmūd Kāshānī (d. 1334-35). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
753 - The Symbolism of Nature in Shāhnāmeh: A Comparative Study
رحیم کوشش امیررضا کفاشیThe myth of Nature is the symbol of the period that preceded the age of reason and science. The nature has a unique role in the formation of religious thoughts of ancient people, especially, Aryāans, inhabitants of Iran and India. Aryans, a At first, these people believ MoreThe myth of Nature is the symbol of the period that preceded the age of reason and science. The nature has a unique role in the formation of religious thoughts of ancient people, especially, Aryāans, inhabitants of Iran and India. Aryans, a At first, these people believed in the natural forces, but, in the passage of time as time passed, they invented gods for sun, moon, stars and wind. Also, four elements of wind, water, fire and earth were constitutional, and fundamental powers of anything for them. In the present article, attempt is made to study the myth of Nature and elements of nature in Shāhnāmeh. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
754 - Application of Multi criteria decision making methods in studies of environmental hazards in Shadegan Wetland
S. A. Jozi Saffarian Sh.There are wetlands and water zoning with unique features such as Shadegan wetland which is considered a national treasure, but unfortunately this ecosystem , includs many of today risks resulting from human activities considering the important of Shadegan Wetland the pr MoreThere are wetlands and water zoning with unique features such as Shadegan wetland which is considered a national treasure, but unfortunately this ecosystem , includs many of today risks resulting from human activities considering the important of Shadegan Wetland the present study aimed to determine major environmental risks (the most important environmental important acceptor Abadan gas turbine power plant) and their impact on wetlands Shadegan. As a case study, a questionnaire was prepared in Delphi method and handed to some of the elite and power industry and environmental experts.In this study, to analysis environmental risks Abadan gas power plant on the Shadegan wetland methods of multiple criteria decision making and TOPSIS eigenvector were used. For this purpose, after prioritizing risks of each environment separately using TOPSIS, a one-way ANOVA was used and priority of environmental risk acceptor Abadan gas power plant in the wetland was determined. Results of calculated risk Abadan gas power plant showed that in biological had a physical, chemical and cultural environments the effects on air quality had 0.918 weight, the effect on plant and animal population had a weight of 0.866 and view and landscapes had a weight of 0.796 are The most important risks affecting power plant activity on wetland. More solutions to control and reduce the risks identified for sensitive wetland ecosystem and wildlife shelterd Shadegan. Some of these solutions are: variability of activities within the enclosed invironment, the creation and development of green space using consistent species with the environment Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
755 - A study on dust event over Kermanshah station and its relation to jet stream, March 27, 2003
N. Seyedzadeh Agdam P. S. Katirai A. Ranjbar Saadat AbadiThis study was on dust in Kermanshah synoptic station in March 27, 2003. Mean daily 500hpa geopotential height, mean sea level and 250hpa wind field maps analysis showed a middle atmospheric trough over Black Sea and the north of the Mediterranean Sea which is consisten MoreThis study was on dust in Kermanshah synoptic station in March 27, 2003. Mean daily 500hpa geopotential height, mean sea level and 250hpa wind field maps analysis showed a middle atmospheric trough over Black Sea and the north of the Mediterranean Sea which is consistent with a middle atmospheric low pressure over Iraq, east of Turkey and north of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the divergence of subtropical jet stream in 200hpa level and polar front jet stream in 250hpa level is the most important reason for convergence and induced upward motions over deserts in Iraq, Syria and Jordan, between 35-50 ° longitudes and 30-35 ° latitudes. The intensity of dust was related to the vertical angle between the center of the surface low pressure and 500hpa level low geopotential height. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
756 - Investigation of sea level variations due to meteorological parameters with statistical models in the north coast of Persian Gulf
M. Torabi Azad M. HonarmandThis study was carried out on the changes of sea level in various tidal stations in the Persian Gulf. Stations were selected in which the long term tide data had been recorded for a period of over one year. The mean sea level was calculated through the use of tidal data MoreThis study was carried out on the changes of sea level in various tidal stations in the Persian Gulf. Stations were selected in which the long term tide data had been recorded for a period of over one year. The mean sea level was calculated through the use of tidal data, while the effects of wind force, temperature and barometric effect was considered on it. Using statistical models the effects of various atmospheric elements on the changes of sea level was assessed and the best models relating to sea level was introduced and physically analyzed. The Mean Sea Level (MSL) in Bandar Abbas and Bushehr has been studied for a period of eleven years (2000-2010). The MSL showed an increasing trend with an increase of 5cm and 4cm during the relevant period in Bandar Abbas and Bushehr, respectively. In the mentioned period, the amplitude was 35cm in Bandar Abbas and 50cm in Bushehr. The sea level and temperature rise and pressure reduction in the Persian Gulf region reflects the gradual climate change in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
757 - Study of ocean wave energy converter systems (OWECS) in Anzali Port
K. Lari G. Abbasian A. Mohseni ArastehIn this research the results of wave simulation by SW module of Mike 21 are used to estimate the wave energy density at the offshore area of Anzali Port in 2002, the usable wave energy density is calculated to be 0.588 , generated power 2.18 , wave power density 125.43 MoreIn this research the results of wave simulation by SW module of Mike 21 are used to estimate the wave energy density at the offshore area of Anzali Port in 2002, the usable wave energy density is calculated to be 0.588 , generated power 2.18 , wave power density 125.43 and wind power density 10.396 . In addition to study of different convertors and various methods of generating wave energy, monthly power and energy density of waves are calculated, and based on the achieved results a comparison between the calculated amounts is done. Finally a combination of six Pelamis Convertor is identified as the best solution, based on the yearly Waverose graph, the power of which would be about 4.5 MW. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
758 - Study of Longshore Currents in the Amirabad Coast
K. Lari A. EbrahimiOne of the most important effects of wave entrance to the shallow waters and sea bed topography on them in coastal zone is wave breaking phenomenon. This process is a crucial factor in production of cross-shore, rip and longshore currents that are generally introduced a MoreOne of the most important effects of wave entrance to the shallow waters and sea bed topography on them in coastal zone is wave breaking phenomenon. This process is a crucial factor in production of cross-shore, rip and longshore currents that are generally introduced as near shore currents. In this research, longshore currents of Amirabad area were considered and then the most appropriate relation was obtained for computation of velocity for these kind of currents. In addition, pattern of the currents were obtained using the field data of waves and currents By using the hydrographic map of the study area and also the slope of the shore and using the data from the buoy in Amirabad station and wave rose fitted coefficient in Amirabad area, velocities of longshore currents were computed in experimental terms. The computed results were then compared (using MATLAB software) with velocities of currents measured by flow meter, to estimate the most compatible selected relationship and fitted coefficient term. The results showed that, the average of velocity of longshore current in Amirabad shore is 16cm/s and dominant direction of current is eastern. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
759 - Study of nitrate waters of the southern basin of the Caspian Sea from Amirabad to Salman Shahr in (Mazandaran Province) in summer
N. Ahmadi R. Noorbakhsh M. FaragiThis study performed in Caspian Sea in order to estimate nutrients nitrate factors (pH, temperature and salinity) from April to October 2008. Sampling was done in southeast Caspian Sea in five transects in 45 stations on surface water, 5 and 10 meter depths based on nat MoreThis study performed in Caspian Sea in order to estimate nutrients nitrate factors (pH, temperature and salinity) from April to October 2008. Sampling was done in southeast Caspian Sea in five transects in 45 stations on surface water, 5 and 10 meter depths based on national standard. The mean concentration of nitrate was 5.37, 8.87 and 0.47 mg/l in first transect, it was 5.81, 9.98 and 0.76 mg/l in second transect, and 5.31, 11.76 and 0.71 mg/l in third transect, 5.40, 11.38 and 0.69 mg/l in fourth transect and 14.28, 14.89 and 2.09 mg/l in fifth transect. The concentration of nitrate was increasing from Salman Shahr to Amirabad. There was significant differences in nitrate concentration in transects (P<0.05), but the other parameters were not significantly different among surface, 5 and 10 m waters (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
760 - Study of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) & wind speed over coastal area of Hormozgan Province by satellite data
M. Torabi Azad A. MohammadiInteraction between sea and air is an important factor in controlling seasonal climatological variations in each environment. In this research, relationship between Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and wind speed over coastal area of Hormozgan province has been studied. In MoreInteraction between sea and air is an important factor in controlling seasonal climatological variations in each environment. In this research, relationship between Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and wind speed over coastal area of Hormozgan province has been studied. Initially the SST data of the area were collected using AVHRR sensor of NOAA satellite and the wind speed data were collected from QuikSCAT satellite. After analyzing the satellite data for the SST and wind speed, monthly, seasonal and annual variations of these data were studied. The significance of their variations were evaluated during years 1985-2008, using a long term study group of each variable as a control and then comparison was made using Duncan test. As the increasing trend of mean annual surface temperature and the decreasing trend in wind speed was significant, correlation coefficient between SST and wind speed was obtained. After plotting the time against surface temperature during the study period, it was observed that the minimum temperature was 21.11 ˚C in 2008 and the maximum was 33.12 ˚C in 2002. It was shown that there was 4.2 ˚C temperature difference between western and eastern region of the sea coast in summer and the temperature gradient reaches 3 ˚C in winter. It can be concluded that for summer 75% and for winter 33% increase (decrease) of the mean sea surface temperature takes place and the deviation of mean wind speed will be increase (decrease). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
761 - Determination of lead and cadmium concentration in meat of four species of Cyprinid fish from Beheshtabad River, Chaharmahal & Bakhtyari Province and the relation with age and fish speaies
M. Raissy M. Ansari E. RahimiNinety meat samples of fishes caught from BeheshtabadRiver including Cyprinus carpio (n=29), Carassius auratus gibelio (n=15), Alburnus alburnus (n=27) and Capoeta aculeata (n=19) collected and used for determination of lead and cadmium with the graphite furnace atomic MoreNinety meat samples of fishes caught from BeheshtabadRiver including Cyprinus carpio (n=29), Carassius auratus gibelio (n=15), Alburnus alburnus (n=27) and Capoeta aculeata (n=19) collected and used for determination of lead and cadmium with the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after wet digestion. Fish sampling was done by cast net during summer, autumn and winter 2007 and spring 2008. The results showed that the mean concentrations of lead and cadmium was 181.6 and 91.03 in Cyprinus carpio, 191.07 and 88.13 in Carassius auratus gibelio, 145.7 and 70.85 in Alburnus alburnus and 117.92 and 60.68 µg/kg in Capoeta aculeata. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in total samples were 159.02 and 78.09 µg/kg, respectively. The mean concentration of cadmium in samples examined exceeded acceptable threshold established in the European Commission (EC). Lead and cadmium concentration in 10% and 57.5% of samples exceeded the tolerance limits established in EC respectively. The results showed that there is significant difference between cadmium levels in meat of fish species (P<0.05). The high concentration of cadmium and lead in fish meat is probably due to missusing of phosphate fertilizers in agriculture affairs and entry of agricultural sewage into the river. Ninety meat samples of fishes caught from BeheshtabadRiver including Cyprinus carpio (n=29), Carassius auratus gibelio (n=15), Alburnus alburnus (n=27) and Capoeta aculeata (n=19) collected and used for determination of lead and cadmium with the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after wet digestion. Fish sampling was done by cast net during summer, autumn and winter 2007 and spring 2008. The results showed that the mean concentrations of lead and cadmium was 181.6 and 91.03 in Cyprinus carpio, 191.07 and 88.13 in Carassius auratus gibelio, 145.7 and 70.85 in Alburnus alburnus and 117.92 and 60.68 µg/kg in Capoeta aculeata. The mean concentrations of lead and cadmium in total samples were 159.02 and 78.09 µg/kg, respectively. The mean concentration of cadmium in samples examined exceeded acceptable threshold established in the European Commission (EC). Lead and cadmium concentration in 10% and 57.5% of samples exceeded the tolerance limits established in EC respectively. The results showed that there is significant difference between cadmium levels in meat of fish species (P<0.05). The high concentration of cadmium and lead in fish meat is probably due to missusing of phosphate fertilizers in agriculture affairs and entry of agricultural sewage into the river. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
762 - The synoptic comparison of severe dust storms in the spring and summer in north of Sistan and Baluchistan province
S. Barkhordar M. Moradi F. ArkianDust storm is one of the most important climate phenomena in the east of Iran. Because the soil type of this area is fine aggregate, the appropriate wind velocity causes to rise of the particles and when the wind speed exceed than the certain threshold, suitable situati MoreDust storm is one of the most important climate phenomena in the east of Iran. Because the soil type of this area is fine aggregate, the appropriate wind velocity causes to rise of the particles and when the wind speed exceed than the certain threshold, suitable situation for dust and sand storms would provide. In this article to investigate the mentioned phenomenon we analyzed synoptic data from meteorological station in Zabol for the 15-years period from 1995 to 2010. To analyze the dust storm, Horizontal visibility less than 1000 m was defined as the index. Based on this definition, two of the most severe dust storms in spring and summer were chosen and by using the Synoptic data archives NCEP/ NCAR, Synoptic and dynamic conditions of the dust storms were investigated. The results showed that in the summer due to the thermal low pressure system over Pakistan accompanied by cold air advection in the North East of Iran, Causing an Intensive pressure gradient creation in the region and conditions for wind, exceed than the threshold, would be provided. In spring the a baroclinic atmospheric system with low humidity, and Relatively severe cold air advection accompanied by a active cold front, cause increases in wind speed, reducing horizontal visibility and creating dust storms in the east region of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
763 - Identification of resistant eggplant cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, the causal agent of fusarium wilt using molecular markers in Iran
Negin Safikhani Bahar Morid Hamid reza Zamanizadeh Shahab HajmansoorBackground & Objectives: Eggplant fusarium wiltis an important factor of yield reduction throughout the world. The ability of this pathogen to survive for several consecutive years within the soil, even in the absence of the host, has made it difficult to control. P MoreBackground & Objectives: Eggplant fusarium wiltis an important factor of yield reduction throughout the world. The ability of this pathogen to survive for several consecutive years within the soil, even in the absence of the host, has made it difficult to control. Producing and using the resistant cultivar is the most effective and suitable method to control this disease. This study was aimed to identify fusarium wilt resistant eggplant cultivars. Materials & Methods: First, leaf samples of domestic and hybrid eggplant cultivars were gathered from 28 provinces in Iran and then DNA extraction from young leaves of the cultivars was carried out using CTAB method. Four markers including CAPS, RAPD, SRAP, and SCAR were used to determine the resistant cultivars. In order to confirm the results, resistance and sensitivity of the genotypes were assessed in greenhouse conditions, as well. Results: Out of 20 genotypes of this study, 13 showed index resistance band using CAPS, RAPD, and SRAP of molecular markers. On the other hand, the SCAR marker could not separate the resistant cultivars from the sensitive ones. Phenotype assessment of native and hybrids resistant cultivars in greenhouse condition confirmed the results of the molecular analysis. Conclusion: In general, the use of resistant cultivars obtained in this study using molecular markers is recommended for planting in areas with fusarium wilt disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
764 - Instances of Cultural Exchange between Arab and Western Literature
Ali SaberiLiterary interactions, as a means of cultural exchange, were established between the Arab and Western writers and poets in two different steps; the first step was embracing of the literary works of oriental writers and poets in the West; such works as a Thousand and One MoreLiterary interactions, as a means of cultural exchange, were established between the Arab and Western writers and poets in two different steps; the first step was embracing of the literary works of oriental writers and poets in the West; such works as a Thousand and One Nights, Panchatantra, Maqamah, and musical structure of Arab poem were imitated in the West, thereby forming a bridge between Eastern and Western literature. And the second stage was imitation of Western literature by Arab writers, which resulted in the emergence of new literary genres in Arab literature; playwriting, epic poetry, short story, and modernist poetry, as well as modern literary schools that were unprecedented in the Arab literature so became popular among Arab literary writers. Such cultural interaction has always resulted in development and flourishing of literature of different nations in the world, so much so that the world literature can be said to be the product of a process of ongoing exchange between different nations. Artistic interactions have long been one of the means to establish cultural exchange between different nations; of arts, literature, as a branch of verbal art, has plays a significant role in such an auspicious interaction. It is obvious that flourishing of world literature and cultural richness of the nations is indebted to such beautiful human art. Therefore, this paper tries to study the cultural interactions between Western and Arab literature in two steps: effect of Arab literature on Western literature and vice versa with a view to different literary genres. Although there were many works by writers and criticisms that were relevant to this study, the focus here was on those effects in literary works that are considered as innovation in the influenced literature, but as imitation from perspective of the influencing literature. However, such influence can be a cultural exchange, which can fertilize the influenced literature. In this paper, effects of Arab literature on Western and vice versa are studied in two steps. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
765 - بررسی اثر روابط اعطای تسهیلات بر هزینه مبادله تسهیلات بانکی: مطالعه موردی بانک کشاورزی
عباس عرب مازار مهرداد نعمتی امیر درویشی -
Open Access Article
766 - Analyzing the Impact of Exchange Rate Unification on TOT (Terms of Trade) in IRAN
سید کمیل طیبی محسن نظری فارسانی احمد گوگردچیان زهرا زمانیAbstractTerms of trade is one of the most important tools using for analyzing macroeconomic problems because, during time, it is a good criteria for assessing a country’s profit from international trade and its changes have direct effects on countries’ welfa MoreAbstractTerms of trade is one of the most important tools using for analyzing macroeconomic problems because, during time, it is a good criteria for assessing a country’s profit from international trade and its changes have direct effects on countries’ welfare.Besides, unification of exchange rate is an important issue in economical policiesConsidering the impact of exchange rate changes on terms of trade as well as to the terms of the importance of exchange rate unification policy,the purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of exchange rate unification on the terms of trade in Iran during the years 1991-2015. For this purpose, the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model is used.Results of structural vector auto regressive model for Iran’s economy during the period under reviewsuggest that exchange rate unification destroys the trade relationship in the short run but improves in the long run. If the rate of exchange rate unification is higher, it will have a greater effect on the trade relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
767 - رهیافت مدل احتمال مبادله آگاهانه در بررسی اثر عدمتقارن اطلاعات بر بازده سهام و حجم معاملات در شرکتهای منتخب بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
غلامرضا زمانیان ام البنین جلالی علی کردی تمندانی -
Open Access Article
768 - بررسی اثر صادرات غیرنفتی بر نرخ ارز حقیقی در ایران
بهمن طهماسبی احمد جعفری صمیمی غلامعلی فرجادی -
Open Access Article
769 - بررسی تأثیر نرخ ارز واقعی بر صادرات غیر نفتی ایران
سعید دایی کریم زاده قدرت اله امام وردی افسانه شایسته -
Open Access Article
770 - بررسی رابطه توسعه مالی و تکانه های نفتی بر بیثباتی رشد اقتصادی
بتول زارعی حسن لاجوردی -
Open Access Article
771 - Qualitative model of consumer behavior in the of durable goods market (household goods) based on value theory
Bahman Naghdi Abdollah Naami Naser Azad Mohammad NasrollahniyaAbstract The present research aimed at designing an indigenous model of durable goods’ consumer behavior based on the value theory in a closed economy (under sanctions) using the grounded theory approach. In this regard, in-depth and semi-structured interviews al MoreAbstract The present research aimed at designing an indigenous model of durable goods’ consumer behavior based on the value theory in a closed economy (under sanctions) using the grounded theory approach. In this regard, in-depth and semi-structured interviews along with targeted and snowball sampling method were employed. The research statistical population included marketing professors and experts as well as household appliances practitioners. Data analysis was undertaken using open, axial and selective coding method. In this way, a paradigm model including 10 main categories, 22 sub-categories, and 116 concepts was designed. Based on the model, shopping values were introduced as consumer behavior’s causal factors, cultural and social values along with personal (internal) and external factors were introduced as antecedents. The characteristics of the consumer market were also enumerated as intervening factors with some effects on Iranian consumers’ behavior. Improvement strategies were considered as ways which result in consumer decapitation phenomenon and consumer loyalty. The present research results can help producers and policy makers to understand Iranian consumer's behavior towards Iran-made durable goods, especially in household appliance industry, and to develop appropriate strategies for managing the market regarding sanctions and import prohibitions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
772 - Factors affecting exchange costs in the country's stone industry
Ali Haidar KaramiAlam Bijan SafavidAbstractThe main purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the factors affecting the exchange cost of the stone sector. For this purpose, while examining the literature, the factors affecting the exchange cost of the stone sector in Iran were calculated and t MoreAbstractThe main purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the factors affecting the exchange cost of the stone sector. For this purpose, while examining the literature, the factors affecting the exchange cost of the stone sector in Iran were calculated and then, using the Delphi method, the impact of the calculated factors was investigated. The members of the Delphi panel included 11 activists and experts active in the private and public sectors who had sufficient expertise and experience in the field of stone. In the first stage, 13 items from the experimental literature were provided to the panel members within the framework of the designed questionnaire, and the analysis of the results of the questionnaires in this stage emphasizes removing one of the existing factors and adding 4 new factors to the questionnaire. In this study, Kendall coefficient criterion has been used as an indicator to examine the consensus in the questionnaires and based on this criterion, to achieve the result, three stages of questionnaire distribution and survey of panel members have been done. The research results emphasize the impact of institutional factors on the cost of exchanging stone in the country. Also, according to the elites of the rule of law and the implementation of contracts, barriers to entry of foreign investors and the size of the government are the most important factors affecting the cost of exchanging stone in the country, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
773 - عوامل موثر بر پذیرش و بکارگیری فن آوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات(ICT) در روستاها: (مطالعه موردی روستاهای قرن آباد-استان گلستان)
شهره تاج زهرا ارزجانی ساعد فرج نژاد قادی -
Open Access Article
774 - بهسازی، نوسازی و بازسازی بافتهای فرسوده روستایی(نمونه موردی: محله دارآباد)
آزیتا رجبی اکبر پرهیزگار پانته آ ابوذری -
Open Access Article
775 - بررسی میزان رضایتمندی گردشگران مذهبی بازدیدکننده از امامزاده آقاعلی عباس بادرود
آئیژ عزمی فضیله خانی -
Open Access Article
776 - تحلیل روابط فضایی مادرشهر مشهد با شهر ملک آباد
کتایون علیزاده علی نوری کرمانی زینب اشرف -
Open Access Article
777 - عوامل موثر در فرایند تبدیل روستا به شهر ( مطالعه موردی باقر شهر )
زهره فنی زهرا شفیعی زاده کرده کوهی -
Open Access Article
778 - Mysticism as a Scientific Discipline A Comparison between Qunavi’s and Imam Khomeini's approaches
Gholam Reza Hossein pour Mohammad Saeedi mehrAccording to a well-known traditional view, any specific human knowledge needs to have a specific subject-matter by which specified and characterized. Moreover, no scientific discipline should discuss of its own subject-matter but this is a task must be undertaken MoreAccording to a well-known traditional view, any specific human knowledge needs to have a specific subject-matter by which specified and characterized. Moreover, no scientific discipline should discuss of its own subject-matter but this is a task must be undertaken by another discipline prior to it. As to Islamic mysticism there have been controversial whether it is a scientific discipline with a certain subject-matter or not. Some Muslim mystics such as Qunawi, believe that God is the subject-matter of mysticism and the Names of the Essence are its principles, and the Names of his Attributes as well as His Acts are its problems. According to Imam Khomeini’s view, however, different branches of human sciences, on the testimony of their historical development, don’t need to have a unique subject-matter. In this point of view, the difference between several branches returns to their intrinsic authenticity. Then the subject of mysticism is God who is a personal and particular, not a universal. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
779 - The Voice of Employees and Organizational Consequences: The Voice of employees’ Strategies based on the moderating roles of Leader-Member Exchange and Culture (Universalism& Particularism)
Gholamali Tabarsa Ali Rezaian Parisa FalakiAlthough research has been conducted on the impact of voice of employees on organizational consequences, few studies have investigated the impact of other variables on the relationship between these variables. Therefore, given the high impact of voice of employees on or MoreAlthough research has been conducted on the impact of voice of employees on organizational consequences, few studies have investigated the impact of other variables on the relationship between these variables. Therefore, given the high impact of voice of employees on organizational consequences, it is important to recognize such variables. Therefore, the present study investigates the moderating roles of organizational culture and leader-member exchange in this regard. The population consisted of 2063 employees of Central Bank of Saderat. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and the hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling with the help of Smart PLS software. It can be concluded that populist culture and improved relationships between leaders and employees reinforce the positive effects of voice of employees on organizational consequences. Also, four strategies of voice of employees are explained based on these two variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
780 - بررسی رابطه بین سبکهای رهبری تحول آفرین، تبادلی و عدم ملاحظه
علی اصغر حیات مصطفی عزیزی شمامی حاتم فرجی مسلم ملکی حسنوند -
Open Access Article
781 - بررسی تاثیر ترکیب سهامداران ( اشخاص حقیقی و حقوقی ) شرکتها بر حجم مبادلات نقد شوندگی سهام آنها
محمد نمازی فرزانه حیدر پور کاظم محمدی -
Open Access Article
782 - ارتباط بین تغییرات اقلام ترازنامه، سود و زیان و حجم مبادلات با بازده سهام در شرکت های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران
زهرا لشگری نادر نوروزی -
Open Access Article
783 - تأثیر هزینه آموزش و هزینه تبلیغات بانکداری الکترونیکی بر افزایش جذب سپرده های بانکها (مطالعه موردی بانک صادرات استان مازندران )
فرزانه حیدر پور ابو طالب طهماسبی گتابی -
Open Access Article
784 - Comparison of social exchange styles and socialization and psychological well-being among convicts, plaintiffs and the ordinary group of the government penitentiary complex (medical violations)
mahvash Izadi majid saffariniaThe aim of this study was to compare social exchange styles and socialization and psychological well-being among convicts and plaintiffs and ordinary people in the government penitentiary complex. The research design was descriptive and its population was all clients of MoreThe aim of this study was to compare social exchange styles and socialization and psychological well-being among convicts and plaintiffs and ordinary people in the government penitentiary complex. The research design was descriptive and its population was all clients of Tehran Government Penitentiary Complex (Medical Violations Branches) (1399). 255 samples were randomly selected, 85 were plaintiffs, 85 were offending physicians, and 85 were normal, all male. The research instruments are Liebman (2011) Social Exchange Styles Questionnaire, Penner Socialization Questionnaire (2002) and Ryff Psychological Welfare Questionnaire (1995). Multivariate analysis of variance and post hoc tests with SPSS26 and LISREL 10 software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the social exchange styles and sociability of the three groups and in terms of psychological well-being in the normal group was higher than the accused and plaintiff groups. By recognizing the social personality characteristics of these offenders, it is possible to understand the cause of personality violations to some extent, and take steps to prevent and reduce such violations through pre-employment counseling and licensing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
785 - مقایسه ذهن آگاهی و باورهای فراشناختی در دبیران مدارس متوسطه پسرانه نجف آباد با عفو و گذشت کم و زیاد
mohsen movahedi -
Open Access Article
786 - بررسی نقش دینداری نوجوانان (19-12 ساله) در میزان همنوایی آنان با هنجارهای اجتماعی در شهر آذرشهر
samad abedini zeinab shahrimajareshin -
Open Access Article
787 - بررسی رابطه بین اشتغال زنان و کیفیت روابط خانوادگی آنان در شهر مهاباد
Hesam Nasiri Nematollah taghaviهدف اصلی این تحقیق، بررسی رابطه بین اشتغال زنان و کیفیت روابط خانوادگی آنان در شهر مهاباد میباشد و روش تحقیق، توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق، کلیه زنان متأهل با دامنه سنی60 ـ20 سال شاغل شهر مهاباد در سال 94ـ93 به تعداد 2995 نفر میباشد. Moreهدف اصلی این تحقیق، بررسی رابطه بین اشتغال زنان و کیفیت روابط خانوادگی آنان در شهر مهاباد میباشد و روش تحقیق، توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه در این تحقیق، کلیه زنان متأهل با دامنه سنی60 ـ20 سال شاغل شهر مهاباد در سال 94ـ93 به تعداد 2995 نفر میباشد. حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران، 350 نفر برآورد گردیده و نمونهها به شیوه خوشهای چندمرحلهای و همچنین تصادفی سیستماتیک انتخاب گردیدند. گردآوری دادهها با استفاده از پرسشنامه محققساخته که ضریب پایایی آن به کمک آلفای کرونباخ 89/0 به دست آمد، صورت گرفت. به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها از آمار توصیفی و استنباطی و آزمون خیدو و با کمک جدول فراوانی و درصد استفاده شده است. فرضیه اصلی تحقیق با آزمون خیدو و مقدار خطای 5 درصد و سطح معنیداری 95 درصد مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. بنابراین نتایج یافتههای این پژوهش بیانگر آن است که روابط خانوادگی زنان شاغل از کیفیت بهتری برخوردار است. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
788 - Designing a fuzzy multi-objective optimization model for portfolio of bank exchange and participatory contracts
mohadese kouchaki tajani reza fallah mehdi Maranjory Razieh AlikhaniAsset quality of banks is a considerable indicator of bankruptcy signals, affecting efficiency and continuity of bank activities. Increasing the volume of non-current receivables increases the risk and adversely affects the efficiency of the banking network. planning to MoreAsset quality of banks is a considerable indicator of bankruptcy signals, affecting efficiency and continuity of bank activities. Increasing the volume of non-current receivables increases the risk and adversely affects the efficiency of the banking network. planning to collect such receivables timely as well as prevention of mis management in the lending sector result in increased income, profitability, increased resources of banks, decreased credit risks, and low likelihood of bankruptcy. The aim of present research is to provide a mathematical model of fuzzy multi-objective optimization to optimize exchange and participatory contracts of banks. In present research, optimization is implemented by increasing current loans and minimizing credit and bankruptcy risks. After programming, research data is analyzed by using GAMS software. Results of the optimization of each category of loans include a 2% increase in current loans returns, a 2.1% decrease in risks the passed due dates, a 3.3% reduction of outstanding loans, and a 10.95% decrease in doubtful debts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
789 - Impact of applying technology of digital currency on searching and bargaining costs towards resistance economy
maryam Farzanehrafat amir gholami Seyed Mohammad Mehdi AhmadiBlock chain technology as a promising innovation in the cyber space brings new opportunities. It serves not only the computer world but also other areas like the economy. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using block chain as the backend technology MoreBlock chain technology as a promising innovation in the cyber space brings new opportunities. It serves not only the computer world but also other areas like the economy. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using block chain as the backend technology for digital currency on reducing costs in economic transactions, which has done in the period of 2019-2021. The hypothesis of the research claims that block chain enables us to reduce searching and bargaining costs towards resistance economy. This research benefits from a pluralistic method to study the impact of applying block chain technology in the field of economy. In doing so, three different methods were used in order to investigate the research hypothesis including theoretical analysis, interview with 20 experts and statistical inference. the findings indicated that applying block chain technology results in reduction of searching and bargaining costs. block chain immutability and decentralizing characteristic reduce searching and bargaining costs more than other features and the existence of distributed ledger has impact on decreasing both searching and bargaining costs. Moreover, block chain can be aligned towards the goals of the resistance economy by bringing new technology into the economy and reducing the costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
790 - Providing a model of trading volume relationships, transaction value with stock returns and price bubbles in different industries of Tehran Stock Exchange by using COPPOLA functions and GARCH models
jalil beytari hosein panahianThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between volume of transactions and value of transactions with stock returns in the stock exchange and various stock markets during the years 1385 to 1395. To investigate these communications, we used MGJR-GAR MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between volume of transactions and value of transactions with stock returns in the stock exchange and various stock markets during the years 1385 to 1395. To investigate these communications, we used MGJR-GARCH, DCC-GJR-GARCH, diagonal BEKK and COPULA models. Between trading volume changes and stock returns of companies there is a two-way and direct relationship, but the relationship between transaction value and stock returns is one-way, and only the value of transactions that affects stock returns. Also, in the review of variables Researches with volume of transactions revealed that changes in the variables of liquidity volume, annual returns and oil prices with the volume of transactions have a reverse and meaningful relationship, and the returns of companies' shares and the value of transactions with the volume of transactions has a direct and meaningful relationship. Also, other than the volume of transactions, other research variables have a significant relationship with annual stock returns. The volatility of the volatile variables, the volume of liquidity and the price of gold, direct effect, and the changes in the value of transactions and oil prices have a negative effect on the returns of companies. The only variable whose volatility affects the price of oil is the return on shares of the companies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
791 - Analysis of Power exchange option value of dollar base on gold by using of time series
Morteza Rahmani Abolfazl Tari-Marzabad سیده نفیسه Nafiseh Alemohammad Tahereh MoradzadehIn this paper, we first present the pricing equation for American and European type of standard and power exchange options. Then we tested 501 price of gold and dollar from first day of Persian month Farvardin of year 1391 to the first day of Persian month Tir of MoreIn this paper, we first present the pricing equation for American and European type of standard and power exchange options. Then we tested 501 price of gold and dollar from first day of Persian month Farvardin of year 1391 to the first day of Persian month Tir of year 1394, by using time series and ARCH, GARCH, MAR-ARCH, ARMA-GARCH, GJR-GARCH models in order to determines power of assets exchange to calculate value of power exchange option dollar on base of gold in near future. Finally, by comparing the mean square error of observation and conditional variance by considering AIC and BIC measures, we choose an appropriate model of above models. Also Christoffersen and Kupiec, as an appropriate model tests are used for forecasting and analysis the behavior of gold and dollar power option pricing. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
792 - The Probability of Informed Trading Criterion in measuring the information asymmetry risk and ranking of Tehran Stock Exchange companies
Hamidreza Korditamandani Gholmreza Zamanian Madjid Hatefi MadjumerdAsymmetric information can have a huge impact on financial markets. One of the important effects of asymmetric information in the market is the Inclination of market performance towards disruptions and inefficiencies, as the way information is input in the fluctuation o MoreAsymmetric information can have a huge impact on financial markets. One of the important effects of asymmetric information in the market is the Inclination of market performance towards disruptions and inefficiencies, as the way information is input in the fluctuation of market prices and determining the final price and asymmetric information can reduce efficiency. In this regard, the main objective of this research is to measure the risk of information asymmetry using theProbability of Informed Trading (PIN) model in Tehran Stock Exchange companies. The results show that the information asymmetry risk of Tehran Stock Exchange companies is not the same and there is a significant difference between the information risk asymmetry indexes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
793 - Trading volume of stock market and economic growth: Moderating the role of Information and Communication Technology by considering to the development of countries
Gholamreza Mahfoozi Mohsen Akbari Mahsa Farkhonde Zahra AyaghOne of the main factors behind the growth of various countries is the development of financial markets, which has facilitated and accelerated the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in recent years for countries. The purpose of this study is to invest MoreOne of the main factors behind the growth of various countries is the development of financial markets, which has facilitated and accelerated the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in recent years for countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of stock exchanges on economic growth with the moderation of ICT in developed and developing countries during the period 2011-2016. Data and information about the sample countries are gathered from the reports the global innovation index. The method of fitting the models in the present study is the panel data method using Eviews software. The results showed that ICT affects the relationship between volume of stock exchanges and economic growth only in developed countries, which is due to the development of these types of technologies in developed countries. It seems that developing countries need to be equipped with ICTs as well as developed countries to achieve greater economic growth. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
794 - The effect of sowing date on peanut seed vigor and yield
zahra rastegar Farshid Ghaderi-Far Hamidreza Sadeghipour Ebrahim ZeinaliDetermination of proper time for planting and harvesting has special importance. For determination of proper time of maturity with high vigor and yield, an experiment was conducted in two crop years in complete block design in research station of Gorgan University of Ag MoreDetermination of proper time for planting and harvesting has special importance. For determination of proper time of maturity with high vigor and yield, an experiment was conducted in two crop years in complete block design in research station of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR). In first and second year the study was performed in five and two planting dates respectively. The Sampling repeats weekly when seed developed in pods and were transferred immediately to the laboratory. Seed germination and moisture content was determined and electrical conductivity test was measured after drying the seeds. Results showed that seed moisture content in final stage, germination percentage, electrical conductivity, seeds filling rate, seed filling period and seedling vigor were significantly affected by planting date. Seeds which planted early had lower moisture content in harvest time and higher germination percentage than seeds which planted late. Different sowing date significantly affected seed yield in the first year, while in the second year delay sowing had no significant effect on total seed yield. Reduce seed filling period in late planting date of first year and facing this period with the end of season rainfall led to significant decrease in seed vigor and quality. results suggested between weather parameters, temperature and rainfall during seed filling period had significant effects on peanut seed vigor and yield. So adjusting planting date according to location weather condition could results high quality and vigor seeds in harvest time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
795 - Study ecological characteristics Valeriana sisymbriifolia in Yazd (Case study: Bahabad area)
fatemeh sharajabian ali asghar mosleh arani zeynalabedin hosseini reza bagheri hengameh zandiValeriana sisymbriifolia species is a kind of Valerianaceae which has been used as soothing nerves, eliminating insomnia from past until now. This study was conducted for recognizing some ecological characteristics, trying in order to farming, and preventing its destruc MoreValeriana sisymbriifolia species is a kind of Valerianaceae which has been used as soothing nerves, eliminating insomnia from past until now. This study was conducted for recognizing some ecological characteristics, trying in order to farming, and preventing its destruction in the natural habitat. Habitat characteristics of this species such as climatology, soil characteristics, associated species, phenology and biometric characteristics of population were investigated in order to research. After collecting the species' seeds, the effects of different treatments on germination were investigated. The results indicate this species are distributed in height of 1850 meters above sea level in the northern slope of the Kam Kuiye mountains of Bahabad city of the Yazd province. The site's climate is cold and dry based on Dr. Karimi method. Moreover, soil characteristics' studies show that sandy loam texture ,non-saline, with neutral PH near alkaline, low organic material, 30-35% lime for growing of Valerian is suitable. According to this study regeneration of this species is done well and its vegetative growth time is from April to July. In this site, Juniperus, Amygdalus scoparia, Lonicera, Dionysia, Cotoneatster are seen, that indicate adequate moisture need and mountainous areas climate. The results also show that gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate and cooling treatments used in most concentrations did not have significant effect on increasing of seeds germination of this species compared to control. The results of this study can be used to develop this medicinal species in areas with similar ecological conditions for conserving and using of this species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
796 - Effect of green manure and biological fertilizer on morphological characteristics, grain yield and essential oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L.
Mahmoud Pouryousef Miandoab Amine HomayoniIn order to evaluate the effects of green manure and manure on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics, Dracocephalum Moldavica L, were tested in a Split-plot design, a completely randomized block design with four replications at the research farm of west Azar MoreIn order to evaluate the effects of green manure and manure on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics, Dracocephalum Moldavica L, were tested in a Split-plot design, a completely randomized block design with four replications at the research farm of west Azarbaijan Agricultural Research Center in during the years 2011-2012. Main factor consisted of four types of green manure (Secale montanum, Trifolium Pratenes, Medicago sativa and Lathyrus sativus .L) and sub factor 5 types of manure ( 0 t/ha mannure (control), 40 t/ha mannure, nitroxin+ 1/3 manure, nitroxin+ 1/2 manure and nitroxin+ 40 t/ha mannure). The results indicated, that the effect of green manure and manure with nitroxin on leaf dry weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index, at the 1% level and on the thousand grain weight at the 1% level were statistically significant. The interaction of two factors showed that the highest amount of grain yield was related to the Secale montanum green manure in nitroxin+ 40t/ha mannure (2984 kg/ha) and the lowest amount of grain yield was related to Secale montanum green manure in the control of manure with nitroxin (1227/75 kg/ha). Also, maximum and minimum biological yield were obtained as affected by Medicago sativa green manure in in nitroxin+ 40t/ha mannure (17520 kg/ha) and in Secale montanum green manure in the control of manure with nitroxin (12580 kg/ha), respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
797 - The effect of application plant mulches on weeds control of fig (Ficus carica) orchards in Estahban region
Zahra Tabesh Farhad MohajeriTo study the effect of different types of plant mulch and their thicknesses on weeds control of fig (Ficus carica) orchards, an experiment was performed in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Estahban region of MoreTo study the effect of different types of plant mulch and their thicknesses on weeds control of fig (Ficus carica) orchards, an experiment was performed in a factorial arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Estahban region of Fars province, Iran in 2018, where factors were non-living mulch in three levels (Almond shell, Wheat straw and Licorice residues) and mulch thickness in four levels (Control, 5, 10 and 15 cm). The results indicated that mulches can significantly reduce weeds density and growth (dry and wet weight) in compare to control treatment. Application of Licorice residues better than other treatments controlled the growth and density of weeds in fig. Among the levels of different mulch thickness, 10 cm thick mulch, in addition to minimize soil moisture loss, resulted to reduce the biological yield of weeds. In general, non-living mulches can be an effective agronomic management to control the weeds in fig orchards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
798 - Review some autecological charactristics of Zygophyllum atriplicoides in the North of fars province. (Case study: Ranglands of Abadeh county)
Reza Farrokhi Hossein GharedaghiThis research studied in ranglands of Abadeh county 2015-2016. First model of growth place prepare then its charactristics has been studied such as topography, slope, vector, geology, soil, climate, herbal coating, root system, phenology, jassid, forage quality. Result MoreThis research studied in ranglands of Abadeh county 2015-2016. First model of growth place prepare then its charactristics has been studied such as topography, slope, vector, geology, soil, climate, herbal coating, root system, phenology, jassid, forage quality. Result showed that the level of of Zaygophyllum atriplicoides growth place. in Abadeh cunty is 18.9%. This species is more in north, northeast, southeast. Geology studies showed that this species grow in limestone, shale, icy formations. In average canopy coverage percent is 39.1% and density of 6000 in each hectare. The root is kind of spray and has many auxiliary branches. Vegetation growth starts in middle of March. Time of flower appearance is in beginning of April and seeded is in last of April till middle of May. Seeds ripe and offusion start in beginning of June. In case of quality it changed from beginning and end of growth season: Crude protein 27.14 to 16.13%, Acid detergent fiber scale 5.36 to 12.46%, Natural detergent fiber scale 11.57 to 20.46% has been changed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
799 - Study of agronomic characteristics nitrogen and nutrient fusion management
Esmail Abkar Esmaeil Nabizadeh mohsen roshdiضFor evaluation of agronomical characteristics and dragonhead yield in different levels of nitrogen and microelements spraying (Fe, B, Zn). Expermental was conducted in factorial in the based of randomized complete block design with three replications in 3 km west Khoy MoreضFor evaluation of agronomical characteristics and dragonhead yield in different levels of nitrogen and microelements spraying (Fe, B, Zn). Expermental was conducted in factorial in the based of randomized complete block design with three replications in 3 km west Khoy city at 2016 and 2017. The first one consisted of three levels of recommended nitrogen fertilization, respectively, before planting, half before planting and half a month later planting, one third before planting and one-third one month after planting, and one-third 45 days after planting and the second factor was the use of low-level elements in five levels including non-consuming treatments, iron with boron, iron with zinc boron, zinc. Acoording to the results, growth and yield increase was observed using fertilizers, so that the highest plant height was 70.30 cm in two stages the number of external branches was 6.6, the yield of 10805 kg / kg per capita, dry matter yield of 828.88 kg / ha in three stages, essential oil percentage of 59/0% and essential oil yield of 16.33 kg / ha in nitrogen application in two stages and low iron, boron and was observed. Although the second treatment of nitrogen (half before planting and half after sowing) combined with the of boron and zinc micronutrients, the highest percentage of essential oil was 59.5%, but the consumption of other micronutrients also increased the essential oil content. Meanwhile, the highest material yield of nitrogen in nitrogen application was obtained at 1080.77 kg / ha during three stages. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
800 - Investigating the Fluctuations of Precipitation on Rangeland Vegetation Yield and Cover in Steppic Rangelands (Case study: Sadrabad Rangelands of Nadoushan-Yazd province-Iran)
hadi farokhi Saeid Mohtashamnia Majid AbbasizadehInvestigating rangeland vegetation cover and yield changes in relation to precipitation fluctuations is considered as an important factor which can be affected on range ecosystem analysis, grazing management, rehabilitation and reclamation programs. In this research, th MoreInvestigating rangeland vegetation cover and yield changes in relation to precipitation fluctuations is considered as an important factor which can be affected on range ecosystem analysis, grazing management, rehabilitation and reclamation programs. In this research, the precipitation fluctuations on rangeland vegetation cover and yield of steppic rangelands was considered in Nadoushan-Yazd province. For investigating cover and precipitation effect, three main species were selected and measured. Based on palatability, yield has been measured in random plots. Finally, statistical analysis was conducted by using stepwis regression techniques. Results showed the most dominant species reacted to precipitation fluctuations. Erotia ceratoides cover showed positive regression with recent precipitation whereas Stipa barbata and Artemisia sieberi cover had related with January to March precipitation. Basically, precipitation has the most effect on whole vegetation particularly class III plants and growth season besides winter season caused production in class II and I respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
801 - The change of physiological activities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to different irrigation regimes and Ethanol foiliar application
Reza Ahmadi Sharif Hamid Reza Zakerin Marefat Mostafavi Rad saeed sayfzadeh Seyed Alireza ValadabadiIn order to evaluate of physiological activities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to different irrigation regimes and Ethanol foliar application, an experiment carried out as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in expe MoreIn order to evaluate of physiological activities in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in response to different irrigation regimes and Ethanol foliar application, an experiment carried out as split plat based on randomized complete block design with three replications in experimental field of Agicutural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Guilan Province, Astara (Kanroud research station), Iran during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Four level of irrigation regimes at 25, 50 and 75 and 100 mm evaporation from class A pan and three levels of Ethanol 10, 20 and 30 % (v:v), comprised experimental factors, as main plot and sub plot, respectively. The interaction effect beween irrigation regime and Ethanol alcohol was significant for all measuered characteristics in peanut at 1% probability level. Drought stress caused to decrease grain yield per unit area, leaf chlorophy index and leaf relative water content in peanut. But, drought stress increased the value of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein, anthocyanins and the activitiy of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes. The greatest grain yield (3275 kh/ha) was obtained in response to irrigation regime after 25 mm evaporation fron “A pan” along with foliar application of Ethanol at the rate of 20% (v/v). In general, result showed that the foliar application of Ehanol could be recommendable in direction to enhance grain yield and resistance of peant plans againest to drought stress under similar climatic condition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
802 - Study on litter quality two rangeland Species Artemisia sieberi and Salsola dendroides and its effects on soils properties in Til-Abad (Golestan province)
N. Ghezelseflou S.Kh. Mahdavi A. HosseyniLitter of plant is the best factor in soil stability and conservation and as a result of its decomposition the soil organic matter increases and amends the chemical properties, increasing plant production. The aim of this research was to study litter quality MoreLitter of plant is the best factor in soil stability and conservation and as a result of its decomposition the soil organic matter increases and amends the chemical properties, increasing plant production. The aim of this research was to study litter quality and feet soil’s Artemisia sieberi and Salsola dendroides species on carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and respect carbon/nitrogen of in region Til-Abad of Golestan province. After identifying habitat of these two species in Til-Abad, at the end of growing season, litter and soil in mentioned species were collected in this site, sampling was conducted randomly – systematic. Then along each transect sampling litter and soil from a depth of 0-30 cm from each species site and sampling was done in control site too. Then the properties of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil were measured. Analysis was performed using T-test. Results showed the amount of P and C/N in the feet soil and C, K, C/N in the litter of Salsola dendroides were the highest but Ar.sieberi species is the best species in soil productivity of this region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
803 - Effect of salinity on flowering in eggplant varieties
H. Sadeghi H. RassoliIn order to study the effect of sodium chloride salinity on flowering of eggplant varieties grown in the open air, a research was conducted in a completely randomized design with 10 replications. Salinity levels were used in seven concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 MoreIn order to study the effect of sodium chloride salinity on flowering of eggplant varieties grown in the open air, a research was conducted in a completely randomized design with 10 replications. Salinity levels were used in seven concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mM sodium chloride. The amounts of sodium chloride were added to the irrigation water (219 µmho.cm-1). Three varieties of eggplant seedlings (Jahrom locally, Dezful slender and sweet Hindi), were prepared and planted in plastic bags containing 9 kg of dominant cultivation soil of Khonj zone. Salinity treatments were followed for 5 months. Results showed that salinity generally reduced the number of flowers per plant compared to the control treatment and has delayed the flowering time but has no significant effect on the number of open flowers. Among studied cultivars based on considered characters the variety of Jahrom locally was evaluated as a more salinity tolerant and the variety of Dezful slender as the most sensitive one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
804 - Evaluation habitant condaition of Amygdalus scoparia in Bolhasan Dezful using multiple criteria decision making method
S.A. Jozi N. Moradi Majd -
Open Access Article
805 - بررسی آلودگی انگلی دیپلوستومیازیس در ماهیان سد مهاباد آذربایجان غربی
داریوش آزادیخواه سهراب رسولی علی نکوئی فرد سیروان رحیم پور امین خدادادی نیما بهبودی -
Open Access Article
806 - بررسی لیمنولوژی برخی منابع آبی حاجی آباد در شمال غرب هرمزگان
محمدرضا ماندگاری محمدرضا احمدی احسان کامرانی -
Open Access Article
807 - Study the effect of different concentration of EM1 Baikal Fertilizer on morphological traits, yield characteristics and essential oil content of Moldavian Balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)
ali salehi sardoeiBecause of directly and indirectly usage of medicinal plants, organic cultivations of these plants are very important. In order to, study the effect of different concentration of EM Baikal Fertilizer on morphological traits, yield characteristics and essential oil conte MoreBecause of directly and indirectly usage of medicinal plants, organic cultivations of these plants are very important. In order to, study the effect of different concentration of EM Baikal Fertilizer on morphological traits, yield characteristics and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. the pot experience was conducted on randomized design whit 5 treatments and 6 replications in freedom place. Treatments were included of different concentration of fertilizer solution (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 per Litter that 0 as control). The seedling were transplanted to pots at 4 leafy plant stage (about 10 cm height). At 6 leafy plant stage, the treatments used and was continued to the end of the plant life. In each pot, 5 plants kept, and irrigations were two times a week (400 cc) and fertilization was once a week (300 cc). At the end of experiment, at full flowering stage, plant height, inflorescence height, fresh and dry weight of inflorescence and shoot, plant yield, fresh and dry weight of root, essential oil percentage and yield and N, P, K absorption were determined. The results showed significant effect on some measured factors. By increasing of concentration from 0 to 4 gr/l, essential oil content was increased (from 0.5 to 0.77) and more increasing from 4 to 8 gr/l, led to decreasing in essential oil content and the lowest content belong to control treatment. But the most plant yield (16.14 gr/pot) was observed to 2 gr/l treatment. Regarding to absorption of elements, Maximum absorption of Nitrogen (2.56%), Phosphorus (0.013%) and Potassium (0.155%) belong to 2, 4 and 8 gr/l treatments, respectively. In totally, application of 2 gr/l of this organic fertilizer for Dracocephalum moldavica recommend. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
808 - Effect of Methanol and zinc on growth and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Reza Pilevare khomami Mohamad Taghi Safarzadeh Vishkaei NC2 variety of a Factorial experiment with randomized complete block design in 3 replication during 2010-2011 done in Bandar Kiashahr county located in Guilan province is used to survey effect of methanol and zinc on peanut growth index and yiel More NC2 variety of a Factorial experiment with randomized complete block design in 3 replication during 2010-2011 done in Bandar Kiashahr county located in Guilan province is used to survey effect of methanol and zinc on peanut growth index and yield. Various methanol application (0, 10, 20, 30 v/v) and zinc chelate (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) in 1000 cc formed surveying treatments. The result showed that methanol application had significant impact on leaf area index, pod dry weight, crop growth rate, pod growth rate, pod yield, grain yield, and maximum belonged to 20 % and 30 % v/v of methanol and 1.5/1000 cc zinc application treatments. But amount of seed`s oil had no significant difference between witness and plants treated with methanol. Also interaction effect of methanol and zinc was significant in all parameters except oil content. Maximum seed and pod yield (6809 and 5181 kg/h) were gained by 30 % v/v of methanol and 1.5/1000 cc zinc application. The highest leaf area index, growth rate of plant and pod growth rate were gained respectively in 90 and 105 days after planting with same methanol and zinc application mentioned above. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
809 - Effect of methanol and zinc application on peanut qualities and quantities characteristics in Guilan region
R. Pilehvari Khomami M. N. Safarzadeh Vishkaei N. Sajedi M. Rasuli M. MoradiBandar Kiashahr County located in Guilan province is used to survey effect of methanol and zinc on peanut qualities and quantities characteristics.Various methanol application (0, 10, 20, 30 v/v) and zinc chelate (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) in 1000cc were selected as surveying tre MoreBandar Kiashahr County located in Guilan province is used to survey effect of methanol and zinc on peanut qualities and quantities characteristics.Various methanol application (0, 10, 20, 30 v/v) and zinc chelate (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) in 1000cc were selected as surveying treatments. Results indicated that zinc and methanol application had significant effects on measured parameters. Also comparing the average of measured parameters showed that interaction effect of methanol solution 30% (v/v) and zinc 1/1000cc on surveyed parameters are more than other treatments. Foliar methanol and zinc application increased pod yield, grain yield, weight of 100 kernel, mature pods per plant, protein content of seed and oil content of seed but interaction effect of methanol and zinc had no significant impact on oil and protein content of seeds. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
810 - The Study of Reptiles and Birds Fauna of Abbas abad Wild Life Refuge in Naein, Isfahan Province
حسین اکبری مهدی جلالپور ویدا حجتی محمدصفا گل محمدیAbbas abad world wild refuge is one of the most intact desert ecosystems of Iran, with 300000 hectares area is located in Naein city in the eastern of Isfahan and because of insertion between the most original habitats of Iranian cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus is considered MoreAbbas abad world wild refuge is one of the most intact desert ecosystems of Iran, with 300000 hectares area is located in Naein city in the eastern of Isfahan and because of insertion between the most original habitats of Iranian cheetah, Acinonyx jubatus is considered as a connecting bridge for small and dispersed populations of cheetah in Iran. This region also is one of the best habitats for Felis margarita, Caracal caracal and Gazella bennettii in Isfahan Province. This study was done in order to identifying the reptiles and birds of Abbas abad Wild Life Refuge during 2006-10 and totally 42 species of reptiles and 140 species of birds were identified. Among of them especiallyVaranus griseus, Uromastyx aegyptius, Chlamydotis undulataandPodoces pleskeiare important. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
811 - Identification of Mammalian Fauna of Abbasabad Wildlife Refuge, Naein, Isfahan Province
حسین اکبری آرش صادقی محمدصادق فرهادی نیا محمدصفا گل محمدی ویدا حجتیAbbasabad Wildlife Refuge is one of the most intact desert ecosystems of Iran, with 300000 hectares area is located in Naein city in the eastern of Isfahan and because of insertion between the most original habitats of Asiatic cheetah, Acinonyxjubatus is considered as a MoreAbbasabad Wildlife Refuge is one of the most intact desert ecosystems of Iran, with 300000 hectares area is located in Naein city in the eastern of Isfahan and because of insertion between the most original habitats of Asiatic cheetah, Acinonyxjubatus is considered as a connecting bridge for small and dispersed populations of cheetah in Iran. Hence protection of Abbasabad as a crossroad for Iranian cheetahs can help to the long-term survival of this species. This region also is one of the best habitats for Felis margarita, Caracal caracal and Gazellabennettii in Isfahan Province. The present study was conducted in 2006-2010 in order to identify the mammals, mainly from carnivores and their associated species. Identified species included: Paraechinushypomelas, Musmusculus, Merionespersicus, Allactaga elater, Jaculusblanfordi, Hystrixindica, Lepuseuropaeus, Vulpesvulpes, Vulpesrueppellii, Vulpescana, Canisaureus, Canis lupus, Hyaenahyaena, Felis margarita, Felissilvestris,Caracal caracal, Pantherapardus, Acinonyxjubatus, Equushemionus, Ovisorientalis, Capra aegagrus and Gazellabennettii. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
812 - Effects ofMelissa officinalisExtractonLiver Enzymes and Histologyin Mice ر
مهرداد مدرسی صفیه گلخنی مهران مجلسیBalm (Melissa officinalis) has many medical properties including relaxing, anti oxidant, and anti bacterial. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of balm on activity of liver enzymes including AST, ALT, and ALP and also liver tis MoreBalm (Melissa officinalis) has many medical properties including relaxing, anti oxidant, and anti bacterial. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of balm on activity of liver enzymes including AST, ALT, and ALP and also liver tissues variation in Balb/C mice. In this experimental study, samples were randomly divided into fivegroups (three treatment groups, placebo and control group) with eight members in each group. Groups were kept under similar conditions. Hydro alcholic extract was prepared in three doses (50,100, and 200 mg/kg) and were IP for twenty days. Normal saline was used for placebo group. After the last injection blood samples were taken and liver tissues were separated. Changes of AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes was evaluated using one way variance analysis and SPSS program (P ر Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
813 - Survey on Prevalence Rate of Cryptosporidiosis in Sheep and Goats Population of Mahabad City
Kiarash Dezhban Sohrab RasouliCryptosporidium is a small coccidian parasite invaded and replicated within the epithelial cell lining of digestive, respiratory, and conjunctiva organs of vertebrates. Cryptosporidium is an intracellular and exocytoplasmic organism. It has been shown to be an important MoreCryptosporidium is a small coccidian parasite invaded and replicated within the epithelial cell lining of digestive, respiratory, and conjunctiva organs of vertebrates. Cryptosporidium is an intracellular and exocytoplasmic organism. It has been shown to be an important cause of enterocolitis and self-limited diarrhea in numbers of animals with defect in their immunity system. In this survey, we examined 419 fecal samples including sheep and goats population of Mahabad city, Iran. Forty nine samples of this examined animals (17 samples of sheep and goats are under 1 year old, 11 samples of sheep and goats between 1 and 2 years, 9 samples of sheep and goats between 2 and 3 years, 8 samples between 3 and 4 years old, and 4 samples of sheep and goats are over 4 years) are positive with a view of shedding of oocyst. There was significant statistical relationship between infection rate and sex P<0.05. There was significant statistical relationship between infection rate and age P<0.05. There was significant statistical relationship between infection rate and seasons of the year P<0.05 and there was no significant statistical relationship between sheep population and goat population in Mahabad city (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
814 - The Effect of Melissa Officinalis and Melilotus Officinalis Extracts on Liver Function and Physiological Changes in Rats
Maryam Karimi Dehkordi Farid Rezaei Maryam AlmasiMedicinal plants used in traditional medicine of our country to treat various diseases are growing, but the effects of biological active compounds of these plants are still unknown on human health. Melissa officinalis and Melilotus officinalis are widely used in west of MoreMedicinal plants used in traditional medicine of our country to treat various diseases are growing, but the effects of biological active compounds of these plants are still unknown on human health. Melissa officinalis and Melilotus officinalis are widely used in west of Iran as herbal medicine. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of ethanol extraction of Melissa officinalis and Melilotus officinalis on the liver enzymes (ALT and AST). Fifty Sprague- Dawley rats were assigned to five equal groups. The animals in groups 1 and 2 received Melissa officinalis extract (600 and 1200 mg/kg, respectively) and the rats of the third and fourth group received Melilotus officinalis extract (600 and 1200 mg/kg, respectively) for 30 days. The blood samples were collected into vacutainers without anticoagulant for biochemical analysis. The results of this study indicate that Melissa officinalis and Melilotus officinalis extracts were able to increase the AST levels in all animals compared to the control group. A significant increase in ALP activity was recorded in group 3 compared to the control (P= 0.027). The highest activity in serum ALT was observed in rats receiving the high dose of Melissa officinalis, but exhibited no statistically significant difference compared to the control group (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
815 - Efficacy and Antibody Titers Response of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Bivalent Vaccine Against; Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia rockeri
Seyed Abdolhamid Hosseini Mojtaba Alishahi Seyed Mohammad Jalil Zorrieh Zahra Abolhassan Rastiannasab Roghaye Mahmoudi Eisa Falahat Naserabad Esmaeel KazemiStreptococcosis and Yersiniosis are important diseases for the aquaculture industry for the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this study, the specific immunological responses of rainbow trout to vaccination with the bivalent vaccine of Streptococcus/ Ye MoreStreptococcosis and Yersiniosis are important diseases for the aquaculture industry for the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this study, the specific immunological responses of rainbow trout to vaccination with the bivalent vaccine of Streptococcus/ Yersinios were investigated. Three hundred rainbow trout fingerlings (25±2g) were randomly divided into four equal groups in triplicates. Treatments contain Streptococcosis vaccine, Yersiniosis vaccine, bivalent vaccine, and control group. Fish in vaccinated treatment intraperitoneally injected with 100 microliter vaccine on the first day. The control group was injected with sterile PBS, identical to the vaccinated group. Blood samples were collected from vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups at days 0, 30, and 60 of the study, and antibody titer was subsequently performed. Sixty days after initial immunization, all groups were challenged by a lethal dose of Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia rockeri, mortality rate was calculated and compared among the groups for 14 days. These results indicated high antibody levels in the vaccinated fish at day 30 and 60 post-immunization using both vaccines(p<0.05). However, this amount was fewer at day 60 than day 30. The percentage of trout cumulative mortality after the challenge with Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia rockeri showed a significant decrease in vaccinated groups compared to the control treatment. In general, it can be concluded that the administration of bivalent Streptococosis/Yersiniosis vaccine to the rainbow trout provided appropriate protection against disease and effectively induced the immune response against these two diseases, which is comparable to either of the vaccines separately. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
816 - تحلیل شخصیت نجم الدین رازی در مرصاد العباد
فرانک کریمی توچایی تورج عقدایی حیدر حسن لو نزهت نوحی -
Open Access Article
817 - The Mythology of Fertility and Mythical Allusions in The Kaleidar
Arash Moshfaghi Habib Hassan NejadAbstract The pattern of fertility is of repetitive and basic one in the world of mythology which narrates the story of godlady of mermaid 's( love and fertility )in the plantgod followed by its death and rebirth. G MoreAbstract The pattern of fertility is of repetitive and basic one in the world of mythology which narrates the story of godlady of mermaid 's( love and fertility )in the plantgod followed by its death and rebirth. George Frazer believes that this common pattern which is the incarnation of plant growth in spring and its droopiness in the drought of summer and rebirth again in different ways become brilliant in the mythological and epic texts. " The Kaleidar " , the epic and love novel of Mahmood Dowlatabadi is one of the best literary novels that talks about the fertility of myth based on four elements of rebellion , death, fertility and rebirth. The eternal characteristics of The Kaleidar like the mythical – epics heroes of Orisis, Alis, and Siawash challenge the cruel gods and knowingly encounter death and survive once more and revolutionizes the society's thoughts and provoke uprising of the people. Furthermore, the writer of this work has pointed out to the sacrifice's myth which manifests itself in the archetypal form of filicide, fratricide , and the youth killing. He's also dealt with the opposition of goodness and evil or dualism which are the most important characteristics of Persian mythology and has utilized the mythological stance of well which has an ancient precedence to suit the modern novel in the present day. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
818 - Introducing the Manuscript of Divan of " Mirza Taghi Ben Zaki Saheb Aliabadi "
Kamran Pashaei FakhriAbstract Mirza Taghi Aliabadi Mazandarani, the son of Mirza Zaki, was one the poets and scholars of the second half of 13th A. H. He was from Ali Abad of Mazandaran and was talented in poetry. At first his pen-name was " Malal MoreAbstract Mirza Taghi Aliabadi Mazandarani, the son of Mirza Zaki, was one the poets and scholars of the second half of 13th A. H. He was from Ali Abad of Mazandaran and was talented in poetry. At first his pen-name was " Malali " , then he chose the nom de plume " Saheb " – Saheb Divan. His book of poetry includes odes, fragments, lyrics, quatrains and mathnavi consisting of 5300 couplets. It is mostly about praising Fathalishah, Mohammad Shah Qajar, Imam Ali and the Holy Prophet. The divan of Saheb Aliabadi is one of the highly valuable books that have not been corrected and analyzed yet. His poems have been mentioned in biographies and translations but the divan has not been published. This article tries to introduce it based on the manuscript held in Iranian Islamic Consultative Assembly by the serial number of 1008 and compare it with other five manuscripts. The present manuscript has been considered as the main copy because of its completeness, legibility and originality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
819 - ارائه الگوریتم جدیدی برای تعیین سهم قابل تبدیل نیروگاههای سنتی به نیروگاههای انرژی تجدید پذیر به روش مونت کارلو
هادی اکرمی شاهرخ شجاعیان مهری لطفیبا توجه به روند جایگزینی نیروگاه های سنتی با نیروگاه های تجدید پذیر در شبکه های قدرت مدرن، در این مقاله آلگوریتمی ابتکاری مبتنی بر قابلیت اطمینان برای این منظور پیشنهاد شده است. در ابتدا شاخص LOLE سیستم بدون ظرفیت توان بادی محاسبه و به عنوان شاخص مرجع انتخاب گردید. سپس Moreبا توجه به روند جایگزینی نیروگاه های سنتی با نیروگاه های تجدید پذیر در شبکه های قدرت مدرن، در این مقاله آلگوریتمی ابتکاری مبتنی بر قابلیت اطمینان برای این منظور پیشنهاد شده است. در ابتدا شاخص LOLE سیستم بدون ظرفیت توان بادی محاسبه و به عنوان شاخص مرجع انتخاب گردید. سپس به بررسی جایگزینی واحد های توربین بادی به جای نیروگاه های سنتی پرداخته شده و در هر مرحله، از تولید ظرفیت سنتی کاسته، و ظرفیت تولید توان بادی جایگزین آن گردیده است. میزان ظرفیت تولید توان بادی مورد نیاز برای جایگزینی مناسب، با اتکا به روش مونت کارلو و از مقایسه شاخص LOLE در هر مرحله با شاخص LOLE مرجع، بدست آمده است. در آخر، روند رشد بار 5% در استراتژی توسعه با تمرکز صرف روی تولید بادی بررسی شده و میزان تولید مورد نیاز به ازاء هر رشد بار معین تعیین گردیده است. روش پیشنهادی بر روی شبکه IEEE-RTS پیاده سازی شده است Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
820 - The Role of Customer Knowledge Management in Creating Competitive Advantage in Small and Medium Enterprises; (Case Study: Companies in Industrial City of Khorramabad)
eliza azadbakht naser khaniCKM is a combination of KM and CRM. The CKM is important to develop the business strategy of the organization and as a result to improve organizational activities and achieve competitive advantage. Nowadays in close competitive conditions, the organizations are followin MoreCKM is a combination of KM and CRM. The CKM is important to develop the business strategy of the organization and as a result to improve organizational activities and achieve competitive advantage. Nowadays in close competitive conditions, the organizations are following this concept that '' Implementation of CKM plans can be a factor to cause competitive advantage for them?” So it seems necessary to research on CKM in SME's and its role in competitive advantage. The main aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between customer knowledge management with components gaining customer knowledge, transform customer knowledge, using customer knowledge and support customer knowledge and competitive advantage with components Differentiation and Low Cost in SME's. So in this research, a conceptual model was offered that is a combination of elements of CKM and competitive advantage. The questionnaire was designed and distributed among managers and senior ‎staff and ‎P.L.S software were used for data analysis. The main hypothesis was confirmed with G.O.F criteria 75%, and from 8research hypothesis 6cases were confirmed and 2cases were not confirmed. The relationship between gaining customer knowledge and transform customer knowledge with cost leadership were not confirmed. The relationship between using customer knowledge, support customer knowledge with cost leadership and gaining customer knowledge, transform customer knowledge, using customer knowledge and support customer knowledge with Differentiation are confirmed. The results of this research can be used to increase customer orientation in organization, the importance of customer in competitive advantage, improve performance of organization and reduce the costs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
821 - Investigating the Function of Talishi Proverbs (Minaabadi Dialect of Ardabil Province) in the Life Dimensions of the People of Minaabad Village
Malahat shabani minnabadThe purpose of this study is to investigate the function of proverbs of Talish language proverbs (Minaabadi dialect of Ardabil province) in the dimensions of life of the people of Minaabad village in Ardabil city. Since Talishi proverbs have an effect on various aspects MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the function of proverbs of Talish language proverbs (Minaabadi dialect of Ardabil province) in the dimensions of life of the people of Minaabad village in Ardabil city. Since Talishi proverbs have an effect on various aspects of Talish speakers' lives, and on the other hand, little research has been done on the function of Minaabadi Talashi proverbs, so it is necessary to investigate the function of Talishi proverbs of Minaabadi dialect of Ardabil province, in the dimensions of the lives of the people of Minaabad village. The method of Ground Theory (GT) will be discussed. In order to achieve this goal, structured interviews were conducted with several experts and natives in the field of proverbs, and research data were collected through interviews and observations. The research findings show that the proverb of Minaabadi is a tool for: (1) teaching language knowledge, (2) teaching performance in speaking, (3) induction of value wisdom, ethics. (4) control behavior to conform to agreed-upon norms; and (5) have a moral, philosophical, and motivational function. Therefore, this study confirms that proverbs are a good educational, moral, philosophical and motivational medium due to their linguistic knowledge and positive cultural values, so that they should be preserved by the communities that support them, and especially, the role of the government in supporting the preservation of this proverb. It is very important Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
822 - ...
Saeid Vahidimehr Ali Rezaei Kahnamoei saeid hasan zadeh delgosha -
Open Access Article
823 - Evaluation of the hepatitis B antibody(Anti HBs) level fallowing of vaccination among medical students in Islamic Azad university (Mashhad branch) in 2013
Fatemeh Habibi Amir Hossein MotavaselianBackground: Hepatitis B vaccination is an important preventive approach among high-risk group of medical students. Accordingly, this study was performed to determine the Anti-HBS antibody level after vaccination among medical students in clinical course in Mashad branch MoreBackground: Hepatitis B vaccination is an important preventive approach among high-risk group of medical students. Accordingly, this study was performed to determine the Anti-HBS antibody level after vaccination among medical students in clinical course in Mashad branch of Azad University of Medical Scienes in 2013 and 2014. Methods and Materials: This study was performed as an observational study with descriptive cross-sectional manner. In this study, 154 medical students in clinical course in Mashad branch of Azad University of Medical Scienes in 2013 and 2014 were evaluated and the anti-HBS antibody was determined after vaccination. Results: The results demonstrated that mean antibody titer was 186/5 ± 114/9 units per ml and 10 subjects (6/5%) had no antibody response. Male gender, higher BMI, and longer time passed from vaccination were contributing factors for lower antibody titer (P < 0/05). Conclusions: Totally, according to the obtained results and comparison with other studies, it may be concluded that one out of sixteen medical students would have no antibody response after vaccination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
824 - Evaluation of Anti-HBS-Ab titers in chronic hemodialysis patients in the hospitals of Mashhad Islamic Azad University 2013-2014.
Sara Rastegari Zahra MostafavianIntroduction:Annual measurement of Anti-HBS antibody levels is recommended in hemodialysis patients after immunization with the vaccine. Which in regard to a state of immunosuppression, regular transfusion of blood, blood products and need for hemodialysis; it seems a l MoreIntroduction:Annual measurement of Anti-HBS antibody levels is recommended in hemodialysis patients after immunization with the vaccine. Which in regard to a state of immunosuppression, regular transfusion of blood, blood products and need for hemodialysis; it seems a long time period .This study aimed to evaluate Anti-HBS antibody levels in patients undergoing continuous hemodialysis in the period of 6 months interval. Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study Anti-HBS antibody serum levels were checked in 285 hemodialysis patients referred to 22 Bahman and 17 Shahrivar hospitals of Mashhad in 2013 to 2014. Some demographic data such as age, sex, history of diabetes, previous history of hepatitis B vaccination (four doses schedule) and booster doses, HBS-Ag, Anti-HCV and Anti-HIV were recorded in a checklist prepared for this purpose 4 times in 6 months intervals and were statistically analyzed in SPSS V.20 software. Results: The mean age of patients was 66. 4 ± 8.9 years. 58 % were female and 42 % were male. 58 % of patients had a history of diabetes. The mean duration of dialysis was 50. 1 ± 46. 3 months. At the beginning of the study HBS-Ag was negative in 279 patients (98%) and was positive in 6 patients (2%) and Anti-HCV was positive in one patient (0. 35% ) . These values did not change by the end of the research. Anti-HIV did not become positive in any case in the beginning and throughout the study. At the end of the first year, 157 people (81%) and at the end of the second year, 38 patients (19%) and totally 195 patients (68%) lost their immunity serum levels (Anti-HBS Ab >10 MIU/ml) at least in one of these 6-month intervals. Conclusion:According to the results of this study , measurement of Anti-HBS antibody levels at least every six months, instead of annual measuring can be more effective in terms of hepatitis B contamination prevention in chronic hemodialysis patients . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
825 - Determination of heavy metals concentrations (As, Se, V) in gill, muscle and hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp in Choebdeh shrimp farms (Abadan)
Zahra Moallemi Negar Ghotebddin Mehrdad MohammdidustThis study was carried out to detect the concentration of heavy metals (As, Se, V) in the muscle, gill and hepatopancreas tissues of female and male sexes of Litopenaeus vannamei in Choebdeh shrimp culture (Abadan) at fall 2015. Sampling was conducted with 4 repeats at MoreThis study was carried out to detect the concentration of heavy metals (As, Se, V) in the muscle, gill and hepatopancreas tissues of female and male sexes of Litopenaeus vannamei in Choebdeh shrimp culture (Abadan) at fall 2015. Sampling was conducted with 4 repeats at 3 pounds by net. After separation of tissues, samples were digested by acid digestion with nitric, percloric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The analyses for the detection of heavy metals were carried out by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The highest concentration of As in hepatopancreas was 5.32±0.008 mg kg (- 1) d.w. The highest concentration of Se related to gill (3.112±0.003mg kg (- 1) d.w.). The highest concentration of V related to hepatopancreas (2.106±0.014mg kg (1) d.w.). The alteration process of As and V in the selected tissues order hepatopancreas > gill > muscle. The alteration process is in the selected tissues order gill > hepatopancreas > muscle. Also significant differences (P<0.05) were recorded between the As, Se and V concentrations in all tissues. In this study, concentration of heavy metals in muscle, hepatopancreas and gills tissue in Choebdeh shrimp farms (Abadan) were lower than WHO standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
826 - Comparison of bio-fertilizers and manure on properties of lemon balm herb farm.
Reza Tahmasebi Omran Hormoz Falah Amoli Joseph Niknejad Jaber Mehdiniya Afra2In order to study the effects of organic fertilizers and biological growth characteristics, and quantitative and qualitative performance lemon balm herbs factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications has done in the 139 MoreIn order to study the effects of organic fertilizers and biological growth characteristics, and quantitative and qualitative performance lemon balm herbs factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications has done in the 1393 crop year in Mahmud Abad city in the Mazandaran province .The first factor in the 3 levels of use of sheep manure at 5 and 10 tonnes per hectare and the use, or control, of the second factor at four levels of bacteria Azotobacter and B. respectively from the strains (chrococcum and pobilis), combining bacteria and consumption respectively.The results showed that the use of biological fertilizers and manure to Root length, root Weight, root volume, root dry weight, essential oil, Oil yield and Total dry weight than the control treatment and the most effective combination of sheep manure and bacteria to increase yield were studied. Sheep manure and bacteria interactions revealed that the highest elevation in the treatment of bacteria with an average consumption of 10 tons and the combination of the average 43.66 cm and the lowest average 24 cm in the treatment of non-use of sheep manure and bacteria,respectively.Using a combination of bio-fertilizer and animal treatment, leads to an increase of 55 percent compared to other control, that is total dry weight of the plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
827 - Effect of several complexes of the sand and field soil on the size and weight corm and flowering of saffron (Crocus sativus L) in varamin.
Sara Mohammadi Kelajan Ali Akbar KangarlouThis study was done to evaluate the effect of percent of wind sand (20,40,50,60) combined with farm soil on weight gain of the corms of Crocus sativus as well as its flowering yield in a field located at Gheshlagh village of Moin Abad of Varamin in 2010-2011. The experi MoreThis study was done to evaluate the effect of percent of wind sand (20,40,50,60) combined with farm soil on weight gain of the corms of Crocus sativus as well as its flowering yield in a field located at Gheshlagh village of Moin Abad of Varamin in 2010-2011. The experiment contained five treatments and was performed at a complete randomized block design with four replications. The corms were planted linearly in each row at the depth of 20cm and the distance of 7cm from each side. Irrigation was done in three times of 2010 October 7, 2010 November 6 and 2011 march 28 and the rows provided. Leaf pod and flowers present at each row were counted on a daily basis and the number was recorded daily. Average growth of the corms in each row shows significant difference p <%1. Results showed that treatments containing %40, %50 and %60, wind sand had a significant effect on average growth of the corms of Crocus sativus where treatment containing wind sand of 20% and farm soil of 80% had less effect. Field soil of Varamin showed the least effect on corm growth. Addition of 60% and 50% wind sand is recommended for the fields of Varamin region regarding culture of Crocus sativus. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
828 - اثر تمرین های بادی پامپ بر سطح سرمی آدیپونکتین در زنان چاق غیر فعال
مهدی کسب پرست* شهلا حجت آسیه هورشید -
Open Access Article
829 - بررسی اثر دو نوع فعالیت ورزشی بر کاتابولیسم چربی و کربوهیدرات در مراحل لوتئال و اوایل فولیکولار چرخه قاعدگی زنان فعال و غیر فعال
مهسا محسن زاده فرح نامنی فریبا آقایی -
Open Access Article
830 - ارتبات بین سبک های مدیریتی تبدیلیو تبادلی مدیران با تعهدسارمانی کارکنان واستادان تربیت بدنی دانشگاه های آزاد اسلامی منطقه 13
آمینه صحرانورد گرگری مهدی کهندل زینب روستایی -
Open Access Article
831 - بررسی آراء و دیدگاههای سلوک عرفانی آیت الله شاه آبادی (ره) با تاکید بر فطرت
فیروزه ابراهیمی فرج الله براتی مریم بختیار علی اکبر افراسیاب پور -
Open Access Article
832 - Investigation of Newcastle Disease viruses Antibody in rural Poultries of the Northern Provinces of Iran
abbas alemian seyied ali pourbakhsh Abdul-Hamid Shoushtari hadi keyvanfarRural poultry like commercial poultries are susceptible to most of infectious diseases. In addition, by increasing the density of poultry farming, the probability of disease occurrence has been increased. Among the most important diseases, Newcastle disease has most of MoreRural poultry like commercial poultries are susceptible to most of infectious diseases. In addition, by increasing the density of poultry farming, the probability of disease occurrence has been increased. Among the most important diseases, Newcastle disease has most of importance. Newcastle disease is endemic in Iran, and causes incidence of outbreaks among commercial and rural poultries, every year. The present study is conducted with the objective of figuring out the prevalence status and virus circulation among rural poultries of Northern provinces of Iran. In the study, 70 villages in 3 provinces (20 villages in Mazandaran, 20 villages in Golestan and 30 villages in Gilan Province) and a total of 1374 birds (600 birds in Mazandaran, 400 birds in Golestan, 374 birds in Gilan province) were sampled. A village considered as epidemiological unit. In the study, birds of 67 villages (96%) were found positive ( presence of antibodies against NDV) including Golestan Province, 28 villages (93.3%), Mazandaran Province, 19 villages (95%) and 20 villages of Gilan province (100%) Moreover, out of 1374 birds, 616 (45%) of them were seropositive against NDV. According to the results of this study, the rate of titer is very high in both levels of villages and level of birds. Such high rate of titer is indicative of continuous exposures of rural poultry of the mentioned provinces to Newcastle virus and high virus circulation rate of these viruses in the studied provinces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
833 - Effect of temperature, drought and salinity stresses on germination of ten medicinal plant seeds
Mehrab Yadegari Abdollah GhasemiTo study the effects of salinity, temperature and drought stresses on germination indices in seeds of alyssum, dill, borage, marigold, saint john's wort, lemon balm, purslane, feverfew, thyme, and fenugreek, factorial experiments in laboratory conditions were performed MoreTo study the effects of salinity, temperature and drought stresses on germination indices in seeds of alyssum, dill, borage, marigold, saint john's wort, lemon balm, purslane, feverfew, thyme, and fenugreek, factorial experiments in laboratory conditions were performed in laboratory conditions in completely randomized design with 4 replication. The treatments contained of salinity at 4 NaCl concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 mM), Drought (PEG in 0, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2 bar) and Temperature (10/20, 15/25, 20/30, 25/35 °C night/day). The results showed that the treatments had significant effect on germination indices. By comparisons between species, the greatest seed vigour and germination percentage were made in seeds of purslane, then purslane seeds were the most tolerant to drought and salinity and other hand, the seeds of lemon balm and thyme in most of measured characters had the minimum values. By increasing salinity and drought levels, root dry/fresh weight, stem dry/fresh weight, root/stem length and vigour of seeds were decreased in all species. Germination percentage was increased by higher level of temperature but decreased by upper levels of salinity and drought stresses. The highest seed vigour was made in temperature of 20/30°C night/day and no salinity and drought stress (control) and the least related to the temperature degrees of 10/20°C night/day and concentration of 0.75 mM of NaCl and -1.2 bar of PEG. Then the seed of plants for example purslane can introduce for planting in salinity and drought regions, and seed of plants such as thyme and lemon balm ought not to suggest for sowing in this regions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
834 - Feasibility Study of Agricultural exchange centers (market) in Rural Areas (Case: Soltan Abad District in Khushab Township Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran)
malihe Soltanabadi Hamid Jalalian hassan momen -
Open Access Article
835 - Water-use efficiency and factors influencing of performance greenhouse of Amanabad village based on approach of the slack based model (SBM)
javad shahraki ahmad akbari mehdi jafari -
Open Access Article
836 - Prediction of social exchange based on personality dimensions with the mediating role of narcissism in Tehran students
مجید صفاری نیا samira Mansouri khamenehThe purpose of this research was to predict social exchange based on personality dimensions with the mediating role of narcissism in Tehran students. This research is a type of quantitative research, and in terms of its purpose, it is considered to be an applied researc MoreThe purpose of this research was to predict social exchange based on personality dimensions with the mediating role of narcissism in Tehran students. This research is a type of quantitative research, and in terms of its purpose, it is considered to be an applied research. The research method is descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of this research, the statistical population in this research includes all the students of Tehran city in the academic year of 1400-1401, there were 300,000 people in Tehran city, which was sampled based on the table of Georgesi and Morgan 384 and with the available method. Among the research tools were the 5-factor questionnaires of Neo's personality traits, the social exchange style questionnaire by Liebman et al. (2011) and the narcissistic personality questionnaire by Raskin and Terry (1988). The data obtained was analyzed by SPSS version 26 and AMOS software. The results showed that narcissism has a partial mediating role in the relationship between the personality traits of "excitability, extroversion, openness and agreeableness" with all exchange styles, but the personality trait of "obligation" with the mediation of narcissism does not play a role in explaining any of the exchange styles. As a result, it can be said that narcissism and personality factors play an irreplaceable role in the social exchange of students. Also, the findings of this research show a low relationship between "excitability" and "agreeableness" with narcissism, and the relationship between narcissism and extroversion showed a high number, so it can be said that narcissism of the type of grandiose effect has a stronger relationship with personality traits, and therefore, in this case, it can be more To act as a mediator between personality traits and social exchange. On the other hand, the analysis of the coefficients of the path of narcissism with social exchange styles shows that the exchange style of "utilitarianism" with the path coefficient of -0.416 and the social exchange style of "individualism" with the path coefficient of -0.343 have a stronger correlation coefficient than the rest of the exchange styles. They have social (investment, follow-up, fairness). In summarizing the results, it can be said that narcissistic people are gradually excluded from society, and on the other hand, positive personality and behavioral characteristics strengthen students' social exchange relationships. It is suggested to hold workshops in this regard in order to reduce people's narcissism and strengthen personality traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
837 - Study and Analyzing the Effect of Induced Overvoltage Resulting from Direct Lightning Strike on Wind Turbine with Non-Homogenous Two-Layer Soil and Electrodes with Square Arrangement
Hossein MalekpoorDue to the location of wind turbines and their shape and structure, lightning strike to wind turbines causes serious economic losses and security risks. The design of the ground system of wind turbine is very important for the safety of personnel and protection of elect MoreDue to the location of wind turbines and their shape and structure, lightning strike to wind turbines causes serious economic losses and security risks. The design of the ground system of wind turbine is very important for the safety of personnel and protection of electrical equipment. In this study, the effect of direct lightning strike on wind turbine components with the ground system of a different two-layer soil with square electrodes has been simulated and analyzed. Simple soil has a relative electrical permittivity coefficient of 10 and a conductivity coefficient of 0.1. In two-layer soil, the soil of the first layer has a relative electrical permittivity coefficient of 10 and a conductivity of 0.1. The soil of the second layer has a relative electrical permittivity coefficient of 4 and a conductivity of 0.001. The overall dimensions of the wind turbine include the length of the blades 24 meters, nacelle length 6 meters, its width and height 6 meters, and the wind turbine tower is made of a steel cone with a height of 44 meters. The simulation results in the full wave HFSS software have been analyzed based on the distribution of the fields created on the wind turbine components resulting from the direct impact of lightning and the effect of overvoltage created at different frequencies. Also, the results obtained with a wind turbine including a simple ground system without electrodes have been compared. Based on this, it can be concluded that the arrangement of the electrodes and the ground resistance plays a very important role for the design of the wind turbine farm and its protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
838 - The Effect of Irrigation Regims and Humic Acid Levels on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Saeed Mahdavi Naser Mohammadian Roshan Majid Ashouri Ebrahim Amiri hamidreza doroudianIn order to investigate the effect of irrigation regimes and amounts of humic acid on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of peanuts, an experiment was conducted a split in a randomized complete block design. It was performed with three replications in the MoreIn order to investigate the effect of irrigation regimes and amounts of humic acid on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of peanuts, an experiment was conducted a split in a randomized complete block design. It was performed with three replications in the cropping years of 2018 and 2019 in Astana-Ashrafieh city of Guilan province. Experimental treatments included irrigation regime (rainfed and water requirement of 60, 80 and 100%) as the first factor and humic acid (without fertilizer, 3, 6 and 9 L.ha-1) as the second (secondary) factor. The results showed that the interaction of irrigation and humic acid on biological yield and pod and grain yield was significant. The highest grain yield was obtained in the irrigation treatment of 100 and 80% of water requirement and with the use of humic acid 9 L.ha-1 with an average of 2562 and 2526 kg.ha-1, respectively. Biological yield under 80 and 100% water requirement was 6714 and 6772 kg.ha-1, respectively. The highest biological yield was observed in different amounts of humic acid in treatments of 9 L.ha-1 at the amount of 7436 kg.ha-1. Pod yield in the treatment of 80 and 100% of water requirement were 2427 and 2435 kg.ha-1, respectively. The lowest and highest pod yields in different amounts of humic acid were in the treatments without fertilizer and 9 L.ha-1 with an average of 1453 and 2706 kg.ha-1, respectively. Treatment of 80% of plant water requirement and the amount of humic acid consumed at 9 L.ha-1 with an average of 745.5 kg.ha-1, had the highest rate compared to other treatments. According to the research results, the use of humic acid 9 L.ha-1 can be suggested by providing 80% of water requirement as suitable conditions for the study area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
839 - The effect of Leadership Styles and Intellectual Capital on the Performance of School District 1 Administrators in Tehran City
MAHBUBEH ABDOLLAHI Hossein sadat najafiThe current study was aimed at investigating the effect of Leadership Styles and Intellectual Capital on the Performance of School District 1 Administrators in Tehran City. To reach this, descriptive correlational study was conducted. The population under study was cons MoreThe current study was aimed at investigating the effect of Leadership Styles and Intellectual Capital on the Performance of School District 1 Administrators in Tehran City. To reach this, descriptive correlational study was conducted. The population under study was consisted of all the 200 Administrators in Tehran City. Using simple random sampling, a number of 132 person were selected as the sample population in the study. In order to measure the variables used in the research, three questionnaires were used by Bass and Avolio leadership style (2003), Intellectual Capital Bontis (1999) and performance of the managers of Nabdel (2007). Validity of three questionnaires was confirmed by the experts and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the questionnaires was Intellectual Capital 0.89, transformational leadership 0.92, Transactional leadership 0.87 performance 0.84. For analyzing, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics regression were used. The research findings showed that among the dimensions of the transformational leadership style (idealistic influence and individual consideration) and among the dimensions of the style of Transactional leadership (contingent remuneration, management on the basis of the exception (active), as well as the dimensions of intellectual capital (human capital and Structural capital) can predict the performance of district 1 school principals in Tehran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
840 - A Survey of the relationship between transformational leadership and staff organizational citizenship behavior of personnel’s of The General Directorate of Education of the Mazandaran Province
Abbas Abbaspoor mahmood araeiThis study with aims to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior in 1392-93 with descriptive - correlation method have been conducted. Statistical population of this research have been the staff of The Gene MoreThis study with aims to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior in 1392-93 with descriptive - correlation method have been conducted. Statistical population of this research have been the staff of The General Directorate of Education of the Mazandaran Province that their numbers have 198 employees and number of the research sample have 132 employees according to Morgan table, which was used of proportional stratified sampling method. Data of research with using of two questionnaires transformational Leadership Bass and Avalio’s (2000) and OCB Podsakf et al. (1990) with reliability of %922 and %76 has obtained of the Cronbach's alpha. For analysis of data was used of Spearman correlation coefficients and Multiple Regression. The results of Spearman correlation showed that the between transformational leadership, there is a positive and significant relationship with OCB. In addition, all components of transformational leadership (idealized influence, intellectual encourage, inspirational motivation and individual considerations) are correlated with OCB. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that among the components of transformational leadership inspirational motivation, and individual considerations effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
841 - The Relationship between Leadership Styles and Conflict Management Strategies of High School Principals
Fariba Karimi Lida Sheshpari Abstract The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between leadership styles and conflict management strategies of high school principals. This was a descriptive research and a correlational one. 102 high school principals participat More Abstract The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between leadership styles and conflict management strategies of high school principals. This was a descriptive research and a correlational one. 102 high school principals participated in this study. They were selected out of 141 through simple random sampling. Two questionnaires he purpose of data collection: (a) Bass & Avolio's Leadership Style (2000) and (b) Putnam and Wilson's Conflict Management (1994). Content validity of questionnaires was confirmed by experts and their reliability was calculated through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient accounting as 0.84 and 0.85 respectively. Pearson's Correlation, step by step Regression, and Independent T were used for data analysis. The results of research showed a meaningful correlation coefficient between transformational and transactional leadership styles and solution– oriented strategy, and also between laissez–faire leadership style with control and non–intervention strategy. But no meaningful relationship was observed between transformational and transactional leadership styles and control and non– intervention strategy, and also between laissez–faire leadership style with solution–oriented strategy. The best anticipation for non–intervention is strategy laissez–faire leadership style, solution oriented strategy transformational leadership style and control strategy in first step and laissez–faire leadership style and transactional leadership style in the second step. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
842 - Investigating the Relationship between Effective Factors of Organizational Learning on Employee Organizational Commitment in Khorram Abad National Bank of Iran
Mohammad Reza Haahemi Alireza Eslambolchi Narges JoziThe purpose of this research was to investigate the role of organizational learning in organizational learning components (knowledge sharing, employee competence development, shared vision, participatory leadership, system thinking) on organizational commitment of organ MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the role of organizational learning in organizational learning components (knowledge sharing, employee competence development, shared vision, participatory leadership, system thinking) on organizational commitment of organizational staff. Initial commitment of employees to the organization is largely determined by personal characteristics such as personality, values, education, and the extent to which their expectations of employment are matched with their initial career experience. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data type, quantitative, descriptive correlations and in terms of implementation, fieldwork. The statistical population of this research is all employees of National Bank of Iran, Khorramabad city, which is a total of 160 people. A questionnaire was used for measuring the research. The Pearson correlation test was used to examine the relationship between the two variables. The results of this research indicate that the relationship between the components of empowerment is high and organizational solidarity is among the employees. Among all factors, the correlation coefficient is respectively 69%, systemic thinking, 64% knowledge sharing, participatory leadership 63%, and thinking The system was 49%. In this research, all factors affecting learning organization have a positive and significant relationship with organizational commitment of employees. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
843 - The effect of knowledge management on job performance of managers of higher education institutions in Khorramabad
mojtaba moazzami Mahvash HatamiThe main purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of knowledge management on job performance of managers of higher education institutions in Khorramabad. In this study, an attempt has been made to answer the question to what extent knowledge management affec MoreThe main purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of knowledge management on job performance of managers of higher education institutions in Khorramabad. In this study, an attempt has been made to answer the question to what extent knowledge management affects the job performance of managers of higher education institutions in Khorramabad? The statistical population of this study is all managers of higher education institutions in Khorramabad, which is currently 150 people, of which 108 managers have been selected as a statistical sample using Morgan table sampling method and simple random method. The standard knowledge management questionnaire of Chen et al. (2010) and the standard questionnaire of managers' job performance by Patterson (1970) were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used. To analyze information from descriptive statistical methods, demographic variables of sample members including: gender, education, age and indicators of research variables including: mean, variance, fashion, standard deviation, range of changes, maximum and minimum and inferential Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Friedman test and SPSS 26 software is used to perform econometric operations. The results show that knowledge management (knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge application and knowledge storage) has a positive and significant effect on the job performance of managers of higher education institutions in Khorramabad. The results also showed that the components of knowledge management, knowledge creation and application (application) of knowledge with an average rank of 3.10 had the highest rank compared to other components and are important in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
844 - Mythological criticism of the symbol fairy and wind in Shahnameh and in the novel of Paribad written by Mohammad Ali Olomi
azar daneshgar masoume zarekohanSince mythological criticism is related to many disciplines such as Anthropology, History of civilization Studies, Theology, Jungian Psychology and Archetypal Studies, it is counted as an interdisciplinary approach. A critic in this genre of criticism studies and MoreSince mythological criticism is related to many disciplines such as Anthropology, History of civilization Studies, Theology, Jungian Psychology and Archetypal Studies, it is counted as an interdisciplinary approach. A critic in this genre of criticism studies and analyzes all the archetypal signs present in the text which had influenced the creation of literary works whether consciously or unconsciously. Paying attention to the application of this approach in recognizing the unconscious values of the text and analysis of its symbolic levels it seems that texts containing mythological references are more prone to this genre of criticism. The novel Paribad written by Mohammad Ali Olomi is one such example. This novel is filled with mythological themes whose author consciously or unconsciously was concerned about. The purpose of this article is to study the important myths of this novel such as fairy, and wind and compare them with their counterparts in Shahnameh using analytic approach. The studies made indicates that these concepts were mentioned in Shahnameh regarded as pre-text and the author of the novel tries to reintroduce these myths in his work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
845 - Comparative study of narratives regarding Scythians’ interment rite in Shahnameh with actual burial service performed in Iran using funeral remains found in Khoram Abad cemetery in Meshkin shahr
Reza Rezalou Yahya Ayremlou قاسم مهرآور گیگلوComparative study of narratives regarding Scythians’ interment rite in Shahnameh with actual burial service performed in Iran using funeral remains found in Khoram Abad cemetery in Meshkin shahr *Ghasem Mehravar Gigloo PhD­ Student, Persian Literature, Mohaghe MoreComparative study of narratives regarding Scythians’ interment rite in Shahnameh with actual burial service performed in Iran using funeral remains found in Khoram Abad cemetery in Meshkin shahr *Ghasem Mehravar Gigloo PhD­ Student, Persian Literature, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran **Reza Rezaloo Associate Professor, Archeology Department, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Iran ***Yahya Ayramloo PhD Graduate, Archeology, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Iran Date of reception: 95/11/16 Date of acceptance: 98/9/20 Abstract Shahnameh Ferdowsi is considered as one of the most invaluable sources regarding the customs, traditions, and rituals of different ancient societies living in our land. One of these rituals one comes across in Shahnameh is a ritual surrounding the death of kings and great heroes, and since some of these figures belonged to Scythian race it is the purpose of this article to compare their manner of burial with the actual interment rite performed in Iran using rare example of burial remains uncovered by archeologists in the recent excavation as evidence. According to the researches done it has been established that the burial ceremony carried out by Scythian people in Khoram Abad cemetery in Meshkin shahr to a large extent corresponds with Ferdowsi’s composition regarding burial rituals conducted for Scythian heroes. Ferdowsi’s description of how glorious tombs were erected for Scythian heroes could well represent what is found in imperial coffins in Khoram Abad cemetery in Ardabil. In both cases the existence of horse near the corpses were greatly emphasized. * . mehravar_g@yahoo.com ** . reza_rezaloo@yahoo.com *** . yahya_ayramloo@yahoo.com Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
846 - The impact of Tohfat al-Morshedin Men Hekayat al-Salehin on Nafahat al-Ons Men Hazarat al-Qods
Mehdi Tadayon Maryam ParhiskariThe most important Persian mystical book in the 9th century Hijri is Nafahat al-Ons Men Hazarat al-Qods written by Abdol al-Rahman Jami. Since the specialists at the time were not aware of the existence of the unpublished Persian manuscript, Tohfat al-Morshedin Me MoreThe most important Persian mystical book in the 9th century Hijri is Nafahat al-Ons Men Hazarat al-Qods written by Abdol al-Rahman Jami. Since the specialists at the time were not aware of the existence of the unpublished Persian manuscript, Tohfat al-Morshedin Men Hekayat al-Salehin or due to the inconsistencies that existed in the content of this copy with that of Nafahat al-Ons, they have not acknowledged the significant part this manuscript played in Nafahat al-Ons and instead they have given its share to Rozat al-Riyahin Fi Hekayat al-Salehin. Tohfat al-Morshedin written by Jalal al-Din Mohammad Ebadi Kazerooni is in fact the translation of the well-known Arabic mystical book Rozat al-Riyahin Fi Hekayat al-Salehin written by the distinguished Sufi in the 8th century Hijri, namely Abdollah al-Yafee al-Yamani and the two Persian manuscript copies of this work, one found in Lahoor in 818 Hijri and the other found in the city of Ayasufieh in 838 Hijri are at present at the disposal of the writers of this article. This article attempts to provide evidence by comparative approach. Evidence such as Jami’s reference to Tohfat al-Morshedin in the manuscripts of Nafahat al-Ons, identical selection of some anecdotes both in Nafahat al-Ons and Tohfat al-Morshedin, Jami and Ebadi, both have taken common pieces from the text of Rozat al-Riahin, Jami’s interest to use Persian sources and how he could find access to Tohfat al-Morshedin, is cited to acknowledge the significance of this work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
847 - Genealogy of Vayu
Shervin VakiliThe present article deals with the description and the etymology of Vay (Vayu), one of the antique gods of ancient Persia and the Indo-Iranian era. Having presented certain evidence regarding the image of this god in different Persian and Indian texts such as Veda MoreThe present article deals with the description and the etymology of Vay (Vayu), one of the antique gods of ancient Persia and the Indo-Iranian era. Having presented certain evidence regarding the image of this god in different Persian and Indian texts such as Vedas and Gathas, this article aims at discussing its connection with certain other gods. The commemoration of the wind god, Vayu in the mythologies of the Sumerian, Akkadian, Kaldani, and the Aramaic (Persian, Arami) people is the subject matter of another part of this article. Finally, the role of the wind god in the texts and the interpretations of the Islamic era is traced by the writer of this article, thus the last part is concerned with the development of this ancient god in the periods after Islam. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
848 - Similarity of Gnostics and Manichaean mythology with Najmoddin Razi’s Mirsad al-Ibad
Siamak NaderiMirsa al-Ibad is a mystical work and is regarded as one of the major prose works in the Persian Literature and its like is almost rare among Sufi works. According to Razi during the first and second writing of this work he has been wondering for thirty years in As MoreMirsa al-Ibad is a mystical work and is regarded as one of the major prose works in the Persian Literature and its like is almost rare among Sufi works. According to Razi during the first and second writing of this work he has been wondering for thirty years in Asia Minor, Egypt, and Rome where according to historians and scholars were the cradle of Gnostic and Manichaean thoughts and mythology therefore it is not surprising that Razi was acquainted with their mythology in this environment as he repeatedly refers to his acquaintance with the following sects such as Isma’ilis, Ebahieh, Molahedeh, and Tanasokhieh. Therefore, according to the evidence found in Mirsa al-Ibad this article is concerned with pointing out similarity in frameworks of some stories of Mirsad al-Ibad with Gnostic and Manichaean mythology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
849 - Love rode in on two steeds
Hassan AnvariThis article provides a brief introduction to the story of creation of man. God commands the angels to bring some dust from the earth and that among them only the angle of death succeeds to grant God’s command by deceiving the earth. This story i MoreThis article provides a brief introduction to the story of creation of man. God commands the angels to bring some dust from the earth and that among them only the angle of death succeeds to grant God’s command by deceiving the earth. This story is included in the fifth book of Masnavi and Najm Razi’s Mersad-al-ebad for two entirely different purposes. Mowlana first speaks of the issue of good and evil and concludes that the earth’s refusal of the God’s command was for the reason not to be involved with the issue of good and evil whereas Najm Razi believes the reason to be the fear of close proximity to God stating that I have chosen the ultimate distance in order to be safe from the fear of closeness. In this narrative, interesting subtle points from both Mowlana and Najm Razi on subjects such as virtues of heart and soul, and characteristic features of angles are presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
850 - Analysis of the element” incident “in Dolatabadi’s novel “The empty place of Soluch”
Tahereh Khoshhal Dastjerdi Milad ShameiEvent or Incident is one of the structural elements of the novel that together with other elements such as tension, conflict, anticipation, rising action, climax, and resolution constitute the main body of the plot in the story. In the book “Terminology of t MoreEvent or Incident is one of the structural elements of the novel that together with other elements such as tension, conflict, anticipation, rising action, climax, and resolution constitute the main body of the plot in the story. In the book “Terminology of the art of story writing”, incident is defined as follows: “Incident is born when at least two things or forces clash. It is a plot component and it drives the plot forward in order to reveal different aspects of the character”. (Mirsadeghi, 1377, p81.) The purpose of this article is to analyze and investigate the depth and quality of the incidents in this novel and also to illustrate the relationship of the events with other components of the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
851 - The role of "Kimiya-yi Sa'adat in Peoples' morality, way of life, conduct, and their salvation
Mehdi MahooziKimiya-yi Sa'adat (The Alchemy of Happiness) is a persian version of Ihya'ul ulumuddin in arabic, an outstanding work translated and summerized by Abu Hamed Imam Mohammad Ghazali. This book is divided into four major sections, each containing ten chapters: I MoreKimiya-yi Sa'adat (The Alchemy of Happiness) is a persian version of Ihya'ul ulumuddin in arabic, an outstanding work translated and summerized by Abu Hamed Imam Mohammad Ghazali. This book is divided into four major sections, each containing ten chapters: Ibadat (Acts of worship), Moamelat (Transactions), Muhlikat (The ways to perdition), and Munjiyat (The ways to salvation). Ghazali wrote this work with a prose style comprehensible to all in order to teach people from all walks of life way of living, social conduct, and to save them from vices and show them the path towards happiness and salvation in life and afterlife. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
852 - The reaction of balm mint ( dracocephalum moldavica ) to the salinity levels from sodium chloride in germination and plantlet stage
Alireza Pirzad رضا درویش زاده رئوف سیدشریفی محمد صدقیTo study the germination and plantlet growth in heterotrophic stage of balm mint, an experiment was carried out in complete random plots in four replications 0, 4, 12, 16 and 20 DC Siemens on sodium chloride. In this study the impact of sodium chloride on the percentage MoreTo study the germination and plantlet growth in heterotrophic stage of balm mint, an experiment was carried out in complete random plots in four replications 0, 4, 12, 16 and 20 DC Siemens on sodium chloride. In this study the impact of sodium chloride on the percentage and speed of germination , and the percentage of the reduction of germination in balm mint was not meaningful, but it was significant for the index of germination, time to %50 germination, the length of stalk and rootlet to the length of the stalk and rootlet and the dry and wet weight of plantlet. The highest ( 122 hours ) time of germination, 50 percent of the seeds related to the salinity of 4 and 20 DC Siemens to meter respectively. The longest stalklet (3.91cm ) and rootlet ( 1.97cm ) were obtained from control treatment and the lowest stalklet length ( 1.11cm ) and rootlet (0.46cm ) of 20 DC Siemens to meter. This difference in the process of length changes, led to the maximum and minimum ratio of stalklet length to rootlet respectively in the salinity of 4 and 16 DC Siemens to meter. The highest wet weight ( 95.7 mg ) and dry ( 7.68 mg ) of the plantlet were obtained from salinity of 4 and lowest wet weight ( 64.5 mg ) and dry ( 5.73 mg ) of the plantlet were 20 DC Siemens to meter. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
853 - Effect of biostimulants on some characteristics of almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) cv. Mamaei
Farshad Sadeghi Ghotbabadi Ramin Babadaei Samani Masoud Zadehbagheri Today, use of biological products such as biostimulants were taken into consideration by the agricultural researchers. These products are in consistent with environment and contain nutrients required by the plants and free amino acids. These substances can More Today, use of biological products such as biostimulants were taken into consideration by the agricultural researchers. These products are in consistent with environment and contain nutrients required by the plants and free amino acids. These substances can be effective on recovering of damaged tissues, controlling leaf stomata, preparation of organic materials needed at the flowering by the plant, increase the quality and quantity of yield and accelerate leaf formation and development. This experiment was conducted to determine effects of different concentrations and various application methods of four commercial biostimulants (Fosnutren®, Kadostim®, AminolForte®, HumiForte®) on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of almond cv. Mamaei. The experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete block design (CRBD) with three replications. Variables such as contents of proline, soluble sugar, yield of fruits, percentage of shelling, percentage of the initial and final fruit sets and fruit drops were measured. Results showed that the use of biostimulant compounds increased leaf area, internal proline content, final fruit formation, decreased fruit drop and incraesed yield of the almond. Application of biostimulants did not significantly affect the initial fruit sets, percentage of shelled kernel and soluble sugar. Aapplication of biostimulants also significantly affected leaf chlorophyll content. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
854 - The effect of different copper sulfate (CuSO4) concentrations on some physiological parameters of (Melissa officinalis L.)
salehe naderi حمیده خواجه حسن احمدیMelissa (Melissa offcinalis L.), a member of a Lamiaceae family, is a medical plant. The main most important pharmacological properties can be soothin, strengthening nerve, carminative and memory booster. The presence of heavy metals is one of important environmental st MoreMelissa (Melissa offcinalis L.), a member of a Lamiaceae family, is a medical plant. The main most important pharmacological properties can be soothin, strengthening nerve, carminative and memory booster. The presence of heavy metals is one of important environmental stresses that can reduce growth and production of types of reactive oxygen. In the present study, the effect of copper sulfate (CuSO4) on some physiological parameters of melissa was examined. So melissa was treated with different concentrations of copper sulfate (0, 10, 20, 30 mM) in 6-leaf stage. Then melissa was harvested after two weeks in order to examine malondialdehyde, gayacol peroxidase, peroxidase and poly phenol oxidase antioxidative enzymes activity. The results showed that when copper sulfate increased in comparison with control, the activity of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant enzymes increased significantly. Totally, all used copper sulfate concentrations caused toxicity in melissa and it showed that the plant is sensitive to huge amount of copper. This study investigated the effect of copper sulfate on malondialdehyde, gayacol peroxidase, peroxidase and poly phenol oxidase antioxidative enzymes activity in melissa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
855 - The Impact of Supply Chain Information Exchange and Quality Management Practices on Market Share Performance (Case Study: Small and Medium Manufacturing Companies)
Seyed Hassan Zabeti asl Ebrahim Ali Razini Hassan Solimani Hamidreza Saadat AmiriSmall and medium enterprises make up more than 75% of urban job opportunities and more than 50% of national financial income. Considering the importance of information exchange as the main mechanism of supply chain coordination for senior managers of small and medium en MoreSmall and medium enterprises make up more than 75% of urban job opportunities and more than 50% of national financial income. Considering the importance of information exchange as the main mechanism of supply chain coordination for senior managers of small and medium enterprises in Iran, research The present study of 61 small and medium-sized domestic manufacturing companies seeks to examine the relationship between supply chain information exchange and market share by considering indicators such as quality management practices and supplier-specific investment. The purpose is practical and descriptive-survey in terms of how to collect data. The statistical population consists of CEOs, production managers, supervisors and department managers of manufacturing companies. For this purpose, managers and supervisors who were familiar with the supply and quality management chain with more than 5 years of experience were selected. Data collection tool from It was a questionnaire that was done by library and field methods. The evaluation of the model was done in two levels of measurement model and structural model using smartPLS software. The results indicate that the supply chain information exchange has a significant positive effect on quality management practices and supplier-specific investment. The results also show that supplier-specific investment has more impact on supply chain information exchange than quality management practices. Finally, the impact of market share performance on quality management practices is greater than the specific investment of the supplier. Manuscript profile
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