Identification of resistant eggplant cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, the causal agent of fusarium wilt using molecular markers in Iran

Subject Areas : Mycology

Negin Safikhani ¹ , Bahar Morid ² , Hamid reza Zamanizadeh ³ , Shahab Hajmansoor ⁴

1 - M.Sc., Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
3 - Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran
4 - M.Sc., Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2018-05-02 Accepted : 2018-06-13 Published : 2019-02-20

Keywords: Resistance gene, Fusarium wilt, Molecular markers, Eggplant,

Abstract :

Background & Objectives: Eggplant fusarium wiltis an important factor of yield reduction throughout the world. The ability of this pathogen to survive for several consecutive years within the soil, even in the absence of the host, has made it difficult to control. Producing and using the resistant cultivar is the most effective and suitable method to control this disease. This study was aimed to identify fusarium wilt resistant eggplant cultivars.   Materials & Methods: First, leaf samples of domestic and hybrid eggplant cultivars were gathered from 28 provinces in Iran and then DNA extraction from young leaves of the cultivars was carried out using CTAB method. Four markers including CAPS, RAPD, SRAP, and SCAR were used to determine the resistant cultivars. In order to confirm the results, resistance and sensitivity of the genotypes were assessed in greenhouse conditions, as well.   Results: Out of 20 genotypes of this study, 13  showed index resistance band using CAPS, RAPD, and SRAP of molecular markers. On the other hand, the SCAR marker could not separate the resistant cultivars from the sensitive ones. Phenotype assessment of native and hybrids resistant cultivars in greenhouse condition confirmed the results of the molecular analysis.   Conclusion: In general, the use of resistant cultivars obtained in this study using molecular markers is recommended for planting in areas with fusarium wilt disease.

References:

1. Matuo T, Ishigami K. On the wilt of Solanum melongena L. and its causal fungus Fusarium
   oxysporum f. sp melongenae. Ann Phytopathol Soc Japan. 1958; 23: 189-192.
   2. Safikhani N, Morid B, Zamanizadeh HR. First report of Fusarium wilt of eggplant caused by
   Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae in Iran. New Dis Rep. 2013; 28: 16.
   3. Anonymous. FAOSTAT. Preliminary 2009, Production data. Statistical data.
   Available at: http://www.faostat.fao.org (verified December 25, 2011).
   4. Anonymous. 2013. Statistical annual report of Iranian agricultural crops.
   5. Morid B, Hajmansoor S. Assessment of tomato genotypes resistance to Verticillium and
   Fusarium wilt diseases using molecular makers. J Microb World. 2017; 10: 81-93. [In Persian]
   6. Tanksley SD, Ganal MW, Prince JP, De Vicente MC, Bonierbale MW, Broun P, Fulton TM,
   Giovannoni JJ, Martin S, Messeguer GB, Miller RJC, Paterson AH, Pineda O, Ro MS, Wing
   RA, Wu W, Young ND. High density molecular Linkage maps of the tomato and potato
   genomes. Genetics. 1992; 132: 1141-1160.
   7. Hulbert SH, Webb CA, Smith SM, Sun Q. Resistance gene complexes: evolution and
   utilization. Ann Rev Phytopathol. 2001; 39: 285-312.
   8. Hamelin R, Ouellette GB, Bernier L. Identification of Gremmeniel abietina races with random
   amplified polymorphic DNA markers Appl. Environ Microbiol. 1993; 59(6): 1752-1755.
   9. Zhang AW, Hartman GL, Curio Penny B, Pedersen WL, Becker KB. Molecular detection of
   Diaporthe phaseolorum and Phomopsis longicolla from soybean seeds. Phytopathol. 1999; 89
   (9): 796-804.
   10. Toppino L, Vale G, Alberti P, Mennella G, Acciarri N, Rotino GL. Introgression of resistance
   to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae into cultivated eggplant and characterization of linked
   molecular markers for development of a markers assisted selection system. Proceedings of the
   XIIIth EUCARPIA Meeting, Warsaw, Poland. 2007; 157-166.
   11. Mutlu N, Boyac FH, Gocmen M, Abak K. Development of SRAP, SRAP-RGA, RAPD, and
   SCAR markerslinked with a Fusarium wilt resistance gene in eggplant. Theor Appl Genet. 2008;
   117(8): 1303-1312.
   12. Toppino L, Giampiero V, Rotino GL. Inheritance of Fusarium wilt resistance introgressed
   from Solanum aethiopicum Gilo and Aculeatum groups into cultivated eggplant (S. melongena)
   and development of associated PCR-based markers Mol Breed. 2008; 22(2): 237-250.
   13. Nelson PE, Toussoun TA, Marasas WFO. Fusarium Species: An illustrated manual for
   identification. Pennsylvania, USA: Penn State University Press. 1983.
   14. Abdullaheva K, Shifman IA. Resistance of eggplant to fusarium wilt. Selektsiya i
   Semenovodstvo. 1988; 1: 29-31.
   15. Ausubel FM, Brent R, Kingston RE, Moore DD, Seidman JG, Smith JA, Struhl K. Current
   protocols in molecular biology. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, USA. 1994.
   16. Davis L, Kuehle M, Battey J. Basic methods in molecular biology. 2nd ed. 1994; pp. 777.
   
   17. Morid B, Hajmansoor S. Screening of resistance genes to Fusarium Crown rot disease in
   Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars using RAPD markers. J Microb World. 2011; 3
   (4): 251-259. [In Persian]
   18. Gerlach W, Nirenberg H. The genus Fusarium-A pictorial atlas. Mitteilungen aus der
   Biologischen Bundesanstalt Für Land-und Forstwirtschaft (Berlin-Dahlem). 1982; 209: 1-405.
   19. Koji M, Takeo S, Satomi N, Hirotaka Y, Tsukasa N, Akio O, Hiroyuki F. Detailed mapping
   of a resistance locus against Fusarium wilt in cultivated eggplant (Solanum melongena). Theor
   Appl Genet. 2016; 129: 357-367.
   20. Zhang HY, Liu X, He Z. Random amplified DNA polymorphism of Nicotiana tabacum L.
   cultivars. Biol Plant, 2005; 49: 605-607.
   21. Phoebe KM, Abang MM, Isabel NW, Schroers HJ. Response of African eggplants to
   Fusarium spp. and identification of sources of resistance. Afr J Biotechnol. 2016; 15(11):
   392-400.
   22. Altinok HH. Can C, Boyaci HF, Topcu V. Genetic variability among breeding lines and
   cultivars of eggplant against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae from Turkey.
   Phytoparasitica. 2014; 42: 75-84.
   23. Altinok HH, Can C, Colak H. Pathogenicity and Virulence Diversity of Fusarium
   oxysporum f. sp. melongenae Recovered from Eggplant. J Phytopathol. 2013; 161: 651-660.
   24. Altinok HH, Can C. Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae isolates
   from eggplant in Turkey by pathogenicity, VCG and RAPD analysis. Phytoparasitica. 2010;
   38: 149-157.
   25. Baysal Ö, Siragusa M, Gumrukcu E, Zengin S, Carimi F, Sajeva M, Silva JA. Molecular
   characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae by ISSR and RAPD markers on
   eggplant. Biochem Genet. 2010; 48: 524-537.
   26. Maheswaran M. Molecular markers: History, features and applications. Adv Biotechnol.
   2004; 1: 17-24.