The Wine of Pride and the Wine of Being in Hafez's Court

Subject Areas : Persian Language & Literature

Mohamad  Eshaghi ¹ (Department of Persian Language and Literature, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.)

Received: 2022-08-17 Accepted : 2023-04-08 Published : 2023-04-21

Keywords: irony, Hafez, Mystical, types of wine: grape, pride and presence,

Abstract :

The high frequency of the word "wine" and its derivatives in Hafez's divan (more than 1300 times), in addition to being a proof of its importance in his thought and poetry, it has various interpretations and is also divided into different types, which, in addition to grape and mystical wines, are ironic wine. It should be said that this name was given to it for the first time by Bahauddin Khorramshahi, and of course, they were satisfied with mentioning a few general and brief examples; However, considering the breadth of the topic, the diversity, the remoteness of the interpretations of this type of wine and the importance of its use in Hafez's poetry, it requires a more detailed and complete research; Especially, its type has not been specified in the court and needs to be verified by the audience. The purpose of this research is to define exactly the irony in Divan Hafez, to identify which irons are a subset of this type and how to recognize them. The method of gathering information is a library, and the findings of this research show that there are other types of wine in Divan Hafez that are not known and identified; Like the "illusory wine" that Hafez himself named after it; Also, two types of wine called "Pride wine" and "presence wine" will be introduced and explained, with the mention that so far these two types of wine have not been recognized and identified in Divan Hafez.

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