Microscopic study of flower bud formation and development in almond

Subject Areas : Developmental biology of plants and animals , development and differentiation in microorganisms

Ali Imani ¹ , Samira Mofakhami Mehrabadi ²

1 - Temperate Fruit Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 - Department of Horticulture,Training and Education Organization of Tehran Province, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2016-05-30 Accepted : 2016-08-10 Published : 2016-08-22

Keywords: flower bud, flower differentiation, flower initiation, Prunus amygdalus,

Abstract :

initiation and floral development stages in of early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars was investigated. Before flower initiation of almond trees, bud samples were taken every 10 days from May 31, 2007 up to anthisis in the next year. Sample collection ended when more than 50% of the dissected buds had pistils initiated. Bud samples were stored in solution FAA. For a detailed study the structure of meristem, tissues and reproductive and vegetative organs of the buds using histological procedure from buds fixed in FAA by microtome cuttings as thick slices 6µ. Results showed that flower induction (flatting of doming meristem) were done in 8, 18 and 31 August of 2007 in middle blooming cultivar (A93), early blooming cultivar (H-2) and late blooming cultivar (Ferragnes) respectively. Sepals primordia were stimulated in A93, H-2 and Ferragnes cultivars in 24 and 31 August and in 13 September, respectively. Petals primordial induction in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes cultivars were occurred in 13, 15 and 17 September of 2007, respectively. Stamens primordia induction in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes were evident in that order 1, 10 and 20 October of 2007. The pistil primordium in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes were evident 10, 21 and 31 October of 2007, respectively. Anthesis was observed in H -2, A93 and Ferragnes in 7 and 21 March and in 5 April 2008, respectively. In general, it was found that process floral formation stages in early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars particular the timing of flower induction between cultivars was not similar. 

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