Developmental Biology: 2 (3)

Open Access Article

1 - Effect of vitamin C on apoptosis via measurement of caspase (1) gene expression in heart and lung of broiler chickens with pulmonary hypertension syndrome
hamed zarei Azade Rashti

Pulmonary hypertension syndrome with high pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation is a problem of broilers. On the other hand it is proved that apoptosis in heart failure and pulmonary hypertension increases. In this study, for the first More

Pulmonary hypertension syndrome with high pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation is a problem of broilers. On the other hand it is proved that apoptosis in heart failure and pulmonary hypertension increases. In this study, for the first the effect of vitamin c on apoptosis by measuring the expression of caspase (1) in the heart and lungs of broilers with pulmonary hypertension syndrome was evaluated. T3 as a thyroid hormone was added to the ration after week 1 of rearing. Pulmonary hypertension was induced at 49 days based on RV/TV ratio index. After PCR for caspase1 and b-actin (Housekeeping) genes the density of each band were measured and were recorded as the ratio caspase1 / β-actin and this ratio were compared at different ages in witness groups (the right ventricle and lung). The amount of mRNA of the caspase 1 gene in the right ventricle at 21 and 49 days and in lung tissue at 49 days significantly reduced in the treatment group compared to the control group(p<0.05), this significant difference represents the reduction of apoptosis in the group who by receiving the hormone T3 were infected to pulmonary hypertension, and yet have been treated with vitamin C. Also, according to the results, the RV/ TV ratio improved in the treatment group. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Developmental study of chemical composition of Centella asiatica (L) Urban as a medicinal plant
علی مازوجی فهیمه سلیم پور لیلا شفیعی دستجردی

Centella asiatica from Apiaceae family has 40 species in all over the world. It has Creeping herb, rooting at the nodes. Stems shallowly grooved, sometimes purplish. Leaves solitary or in groups of 2-5, kidney-shaped to almost circular, distinctly and broadly cordate at More

Centella asiatica from Apiaceae family has 40 species in all over the world. It has Creeping herb, rooting at the nodes. Stems shallowly grooved, sometimes purplish. Leaves solitary or in groups of 2-5, kidney-shaped to almost circular, distinctly and broadly cordate at the base, up to 7 cm wide, hairless or with hairs on the petiole; margin crenate. Flowers in 2-8-flowered umbels, greenish-white to dark crimson. Fruit c. 3.5 × 3 mm, laterally flattened, round or ellipsoid, ribbed, brown when ripe.This species has medicinal properties for example, wound healing, Antioxidant, memory enhancement, Anti diabetic and so on. C. asiatica is distributed in Guilan province and plant materials are collected from three different stages of growth and development including beginning of growth, flowering and fruiting phase, and end of growth phase. The results are shown that essential oil yield was 0/16% (V/M) and 54 volatile compounds comprising 92.78% of total oil constituents were identified from C. asiatica. Sesquiterpenoids were the major class of volatile chemical (45/33%), with Germaerene-D as the predominant compound. (45.43%). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Study of association between UBE2B variants with susceptibility to Idiopatic infertility in North Iranian male population
elham siasi Mohamad sadegh safai

 Infertility is a major clinical problem that involved about 10 to 15 percent of couples worldwide. Male infertility include 40 to 50 percent of all infertility cases and 37-58% of male infertility are unknown, as idiopathic male infertility. This disease is caused More

 Infertility is a major clinical problem that involved about 10 to 15 percent of couples worldwide. Male infertility include 40 to 50 percent of all infertility cases and 37-58% of male infertility are unknown, as idiopathic male infertility. This disease is caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. UBE2B gene and its variations is one of the genetic factors in idiopathic male infertility. In this research was studied relation of T293G and A20016G polymorphism in UBE2B genes with the possibility of male infertility in Northern Iranian population. For this study, samples from 60 fertile men and 60 infertile men were selected. Then DNA was extracted from samples. Genotype and allele frequencies of the variants were determined by PCR- RFLP.  Statistical analysis in this study showed no significant association between patient and control groups for T293G (P = 0.66) and A20016G (P = 0.52) SNPs, in UBE2B gene. The results were indicated that two SNPs was not associated with idiopathic male infertility in Northern Iranian male population. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The effect of cinnamon extract on sex hormones in adult female rats treated lead acetate
Vahid Hemayatkhah Jahromi

 Lead, a toxic heavy metal that has numerous effects on biological systems, living organisms, including humans and various risks are created such as infertility.This study is to investigate the effect of cinnamon on sex hormone changes in adult rats treated lead ac More

 Lead, a toxic heavy metal that has numerous effects on biological systems, living organisms, including humans and various risks are created such as infertility.This study is to investigate the effect of cinnamon on sex hormone changes in adult rats treated lead acetate.. Animals used 42 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups, including control group that received no drug , the Sham group 1 (solvent), Sham group 2 (0.6 g daily lead acetate), Sham group 3 (1.5mg/kg of cinnamon extract daily), experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 per day in addition to 0.6g of lead acetate, respectively 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg cinnamon extract for 14 days. At the end of the study, blood samples were taken and the concentration of the hormones estrogen and progesterone were measured by ELISA.. The results showed concentration of estrogen and progesterone hormones in the Sham group 2 has significantly decreased and in the Sham group 3 has significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.05). The results showed that cinnamon extract in a dose dependent manner and with antioxidant properties reduce the effects of lead poisoning on sex hormones.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Phenetic study of Trifolium species using pollen grain characters
فهیمه سلیم پور Golale Mostafavi شادی حاج رسولیها فریبا شریف نیا

Iran is one of centers of diversity for Trifolium species in Asia with 49 species in 6 sections . There are high similarities between species specially in calyx tube, so taxonomic identification are difficult. In this research, major pollen grain characters were studied More

Iran is one of centers of diversity for Trifolium species in Asia with 49 species in 6 sections . There are high similarities between species specially in calyx tube, so taxonomic identification are difficult. In this research, major pollen grain characters were studied in 34 species of this genus by used Scaning Electron Microscopy (S.E.M). The results showed that, pollen grains are trizoncolporate, the equatorial view was oblong to circular shapes and sculpture of exine were reticulate, irregular reticulate, perforate, scrobiculate and foveolate. T. tomentosum and T. bullatum was distinguished with their sculptures, also in T. campestre exine surface was reticulate but in T. aureum was regulate. In the other hand, T. pilulare has the most different sculpture between other species. Based on cluster analysis, two main groups were detected. One cluster is containing both species of Vesicaria and Trifolium sections and another clade divided into three subclades, but the species of all sections are complex .Our results showed that Trifolium is the heterogenous with variation in morphology and pollen grain. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The effects of silicate and silicon nanoparticles on seed germination and growth parameters of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Sanam Nazaralian Ahmad Majd Saeed Irian Farrokh Ghahremaninejad Farzaneh Najafi Maria Greger

The addition of silica increase plant biomass growth. The aim of this study was to find out if silicate and nano silica (SiNP) influence the growth processes in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) similarly. Plants were grown from seed with 0-2.5 mM of sodium silic More

The addition of silica increase plant biomass growth. The aim of this study was to find out if silicate and nano silica (SiNP) influence the growth processes in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) similarly. Plants were grown from seed with 0-2.5 mM of sodium silicate and SiNP in hydroculture for up to 30 days. Germination, seedlings development and other growth parameters in fenugreek plantsas well as Si uptake was examined. The results showed that Si concentration in root and shoot increased with Si addition. Seed germination and vitality index increased with Si at day 4 after seeding, but the effect was then levelled out. Seedlings length and fresh weight (FW), whole plant length and leaf area increased while dry weight (DW) and DW: FW ratio of shoot and radicle length decreased with silicate and SiNP treatment. The root central cylinder increased in diameter in young roots and the lignified tissue of the endodermis cells increased in thickness. The effects by silicate and SiNP was similar but the increase in whole plant length and cell wall thickness and the decrease in DW: FW ratio of shoot and radicle length was slightly more pronounced with SiNP than with silicate.In conclusion, both silicate and SiNP in general have similar effects on plant growth and therefore SiNP can be used instead of silicate. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Microscopic study of flower bud formation and development in almond
Ali Imani Samira Mofakhami Mehrabadi

initiation and floral development stages in of early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars was investigated. Before flower initiation of almond trees, bud samples were taken every 10 days from May 31, 2007 up to anthisis in the next year. Sample collection ended wh More

initiation and floral development stages in of early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars was investigated. Before flower initiation of almond trees, bud samples were taken every 10 days from May 31, 2007 up to anthisis in the next year. Sample collection ended when more than 50% of the dissected buds had pistils initiated. Bud samples were stored in solution FAA. For a detailed study the structure of meristem, tissues and reproductive and vegetative organs of the buds using histological procedure from buds fixed in FAA by microtome cuttings as thick slices 6µ. Results showed that flower induction (flatting of doming meristem) were done in 8, 18 and 31 August of 2007 in middle blooming cultivar (A93), early blooming cultivar (H-2) and late blooming cultivar (Ferragnes) respectively. Sepals primordia were stimulated in A93, H-2 and Ferragnes cultivars in 24 and 31 August and in 13 September, respectively. Petals primordial induction in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes cultivars were occurred in 13, 15 and 17 September of 2007, respectively. Stamens primordia induction in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes were evident in that order 1, 10 and 20 October of 2007. The pistil primordium in H-2, A93 and Ferragnes were evident 10, 21 and 31 October of 2007, respectively. Anthesis was observed in H -2, A93 and Ferragnes in 7 and 21 March and in 5 April 2008, respectively. In general, it was found that process floral formation stages in early, middle and late blooming almond cultivars particular the timing of flower induction between cultivars was not similar.  Manuscript profile

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