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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation and evaluation of the child-friendly city in ten areas of Tabriz metropolis
Hadi Jalilvand Ali AzarUrban spaces play a unique role in meeting the social and personal needs of city children. These spaces occupy a major part of the time and environment of the daily life of residents, including children, and from the viewpoint of consensus and behavioral science, improv MoreUrban spaces play a unique role in meeting the social and personal needs of city children. These spaces occupy a major part of the time and environment of the daily life of residents, including children, and from the viewpoint of consensus and behavioral science, improving the quality of these spaces can be effective in the health and growth of physical strength, strengthening social interactions and fostering creativity in children. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the indicators of a child-friendly city in ten areas of Tabriz metropolis. The research method is descriptive-analytical based on library and documentary studies, field investigations and interviews, and data analysis was done with spss software. The results of the evaluation show that in relation to the status of the six indicators of the child-friendly city in the ten regions of Tabriz, the physical-environmental index(2.62), independent and free transportation and mobility (2.42), access to various services and activities (3.05), historical, cultural and religious (2.40) and effective participation by expressing oneself and expressing opinion (2.24) according to the theoretical mean (3) of the criteria and indicators of the child-friendly city in the ten regions of Tabriz are slightly lower than It is average. Also, the ranking results of the indicators based on the entropy model show that the components of visible and safe space, air pollution, asphalt quality, strengthening of cultural heritage, safety of sidewalks, valuing children, national-local celebrations, transportation of the disabled, cycling path and expression Opinions are more important than the rest of the components, and finally, by comparing the ten regions of Tabriz, it was found that there is no significant difference between different regions in the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The legal status of children out of wedlock in Iranian law and Imami jurisprudence
esmat savadi mahboub ghorbaniChildren born out of the marital relationship , are those who are considered legitimate or illegitimate children as per the regulations and/or in case of absence of the provisions of law, according to the decree of the religious authorities. In case the children are dee MoreChildren born out of the marital relationship , are those who are considered legitimate or illegitimate children as per the regulations and/or in case of absence of the provisions of law, according to the decree of the religious authorities. In case the children are deemed legitimate, like the children born after mistaken intercourse, they shall enjoy the rights appertaining to the legal and legitimate children. But in case they are deemed illegitimate children, like those who are born through adultery, their lineage shall be considered unlawful and illegitimate according to the legal view. Following the Emamieh jurisprudence, as mentioned in article 1167 of the Civil Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran, a child born through adultery shall not belong to the adulterer. This concept means that the law overlooks the natural descent of the illegitimate child, as well as the legal effects of the relationship such as guardianship, custody, maintenance, and legacy. So the rights and duties laid down in the law for the children shall only include the legitimate children. Now this fundamental question arises that where the illegitimate children stand in our legal system and who is responsible for their financial and non-financial rights? This thesis investigates the children born out of the marital relationship as well as their rights and it aims at proposing appropriate suggestions in concert with the equality of the rights of the children in question with those born in a marital relationship. Key Words: Legal Status, Children born through adultery, Left infant, Children born after mistaken intercourse, Children born after artificial insemination, Law of Islamic Republic of Iran, Emamieh Jurisprudence Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - the comparative study of correspondence between the film products for children and the requirements of this age group
neda shafaghat سید رضا نقیب الساداتThe title of the present research is "the comparative study of correspondence between the film products for children and the requirements of this age group". we have used the context analyzing method with its implicative form through categorical- assessment methods, and MoreThe title of the present research is "the comparative study of correspondence between the film products for children and the requirements of this age group". we have used the context analyzing method with its implicative form through categorical- assessment methods, and we studied on the children films which are broadcast from the channel 2 of IRIB in the 70s and80s as the population, and among the published children movies, Among the films released by the child, twelve available films are selected as samples. The scenes of each film are selected as the analyzing unit, and have been coded and analyzed. After the research, we realized that there is very low correspondence between children film products and their age requirement, The lack of attention to the character allegory in children films plays a key role in the attractiveness and Lack of attention to the rhythm of the scene, which plays an important role in influencing the message and increasing the attractiveness of the movie, is one of the most significant cases. The relevance of the components, such as: the subject, color and music of films published by the child's age and the response to the needs of children, are the ones that are considered in the making of a child's movie. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Relationship between the use of Computer Games and Aggression in Children in Ardabil City
ali jafari manzar movaqarThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between use of computer games and aggression in children in Ardabil. The research method of achieving the goal, is functional and correlation - survey and research tool is the questionnaire.The statistical population incl MoreThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between use of computer games and aggression in children in Ardabil. The research method of achieving the goal, is functional and correlation - survey and research tool is the questionnaire.The statistical population include allthe8- to12-year- old children of Ardabil (in 1394)that according to registration documents their numberwere 64 209 people. The sampling method in the study was simple random sampling and multistage cluster sampling. The sample size was calculated 398 people using the formula Cochrane. Data collection method was using questionnaire and the data collected then analyzed using SPSS software.Analysis was conducted at two levels: the first level of description where the indexes like frequency indexand ...were used and Level of inferential statistics in which statistical tests, Pearson and regression were used. the results showed that between Independent variables(The time of computer games, Type computer games , The rate of computer games, The violence in computer games, Characters in computer games) and aggression in children strong and direct relationship between parental monitoring of kids computer games and aggression in children and there is a strong inverse relationship. relationship between parental monitoring of kids computer games and aggression in children and there is a strong inverse relationship Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Aggression and Anxiety of Pre-school Children, (Case Study of Pre-school Children in Fardis of Karaj)
Bahareh Nasiri Zeynab mohammadzadehThe aim of the current study was to identify the relation between parental styles and aggression and anxiety of pre-school children in Alborz province, Fardis city. The sample comprised 60 children,studying in pre-school grade,with their mothers and teachers. Applied to MoreThe aim of the current study was to identify the relation between parental styles and aggression and anxiety of pre-school children in Alborz province, Fardis city. The sample comprised 60 children,studying in pre-school grade,with their mothers and teachers. Applied tools included Bamurind's Parenting Style, Vahedi's children Aggression , and Spence's Children Anxiety Questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPPS 21 and LISREL8. 8software. To examine the effects of predicting variables on independent variable, step-by-step regression was used. Significance levels for investigating the hypothesis were considered a=0.01and a=0.05. Results showed that indulgent style, with direction coefficient of -0.19, predicated aggression, while, authoritative style, with direction coefficient of 0.25, could predict anxiety. These findings confirmed the study hypothesizes. In other words, a relationship was revealed between parenting styles and aggression and anxiety of pre-school children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Studying the Role of Television in Strengthening the Values of Children's and Teenagers’ Literature
Homa Doroudi Nader RamazaniNowadays, the media as one of the main instruments of transferring and promoting of cultural and social values has an important role in the behavior of children and teenagers and in changing their social behavior. One of the issues which has attracted the attention of s MoreNowadays, the media as one of the main instruments of transferring and promoting of cultural and social values has an important role in the behavior of children and teenagers and in changing their social behavior. One of the issues which has attracted the attention of scholars and caused to writings of these scholars is the issue of “the relationship of media with the children and teenagers”. The general goal of this study is investigating the role of television in strengthening the values of children's and Teenagers’ literature in Zanjan. The sample group of this study were 384 children and teenagers (174 female and 210 male)in the range of 7 to 12 years old. The sample size was determined according to the infinite sample of 384 personns and the sampling was done randomly. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire which was designed by the researcher. Validity of the questionnaire was verified by using the formal methods. And the reliability to test the reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.91. To analyze the collected data, it is used from SPSS software and suitable descriptive and inferential statistical methods and descriptive and inferential statistics were also presented. The findings of this study show that there is a meaningful relationship between watching TV and its informational and educational role and its role in recognizing the cultural identity and purchasing behavior (like books that are transferring the Iranian culture, Iranian goods like the toys that have Iranian identity and …) of the children and teenagers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Factors of Child- Friendly Places in Neighborhood Area
Hossein Bagheri Esmael ZarghamiWe have found many links between the built environment and children's physical activities, but we have yet to find conclusive evidence that aspects of the built environment promote obesity. For example, certain development patterns, such as a lack of sidewalks, long dis MoreWe have found many links between the built environment and children's physical activities, but we have yet to find conclusive evidence that aspects of the built environment promote obesity. For example, certain development patterns, such as a lack of sidewalks, long distances to schools, and the need to cross busy streets, discourage walking and biking to school. Eliminating such barriers can increase rates of active commuting. But researchers cannot yet prove that more active commuting would reduce rates of obesity. It note that recent changes in the nutrition environment, including greater reliance on convenience foods and fast foods, a lack of access to fruits and vegetables, and expansion in portion sizes, are also widely believed to contribute to the epidemic of childhood obesity. But again, conclusive evidence that changes in the nutrition environment will reduce rates of obesity yet does not exist. Research into the link between the built environment and childhood obesity is still in its infancy. Analysts do not know whether changes in the built environment have increased rates of obesity or whether improvements to the built environment will decrease them. Nevertheless, the policy implications are clear. Finally, environment can have a sustainable effect in children activities. The attempt of this research is to identify the effective variables of friendly places by kids. Prioritization according to the importance of variables is the main goal of the research. The Delphi technique has been used to collect the opinions of experts about the priorities of criteria. The research method was qualitative, and the data were collected conducting a questionnaire. Firstly, by using literature review, several factors that are strongly related to design field (Child- friendly place, Child- friendly City (CFC), and Friendly places) have been identified. The questionnaires was sent to 25 experts, out of them 18 key experts answered to the research. Their responses were analyzed for the purpose of identifying. Following revisions as a result of the comments received from the first round, the participants were asked to repeat the assessment in the second round. A t-test was used to determine whether or not the experts’ opinions on the first and second round were similar. The results of the research showed that the final set of variables grouped into 5 categories: (1) physical factors; (2) safe access factors; (3) location factors; (4) ecological factors; and (5) personal factors. Physical factors consisted of functional distance, scale, variety of functions, quality of environment, density of neighborhood, texture and color of material, and so on. Safe access factors were distance (km/hr), to home, school, play space, parks and center of neighborhood. Contextual factors consisted of neighborhood, services and safety. Location factors were proximity with home, school, play space, parks. Personal factors consisted of age, gender, education, economic place and sense of safety. We used Shannon’s entropy to determine the importance weights of variables. Physical factors were the most important attribute and personal factors were the least important one. The physical factors of residential neighborhood have a significant role in increasing loveable place for children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparative Evaluation of the Citizens’ Sense of Belonging to Ayalat Square of Urmia and Hassan Abad Square of Tehran through the Study of Place Identity
S.Rahman Eghbali Razieh Zeynali Elnaz EsmaeiliA series of cultural and environmental factors including (but not limited to) individual and collective values, events, forms, colors and textures shape the place identity. Place identity is a dynamic phenomenon and is subject to change through the time and due to relev MoreA series of cultural and environmental factors including (but not limited to) individual and collective values, events, forms, colors and textures shape the place identity. Place identity is a dynamic phenomenon and is subject to change through the time and due to relevant spatial and functional changes. City squares as public spaces and the places for social interactions have an important role in configuration of urban identity, place identity and people sense of belonging. Ayalat square of Urmia and Hassan Abad Square of Tehran, which both of them have been designed and constructed in early 1930s, have also been faced to changes through the time. Certain buildings with different architectural styles and patterns are added and some of their spatial and functional features have been altered as a result of some repair and restoration activities. Consequently, the place identities of Ayalat and Hassan Abad squares have been changed. In addition, the sense of belonging to place is an influential factor in the assessment of human - place relationships and a major consideration to creation of city public spaces. Nevertheless, the sense of belonging to place and investigation of place identity configuration basic factors are so important. The focal point of this study is a comparative evaluation of citizens’ sense of belonging to Ayalat Square of Urmia and Hasan Abad Square of Tehran regarding the place identity. The place identification factors are considered and specified to define the relationship of the place identity in the sense of belonging to a place. A descriptive/analytical research method has been adopted and implemented based on the direct observations and the field surveys as well. In addition a literature review has been done to find out how far the relationship between the sense of belonging to place and the place identity is studied in the realm of architecture and environmental studies. The result of this review demonstrates that there are a few materials on the subject and may say the research can be considered as an original one. The field surveys are mainly carried out using a Likert Scale questionnaire which was designed to detect and examine the sense of belonging to place in correlation with the place identity indices. In each case study a 100 person/citizens are randomly asked to fill the questionnaire on site in Tehran and Urmia. The statistical societies are configured by individuals from a divert spectrum of occupancy, age and education. Data analysis and interpretation of the extracted results from the questionnaire suggest a meaningful relationship between the sense of belonging to place and the place identity. So, the research findings show that where the place identification factors are scored as low, the sense of belonging to place is dropped to the lower levels. The comparison of the gained results from the two case studies indicates that the citizens’ sense of belonging to the Ayalat Square of Urmia is stronger than the citizens’ sense of belonging to Hasan Abad Square of Tehran, at least in the relevant surveyed statistical societies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Visual reflections of child friendly urban space in 7-12 years old children's painting
Iman Ghalandarian Zahra younesiVisual reflections of child friendly urban space in 7-12 years old children's paintingUrban spaces have a unique role in fulfilling the social and individual needs of child and youth. Improving the quality of these spaces could be effective in health and increase physic MoreVisual reflections of child friendly urban space in 7-12 years old children's paintingUrban spaces have a unique role in fulfilling the social and individual needs of child and youth. Improving the quality of these spaces could be effective in health and increase physical strength, Strengthening social interactions, group correlations and increase creativity in children. In other hand painting is a path to acquire abilities and creativity for children. Generally the mental connections of children with urban spaces is sort of problems that exposed in their paintings due to inability of communicate and transfer the message correctly. So the purpose of this study is to identify the most effective indicators on child friendly urban spaces based on children’s painting. The research method is qualitative and the data is collected through survey research method. The statistical society of the study consist of 7 from 12 years old children in Mashhad ( The second greatest city In Iran) and the statistical sample is selected through the purposive non-random sampling model. For this purpose 70 paintings on urban spaces is painted by children and based on drawing- sketching model of cognitive map and analysed by MAXQDA software. By analyzing the research variables including used symbols and colours in the paintings optimal features of urban space is extracted from the children's perspective. The results shows safety and comfort with 17.89% of importance is most important features of child friendly urban space and appropriate access to green and natural spaces, recreational and entertaining zones, public spaces, appropriate public transportation system, access to essential facilities and services, existence of a non-polluting environment, attractive visual elements and possibility of children’s participation are next ratings. To reach this elements attention must be focused on safety, designing and locating of child-friendly urban spaces, In that way they feel safe and feel free to access green and natural spaces. In order to attract a child to urban space and increase his/her sense of satisfaction from spaces he/she must understand urban spaces and use them. In other words, a child could engage himself/herself in spaces when he/she understands it; understanding spaces happens when they feel safety. Surveys has shown that features of a child-friendly urban spaces and proper access to green and natural spaces, recreational and entertaining zones, public spaces, appropriate transportation system, basic amenities and services, pollution free environment. Attractive visual elements and children’s possibility of participation are the next children’s priorities. These features allow them to play in space as they get pleased. Creating artificial and natural spaces together, using sophisticated and simple supplies allow them to grow their creativity. In addition paying attention to playgrounds that is not just a park can help their grow and development.These features allow them to play in space as they get pleased. Creating artificial and natural spaces together, using sophisticated and simple supplies allow them to grow their creativity. In addition paying attention to playgrounds that is not just a park can help their grow and development.Keywords: Child, child’s painting. Urban space, child friendly city Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Assessment and Comparision of New and Old Texture of Iran Cities in Response to City Freindly Cities Indicators. Case Study: Joobareh Neighborhood and Sepahanshahr New Town
Ali ghaffari Mahmood ghale noee Khashayar emadiChildren are more paid attention in this decade as one of the most important and vulnerable groups of society specially by introducing child friendly city (CFC) theory. Nonethelessare not enough paid attention in some new districts of cities and are less seen playing an MoreChildren are more paid attention in this decade as one of the most important and vulnerable groups of society specially by introducing child friendly city (CFC) theory. Nonethelessare not enough paid attention in some new districts of cities and are less seen playing and activating in public spaces. This neglect of children in planning and designing environment is more intense in cities of Iran while the process is well activated in developed countries in all social, psychological and functional dimension. because of these reasons this paper attempt to recognizing advantages and disadvantages of old and new parts of cities focusing on CFC principles and indicators. The research methodology is primarily descriptive-historically (in gathering indicators and resulting them) and then field survey (considering the indicators in districts). To attaining the referred goals this research has proceed to collect and considering the principles and indicators of CFC in different scientific sources (including books, papers and scientific reports) and will reach to CFC indicators framework. In fact This indicators framework is produced by gathering all the indicators in a matrix and deducing the most repeated indicators from. these indicators as the main and most important indicators of CFC are: safety and security- access to natural green space- existence of open public spaces with various activities- access to main equipment, facilities and services including educational, health and sportive services- providing suitable public transportation particularly suitable bike and walkable routes- participation and giving value to children- existence of healthy environment without rubbish and all pollutants- providing fun and creativity environment for children. then some sub indicators are provided for each indicator to evaluating them more exactly. Each indicator has two sub indicator at least. In this paper two districts are studied and compared. First sepahan shahr that is one of the new towns of Isfahan which its residents have the most variety of cultures and nations in districts of Isfahan. The second district of this study is joobareh which one of the old and historical districts of city with residents who include low income people of city. These two case studies will be assessed and compared by these indicators and sub indicators vie AHP method to attaining child friendly environment. evaluating the impacts of indicators and sub indicators is done by negotiation among 10 urban design student which are aware of this research. At end disadvantages of total urban design and modern urban design will be understood by attaining the final consequence (introducing joobareh as more child-oriented district). In fact it can be resulted that one of the reasons of this result (less point of sepahan shahr about being child friendly oriented) is lacking of livability and friendly environment, a problem which one of its reasons is neglecting the basic needs of children, because absolutely the needs of children are needs of other class of society and perhaps the reason of this matter is total urban designing of this new town, a problem that has not been occurred in joobareh by slow evolution of this district during the centuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Urban Space Design: Creating Safer Places for Children in Iran Applying Worldwide Experiences
Mamak Nassiri Nasab RafsanjaniNowadays, children all around the world constitute approximately 31 percent of the global population, and moreover, in the country of Iran children comprise a population of about 19 million individuals who represent the future human capital of this country, and areas su MoreNowadays, children all around the world constitute approximately 31 percent of the global population, and moreover, in the country of Iran children comprise a population of about 19 million individuals who represent the future human capital of this country, and areas such, an important demographic in this country’s society. Therefore, it is a critical matter that children should be considered in the process of urban planning and design. As UNICEF express it, the primary responsibility for ensuring that children’s right is realized lies with governments and other stakeholders such as civil society organizations, the private sector, academia, and media, as well as children themselves. Given that, public and government officials, city managers, top executives, and private firms should collaborate with each other to set out a series of normative principles for city planners and urban designers taking consideration of children needs. It is safe to say that children need consist of many factors such as environmental, social, educational, cultural, healthcare, and more importantly safety needs. Broadly speaking, it is the city, town or community’s task to protect children from violence, abuse, and exploitation where they can grow up healthy with utmost care. Hence, investigating, determining and identifying the characteristics of a safe and secure environment for children (or even adults) is crucial to this matter. The citizen’s security and ways of promoting it has been considered as the priority of urban designer, this urban security promotion and improvement, have beneficial aspects on cultural and social traces and relics that related to citizen’s behavioral pattern that enhance the residential environment quality through urban crime and violence reduction. As a matter of fact, in the past few decades, there has been a change in understanding of how crime and violence reduction should be achieved. Taking into account the above, several researchers have offered concepts of defensible spaces to planners and designers in order to create and shape a more secure and safer public space which reduces the crime and violence rate. The attempt has been made to introduce the role of urban fabric and its physical aspects and makes clear the principles, paradigms and the theoretician strategies approaches. Moreover, examined here are the experiences gained around the world with regards to the design of safe public spaces. Given that, The effort has been made to foster the factors which are affected to the urban spaces safety, the necessity of the safe urban theories relates to this manifest: nowadays, the urban fabric potentials and physical aspect have been not considered in urban crime reduction that enhances the quality of life and urban satisfaction. This research result shows that the crime commission and violence can be reduced by using practical urban design criteria. The attempt has been made to cultivate the factors which are affected to urban security. By attention to the positive aspects of the safe and secure urban public spaces, and their influence on children, we shall arrive at certain deductive principles or guidelines for safe public urban spaces in our cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Assessing Community Architecture Based on SCI (Case Study: Child-friendly City-BAM)
Hamed Kamelnia Seyed Gholamreza Islami Pirooz HanachiUser participation in many projects, couldn't reach to important outcomes and in spite of many researches, there is a real tendency for architects to do it. One of the most important reasons for this is lack of assessing and analyzing the participatory projects. Today, MoreUser participation in many projects, couldn't reach to important outcomes and in spite of many researches, there is a real tendency for architects to do it. One of the most important reasons for this is lack of assessing and analyzing the participatory projects. Today, usage of community architecture is broader than participatory architecture. Community architecture is a recent approach of achievements by community groups who have been effective in shaping their environment. The term community is used in different ways but two major use are more important: first is the territorial and geographical notion of community-neighborhood, town, and city. The second is relational concerned with quality of character of human relationship without reference to location. Community Architecture consider to cultural values and behavioral needs of community to improve the quality of the built environment. Different typology of participation exist through a participatory process:”self-mobilization”, “giving information”, ”consultative design”, ”functional participation”, ”interactive participation”, “regionalism” and “interpretive participation”. Current state of the literature shows tow approaches: first: sociological approach that searching for local community functioning and second: psychological approach that focus on psychological sense of community. Sense of community (SC) factor is a useful assessing tool to find out outcomes of community participation. SC (sense of community) factors have four elements: 1-membership; 2-influence; 3-integration & fulfillment of needs; and 4-shared emotional connection. One of the participatory projects in this case, is child-friendly City of BAM. The CFC project in BAM (after destroyable earthquake 2003 in BAM, IRAN) was searching the main factors that make a city child friendly. Based on this goal, some workshops were hold at 2004 and children participated in order to form their environment. The workshops focused on community participation, using children as key planners of their own environment from city planning to design a school .in these workshops, children participated with some tools such as drawing, role playing, puzzle, workshops, behavioral mapping, etc. After 5 years later, a POE was held to assessing on the projects (dream school). The result shows little relation between children ideas and the built school. Children priorities to design their school is differ to architect priorities and the built environment is not outcome of children participation and their needs and dreams but there is a relation between SCI factors and children participation. A correlation research method shows that there is a meaningful relation between SCI factors and participation of users (children) in design process of architecture. On the other hand, existing sense of community factors (in case BAM, this is because of earthquake) among users is a necessary condition to use participatory methods in architectural design process. Studies of child friendly city project in BAM (post earthquake) shows that we can reach the proper goals of community participation in the built environment, not only by accurate participatory tools, methods and levels, but also with existence of sense of community among the users. So, today new paradigms of community participation in design process is based on SC factors and fostering sense of community among users can provide better context to reach aims of community design. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Guidelines for Designing an Effective Learning Complex for Child Labors (Case Study: City of Isfahan)
Meghedy Khodabakhshian Sara Taghizade -
Open Access Article
14 - Comparison of Methods for Participation of Vulnerable Children in Neighborhood Rehabilitation (Case Studies: Tehran’s Southern Neighborhoods)
Behnaz Aminzadeh Mehrnaz Attaran -
Open Access Article
15 - Analysis of the Position of Architectural Spatial Elements in Children’s Mental Image
mehdi khodayari Hamed Moztarzadeh -
Open Access Article
16 - Food allergy prevention in children: An overview
Hadi Monji Adeleh Khodabakhshi Pegah Rahbarinejad -
Open Access Article
17 - The association of dietary acid load with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study
Pegah Rahbarinejad Ariyo Movahedi -
Open Access Article
18 - Relationship between eating behavior, mental health problems and overweight and obesity in school children
Elahe Hashemi Ahmad Reza Dorosty-Motlagh Asal Ataie-Jafari -
Open Access Article
19 - Anthropometric index and life style behaviors of 7-12 years children of Buin-Zahra county in 2018
Hengameh Shariati Rad Lida Nejati Samira Bagheri -
Open Access Article
20 - Identify and analyze the factors affecting the institutionalization of sport culture in children and adolescents
omid safari gholamreza safari mohamad niknam sogra azadifar fatemeh ghafariThe present study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing the institutionalization of the culture of exercise in children and adolescents from the viewpoint of physical education teachers in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. The method of this descriptive survey MoreThe present study aims to identify and analyze the factors influencing the institutionalization of the culture of exercise in children and adolescents from the viewpoint of physical education teachers in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. The method of this descriptive survey is survey. The population of this study is about 480 students of all physical education colleges in the province. A sample of 200 physical education teachers from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad was considered. Based on the results of Pearson correlation coefficient test, there is a meaningful relationship between the factors of family, social and cultural factors on the institutionalization of exercise culture in children and adolescents because the level of significance is 03%. That hypothesis is approved with 97% confidence. Also, family activities and peer groups affect the institutionalization of culture of sport in children and adolescents from the teachers' point of view of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. The activities of governmental institutions (sports organizations, schools and media) on the institutionalization of culture of sport in children and adolescents have affected teachers from the Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. The joint activities of the public and private sectors on the institutionalization of the culture of exercise in children and adolescents are influential from teachers' point of view of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad. Facilitating activities on the institutionalization of sport culture in children and adolescents in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad there is a positive and significant effect. Therefore, it is appropriate to identify the factors affecting the institutionalization of sports culture and to emphasize these factors in order to promote children's sports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A critical re-reading of the legislator's Nissan in criminalizing the most obvious forms of child abuse in the new legislative approach
bohan khateri Nasrin Mehra Mohammd ali Mahdavi sabet Nourooz KargariChild abuse is a behavior and situation in which a child becomes a victim of torture and physical, emotional, sexual, emotional, neglectful, and sometimes structural abuse. The World Health Organization considers the issue of child abuse to be significant in four areas; MoreChild abuse is a behavior and situation in which a child becomes a victim of torture and physical, emotional, sexual, emotional, neglectful, and sometimes structural abuse. The World Health Organization considers the issue of child abuse to be significant in four areas; Physical child abuse, sexual child abuse, emotional child abuse, and neglect. The first anti-child abuse law in Iran was approved in 2002 in order to implement international documents and to respond to the call of organizations and institutions supporting child rights and to create a deterrent against the phenomenon of child abuse. With the discovery of the shortcomings of the law and after about two decades, this brief law in 1399 was completely repealed and replaced by another new law. Despite the fact that the Iranian legislature in 2002, according to the Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescents, in particular, considered physical abuse of children in addition to emotional and psychological abuse, criminalized and punishable, in recent amendments, despite compensating for some shortcomings of the previous law And address issues such as child sexual abuse and child abuse due to neglect; But in general, the most obvious form of child abuse, namely physical child abuse and mental child abuse, has been forgotten, and this important issue has been removed from the examples and scope of child abuse criminalization in Iranian law in complete disbelief and completely ignored by the legislature Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Analyzing the effect of denial of parentage on the financial and non-financial rights of children in Iran's legal system
Maryam ul Sadat Mohaghegh Damad Reihaneh Jalali FarahaniRelative relationship may be denied for various reasons and motivations. The denier of relative relation claims that the relative relation that apparently exists is contrary to reality. In general, any person who benefits from the denial of lineage can file a lawsuit fo MoreRelative relationship may be denied for various reasons and motivations. The denier of relative relation claims that the relative relation that apparently exists is contrary to reality. In general, any person who benefits from the denial of lineage can file a lawsuit for denial of lineage. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to clearly state the approach of Iranian law towards the legal status of a child whose parentage has been denied. Since there may be a difference between the rights of a child whose parentage is denied and the rights of a child who does not have this feature, it is necessary to determine which of the financial and non-financial rights is different between the child whose parentage is denied and the child whose not. The result of this research is that those rights that such a child still enjoys are financial rights, alimony and non-financial rights, guardianship, custody, family name and birth certificate. Inheritance is also a right that is affected by denying lineage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Nexus between Female Genital Mutilation and Child Marriage in Nigeria: A Cultural Inhibition to Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Olukemi Adebola -
Open Access Article
24 - Parental Mediation of Children’s Video Game Experiences: Iranian Parents’ Strategies of Mediation
Masoud Kousari Meghdad Mehrabi -
Open Access Article
25 - The Relationship between Social Support and Attitude towards the Police on Street Children
Nahid Karami Tahmouras Aghajani Nasrollah Ansarinejad -
Open Access Article
26 - The Effect of Self-care Education on Self-esteem of Street Children in Tehran
Mahdi Zare Bahramabadi Mohammad Reza Heidarhaei -
Open Access Article
27 - Review of Theory of Mind and Social Skills of Educable Mentally-retarded Boys
Soroush Fathi Hanieh Fakoury Hossein Bashiri Guivi -
Open Access Article
28 - Sociological Analysis of the Rights of Children with Disabilities: Policies of Iran, the Islamic World, and the International Sphere
Maryam Sha’ban Alireza Mohseni Tabrizi Fateme Ja’fari -
Open Access Article
29 - The Effectiveness of Child-centered Play Therapy on the Moral Intelligence and Bullying of Elementary Students
Hamid Reza Vatan Khah Amirhoushang Yamkangaz Mona Yamkangaz -
Open Access Article
30 - Theoretical Explanation of the Use of Cyberspace and the Evolution of Family Structure in Iran with Emphasis on the Concept of Generation Gap
Mehdi Mokhtarpour Mohammad Kiani -
Open Access Article
31 - The Analysis of Relationship between Health inputs with Child Mortality in Based on Gini Coefficient and Lorenz Curve
fatemeh karimnejad rami ghahraman mahmoodi mohamad ali jahaniIntroduction: Child mortality is one of the most important cultural, economic and health indicators in evaluating the health status of the community. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between health centers with the child mortality based on the Gini coefficie MoreIntroduction: Child mortality is one of the most important cultural, economic and health indicators in evaluating the health status of the community. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between health centers with the child mortality based on the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve. Methods: This ecological descriptive study was conducted in 2016 to examine the equality or inequality in the distribution of health facilities in the cities of Mazandaran province based on demographic indicators. The research population consisted of health centers, health personnel, emergency centers and the number of employees in these centers. After collecting data from the Ministry of Health of Mazandaran and babol University of Medical Sciences, the obtained data was analyzed using Dasp2.1, STATA and SPSS19 software. Results: Gini coefficient for the distribution of rural health centers was 0.28 and 0.32 for urban health centers, based on population. The Gini coefficient for distribution of health centers and health personnel was higher than 0.3. There was a significant relationship between the ratio of rural health centers to the population and child mortality (r = -0.853, p-value = 0.03) of children under five years old (r = -0.901, p-value = 0.01), and between the ratio of health centers to population and child mortality (r = -0.367; p-value = 0.03) of children under five years old (r = 0.489, p-value = 0.03). Conclusion: Since a significant level of inequality was found in the distribution of some health centers, considering the relationship between health centers and child mortality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Study the Effect of Misery Index and Inflation Uncertainty on Life Expectancy and Child Mortality Under Five in Iran
roya aleemran seyed ali aleemranIntroduction: Given the importance of life expectancy and child mortality as indicators of society health and also the importance of misery index and inflation uncertainty, the present study aimed to assess the impact of misery index and inflation uncertainty on life ex MoreIntroduction: Given the importance of life expectancy and child mortality as indicators of society health and also the importance of misery index and inflation uncertainty, the present study aimed to assess the impact of misery index and inflation uncertainty on life expectancy and child mortality under five in Iran. Methods: This research method is an analysis-causal and its target is application and statistics and data about the variables used in this study are extracted from economic time series database of Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran and World Development Indicators. Also, Econometric tools used in research are Eviews and Microfit Softwares and the econometric methods are GARCH and ARDL methods over the period of first quarter of 1996 to fourth quarter of 2018 for country of Iran. The level of significant is 5 percent. Results: According to research findings, in the long run, one unit increase in each of the variables of misery index and inflation uncertainty decrease life expectancy by 0.07 and 21.30 unit respectively. Also, one unit increase in each of the variables of misery index and inflation uncertainty increase child mortality under five by 0.20 and 43.01 unit respectively. Conclusion: given the results of study, it is recommended that policy makers with the use of proper economic policies to reduce the misery index and inflation uncertainty, take a step toward improving health in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - Normalizing the Mental and Motor Test for Iranian 1-30 Month Old Infants of Mothers Who Work at Medical Centers
Mahtab Motamed Hadi Bahrami Javid PeymaniIntroduction: Measurement as one of the important objectives in developmental domains enables the scholars to study developmental changes and retardation and provides insights into educational solutions. One of the most important and reliable scales for measuring develo MoreIntroduction: Measurement as one of the important objectives in developmental domains enables the scholars to study developmental changes and retardation and provides insights into educational solutions. One of the most important and reliable scales for measuring development in younger children was designed by Brunet and Lezine in France; But, to use it in Iran, its reliability and validity are required to be assessed. The present research was carried out to study factor structure, reliability and validity of the scale for Iranian infants of mothers who work at medical centers by considering their job position. Methods: This is a descriptive survey project. Also, given the comparison of the elements of mental and motor scale for two genders in the project, it is also causal-comparative. The research sample include 536 younger children of mothers who work at medical centers (327 girls and 209 boys) selected by convenience sampling. Results: The results of Cronbach’s Alpha showed an acceptable level of reliability for most of sub scales. Reliability coefficient for each of subscales included: positional control of body 0.76, ocular-motor co-ordination 0.74, listening and speaking language subscale 0.58, sociability subscale 0.77, and Cronbach’s Alpha for total scale 0.89. By using factor analysis, we extracted 4 factors: positional control of body, ocular-motor co-ordination, listening and speaking language, and sociability. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that children mental and motor development BRUNET-LÉZINE scale has the psychometric properties to be utilized in psychological researches about younger children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - Identifying Effective Factors of Establishment of Information Therapy Approach for Immune-deficiency System in the Children's Medical Center by Meta-Analysis
Sedigheh Mohammadesmaeil Shiba KianmehrIntroduction: To identify the effective dimensions and components in the establishment of the information therapy approach for immune system deficiency diseases in the children's medical center using the meta-combination method. Methods: In this research, which was an MoreIntroduction: To identify the effective dimensions and components in the establishment of the information therapy approach for immune system deficiency diseases in the children's medical center using the meta-combination method. Methods: In this research, which was an applied study in terms of its purpose, the qualitative research method and meta-composite technique were used to collect data, and CASP was used as a tool to control the quality of selected articles and combine qualitative findings. Results: By analyzing the articles and experts' opinions, two main dimensions: a) informing (health literacy) including 6 sub-dimensions: acquiring information, identifying information, sharing information, increasing awareness, meeting information needs, increasing health knowledge; and b) treatment (health services) including 6 sub-dimensions: patient satisfaction, caring behavior, reducing the cost of inpatient treatment, use of health information, health maintenance training, and disease prevention (including 12 effective sub-dimensions in total) were obtained. Conclusion: Paying attention to the effective factors in the establishment of the information therapy approach (separated by dimensions, including information and treatment), as an inevitable pillar in the health system, which is the basis for facilitating access to information and its timely dissemination for both groups, doctors and patients. It not only focuses on the prevention of diseases, but it is also able to help reduce the country's medical expenses by playing a complementary role in the treatment process, as well as improving the level of health literacy of the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Structural Model of Somatic Symptoms based on Perceived Social Support and Childhood Trauma in Patients with Epilepsy: Mediating Role of Depression, Anxiety and Stress
Masoumeh Mohammadbeigi Afsaneh Taheri Khadijeh Abolmaali Koroush GharergozliIntroduction: Considering the importance of examining somatic symptoms in patients with epilepsy, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of somatic symptoms based on perceived social support and childhood trauma with the media MoreIntroduction: Considering the importance of examining somatic symptoms in patients with epilepsy, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of somatic symptoms based on perceived social support and childhood trauma with the mediating of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with epilepsy. Methods: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was the patients with epilepsy of Iran in the 2021 year, which number of 260 people of them were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. The research tools were included somatic symptoms questionnaire (Kroenke et al., 2002), perceived social support scale (Zimet et al., 1988), childhood trauma questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003) and depression, anxiety and stress scale (Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling in SPSS-24 and AMOS-26 software. Results: The findings showed that the model of somatic symptoms based on perceived social support and childhood trauma with the mediating of depression, anxiety and stress in patients with epilepsy had a good fit. Also, social support had a significant negative effect on depression, anxiety and stress and somatic symptoms, childhood trauma had a significant positive effect on depression, anxiety and stress, and depression, anxiety and stress had a significant positive effect on somatic symptoms (P<0.05), but trauma childhood had no significant effect on somatic symptoms (P>0.05). In addition, social support with the mediating of depression, anxiety and stress had a significant negative effect on somatic symptoms and childhood trauma with the mediation of depression, anxiety and stress had a significant positive effect on somatic symptoms (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it is necessary to plan to reduce somatic symptoms in patients with epilepsy by increasing social support and reducing depression, anxiety and stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Managing Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment Methods in Children with Cancer: a Review Study
Zeynab Hajitabar Seyed Jamaloddin Tabibi Seyed Davoud Nasrollapour Shirvani Bayram PakravanCost-effectiveness evaluation of therapeutic interventions is important for optimal allocation of resources in the health sector, especially in developing countries. This research is a narrative review aiming at comparison of treatment methods in children with cancer. MoreCost-effectiveness evaluation of therapeutic interventions is important for optimal allocation of resources in the health sector, especially in developing countries. This research is a narrative review aiming at comparison of treatment methods in children with cancer. Methods: The present study was conducted by searching four databases, SID, Scopus, Pubmed and Google Scholar using keywords (cost-effectiveness, economic evaluation, cost-benefit, cost, cancer, and children) to find related articles published between 2000 and 2020. The obtained articles were included in the study after complying with the inclusion criteria. Results: After checking the inclusion criteria, 8 studies were included in the present review. In most studies, surgical procedures or newer drugs (such as laparoscopy or recombinant drugs) were more cost-effective. Most of the studies had examined the economic value of treatment methods in the form of cost-benefit analysis. Conclusion: Primary studies of cost-benefit analysis in the field of health interventions are increasing. Because such analyzes can play an important role in optimizing the use of resources and facilities and improving health status of communities. Review studies can help health managers and policymakers by summarizing the results of primary studies for proper financial planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Exploring the Role of Parental Communication Patterns about Children’s Perception of their Influence over Purchases
K. Heidarzadeh N. MotamediSocialization by children is seen as taking place within a socio-cultural environment where family patterns of communication play a pivotal role.The socio-and concept-orientation are two predominant parental communication styles that are likely to affect MoreSocialization by children is seen as taking place within a socio-cultural environment where family patterns of communication play a pivotal role.The socio-and concept-orientation are two predominant parental communication styles that are likely to affect the perceived influence that children believe they hold. This study focuses on the perceived influence of children resulting from the communication pattern adopted by parents. Research is conducted among a dyad consisting of parent and child . Results are reported, conclusions are drawn and recommendations for future research are made. This research that is about the role of parental communication patterns about children’s perception of their influence over purchase showed the positive relationship between a child’s perceived influence on consumption choice decision and the level of concept – orientation held by the parent and no relationship was found between level of socio- orientation held by the parent and child’s perception. It was also found that children of consensual family communication patterns exhibit the highest level of perceived influence on purchase and These will be followed by those from “Plurastic’,“Protective’ and “Laissez - Faire” families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Impact of Product Packaging and Family Communication Patterns on Children and Parents Buying Behavior (Children and Parents Who Go Shopping in Entertainment and Shopping Centers)
M. Miarrostami B. KheiryNowadays, recognition buying behavior of children and their parents is one of the key success factors for organizations. If marketers can identify the factors influencing buying behavior of the child, they will be able to get ahead of its competitors in their MoreNowadays, recognition buying behavior of children and their parents is one of the key success factors for organizations. If marketers can identify the factors influencing buying behavior of the child, they will be able to get ahead of its competitors in their industry, and have a greater share of the market. No doubt, a prerequisite for success in any market is acceptance of products by customers in the target markets. Also, since today's society is moving toward child- prominence, and with the ways of communication such as the Internet, satellite, and rising of children awareness, it can be seen that the role of children in family purchase decisions became more highlight. Therefore, to understand the factors influencing buying behavior of children, and see the impact on parents buying, can be more understanding of the child's behavior as a customer, and based on this, marketers are able to take a larger share of the market, & hence, studying these factors is important . The population used for this study, are children and parents in entertainment and shopping centers and 385 pairs of questionnaires were distributed between children and their parents in these centers, which sampling in each of these centers was done based on stratified simple random sampling method. Also, to analyze the data, descriptive and conclusive statistics, and the software SPSS, and Lisrel were used, and Structural Equation Modeling, used as a multivariate analysis technique, for examining dependence rate of relationships between the variables. The results indicate that the product packaging, influences on unhealthy product preferences by the child. But product packaging don’t influence on healthy product preferences by children, and also the product preferences by children (healthy and unhealthy), don't influence on buying behavior of parents. Also, conceptual attitudes of parents don’t influence on child's perception impression in parents buying decision. While, social attitudes of parents influences on child's perception impression process and child's perception impression process in parents buying decision do not influence on the buying behavior of parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Comparative study of child murder in islamic jurisprudence
Ehsan Moradzadeh Mohammad Hasan Goli Shirdare Seyed Abolghasem NaghibiIslamic jurists do not agree on the punishment of fathers and grandfathers for killing their children. In this article, the opinions and views of the jurists of Islamic religions in this field will be examined in a descriptive and analytical manner. In Imami jurispruden MoreIslamic jurists do not agree on the punishment of fathers and grandfathers for killing their children. In this article, the opinions and views of the jurists of Islamic religions in this field will be examined in a descriptive and analytical manner. In Imami jurisprudence, jurists believe that the father is not retaliated for killing his son. In order not to retaliate against the father, they have relied on narrations, consensus and the reason for being active for the child. According to the narrations, Shafi'i, Hanbali and Hanafi jurists believe that the father has the right of guardianship over the child and the rule is that the father should not retaliate for killing the child. But Maliki's jurists have detailed that the father will be punished if he intends to kill his son. Regarding the punishment of the paternal ancestor, the famous Imami jurists consider the paternal ancestor to be attached to the father and do not consider him deserving of retribution. However, in Sunni jurisprudence, some jurists believe that paternal ancestry is not retaliated against, and others, including Hassan ibn Hayy, believe in retaliation for paternal ancestry. Malikiyah is also detailed in the ruling of the ancestor. Regarding the punishment of the mother, the famous Imami jurists believe in the punishment of retribution, but the Sunni jurists believe that the mother is not punished like the father. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - The strategic role of religious teachingsJurisprudence in th prevention and prohibition of corporal punishment of children
mohamad ali badami mohamad mahdi meghdadi marziyeh pilevarStudies and observations show that children have always been the most threatened, harmed and abused. Innocent children who are considered the capital of human society are subjected to violence, physical abuse and, unfortunately, the corporal punishment of corporal punis MoreStudies and observations show that children have always been the most threatened, harmed and abused. Innocent children who are considered the capital of human society are subjected to violence, physical abuse and, unfortunately, the corporal punishment of corporal punishment and violence against children. It is documented as criteria and arguments that show the depth and breadth of this problem. In the international system, any violence and harm to children is prohibited under any title, and it seems that getting rid of the problem of corporal punishment of children in our legal system is based only on finding a proper view of Imami jurisprudence and derived from religious teachings. In this perspective, dignity The child and his / her best interests must be properly observed and any action contrary to the dignity and interests of the child is prohibited. It represents a complete and comprehensive legal and educational system for children, the findings of this study were obtained. The method of data collection is library and in processing data and information collected is a descriptive-analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Examining the powers of the right to discipline the child in Shia jurisprudence and Iran's legal system
sajad elahi karim salehi abas jazaeri farsaniThe right to punishment is an issue that exposes children's rights to danger and abuse in national and transnational spheres.On the other hand, disciplining children and harming the health of the child's body and soul has become an issue that parents and guardians are c MoreThe right to punishment is an issue that exposes children's rights to danger and abuse in national and transnational spheres.On the other hand, disciplining children and harming the health of the child's body and soul has become an issue that parents and guardians are clinging to as a weapon to exercise their own taste and also to abdicate their responsibility.Of course, this issue is not the same everywhere, but providing a model for judicial use in dealing with this phenomenon in general is one of the important issues of children's rights.In this way, by analyzing the descriptions mentioned in the laws of Iran and the United States, followed by the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.The different result and disapproval of the Iranian law was determined from the two conditions of criminal justice, as well as the lack of attention to the legal foundations of this phenomenon.Therefore, it is believed by tradition that the different policy of Article 9 of the Child and Adolescent Protection Law was written without considering the basics of guardianship of the child and did not distinguish between guardians who have guardianship or other guardians.On the other hand, it is very different from the international documents in this field, and it has not mentioned the right to punish from the point of view of discipline, which is mentioned in Article 158 of the Penal Code.While the above-mentioned law has been prescribed in the field of interpretation, which is against the requirement of criminal revision.Therefore, with the mentioned arguments, it is suggested to amend Article 9 of the Protection Law and Article 158 of the Islamic Penal Code. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - An Investigation into the Legal and Legal Dimensions of Marriage with the Childbearing, with Approach to Imam Khomeini's Idea
Mohamad Hadi ِDaraei Mahdi Naser Majid Re RezaeiChildbearing has been and continues to be a socially beneficial institution in all societies. In pre-Islamic Iran, adoption has also taken place. However, adoption in Islam has become obsolete, meaning that you can not have another son, your son, and all the works of th MoreChildbearing has been and continues to be a socially beneficial institution in all societies. In pre-Islamic Iran, adoption has also taken place. However, adoption in Islam has become obsolete, meaning that you can not have another son, your son, and all the works of the real child. On this reason, the civil law does not put childhood in any of the relative affiliations. The special law on this vocabulary has used the term "guardianship" and has sought to adapt the rules of custody to Islamic principles. Following the same compliance with Islamic law, the legislator allowed marriage to a child of the same or the person under guardianship. In the opinion of contemporary jurisprudents including Imam Khomeini, adoptive marriages with the guardian or their descendants have been accepted under conditions. It seems that the purpose of such marriage is not permanent marriage, but temporary marriage, which is only due to the confidentiality of the parties and the possibility of performing other works of marriage as close as possible. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - Investigating the observance of the right to child marriage in Iranian law, with an approach to Islamic jurisprudence
Raziye Fakharzade Abbasali Roohani eftekhar rDaneshpoorThe issue of child marriage is one of the most controversial issues in jurisprudential and legal circles. The present article examines the element of expediency in child marriage by descriptive-analytical method, referring to library sources. Most sects of Islamic relig MoreThe issue of child marriage is one of the most controversial issues in jurisprudential and legal circles. The present article examines the element of expediency in child marriage by descriptive-analytical method, referring to library sources. Most sects of Islamic religions believe that expediency is conditional on the actions of the guardian over the property.Because the ruling on the necessity of the expediency of the guardian's actions towards Molly against himself is governed by the ruling on the permission of all the guardian's possessions in Molly's affairs against himself. Therefore, if the expediency of child marriage is not observed, there are two views; Some believe in the existence of the right of termination for the child at the time of eligibility and some believe in the invalidity of marriage. The theory of invalidity is more correct from the perspective of this research. Also, in order to maintain the envy of the child in this marriage, it is suggested to the legislator to present the certificate of the expert board to determine the existence of expediency in this marriage instead of examining the expediency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - Check Jurisprudence and Legal Guardian of the Child Marriage
Mojde Zafari Mahdi KhodaeiAdoption is a legal institution under which a legal relationship between the spouses or the single guardian is created with the adopted child. In Iran, the law to protect unsupervised children was passed in 1974, and this law with the new title "Law for the Protection MoreAdoption is a legal institution under which a legal relationship between the spouses or the single guardian is created with the adopted child. In Iran, the law to protect unsupervised children was passed in 1974, and this law with the new title "Law for the Protection of Children and Adolescents, Orphans or with Irresponsible Parents" was amended and the former Act was repealed in 2013. According to this law, families without children or single women over thirty years old can adopt children or teens, either orphans or with irresponsible parents, if the conditions prescribed in the Act are provided. licensing the marriage between the guardian and the adopted child expressed in Article 26 of the same law, are Among the defects and problems of this law which are in conflict with the main purpose of this Act, in Article 1, the material and spiritual needs of children and adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Analysis of Punishments of Child from the Perspective of Shiite Jurisprudence
Ehsan Aliakbari Babookani Reza Abaaspor Hossein NaseriShiite jurisprudence is not prohibited the punishment of child ingeneral. But due to certain circumstances, the ban is lifted.However, the preliminary sentence of child punishment is sanctity,only have some exceptions in specific circumstances. Exceptions ofchild punish MoreShiite jurisprudence is not prohibited the punishment of child ingeneral. But due to certain circumstances, the ban is lifted.However, the preliminary sentence of child punishment is sanctity,only have some exceptions in specific circumstances. Exceptions ofchild punishment is under tow general term including discretionarycorrection and correction. Although most of the Islamic scholars didnot separate this two general term in the corporal punishment ofchildren, it seems necessary in some cases to separate these twogroups, because the cases, the conditions and many accessories ofthis tow general term are different and the separation of this towterm haven’t any significant practical results. Moreover, sinceIslamic scholars haven’t argued within the issue, many of the termsand conditions including corporal punishment of children, thequality, level and the persons who have the right of punishment hasnot been investigated in the texts of jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
46 - Penalty of Father in the Child Murder
Aliakbar Ezadifard Muhammad Muhsini Dihkalani Amin YusifiAccording to explicit verses of Quran (Isra', 31; The Cow, 178-179)main penalty for murder is retaliation. But based on Islamicjurisprudence, if the father murders his child, he won’t be retaliatedaccordance to demands of reasons. In this paper, main question iswh MoreAccording to explicit verses of Quran (Isra', 31; The Cow, 178-179)main penalty for murder is retaliation. But based on Islamicjurisprudence, if the father murders his child, he won’t be retaliatedaccordance to demands of reasons. In this paper, main question iswhether reasons of non-murder is assigned to retaliation or divesteddeath penalty from him absolutely (even in the face of other crimesof killing children by parents like attack and war)? For example, ifthe murder of child is in the form of war and corrupting on earth,will the father be sentenced? This issue is reflected less injurisprudential views and the jurists have written about it less.Legislator has been silence in this case too. However, cannot bedenied the generality of this phenomenon in society. Consideringthe above instances and article 167 (The judge is bound to endeavorto judge each case on the basis of the codified law. In case of theabsence of any such law, he has to deliver his judgment on the basisof authoritative Islamic sources and authentic fatawa. He, on thepretext of the silence of or deficiency of law in the matter, or itsbrevity or contradictory nature, cannot refrain from admitting andexamining cases and delivering his judgment) thoroughlyinvestigate the subject seems necessary. The chosen view of authorsin this paper is existence of legitimacy of this penalty relying onreasons and argues and claims. This article reflects the authors’efforts and explaining the chosen theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Theories Concerning the Commencement and Close of Childhood in Islamic Law
Seyd Abolghasem NaghibiInadequate physical, intellectual, and mental growth of a child requiresthe necessity of his extraordinary protection as an undeniable principleadopted in different legal systems. Thus, it is necessary to know thecommencement of childhood which brings about this legal p MoreInadequate physical, intellectual, and mental growth of a child requiresthe necessity of his extraordinary protection as an undeniable principleadopted in different legal systems. Thus, it is necessary to know thecommencement of childhood which brings about this legal protection.Experts in law have raised three theories concerning the commencementof childhood. They are as follows:1. Birth of foetus alive2. Capability to live on its own out of the whomb or in the laboratory3. Formation and development of spermAuthentic and frequently – quoted Hadiths indicate that a foetus bornalive is entitled to inheritance. So the first theory can be established on thegrounds of these Hadiths.Quranic verses and traditions (Hadiths) identify puberty – the stage inwhich sexual organs are capable of reproduction – as the criterion oftermination of childhood. Nevertheless, child’s property should not beentrusted to him after puberty unless his mental qualification (Rushd) isestablished. Thus, mental qualification is also necessary to reach the stage oftermination of childhood in financial affairs Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - Cultural Content Analysis of Films Screened at Roshd International Film Festival in 1397 (Case Study: Children and Adolescent Film Festival)
Seyyedeh Alavieh Noori Abbasali GhaiyoomiAbstractIntroduction & Objective: In this study, the cultural content of films screened at the Roshd International Film Festival in 1397 has been analyzed. The studied films are the selected films of the Children and Adolescent Film Festival.Research Method: This re MoreAbstractIntroduction & Objective: In this study, the cultural content of films screened at the Roshd International Film Festival in 1397 has been analyzed. The studied films are the selected films of the Children and Adolescent Film Festival.Research Method: This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and the method is descriptive-survey (quantitative-qualitative). Data collection tools have been done using the documentary method in the form of library studies and the use of reputable sites that publish articles and research in the field of literature. The statistical population of the studied films consists of children and adolescent films. Accordingly, films have been selected for the audiences of elementary and secondary school. The statistical population for quantitative analysis of research and evaluation of the research items screened in films is composed of reviewers and experts of Roshd International Film Festival.Results: The results show that the average opinions of judges in educational, training, scientific, and cultural factors were 26, 28, 29, and 38, respectively. Therefore, the cultural factor has been considered more in these films than in other cases.Conclusion: The 48th Roshd International Festival could show educational, training, scientific, and especially cultural indicators in children and adolescent cinema and perform its tasks. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Intellectual Development of Children's Culture of programs for children
Zahra khalaji Seyyed Reza Salehi AmiriIntroduction and Objective: This study is intended for cultural identity 7 main index indices, including religious beliefs, values, norms, myths, symbols, cultural heritage and geographical situation of Iran. Methods: The present study is an applied research based on c MoreIntroduction and Objective: This study is intended for cultural identity 7 main index indices, including religious beliefs, values, norms, myths, symbols, cultural heritage and geographical situation of Iran. Methods: The present study is an applied research based on content analysis and description of data collected through questionnaires. Conclusion: It is concluded that in the context of cultural activities focus on religious beliefs, myths, cultural values, heritage, cultural expressions, cultural norms, geography of Iran, religious beliefs, cultural values, myths, heritage, cultural expressions, cultural norms, Iran's geography. Also in the context of Islamic and Iranian stories of religious beliefs, cultural values, myths, heritage, cultural symbols, norms, culture, geography, Iran is discussed. Due to the amount of difference to the respondents, the size of which is composed of managers, experts coaches cultural and artistic and literary than 226 people are that due to the low number of community samples and society alike have been, and the questionnaires were distributed among them that of the total of 162 questionnaires were returned to the researcher. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - providing a comprehensive and desirable management model in order to organizing labor and street's children. (Case study: Tehran)
Mahdieh Soleimani Ebrahim HajianiIntroduction and purpose of the research:In this article, a desirable managerial model for systematizing Tehran's labor and street children is presented. In recent years, the issue of systematizing labor and street children is one of the issues that attracted attention MoreIntroduction and purpose of the research:In this article, a desirable managerial model for systematizing Tehran's labor and street children is presented. In recent years, the issue of systematizing labor and street children is one of the issues that attracted attention of many organizations which work in social areas. In this study, strength and weak points of organizations that are active in this area are examined and it is tried to rightly share responsibility among different organizations regarding their potentials. To achieve this objective, in the first place, concepts such as social welfare, social policy and … are reviewed, then, different organizations' current activities are stated. After that, existing laws are taken into consideration and at the end, a theoretical framework based on comparative studies of successful samples is designed. The design of this framework is based on comprehensive strategic management pattern and matrix approach and includes three main steps: policy- making, implementation and supervision and control. The duty of every organization in every single step is defined. Methodology:For validating the findings, the researcher interviewed with randomly chosen managers, experts and social workers in counseling organizations who worked in Tehran and all were expert at systematizing street and labor children. In the first phase which its aim was identifying working methods, 15 participants were chosen by Non probabilistic sampling and in the second phase which its goal was confirming working methods, 31 participants were randomly chosen. Findings: Based on the results, planning and supervision by mean of 2.68 and after that, leaving the issue (systematizing street and labor children) to NGOs by mean of 2.55 were ranked as the first and second elements in order of their importance respectively. These elements are the most important ones for desirable management and systematizing Tehran's street and labor children. Conclusion:Based on these findings, suggestions were made with the intention of improving current organization of child labor.also a model with regards to division of labor based on starategic management and matrix approach was proposed which includes three major stages (policy making, implimentation and supervison).in each of these stages, missions and roles of interrelated organizations was presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
51 - The role of the “Institute for Intellectual Development of Children” in increasing the creativity level of children
Shahnaz Hashemi Seyed Reza Salehi Amiri Leyla BabakhaniThis article aiming to review the extend to which the education ofcultural activities have in increasing the creativity level of children in the“Institute for Intellectual Development of Children” of Tehran province,analyzes the content of creativity tests o MoreThis article aiming to review the extend to which the education ofcultural activities have in increasing the creativity level of children in the“Institute for Intellectual Development of Children” of Tehran province,analyzes the content of creativity tests of both groups of children who aremembers of these institutes and who are not members of these institutes.These investigations show that children who have regularly attended thecultural activities of the “Institute for Intellectual Development ofChildren” are much more creative than children who do not take part inthese cultural activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
52 - Pathology of the lack of Child Labour Elimination & Presenting a Proper Model
دکتر مراد کردیThis research aims to study the pathology of the lack of child labour elimination &present a proper model to help execute this law. This research recognizes theeconomical factor to be the most effective factor on the execution of law in this regardamong all other fa MoreThis research aims to study the pathology of the lack of child labour elimination &present a proper model to help execute this law. This research recognizes theeconomical factor to be the most effective factor on the execution of law in this regardamong all other factors of organizational & management factor, social factor, legalfactor, and cultural factor. The researcher has studied the scale of Interaction of theaforementioned factors using factor analysis. Using the results, the researcher haspresented a model for the effective factors of child recruitment. To assay his model,the researcher has gathered data from the experts at the council of social affairsthrough a questionnaire. The research results have shown that the economical factor isthe most effective factor on the execution of law in child recruitment and all otherfactors of organizational & management factor, social factor, legal factor, and culturalfactor come after. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
53 - Designing an analytical model of children's tourism attitude towards social development through intangible assets
Mahdi Karoubi Mahmood Ziaee Zohre MohammadiTaking qualitative steps from an early idea to the final results, this study reached a model design. The study sought to discover the perceived motivations of travel and tourism for children through their perceived interests and benefits in their past best travels. The MoreTaking qualitative steps from an early idea to the final results, this study reached a model design. The study sought to discover the perceived motivations of travel and tourism for children through their perceived interests and benefits in their past best travels. The data collection method is a combination of children's thematic painting and a short interview about describing the painting in their own language. The paintings and the text of the interviews were analyzed with thematic content analysis. Children aged 9-12 years old girls and boys were studied in four areas of 1, 3, 4, and 12 in Tehran. Also, the sample was distributed in public and private schools in each district. Totally, 107 paintings were analyzed. The analytical model of children's drawing was designed and applied in a descriptive phase and three analytical phases. The analysis of children's paintings provides an insight into their perception and orientation towards tourism and is an innovative start for research with children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
54 - investigating the criminal laws and regulations on children and adolescents in Iranian law and its effect on reducing social harms
sadegh khademi Ali janipour Karam janipourThe purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of criminal laws and regulations on domestic law and its role in reducing social Harmes. The study population is law students in Yasuj and Shiraz, from which 250 people were selected and according to Cochran's for MoreThe purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of criminal laws and regulations on domestic law and its role in reducing social Harmes. The study population is law students in Yasuj and Shiraz, from which 250 people were selected and according to Cochran's formula, 152 people were studied as a sample size by simple random sampling. The method used in this research is quantitative and a questionnaire. The data obtained from the questionnaire are analyzed using SPSS statistical software at two levels.In the first level, it has been analyzed using descriptive statistical methods (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and in the second level, using inferential statistical methods (one-sample t-test). findings show that strict laws such as imprisonment along with deterrent laws and alternative social punishments can play an important role in reducing social harms. In addition, the Office for the Protection of Children's Rights approved in 1399 is a new idea that can play an important role in reducing social harms if appropriate approvals are implemented. In addition, pre- and post-penal repair mechanisms play an important role in reducing social harms. Efforts to reduce social harm through domestic laws and regulations can also provide an indigenous model for reducing this social problem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
55 - Child friendly Cities care city as a tools of eliminating child deprivation
azadeh hajizadeh Rahim Sarvar abdolreza farajiradToday s city is an environment that in which adults should manage hereditary facilities and talents of children and this is planners who decide where and how to do that. But, managers and urban planners don’t pay enough attention to children and their needs. In th MoreToday s city is an environment that in which adults should manage hereditary facilities and talents of children and this is planners who decide where and how to do that. But, managers and urban planners don’t pay enough attention to children and their needs. In this regard, when there is no attention to children, their software and hard ware needs, so the future of their lives is pndangered. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the child s deprivation in shiraz and the impact of city building elements on moderating the effects of urban deprivation of children. The research methodology of this paper is descrivptive analytical in parallel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
56 - The new urban park design for the development of children's creativity
زینب سادات میرحبیبیان حسینی نسیم اشرافیکودکان و خلاقیت آنان یکی از عوامل بسیار مهم هر جامعه میباشد. یکی از محیطهایی که تاثیر بسیار در سطح پرورش و خلاقیت کودکان دارد، پارکها هستند. در این بین، ایجاد فضاهایی متناسب با ویژگیهای روانشناختی کودکان برای تحقق بخشی به افزایش رشد خلاقیت و تدوین دستورالعمل های خاص برا Moreکودکان و خلاقیت آنان یکی از عوامل بسیار مهم هر جامعه میباشد. یکی از محیطهایی که تاثیر بسیار در سطح پرورش و خلاقیت کودکان دارد، پارکها هستند. در این بین، ایجاد فضاهایی متناسب با ویژگیهای روانشناختی کودکان برای تحقق بخشی به افزایش رشد خلاقیت و تدوین دستورالعمل های خاص برای ارائه خدمات به کودکان است...در این پژوهش، ضمن بررسی عوامل موثر بر افزایش و رشد خلاقیت کودکان سعی بر پیشنهاد طراحی مناسب برای پارکها در جهت این ارتقای میباشد. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش، به صورت تحلیلی توصیفی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه ای و مصاحبه می باشد.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
57 - Effects of Environmental Psychology on the Design of a Care Center for Homeless Children in Order to Mitigate Urban Harm
Dorsa Faghihi Vahedane FooladiIntroduction and Objective: The significance of employing an environmental psychology approach in the development of a care facility for orphaned children comes from its ability to mitigate urban harm. This research investigates the use of an environmental psychology me MoreIntroduction and Objective: The significance of employing an environmental psychology approach in the development of a care facility for orphaned children comes from its ability to mitigate urban harm. This research investigates the use of an environmental psychology method in the design of a care facility for orphaned children. The main goal is to mitigate the adverse impacts of urban environments on these children and address the consequences of inadequate care.Method: This study employed a descriptive-analytical approach to determine the mental and psychological features of children, with a specific focus on the extent to which environmental psychology influences the level of harm in urban areas. It also features a library method to investigate the literature related to its structure based on written documentation.Results: This study involved the identification of an appropriate environment with specific physical measures based on relevant literature, scholarly publications, and expert opinions.Conclusion: The results of this research demonstrate that implementing an environmental psychology approach in designing care centers for orphaned children can contribute to mitigating urban harm and promoting the overall growth and development of these children. The findings suggest that incorporating diverse, visually appealing graphic designs within the care center environment not only improves its aesthetic appeal and triggers positive emotions in children but also contributes to the enhancement of their mental and spiritual well-being. Consequently, the establishment of open areas inside the premises of a care center could serve as a catalyst for promoting outdoor engagement among children, enhancing their physical activity levels. Furthermore, the establishment of appropriate physical environments that facilitate teamwork and persistent engagement can effectively enhance children's sense of solidarity and social connectedness. Eventually, the implementation of an environmental psychology approach in the design of a care center has the potential to improve the psychological and emotional well-being of the children as well as enhance their physical health and vitality. Additionally, this method may encourage a sense of solidarity and social connectedness among the children while also minimizing the adverse impacts of urbanization on society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
58 - Providing of optimal strategies for creating environmental security for children with a focus on Indicators of the desirable urban space for children (Case study: Udlajan neighborhood)
Roya Eghbal Moghaddam Majid ZareyiChildren, as one of the most sensitive sectors of society, lost their place in the development of cities, and instead of being in urban spaces, they were sentenced to home space due to numerous barriers, including insecurity. Therefore, the present research tries to dra MoreChildren, as one of the most sensitive sectors of society, lost their place in the development of cities, and instead of being in urban spaces, they were sentenced to home space due to numerous barriers, including insecurity. Therefore, the present research tries to draw up strategies for the desirable children's spaces by extracting effective indicators. The research method is analytical-descriptive and information is obtained through library resources and field research. At the end, theoretical notions of research were carried out on the context (Udlajan neighborhood) and by analyzing the data with respect to the obtained indicators, the applied policies and strategies were presented. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between the use of Udlajan neighborhood urban spaces and the creation of security for children. Due to its historical identity, Udlajan context also has potential for the presence of children, which can be exploited using the applied strategies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
59 - Explaining the Role of Urban Spaces in Improving the Child's Interaction with the Environment with Emphasis on Creativity and Sense of Attachment
elham ataei Siamak Panahi Shohreh alipourIntroduction and purpose: designing urban spaces for children is to create social environments for children. This research explains the role of urban spaces in promoting the child with the environment and seeks to find components in the urban space that will accompany t MoreIntroduction and purpose: designing urban spaces for children is to create social environments for children. This research explains the role of urban spaces in promoting the child with the environment and seeks to find components in the urban space that will accompany the child's education. Research method: This research is a descriptive analysis based on analytical content and a survey method was used to achieve research findings and a sense of attachment was obtained by comparative comparison between the characteristics of the study samples and content analysis. Findings: In this research, a suitable space with the desired physical parameters and the preparation of targeted checklists were considered to measure children's behavior, which were analyzed according to the attitude of experts and the information obtained from Spss22 software and statistical tests. Then, using the chi-square method, a research model was developed based on the relationships between the variables. Conclusion: The results of the research show that the most important factors influencing the increase of children's creativity are creating opportunities for positive social interactions of children in the environment, creating a space to display individual competencies in interacting with the environment, creating a sense of attachment to the environment, teaching care for the environment, Creating flexible paths for imagination and creativity, safety and comfort in the play space as tools for education and creativity in children, which should be considered by urban managers, designers and architects in the design of children's urban spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
60 - Evaluation of user interface of Iranian Children National Library in terms of meeting general and specialized criteria
Mohammad Hassanzadeh Sara sohrabzadehPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the Children's National Digital Library of I. R. Iran. We strived to evaluate the user interface (UI) of the library with “general criteria for evaluating digital libraries” that have been extracted by Noruzi (2009) and MorePurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the Children's National Digital Library of I. R. Iran. We strived to evaluate the user interface (UI) of the library with “general criteria for evaluating digital libraries” that have been extracted by Noruzi (2009) and functionalities of the library by special criteria extracted by researchers. Method: The study used an evaluative document study method. The researcher used to compare the user interface and core functionalities of the library against extracted criteria. Findings: Findings of the study showed that conformation rate of the Library's interface with the general criteria was 28/62 percent and this account for general and special criteria was 91/90 percent. Results: Combining the obtained results in evaluation of user interface from the viewpoints of public and special evaluating criteria, the National Library of Children and Adolescent have suitably operated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
61 - Evaluation of Additional Services of Public Libraries of Tehran and Their Role in Promoting Reading among the Youth
Maryam Kaki Hamid R. Jamali Leila MaktabifardPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional services offered in public libraries of Tehran affiliated to the Iran Public Libraries Foundation. The study also sought to determine the role of these services in promoting library membership and reading amo MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional services offered in public libraries of Tehran affiliated to the Iran Public Libraries Foundation. The study also sought to determine the role of these services in promoting library membership and reading among the youth. Method: The study was a mixed-method one. The research population comprised 38 public libraries in Tehran. Using a questionnaire, a 150 young children were selected and interviews were conducted with the managers of 38 libraries . A checklist was also used to collect the data concerning the type of services offered in libraries. Findings: The results showed that different types of additional services were offered in the public libraries including teaching Qoran, reading and painting competitions, story writing, book fairs, film and cartoon screening, music performance and storytelling. Most of the advertising were done through the schools. The most popular services were teaching Qoran, film screening, music performance and painting competitions. The most satisfactory services were teaching Qoran. Conclusion: Some of the barriers in offering these services were the lack of trained staff, lack of budget and facilities. Most librarians maintained that additional services were effective in absorbing children to libraries. Overall, the level of additional services in public libraries was not satisfactory Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
62 - Evaluation of libraries of Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults in west Azerbaijan and its compatibility with IFLA guideline
Darioushi Matlabi Heliai Soltanabadi Saeedi GhaffariPurpose: The main purpose of this study is to determine situation of libraries of Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults in west Azerbaijan and its compatibility with IFLA guideline. Methodology: Descriptive- survey method was used as a MorePurpose: The main purpose of this study is to determine situation of libraries of Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults in west Azerbaijan and its compatibility with IFLA guideline. Methodology: Descriptive- survey method was used as a research method and all libraries of Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults in west Azerbaijan was studies as population of research. Research made questionnaire was used for gathering data. Finding: Finding shows the appropriate space, decoration and painting of libraries are tailored to the interests of children and young adults; and compatible with IFLA guideline. Librarians interest to learn new skills and improve their abilities in computer fields that this is compatible with IFLA guideline. Librarians of 22 libraries are familiar with children literature and providing services to the children with 7-11 and 12-17 years old. All of libraries provide education and reference services for the children and creative programs, storytelling, book reading and book review meeting too. Most participants in the selection of materials were manager of libraries. Value/ Originality: Survey of researches show many of researches have done in educational and special libraries and their capabilities with IFLA standard and there is not any research about libraries of Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults. So, the result of this study shall be useful for Children and Young Adults libraries, Schools libraries, and also libraries of Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
63 - Content analysis of the illustration of children story books: primary school age groups during 80
Zohreh Mirhossieni Zahra Abazari Fatemeh MadaniPurpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the children`s story books illustration during 80`s. Four factors are analyzed in this research:1. Appearance 2. Relation between illustration & content 3. Relation between illustration & primary school childre MorePurpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the children`s story books illustration during 80`s. Four factors are analyzed in this research:1. Appearance 2. Relation between illustration & content 3. Relation between illustration & primary school children needs 4. Quality of illustrations. Method: The research method is conceptual content analysis. The criteria of The Children Book Council and The Children & Young Adult Intellectual Center are adopted in this research. According to the criteria, a checklist is prepared. On the whole, 335 books during decade 80's, were accidentally analyzed by the checklist. Findings: The findings show that, the first factor (Appearance) with 55.38% were in good conditions & 30.7% were not good enough.The second factor (Relation between illustration & content) with 70% were in good relations & 2% were not good enough.The third factor (Relation between illustration &children needs) with 60.3% were in good relations & 16% were not good enough.The fourth factor (quality of illustrations) with 44.73% were in good quality and 27% were not good enough. Conclusions: According to the findings, the published books of 80's for primary school children had a good status regarding appearances and their relation with the needs. The relation between the content & the illustrations was considered, but the quality of the illustration was less considered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
64 - Studying the role of Persian Subject Headings in retrieving the children information resources from the Perspective of Librarians of Hamadan Province public libraries
Saeid Latifi Atefeh zarei Saeed GhaffariPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of subject headings librarians in public libraries of the province hamedan­'s resource recovery based on three components: the reader needs, unity subject of language issues. Methodology: The research metho MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of subject headings librarians in public libraries of the province hamedan­'s resource recovery based on three components: the reader needs, unity subject of language issues. Methodology: The research method and survey method is applied. The questionnaire is self-made. The study population consisted of 40 public librarian’s province that holds the Knowledge and Information Science. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation were used numerical indicators, to test the research hypotheses, one sample t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z was used and Cronbach's alpha 0/987. This questionnaire librarians in 3 specialization of subject headings principles include the need for the reader, the assessment of the unity of subject and language issues. Findings: The findings indicate that the subject headings, thematic unity (3/29) and language issues with (2/80) and need reader (2/79), the highest average and role in their children's recovery resources. Conclusion: The results showed that the hypothesis of the role of subject headings in children is very low recovery and use of its resources in this resource According to understanding the baby's bottom with positive feedback Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
65 - Explaining the optimal functions of environment in terms of socializing educational and cultural centers for adolescents (Case Study of the Center for the Intellectual Development of Children and Adolescents)
paniz molavi nojoumi Sara Jalalian omid dejdarBackground and Objective: Adolescents need the most basic environmental features, namely the need for social power in the environment The purpose of this study is to investigate physical, non-physical and perceptual characteristics to explain the optimal environmental a MoreBackground and Objective: Adolescents need the most basic environmental features, namely the need for social power in the environment The purpose of this study is to investigate physical, non-physical and perceptual characteristics to explain the optimal environmental affordances in order to obtain maximum socialization in adolescent educational and cultural settings.. Methods: This is a descriptive-analytic study carried out in two sections. The first part deals with theoretical framework with a qualitative approach, reviewing the theoretical foundations of the research. The second part uses a qualitative-qualitative approach and case study method in combination with factor analysis of a large number of variables using SPSS and Smart PLS software to examine the results of the questionnaire. Five Likert scale questionnaires have been developed based on the theoretical framework indicators. Findings: Social spaces are among the ones' and bodies that provide the focus for dynamic activities in certain parts. According to the following six factors, "physical", "non-physical", "personality", "social", "cultural" and "emotional" as the capabilities of each environment, The analyzes showed that in the field of environmental capability, four factors were important (physical, personality, social and emotional) in order to socialize adolescent environments, which demonstrates the provision of peripheral- personality capabilities of these group of individuals. Discussion and Conclusion: the results showed that physical environmental capability is as the most effective factor that it can be expected to increase the socialization of adolescents in cultural-educational spaces with the least change. According to the paths extracted from the PLS model, the path to social capital factors having the highest path coefficient (0.516) is the critical one of the conceptual model of socialization among others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
66 - Explaining the Principles of Environmental Designing Effectively on Student Learning in Elementary Schools (Case Study: Rasht Elementary Schools)
Houra Foroud kamal rahbarimanesh sheida khansari Hossein SoltanzadehBackground and Objectives: Understanding how a learning environment works effectively is essential to designing an architectural environment. Effective learning environment is an environment that, along with other factors that influence children's education, such as cur MoreBackground and Objectives: Understanding how a learning environment works effectively is essential to designing an architectural environment. Effective learning environment is an environment that, along with other factors that influence children's education, such as curriculum, teachers, etc. has an important impact on child education. The physical environment does not actually change the behavior, but it can affect the learning process. Therefore, in this study, we explain these principles and their relationship with learning.Method: The present study is an applied one and a survey method. The statistical population of this study is elementary school teachers in Rasht, 300 of whom were selected by random sampling. The KMO index in this study was 0.939 which indicates the adequacy of the samples. Confirmatory factor analysis and regression were used to analyze the data.Findings: The results show that there is a direct and significant relationship between architectural system factors including: flexibility, light and nature and learning system factors including: fundamental, behavioral and motivational factors, most of which related to the effect of nature factor with regression coefficient 0.610, which can increase children's motivation for purpose and vitality, which are effective factors in promoting learning.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the research confirm the impacts of designing and adjusting the environment on children's learning. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the environment is considered as an important factor in the creation of learning contexts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
67 - Explanation and comparison of Affecting Indices in Satisfaction of the Boys and Girls Aged 11 to 15 Years Old of Newly Built Residential Complexes (Case Study: Tonekabon Residential Townships)
mozhde sayadi sara shariatiBackground and Objective: Housing has various indices such as psychological, physical, personal, social, etc. These indices affect people's satisfaction with their residential complexes by two variables, age and gender. Nowadays, the construction of residential complexe MoreBackground and Objective: Housing has various indices such as psychological, physical, personal, social, etc. These indices affect people's satisfaction with their residential complexes by two variables, age and gender. Nowadays, the construction of residential complexes that do not fit the conditions of the users has caused people to be dissatisfied with their place of residence, which occurs in children in the form of psychological problems. Therefore, in designing residential complexes, paying attention to children's satisfaction is essential. In the present study, the identification and comparison of effecting indices in children's satisfaction with residential complexes disaggregated by gender is considered. Material and Methodology: This study is a developmental research which has been done using mixed (qualitative and quantitative), descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative method. The statistical population includes children aged 11-15 years living in residential complexes of Kaj, Karimabad and Aramesh newly built townships located in Tonekabon city. For a comparative evaluation, 100 girls and 100 boys were selected as the sample. After conducting theoretical studies and interviews with children, a theoretical framework was developed and two closed-ended and Likert scale questionnaires in the field of life satisfaction and important components of housing were used to collect information. Findings were analyzed using SPSS.19 software and Pearson, Friedman and T-Student correlation tests. Findings: Physical (neighboring unit and residential unit), environmental and individual indices based on the concrete and mental dimensions of the environment were identified with impact factors of 50.06, 6.9, 6.45 and 4.00, respectively. Boys and girls disagreed only in the components of recreational, sports and games and also the components of welfare, service, cultural and commercial with averages of 3.45, 3.36 and 2.66, 2.75, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, there are very slight differences between the opinions of children in two sexes and the concrete-neighboring unit index has the greatest impact on their satisfaction. Therefore, designing the factors such as: suitable facade, yard, green space and various vegetation, environmental elements and furniture, open spaces, friendly and collective spaces, etc. is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
68 - Identifying of influential components on management and planning of a safe urban environment with emphasis on the child-friendly city approach (Case study: Tehran metropolis)
narges shahmiri Mozhgan Zaeimdar Roxana Mooguei saeed malmasiBackground and Objective: Urban spaces play a unique role in meeting the social and individual needs of children. In this regard, given that children are considered the creators of the next generations; proper p planning and design of the urban environment suitable for MoreBackground and Objective: Urban spaces play a unique role in meeting the social and individual needs of children. In this regard, given that children are considered the creators of the next generations; proper p planning and design of the urban environment suitable for children's lives is very important in moving the human society towards a healthy and desirable society. For this purpose, the present study was written with the aim of identifying the influential components on management and planning of a safe urban environment with emphasis on the child-friendly city approach in Tehran metropolis. Material and Methodology: The research method is applied in terms of purpose and analytical and exploratory in nature, and data analysis has been done using Delphi method (15 elites and managers) and application of cross-impact analysis technique in Micmac software. Findings: The findings show that the most effective among the investigated components in the direction of safe urban environment management and planning with emphasis on the child-friendly city approach in Tehran metropolis is related to components of rules of respect for children's views (application and integration of children's views in urban planning and design in terms of various physical, mental and behavioral aspects), the right to life and maximum child development (suitable legal measures to reduce urban pollution) and environmental quality (suitability of sidewalks and streets for use by children). Discussion and Conclusion: Considering the current situation and the lack of key and strategic components affecting on development of system, the future of management and planning of a safe urban environment with emphasis on the approach of child-friendly city will be undesirable in Tehran metropolis. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
69 - Principles and strategies of landscape design of primary schools based on improving adaptive behavior
maryamsadat razavipour farhang mozafar zeinab talebiBackground & Objective: Exceptional schools which accept children with special educational needs, including children with intellectual disabilities, should regard educational goals and meet their specific physical and mental needs in school building design .one of t MoreBackground & Objective: Exceptional schools which accept children with special educational needs, including children with intellectual disabilities, should regard educational goals and meet their specific physical and mental needs in school building design .one of the most important one is improving adaptive skills. This study seeks to find criteria for landscape design of exceptional schools, in order to prepare children with intellectual disability for independent living, by improving their adaptive skills. Material and Methodology:The method used in this research is qualitative-quantitative and is based on Delphi type of exploratory research .Correlation test and multiple linear regression was used to test the research hypotheses. Based on the aims and hypotheses of the research, architectural solutions were asked from the architects and after achieving the most important strategies, in order to ensure the accuracy of the data, a survey was conducted and teachers in special schools were asked if the solutions improve adaptive skills. Findings: design of simulated spaces with community, home-like school environment, accessibility, participatory spaces, paly ful spaces, attention to the color, form, material are the principles should be regarded in landscape design of special schools. Discussion and conclusion: Regarding these principles, provide such an environment which encourage participation and communication, direct connection with nature, sensory stimulating by color, music, texture, and the possibility of group games and as the result of the activities occur, adaptive skills will increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
70 - Pragmatic of Nurturing the Naturalistic Intelligence Approach for Designing a Child’s Park
Roya Rezaei Nasab Nasim Sahraei Nejad Hossein Moosavi fatemi Alireza GharagozluIn a period that accessibility to the natural environments for people is constantly diminished in urban areas, the design of a space that could respond the human’s need to have relationship with nature specially for children, have an important role on mental and c MoreIn a period that accessibility to the natural environments for people is constantly diminished in urban areas, the design of a space that could respond the human’s need to have relationship with nature specially for children, have an important role on mental and character aspects of people and also the cultivation of nature and environmental protection. According to the Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory, naturalistic intelligence is one of the nine types of intelligence in children which is depend on child’s relation to the nature. In fact, the Nature Experience Principle by children and the necessity of planning for creating spaces in order to develop this experience especially for urbanite children, is an opportunity for increasing this relationship. The aim of this paper is to present the principles and criteria for designing a child's park for nurturing naturalistic intelligence. This research is an applied and qualitative research, which through an analytical and descriptive approach, investigates the views and opinions of scholars and the relationships between them. Data in this research are collected through library studies which are analyzed by document analysis technic. After introducing the characteristics and demand of children specially aged 6 to 12 years, present the factors influencing nurturing naturalistic intelligence in children, then principles and legislation for designing play grounds are summed up. Finally according to Nature Experience and other studies, some patterns for designing child’s park matches for children’s demand in order to nurturing their naturalistic intelligence are proposed. The results of this research, will provide the opportunity for making decisions for increasing the relationship between a child and nature and also establishment the culture of respecting to nature and protecting environment in urban spaces from childhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
71 - A comparative study of the two-story rabbit intelligent story of Joseph and Wolf and Hare effect Mustafa Abdel Tawab effect Rahmandoust
Ahmad Omidali esmail eslamiFiction has a very important role in the development of children's personality. Children through stories and good stories, discover the many moral values. Through analyzing the elements of the story children can be helped to improve the quality of this kind of literary MoreFiction has a very important role in the development of children's personality. Children through stories and good stories, discover the many moral values. Through analyzing the elements of the story children can be helped to improve the quality of this kind of literary writers in order to most effectively rely on the strengths of the elements of the story. The aim of this research in the first phase, introduction to children's literature, and introduce these two important writer and Iranian, Egyptian, Youssef Mustafa Abdel Tawab Rahmandoust and also introduce elements of the story and the story of the clever rabbit and the wolf and rabbit effect Egyptian writer Iranian author's work. To achieve this goal, the analytical method used. The result of this was that the two writers in the field of art and story elements are similar and the difference between them is very small.Keywords: Story elements, Mostafa Rahmandoust, Yousef Abdel Tawab, children's literature, comparative literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
72 - THE EXPRESSION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF THE CHILDREN IN IRANIAN AND EUROPEAN LITERATURE
Zahra Abazi Elahe KhosraviThe present article is a content analysis of the children’s story books and studies the extent to which these books consider the psychological problems of the children. Problems such as aggressive behavior, lack of self-confidence, fear and distress. The MoreThe present article is a content analysis of the children’s story books and studies the extent to which these books consider the psychological problems of the children. Problems such as aggressive behavior, lack of self-confidence, fear and distress. The article also compares these problems as reflected in Iranian and European books while giving a definition of the children’s literature and its aims and objectives. The sample studied includes fifty one books published between the years 1375 to 1385 by Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults. The conclusive results show that the problem of lacking self-confidence has been pointed out more than other mentioned problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
73 - A Brief Look at Children's Educational Literature, Similarities and Differences with Germany
Pooneh Qaem Doust Masoud SalamiAlthough the children's Educational Literature seems to be a brand new lexicon and was not of priority for ancestors, the children's trace on the related issues – in the past or present – is obvious and apparent. The view points on today's Iran and oth MoreAlthough the children's Educational Literature seems to be a brand new lexicon and was not of priority for ancestors, the children's trace on the related issues – in the past or present – is obvious and apparent. The view points on today's Iran and other countries literature is beholden of literary and logical scholars' views. The aim of the present paper is to study the formation and manifestation of educational system since ancient eras as well as the common issues in German and Persian children's literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
74 - Implementation of Investigation of children's on the works of Nader Ebrahimi and Lina kilani
Omid Majd Mirot SalmanThis paper studies and compares the methods of story writing of Nader Ebrahimi and Lina Kilani, the wellknown Syrian writer, in children literature. In the following, this paper explains the abstracts of two stories from Nader Ebrahimi and Lina Kilani (when someone talk MoreThis paper studies and compares the methods of story writing of Nader Ebrahimi and Lina Kilani, the wellknown Syrian writer, in children literature. In the following, this paper explains the abstracts of two stories from Nader Ebrahimi and Lina Kilani (when someone talks, how will be their shape? – cloth of a doll called Selmi respectively) and criticize them based on the mentioned standards. It is noteworthy that this paper derived from a master's degree dissertation investigating all stories written by both writers, and the results of the paper adopted from all their works. Due to the scope of it, this paper only investigates one work of each writer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
75 - A Comparative Survey on Samad Behrangi and Shel Silverstein’s Writings
Nastaran NosratzādeganThe present article first surveys the general concepts of comparative literature and its principles and then works on the themes of Behrangi- Iranian children’s writer- and Silverstein’s writings-American children’s writer. Differences a MoreThe present article first surveys the general concepts of comparative literature and its principles and then works on the themes of Behrangi- Iranian children’s writer- and Silverstein’s writings-American children’s writer. Differences and similarities of these two writers, their different times and places of living, and the characters they use in their writings have been surveyed in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
76 - An Analysis on Satire Fundamentals in Shahram Shafiei and Saeed Hashemi Works Based on Ivan Fonagy's Satire Theory
Mahdokht Pour Khaleqi Chatroudi Alireza Sezavar Maryam Jalali azam A'EstajiSince the most important characteristic of Shahram Shafiei and Saeed Hashemi works is satire and Ivan Fonagy's satire theory is capable to be studied in literary works, the present article some works by the abovementioned authors are analyzed. Ivan Fonagy owns various i MoreSince the most important characteristic of Shahram Shafiei and Saeed Hashemi works is satire and Ivan Fonagy's satire theory is capable to be studied in literary works, the present article some works by the abovementioned authors are analyzed. Ivan Fonagy owns various ideas in children and young field which can be gathered in thirteen components. The results show that Safiei is skilled in creating standard deviation through its variaties. Hashemi also formulates the ambiguiieties in deep structure and surface structure and applies them frequently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
77 - Comparative Study on Educational Opinions by Imam Sadeq and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Abbas Rahbari Hossein Khosravi Sohrab Eslami Ali ElhamiThe present research studies and surveys educational opinions by Imam Sadeq and Jean-Jacques Rousseau as case studies. It cites valid historical and traditional sources by applying descriptive – analytical and librarian method. The outcomes of the research show th MoreThe present research studies and surveys educational opinions by Imam Sadeq and Jean-Jacques Rousseau as case studies. It cites valid historical and traditional sources by applying descriptive – analytical and librarian method. The outcomes of the research show that Imam Sadeq opinions relates first and second Hijri centuries and are older than Jean-Jacques Rousseau's, unfortunately are not paid much attention by education researchers and pass them temporarily, western scholars became familiar with Islamic views after translation of Arabic books to Latin. It is possible that Imam Sadeq's ideas were studied by western educators; because there are some similarities between Imam Sadeq's ideas and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's; that's why it is guessed he has adopted Imam Sadeq's ideas in some cases although he did not mention such issue in his writings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
78 - A Comparative Study of the Musical Structure of Arabic and Persian Children's Poetry
Javad Garjami adel azaddel Maryam SalimiToday, children's literature and poetry and its position in the collection of literary subjects, has attracted the attention of many writers and experts in this field. Creating pleasure from prose or poetry is the beginning of establishing a poet or writer relationship MoreToday, children's literature and poetry and its position in the collection of literary subjects, has attracted the attention of many writers and experts in this field. Creating pleasure from prose or poetry is the beginning of establishing a poet or writer relationship with the child. In the meantime, poetry is very attractive for children due to its musical structure and melodicity and creating listening pleasure. Children's poetry has a special position in terms of language, structure, weight and theme, and like other types of literature, it has certain structural components that distinguish it from adult poetry. In this article, in order to compare qualitatively, while analyzing its most important components, the position of children's poetry music in the formation of children's poetry language has been explained. Findings show that the musical structure of children's poetry as one of the important components of language, due to its objective and tangible presence has a great role in conveying the content of poetry to the child's audience and this can ultimately be the link between the child and the text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
79 - Educational Obligation of Parents towards their Children from the Perspective of the Holy Quran
Mohammad Razeghi Ahmad Ali Foroughi Abri Jahanbakhsh Rahmani Wali Allah MalakootifarThis study is conducted to find out what educational obligations parents have towards their children from the perspective of the Holy Quran so that they can guide their children towards achieving human perfection that was focusedon extracting and scientifically explaini MoreThis study is conducted to find out what educational obligations parents have towards their children from the perspective of the Holy Quran so that they can guide their children towards achieving human perfection that was focusedon extracting and scientifically explaining important concepts related to the subject by referring to Quranic principles. The research method in this research is qualitative with the content analysis approach or "transcendental logical analysis method". Content analysis of the system of deductive categories is conducted using documents and information required by written sources and views and theories of scholars and thinkers, especially Islamic educational and ethical issues by library tools through taking notes. Based on the findings, it can be said that from the perspective of the Holy Quran, the most essential educational component is the educational responsibility of parents towards their children by recognizing certain Qur'anic examples, methods and educational goals and practicing it so that families and society reach peace and destination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
80 - Explanation of Parental tutelage in Deepening the Religious Beliefs of Children by Quranic Approach
Atefeh Sohani Ali Amiri Ghaemi Najmeh Vakili Khalil AhangaranThe importance of education and concepts transfer in childhood era is obvious to everyone. The present research which has been done in descriptive and library method, intends to express and clarify the parents role in deepening the religious beliefs of children. The mai MoreThe importance of education and concepts transfer in childhood era is obvious to everyone. The present research which has been done in descriptive and library method, intends to express and clarify the parents role in deepening the religious beliefs of children. The main part of the author's data has been gathered in library method and by searching the findings of others in order to complete and confirming the information through interview by religious experts in different aspects. Role model method, kindness, encouragement and storytelling are the most effective Quranic methods which supports parents and teachers in Institutionalization the religious educations in children and teenagers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
81 - Proliferation, Causes, and Consequences in the Qur'an
seyyed mohammad razavi Abstract PROLIFERATION is indeed the increasing ambition, dominance and outshining others in gathering wealth and multiplicity of children and other worldly attachments, and a wide range of Hadiths and verses is devoted to this human sense. If this insatiable s More Abstract PROLIFERATION is indeed the increasing ambition, dominance and outshining others in gathering wealth and multiplicity of children and other worldly attachments, and a wide range of Hadiths and verses is devoted to this human sense. If this insatiable sense of human isn’t put on the right way and is not controlled, it causes a hard and unpleasant end for human and ruins the wealth of the life and carries a lot of pain and suffering with it. PROLIFERATION and increasing ambition and outshining others are of the biggest factors in the decline and neglect of man's mind to God, defiance of the commandments and neglect of religion and faith and of avoiding divine taboo. This paper tries to present a clear picture of this subject and study its causes and effects and consequences of this human behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
82 - Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency in Quran Learnings
Mohammad Sadeq Chavoshi Hadi Keramati MoezSome children are more exposed to be victims rather than other children because of their special conditions in their families. Recognizing these children is by people, family members or their school’s reports to the organizations which should be founded and manage MoreSome children are more exposed to be victims rather than other children because of their special conditions in their families. Recognizing these children is by people, family members or their school’s reports to the organizations which should be founded and managed by donors; these places may be effective solutions to prevent children’s being victims. Consequently supporting children is such important which selling their properties should be done by their guardians’ permission; if the guardian does not consider child’s benefits, he should be discharged. On the other hand one of the Quran’s learnings is to recognize, care and supporting vulnerable children. This article intends to point out and express some of the mentioned supports stated in Quran Verses and traditions; some Verses contain policies and solutions to prevent juvenile delinquency or being victims as weak type of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
83 - Custody of an illegitimate child from the perspective of jurisprudence and law in verses and hadiths
Majid Reza Kamali Baniani Davood Nasiran Seyed Mohammad Hadi MahdaviThe main basis of jurisprudential and legal issues regarding child custody is derived from the verses and hadiths that have reached us. The custody of illegitimate children, based on these verses and hadiths and the opinions of earlier jurists, and especially with refer MoreThe main basis of jurisprudential and legal issues regarding child custody is derived from the verses and hadiths that have reached us. The custody of illegitimate children, based on these verses and hadiths and the opinions of earlier jurists, and especially with reference to the prophetic hadith "Alvalad Lelfarash Va Lelahar Al-Hajar", due to the denial of their origin (both customary and religious), along with other related provisions (such as guardianship, alimony, etc.) have also been discarded. Considering that due to change in the context of the situation of different periods and in the interest of the child and society, the opinions of jurists have also changed and have been subject to changes in parallel with environmental-social changes; Therefore, it is necessary to examine the opinions of contemporary jurists with the relevant rulings in the verses and hadiths quoted in the opinions of earlier jurists. The results of this study show that matters such as custody, guardianship, alimony, etc., were not the responsibility of the libertine; But with the changes that have taken place in the context of society and relying on the teachings of Imam Khomeini (ra) and, consequently, the views of the unity of the current judicial procedure, most of the duties of parents (except inheritance), regarding the legitimate child has been extended to the illegitimate child, and newer considerations have been made on some issues. The research method was analytical-descriptive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
84 - A Comparative Study of Child Abuse and Sexual Crimes from Quran, Common Law and International Documents’ Viewpoint
Sahar Zargarian Hassan Shafi’eePaying attention to children's rights is not only a matter of today's society, but also in Islam, children's rights have been considered in similar cases. In this article, it is intend to explore child exploitation and sexual crimes in international conventions in MorePaying attention to children's rights is not only a matter of today's society, but also in Islam, children's rights have been considered in similar cases. In this article, it is intend to explore child exploitation and sexual crimes in international conventions in accordance with the Holy Quran and the common laws of Iran. By anticipating the rights of children and adolescents and their urgent need to basic humanistic support, today international documents and domestic laws have tried to criminalize any child abuse; the Quran has focused on various manifestations of child abuse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
85 - Ways to increase peace in the Qur'an and the Islamic lifestyle and its effect on raising children
Yousef Faraji Jafar Sadegh Yousefi Narenj HosseinzadehPeace is one of the most basic human needs and it is emphasized in Islam, and stressors and anxiety are among the basic and inseparable issues and problems of human societies and consequences caused by it lead to the loss of peace and it is the main causes of physical d MorePeace is one of the most basic human needs and it is emphasized in Islam, and stressors and anxiety are among the basic and inseparable issues and problems of human societies and consequences caused by it lead to the loss of peace and it is the main causes of physical diseases. Today, human beings are suffering from various family phenomena and failures, and this is when the comfort gained from the advancement of technology and technology has reduced the capacity and the disappearance of the factors of human peace. In such a case, enjoying the characteristics that increase peace is one of the obligations to increase peace, having and acting on such characteristics that its owners have more peace. In the Qur'an, having such attributes is commanded to achieve peace, so investigating such an issue is very important in order to achieve peace. This article, with a Quranic-narrative approach by studying religious books and texts, has studied and analyzed the role of increasing peace in raising children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
86 - A Comparative Study of Educational Concepts in Children's Diwan of Ahmed Shawqi and Soleiman Al-Issa
Alireza Hosseini Batool AliniaThe present research is carried out in the comparative literature framework and intends to compare some of the common educational concepts in children's diwan of Ahmad Showghi and Suleiman Al-Issa in comparative literature the framework by relying on their poems; since MoreThe present research is carried out in the comparative literature framework and intends to compare some of the common educational concepts in children's diwan of Ahmad Showghi and Suleiman Al-Issa in comparative literature the framework by relying on their poems; since children's literature is one of the significant sections in the literature of any nation, so it is important to address it. In this research, these questions are answered: What are the common educational concepts in the children's diwan of two poets and also what is the reason for the conceptual differences between the poems of the two poets? Both poets seem to have been influenced by their society, and therefore the common meanings of their poems stem from their concerns. Suleiman al-Issa also deals with the influence of new literary currents on the subject of entertainment, while Showghi pays attention to the details of moral education. The results show that both poets pay attention to educational concepts and in addition to the conceptual differences in their poems, we can point to the common concepts of their poetries such as moral and social values, freedom, patriotism and independence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
87 - children's literature; Between literary pleasure and the development of Islamic culture A study of the stories of Tariq Al-Bakri as an example
Boshrasadat MirghaderiAbstract: Children's literature is the part of literature that addresses children and adolescents and is classified on the basis of the age of the audience. It is a type of literary art that includes stories, books, magazines and poems written specifically for children. MoreAbstract: Children's literature is the part of literature that addresses children and adolescents and is classified on the basis of the age of the audience. It is a type of literary art that includes stories, books, magazines and poems written specifically for children. Although this literary genre focuses on consolidating literature in its manifestations in the child and feeding it with literary food; it has another task, which is to develop values and culture when addressing him. Literature and culture are the wings of a bird that flies in a child’s imagination through stories, poems and books.This study seeks to show the readiness of children’s literature to demonstrate moral values and the development of Islamic culture in children. To reach this end, it studied the works of the famous writer on children’s literature; Tariq Al-Bakri, and focused on the cultural and moral dimension in his stories, concluding that the stories of Tariq Al-Bakri, in addition to containing many of these values, raise the minds of children in an appropriate manner and with wonderful manners in order to promote education. Keywords: children’s literature, Islamic culture, moral etiquette, Tariq Al-Bakri Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
88 - “A New Dream” by Afaf Tabbala, a children’s story that adults not seen in it
sobhan kavosi omid izanloo zahra ahmadiChildren's literature is educational tool to answer children's questions that develope his personality. The article -with the analytical method- study authoritarianism and carnavalism in “A New Dream”. Adults write for children, and authority determines what MoreChildren's literature is educational tool to answer children's questions that develope his personality. The article -with the analytical method- study authoritarianism and carnavalism in “A New Dream”. Adults write for children, and authority determines what should be in children's literature. Therefore, there is imbalance between adults and children, which reinforces the authoritarianism of adults over children's literature. Main characters in “A New Dream” are animals bearing human characteristics and through it we can stimulate the child’s imagination. Adults are the creators of children's literature, and when the character childs act like an adult without supervision, the carnival enters the story. The relationship between Carnival and children's literature is related to the authoritarian relationship between children and adults. the adults not seen in this story, and the little reader does not wait to hear them advice, teachings,. three characters seem at first little adults, and sometimes the characteristics of the characters are depicted and difficult for the reader to imagine them as children that can cause a kind of mistrust in the child and may lead to a kind of strangeness to them. We see some contradictions in characters' intelligence and inability. The most important point seek to resolve problems. Filling the blanks is a process that the writer uses in the story and leaves gaps in which the reader has the task of filling them in order to complete the structure of the text. But Tabbala fills in the blanks and not allow the child's to imagination. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
89 - The development of children's literature in the three decades following the Islamic revolution based on historical criticism
Maryam Alkhatib Ali Asghar BabasalarThe Literature, in its development journey, is subject to historical, social and cultural conditions, and children's and adolescent literature in Iran is no exception. After the Islamic Revolution, children's literature expanded and became more popular. More attention w MoreThe Literature, in its development journey, is subject to historical, social and cultural conditions, and children's and adolescent literature in Iran is no exception. After the Islamic Revolution, children's literature expanded and became more popular. More attention was given to criticism of children's literature. The historical criticism or Biocritical is considered one of the important theories in literary criticism because any literary work is linked to historic conditions. Therefore, we aim to analyze the works of five authors of this literature during the three decades that followed the Islamic Revolution. This is based on the opinions of major critics who adopted this method of criticism, such as Ditchz, Guerin, Emami, Zarin Kobb, etc. Based on the descriptive-analytical approach, we show the impact of historical events on the development of children's literature in the first three decades that followed the revolution. The results show that historical events and special circumstances have affected the writers' lives, and this influence was reflected in the text and content of their stories. The Revolution and war affected the first decade stories. The second decade's stories reflected the economic and social issues left by the war. The third-decade stories turned to a world more specialized in childhood literature. This world is characterized by creativity, beauty, imagination, and learning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
90 - Literary Analysis of Fables in Selected works of four Decades of Iran's Children Literature
Soheila Vaziri Mehr Mostafa Salari Behrouz RoumiyaniAnimals' stories or fables are one of the most effective and important methods which creates more eagerness and keenness in reader to follow the story events and result and transfer the ethical evil and good better; this is because of the dreamy aspect of this type of s MoreAnimals' stories or fables are one of the most effective and important methods which creates more eagerness and keenness in reader to follow the story events and result and transfer the ethical evil and good better; this is because of the dreamy aspect of this type of stories. Many books have been written in fables field and vast researches have been done as well but little attention to Iran's children works paid; most of researches in the field of fable are done on Iran's classic works such as Kalila and Dimna and some of Attar's works. The present article is written with the aim of finding the reaction of fable in selected works of four decades of Iran's children literature. To achieve this, initially exact meaning of fable is analyzed. The result of the research in four decades of Iran's children literature shows that fables are manifested in those decades in different forms either in poetries or in stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
91 - A study on Nostalgia and its Aspects in Mahmoud Darvish's Poetries
Ahmad Reza Yalameha Moslem RajabiThe term nostalgia – or homesickness – is one of the psychology expressions which entered the literature. Motherland is the subject that has been selected as the main theme by Mahmoud Darvish and made him famous. His poets are about homesickness, childhood s MoreThe term nostalgia – or homesickness – is one of the psychology expressions which entered the literature. Motherland is the subject that has been selected as the main theme by Mahmoud Darvish and made him famous. His poets are about homesickness, childhood sweet period, being far away from friends and relatives as well as social and economic disorders. The present paper attempts to study Darvish's poetries in descriptive – analytical method in order to introduce the concept of nostalgia and its references in his poetries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
92 - Developing a model of educational system based on cognitive approach in preschool centers
Roya Fathi Seyed Rasul Hosseini Masoumeh OladianThe purpose of this study is to develop a model of educational system based on cognitive approach in preschool centers. Since in applied research, the main goal is not only scientific discovery, but also to test and study the application of knowledge, so the method of t MoreThe purpose of this study is to develop a model of educational system based on cognitive approach in preschool centers. Since in applied research, the main goal is not only scientific discovery, but also to test and study the application of knowledge, so the method of this research is applied in terms of purpose and has been done by exploratory method. The data collection method is mixed (quantitative and qualitative) and the data collection tool is interviews with experts by conducting semi-structured specialized interviews and questionnaires. Therefore, 292 principals, teachers and staff of preschool centers in the primary education system of Tehran (in the quantitative section) and 15 experts and specialists in this field (in the qualitative section) participated in this study. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential methods through SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software. After conducting the research, the results showed that the components: cognitive education, psychological characteristics, cognitive academic counseling, leadership and management style, cognitive educational content, educational space and equipment, and finally teaching methods with cognitive approach; Under the heading of components of the educational system based on cognitive approach in preschool centers; Approved. Model fit tests showed the validity of the model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
93 - Civil Rights V.kyfry illegitimate child
mosayeb taghizadeh علیرضا عسکریAbstractThe illegitimate child is a baby who is born as a result of illegal and illegitimate relations such as adultery or incestuous marriage, with no kinds of marriage contract, then the illegitimate baby due to lack of legal relationship deprives some benefits in the MoreAbstractThe illegitimate child is a baby who is born as a result of illegal and illegitimate relations such as adultery or incestuous marriage, with no kinds of marriage contract, then the illegitimate baby due to lack of legal relationship deprives some benefits in the society. Based on dominion of the Art.1167, GH/M, up to the year 1997, s/he could not take benefit from any rights, except the issue of close relationship. However, the jurists with considering the unity discretion for the procedure No.1376/4/3/617, on the strength of the words of some Shia jurists and the Imam Khomeini's reputed theory in this regard, impart the illegitimate child in all civil rights including the custody, guardianship, alimony, ID. Card, residence and etcetera except the issue of heritage, and also if the illegitimate person is murdered by a legitimate person, that person shall also be retaliated, and based on the popular theory of the jurists, the atonement of the illegitimate equals the one of legitimate. In case s/he has no heirs, the religious Imam or governor is considered as his heir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
94 - Child custody from the perspective of Jurisprudence
احمد مرادخانی سیده طوبی هاشمیAbstractIn addition Brshyr children to continue their lives has another mother in need of care. This care should in normal circumstances by the person who most emotional bond to the child, be done. This is to ensure that the custody issue. It is said that in its definit MoreAbstractIn addition Brshyr children to continue their lives has another mother in need of care. This care should in normal circumstances by the person who most emotional bond to the child, be done. This is to ensure that the custody issue. It is said that in its definition: Custody means the administration of life and to protect and nurture the child until that child needs protection and nurturing.Children under the custody of healthy people and deserve time to come. So in Imami to certain conditions considered responsible for the custody has the right and duty to be performed properly. Custody means the administration of life and to protect and nurture the child until that child needs protection and nurturing.Children under the custody of healthy people and deserve time to come. So in Imami to certain conditions considered responsible for the custody has the right and duty to be performed properl Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
95 - The stepchild alimony in Iranian law and Sunni religions
Mahdieh Mohammadi Mahdi MirdadashiThe problem of orphans because of the impact of these children on society, the growing number of them, the respect for human affairs, and thousands of other reasons has long been a concern of various societies, especially cultural, social and legal scholars And today th MoreThe problem of orphans because of the impact of these children on society, the growing number of them, the respect for human affairs, and thousands of other reasons has long been a concern of various societies, especially cultural, social and legal scholars And today their finances, including inheritance and alimony, are under investigation. This research has focused on these children for the aforementioned reasons And since there are divergences between Iranian law, Imamiyah jurisprudence, and Sunni jurisprudence, this article is about explaining and comparing jurisprudential opinions with legal ones in the field of alimony for these children and ultimately solutions for The implications of speculation on the status of such people are raised and suggestions are hoped to fall. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
96 - Jurisprudential principles of punishment and discipline of children by parents in jurisprudence
shirin shafie Tayebe ArefniaThe present study has studied the jurisprudential principles of children's educational rights in jurisprudence. Therefore, in terms of purpose, it is practical and problem-oriented, and the type of research is descriptive-analytical and is based on the library method. I MoreThe present study has studied the jurisprudential principles of children's educational rights in jurisprudence. Therefore, in terms of purpose, it is practical and problem-oriented, and the type of research is descriptive-analytical and is based on the library method. It seeks to answer the following questions: From the point of view of Imami jurisprudence, what is the purpose of disciplining children? Is it permissible to physically punish a child in order to educate him from the point of view of Imami jurisprudence? Research has shown that jurisprudential sources pay attention to the religious upbringing and moral upbringing of children and the duties of parents in these areas. The abyss of loss, corruption, and transgression took care of him and forbade him from sinning and accustomed him to good morals and manners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
97 - Jurisprudential and Juridical Review of Solemn Malediction and its Role in Facilitating the Divorce Process of Couples
Mahnaz AsgariGhonche Mahdi Mirdadashi Mohammad SadeghiThe purpose of the present study is jurisprudential and juridical analysis of solemn malediction and its role in facilitating the divorce process of couples. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that with respect to jurisprudence and expedi MoreThe purpose of the present study is jurisprudential and juridical analysis of solemn malediction and its role in facilitating the divorce process of couples. The method of study is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that with respect to jurisprudence and expediency of maintaining the couples' life, it deems appropriate to execute solemn malediction, if its executive conditions and principles exist. Couples in some cases reach a dangerous stage where they cannot bear each other due to intense hatred, so the holy legislator wants to cut the relationship between them completely and permanently as soon as possible. It also prevents the couples to execute arbitrary punishment by themselves because in such circumstances lengthening the process of divorce is so risky. Therefore, it is suggested that the legislators by completing juridical deficiencies of the institution of solemn malediction and also executers by raising awareness in terms of this divine rule and consequences of false accusation of adultery to women, make use of the wisdoms in this institution to prevent family crimes and decrease social harms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
98 - Identification of the Bacterial agents of urinary tract infections in children in the Qom city in 1389
محمد دخیلیAbstractObjective: Urinary tract infection is most common disease of reproductive system and the second of the urinary bacterial infection in children. These study investigated the bacterial causes, symptoms and antibiotic resistance in children with urinary tract infec MoreAbstractObjective: Urinary tract infection is most common disease of reproductive system and the second of the urinary bacterial infection in children. These study investigated the bacterial causes, symptoms and antibiotic resistance in children with urinary tract infections have been done.Methods: This study was performed as descriptive cross-sectional one and 70 children attending to Khorrami Hospital in Qom Province were evaluated for microbiological findings and antibiogram.Results: The most common germ was E. Coli in 7/55 percent. The antimicrobial resistance pattern was similar for fluorocinolones, cephalosporines, and aminoglycosides with other antibiotics. The intermittent sensitivity was not seen; in 38.6% and the resistance was highest to cephalosporines.Conclusions: Totally, according to the obtained results and comparison with other studies, it may be concluded that prevalence of anti-microbial resistance among children with UTI is relatively high and some sterategies should be developed to reduce it and its complications.Key words: Anti-microbial resistance, Children, UTI Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
99 - The effect of Bextra syrup on improving the symptoms of colds in children 1 to 10 years old referred to pediatric clinics in Qom in 1397-1397
zeinab Zarei Rzaei Mohammad Javad QasemzadehColds or viral infections of the upper airways are the third most common initial diagnosis in US outpatient settings. This disease is caused by respiratory viruses such as: 30-50% of cases of rhinovirus and coronavirus 10-15% of cases. Some drugs, such as zinc, honey an MoreColds or viral infections of the upper airways are the third most common initial diagnosis in US outpatient settings. This disease is caused by respiratory viruses such as: 30-50% of cases of rhinovirus and coronavirus 10-15% of cases. Some drugs, such as zinc, honey and its derivatives, and nasal lavage are also effective in treatment. One of the natural remedies that is derived from honey is called propolis, which has many medicinal properties. In this study, a clinical trial was performed on children aged 10-10 years who referred to Qom children's clinics due to colds during the years 1397-1397. In addition to routine treatments for colds, a group of them is given 5 ml of Bikstra syrup daily and then after 3 and 7 days, they are evaluated for the occurrence of the studied variables. In the group using Bixtera syrup, the mean age of the subjects was 2.55 3 3.44 and in the control group was 2.7. 2.2. In the group using Bextra syrup, 30 (60%) were boys and 20 (40%) were girls, and in the control group, 27 (54%) were boys and 23 (46%) were girls. In the group using Bextra syrup on the first day of referral to the clinic, 40 (80%) of people had a fever with a mean number of days of fever of 0.4 92 0.92. On the third day of follow-up, only 1 person had a fever and on the seventh day of follow-up, none of the people had a fever. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
100 - Awareness and attitude of the companions of mothers hospitalized in the post-partum department of Valiasr Hospital(Aj) in Qom city towards post-partum depression
Malihe MehrmaneshObjective: Postpartum depression may have irreparable consequences for the mother, child and her family. The awareness and attitude of family members plays a very important role in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease as quickly as possible. Therefore, this rese MoreObjective: Postpartum depression may have irreparable consequences for the mother, child and her family. The awareness and attitude of family members plays a very important role in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease as quickly as possible. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the level of awareness and attitude of the companions of mothers hospitalized in the post-partum department of Valiasr(Aj) Hospital, Qom.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 100 companions of mothers hospitalized in the post-partum department of Valiasr Hospital(Aj) Qom, using available sampling method. The data collection tool was a three-part questionnaire including personal information, awareness and attitude measurement. The data were analyzed with the help of descriptive and inferential tests by SPSS version 16 software.Findings: The results showed that 70% of the studied people had moderate knowledge about postpartum depression. There is a statistically significant relationship between the level of awareness of postpartum depression with the variables of age, level of education, spouse's education, number of pregnancies, occupation and type of delivery. 85% of people had a negative attitude towards postpartum depression. The relationship between education level, spouse's education, number of pregnancies and occupation, with attitude was statistically significant. But the relationship between attitude with age and type of delivery was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Considering the importance of family members in supporting and diagnosing postpartum depression as quickly as possible, it is necessary to increase the awareness and attitude of those around pregnant mothers with different educational methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
101 - Review and analysis of the structure of the educational plans in Nesabe Sebian writen by Aboo Nasr Farahi (A case study of a children's book in the traditional educational system)
Abolfazl Ghanizadeh Nozhat TaherifarIn this article, the form and content of a children's book (Nesab e sebian) is analyzed statistically. It has been used in iran's islamic educational system approximately for six hundred and fifty years. In the present study, based on statistics counting, 3216 term are MoreIn this article, the form and content of a children's book (Nesab e sebian) is analyzed statistically. It has been used in iran's islamic educational system approximately for six hundred and fifty years. In the present study, based on statistics counting, 3216 term are used in the book. First: a-In terms of the form determined : Linguistic vocabulary frequency, content words, rich and poor rhyming words, human and non-human related vocabulary, and also we consider the human being and a non section identification and ( b)In terms of content determined: Subject words agreeable, disagreeable and uneffect words, within its amazing, imaginative and emotional moral, as well as the elements of color, music and movement vocabulary. Then it is determined through the determination of the frequency of words, the elements of the standard and non-standard educational book And finally, after the necessary investigation. The findings finally proves that this book is not an appropriate poetry book for children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
102 - A study and analysis of the "empathy" component in contemporary children's literature
Maryam Alai maryam uzbashi Zohreh nooraeeniaChildren's literature is a beautiful example of literature that plays a major role in children's cultural and intellectual development. Children's poetry is an essential part of this type of literature and provides the ground for the development of children's individual MoreChildren's literature is a beautiful example of literature that plays a major role in children's cultural and intellectual development. Children's poetry is an essential part of this type of literature and provides the ground for the development of children's individual and social skills and the development of their mental talents. The world of the child is a sensitive and important world in terms of educational and moral impact and poetry, as one of the educational tools in this plays an important role. "Empathy" is one of the prominent and researchable educational concepts in the field of children's poetry that has been widely reflected in children's and adolescent literature and has long been the focus of children's poets. This article descriptively-analytically and based on library data examines the concept of empathy in children's poetry "AfsanehShabannejad", "Jafar Ebrahimi", "Assadollah Shabani" and "Nasser Keshavarz" are prominent poets in the field of children's literature and Teen pays. The research findings show that the studied poets pay attention to educational concepts, especially the component of empathy in their works. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
103 - Study and role of moral and social concepts in children book in Iran, childhood group 10 last years.
maryam ghomiLooking to childhood period, in fact is an outlook on expectation isthmus;In expectation of entering to adulthood and evolution. There fore, it shouldbe considered precision and creative in writing books for children. Today ischildren need to learn living concepts by st MoreLooking to childhood period, in fact is an outlook on expectation isthmus;In expectation of entering to adulthood and evolution. There fore, it shouldbe considered precision and creative in writing books for children. Today ischildren need to learn living concepts by stories are special to themselves,in order to see better and live beautifully. And this significance can beestablished only by making children interested to study. Any one whostudy and enjoy for once, then he /she will go to study book easily onceagain. Mothers milk never lose its fashion for breast –fed, the book is too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
104 - Structural criticism of Dashtban, the novel, based on the theory of Cloud Bremond
Tayyebeh Farhadi Maryam khalili Jahantigh Mohammad BaraniIn spite of the negatives of Iran-Iraq imposed war, the war had a positive effect on our Literature andcreated a literary genre called HollyDefenseliterature ofwhich Holy Defence children’s &young adults’ literature is a sub-branch, created by the needs MoreIn spite of the negatives of Iran-Iraq imposed war, the war had a positive effect on our Literature andcreated a literary genre called HollyDefenseliterature ofwhich Holy Defence children’s &young adults’ literature is a sub-branch, created by the needs of society.Dashtban by Ahmad Dehghan is one of theseworks in the field of children and young adults.In this study we examined the structure of the novel based on the theory of Cloudbremond .The structural analytical research methodof thetext and the purpose of the research give the answer to this main question that if the structure of the novelbased on the theory of Cloud is analyzable. The findings of the study show that this novel is consistent with the above theory,consisting of one main sequence and a couple of minor sequences, and different types of concrete and linked chain sequencesare used in it.Also, all the three functions of possibility, process and consequence mentioned in the theory perfectly fitwith the structure of the novel. Dehghan, by the thorough knowledge of teen audience and the art of narration created a structured story which has a great role in conveying valuable concepts of holy defence to the today’s children and young adults of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
105 - The narrative structure in the poem "Children bear the mind" of Suleiman al-Issa
mahtab dehqan Rasol BallaviStudying the structure of the texts, especially poetic texts, from the point of view of narrative criticism is of great importance because it gives us a new vision of what we read from the poems of modern times. This branch of literary criticism is used in the study of MoreStudying the structure of the texts, especially poetic texts, from the point of view of narrative criticism is of great importance because it gives us a new vision of what we read from the poems of modern times. This branch of literary criticism is used in the study of many poetic texts and prose to learn the construction of these texts better. In this research we used this critical approach to study the poem "Children with the Consciousness" by Suleiman al-Issa, the Syrian poet of children from his poetry collection "I and Jerusalem". In this research, we have relied on the analytical descriptive approach, and we have included several narratives about narrative, narrative structure, and a short vision of the poet's life in the introductory section. Then we studied the most important narrative techniques in the poem, such as the characters, the plot, the idea, the meaning, the dialogue, the narrator, and so on. During this study, we have reached several conclusions, including: that the poet has sufficient skill in dealing with characters from the elements of narration and has relied on narrative techniques in the narrative text, especially with regard to the mentality of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
106 - The stone children image the first intifada Palestine in the poetry of Nizar Qobbani the case of study (triple stone children)
Moosa Arabi zahra SohrabikiaAfter the bitter failure of the Arabs against Zionist regime, Nizar Kabbani wrote against the Zionist regime and censured the Arab diplomats and he joined to Intifada. He composed protesting songs for the children who have stones in their hands. and named them the pione MoreAfter the bitter failure of the Arabs against Zionist regime, Nizar Kabbani wrote against the Zionist regime and censured the Arab diplomats and he joined to Intifada. He composed protesting songs for the children who have stones in their hands. and named them the pioneers of the intifada. This research according to descriptive method tries to analyze The countenance of children of the stones of the first intifada of Palestine in Nizar Kabbani’s poems exactly in The Trilogy of the Children of the Stones. It considers how these children perform their role and show their countenance in resistance. The most important conclusion is that, their countenance unmask the heavy defeat of Arab men against the Zionist and negligence of Arab society in Palestine history. They are shown like characters who do jihad, protest, fight and die for holey purposes in contradicting men who are traitors, pensioners and just do something for business. Children who illuminate the Arabic language, identity and name. They urge others by hope and light. They destroy the absurd Arabic songs and give new and fresh identity and meaning to them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
107 - he function of natural symbols in the poetry of Sulaiman al-Issa Case study: Book titled “arajih tughni lil'atfal ”
Zahra FaridA symbol as one of the artistic imageries connects the artist's mind and his unconscious mind with the realities of the universe. The symbol is widely used in literary texts. In the children's literature, despite the simple mindset of the audience and the lack of compre MoreA symbol as one of the artistic imageries connects the artist's mind and his unconscious mind with the realities of the universe. The symbol is widely used in literary texts. In the children's literature, despite the simple mindset of the audience and the lack of comprehension of complex interpretations, the need for artistic use of familiar symbols to convey abstract concepts is necessary. Among the symbols, the natural symbols are widely used in the children's literature. Therefore, poet and author create some symbols out of elements of nature, such as the mountains, plains, and sea … so that children easily comprehend intangible concepts. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the natural phenomena in the poetry of Sulaiman al-Issa (1921-2013), a children’s poet of Syria and indicate the poet's purposes of using natural symbols in his poetry. The results indicated that the symbols were in line with the poet's ideals, that is, the creation of hope and raising the motivation of efforts in children and adolescents to achieve ethnic desires. The poet tried to pay attention to the goals of the Palestinian children and defamiliarize the face of some popular symbols to make them popular and change the attitude of children towards these creatures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
108 - A Structuralist Reading of Parental Love in Sharif Murtaza’s Divan
Somaye Hasanalian Roya kamaliStructuralism is a new critical approach based on literary methods and linguistics which identifies and analyses literary texts and elaborates on its structural beauties. Love and affection as an important element in literature and poetry is highly effective on the stru MoreStructuralism is a new critical approach based on literary methods and linguistics which identifies and analyses literary texts and elaborates on its structural beauties. Love and affection as an important element in literature and poetry is highly effective on the structure of literary texts. Therefore, studying affection in literature creates new fields in literary criticism. Love and affection toward children as an important type of affection, is also important in children upbringings and educational patterns. This issue is mostly covered by the poems of Sharif Murtaza and other poets. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze affection toward children in the Divan of Sharif Murtaza in the light of structuralism in the four types of lyric poetry (eulogy, salutation, honoring and elegy), based on the analysis of the theme and the structural levels of the poem (musical, grammatical, verbal and rhetorical) in some of selected poems and also based on their comparison to affection parameters. The findings show that emotion is the main element in Sharif Murtaza’s ballads and his language and expressions are colored with emotion. His adherence to emotion in his language has made his poems valuable in the literary studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
109 - Child Lamentation in Poetry of Egyptian Poet Ibn-e- Nabata and Khaqani Sherwani
Abd-al- Qader Pariz Hamed KamaliMaskooniEgyptian poet Ibn-e- Nabata is one of the poets of Mamlooki era who witnessed the death of his beloved ones including his own wife and children and composed elegiesdescribing this event and its influence on him. Ibn-e-Nabata’selegy for children's death is true des MoreEgyptian poet Ibn-e- Nabata is one of the poets of Mamlooki era who witnessed the death of his beloved ones including his own wife and children and composed elegiesdescribing this event and its influence on him. Ibn-e-Nabata’selegy for children's death is true description of separation andpain for the loss of his children. So his elegy is sung with such a painful heart that is near to explode from great sadnessas if he is about to die. On the other hand Persian poet KhaqaniSherwani has told Elegy for death of hisdarlings and relatives. KhaqaniSherwani lost his son, Amir Rashid Al-Din and his death made him to compose elegy in his elegiesmost famous of whichbeing Taranom Al-Masaeb(The Songs of Sufferings). This study aims to compare the lamentation and its characteristicsinKhaqani and Ibn-e- Nabata’s poems based on American comparative literature school. In this regard, the below questions are discussed and responded: What is the view of two poets in their elegiacodes? Who is superior in this area? What are the similarand different aspects of their mournful poems? General result of this article shows that Khaqani surpasses his Arabic counterpart lamentation singing for his son since human feelings are depicted more fully in his composition than Ibn-e- Nabata's. In addition, he is innovative in this genre of poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
110 - The Impact of East and West on Children’s Literature in Nasim-e-Shomal: The Case of ‘The Literary Garden’
Inaas Mohammad Abdul Aziz‘The Literary Garden’ is a collection of thirty three anecdotes in the form of masnavi. The poet uses simple and commonplace vocabulary in these poems since using simple diction in those works addressing children plays an important role. Meanwhile, the poet More‘The Literary Garden’ is a collection of thirty three anecdotes in the form of masnavi. The poet uses simple and commonplace vocabulary in these poems since using simple diction in those works addressing children plays an important role. Meanwhile, the poet avoids using colloquial and vernacular diction lest making children used to them therewith arriving at his didactic end in increasing the vocabulary range of children reading these poems. The poet imbues a formal and classical sense in these poems to provide a serious tone in them all in a way that - except a poem named ‘Asl’aan’ – no sign of political or social satire can be found there. Therefore, in the first place, these poems are didactic and the poet has not used them to metaphorically imply hints to the political, social and religious conditions of his time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
111 - A Sociological Analysis of Naguib Mahfouz's Works with a Close look at The Novel Children of Gebelawi( Owlade Haratana)
Abdol Ghasem Torabi Seyyed Hossein SeyediThe formation and creation of every work of art is influenced by social milieu. The sociological criticism is an attempt to reveal the relationship between society and literature. The science of sociology started during nineteenth century and great authors such as MoreThe formation and creation of every work of art is influenced by social milieu. The sociological criticism is an attempt to reveal the relationship between society and literature. The science of sociology started during nineteenth century and great authors such as Madame de Stael, Hippolyte Taine, and great philosophers and thinkers such as Marx, and Hegel developed it more comprehensively. Undoubtedly novels and stories are influenced by social conditions and the society is also influenced by these works. Thus there is a mutual relationship between a literary work and society. Naguib Mahfouz is one of the authors who has paid attention to different social aspects. This paper which approaches his works based on sociological criticism –with a close look at Children of Gebelawi- tries to deal with social problems and shows that his works have affected the improvement of the Egyptian society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
112 - Reflection of Childhood World in the play “Green Case” by Farhan Bolbol
Abbas Ganjali Abdolbaset Arab yousofabadi Child drama is considered as one of effective instruments in mental, emotional, and cultural child growth and Farhan Bolbol who is one of the best Arabic dramatis has entered in this field by writing three dramas. Drama of “green cas More Child drama is considered as one of effective instruments in mental, emotional, and cultural child growth and Farhan Bolbol who is one of the best Arabic dramatis has entered in this field by writing three dramas. Drama of “green case” expresses a conflict between children and ghosts for gaining a green case which is symbol of freedom and success in this drama. Characters of this drama are going to gain a case and its key. Key in this drama is symbol of knowledge and attempt in life, because it is with knowledge and attempt that we can reach the happiness. Farhan in this drama is insisting on an educational method to satisfy children's intellectual needs and inform them about world of benevolence. In this article we are going to explain how Farhan uses all of dramatic elements to portray child world and what is the real aim which make him to be interested in child literature. We, by using a technical research method, try to extract different dimensions and elements of children's drama which is summarized in plot, character, themes, dialogue, conflict and we have explained instances of child world in this drama by a technical method. In the end, we have concluded that Farhan has used the drama as an instrument to teach and train children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
113 - Comparison of the effect of family resiliency training and selected sports exercises (Qigong exercises) on depression of mothers of children with cancer
Omm-e Leyli SaeedpanahAbstractDiagnosis of cancer in children is considered as a psychological and emotional crisis for parents, especially mothers, as the main elements in providing services and care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of family resilience education MoreAbstractDiagnosis of cancer in children is considered as a psychological and emotional crisis for parents, especially mothers, as the main elements in providing services and care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of family resilience education and selected sports exercises qigong) on mothers of cancer child due to depression.The present research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) using two experimental groups and a control group. 45 mothers with cancer children in Tabriz Children's Hospital in April 2022 who had 1 standard deviation above the average in the Beck Depression Inventory were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). For the first group of family resilience training) 9 sessions; One-hour sessions per week) and for the second group qigong exercises (9 sessions; one-week sessions, 30 to 40 minutes) were performed, and the control group did not receive any training. All subjects filled out the Beck Depression Inventory (short form) before and after the training. Univariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.The results showed that the mean scores of depression of mothers with cancer children in the family resilience training group compared to the qigong training group and in the qigong training group compared to the control group in the post-test decreased significantly (p <0.05).The results showed that family resilience education is more effective in reducing depression in mothers with children with cancer than qigong exercises. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
114 - The studying symbols in children stories with emphasis on some books published in 1380s by children and teenager intellectual training association
Mandana Alimi Maliheh Hefz saheThe story in the literature making today to two real and Virtual Learning. use real words in real space and virtual and precise meaning to word usage in the sense unreal. Two kind of famous in the story are allowed, allegory and symbol of which are indirect and implicit MoreThe story in the literature making today to two real and Virtual Learning. use real words in real space and virtual and precise meaning to word usage in the sense unreal. Two kind of famous in the story are allowed, allegory and symbol of which are indirect and implicit concepts indicator in the story are. In fact symbol method is correct-that the author with the use of a subject under the cover the theme of other nothing and according to other things shows and scenes and concepts to appeal to witness and example before it takes the author in this article with method of case selection and 50 the story of the universals to the examination of two important elements in allegory and symbol of the story of the children and Teenager . research has been done shows the fact that there is emotional to the world and children element in allegory and symbol of the special and extensive literature to children. Use of different kinds of symbols and allegory are writers-writers special to the story literature children-educational goals in inserting and upbringing indirect in the stories helped. Using the-dimensional style (or character of) belong to the animal kingdom, objects, space and time relations for human reflection and transmission of messages in the form of moral literature children in Iran. and major part of the book has been translated into the published or by the Center of Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults the book special age group Children animals of the kind of the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
115 - The structure of allegory in Ahmad Reza Ahmadi's all those paper boats
somayeh avarand azam ezadi raziyeh ahmadiEvery literary author uses literary and lingual techniques in the creation of her/ his work that leads to its beauty and rhetoric. Using literary and lingual techniques not only has a significant role in underlining the language of the work, but also, transforms it in t MoreEvery literary author uses literary and lingual techniques in the creation of her/ his work that leads to its beauty and rhetoric. Using literary and lingual techniques not only has a significant role in underlining the language of the work, but also, transforms it in to the authors' or poet's style which can be discovered through the analysis. Ahmad Reza Ahmadi, a modernist poet, in a collection of his works, has created allegories for children and adolescents with a double functions: on the one hand, they provoke the readers to read for pleasure; on the other hand, draw the readers' attention to the deep structure of the text. In this investigation which uses descriptive interpretive-content first of all, the techniques of allegorizing are considered in all those paper boats and then the created allegories in the mentioned book are interpreted. It is concluded that this book is replete with various allegories manifested in the words, sentences, and even the whole text that multiply the pleasure of reading. It also demonstrates that Ahmad Reza Ahmadi's allegories, the frequencies of which are orderly observed in the words, sentences and the whole text, are meaningfully related to the surface structure, also adding that, the minor symbols like the color, the time and the nature's constituents have greatly contributed to the creation of the major allegory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
116 - The story elements of “Twenty hours between dream and reality” story
Ali Dehghan Vahid AmiriNowadays, short story is considered the most important literary genre after poetry which gained popularity among people. As a technical story, short story involves elements such as plot, character, conflict, time and place, point of view and so on which all of them serv MoreNowadays, short story is considered the most important literary genre after poetry which gained popularity among people. As a technical story, short story involves elements such as plot, character, conflict, time and place, point of view and so on which all of them serve theme in organized and harmonic way. This research investigates the story elements in the story of “Twenty hours between dream and reality” by Samad Behrangi. Most of his stories are realistic. He has illustrated objective issues and problems of the poor and inferior class of the society in realistic way. In this article, the samples of the story elements have been presented besides brief explaining of the technical elements in the story “Twenty hours between dream and reality”. The results revealed that this story as one of the most effective and outstanding stories of Beharangi could succeed in admirable illustration of the homeless and street children by employing story elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
117 - The importance and role of the minimalist style of Masnavi Molavi's, Allegorical stories in the field of education of children and adolescents
seydh asma nejat Soraya razeghy Hengamh AshoriMinimalism an art style that is the basis of your work Based on simplicity of expression and themes devoid of philosophical complexity or quasi-philosophical has established. The authors of this style believe that saving in words and shorthand, It caus MoreMinimalism an art style that is the basis of your work Based on simplicity of expression and themes devoid of philosophical complexity or quasi-philosophical has established. The authors of this style believe that saving in words and shorthand, It causes beauty and increases the effect of words and rhetoric. The best examples of minimalism in classical Iranian literature for example, in the book of Rumi's Masnavi and its allegorical stories can be found. What can be said is whether the minimalist stories of Rumi's Masnavi can be fruitful and used in the field of education? The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical. The purpose of this study is to investigate the minimalism style of Masnavi allegorical stories in the field of children's education.The results show that by examining the Masnavi stories, many of the features and characteristics of minimal stories can be seen in them and on the other hand, due to the educational nature of Rumi's Masnavi book and given the cognitive limitations of children, minimalist Masnavi Stories is the best platform for expressing the educational , moral and social teachings of children and adolescents. Because long words and stories are not suitable for children and teenagers and does not fit into their capacity and it reduces its educational aspects. In children's literature that tends to simplify and make the stories real for objectification of the story space with the child's mentality, inevitably, short writing is essential and writers in this field are interested in using minimalist expression to convey their educational and training concepts to children. In this study, the author uses elements that are used to a minimum has been studied in Masnavi and also educational messages has found and analyzed stories that have common elements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
118 - Animal allegories (fables) in the poetry of Nasser Keshavarz
sara vosogyan mansh jalil nazary mohamad hady khalg zadeThe most famous type of allegory is fable or animal allegory in which each animal represents a type or group of people in society. Usually, children's poets and writers use this kind of allegory to tell children stories, and tell their stories in the language of a MoreThe most famous type of allegory is fable or animal allegory in which each animal represents a type or group of people in society. Usually, children's poets and writers use this kind of allegory to tell children stories, and tell their stories in the language of animals; One of these poets is Nasser Keshavarz, a modern poet and writer with a contemporary style. Since in relation to children's poetry, only the role and possible position in the education of children aged 6 to 12 (with a look at the Persian reading of the third and fourth elementary in the Pooyesh quarterly by Sheida Echresh has been discussed; Qualitatively, let's examine the importance of examining this research in order to open a new window for parents, educators and those involved in children's education, and encourage them to study more deeply and accurately the social allegorical concepts hidden in children's poetry. What animals and stories has Keshavarz used as an allegory in poetry and why? Introduce such instructive stories indirectly to children and adolescents and acquaint children with the common world of man and animal . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
119 - The Effect of Child-based Attachment Therapy Approach on Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Attachment of Primary School Boys
farhnaz shakehnya Behzad Behrouz Behrouz Behrouz Mohammad Bagher Kajbaf Ghobad Behaminhe purpose of this paper was to determine the effectiveness of child- based attachment therapy approach on the amount of depression systems and quality of attachment of primary school boys. The research type is quasi -experimental with control and experimental group Morehe purpose of this paper was to determine the effectiveness of child- based attachment therapy approach on the amount of depression systems and quality of attachment of primary school boys. The research type is quasi -experimental with control and experimental groups. Population included all fourth and fifth grade primary school boys in the city of Isfahan in 2011 (1390s.c.). the sample under study here were 30 depressed students of fourth and fifth grades chosen by random multi-stapec stage sampling who were assigned randomly to control and experimental groups. To measure children depression rate, the tool used in this study was Child Depression Inventory (CDI ( (Kovacs , 1981 ) . Also, children attachment rate was measured through inventory of parent and Peer Attachment Revised for children (IPPA-R)(Gullon & Robinson, 2005 ( . The interventions induded 6 sessions which were based on child–oriented attachment therapy for the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any treatment. The results of descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance showed, that child based attachment therapy significantly reduces depression and its dimensions (interpersonal problems, ineffectiveness, anhedonia, negative mood, negative self-esteem) (P < 0 . 0 5 ( and also increases quality of attachment and its dimensions (trust, relationship, self-alienation) (P < 0 . 0 5 ( in the experimental group. Manuscript profile -
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120 - Multiple Relations between Personality Factors and History of Child abuse with Family Communications in Isfahan
Nahid Shamaeizadeh Zahra YousefiThe present study examined the relationship between personality factors and the experience of child abuse with family communications was conducted in healthy subjects. This research was descriptive and correlational. Statistical population the Isfahan city, and a sample MoreThe present study examined the relationship between personality factors and the experience of child abuse with family communications was conducted in healthy subjects. This research was descriptive and correlational. Statistical population the Isfahan city, and a sample of 100 people from the community who were willing to cooperate to complete a questionnaire. The questionnaire were included 21 questions questionnaire of child abuse Yousefi and Shamaizadeh, (1392), 10-item scale, family connections Barnes and Olson (1982) and the NEO Personality Inventory McCerae and Costa(1992). The data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and stepwise Regression analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results showed that from the five personality factors, extraversion and conscientiousness have a significant positive correlation with, family communications and neuroticism and experience of child abuse have a significant negative relationship with family connections (P(01/0>.According to these results, it can be said to enhance family communication should extraversion and conscientiousness increased and neuroticism decreased. Also, the methods purpose to treatment and solve for individuals who experience child abuse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
121 - The Investigation of Motor- free Visual Perception Skills in Educable Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder in Tehran
mona siminghalam alibakhshi hussainThe aim of this research was to study visual perceptual skills in the children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The method of this study was casual-descriptive, and the statistical population involved all mentally retarded children in Tehran in 2010. Si MoreThe aim of this research was to study visual perceptual skills in the children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The method of this study was casual-descriptive, and the statistical population involved all mentally retarded children in Tehran in 2010. Sixty educable children aged 9 to 13 including 30 children with DCD (15 boys and 15 girls) and 30 children without DCD (15 boys and 15 girls) were selected by sampling method. The data gathering was done by Test of Visual Perceptual Skills revised (TVPS-R) and the data were Analyzed by independent t-test and Univariate Analyze of variance. Results indicated significant differences across means of visual perceptual subtests scores between DCD and non-DCD children P(V) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
122 - The Comparison Theory of Mind Dimension in Autism Children and Normal Children Isfahan City
tahere heidari arezoo sfahmive shalar framarziThe purpose of this study was the comparison of mind Dimensions theory in children with/ without Autism Disorders in Isfahan city. The research method was causal- Comparative. The subjects were boys(age 5-10 years) with Autism Disorders, from whom 15 children with Aut MoreThe purpose of this study was the comparison of mind Dimensions theory in children with/ without Autism Disorders in Isfahan city. The research method was causal- Comparative. The subjects were boys(age 5-10 years) with Autism Disorders, from whom 15 children with Autism Disorders who had suitable oral ability were selected, and 15 Normal Children who were ethnographically in harmony were chosen as the control group. Theory of mind Scale of Morris and colleagues (1999) was used to gather the data. After gathering the data the statistical analysis of variance was applied and the following results were revealed: The difference between the performance of children with Autism Disorders in theory of mind test scales was significant (P < 0.001). It shows that children with Autism Disorders were lower than the normal children in theory of mind test scores and other levels. Thus, children with Autism Disorders must receive different attention and interpretation compared with typical children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
123 - The effect of resilience and psychological hardiness on mental health of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Masood Sadeghi Tahere Rahimipour حسین علی محمدیThe goal of the study was to investigate the effect of resilience and psychological hardiness on mental health of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to determine the contribution of each of the predicting variables in predicting MoreThe goal of the study was to investigate the effect of resilience and psychological hardiness on mental health of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to determine the contribution of each of the predicting variables in predicting mental health. The statistical population of this descriptive-correlation study included all the mothers who consecutively referred to the child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of shahid Modares, Noor, Farabi & shahid Rajaii hospitals in Isfahan city that had at least one child with clinically diagnosed ADHD, aged between 6 to 12 years old. 141 mothers were selected through convenience sampling method. Research tools included the questionnaire of Goldberg & Hillier’s General Health (1979), Connor & Davidson’s resilience (2003) and Kobasa’s Hardiness (1982). Stepwise multiple regression analysis used for statistical analysis. The research results showed that hardiness and resilience were able to predict mental health significantly (p<0.001). In this research resilience was the best predictor of mental health. The findings indicate that hardiness and resilience are important and fundamental in the preservation and promotion of mental health in mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The two mentioned variables are able to explain the high rate of mental health variation and considering them in mental health is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
124 - The Relationship Between 6 to 8 year Oldchildren's dental fear and their parents' fear
shahrzad Javadinejad Sanaz Tahmourespour Davood Ghasemi Fatemeh YazdiThis research was done with the aim of studying the relationship between 6-8 year old children’s dental fear and their parents' fear. The research method was correlation, and the statistical sample consisted of 107 children between 6 to 8 years old who referred to Isl MoreThis research was done with the aim of studying the relationship between 6-8 year old children’s dental fear and their parents' fear. The research method was correlation, and the statistical sample consisted of 107 children between 6 to 8 years old who referred to Islamic Azad Khorasgan University dental clinic, together with their parents in2010- 2011(1390-91s.c.) academicyear. The sampling method was purposeful. The measuring instruments included Children's' Fear Survey Schedule– Dental Subscale (CFSSS-DS) (Cutberth & Melamed 1982), for evaluating children's fear, the Modified Dental anxiety Scale(MDAS) ( Humphriset al., 1995) for evaluating parents' fear and Frankle Behavior Rating Scale (Frankleet al., 1962), for evaluating children’s behavior during dental procedures. The first and second questionnaires were filled by child's parents and the third one was filled by the dentist. The analysis of data was done by Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient and independent t. The findings showed that there was a direct significant correlation between children`s fear and their parents’ fear scores (P < 0.001) .There was also a negative significant correlation between CFSS-DS and Frankle Behavior Rating Scale (P < 0.001) . According to the results, among the 6 to 8 year old children, parents’ fear can affect their children’s dental fear and also the extent of child’s collaboration with the dentist . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
125 - The Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Therapy on the Performance of Primary School Students with Learning Disability within Wechsler Intelligent Test for children
maryam azadi davood taghvayi shima chehreyiThe purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on the performance of the elementary school students with learning disabilities within Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on the performance of the elementary school students with learning disabilities within Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design. The statistical population was all the students with learning disability studying in the first to fifth grade of primary schools and referred to counseling and treatment centers in Isfahan in 2014. Among them,15 students were selected through available sampling method. To collect data, the neurofeedback device and Wechsler Intelligence Test For Children (Form 4) were used. Students received 20 sessions of 45-minute neurofeedback treatment for 7-10 weeks. They responded to Wechsler Intelligent Test for children before and after the treatment as pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by dependent t-test. The results suggested that there was a significant relationship between the pre-test and post-test scores obtained from all the scales (P<0.05). Therefore it can be concluded that the neurofeedback therapy was effective in improving the performance of children with learning disability in Wechsler Intelligent Test for children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
126 - The Effect of Play Therapy on Phobia in 5-11 Years Old Children Who Were Refered to Clinics of Isfahan Medical Sciences University
سلیمه جلالی اصغر آقایی حسین مولوی مژگان کار احمدیThe purpose of this research was to determine the effect of play therapy on phobia in years old children in Isfahan. Therefore, children who were refered to Isfahan clinics (Children and Adolescent's Clinic of Isfahan Medical Sciences Univensity and Children Psychatri MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the effect of play therapy on phobia in years old children in Isfahan. Therefore, children who were refered to Isfahan clinics (Children and Adolescent's Clinic of Isfahan Medical Sciences Univensity and Children Psychatric Clinic of Noor Hospital) were selected as a random cluster, that is, children who were diagnosed as phobic were selected, and randomly divided into experimental and control groups ( subjects each). The experimental group received group play therapy in weekly sessions and the control group did not receive any intervention. The parent form of the sub-scales of phobia of the Child Abnormal Symptoms Inventory (CSI- ) were administered to all subjects as the pre, post and follow up tests. The results of analysis covariance showed that the difference between the mean post test scores of phobia in the two groups was not signficant. But the the experimental group significantly scored less than the control group in the phobia follow-up test (P < ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
127 - The Effect of Teaching Mothers Child-Control Skills on Reduced Symptoms of Attention Deficit / Hyper-Activity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Reduced Depression in Mothers
بهرام میرزائیان حسن احدی حسن پاشا شریفی حسین آزادADHD causes multiple problems for many students, affecting their cognitive, social, emotional and familial performance and their professional and conjugal performance during adulthood. Furthermore, the parents of children suffering from ADHD experience a great deal of m MoreADHD causes multiple problems for many students, affecting their cognitive, social, emotional and familial performance and their professional and conjugal performance during adulthood. Furthermore, the parents of children suffering from ADHD experience a great deal of mental pressure and are seen to undergo depression, feeling of restriction, increased frustration, decreased capability and self-confidence as well as conjugal disputes. The aim of the present work is to study the effect of training parents how to control child's behavior on reduced symptoms of ADHD, improved child's behavior and on decreased proclivity to suffer from depression in the mothers of children suffering from ADHD. For this purpose, students aged suffering from ADHD with a history of referrals to the counselling and mental health centers in Sari were selected purposefully on the basis of clinical interviews and their responses on SNAP-IV questionnaire. Subsequently, the sample subjects were matched for age, gender, and education and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. On the sessions training for child-control skills within the experimental group, only mothers were trained for hours in accordance with Barclay's and forhand's programs. However, the control group received no training through to the end of the posttest. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
128 - Comparing Social Support and Social Anxiety between Mothers of Children with Special Needs and Mothers of Normal Children
mahnaz jadidi soheila safary سالار فرامرزی maryam jadidi somayeh jamaliThe purpose of this study was to compare social support and social anxiety of mothers of children with cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and autism with mothers of normal children in Isfahan in 2013 (1392s.c.). A causal-comparative study was used in this research. The resea MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare social support and social anxiety of mothers of children with cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and autism with mothers of normal children in Isfahan in 2013 (1392s.c.). A causal-comparative study was used in this research. The research sample which was selected randomly consisted of 90 mothers of children with special needs (30 mothers of children with down syndrome, 30 mothers of children with autism and 30 mothers of children with cerebral palsy) and 30 mothers of normal children attending primary schools in Isfahan. To collect the data, Social Support Questionnaire (Norbeck,1981) and Social Phobia Inventory (Conner et al., 2000) were used. The results of multivariate analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences between mothers of children with special needs and mothers of normal children in social support and social anxiety (P < 0.001). Furthermore, comparisons showed that mothers having a child with autism suffered the social anxiety more than mothers having a child with Down syndrome or a child with cerebral palsy (P < 0.001). Finally mothers of children with autism experienced the highest level of social anxiety compared to the rest of mothers studied in the research (P < 0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
129 - The Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Training on Increase of Mothers´Resiliency with Autistic Children
hamid reza nuri bahar shahabiThe present study investigated the effectiveness of self-compassion training on the increase mothers´ resiliency with autistic children by the quasi-experimental method and was performed by pre-test and post-test with the control group. The population under study MoreThe present study investigated the effectiveness of self-compassion training on the increase mothers´ resiliency with autistic children by the quasi-experimental method and was performed by pre-test and post-test with the control group. The population under study was mothers of children with autism who referred to the Center of Yavarane Zeinab in Esfahan. Twenty-four mothers who were selected randomly and assigned to experimental and control groups completed the autism Scale (Cars, 1988) and resilience Scale (Conner and Davidson, 2003) were used. Experimental group trained weekly 7 sessions of self- compassion in two-hour and the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of training, both groups were assessed. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. The results showed that the teaching of self- compassion significantly contributed to the resilience of participation people and mothers in the experimental group showed significantly increased (P < 0/001) in resiliency. According to the findings of this study self- compassion can be offered as an effective method to increase the resilience of mothers of children with autism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
130 - The Relationship between Perceived ParentingStyles With Female Adolescent's Feeling of Loneliness
خاطره بزرگمهری بوذرجمهری محسن گلپرور ابوالقاسم نوریThe Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived parental styles and its components with adolescents' feeling of loneliness. To this ends, high school female students from Mashhad and Tabadkan were chosen by multi- stage random sampling. MoreThe Purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived parental styles and its components with adolescents' feeling of loneliness. To this ends, high school female students from Mashhad and Tabadkan were chosen by multi- stage random sampling. The main hypothesis was that, adolescents' perceptions of their parents' child rearing styles could justify and/or alter their feeling of loneliness. Research instruments consisted of (A) Parenting Style and Dimensions Questionnaire, (Robinson, Mandleco, & Olsen, ) which was used to examine subjects' perception status about the qualification of their parents' upbringing ,(B) Loneliness Differential Feeling Scale (Schmidt, & Sermat, ) for estimating participants' feeling of loneliness. The hypotheses of this study were tested by using two variables Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. The results indicated that: There were statistically significant negative relationship (P < ) among Authoritative child- rearing style and all of its components with feeling loneliness (respectively: Authoritative child-rearing style r= ,Relational dimension r= , the Regulatory or control dimension r = , and the Autonomy dimension r= ). Also there were statistically significant positive relationship (P < ) between Authoritarian child-rearing style and all of its components with feeling loneliness (respectively: Authoritarian child- rearing style r = , Physical coercion r = , Verbal hostility r = , and Punitive Non- rosoniny/punitive r = ). Finally here were statistically significant positive relationship (P < ) between Permissive child-rearing style and its component with feeling loneliness (respectively: Permissive child- rearing style r = , and Indulgent dimension r = ). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
131 - To Investigate the Relationship Between MotherParenting Styles and Their Children's Perception
محمد پورعبدلی پروین کدیور علیرضا همایونیThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between mother's attitudes towards children practices whith child perception of those styles, locus of control and self-concept. The sample consisted of thired grade males in the junior high school stude MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between mother's attitudes towards children practices whith child perception of those styles, locus of control and self-concept. The sample consisted of thired grade males in the junior high school students and their literate were selected from five educational districts in Tehran who completed the parental Authority Questionnaire, Parenting Style Survey, Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale and Tennessee Self-concept Test. The data were analyzed using correlational and one-way-analysis of variance. The results of the study are so follow: The relationship between nother's attitude toward childrearing practice and child's perception of those styles was not statistically significant. The relationship between mother's attitude toward childrearing practice, child locus of control and self-concept were not significant, but the relationship between child's perception of their mother's parenting style, child's locus of control and self-concept were statistically significant. The relationship between locus of control and self-concept was also statistically significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
132 - The Effectiveness of Group Training of the Reforming Parenting Styles Based on Mothers, Maladjustment Schemas on Improving Behavioral Problems among Preschool Children in Isfahan City
Mina Daneshmand khorasgani Zahra YousefiThis study investigated the effectiveness of group training of the reforming parenting styles based on mothers` maladjustment schemas on improving behavioral problems among preschool children in Isfahan city. The study was a semi-experimental research (pre-test and post MoreThis study investigated the effectiveness of group training of the reforming parenting styles based on mothers` maladjustment schemas on improving behavioral problems among preschool children in Isfahan city. The study was a semi-experimental research (pre-test and post-test) with a control group. Its statistical populations include all mothers whose children suffer from behavioral disorders in Isfahan city. For this purpose, based 40 people from among the mothers whose children had the sign of behavioral disorders were selected based on convenient sampling and were categorized into two experimental and control groups. Rutter`s child behavior questionnaire was used for data collection. 8 sessions of reforming the parenting styles based on reforming maladjustment schemas were hold for the experimental group while the control group received no specific training. To analyze the data, by the use of the mean and standard deviation of data and also multivariate covariance, the research hypotheses have been analyzed. Therefore, based on the total results of the general research, it can be concluded that reforming parenting style based on mother`s maladjustment schemas on improving has a significant effect in the reduction of behavioral disorders of their child (p<0.05) and can be applied as an effective intervention method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
133 - The effect of behavioral training of mothers with conduct disorder children on behavior performance problems in their children
Mohammad Ali Goodarzi Raziyeh Hashemi Mohammad Reza TaghaviThe purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of behavior parent (mother) training of children with conduct disorder on behavior performance of their children. Twenty-four mothers of children with a diagnosis of conduct disorder were selected using conve MoreThe purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of behavior parent (mother) training of children with conduct disorder on behavior performance of their children. Twenty-four mothers of children with a diagnosis of conduct disorder were selected using convenient sampling method. The simple were divided into control and experimental groups (12 mothers in each group). Both groups completed CBCL, Behavior Performance Questionnaires. In the next step the experimental group participated in behavior parent training (ten sessions). At the end of the training both groups completed the questionnaires at the post test phase. The data were analyzed whit ANCOVA. The results showed that behavior parent training improved behavior performance (p<0.05). It can be concluded that behavior parent training to mothers, could decrease the behavioral problems of their children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
134 - The Effectiveness of Group Positive Parenting Program on Parental Stress and Mother-Child Interaction of Mother of Children with Nocturnal Enuresis
Arezu kabiri Mehrdad KalantariThe present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of teaching positive parenting on the parents' stress and child-mother relationships in mothers of children with enuresis. Therefore, in a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group type, MoreThe present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of teaching positive parenting on the parents' stress and child-mother relationships in mothers of children with enuresis. Therefore, in a semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group type, 30 mothers of 5-12 year-old children with enuresis referred to therapy centers were selected through available sampling method and they were randomly put into experimental and control groups (teaching positive parenting). Teaching positive parenting was administered in 8 ninety-minute sessions on the experimental group. All subjects responded to parents' stress and mother-child relationships questionnaires before intervention and at the end of it. The results of COVARIANCE analyses showed that teaching positive parenting was effective on parental stress (p<0.0006) and mother-child relationship (p<0.0001). According to the achieved results it can be proposed that teaching positive parenting leads to the decrease of the intensity of parental stress and improving child-mother relationships in the mothers of children with enuresis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
135 - The Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy Based on Mindfulness on Fear of Delivery in Primiparous Women
maryam aminolroayaee Asghar AghaeiThe objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. This was a semi-experimental research, having a pretest-posttest design, a control group and one-month follow MoreThe objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on fear of childbirth in primiparous women. This was a semi-experimental research, having a pretest-posttest design, a control group and one-month follow up period. The statistical population of this research was including all of primiparous pregnant women in spring 2017 in Isfahan city (Amin hospital). Of this statistical population, 40 individuals were selected using convenience sampling method and placed in two control (20 individuals) and test (20 individuals) groups. The tool used in this research was an Attitude Towards Childbirth Questionnaire (Harmen, 1998. Before performing the interventions, pre-tests were done for both of the groups. After ending the sessions, post-test and one-month follow-up period were done. Results analysis using covariance analysis test showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective on fear of childbirth in primiparous women (P<0. 05). Moreover, the results of follow-up period showed that the training of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has a lifetime effect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
136 - Construction and Validation of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software for 3 to 6 Year Old Children of Isfahan
Elham Tabatabaie Kashani Salar FaramarziAbstract The present study aimed at developing and validating the Leiter International Performance Scale Software. The research method was psychometrics. Therefore, after developing the software, to validate the test, from among all 3-6 year old children in the City of MoreAbstract The present study aimed at developing and validating the Leiter International Performance Scale Software. The research method was psychometrics. Therefore, after developing the software, to validate the test, from among all 3-6 year old children in the City of Isfahan 240 children were selected using the stratified random sampling and participated in the study. To investigate the construct validity of the scale, the Vineland Social Maturity Scale and to investigate the concurrent validity, the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale were used. The test-retest reliability coefficient of the total score of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software for 2 year and 1 month to 4 year and 5 month children was 0.71 (p≤0.001). In addition, the reliability coefficient of the total score of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software for 4 year and 6 month to 6 year and 9 month old children was 0.82 ((p≤0.001). The Chronbach’s alpha coefficient for 2 year and 1 month to 4 year and 5 month old children was 0.75 and for 4 year and 6 month to 6 year and 9 month old children, it was 0.83. The correlation coefficient of the Leiter International Performance Scale Software with the Vineland Social Maturity Scale was positive and significant (r = 0.61). The correlation coefficient between the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Leiter International Performance Scale Software, as an evidence for the concurrent validity, was r = 0.34 in the verbal subscale and r = 0.75 in the non-verbal subscale. The results of the present study indicated that the Leiter International Performance Scale Software can be considered as a valid and reliable instrument for measuring children’s intelligence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
137 - The effectiveness of group existencetherapy on self-compassion and resilience of mothers with children with intellectual disability
behzad taghipuor rogaye barzegaranThe birth of a child with intellectual disability affectson mothers and place them under multiple stress. The purpose of the research was to examine the effectiveness of group existencetherapy on self-compassion and resilience mothers of childrenintellectual disability. MoreThe birth of a child with intellectual disability affectson mothers and place them under multiple stress. The purpose of the research was to examine the effectiveness of group existencetherapy on self-compassion and resilience mothers of childrenintellectual disability. This semi-experimental study was conducted using pre-test and post-test with control group the study universe included all mothers with children with intellectual disability who were referred to rehabilitating center in Ardabil city in the year of2017, 30 mothers were selected through the target sampling method and randomly were availability into two equal experimental and control groups. Experimental group experienced 8 weeks of Existence therapy, while control group were just followed. Self-compassion Questionnaire (Raes, Pommier, Neff & Van Gucht, 2013) and Resilience Questionnaire (connor& Davidson, 2003) were used in pre-test, post-test and follow up as the study instrument. Data were analyzed by descriptive indices and analysis of covariance. The result of comparing post-test of scores in two group showed that there were significant difference in self-compassion and resilience scores intervention group and the control group (p<0.01). Thus, can be said that of existential group psychotherapy increased self-compassion and resilience scores in mothers of children with intellectual disability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
138 - Investigating Psychometric Properties of Quinn Program in Preschool Children
masoomeh Bazoolnejad Jahanshah Mohamadzadeh vahid ahmadi Kourosh Sayemir shahram mamiThe aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of quinn program in preschool children. The research method was quasi-experimental and within the framework of a psychometric design. The statistical population of this study included all five year childre MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of quinn program in preschool children. The research method was quasi-experimental and within the framework of a psychometric design. The statistical population of this study included all five year children at Moloud kindergartens in Tehran at the academic year 2017-18. For this purpose, 80 children with their mothers were selected by available sampling. The instrument for the study of the Stanford- Binet Intelligence Scale (Roid, 2005), Q-Set Attachment Security Questionnaire (Waters, 1987), Motivation for Doing Work in Children (Kielhofner & Geist, 1998), Failure Tolerance Questionnaire (Harrington, 2005), and Self- Control Questionnaire (Kendall & Wilcox, 1979). Exploratory Factor Analysis was used for data analysis. The results of data analysis showed that the components of follow of interests self, perseverance, perseverance, Language skills, knowledge/ comprehension, memory, math abilities, spatial visual argumentation, cognitive skills and skills the finite movement were the highest correlation with cognitive factor. The components curiosity, tolerate failure, and self-control with motivational factor; and attachment with communicational factor were correlated. The three cognitive, motivational and communication factors explain 71.37 percentage of the total variance. Therefore, it is suggested that counselors and therapists can use the Quinn program for improve the cognitive, motivational and communicative factors of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
139 - Formulation of training protocol for treating with children of divorce for mothers and its effect on the mothers’ behavior
afsane gholami khosro rashid mosayeb yarmohamadi vaselThe aim of this study was formulating a training protocol for treating with children of divorce for the mothers and examining its effect on the mothers’ behavior. In this experimental pre-test and post-test with control group research design, by use of purposive s MoreThe aim of this study was formulating a training protocol for treating with children of divorce for the mothers and examining its effect on the mothers’ behavior. In this experimental pre-test and post-test with control group research design, by use of purposive sampling method, 40 divorced women with 6-12 years old children were chosen and randomly were assigned to experimental and control groups (20 of each). After answering the questionnaires as pre-test, 12 training sessions was held for the experimental group during four continuous weeks, three days a week, while the control group received no intervention. The instruments consisted of five questionnaires: State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Kogler & Jones Guilt Inventory, Bell adjustment Questionnaire, and Burn Family Emotional Condition Questionnaire. For analyzing the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, and standard deviation were used, and for testing research hypothesis covariance analysis was used. The results showed that the difference between the experimental and control group’s mean were meaningful (P<001/0). According to findings it could be concluded that the designed protocol can improve the psychological state of the children of divorce by establishing a positive change in their mother’s behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
140 - The effect of family-based cognitive-behavioral Therapy on the Accommodation of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder
zivar aryasadr Iran Davoodi Abdulkazem neisi Manaz mehrabizadehObsessive Compulsive Disorder is a time-consuming and severe mental illness that causes significant distress and impaired functioning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on the accommodation of children w MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder is a time-consuming and severe mental illness that causes significant distress and impaired functioning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on the accommodation of children with OCD. The research plan was single case. The statistical population of this research included all the children with OCD in the range of 7-12 years who referred to counseling centers and psychiatric in Ahvaz in 2020. Samples (and with mothers) were selected by available sampling method and received family-based cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention in 12 sessions. In this study, Yale Brown Child Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Scale (1997) and the Family Accommodation Interview Scale (1999) were used. Data analysis was performed by using visual charting or graphical analysis methods, reliable change index and percentage of improvement. The results showed that reliable change index was significant for accommodation in treatment and follow-up (p <0.05). Also percentage of overall improvement showed the effectiveness of Family-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on the accommodation of Children with obsessive-compulsive disorder in treatment and follow-up stages, was in Successful Treatment category in four child, Based on Blanchard's Classification and this Therapy can be beneficial and effective on accommodation of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
141 - Evaluation of mood and behavior, in primary school children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during the outbreak of COVID-19: A qualitative study
zeinab norouzi zad marjan torkzadeh Alireza bakhshayeshWith the Coronavirus outbreak, closure of schools and the restriction of children to the house, several challenges have been encountered due to fewer possibilities of releasing excitement, playing, entertainment and limited use of therapeutic and hygienic facilities. Lo MoreWith the Coronavirus outbreak, closure of schools and the restriction of children to the house, several challenges have been encountered due to fewer possibilities of releasing excitement, playing, entertainment and limited use of therapeutic and hygienic facilities. Loss of daily routine life and social interaction can act as potentially dangerous factors in regards with mental health problems, and exacerbate ADHD symptoms. Due to the significance of this matter, the goal of this study was to examine the behavioral, communicational, and environmental conditions in primary school children with ADHD during the Covid-19 outbreak. This project was a qualitative study of the phenomenology type in which statistical population consisted of mothers of hyperactive children living in Goldasht, Isfahan. in this study 15 mothers with hyperactive children were chosen in a targeted manner with the snowball sampling method. Data was collected using the semi-structured interview method, and this procedure continued to the point of data saturation and finally, the data were analyzed using the Van Manen Phenomenology Data Analysis method. The obtained contents consist of the following eight main items: lethargy and lack of motivation, decreased control of excitement, mental affect arousal of the mother, environmental problems, reduced fun and games, slumping in educational progress, changes in the amount of sleeping and eating, and reduction in social interactions.The obtained results show an exacerbation of ADHD symptoms during the Corona outbreak. According to the results, this project can facilitate better understanding of the factors affecting hyperactivity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
142 - The effect of reflection training on executive functions, episodic foresight and creativity in children aged 3 to 5 years
ghasem mohammadyari Nasser Behroozi manijeh Shehni Yailagh gholamhossein maktabiThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reflection training on executive functions, episodic foresight and creativity. This study was experimental, pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reflection training on executive functions, episodic foresight and creativity. This study was experimental, pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all children ages 3- 5 with low executive functions in kindergartens in Ahvaz city on 1397. In this study 30 children had selected by single-stage random sampling. The tools used in this study were Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – preschool version (Gioia, Espy & Isquith, 2003), Dimensional Change Card Sort (Zelazo, 2006), Picture-Book Task (Atance & Meltzoff, 2005) and Torrance's thinking creativity in action and movement (Torrance, 1981). Multivariate covariance analysis showed that there are significant differences between two groups (experimental and control) in executive functions, episodic foresight and creativity (F = 10.38, p < 0.001). An analysis of a variable covariance in the MANCOVA text revealed reflection training has a significant effect on the executive functions (F = 11.10, p < 0.01) on the episodic foresight (F = 5.85, p < 0.05) and on creativity (F = 12.52, p < 0.01) in favor of the experimental group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
143 - The Role of Family Atmosphere, Mother-Daughter Relationship, Social Skills, and mothers' mental disorders in Predicting Child Abuse of High School Female Students
Nasibeh karimi Mohammad SoltanizadehThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the family atmosphere, mother-daughter relationship, social skills, and mothers' mental disorders in predicting child abuse of high school female students. The research design was a correlational. The statistical MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the family atmosphere, mother-daughter relationship, social skills, and mothers' mental disorders in predicting child abuse of high school female students. The research design was a correlational. The statistical population consisted of 55766 Isfahan high school female students and their mothers in the academic year of 2017-2018 using a multistage cluster sampling method, 250 were selected. The research tools consisted of Questionnaire of Family Emotional Condition (Hill Burn, 1964), the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Fine, Moreland & Schwebel, 1983), the Teenage Inventory of Social Skills Questionnaire (Inderbitzen & Foster, 1992), the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979) and Child Abuse Questionnaire (Nourbakhsh, 2012). The data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis, and the final step of regression analysis showed that mother-daughter relationship and mothers' mental disorders were 10.6% were able to predict child abuse at the level (P <0.01). The results of this study indicate the importance of the mother's role in the prevention of child abuse of females. Therefore, researchers and planners in the field of psychosocial issues can provide a space to reduce this problem by formulating educational, preventive, and therapeutic programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
144 - Designing an Executive Functions Training Program and Evaluating its Effective on Improving of Theory of Mind in Children aged 6 to 8 Years with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder
karim abdolmohamadi farhad ghadiri hamid alizadehAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effective of the training program of executive functions on improving levels of theory of mind in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with post-test pr MoreAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effective of the training program of executive functions on improving levels of theory of mind in children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with post-test pre-test with control group. The study population included all 6- to 8-year-old children in Tabriz, of whom 30 were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (15) and control (15) groups.Then the Theory of Mind Questionnaire (Hutchins, Perlock , Bonazinga , 2012) was completed by parents of both groups. After performing the pre-test, the experimental group was trained in the executive functions program. The program was designed by researchers and consisted of 24 sessions in which 4 skills (working memory, inhibition, flexibility and attention training) were taught, At this stage, the children in the control group did not receive any training. The post-test was performed again and the data obtained from the pre-test and post-test were analyzed using analysis of covariance.The data showed a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the post-test of variable theory of mind scores after adjusting for the effect of pre-test of theory of mind(P<01). Based on this study, it can be suggested that improving the executive functions can increase the levels of theory of mind. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
145 - The Effect of Hope Center Parenting Training on Parental Self-Efficacy of Mothers of Preschool Children
Mehdi Mazaheri Tehrani Mohamad Masoud Dayarian fatemeh javadzadeh shahshahaniThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of hope center parenting training on parental self-efficacy of mothers of preschool children. The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test and follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statist MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of hope center parenting training on parental self-efficacy of mothers of preschool children. The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test and follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study was preschool children s mothers in Isfahan in 2020, of which 30 mothers were screened through accessible sampling. Finally, 30 mothers randomly assigned to the experimental group(15 mothers) and the control group(15 mothers). The applied instruments included Instructional Hope Center Parenting Package(researcher-made) and Berkekeys Self-efficacy Questionary(second version, 2005). Participants in both groups completed Berkekeys Qelf-efficacy Questionary in three stages. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance in spss software. The results indicated the effect of the hope center parenting on the score of positive parental self-efficacy in the post-test stage and the stability of this effect was in the follow-up stage. These results suggest evidence that training of the hope center parenting to increase parental self-efficacy in mothers. This research can be useful for psychologists and counselors in the field of parenting and choosing the type of intervention to educate parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
146 - Effectiveness comparison of solution-focused and supportive counselling based on self-compassion effects on control of behavior and emotional, social and educational adjustment for male street children
Mahsa Razmgar seyed Ali kimiaei Imanollah BigdeliThe aim of this study was Effectiveness comparison of solution-focused and supportive counselling based on self-compassion effects on control of behavior and emotional, social and educational adjustment for male street children. This study was a quasi-experimental resea MoreThe aim of this study was Effectiveness comparison of solution-focused and supportive counselling based on self-compassion effects on control of behavior and emotional, social and educational adjustment for male street children. This study was a quasi-experimental research study with experimental and control groups. The population of this study includes all street children of Mashhad street children center (2018). Samples were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (10 people each), a total of 30 people. Sinha & Singh's Adjustment Questionnaire (1993) and Youth Self Report (YSR) (1991) were used to perform pretest and posttest. The experimental groups were trained in groups for 8 sessions, once a week and for 90 minutes in each session. The results of analysis of covariance showed that there was a significant difference between the training groups who received solution-focused and supportive counseling based on self-compassion and the control group in the control of behavior (P>0/001). But none of the two educational methods could affect them in relation to the types of adjustment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
147 - The Effectiveness of Filial Therapy on Fear of Coronavirus in Children
zahra ahmadian Sara Zadafshar Ahmad AbediThe purpose of current study was to investigate the effectiveness of filial therapy on fear of coronavirus in children. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, and control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers of c MoreThe purpose of current study was to investigate the effectiveness of filial therapy on fear of coronavirus in children. The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, and control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers of children with complain of fear of coronavirus visiting counseling centers in Isfahan, Iran, from among whom 22 people were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight sessions of filial therapy sessions, while the control group received no training. Data collection instrument was fear of covid-19 scale (FCV-19S) (Ahorsu et al, 2020) that was standardized and visualized in children society. Date were analyzed by univariate covariance in SPSS version 21. filial therapy was an effective intervention in reducing fear of coronavirus in children (p<0.01). filial therapy, like other psychological and pharmacological interventions, can improve the fear of coronavirus in children. Key words: play therapy, filial therapy, fear of coronavirus, children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
148 - The effect of cognitive behavioral family therapy on general health and marital satisfaction of families with mentally retarded children in Khorramabad city
moslem siahposh Abdullah Motamedi Faramarz SohrabiConsidering the family as the most important social institution and the context for the growth of each individual in society is very important. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral family therapy on general health and mari MoreConsidering the family as the most important social institution and the context for the growth of each individual in society is very important. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral family therapy on general health and marital satisfaction of families with mentally retarded children in Khorramabad city. This research is a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all families with mentally retarded children referred to Khorramabad rehabilitation centers in the summer of 2014. 30 families were selected by sampling in random sampling and were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 individuals) And witness (15 people). The general health questionnaire and marital satisfaction questionnaire were used as a pretest, then the experimental group received 12 sessions of cognitive-behavioral family therapy and the control group received no intervention. At the end of the post-test, the data were analyzed using SPSS-21 software and covariance analysis. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups of experimental and post-cognitive-behavioral family therapy (P<0.05). Mean score of general health and marital satisfaction in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group Increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
149 - The effectiveness of play therapy based on the relationship parent child (Filial Therapy) on addiction to computer games, and aggression in preschoolers
maryam soltani Hadi FarhadiThe aim of this research is Teaching play therapy based on the parent – child relationship (Filial Therapy) to mothers of preschool children and and its effects on computers game addiction and aggression in their children. Statistical population MoreThe aim of this research is Teaching play therapy based on the parent – child relationship (Filial Therapy) to mothers of preschool children and and its effects on computers game addiction and aggression in their children. Statistical population of this research includes all mothers of preschool children with addiction to computer games Were randomly assigned to either experimental or control groups.The instrument used in this research were addiction to commuter games questionnaire (Farhadi (1395), (parents form), and Vahedi et al. (1999), aggression scale of preschool children (parent form). The participants in two stage of pretest and posttest were answered to research instruments.The experimental group subjected to 10 sessions (2 hour), filial therapy education.The results of this research showed that, filial therapy training to mothers were effective to reduce addiction sign to computer games (p<0.01), children aggression (p<0.05), verbal aggression (P <0.01), and impulsive aggression (P <0.05).Accordingly focusing on educations related to parents was recommended as a strategy to reduce children’s extreme tendency to play computer games. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
150 - Comparing subscales of emotion understanding and emotion regulation in preschool children with and without sibling
Seyyede Zoha Sakkaki Mohammad ali Mazaheri Tehrani Saeed Ghanbari soudeh AghamohammadiThe purpose of this research was to compare emotion understanding and emotion regulation between children with and without sibling. Research method was casual-comparative and statistic population consisted of 4-6 years old children who were present in kindergartens of T MoreThe purpose of this research was to compare emotion understanding and emotion regulation between children with and without sibling. Research method was casual-comparative and statistic population consisted of 4-6 years old children who were present in kindergartens of Tehran city in 2017. From among them, 60 children were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and matched based on age and sex. Data collection instruments included “emotion matching task” (Izard, Haskins, Schultz, Trentacosta & King, 2003), “emotion situation production task” (Wang, Hutt, Kulkofsky, McDermott & Wei, 2006) and “emotion regulation checklist” (Shields & Cicchetti, 1997). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that children with sibling, scored significantly higher than only children on emotion understanding and its subscales (emotion situation knowledge, expressive emotion knowledge and receptive emotion knowledge) (p<0.05). They also scored significantly lower than only children on “lability/negativity” subscale of “emotion regulation checklist” (p<0.05) which indicates more balanced emotional reactions. The result of this study suggested that growing up with sibling during preschool years provides unique opportunity for improving children emotional competencies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
151 - Comparing the effect of behavioral parenting training of mothers social skilled training of children on emotional regulation and behavioral symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in fourth grade male students
Farid Saeedeh hasan mirzahoseini Nader MonirpourThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral parenting training to mothers with training social skills to children on emotional regulation and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. The method of this research was semi-experimenta MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral parenting training to mothers with training social skills to children on emotional regulation and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. The method of this research was semi-experimental and including pre-test-post-test designs with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the study included fourth grade male students and their mothers who had referred to psychology clinics in Tehran District 5 between August and September 2020. From the mentioned community, 50 children with oppositional defiant disorder who met the inclusion criteria were selected and 45 of them were assigned to three groups of 15 according to Morgan table by purposive sampling method. The sessions of the experimental group consisted of 12 90-minute sessions in which children were taught social skills in one of the experimental groups. In the other experimental group, mothers of children received behavioral parenting training and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. In order to assess the participants, DSM 5 criteria were used to diagnose oppositional defiant disorder and the (Shields & Cicchetti, 1997) Emotion Regulation Checklist and (Achenbach's, 1991) Child Behavior Checklist. In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics, analysis of covariance and pairwise comparison were used by Sidak test. The results showed that both methods were effective for emotional regulation and behavioral symptoms (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the two methods for research variables and their dimensions (P>0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
152 - effectiveness of Imago Therapy Training on cognitive flexibility and parenting stress of couples with deaf children
ezzatollah ghaampour Kourosh Amrai Hafez Padervand Fateme BavazinPurpose: Evaluation of the effectiveness of Imago Therapy Training on cognitive flexibility and parenting stress of couples with deaf children aged 7-12 years in Khorramabad. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test. The statistic MorePurpose: Evaluation of the effectiveness of Imago Therapy Training on cognitive flexibility and parenting stress of couples with deaf children aged 7-12 years in Khorramabad. Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all couples with deaf children aged 7 to 12 years who had a file in the welfare center of Khorramabad in 2021. From the statistical population, 30 people were randomly selected and then this number of subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). Research data were collected using the Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire of Dena and Van der Waals (2010) and the Barry and Jones Parent Stress Questionnaire (1995). The experimental group underwent immatotherapy training for 10 sessions of 2 hours. Data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results of the analysis of research data showed that imagotherapy therapy has been effective in increasing cognitive flexibility and reducing the stress of parenting couples (P <0/01). The results of this study indicated the useful application of imagotherapy education approach in improving cognitive flexibility and reducing parenting stress of couples with deaf children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
153 - The Effectivness of Paranting Training Based Acceptance and Commitment and Filialtherapy on Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Pre-school Children and Life Satisfaction of Mothers
daruosh jalali Asghar Aghaee Maryam ShamsipoorThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of parenting training based acceptance and commitment (ACT) and filialtherapy on oppositional defiant disorder in pre-school children in Shahrekord and life satisfaction of their mothers. The statistical populat MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of parenting training based acceptance and commitment (ACT) and filialtherapy on oppositional defiant disorder in pre-school children in Shahrekord and life satisfaction of their mothers. The statistical population of the study consisted of all mothers of pre-school children in Shahrekord, of whom 48 were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (each group was 16). The research instrument was Oppositional Defiant Disorder Questionnaire (Swanson et al., 2001) for children and Life Satisfaction (Diner et al., 1985) for mothers which were completed during three pre-test , post-test and 3-month follow-up stages. Data were analyzed using analysis repeated measure ANOVA. The results showed that intervention methods were effective on children and mothers' variables (P< .01). The results also showed that parenting training based ACT and filialtherapy was effective in reducing oppositional defiant disorder (P<0.01). At the same time, it was found, only that parenting training based ACT was effective in improving life satisfacion of the mothers (P <0.01). It was concluded that both interventional methods, especially parenting training based ACT, are effective for children's emotional behavioral problems and improving the life satisfaction of mothers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
154 - The effectiveness of parent-child interaction play therapy (CPRT) on executive functioning and social adjustment in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Leila Aminian banijamali Shokohsadat Friborz Dortaj hasan ahadiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent-child interaction through play therapy (CPRT) on executive function and social adjustment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study was a quasi-experimental study wit MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent-child interaction through play therapy (CPRT) on executive function and social adjustment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included children aged 8 to 10 years with ADHD who referred to medical centers in Tehran in 1398. The sample consisted of 30 people (two groups of 15 people) who were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection tools were BRIEF (Parent Form) Behavior Rating Function Questionnaire (Guy,2000) and Dokhanchi Children's Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1998). After randomly selecting and determining the experimental and control groups and before conducting play therapy sessions for the participants in the study, a separate introductory session with the aim of initial acquaintance with the children and establishing a therapeutic relationship, as well as creating confidence in the subjects and collecting data. Pre-test was held. During the same introductory session to collect pre-test data, Connors parent questionnaires, BRIEF executive behavioral grading questionnaire and children's social adjustment questionnaire were given to children's parents in groups, and finally the experimental group played 10 sessions of 120 minutes once a week. Were treated. The results showed that play therapy training based on parent-child interaction on the executive functions of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was effective and according to ETA squared the effectiveness of play therapy training based on parent-child interaction on executive functions. In the studied children 75.1% Also, play therapy training based on parent-child interaction is effective in improving the social adjustment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The studied children are 74.9%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
155 - Comparison of The Effect of Training Pivotal Response Treatment Principles and Training Theory of mind Principles on Executive Functions in kids with autism spectrum disorder
maryam Aflaki naseri Mohammadreza Zarbakhsh Bahri Shahnam Abolghasemi Taher TizdastThis study aimed to compare the effect of training pivotal response treatment principles and training Theory of mind principles on executive functions in kids with autism disorder. The method was half- experimental with pre-test, post-test with control group. The statis MoreThis study aimed to compare the effect of training pivotal response treatment principles and training Theory of mind principles on executive functions in kids with autism disorder. The method was half- experimental with pre-test, post-test with control group. The statistical population consisted children with autism disorder in Lahijan city. After assessing, 45 child between 6-13 years old were chosen and then randomly divided into three groups of 15, two intervention groups and a control group.Data collection tool was BRIFF executive functions questionnaire which was completed by parents For the first intervention group, the Pivotal response treatment in 7 sessions and for the second group Theory of Mind principals were taught in 10 sessions and the control group did not receive any training.At the end of training post-test was conducted. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) analysis. The findings showed that intervention groups were significantly different in the post-test, compared to the control group in executive function. The rate of executive functions incerease after intervention and the size of this increase was higher in the theory of mind training group. The result showed that theory of mind training has great effect than PRT training on increasing self-differentiation (P<0/01). The result of LSD test shows the difference between the effectiveness of mind reading and response-oriented therapy on behavior regulation (P <0.01) and metacognition (P <0.01) in children. There is a statistically significant. The results showed that the scores of the intervention groups were significantly different from the control group in the scale of executive functions. Executive functions increased after the interventions and this increase was more in the mind reading group. Findings showed that mind reading training has a greater effect on increasing executive functions than response therapy training. The use of these two methods is recommended to therapists, psychologists and educators who work to educate children with autism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
156 - Design and Development of a serious computerized musical serious game to improve the components of attention in both auditory and visual aspects of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: A case study
reyhaneh panahifar zohreh rafezi Hossein EskandariThe aim of this study was to design and develop a computerized musical serious game to improve the attention components in both auditory and visual aspects of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. First, based on the research background and experts' op MoreThe aim of this study was to design and develop a computerized musical serious game to improve the attention components in both auditory and visual aspects of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. First, based on the research background and experts' opinion, the content of the game was designed, compiled and validated. Then, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the game, a one-case exploratory method was used. For this purpose, a child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder was selected for the intervention and his attention span was assessed in 5 components of attention: selective attention, focused attention, continuous attention, intermittent attention and divided attention into auditory and visual aspects using the computer attention test (IVA-2), before intervention and after intervention (playing a serious game). Designed for 2 weeks (one hour daily). The results of the study of the effectiveness of serious game showed the improvement of the two components of selective attention and focused attention in the auditory and visual aspects of the child with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, but improved other components of attention such as continuous attention, Intermittent and divided attention appeared only in the auditory aspect. In addition, the findings of this study showed that the serious game has a more significant and positive effect on the components of auditory attention than the components of visual attention (P <0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
157 - The Effectiveness of Executive Function-based Training on Enhancement of Self-Control Symptoms in 6-8 Year Old Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Single Case Study
farnaz akvan mehrdad kalantariThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of executive function-based training on enhancement of self-control symptoms in 6-8 year old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was single case study and A-B design. The sta MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of executive function-based training on enhancement of self-control symptoms in 6-8 year old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was single case study and A-B design. The statistical population included all children aged 6-8 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in academic year 2016-2017. Sampling was performed by purposive method and 4 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were selected by psychiatrist using DSM-V and Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire (Conners, 1969), and after recording baseline data, they were intervened in 8 sessions of 45 minutes. Finally, one month after the end of the intervention, follow-up data were collected. Assessment tools included Teacher and Parent Questionnaire (Conners, 1990) and Children's Self-Control Questionnaire (Kendall and Wilcox, 1979). Data were analyzed using in intra-situ method. Visual analysis of the findings showed that the intervention was effective on three of the four subjects and executive function training has an effect on self-control symptoms in 6-8 year old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
158 - The effect of childhood trauma on psychological symptoms mediated by psychological flexibility in students female 20-29 years
parastou miri Ali HosseinaeiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of childhood trauma on psychological symptoms with the mediating role of psychological resilience. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of descriptive nature. The statistical population MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of childhood trauma on psychological symptoms with the mediating role of psychological resilience. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of descriptive nature. The statistical population of the study includes all female undergraduate and graduate students (in the age range of 20 to 29 years) of Shams Gonbad Higher Education Institute in the academic year 2020-2021 with 752 people, which according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 254 people as Research data were selected. Online data collection using Bernstein et al's Child Trauma Questionnaires. (2003), Dennis and Vander's Cognitive Flexibility Inventory(2010) and Derogatis's self-reported symptom checklist (1994). Data analysis was performed using spss25 and liserel 8.8 software. The results showed that the experience of childhood trauma was associated with more psychological symptoms and lower psychological flexibility; in addition, the results of path analysis showed psychological flexibility in the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological symptoms play a mediating role. The results of this study show that psychological resilience can be considered as a therapeutic intervention in people who have experienced trauma in future studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
159 - Content Analysis of Primary School Social Studies Curriculum in Terms of Attention to Child Rights Education
Rahman Paryad Ahmad Salahshoori Mohammadreza Yosofzade chosariThis study aimed to investigate the interdisciplinary attention to children's rights education in the curriculum of elementary school social studies have been conducted in Iran. In this study, a qualitative method to identify the components and characteristics of child MoreThis study aimed to investigate the interdisciplinary attention to children's rights education in the curriculum of elementary school social studies have been conducted in Iran. In this study, a qualitative method to identify the components and characteristics of child rights education also content analysis to analyze the elementary school social studies curriculum has been used. The population in the content analysis was the country’s social studies curriculum in primary schools among which the country’s social studies curriculum third, fourth, fifth and sixth in the year of 2015-2016 has been selected intentionally. In order to collect information, check lists was analysis objectives analysis check list, textbook content check list, and teacher's textbooks content check list. For the analysis of the data, Shannon’s entropy method was used to obtain the credibility ratings of each component and to compare their coefficients. After the study of literature and legal framework, the proposal was developed and its validity was confirmed by a number of experts in education, law and other relevant experts. The findings showed that in the social studies curriculum of primary education in the objectives most credibility rating is related to educational rights (0.274) and less to health rights (0) and justice component (0), among The textbooks most credibility rating was related to health rights (0.205), and less to procedural law component (0.15), and amongThe teacher's textbooks most credibility rating was related to specific support (0.243) and less to procedural law component (0). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
160 - The investigation of the reliability level of educational program of philosophy for children (p4c) in Education activities on controlling internalized and externalized anger in male high schools students in Tehran
عزت اله نادریTheThe aim of the recent study was to investigate the the reliability level of educational program of philosophy for children (p4c) in education activities in order to control internalized and externalized anger in male high schools students in Tehran. The t MoreTheThe aim of the recent study was to investigate the the reliability level of educational program of philosophy for children (p4c) in education activities in order to control internalized and externalized anger in male high schools students in Tehran. The type of the research was applied and by using quasi- experimental method. It was done by the research design of preliminary and final tests with a control group without random selection. The statistical population of the research was all highschool male students of the 1st grade of high school in 14th district enrolled in 2014-2015. There were 2994. The sample size of the study was 60students that were non-randomly placed in two groups of 30experimental and 30control groups. After the course of (p4c), a questionnaire of the State-Trait Anger Expression and Inventory- 2 Spielberger (STAXI-2) was used in order to collect data and in order to analyze data the Covariance analysis test was used by using SPSS in addition to the descriptive statistics. The findings of this research answered this general question: Does the performance of educational program of philosophy for children (p4c) in education activities have an effect on controlling internalized and externalized anger in male highschool students or not? These resuls confirmed the reliability of educational program of philosophy for children (p4c) to control the teenagers’ anger and place it in education activities, on one of its component, the externalized management of teenagers’ anger and it did not confirm on other components, decreasing internalized anger. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
161 - Conceptual Framework of educational Package compilation of Cognitive and Neuropsychological plays in Children with Dyslexia
Najmeh Dehghan mohammad ali nadi salar faramarzi Mozhgan Arefithe general purpose of the research is analyzing a conceptual framework for building a educational package of cognitive and neuropsychological plays in children with dyslexia, through using cognitive and neuropsychological factors of dyslexia. Through using available sa Morethe general purpose of the research is analyzing a conceptual framework for building a educational package of cognitive and neuropsychological plays in children with dyslexia, through using cognitive and neuropsychological factors of dyslexia. Through using available sampling method, all researches performed up from2001 to 2017 have been analyzed. Data were analyzed using content analysis method and Nvivo software. Data analysis showed 8 organizing contents: Cognitive-perceptual deficits, deficit in memory skills, deficit in attention, and deficit in phonological processing, deficit in central cohesion, deficit in the naming and processing rate, deficit in motor skills and deficit in executive functions. Also 38 basic contents were appeared for building an educational package of cognitive and neuropsychological plays in children with dyslexia.In order to assess the validity and appropriateness of the proposed model a questionnaire was desined and distributed among the experts who had knowledge and expertise in the field of learning disorders and coding reliability was confirmed using the Holstee method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
162 - Methods for Child Social Education Based on Quran and Nahjulbalaghah
fatemeh ramezani masoud heidariEducation has been a focus of attention of various religions and schools of thought for centuries. There are different dimensions to education. A leading dimension is social education. For social education, too, the best period is childhood since it is a very good time MoreEducation has been a focus of attention of various religions and schools of thought for centuries. There are different dimensions to education. A leading dimension is social education. For social education, too, the best period is childhood since it is a very good time and opportunity for every type of social learning. The socialization trend is faster in childhood. As a self-contained religion, Islam is the divine way of living to people. Its teachings can be used as a valuable and efficient source of extracting and explaining educational methods. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to develop child social education methods based on the Quran and Nahjulbalaghah. Subsequent to explorations and scrutiny of the existing sources accomplished both descriptively and analytically, a total of six methods for child education emerged. Further, recommendations commensurate with each method were made to teachers and parents to help use the findings. The methods explored were exemplar, preventive, admonitory, incentive, punitive and educative. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
163 - Relationship between Family Emotional Climate and Development of Social Skills and Achievement of Students Primary
محمدحسین محبی نورالدین وند سعید مشتاقی مسعود شهبازی The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between the family ’ s affective atmosphere and development of social skills along with academic achievement of male and female students of fourth and fifth grades in the elementary schools of Masjed More The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between the family ’ s affective atmosphere and development of social skills along with academic achievement of male and female students of fourth and fifth grades in the elementary schools of Masjed-Soleiman. The subjects were 289 (147 boys and 142 girls) students, selected randomly using multi-stage sampling. Measurement tools in this study were Heilburn's family members of affective relations inventory, Keramati's test of social skills development and scholastic average to measure the achievement performance. The results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between the affective atmosphere of family and social skills development of boy and girl students. Also the results of analyzing multiple regressions showed that from among the domains of affective atmosphere of family, the sense of security in boy and the affection and having common experiences with parents in girl students are the best predictors of social skills development. There is a positive and significant relationship between the affective atmosphere of family and academic achievement of boy and girl students as well. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
164 - The study of the impact of teaching philosophy to children on nurturing their research spirit among the preschool students
زهره جعفری پروین صمدی یحیی قائدیthe present communities, likewise in Iran, the present study was carried out with the aim of studying the impact of teaching philosophy to the children on nurturing the research spirit among the preschool students. The semi-experimental method of the immediate post-test Morethe present communities, likewise in Iran, the present study was carried out with the aim of studying the impact of teaching philosophy to the children on nurturing the research spirit among the preschool students. The semi-experimental method of the immediate post-test type along with a control group was applied in this research. The statistical population of this research consisted of 12 preschool students in a kindergarten in Tehran and the statistical sample (6 people) were selected purposefully as the experimental group. The experimental group received 15 sessions of philosophy teaching and in the last session, both the experimental group and the control group were filmed. The video, then, was given to 5 experts in order to reply to the respective questionnaires (Ranking students based on their research sprit). The Collected data, using descriptive statistical methods (Frequency Distribution Table, Graph of a frequency distribution, Dispersion and central indices) were analyzed. The parametric t-test for two independent groups (Due to distanced scale measurement, normality of the distribution, and existence of two independent groups) and non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test were, also, used for testing the research hypotheses. What being indicated from the findings was that that teaching philosophy to children not only has a great impact on the students' cognition (curiosity, question making, reasoning, critical thinking, creativity, interest in experimenting and experiencing) but also has a high effect on their emotion (interest in clarity, enthusiasm, partnership, independence, self-assurance, self- assertion). In general, implementation of this program has had a great impact on the research spirit of these children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
165 - The Effectiveness of Life Values Training (Happiness, Peace, Respect, Responsibility, Cooperation, Tolerance) to Childs on Their Social Growth and Them Parents Self- Efficacy
nazfar moghtaderi zhale refahiThe purpose of this study was to specify the effectiveness of teaching life values to preschool children on their social growth and efficacy of their parents. This research was a Quasi-experimental study with design the pretest – posttest with control group. MoreThe purpose of this study was to specify the effectiveness of teaching life values to preschool children on their social growth and efficacy of their parents. This research was a Quasi-experimental study with design the pretest – posttest with control group. The statistical population of this study consists of all preschool children who were in kindergartens under welfare organization in the Shiraz city in 1389, from whom 351 children were selected with using multi stage cluster sampling, and was performed to them Winelend social growth questionnaire and Adams and sharer’s self-efficacy assessment to their parents . After completing the questionnaire, 30 numbers of people who had score lower than a quorum, were randomly selected and divided into two experimental and control groups. Experimental group trained 10 sessions of 2 hours of life values. The gathering data was analyses with using software SPSS and Covariance test. Research findings showed that, differences in two experimental and control groups in terms of children social growth (P < span dir="rtl">>0.002) and efficacy of their parents (P < span dir="rtl">>0.02) has reached a significant level. Size of training effect is respectively 30 and 18 percent Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
166 - Stories for âphilosophy for kidsâ program based on critical thinking
javad farzanfar a.akbar ajamPresent research has done by using content analysis in intellectual type of stories to show how philosophy for kids can achive its main goals, fostering critical thinking, in the stories which are in children's literature. As much as possible, the researcher tried t MorePresent research has done by using content analysis in intellectual type of stories to show how philosophy for kids can achive its main goals, fostering critical thinking, in the stories which are in children's literature. As much as possible, the researcher tried to choose well-known stories for audiences and acceptable for critics, experts and writers of kids and teenagers literature and the movement of teaching philosophy for Children. For example Morteza Khosro nejad, Yahya Ghaedi’s ideas have been used and to improve the philosophic level of stories, Mir Abdelhosien Naghib zadeh’s idea has been used too. Purposive sampling is used for sample size. Studing stories stopped when researcher found out the repetitive points. The texts of stories were the analysis unit. The findings showed that the stories have the potential of developing critical thinking in their readers adequately and beautifully. Therefore, studying and discussing these stories by kids and teenagers can help the program of “philosophy for kids” and reaching better results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
167 - The Effect of Motivational-Social Factors of Reading at Home and School on Reading Attitude of Fourth and Fifth Grades of Elementary Schoolâs Students
mohammad ahmadi dehghotbaddini hassan ahhadiThis research has been done with the purpose of studying the effect of home literacy environment, parents positive reading attitude and children’s reading interactions at home and school environment on children’s positive reading attitude of fourth and fifth MoreThis research has been done with the purpose of studying the effect of home literacy environment, parents positive reading attitude and children’s reading interactions at home and school environment on children’s positive reading attitude of fourth and fifth grades of elementary school’s students. To perform this correlational research, the methods and the required data by using the Chiu and Ko reading dimension questionnaire (2005) were applied from a sample of n=352 students in the fourth and fifth grades of Rafsanjan township through random clustered sampling. The data were analyzed using path analysis method. Results revealed that the direct effect of purposeful reading behavior of parents and family socioeconomic status on parents positive reading attitude was positive and significant. The effect of parent positive reading attitude on children’s positive reading attitude and children’s reading interactions at home environment was positive and significant but on reading interactions in school was not significant. Results also revealed that the reading interactions at home and school environment had a significant effect on creation of children’s positive reading attitude, and the effect of reading interactions at home environment was stronger too. Other results revealed that mother’s positive reading attitude played a more important role in increasing of reading interactions and creation of children’s positive reading attitude at home environment with regard to the father’s attitude Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
168 - The explanation of the philosophical fundamentals (epistemology) of teaching philosophy to children in Iran
Zahra Jabal-ameli Foroushani Alireza Yousefy yahya Ghaedi Narges KeshtiarayPhilosophy is known as one of the effective programs in training thinking in childeran.In order to produce the intended results this program should firstly be adjusted with the national curriculum. Once being localized, the contents are to be designed. The aim of the pr MorePhilosophy is known as one of the effective programs in training thinking in childeran.In order to produce the intended results this program should firstly be adjusted with the national curriculum. Once being localized, the contents are to be designed. The aim of the present research was presenting the philosophical fundamentals (epistemology) of philosophy for children in Iran. The method being used was of qualitative content analysis, while applying deductive category application and adaptive combination method. The data were collected through utilizing library research and then were analyzed using the comparative analysis of categorization system. The results obtained indicated that there were some similarities and differences between epistemology fundamentals of philosophy for children in the West and the national curriculum in Iran. The fundamentals of epistemology of philosophy in Iran which were extracted using the adaptive combination indicated the two states of epistemology namely as “real” and “presumed” human’s capability to discover and create awareness. While being dynamic, awareness is stable, too. Different means for reaching to awareness are as: senses, imagination, contemplation, intellect, intuition, and discovery the limits on understanding the human being and attending to minimal realism. Awareness is a comprehensive outlook to the human’s essentials in order to improve his material and spiritual conditions. It is also a research method used for examining philosophical issues. Inspiration, nature, and intellect are the different resources of awareness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
169 - Content Analysis of Sixth Grade Social Studies Text Book Based on the Elements of the Fundamental Reform Document of Education
alireza ghasemizad fatemeh asadollahiPresent research has done by using content analysis in intellectual type of stories to show how philosophy for kids can achive its main goals, fostering critical thinking, in the stories which are in children's literature. As much as possible, the researcher tried t MorePresent research has done by using content analysis in intellectual type of stories to show how philosophy for kids can achive its main goals, fostering critical thinking, in the stories which are in children's literature. As much as possible, the researcher tried to choose well-known stories for audiences and acceptable for critics, experts and writers of kids and teenagers literature and the movement of teaching philosophy for Children. For example Morteza Khosro nejad, Yahya Ghaedi’s ideas have been used and to improve the philosophic level of stories, Mir Abdelhosien Naghib zadeh’s idea has been used too. Purposive sampling is used for sample size. Studing stories stopped when researcher found out the repetitive points. The texts of stories were the analysis unit. The findings showed that the stories have the potential of developing critical thinking in their readers adequately and beautifully. Therefore, studying and discussing these stories by kids and teenagers can help the program of “philosophy for kids” and reaching better results. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
170 - Eight toy selection criteria
Nafiseh rafiei zohreh saadatmandThe aim of the present study was to examine the eight criteria (age, sex, safety, price, diversity, application, appearance, culture and values of the society) in choosing toys from the perspective of the parents of children aged 4-6 in Sepahan city of Isfahan. The rese MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the eight criteria (age, sex, safety, price, diversity, application, appearance, culture and values of the society) in choosing toys from the perspective of the parents of children aged 4-6 in Sepahan city of Isfahan. The research method is descriptive survey in terms of target and data collection. The statistical population includes the parents of children aged 4-6, 13 kindergartens and preschool children in Sepahan city of Isfahan in the academic year of 2015-2016.Using cluster sampling method, 200 were selected as samples. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire made by a researcher made of 32 questions. The reliability of the Cronbach alpha test was confirmed at 89%. The results of descriptive and inferential statistics analysis using spss19 software were used in addition to frequency distribution and percentage of Friedman test, one way ANOVA and post hoc tests. The results indicate that there is no significant difference between the parents' view of education, different occupations and the number of children in the choice of toys for their children. However, the views of parents of different age groups showed a significant difference in 6 criteria of 8 criteria for selecting toys for children. Also, the three main criteria for selecting a toy are, respectively, the fitting of playing equipment with the age and gender of the child and the use of toys, and considering the standard of culture and values of society as a criterion that is often neglected by parents in the choice of toy, was determined. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
171 - Content Analysis of Farsi Elementary School Reading Textbooks Based on Philosophical Thought Criterions on Lippman's theory
Marziyeh Motamedi Mohammadabadi Elham Azimi Reza Ali NowroziTeaching philosophy has been proposed as an important program to train of thought in most countries in the world. The main objective of this study was to analyze the content of Persian elementary school reading books (with an emphasis on the stories) based on components MoreTeaching philosophy has been proposed as an important program to train of thought in most countries in the world. The main objective of this study was to analyze the content of Persian elementary school reading books (with an emphasis on the stories) based on components of philosophical thought in the philosophy for children program. The data collection was performed by content analysis method based on a list of philosophical thinking measures including three concepts (reasoning, conceptualization and judgment) and twelve sub-components. The population consisted of reading books of first to sixth grade of Iran in 2016. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used. In analyzed books, a total of 578 components related to the concepts of philosophical thinking were identified. The results suggested that in the textbook under study the highest frequencies were allocated to the category of reasoning and judgment has obtained the lowest attention. Also among the textbooks under study the reading textbooks of fifth and sixth grade were more focused on the components of philosophical thinking and the lowest level was associated with the reading textbook of the first grade. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
172 - A Comparative Study of Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi’s View on Early Childhood Education
Shahla Hosseini mohamad hossin heidari zohreh saadatmandThe purpose of this study is to compare the Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi’s View in the field of early childhood education. This qualitative research utilized a transcendental analytic method. The study field, all the national and international written and non-wr MoreThe purpose of this study is to compare the Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi’s View in the field of early childhood education. This qualitative research utilized a transcendental analytic method. The study field, all the national and international written and non-written references in the field of the research’s subject. For selecting the sample among the existing references and documents, theoretical sampling method was used. Also, electronic note taking was used for gathering the data. Data analysis was conducted by qualitative content analysis with deductive categorical system type and in three stages of open, central and selective coding. Results of the research suggested the presence of high similarities between the views of Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi. Emphasis on comprehensive growth of children, integrative organization of curriculum, utilizing various learning activities, considering individual differences between children, using active teaching methods, and employing alternative or original assessment methods are among the most important similarities between these two views. However, there are some differences between the views of Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi on curriculum, including goal, teaching methods, teacher’s role and assessment methods. Finally, the most important implications of Montessori and Loris Malaguzzi’s views on pre-school education were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
173 - Analyzing teachers' knowledge of developmental-educational characteristics of preschool children in Iran
saidkarm nourinfar Mohamad Reza Emam Jomea fharedh himidy alireza assarehThe purpose of this research is to "examine the knowledge of educators about the developmental-educational characteristics of preschool children in Iran". The approach of this research is qualitative and phenomenological. , Ilam and Kermanshah were selected purposefully MoreThe purpose of this research is to "examine the knowledge of educators about the developmental-educational characteristics of preschool children in Iran". The approach of this research is qualitative and phenomenological. , Ilam and Kermanshah were selected purposefully. The data collection tool included a semi-structured interview, which the researcher used to measure the knowledge of preschool teachers about children's developmental-educational characteristics. The validity of the intended tool was determined in two ways, "form and content" using the opinion of educational experts in the field of preschool children's education and psychology experts. In this section, the reliability method of agreement between two coders was used to check the reliability of the interviews. The findings of the research showed that the teachers' knowledge of the ratio of educational-developmental characteristics in the components of emotional-social, mental-cognitive, language-speech, creativity and innovation is weak and the level of knowledge of the teachers with the educational needs and characteristics of children's religious-moral development is within It was desirable Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
174 - Designing a model for empowering preschool teachers with SCOPE approaches in Iran.
saidkarm nourinfar Mohamad Reza Emam Jomea alireza assareh fharedh himidyThe purpose of the research is to design a model of empowering pre-primary school teachers with the "scope" approach in Iran, the research was conducted qualitatively and using the basic data method to analyze and analyze the data using the Corbin and Strauss model, as MoreThe purpose of the research is to design a model of empowering pre-primary school teachers with the "scope" approach in Iran, the research was conducted qualitatively and using the basic data method to analyze and analyze the data using the Corbin and Strauss model, as well as open, axial and selective coding. The sampling method was purposeful and in the form of snowball, the sample size was 20 experts and experts in the field of curriculum planning, three-tiered methods were used for validity and reliability. The findings showed that the components (organizational atmosphere, principles and necessity of support) From the conditions of management strategies, the components (value-oriented, encouragement, unit and organization) of the consequent factors were identified in the design of the preschool teachers' empowerment model with the "Scope" approach. According to the findings of the research, it is suggested to the planners in Iran by adopting a combined approach focused on orientation aspects, rule orientation, justice orientation, teaching key experiences of teaching active approach, teaching creative and critical thinking, professional competence and human relationship). From the conditions of competence principles, components (process, growth-oriented and integrated method) from educational strategies, phenomena (lack of motivation, inefficient support centers and faulty evaluation) from intervening conditions, phenomena (scientific management concepts, creating a competitive-friendly environment and Work policy-strategy (from background conditions and quality education of people at distinct and prominent individual levels of each component, provide the right background for designing programs for empowering preschool teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
175 - Analyzing the dimensions and quality of parents' interactions in the process of virtual teaching and learning
Rahmat Allah Khosravi mina nezamiThe current research was designed and implemented with the aim of identifying the dimensions of parents' interactions with children and primary school teachers in the process of virtual teaching and learning. This research was conducted qualitatively and in a phenomenol MoreThe current research was designed and implemented with the aim of identifying the dimensions of parents' interactions with children and primary school teachers in the process of virtual teaching and learning. This research was conducted qualitatively and in a phenomenological way with a purposeful sampling method. The studied participants were 14 mothers of male and female elementary school students in Abhar city who were subjected to virtual education in the academic year of 2020-2021. The data collection tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview. The text of the interviews were reviewed and analyzed using the theme analysis method and the interviews were continued until the saturation of the data. Validity check was done using two methods of long-term engagement and asking colleagues and reliability check was done through participant review method. The findings of the research showed that parents, through building trust, paying attention to the emotional-psychological condition of their children, creating creative methods to increase their participation, increasing technological literacy, finding effective communication channels with the teacher and cooperating with the teacher in the learning-teaching process. They can increase the effectiveness of virtual education for their children's learning. In this research, parent-child interaction, constructive and active quality, and parent-teacher interaction were at an average level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
176 - investigating the mediating role of the neighborhood environment in the effect of parental support and physical activity on children's physical activity
Narges Azam Nezami Ali Zarei Farshad Tojari SeyedHamid Sadjadi Hezaveh Forough MohammadiAbstractObjective : The main purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of the neighborhood environment in the effect of parental support and physical activity on children's physical activity.Methodology: This research was carried out as a descriptive - MoreAbstractObjective : The main purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of the neighborhood environment in the effect of parental support and physical activity on children's physical activity.Methodology: This research was carried out as a descriptive - correlational work and based on structural equation modeling . The statistical population consisted of all male and female students aged 9 - 11 years in Tehran and their parents (n=299,610). In total , 384 were selected based on Morgan’s Table and 400 questionnaires were collected . The participants were selected through a random cluster- method. In this study, the physical activity questionnaires for children by K Kowalski et al. (1997), the parental support for physical activity by Beets et al. (2006), the level of physical activity by Craig et al. (2003), and the neighborhood environment by Sallis et al. (2010) were used as data gathering tools. Formal, content, and structure validity were obtained using the confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha method. For data analysis , SPSS software was used and for modeling structural equations Smart PLS (v.2) was used. Results : The results showed the positive and significant effects of parental support (β = 0.662, t = 18.724) on children's physical activity , parents' physical activity (β = 0.486, t = 12.235) on children's physical activity , parental support (β = 0.468, t = 12,139) on the neighborhood environment, parents' physical activity (β = 0.572, t = 13.673) on the neighborhood environment, and the neighborhood environment (β = 0.766, t= 29.026) on children's physical activity. Finally, the results of Sobel test and VAF confirmed the mediating role of the neighborhood environment and supported the optimal fit of the research model.Conclusion : Parents and family members must enhance their role in children's physical activities. Parents can improve the role of the neighborhood environment in increasing children's physical activity by planning group programs and attending parks and sports venues in the neighborhood. In particular, they can participate in sports and recreation programs with their children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
177 - Exploring the Components of Aesthetics in Collaborative Architecture Education Spaces from the Perspective of Preschool Children
Anahita Eskandari Fahimeh Motazedian Ahmad Mirza Kouchak KhoshnevisCreating effective educational environments for children necessitates the utilization of innovative and dynamic spaces that foster their talents and creativity. The design of such spaces is a paramount concern in children's education. Empowering children to articulate t MoreCreating effective educational environments for children necessitates the utilization of innovative and dynamic spaces that foster their talents and creativity. The design of such spaces is a paramount concern in children's education. Empowering children to articulate their preferences in educational settings can significantly contribute to the architectural design process, resulting in more suitable learning environments. This study explores the architectural elements of collaborative educational spaces from the perspective of preschool children. A total of 212 randomly selected children from across the country participated in the "Anna P. Taylor" educational program, emphasizing a cooperative approach. The study identifies and analyzes essential architectural components required for the development of collaborative educational environments tailored for preschool children, including considerations related to space quality, style, lighting, colors, sounds, and materials. The research employs content analysis, questionnaires, student interviews, crafts, and paintings to scrutinize these components. The findings underscore the significance of color, texture, materials, geometric shapes, volumes, and design approaches in the eyes of children. These factors are categorized as internal and external architectural elements within educational spaces, and the insights gained from this research can guide educational space designers in catering to children's needs. This, in turn, facilitates enhanced learning experiences and the creation of more engaging and efficient spaces for young learners. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
178 - Relentless struggle between soul and his six childrenin Elahi Nameh by Attar Neyshabouri
Nahid JafariSheikh Farid Aldin Attar, Neyshabour's master, is considered a Sufi poet, a mystic poet and a signification creator. His rhetoric can't be accounted as his mere skill, he is persistence in writing should also be thought of. The significance of his thoughts is heightened MoreSheikh Farid Aldin Attar, Neyshabour's master, is considered a Sufi poet, a mystic poet and a signification creator. His rhetoric can't be accounted as his mere skill, he is persistence in writing should also be thought of. The significance of his thoughts is heightened in that they reveal the authentic instincts of human beings and the reader is freed from himself and he is attracted to definitive horizons of God's thoughts. Attar's works release his contemplations on mysticism and literature as in Elahi Nameh. This book, in his words, a "Devine Treasure" and his words are "Pure Monotheism" is poem which reflects spiritual and mystical along with mysterious points. This collection is replete with stories and fables. Since attar's works mainly converse about soul, this book is also highlighting the relentless struggle of soul, the soul which belongs to the divine world and not the earth. Attar makes all attempts to return this divine gift safely to its real land. Therefore; soul plays the role of a Caliph with six children. This Caliph fights against any deterrents such as lust, greed, magnanimity, etc since they are born by self and treated as their children and they prevent his travel from temporal world to the divine world. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
179 - Evaluation of the design components of children's living and leisure space (case Study: playground of district parks in 4 region of Zanjan city)
esmaeil DaviranCity parks are one of the spaces for breathing, family rest and children's entertainment, as well as a place for teaching social skills. Children's play space is known as a dynamic, active space and a place for children to be present and focus, so that they can release MoreCity parks are one of the spaces for breathing, family rest and children's entertainment, as well as a place for teaching social skills. Children's play space is known as a dynamic, active space and a place for children to be present and focus, so that they can release their emotions and energy in these spaces and learn part of life skills. The compatibility of children's play space with its design components such as location, placement, desirability, safety and security, children's playground furniture is a subject that has been less addressed and requires more attention in the field of management, planning and urban design. This article aims to explain the effective components of design in children's playgrounds in public parks. Descriptive-analytical research method is mainly descriptive and inferential statistics (Variance and Pearson). The results of the research showed that the design components of children's playgrounds in public parks in the four cities of Zanjan are relatively lower than the leveled average and tend to be unfavorable. Also, the geographical distance, economic and social context of the location of the parks are not very effective in the degree of compliance with the principles of playground design, and the parks have the same conditions in terms of the design status. Among the design components of the children's playground, the safety and security component of the ground was found to be the most important design components. Between the level of safety and security components and the presence of children in the playground, with a confidence factor of 95% and a significance level of Sig: 0.000, with a correlation value of 0.640 for safety and 0.720 for the security component, which shows the relationship It is significant with a strong and positive direction.Expanded Abstract Introduction:According to Kevin Lynch, children learn more outside of school and in society than they learn in school (Lynch, 1980, pp. 9-12). Schools cannot be considered a fully responsible place for their activities. . Designing a suitable space for children to play in today's cities is a necessity that requires more attention from urban planners in the field of decision-making. In the concept of child-friendly cities, attention and consideration of the necessary spaces for children's mobility and their social development in urban and special spaces is very important. The present research has investigated the principles and evaluation of the design components of children's playground as one of the requirements of a child-friendly city and has evaluated its components by focusing on regional functional parks in the 4th region of Zanjan city. The hypotheses are as follows: the design components of children's playgrounds in the city parks of Zanjan 4 region do not have relative desirability in some dimensions. Second, in terms of the design components of children's playgrounds, urban parks on a regional scale, despite the geographical distance and economic class, have the same relative status in most of the components. Third, there is a significant relationship between the factor of park security and the safety of playground equipment and supplies and the presence of parents with children.Data and MethodThis article has investigated the design components of children's playgrounds in regional functional parks in the four cities of Zanjan by using descriptive-analytical methods and using descriptive statistics and variance and Pearson tests. The examined components include security, safety, land condition, access to services, furniture, neighborhood, vegetation, environmental desirability, and passive defense, which are examined in the form of 9 components and 48 variables. The number of samples was 260, and the data was completed by the questionnaire from the users. The reliability of the research was obtained as 0.714, which has a suitable reliability coefficient.Results and DiscussionIn general, descriptive and inferential statistics data analysis shows:The state of the total design components of children's playgrounds in parks with the regional performance of the 4th district of Zanjan city is lower than the determined level and tends to be unfavorable.The comparison of children's playgrounds in the parks in terms of design components has shown the same relative situation, in the meantime, Baharestan Park is slightly better in some design components due to its history of construction and equipment, age, and location.The factor of geographical distance and economic and income difference in observing the principles of children's playground design in the studied parks has relatively little influence and the condition of the studied parks despite having a physical distance of 4 kilometers and the economic distance of the residents is relatively the same, is lower than the standard level. And it tends to the unfavorable side.The components of access to services around the park and the physical condition of the land (in terms of shape, form, and compaction) are higher than the standard and tend to be in a favorable condition compared to other components.According to Pearson's statistical test, there is a significant relationship between the level of security and safety of the park and playground and the level of attendance at the 95% confidence level with a significance value of Sig=0.000.According to the Pearson correlation test, the correlation coefficient of the safety component is equal to 0.650 and the security component is 0.720, which indicates a strong correlation level with a positive direction with the amount and duration of the presence of families and children in the park.ConclusionThe present study evaluated one of the components of a child-friendly city, i.e., children's playgrounds in city parks on the scale of the geographical area, and concluded that children's playgrounds were not in a good condition in the components of environmental desirability, safety, security, furniture, and variety. And the necessity demands the attention of urban management. This research did not observe any noticeable difference in the location of children's park and playground with the level of geographical distance and the level of economic class of the residents and generally evaluated the situation as relatively the same. Also, the two components of security and safety were the most effective factors in attracting children and families to the park and its playground compared to other components and a significant relationship was observed between them. Comparing the results of this research with other researches, it gave relatively similar results. The results of this research indicate that the design of children's playgrounds in urban parks is relatively outside the specialized field, or that the urban management in its design has relied more on the basic needs of children (having minimal equipment), which is necessarily incomplete. The need to change the approach in designing, organizing, developing and equipping children's parks and playgrounds should be given more attention by city management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
180 - The function of allegory in conveying concepts based on wisdom and advice in children's stories of the eighties
Somayeh Rasooli Seyed Ahmad i Hosseini Kazerun seyedmahmood seyedsadegi seyedgafar hamidiAllegory has a special place in literature, especially in children's literature. But in the allegory, the characters of the story do not play a role in their place; Rather, each character represents a certain stratum in society or a certain individual. In allegorical st MoreAllegory has a special place in literature, especially in children's literature. But in the allegory, the characters of the story do not play a role in their place; Rather, each character represents a certain stratum in society or a certain individual. In allegorical stories, an instructive and instructive point is stated by using the language of an example, and in this way, the audience does not feel that they are being directly addressed and admonished from a higher or even equal position. and in addition, the concepts intended by the author are better understood by the audience. This method is very practical and effective, especially in the case of children's and adolescent literature. Children communicate better with allegorical stories, especially fables, and the concepts become understandable and enjoyable for them. In this research, using a descriptive-analytical method and using library tools, the function of allegory in a number of children's stories of the 80s has been explored to convey the concepts of wisdom and advice, and each work is considered to be allegorical or not from the point of view of how the story is processed. And the inclusion of legal, moral, spiritual or social instructions and points has been examined. The result of the research shows that the use of all kinds of allegory, especially the fable type, can lead to the creation of an educational work based on advice and wisdom, and the use of allegory creates an enjoyable and entertaining atmosphere in the story. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
181 - Examinnig the simile and simile realm in naser keshavarz children s poems and shaaban nejad iegend
abbas sayadi daryakenari majid azizi SHAHROKH HEKMATAbstractSimile is one of the imaginary images that is used a lot in children's literature, especially poetry. Among the elements of simile, likeness and simile are more important because simile shows the speaker's imagination, and simile also shows a common relationship MoreAbstractSimile is one of the imaginary images that is used a lot in children's literature, especially poetry. Among the elements of simile, likeness and simile are more important because simile shows the speaker's imagination, and simile also shows a common relationship between the two elements of simile and simile, which often does not exist in the same way in both. . In this research, the poems of Nasser Keshavarz and Afshana Shabannejad have been studied in terms of the realm of similes and the type of similes in terms of functionality and imagery, and the result is that the most similes of Shabannejad include elements of nature and the most similes of Keshavarz They include nature and animals Also, both poets have mostly used the pseudo-image aspect and the function and mobility in the aspect of pseudo-images have been less desired, therefore it can be concluded that according to both poets, one of the goals of children's poetry is to depict nature and elements. It is related to it.Key words: Afsana Shaban Nejad, Nasser Keshavarz, children's poetry, likeness, likeness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
182 - Aesthetics in the works of naser keshavarz
naser kazem khanlu hossein ariyan nasrin biranvandTalk about artists and philosophers. In the past the aesthetics. Beautiful form of poetry in form and content elements interact with each other.in a review of chidrens poetry harmonic and rhythmic aesthetic of clear rational instrument of thought and fantasy of the orig MoreTalk about artists and philosophers. In the past the aesthetics. Beautiful form of poetry in form and content elements interact with each other.in a review of chidrens poetry harmonic and rhythmic aesthetic of clear rational instrument of thought and fantasy of the original elements. To get a true insight and understanding of the singers can be of utility and aesthetics valve to make deep thoughts and inner worlds and poets became emotional and in this way to angles and khbayay entered their minds and by understanding and more insight immortal hesitated.The present research A comparative study of aesthetic array literal and spiritual works of naser keshavarz and with the aim of introducing aesthatic aspects of chidrens portry naser keshavarz has been developed. This research method is descriptive and analytical nature and the purpose of theoretical and material provided library studies.The most important aspects of the aesthetic poetry naser keshavarz on the outer side of the inner and spiritual music is studied. .The result of this research shows that the industry naser keshavarz expressive and innovative childrens poetry have special significance Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
183 - Grammatical Competence Development of Nursery School Children Acquiring Persian
Farhad Tayebipour Mohammad Javad Riasati -
Open Access Article
184 - A Study of the Main Elements of the Themes in Children’s Poems in the Eighties
mandana alimiMir The study of the themes in children’s poems is one way to find out what poetic theme aspects the poets of every era were interested in. the results can contribute to the analysis of the effective factors. The present article studies the poems printed in the e MoreMir The study of the themes in children’s poems is one way to find out what poetic theme aspects the poets of every era were interested in. the results can contribute to the analysis of the effective factors. The present article studies the poems printed in the eighties (Iranian calendar). The concepts studied include naturalism, socio-political issues, entertainment, religion, science, education, and ethics. The most frequent concept was naturalism (37.9%) and the least frequent was ethics (2.7%). The most frequent topic in the poems focused on nature was the animals (42.3%) and the least frequent topic was day and night (2.8%). Further studies are required to study why there are few poems on the topics of education and ethics and why naturalism and socio-political issues are very prevalent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
185 - Vitamin D3 Supplementation and Aquatic Exercise Combination as A Safe- Efficient Therapeutic Strategy to ameliorate Interleukin-6 and 10, and social interaction in Children with Autism
Fahimeh AdibSaber Soleyman Ansari Kolachahi Alireza Elmieh Akbar Allahyari Karnagh Babak Barkadehi -
Open Access Article
186 - Contribution to the knowledge of Megachilidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in the Yazd province, Iran
L. Dehghan Dehnavi A. A. Talebi Sh. Goldasteh R. Vafaei Shooshtari A. NadimiA survey was conducted to identify the part megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Megachilidae) in the Yazd province located in central of Iran during 2011–2013. The specimens were collected using sweeping net from different habitats. In total, 4436 Megachilid sp MoreA survey was conducted to identify the part megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Megachilidae) in the Yazd province located in central of Iran during 2011–2013. The specimens were collected using sweeping net from different habitats. In total, 4436 Megachilid specimens were collected from 13 genera, 18 subgenera and 55 species. Seven species including Osmia (Helicosmia) peregrina, Megachile (Eutricharaea) semicircularis, Megachile (Entricharea) basilaris, Megachile (Pseudomegachile) cinnamomea, Megachile (Pseudomegachile) seraxensis, Megachile (Pseudomegachile) sanguinipes,and Icteranthidium ovasi are new records for Iran. Host plant association and geographical distributions of the known species from Yazd province are given. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
187 - Redefinition of the Participation Process of the Architecture and the Child Based on Children’s Creative Thinking Abilities
Behnam Behnia Mehran Kheirollahi Mahdi Sahragard Atefeh Soltanifar -
Open Access Article
188 - Investigating the Generalizability of Participatory Architecture Design Process Results Based on the Interpretation of Children's Drawings (Case study: Comparing the Drawings of Children of Bojnourd and the Villages of Zard and Khorramdeh-e Sharqi)
Behnam Behnia Mehran Kheirollahi Mahdi Sahragard Atefeh Soltanifar -
Open Access Article
189 - Participatory Planning; Providing Conceptual Model of Factors Affecting Children's Participation in Urban Planning
Hadi Sarvari -
Open Access Article
190 - Determination of the Environmental Design Factors Contributing to Children’s Creativity Based on the Concepts of Shahnameh
Hassan Rezaei Ali Kazemi Sude Farrokhfar Sare Farrokhfar -
Open Access Article
191 - The Mental Pattern of Psychologists and Sociologists Regarding the Causes and Cultural Impairments of Child Marriage in Girls
Fatemeh Jalili Morteza Monadi Hossein KarimiThe purpose of this research was to investigate the mental pattern of psychologists and sociologists regarding the causes and cultural impairments of child marriage in girls. The statistical population included all psychologists and sociologists. The research sample was MoreThe purpose of this research was to investigate the mental pattern of psychologists and sociologists regarding the causes and cultural impairments of child marriage in girls. The statistical population included all psychologists and sociologists. The research sample was 16 interviewees from psychology and sociology specialists who reached theoretical saturation of the collected data by snowball sampling method. The research method was descriptive-survey of the mixed type research (qualitative-quantitative). In the present study, Q (Q) methodology technique was used to collect data. The group of Q expressions (Q) in 29 items was obtained from in-depth interviews with experts and research background. The validity of the content and form of the Q-chart and items was confirmed by the experts. The findings showed that the mentality of experts was classified in the order of priority in six different mental patterns of beliefists, macroists, familyists, socialists, religionists and individualists. Also, the main cause of child marriage of girls was reported by individuals who had the mental pattern of beliefists, beliefs issues, macroists, macro issues, familyists, within family issues, socialists, social issues, religionists, religious issues, and individualists, individual issues. According to the opinion of psychologists and sociologists, enculturation played the main and essential role in preventing child marriage of girls and it is necessary to take more measurements in this field. Using the capacities of the media to show the consequences of child marriage for girls in different ways could be effective in conveying messages and preventing such practice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
192 - Comparing the Rate of Marital Satisfaction and Perceived Social Support in Consanguine and Non- Consanguine Marriage Mothers of Exceptional and Normal Children
Mohammad Mohajerani Gholamali Afrooz Ali Akbar Arjmandnia Sogand GhasemzadehThe aim of this study was comparing the rate of marital satisfaction and perceived social support in consanguine and non- consanguine marriage mothers of exceptional and normal children. The present study was an ex-post facto type. The study population consisted of all MoreThe aim of this study was comparing the rate of marital satisfaction and perceived social support in consanguine and non- consanguine marriage mothers of exceptional and normal children. The present study was an ex-post facto type. The study population consisted of all the boys between 6 and 16 years of exceptional and ordinary children mothers in Tehran. The study participants were 251 couples (126 with consanguine and 125 with non- consanguine marriage women) that were selected through purposive sampling method. The study instruments included: Afrooz (2010) Marital Satisfaction Scale (short form), Zimet (1998) Perceived Social Support Scale. Results showed that there was a significant difference between women with and women without consanguineous marriage with respect to place of birth, age of marriage, spouse selection styles, marital satisfaction and perceived social support (p≤0.05). According to the results of this study, it seemed that women with consanguine marriages had a higher individual and social similarities than non- consanguine marriage women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
193 - The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy on The Experiential Avoidance of Mothers with Autistic Children
Leila Gholamipour Naser Amini Abdollah Shafiabady Moloud KeykhosrovaniThe aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on the avoidance of post-anxiety experience in mothers with autistic children in Ahvaz. The statistical population of this study was all mothers with autistic children in A MoreThe aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on the avoidance of post-anxiety experience in mothers with autistic children in Ahvaz. The statistical population of this study was all mothers with autistic children in Ahvaz. 30 mothers with autistic children were selected by purposive sampling method. After selecting the sample, individuals were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control, 15 mothers in each group. The method of the research was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with control group. The experimental group was exposed to acceptance and commitment based therapy for 8 sessions, 90 minutes each and one session per week. the control group received none. The follow up was conducted two months later. To measure the research variables, the Acceptance and Practice – Questionnaire, Bund et al second version (2011) was implemented. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that there were significant differences in experiential avoidance scores of the experimental and the control groups that means the acceptance and commitment based therapy was effective in reducing experiential avoidance of mothers with autistic children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
194 - Effectiveness of Child- Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) on Parenting Stress and Child- Parent Relationship of Mothers of Children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder
Mohammad Narimani Sara Taghizadeh hirThe present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of child-parent relation therapy on parenting stress and child- parent relationship of mothers of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. The statistical population was whole MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of child-parent relation therapy on parenting stress and child- parent relationship of mothers of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. The statistical population was whole mothers of the children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder who referred to the psychological clinic in Ardebil city whom 30 of them were selected using convenience sampling method and assigned randomly in experimental (n=15) and control group (n=15). The research was quasi-experimental study, included pretest, posttest and follow-up with control group. Subjects were measured by Abidin Parenting Stress Index- short form (1983) and Pianta Child-Parent Relationship Scale (1994). The experimental group participated in 10 sessions (60 minutes) of parent – child relationship therapy and the control group didn’t receive any intervention. Follow up was done after a month and a half. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results indicated that child- parent relationship therapy (CPRT) made a significant difference between the two groups in terms of their means scores in parenting stress and child- parent relationship (p < 0/05). The results showed that therapy based on the parent-child relationship could be considered as an effective way to reduce parenting stress and promote the parent-child relationship of mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. This finding should be used to treat mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. The results were persistent during the follow up. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
195 - Testing a Causal Model of Domestic Violence Based on Mind Reading Through the Eyes and Childhood Psychological Maltreatment Mediated by the Quality of the Marital Relationship in Traumatized Women
Sajjad Basharpoor Matineh EbadiThe aim of this study was to test a causal model of domestic violence based on mind reading through the eyes and childhood psychological maltreatment mediated by the quality of marital relationship in traumatized women. The statistical population of the study consisted MoreThe aim of this study was to test a causal model of domestic violence based on mind reading through the eyes and childhood psychological maltreatment mediated by the quality of marital relationship in traumatized women. The statistical population of the study consisted of all married women traumatized by domestic violence in Ardabil in 2021. The number of subjects was 300 who were selected via convenient sampling method and participated in the study online. The research method was descriptive and correlational. To collect data, Haj-Yahia Domestic Violence Against Women Questionnaire (2002), "Reading the Mind in the Eyes'' Test of Baron and Cohen (2005), Childhood Psychological Abuse Scale of Coates and Messman-Moore (2014), and the Marital Quality Scale of Basbi et al. (1995) were used. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the variables of mind reading through the eyes, childhood psychological maltreatment had a direct effect on domestic violence in traumatized women; And these variables through the quality of marital relationship had an indirect effect on domestic violence in traumatized women. The domestic violence in traumatized women causal model goodness of fit was also confirmed using various indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
196 - Armed Hostilities and Violence against Women and Children from International Regulations Point of View
H. A. Moazanzadegun M. A. Heidari امین NikomanzariThe armed hostility in the present age is one of the most important issues in international and domestic affairs. The world is almost facing civil and international war every day. Preventing such conflicts depends on the development of democracy and respect for human ri MoreThe armed hostility in the present age is one of the most important issues in international and domestic affairs. The world is almost facing civil and international war every day. Preventing such conflicts depends on the development of democracy and respect for human rights and the rule of law in various dimensions. Despite the wars stimulating factors, women and children have always been suffered the most injuries of the wars in different forms based on historical documents. One of the women urgent international problems is the systematic rape against women and children in armed disputes that aimed ethnic cleansing and carried on by brutality. Certainly decisive and serious confronting by the international community could have prevented such inhumane actions .The most important crimes were mentioned in this article referring the international documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
197 - A Study of Child – Rearing Styles and Behavioral Problems of Children with Employed And Unemployed Mothers
زینب Khanjani رقیه MahmoudzadehMothers out door works have different consequences on child rearing practices and behavioralstatus. The current research was purposed to study the child rearing styles and their correlations tochildren behavioral disorders of the employed and unemployed mothers. The pre MoreMothers out door works have different consequences on child rearing practices and behavioralstatus. The current research was purposed to study the child rearing styles and their correlations tochildren behavioral disorders of the employed and unemployed mothers. The present research wasa causal – comparative study. The sample was comprised of 120 pears of mother – child who wereselected randomly from four kindergartens in Tabriz. Rutter Behavioral Disorders Questionnaire(mother – instructor form) And Baumrind Child – Rearing Style Questionnaire were implemented.Data was analyzed by using MANOVA and independent t test. The results have shown that employedand unemployed mothers children with regard to the behavioral problems had no significantdifference. Housewives had more significantly authoritative child rearing style than the employedmothers. But regarding permissive and totalitarian styles, no significant difference between the twogroups was observed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
198 - Providing a family-oriented problem-solving training program for parents of Down syndrome children
Maryam Seidy Gholam Ali Afrooz Leila Kashani Vahid aliakbar arjmandnia keivan kakabraeeAim: This study was developed with the aim of providing a family-oriented problem solving training program for parents of children with Down syndrome. It seems that structural modification of parenting practices is very important to improve the quality of life of all fa MoreAim: This study was developed with the aim of providing a family-oriented problem solving training program for parents of children with Down syndrome. It seems that structural modification of parenting practices is very important to improve the quality of life of all family members. It seems necessary to modify the functional structure of families with children with special needs, including children with Down syndrome, due to their different psycho-social characteristics. Based on this, empowering parents through new cognitive-behavioral approaches such as family-oriented problem solving programs is considered one of the important priorities of developed societies. Methods: In this organized research, first the nature and importance of this issue was investigated, then how to prepare a family-oriented problem solving educational program for parents of children with Down syndrome, which is an innovative combination of "I can solve my problem" and "Education of a thinking child/teenager" program was presented. Results: A review of the available empirical evidence shows that the application of the family-oriented problem solving program has a positive effect on the behavioral change of children and adolescents with special needs and their parents. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the well-being of the family through the formulation of efficient localized programs based on the Iranian-Islamic model. The application of the family-oriented problem-solving training program by the parents of children with Down syndrome has greatly increased their motivation to learn practical interpersonal skills, and parents can provide psychological and social well-being conditions for themselves and their children by adopting a problem-solving coping style. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
199 - A comparison of the effectiveness of group counseling through acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on self-compassion and family resilience of mothers of educable children
mahmod fatahi Asadollah Veisi omid moradiAims: The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of group counseling with acceptance based on commitment and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, self-compassion, and family resilience of mothers of children in education. Method:This research was se MoreAims: The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of group counseling with acceptance based on commitment and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness, self-compassion, and family resilience of mothers of children in education. Method:This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test with a control group and a follow-up period of 5 months. Sampling was done by simple random sampling. From the list of the statistical population of mothers of exceptionally educated students in the two cities of Mallard and Shahryar in the year (1401-1400), (36) people were selected using random numbers and in two experimental groups of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness and therapy based on Acceptance and commitment and a control group were included. Self-compassion(Neff, 2003) and family resilience (Sixbey, 2005) questionnaires were used as research tools. The method of data analysis was covariance analysis to compare means. The software (SPSS 22) was used for data analysis. Findings:The results showed that both methods, therapy based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness in the way of group counseling, have an effect on increasing self-compassion and family resilience of mothers of educated children.The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on increasing self-compassion (59.6%) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (27.9%) was compared to the control group. (P<0.001 and F=106.891) and the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on increasing resilience (81.5%) and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness (45.9%) compared to the control group. (P<0.001 and F=106.891. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it is possible to use the method of group counseling, therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness to increase self-compassion and family resilience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
200 - Investigating the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between resilience and sexual knowledge with marital intimacy in couples with stepchildren in Kermanshah
mahsa farokhi Jahangir Karami Asie MoradiThe structure of the family is constantly evolving, in which step-parents play a fundamental and undeniable role in the course of its evolution. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between resilie MoreThe structure of the family is constantly evolving, in which step-parents play a fundamental and undeniable role in the course of its evolution. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between resilience and sexual knowledge with marital intimacy in couples with stepchildren in 1401 in Kermanshah city. The current research is descriptive of the correlation type. Method: The statistical population includes all couples with stepchildren in the city of Kermanshah, which were selected using the accessible sampling method of 200 parents based on the inclusion criteria. To collect data, Walker and Thompson's (1983) Marital Intimacy Questionnaires, Granfsky et al.'s (2001), Conner and Davidson's Resilience (2003), Ann Hooper's Sexual Knowledge (1992) questionnaires were used. IBM AMOS 24 software was used for data analysis. Findings: The results showed that resilience and sexual knowledge directly have a significant relationship with marital intimacy (p≥0.05). Also, the results showed that cognitive emotion regulation has a significant relationship with marital intimacy in couples with stepchildren (p≥0.05). Other results showed that cognitive emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between resilience and sexual knowledge with marital intimacy in couples with stepchildren (p≥0.05). Conclusion: Based on this, it can be concluded that since troubled relationships and problems between couples affect children, paying attention to the intimacy of couples and teaching structures such as resilience, sexual knowledge, and helping to regulate emotions in couples can help create intimacy between couples. Be influential with the stepchild. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
201 - The effectiveness of Islamic resilience skills training on Parental attitude and Guilt of mothers of blind children
samaneh SARFARAZI ELAHE SARFARAZIAim:The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Islamic resilience skills training on parental attitudes and guilt of mothers with blind children. Method: The research method is clinical trial by pretest-posttest method with a control group and the stati MoreAim:The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Islamic resilience skills training on parental attitudes and guilt of mothers with blind children. Method: The research method is clinical trial by pretest-posttest method with a control group and the statistical population includes mothers of blind children in 2021. Using purposive sampling method, 32 mothers were selected in cyberspace and randomly selected in two groups of control and Experiments were performed. Attitudes of Parents with Special Needs Child towards Their Children Scale’s Govender (2002) and Guilt Questionnaire’s Eisenhower (2007) were used to collect information. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS software version 24. Results: Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the performance of control and experimental groups in improving parental attitude and reducing guilt in the post-test stage (p <0.05). Also, the results of covariance analysis showed that Islamic resilience training has improved the subscales of parental attitudes (acceptance and affection, shame, failure, despair and extreme support) in mothers with blind children.Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that educating mothers based on Islamic resilience has had an effect on improving their attitude towards their children and reducing their guilt; Therefore, it can be used as an effective intervention method based on the culture and religion of the community. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
202 - Investigating the Role of Humor of Manager in Organizational Evolution with the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Happy Child Ego State of Employees (Case Study: Education Department of West Azerbaijan Province)
احمد اسدزاده مسلم یوسفی عبداله دهقانی سهراب احمدزادهIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between humor of manager and organizational evolution with respect to the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and the happy child ego state of employees. Research Methodology: The statist MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between humor of manager and organizational evolution with respect to the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and the happy child ego state of employees. Research Methodology: The statistical population in this study is 197 employees of Education department of West Azerbaijan Province who were selected by available sampling method. This descriptive study was applied in terms of purpose and was done with a survey method. In order to analyze the data, the partial least squares method and Smart PLS 2 software were used. A standard 36-question questionnaire based on an ordinal scale and a five-point Likert scale was used to collect data. The findings indicate that measurement tools have good validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient is more than 0.7 for all research structures. Findings: The results indicate that humor of manager has a positive and significant effect on the evolution of the organization. There is also a positive and significant effect between the variables of humor of manager and entrepreneurial orientation and happy child ego state. Also, the entrepreneurial orientation and happy child ego state of the employees have a positive and significant effect on the evolution of the organization. Finally, it can be said that happy child ego state plays a mediating role between humor of manager and organizational evolution, but the entrepreneurial orientation does not play a mediating role between these two variables. Conclusion: Nowadays, different styles of humor are used in different organizations, and since hierarchical models are used with high formality in the education system, it seems that the models of humor can be effective in achieving desirable mental states, entrepreneurship and organizational evolution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
203 - The effect of learning tourist attractions through gamification (case study: Tabriz city primary school children)
Yazdan Shirmohammadi Iraj Choobdar Amene Kamali SarvestaniIntroduction: The common educational methods are no longer considered to be an effective and attractive education for the audience due to the scientific and technological developments of the current era and the increase in general awareness and IQ of children and adoles MoreIntroduction: The common educational methods are no longer considered to be an effective and attractive education for the audience due to the scientific and technological developments of the current era and the increase in general awareness and IQ of children and adolescents; therefore, using new technologies that exert new strategies seems very necessary. research methodology: In this research, one of the modern educational methods of the present era in the training of attractions and brands of tourist destinations by using techniques of gamification and designing attractive educational games with visual attractions and other game benefits such as motivation, satisfaction, conflict, and interaction, etc. for children and adolescents have been discussed. The statistical calculations of the present study were done through the exploratory factor analysis method, and its hypotheses were examined based on the path analysis method and related software. Its statistical population was selected among 384 teachers, trainers, and educational experts in Tabriz city using interviews and questionnaires, and to determine the content validity and validity of the questionnaires and the results of the interviews, the school trainers themselves were employed to understand and record the responses of the subjects. The opinions of tourism experts and researchers of educational systems have also been used. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software. Findings and Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that there was a positive and significant effect between education through gamification and factors affecting it such as performance expectancy, hope for effort, social influence, and facilitating conditions in line with the education of tourism concepts and attractions, resulting in brand awareness and ultimately brand resonance. Also, computer games significantly increased children's learning level and as a vital element, they were more effective in advancing the educational goals and learning and cognitive and social development of children, especially teaching the concepts, attractions, and brand of the tourist city destination than the information obtained from reading and their homework assignments. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
204 - The relationship between parent - child conflict and family emotional conditions with academic performance in the first period high school students Karun City
Saeed BakhtiarporrThe aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between parent - child conflict and family emotional conditions with academic performance. The statistical community was all the first period high school students Karun City which 170 of them were selected thr MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between parent - child conflict and family emotional conditions with academic performance. The statistical community was all the first period high school students Karun City which 170 of them were selected through multistage random sampling method. All participants were to complete parent - child conflict questionnaire and family emotional conditions questionnaire and data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. The Results showed that there are a significant negative correlation between parent - child conflict with academic performance (r=-0/14, p<0/05), but there is no significant relationship between family emotional conditions and academic performance (r=0/09, p>0/05). Also the results of the simultaneous enter regression analysis showed that there are no significant multiple relationship between independent variables and academic performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
205 - Effectiveness of Mothers' parenting training on reduction of affective - behavioral problems in preschool children 8 to 12 years old
mohammad ahangarcani maryam hashemi fatemeh keshtlar Azam HabibollahiThe Aim of the present study was to investigate the Effectiveness of Mothers' parenting training on reduction of affective - behavioral problems in preschool children 4 to 6 years old. The Methods of present study was a quasi-experimental research and a pretest- posttes MoreThe Aim of the present study was to investigate the Effectiveness of Mothers' parenting training on reduction of affective - behavioral problems in preschool children 4 to 6 years old. The Methods of present study was a quasi-experimental research and a pretest- posttest design with control group and follow up. The statistical population were included all mothers preschool children with affective – behavioral problems in the Babol city. Research sample consisted of parents of 22 children with affective- behavioral problem who volunteered to take part in the study and who were chosen by available sampling. They were divided randomly into an experimental and control group. The experimental group received parental training which was comprised of eight sessions during a two month period. The control group did not receive any intervention. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). research finding indicate that affective-behavioral problems of the experimental group was reduced significantly )P<0/034( more than the control group .follow up tests indicated the relative stability of the effects of parenting training program after three months (P<0/001). parenting training program is an effective method for reducing affective-behavioral problems in children. It is recommended that did counselors and psychologists administer parenting training program as part of treatment for reducing affective – behavioral problems of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
206 - The study of the effectiveness of pedagogical theater (educational and training) on emotional and social intelligence of children
Helia Tayefeh MehdiKhani Hasan Ahadi Masoud Delkhah Hadi Bahrami Fariborz BagheriThe aim of present research was study of the effectiveness of pedagogical theater (educational and training) on emotional and social intelligence of children. This research was an experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. The research populat MoreThe aim of present research was study of the effectiveness of pedagogical theater (educational and training) on emotional and social intelligence of children. This research was an experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with control group. The research population was children aged 7-12 years old in Tehran city in 2017 year that from them 40 child were selected through random sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group educated 10 sessions of 50 minutes by pedagogical theater. Groups completed the questionnaires of emotional intelligence (Schutte & et al, 1998) and Tromso social intelligence (Silvera & et al, 2001). Data was analyzed with using SPSS-20 software and with MANCOVA method. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in both variable of emotional and social intelligence of children. In the other words pedagogical theater significantly led to increase the emotional and social intelligence of children (P<0/05). The results indicate the importance of pedagogical theater on improving the emotional and social intelligence of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
207 - Effectiveness of family centered play therapy on emotional-behavioral problems of children with learning disorder in primary school
Golnar AmirTahmasb Fariborz Bagheri Khadijeh AbolmaaliThe aim of present research was determine the effectiveness of family centered play therapy on emotional-behavioral problems of children with learning disorder in primary school. This research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control g MoreThe aim of present research was determine the effectiveness of family centered play therapy on emotional-behavioral problems of children with learning disorder in primary school. This research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was primary school students with learning disorder referring to Ataman’s counseling center of Tehran city in 2017 year. The Research sample was 32 people of them which selected through purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group educated 10 sessions of 45 minutes by family centered play therapy. Groups completed the Rutter’s emotional-behavioral problems scale in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) method. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in all emotional-behavioral problems of children. In the other words family centered play therapy method significantly led to decrease the problems of aggression and hyperactivity, anxiety and depression, social maladjustment, antisocial behaviors and attention shortage of children with learning disorder (P<0/001). Therefore family centered play therapy method led to decrease the emotional-behavioral problems of children with learning disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
208 - Effectiveness of Mindful Self-compassion Training with Focus on Islamic-Iranian Life Style on Family Function Mothers of Children with Autism
Ghasem Abdollahi parviz sharifidaramadi Mahdi Ghodrati Mirkohi samira vakiliAbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the Effectiveness of Mindful Self-compassion Training with Focus on Islamic-Iranian Life Style on the Modification of early maladaptive schema of Mothers of Children with Autism.This was a quasi-experimental study. T MoreAbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the Effectiveness of Mindful Self-compassion Training with Focus on Islamic-Iranian Life Style on the Modification of early maladaptive schema of Mothers of Children with Autism.This was a quasi-experimental study. The statistical population of the study was all mothers of children with autism who were registered in the Autism Association of Kashan in 2019. The statistical sample included 24 mothers who that purposeful sampling method to participate in the study. They were randomly assigned into two groups (12 mothers in the experimental group and 12 mothers in the control group). The experimental group participated in the training for 8 sessions and the control group was placed on a waiting list for training. To assess the early maladaptive schema, the Young questionnaire was used. To analysis the data Analysis of the variance with repeated measures was used. The results showed that Mindful Self-compassion with focus on Islamic-Iranian life style training had a significant impact in modulating the early maladaptive schema in mothers of children with Autism (p≤ 0/001). Therefore, it is concluded that the program training was effective in Modification of early maladaptive schema of mothers with autistic children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
209 - Comparison of the Effectiveness of Social skills training and self- management on Teachers and Parents of Preschool Children on Their Theory of Mind
Maryam Soleimani Hamidinejad Zohreh Musazadeh Khadijeh Abolmaali Al-Husseini Abdul Hassan FarhangiThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of social skills training and self-management to educators and parents of preschool children on their theory of mind in Tehran in 1398. The present study was a randomized controlled application with two experimental MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of social skills training and self-management to educators and parents of preschool children on their theory of mind in Tehran in 1398. The present study was a randomized controlled application with two experimental and follow-up groups and using random assignment of subjects in experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all educators and parents of preschool children in Tehran, from which 60 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental groups (20 people in each group) and one control group (20 people). N) were assigned. The first experimental group was trained in social skills training for 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the second experimental group was trained in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list. The tools used in the present study included theory of mind (Stirmann, 1994), which were used in two stages: pre-test and post-test. Analysis of information obtained from the questionnaire through spss-v19 software in two parts: descriptive and inferential (univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance, repeated measures analysis of variance) Took. Findings showed that both interventions used in this study can significantly mind theory in preschool children. Also, the effect of training social skills and self-management on reducing emotional and behavioral disorders and increasing mind theory over time has been significant. Therefore, these educational services can be used in preschool centers to improve theory of mind in preschool children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
210 - The effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on empathy and social competence in preschool children
Mahmoud Hakimi Farimani Farideh Hamidi Hossein Akbari AmarghanThe aim of this research was determine the effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on empathy and social competence in preschool children. This research was a semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and two-month follow-up design with cont MoreThe aim of this research was determine the effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on empathy and social competence in preschool children. This research was a semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and two-month follow-up design with control group. The research population was a preschool children of 4th district of Mashhad city in the 2020-2021 academic years. The research sample was 48 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly by lottery replaced in two equal groups and the experimental group was trained for 20 sessions of 45 minutes with the method of educational games based on social-emotional learning and the control group did not receive training during this period. Data were collected with using two subscales of empathy and social competence in the social-emotional assets and resiliency scale for preschool (Ravitch, 2013) and analyzed by tests of chi-square, independent t and analysis of variance with repeated measures. The findings showed that in the pretest stage the experimental and control groups there was no significant difference in any variables of empathy and social competence (P>0.05), but in the posttest and follow-up stages there was a significant difference in both variables (P<0.05). Other findings showed that the intervention by method of educational games based on social-emotional learning significantly increased the empathy and social competence in preschool children and the results of the intervention were maintained in the follow-up stage (P<0.05). The results indicated the effectiveness of educational games method based on social-emotional learning on increasing empathy and social competence in preschool children. Therefore, to improve the social-emotional assets of preschool children can be used the method of educational games based on social-emotional learning along with other methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
211 - Causal explanation of children's social skills based on economic capital with regard to the mediating role of family social capital among parents of primary school students in Yazd
alireza sharifi ardani Marzieh Asnanasharieh Elham sharifi ardani Masoumeh Dashtabadi Fatemeh Abdari TaftiPeople who experience less opportunities to socialize with others have less social skills and avoid social interactions by failing to socialize. The family has a very important role in providing opportunities for socialization and the formation of social skills in child MorePeople who experience less opportunities to socialize with others have less social skills and avoid social interactions by failing to socialize. The family has a very important role in providing opportunities for socialization and the formation of social skills in children, therefore, the purpose of this study was to explain the causal social skills of children based on economic capital with respect to the mediating role of family social capital. The research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was the parents of elementary Public Schools students in Yazd in the academic year 2020-2021. 500 people were considered Sample size According to Klein (2015) based on selecting a sample size of 2.5 to 5 times the number of items, the sampling method was multi-stage clustering, of which 419 people completed the questionnaires. The research instruments included Garsham and Elliott (1990) Social Skills Questionnaire, Akbari Family Social Capital (2014) and a researcher-made economic capital questionnaire. SPSS software version 23 was used to analyze the data and AMOS software was used to perform structural equations. The findings showed that the direct effect of economic capital on social skills (p = 0.015; β = -0.25) is negatively significant and economic capital positively and directly predicts family social capital (p = 0.002; β = 0.55). Family social capital directly predicts children's social skills (p = 0.002; β = 0.67). Findings showed that the indirect effect of economic capital on children's social skills is significant through family social capital (p = 0.002; β = 0.37) and according to the variance accounted for index (VAF = 100%), this mediation role is complete. The calculated fit indices are in the acceptable range (NFI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.049). In the present research model, the coefficient of explanation of social skills (R2 = 0.33) and social capital (R2 = 0.30) Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that economic capital alone does not play a positive role in the social skills of children and this capital when combined with family social capital can lead to social skills in children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
212 - The effectiveness of Seligman parenting training on child abuse tendencies and parenting self-efficacy in mothers with a history of child abuse
mahmood moradi Zahra Yousefi Mansoureh BahramipourIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Seligman parenting training on child abuse tendencies and parenting self-efficacy in mothers with a history of child abuse in Isfahan. Methods: The quasi-experimental research method was pretest MoreIntroduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Seligman parenting training on child abuse tendencies and parenting self-efficacy in mothers with a history of child abuse in Isfahan. Methods: The quasi-experimental research method was pretest-posttest with follow-up. For this purpose, among the clients of social emergency centers in 2019, 40 mothers with a history of child abuse were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Subjects in both groups answered the questionnaires of child abuse tendency (Shamaizadeh Yousefi, 2018) and parenting self-efficacy (Dumka, 1996) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up stages. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90-minute Seligman parenting style training but the control group did not receive any training. To analyze data from descriptive statistical methods (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistical methods (Analysis of variance of repeated measures) was used. Results: The results showed that Seligman parenting style training generally reduces the tendency to child abuse and also increases the self-efficacy of mothers with a history of child abuse (P<0.05). Conclusions: As regard to results, it can be said, to improve child abuse tendency and parenting efficacy, Seligman parenting is suitable method among women with history of child abuse Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
213 - The effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on increasing the social-emotional abilities in preschool children
Mahmoud Hakimi Farimani Farideh Hamidi Hossein Akbari AmarghanConsidering the importance of social-emotional abilities in childhood especially in preschool age, the necessity of intervention with the aim of improving and promoting of social-emotional abilities and using game-based educational methods, especially for preschool chil MoreConsidering the importance of social-emotional abilities in childhood especially in preschool age, the necessity of intervention with the aim of improving and promoting of social-emotional abilities and using game-based educational methods, especially for preschool children, the present research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of educational games based on social-emotional learning on increasing social-emotional abilities in preschool children. The present study was a semi-experimental with pretest, posttest and two-month follow-up design with control group. The research population was a preschool children of 4th district of Mashhad city in the 2020-2021 academic years. The research sample was 48 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly by lottery replaced into two groups of 24 people. The experimental group was trained 20 sessions of 45 minutes with the method of educational games based on social-emotional learning and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. The research tool was the social-emotional assets and resiliency scale for preschool. The data were analyzed by methods of analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software version 25 at a significant level of 0.05. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of social-emotional abilities in preschool children. In the other words, educational games based on social-emotional learning increased social-emotional abilities in preschool children and the results remained in the follow-up phase (P<0.05). According to the results of this research, planning is necessary to improve social-emotional abilities in preschool children based on educational games based on social-emotional learning along with other effective educational methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
214 - The Issue of Tone in Translation of Child and Adolescent's Literary Works (Case Study: The Little Prince translated by Mohammad Ghazi and Ahmad Shamloo)
Shojaa NaynavaMany believe that translating Child and Adolescent's literary works is a very simple job and a good translation of Child and Adolescent's works is simply the replacement of words and the relative adherence to the sentence structures. But this is not true because transla MoreMany believe that translating Child and Adolescent's literary works is a very simple job and a good translation of Child and Adolescent's works is simply the replacement of words and the relative adherence to the sentence structures. But this is not true because translation is a very complex process and is influenced by many factors such as the type and manner of expression in the original text, the translator’s ability to convey the content and above all the tone. Therefore, in the present article, an attempt has been made to investigate the issue of tone in translating Child and Adolescent's literary works with a comparison of the translations of The Little Prince by Mohammad Ghazi and Ahmad Shamloo. The results show that there are weaknesses in selecting the appropriate tone for chidren and adolesencts by the tow translaors. Because Ghazi used very formal sentences that are suitable for adults and on the other hand, Shamloo used colloquial language and conversational sentences that are not suitable for children and adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
215 - Methods for protecting children and adolescents from damages caused by domination of virtual world
Masood Bagheri shahla moazemi azar alinezhad mehdi mansouriWith the advent of new technologies, criminal phenomenon has been widespread and complicated. Today, the creation of virtual world which is a product of worldwide internet, has led to widening and transformation of social and cultural environment. New circumstances requ MoreWith the advent of new technologies, criminal phenomenon has been widespread and complicated. Today, the creation of virtual world which is a product of worldwide internet, has led to widening and transformation of social and cultural environment. New circumstances require new vision and perspective and if the science of criminology wants to deal correctly with the new circumstances, it has to take new approaches. The new state of affairs has important and different consequences for juveniles and teenagers who are psychologically and emotionally vulnerable .This article using descriptive-analytical method, tries to study the conditions in which values may fall and criminal behaviors may become normal in virtual world. The consequences of the absence of regulation, the appearance of conflicting virtual subcultures which may lead to cultural gaps, conflicts, induction of poverty and competitions in virtual world and finally special capabilities of the internet environment and its effects on juvenile and teenagers are among other topics that are discussed in this article.The purpose of this study is examining and explaining the virtual networks as a role model for juvenile and teenagers who do illegal and dishonest behaviours as well as giving appropriate methods to counter these behaviours.Our results show that the most important method for countering the negative effects of virtual world is social prevention, especially in the form of a society-oriented approach Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
216 - International Criminal Court Advocacy Procedure for Child Sexual Victimization
Reyhaneh Zandi Ali MolabeygiAmong victims of international crimes, children and adolescents need more support because they are growing mentally and physically and their personality has not been properly formed. Among these, victims of sexual assault are at greater risk, such as repeated abuse, fut MoreAmong victims of international crimes, children and adolescents need more support because they are growing mentally and physically and their personality has not been properly formed. Among these, victims of sexual assault are at greater risk, such as repeated abuse, future crime, prostitution, expulsion from society and various sexually transmitted diseases. The leading research by library method seeks to find the level of attention of international criminal court to the sexual abuse of children and also the types of support provided to them in this court. Findings of the study show that the International Criminal Court pays more attention to this issue than other. However, there are still many gaps and weaknesses in the Court's performance and there is a long distance from the theoretical approach to the practical procedure of the Court, which makes it necessary to balance the goals of the Court's proceedings and follow the example of some international judicial institutions in some cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
217 - The foundations of mother's guardianship in Imami jurisprudence and Iranian law with a look at its foundations in American law
Hasan Falah seyed javad seyedalizadeh ghangi bahnam ghanbarpoorHuman nature and the benefit of the child and the society require that the guardianship of the child and the management of his affairs be entrusted to people who are more closely related to him and who are interested in his fate and happiness.Although the laws are not t MoreHuman nature and the benefit of the child and the society require that the guardianship of the child and the management of his affairs be entrusted to people who are more closely related to him and who are interested in his fate and happiness.Although the laws are not the same in determining the persons who are in charge of this position and how to apply it, as well as regarding the prisoners who are under compulsory guardianship.In accordance with Imami jurisprudence, the civil law in articles 1180 and 1181 places the guardianship of the child on the father and the paternal ancestor on the same level as the father, and does not foresee any type of guardianship for the mother.Therefore, in the inquiry regarding the question of what basis and criteria can the mother's guardianship be based on in the laws of Iran and America; With the descriptive-analytical method according to the time requirements of the current period, this province can be considered for parents.In American law, at first, due to the low social status of women and the unreasoning control of them by their husbands, they did not have any rights regarding child custody.Finally, in addition to the fundamental differences in the laws of the two countries regarding the rules of the mother's guardianship over her children, with the focus on the expediency and needs of the child, it is possible to favor the priority of the mother's dignified guardianship in some cases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
218 - The Effect of Educational Group Game Based on Constructivist Learning on Training of Creative Thinking Skill of preschool children
Seyed Rasoul emadi Mahin Orvati movafaghBackground: training of creative thinking skill is what is needed for the future. In this way, improvement and enhancement of creative thinking in children as a necessary skills in age of communication, is required proportionality and applying new educational designing MoreBackground: training of creative thinking skill is what is needed for the future. In this way, improvement and enhancement of creative thinking in children as a necessary skills in age of communication, is required proportionality and applying new educational designing patterns and methods.Goal: the present research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of educational group game based on constructivist learning environment pattern on training of creative thinking skill of preschool children.Method: this semi-empirical research has been implemented using pre-test and post-test with control group. Statistical population of the study was consisted of children of preschool institutions under the guise of State Welfare Organization of Iran in Hamadan city in school year of 2013-2014 which were selected using randomized cluster sampling method equal to 24 individuals in two groups of test and control. Form B of Torrance test of creativity thinking as pre-test and post-test was used in order to measure components of creativity, and group games were run for eight sessions just in test group.Results: results of covariance analysis indicated that training in the style of group games has effect on training of creative thinking skill of preschoolers.Discussion and conclusion: training in the style of group games can increase children’s creative thinking skill by a pleasant and enjoyable process. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
219 - The Study of the Effectiveness of Theater Pedagogy in Improving Emotional Intelligence of 7-12 Year-Old Children Living in Tehran
Helia Tayefeh mehdikhan Hassan Ahadi Masoud Delkhah Hadi Bahrami Fariborz BagheriPurpose: The purpose of the present research is to investigate the effectiveness of pedagogic theater on the promotion of emotional intelligence in the 7-12 year-old children in Tehran. Methods: This study was an empirical research using two-group pretest-posttest desi MorePurpose: The purpose of the present research is to investigate the effectiveness of pedagogic theater on the promotion of emotional intelligence in the 7-12 year-old children in Tehran. Methods: This study was an empirical research using two-group pretest-posttest design. Control-group pretest-posttest included an experiment group and a control group. The studied population included 7-12 year-old children living in 22 districts of Tehran. The samples included 40 children (20 boys and 20 girls) who were selected by random sampling and evaluated by the measurement instrument. The measurement instrument was the Schutte Emotional intelligence Scale for children; validity and reliability of this scale was confirmed in numerous studies. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA. Findings: Statistical analysis showed that theatre pedagogy (effect size=0.62) increases emotional intelligence of children. Conclusion: therefore, it is recommended to consider role playing for children to reflect important characters of elementary school children. Keywords: Theatre pedagogy, Emotional intelligence, Children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
220 - The effect of LEGO education on social skills and creativity among deaf children with Cochlear implants
Saeideh Akbari Mitra Rajab boloukatAbstract The present research aimed to study the effectiveness of Lego education on creativity and social skill of preschool deaf children with cochlear implants in Tehran city. 3 children (2 females and 1 male) were selected by convenience sampling method. Creativity MoreAbstract The present research aimed to study the effectiveness of Lego education on creativity and social skill of preschool deaf children with cochlear implants in Tehran city. 3 children (2 females and 1 male) were selected by convenience sampling method. Creativity of the subjects were measured by Torrance’s Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement Test which includes three subscales of imagination, originality, and fluency. For studying the social skills of children, Gresham and Elliott’s Social Skills Rating System was used which involves three subscales of empathy, assertiveness, and self-control. The results indicated a significant increase in social skill and creativity of deaf children with cochlear implants. According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that Lego education has a positive impact on social skills and creativity (and their subscales except assertiveness). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
221 - Examining the relation of emotional environment in family and creativity of schoolgirls in five-grade elementary schools in Isfahan city
Javad Khalatbari Fatemeh Zahra SoheylipourBackground: Nowadays, the creativity has been dedicated special place in psychology. One of the most important programs in developing the country in terms of various aspects is further developing and growing the creativity in children. Objective: Regarding the importan MoreBackground: Nowadays, the creativity has been dedicated special place in psychology. One of the most important programs in developing the country in terms of various aspects is further developing and growing the creativity in children. Objective: Regarding the importance of the educative dimension of creativity and the family role in actualizing the various aspects of development, the major objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the emotional environment of family and the creativity among elementary schoolgirls in grade 5. Method: The statistical universe is comprised of schoolgirls in grade 5 in elementary schools of district 1 and their parents in Isfahan city. The statistical sample consists of 220 elementary schoolgirls in grade 5 and their parents, selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The measure tool is the questionnaire of upbringing style and Torrance creativity test. The data was analyzed at both descriptive and deductive levels. Results: The results showed that there is no relationship between the emotional environment of family and the creativity at p≤0.05. There is no relationship between the imperial upbringing method and the creativity at p≤0.05. There is a reverse relationship between the lenient and dictatorial methods of upbringing and the creativity at p≤0.05. Conclusions: The best parenting style is authoritative style is. Parents in this style are hard in training and moderate in control. Their expectations are assertive and their behavior is deliberate, reasoned which proportionate and reasonable limits for their children's are implemented. Children of these parents are energetic, competent, reliable and independent, etc. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
222 - An Applied Pattern for Developing Children's Creativity through Music by Non-Specialized Teachers in Primary Schools (Based on John Cage's Pedagogical Experiences and Musical Innovations)
Zahra Akhoundi Reza AfhamiBackground: Considering the significance of creativity in global development, the emphasis on its development at an early age, and the role of art in its flourishing on the one hand and the concern about “the Creativity Crisis” and lack of understanding conc MoreBackground: Considering the significance of creativity in global development, the emphasis on its development at an early age, and the role of art in its flourishing on the one hand and the concern about “the Creativity Crisis” and lack of understanding concerning creativity in schools on the other hand, necessitate innovative and applied solutions in the present age. Objective: The present study aims to provide an applied pattern for promoting the creativity of elementary school students through music experiences with usability by Iranian non-specialized teachers and its validation. Method: This research has been conducted in three studies. In order to design the intended pattern with the applicability by non-specialized teachers in elementary schools, first and second surveys include assessing the implementation of the artists’ educational practices in the creativity development with musical concepts and Cage’s pedagogical experiences, the prominent musician, teacher of the 20th century, which were evaluated by two rounds of a self-made Delphi questionnaire with concepts and pedagogical practices used to fostering creativity, and determined by experts in three areas of education, art, and music. The third Experimental research, with the purpose of validating the discovered pattern, was conducted by a non-specialist teacher on a group of primary girl students, with a pre-post test of Torrance Creative Thinking Test (TTCT; figural version of form A). Results: The findings indicate acceptance of some dimensions of the artist's educational model and Cage’s pedagogical experiences as a set of strategies for implementing in Iranian schools, according to experts and the third study also showed the significant difference between experimental and control group on creativity dimensions, fluidity, originality, flexibility, and the overall creativity score except expandability. Conclusion: The analyzes indicate the effectiveness of the intended pattern on the creativity development of primary school children and its use by non-specialized teachers in the educational environment of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
223 - Identifying the Role of Creative Art-Based Tourism with an emphasis on handicrafts education to Children
Boshra Mohajer Zahed Shafiee Alireza Khaje ahmad attaricontext: Tourism is a general and inclusive industry which all sectors of society, regardless of age, race and gender must be paid attention. In this regard, children as an important part of society, due to the growing needs of the community and considering the promotio Morecontext: Tourism is a general and inclusive industry which all sectors of society, regardless of age, race and gender must be paid attention. In this regard, children as an important part of society, due to the growing needs of the community and considering the promotion of their creativity and arts can play an important role in this issue. However, Isfahan as a creative city has lots of potentials for creative tourism based on handicrafts. purpose: The current study attempts to characterize the role of creative art-based tourism emphasizing on the training of handicrafts for children. methodology: This is a practical research and content analysis method is used. Data was collected using in-depth interviews with 28 experts in the field of tourism, arts and handicrafts, and children, which were found by snowball sampling, and data were analyzed through open coding and axial. The existing literature point out to the economical roles and improving the creativity of children. So raising children and promoting their creativity should be one of the basic priorities of Tourism and Handicrafts and the children become custodians. results: The results indicated that the art-based creative tourism is important for children; because it plays multiple roles, including the promotion of individual skills, the social, economic, cultural impacts, and contributes to sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
224 - Developing Creativity among 6-Year-Old Children Using a Doodle-Book Training Program
Mahvash Raghibi Zahra KhanmohammadzadeAbstract Background: The world around us is rapidly changing. To keep pace with these changes and, subsequently, solve the issues caused by these transformations, we need creative and innovative people. Objective: This study mainly aimed at determining the effectivenes MoreAbstract Background: The world around us is rapidly changing. To keep pace with these changes and, subsequently, solve the issues caused by these transformations, we need creative and innovative people. Objective: This study mainly aimed at determining the effectiveness of a doodle-book training program in increasing creativity and its components among 6-year-old children. Methods: This quasi-experimental study followed by a pretest-post-test design with a control group. The present study had a statistical population including all preschool students in Zahedan selected using a convenience sampling method. In this regard, two classes were chosen as experimental groups (girls: 24, boys: 22) and two classes were selected as control groups (girls: 22, boys: 22). The experimental groups took part in 10 sessions of the doodle-book training program and Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Form B) was carried out on these groups before and after holding the sessions. Results: Results of a multiple-way analysis of co-variance indicated that the doodle-book training program increased creativity and its components among the children. Moreover, results of a multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference between the girls’ and boys’ groups with regard to the components of creativity. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the doodle-book training program can be effective in increasing creativity among preschool children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
225 - The Effect of Teaching Philosophy for Children (p4c) on the Creativity Development of 5th Primary School Boy Students in the District of a Baharestan Education
Amirhossien Mehdizadeh Alireza Araghieh hossein heydariehPurpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the teaching of philosophy for children (p4c) on the development of students' creativity. Method: This research is a causal-comparative study. For data analysis in descriptive and inferential sections, Kolmo MorePurpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the teaching of philosophy for children (p4c) on the development of students' creativity. Method: This research is a causal-comparative study. For data analysis in descriptive and inferential sections, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Shapirovylak (SH-W) and independent t-tests were used by SPSS-22 software. Is. . Fifty fifth grade elementary school students were selected from among the regions of Baharestan using random cluster sampling. For data collection, the Torrance creativity test (Form B) Includes three activities that are used in four subsystems of fluidity, flexibility, originality and expansion. Results: The findings of the study showed that by comparing the averages, the difference between the group or the trained students (166.48) was more than the control group or the untrained students (1396.92). Conclusion: The results of the general hypothesis of the research that "the teaching of philosophy for children (p4c) on the development of creativity among male students of the fifth grade elementary school in Baharestan" showed that the teaching of children's philosophy (p4c) on creativity of students The fifth grade son of the district of Baharestan is affected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
226 - The Effectiveness of Creativity Training by Using Lego on the Emotioen Regulation of Gifted Children
Masoumeh Bazoolnejad Samira Vakili Leila Kashani Vahid Mahdis YaripourAim: The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of creativity training by using lego on the emotioen regulation and cognitive emotional regulation of gifted children. Methods: The research method was a pretest-posttest test with control group in this study. The stat MoreAim: The aim of this study was to the effectiveness of creativity training by using lego on the emotioen regulation and cognitive emotional regulation of gifted children. Methods: The research method was a pretest-posttest test with control group in this study. The statistical society of this study included all children aged 4 to 5 are at lego education center in Tehran in the academic year 1397-98. For this purpose, 30 children were selected by available sampling. The research instrument consisted of emotioen regulation questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), intelligence scale Stanford binet (Roid, 2003) and emotioen regulation checklist (Shields & Cicchetti, 1998). The experimental group was trained with creativity training by using lego in 12 sessions 60 minute. Data were analyzed by using covariance analysis. Results: The results showed that family-centered structured games using Lego bricks had a significant effect on the emotioen regulation subscale (emotioen regulation & emotional instability) (p < 0.01). But this effect on the cognitive emotioen regulation subscale (expressive source & cognitive reassessment) was not significant (P> 0.01). Conclusion: Therefore, consultants and therapists can benefit from creativity training by using lego method for improve emotioen regulation of gifted children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
227 - Comparative comparison of the relationship between the type of residence and the level of creativity of female elementary school students in villa and apartment examples in Shiraz
Moslem Irandost Hamidreza Azemati Hadi Keshmiri Bahramsaleh SedghporDue to their growing age, growing, enhancing and directing children's creativity is very important.The development of creativity must be done from childhood; therefore, it is necessary to examine the factors which contribute to increasing the power of creativity. Reside MoreDue to their growing age, growing, enhancing and directing children's creativity is very important.The development of creativity must be done from childhood; therefore, it is necessary to examine the factors which contribute to increasing the power of creativity. Residential open spaces contribute a unique role in meeting the social and individual needs of children. These spaces seem to take a major part of the time and environment of the day-to-day life of residents – including children and adolescents – and improving its quality can be effective in health and development of physical forces, strengthening social interaction and teamwork, and even the education and development of children and adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of rural housing spaces and rooms in the development of children’s creativity. he study population includes 140 girls aged 7 to 9 years old from three primary schools in three different social areas in shiraz, selected based on whether the students lived in houses or apartments. In order to conduct this research, the selected schools were picked up in their selected areas using cluster sampling. The data were collected using the Creative Thinking Test (Torrance B forms) and analyzed through Variance and paired comparisons of averages. The results of the present study indicated that there is no significant difference between the creativity of primary school students in two groups of houses and apartment habitats in both proposed hypotheses. Thus the children living in houses and apartments were almost at the same level of creativity based on the four examined components: initiative, expansion, fluid and flexibility Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
228 - Documentary study of the effect of play on the creativity of primary school children
Robab Rahmati Amir Karimintroduction: Creativity is one of the most important cognitive components, which is important to pay attention to in the educational process, especially in the elementary period. Purpose: Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect Morentroduction: Creativity is one of the most important cognitive components, which is important to pay attention to in the educational process, especially in the elementary period. Purpose: Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of various educational games on the development of students' creativity. Research method: It was a review type and databases of Nurmagz, comprehensive portal of humanities, scientific information center of academic jihad, Civilica, Alamnet, Mogiran, etc. were checked using research keywords and 19 related articles were published from 1390 to 1400 were selected and examined.Research findings: 84% of the articles have proven the positive effect of play on the creativity of primary school children, 5% of the articles showed a negative effect and 11% did not show a significant effect between play and creativity. Also, 29 percent of the studies showed the effect of computer games on general creativity/abstract thinking/cognitive load/flexibility and fluidity/academic progress. Computer action games / computer game creation / medium game hours / imagination / pretend play / storytelling / poetry has a 9% effect on creativity and creative games of the center of intellectual cultivation / plant cultivation and games / comprehension, linear and combined games / based on the Taba curriculum / Role-playing games/ creativity-based play therapy/ geometric educational games had a 5% effect on creativity. Most of the articles pay attention to computer games and the impact of games such as: climbing games, running, singing, outdoor and nature games, business games, games with effective strategies, conditioned games, serious games Role-playing has been neglected.As a result, the use of educational games can increase the creativity of students, and it is important to pay attention to the neglected aspects in researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
229 - Analyzing the dimensions and components of behavioral innovation of human resources in the organization of exceptional children
golchehreh Lohrasbi mitra sadoughi Hossein Ali taghipoor esmaeil kazempourIntroduction and purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate and identify the behavioral innovation of human resources in the organization of exceptional children.Research methodology: The research was conducted qualitatively using thematic analysis method. MoreIntroduction and purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate and identify the behavioral innovation of human resources in the organization of exceptional children.Research methodology: The research was conducted qualitatively using thematic analysis method. Collecting data and extracting related themes was done using semi-structured interviews with key informants in this field. The participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method and the theoretical saturation criterion based on which 14 experts, experts, Faculty members of universities and general managers of exceptional children organization were selected. In order to obtain the reliability and validity of the data, two methods of review of participants and review of non-participating experts were used in the research. The data were analyzed by thematic analysis.Findings: A model for behavioral innovation of human resources in the organization of exceptional children in the form of 14 components (behavioral honesty, positive thinking in behavior, empowerment, self-control culture, innovative self-efficacy, confidence building, collaborative management, participation, timely thinking, job satisfaction, Organizational justice, culture of organizational communication, healthy space for competition, objective evaluation of resources) and 53 indicators were designed and the component of innovative self-efficacy has the highest and the component of objective evaluation of resources has the lowest impact on behavioral innovation of human resources.Discussion and conclusion: By using the components of behavioral innovation of human resources, employees can engage in innovative behaviors away from physical, psychological and... as well as welfare problems and difficulties caused by facilities and equipment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
230 - Explaining the functions of P4C stories for children's creativity
Ali Hassanzadeh Yahya Ghaedi Saeed Beheshti Ahmad SalahshoorAbstractPurpose: This article examines the characteristics of philosophy stories for children, in order to determine the possibility of using the features of these stories in children's creativity. In the first part of the article, the characteristics of Fabak stories a MoreAbstractPurpose: This article examines the characteristics of philosophy stories for children, in order to determine the possibility of using the features of these stories in children's creativity. In the first part of the article, the characteristics of Fabak stories are explained. In the second part, the functions of philosophy stories for children are shown on children's creativity.Method: This research was qualitative content analysis in terms of qualitative approach and method of analysis. Data were collected from scientific documents and texts, including books and articles, using the keywords of creativity, fiction, philosophy curriculum for children, the functions of fictional stories, fictional elements in children's creativity. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 articles and 21 book covers were included in the study.The findings showed that the features of the stories of the Fabak program, despite the basis of questioning and philosophical concepts, the topics of reasoning and thinking, as well as the philosophical topics related to the ways of children's lives in the dimension of daily life and in the dimension of community intersubjectivity, the reconstruction of the research community and some processes such as literary components And educational and activity-oriented patterns such as the pattern of writing, discussing and practicing in the story have an effect on the development of children's creativity.Conclusion: The improvement of children's creativity and questioning spirit is based on the use of elements and functions of the features of Fabak stories. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
231 - Designing and validation of creativity training program for preschool children
Marjan Alsadat Ghazizadeh Fard khadijeh aboalmaali hayede saberi Hossein Ebrahimi MoghaddamPurpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the creativity training program for preschool children.Method: The research method was qualitative with a content analysis approach. The community included specialized texts in the fiel MorePurpose: The present research was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the creativity training program for preschool children.Method: The research method was qualitative with a content analysis approach. The community included specialized texts in the field of creativity education in Farsi and English in the last 10 years (1400-1390 and 2011-2021) and were also experts in the field of creativity. Out of 100 extracted articles, 50 articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. 7 experts (until saturation) were selected and interviewed in a targeted way. Open and axial coding was used for data analysis. Experts were used to validate the proposed training program.Findings: A total of 520 basic codes were extracted from articles and interviews. Then these codes are included in higher level codes such as: children's participation in designing and changing the space and layout of the classroom, interacting with other children, presenting children's skills with the help of expression techniques, performing arts, music-based skills training, creative performances, photography, poetry reading, skills Physical-motor, the role of peers in the exchange of information in order to solve the problem and other cases were classified. Based on the identified codes, a creativity training program was developed for preschool children.Conclusion: The creativity training program can encourage preschool children to stimulate the world and the interrelationship of its constituent elements with flexibility, imagination and problem solving skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
232 - The Effects of Teaching Philosophy to Children and Its Role on Creativity and Components Fluidity, Originality, Flexibility, and Expandability
Noor Mohammad Rezaei Nader Padervand Abdolreza Sobhani Ali Mohammad rezaei Background: Many researchers consider teaching philosophy to children as one of the main tools for fostering critical and creative thinking skills among them. Objective: The current research aims to survey the role of teaching philosophy to children on their crea More Background: Many researchers consider teaching philosophy to children as one of the main tools for fostering critical and creative thinking skills among them. Objective: The current research aims to survey the role of teaching philosophy to children on their creativity and its components among the fifth grade primary school boy students in five schools in Tehran. Method: The authors used post-test method with control group. To this purpose some 100 students (4 classes) were selected among fifth grade primary school students. The students were taught during 13 sessions for 45 minutes (1 session in a week) by Sharp Lipman community of inquiry and Phillip Cam thinking stories, then the Torrance tests of creative thinking were executed. Results: The results of MANOVA indicate effects on components fluidity and flexibility and total score of creativity and showed no effect on originality and expandability of the students. Conclusion: By teaching philosophy to children, we can increase their creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
233 - A Study on the Effects of Teaching Philosophy with Community of Inquiry Method on Questioning and Attitude to Creativity to the Blind Students
Leila Akrami Amir Ghamarani Sedigheh AghalarBackground: Philosophy for children have important role in challenging and creativity thinking for children. Objective: The aim of this research was to study the effects of teaching philosophy with method community of inquiry on questioning and attitude to creativity to MoreBackground: Philosophy for children have important role in challenging and creativity thinking for children. Objective: The aim of this research was to study the effects of teaching philosophy with method community of inquiry on questioning and attitude to creativity to the blind students with 9-11 age group. Some 28 blind girls and boys students were selected randomly to carry out the test. Method: Some 14 persons for experimental group and some other 14 persons for control group were selected with simple random sampling method. The samples were assessed by questioning and CAS questionnaire. To study hypothesis, experimental (pre-test- post- test) method was employed and then community of inquiry Lipman, Robert fisher and Philip cam thinking stories they were used to teach them. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: Findings showed that, philosophy for children with method community of inquiry caused improvement of questioning (0/001) and attitude to creativity (0/001) of blind girls and boys were improved. Discussion: Philosophy for children have important role, in reinforcement questioning, critical thinking and creativity for blind child. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
234 - The effect of creativity training to mothers on creativity of their preschool children
K. Ganji B. Niusha F. Hedayati Background: Creativity is one of the basic and vital characters of humankind that have an effective role in development and evolutionary of individual and civilization. Researchers believed that creative thinking trend origins in childhood. The effect of more va More Background: Creativity is one of the basic and vital characters of humankind that have an effective role in development and evolutionary of individual and civilization. Researchers believed that creative thinking trend origins in childhood. The effect of more variables on creativity were studied, but the impact of creativity training to mothers on creativity of their preschool children ignored. Objective: This research investigated the effect of creativity training to mothers on creativity of their preschool children. Method: The research method was qusi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The sample includes 60 preschool children who were selected with purposive sampling method, and each group was consisted of 30 children (15 females and 15 males). The children in both groups (experimental and control), were taken the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking A and B images form. After administering pre-test, the program of mothers training was conducted in 24 hours (once a week- each session 4 hours). Then, the children involved the practices and plays in open space, and finally after two months the post-test was performed. Data analysis was performed by MANOVA test. Result(s): Results showed that there is significant differences between experimental and control groups in the components of originality, fluid, extending authenticity and creativity. But, there wasn't a significant difference in the component of flexibility. Also, there was not any significant differences between boys and girls in components of creativity. Conclusion:According to the results, we could say that the creativity training to mothers can be effective on the preschooler's creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
235 - Players' lyrics simulative effect on the development of children's creativity
Fariba Parsamanesh Naser Sobhi Gharamaleki Background: Researchers believe the role of play in the creative development of children. The present study examined the effects of simulative games, (poetry) on increasing creativity orphans girls Children. Method: Therefore, 20 patients of all children orphaned More Background: Researchers believe the role of play in the creative development of children. The present study examined the effects of simulative games, (poetry) on increasing creativity orphans girls Children. Method: Therefore, 20 patients of all children orphaned girl 6-3 years of Tehran city's welfare were selected by cluster sampling and they were placed randomly in two groups (experimental and control). Torrance creativity test in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up for both groups and the Players lyrics simulative program, within 6 sessions only for the experimental group were performed. In order to describe the data were used mean and standard deviation. The collected data was analyzed using statistical method of the analysis of covariance. Result (s): The results showed that simulative poetry can increase creativity in orphans' girls Children.)p(01/0Conclusion: We conclude that children are exposed to the simulative games (poetry) have more creativity than others. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
236 - Comparision the Effectiveness of Group Cognitive-Behavior Training and Reality Therapy on Mother’s Child Abuse and Quality of Life in Preschool Children
Fatemeh Fouladi Ali Farhadi Kourosh GoodarziPurpose: The aim of this study was to comparision the effectiveness 0f group cognitive-behavior training and reality therapy on mother’s child abuse and quality of life in preschool children.Methodology: the research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test and MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to comparision the effectiveness 0f group cognitive-behavior training and reality therapy on mother’s child abuse and quality of life in preschool children.Methodology: the research design was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group.the sample size was 34 children and their mother were selected based on multi stage sampling. They were randomly put into reality therapy, cognitive-behavior and control group.mothers in expremental group recived cognitive-behavior and reality therapy training for eight 90 minut seasons. The child abuse scale includes dimentions of psysical,sexual,emotional,neglect,malnutrition(mohammad khani,1990),quality of life questionnaire includes functions of physical,social,emotional,cognitive(fakkes & et al,2000) were used in this study.Findings: the data was analysed by covariance and bonfroni,s test.the findings of this study showed that group reality therapy and cognitive-behavior training had positive effect on reduction child abuse and improvement quality of life in both group who recived intervention in comparision to control group in the post-test.Conclusion: according to the results, both reality therapy and cognitive therapy can be applied to increase child abuse and effect on quality of life in children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
237 - The Effectiveness of Group Mindfulness Training on the Resilience and Anxiety of Mothers with Low Vision and Blind Children Referred to Sanandaj Health Centers.
Maryam Zolfaghari Shohreh Ghorban shirodiPurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness group training on resilience and anxiety of mothers of low vision and blind children referring to health centers in Sanandaj. Method: The research design was experimental with pr MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness group training on resilience and anxiety of mothers of low vision and blind children referring to health centers in Sanandaj. Method: The research design was experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study was all mothers with blind and visually impaired children referring to health centers of Sanandaj in 1397-1978. The sampling method was cluster sampling. The research tools used are Connor and Davidson Resiliency Questionnaire (2003) and Beck Anxiety Inventory. Descriptive statistics (graphs, frequency distribution tables, central indices (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) were used for data analysis. 2) Inferential statistics methods; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results showed that Group mindfulness training affects the resiliency of mothers with low vision and blind children, and Group mindfulness training affects anxiety of mothers with low vision and blind children. Conclusion: Mindfulness training is effective on resiliency and anxiety of mothers with low vision and blind children, as it allows one to respond to events rather than involuntarily responding to events. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
238 - Modeling academic anxiety based on parent-child perception, classroom environment perception, and socioeconomic status mediated by stress coping styles
Shima Vafa Mina Mojtabaie Nasrin Bagheri Khadije Abolmaali AlhoseiniPurpose: The purpose of the present study was to present a model of academic anxiety based on parent-child perception, perception of classroom environment and socioeconomic status by mediating stress coping styles in students. Methodology: The research method was descri MorePurpose: The purpose of the present study was to present a model of academic anxiety based on parent-child perception, perception of classroom environment and socioeconomic status by mediating stress coping styles in students. Methodology: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The population of the study consisted of all female secondary school students in Tehran public schools who were studying in the academic year of 2015-2016. The sample size consisted of 480 secondary school girl students who were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Students' Questionnaires on Classroom Perception Questionnaires Made by Fraser, Fisher, and MacRobbie (1996); And responded to the Thames (2007) socioeconomic status questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results showed that the structural model of the research assumes that the variables of socioeconomic status, parent-child relationship perception, and perception of classroom environment, both directly and indirectly, mediate stress coping styles, the present variable of academic anxiety Predicted and fitted to the data collected. Conclusion: The variables of socioeconomic status, parent-child relationship, and perception of classroom environment, both directly and indirectly, mediate the current stressor coping styles predicting academic anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
239 - Predictive of Positive School Orientation Based on Social-Emotional Learning and Parent-Child Relationship with Motivational Structure Mediation
Parisa Farnodian Khadije Abolmaali Alhoseini Kianosh HashemianObjective: The purpose of this study was to predict positive school orientation based on socio-emotional learning, socioeconomic status and parent-child relationship with motivational structure mediation. Method: The research method in this study was descriptive-correla MoreObjective: The purpose of this study was to predict positive school orientation based on socio-emotional learning, socioeconomic status and parent-child relationship with motivational structure mediation. Method: The research method in this study was descriptive-correlational with emphasis on possible causal relationships based on structural equations. Is. The study population consisted of all female secondary school students in Tehran. In this study, the sample size was 481 using multi-stage cluster sampling. The research tools were Ahmadi School Positive Orientation (1396) Questionnaire, Kassel's Socio-Emotional Learning (2008) Questionnaire, Thames socioeconomic status (2007), Fain's parent-child relationship (1963), Morland and Schubel, and Cox and Klinger motivational structure (2002). Results: The results of the research data obtained by modifying the structural model in three stages of modification model and fitness indices show that the structural model fits with the collected data. Thus, the first hypothesis of the research is the structural equation analysis of the developed model showing that all path coefficients except social-emotional learning to adaptive motivation structure, social-emotional learning to positive attitude to school and adaptive motivational structure to positive attitude to school , At the 0.01 level were significant and fit. Conclusion: Therefore, social-emotional learning and the parent-child relationship with the mediating role of motivational structure have a significant effect on students' positive attitudes toward school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
240 - The Effectiveness of a Native Educational Counseling Package on the Quality of Parent-Child Relationships and Parenting Self-Efficacy
Nadereh Saadati Zahra Yousefi Mohsen GholparvarPurpose:The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of indigenous education package training on the quality of parent-child relationships and parenting self-efficacy of mothers with adolescent boys. Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental, p MorePurpose:The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of indigenous education package training on the quality of parent-child relationships and parenting self-efficacy of mothers with adolescent boys. Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental, pre-test-post-test and two-month follow-up with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study was mothers with adolescent boys aged 12 to 18 years in Isfahan in 2019, of which 87 mothers with lower parent-child relationships and parenting self-efficacy through Pianta (1994) parent-child relationship questionnaire, Parental self-efficacy Dumka, Strezinger, Jackson, and Rosa (1996) were screened for self-efficacy. Finally, 40 mothers were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (20 mothers) and the control group (20 mothers). Participants in both groups completed parent-child relationship questionnaires and parental self-efficacy in three stages. The experimental group received a native 90-minute training package (researcher-made) for 8 sessions. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software version 24. Findings: The results indicate the effect of the Indigenous Educational Counseling package on the score of the parent-child relationship (P = 0.003) with the effect size of 0.21, positive parenting self-efficacy (P = 0.024) with the effect size of 0.12, negative parenting self-efficacy (P = 0.033) with an effect size of 0.11 in the post-test stage and the stability of this effect was in the follow-up stage. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest evidence that training this program to prevent and improve the relationship of each parent with their adolescent sons reduces negative parenting self-efficacy and improves the parent-child relationship so that we see less conflict between parents and adolescent boys in society; This research can be useful for psychotherapists and counselors in the field of adolescent counseling and choosing the type of intervention to educate parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
241 - The Effectiveness of Intervention based on the Exploration of Remarriage Families’ Problems on Child's Relationship with Stepparents
Gohar Souri Kourosh Goodarzi Mehdi Roozbehanise: This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of intervention based on the exploration of remarriage families’ problems on child's relationship with stepparents. Methodology: This study was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with control Morese: This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of intervention based on the exploration of remarriage families’ problems on child's relationship with stepparents. Methodology: This study was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with control group. The research population was all remarriage families of Khorramabad city in 2019 year. The research sample was 20 families who after investigated the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups (10 families in each group). The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of 2 hours (two sessions per week) based on an intervention based on the exploration of remarriage families’ problems and the control group did not receive any training. Data were collected by the demographic information form and parent-adolescent conflict scale (Prinz and et al, 1979) and analyzed by methods of independent t-test and univariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-26 software. Findings: The result of t test showed that the experimental and control groups in the pretest stage have not significant difference in terms of child's relationship with stepparents (P>0.05), but in the posttest stage have significant difference (p < 0/05). The results of analysis of covariance test showed that the intervention based on the exploration of remarriage families’ problems led to significant improved child's relationship with stepparents (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of intervention based on the exploration of remarriage families’ problems on improving child's relationship with stepparents, the use of this method along with other educational and therapeutic methods is necessary to improve the child's relationship with stepparents. As a result, health professionals and therapists can use an intervention based on the exploration of remarriage families’ problems to improve psychological characteristics such as child's relationship with stepparents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
242 - Comparison of Effectiveness of Brain Gym Education and Child-Parent Relationship Therapy on Reducing Emotional-Behavioral Problems among Elementary School Boys
Peyman Moradi Hossein Davoodi Hassan Heydari Seyed Ali Al YasinPurpose: Studies show that the prevalence of emotional-behavioral problems in primary school students was high, which can lead to many complications and problems for them and their families. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of brain gym MorePurpose: Studies show that the prevalence of emotional-behavioral problems in primary school students was high, which can lead to many complications and problems for them and their families. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of brain gym education and child –parent relationship therapy on reducing emotional-behavioral problems in primary school male students. Methodology: The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population included all 7-11 year old male students studying in primary school in Gorgan. Using the available method, 30 students who scored high on the Rutter Behavioral Problems Questionnaire (Form A) were selected and assigned to three equal groups of 10 people. For the brain gym group, 8 1-hour sessions were performed once a week, and for the pediatric therapy group, 10 1.5 hour sessions were performed once a week, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and one-way covariance with repeated measures with SPSS version 22. Findings: The results showed that in the post-test stage, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of aggression, depression, anxiety and maladaptation in the subjects of the three groups (p < 0.05). Also, the results showed that in the two-month follow-up phase, this effect was stable and the effect of brain gym on reducing the dimensions of emotional-behavioral problems was more effective than child therapy based on the parent-child relationship (p < 0.05). Discussion: According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that parents' brain gym training program and child therapy are effective strategies to reduce children's emotional-behavioral problems. Based on the results of this study, counselors and child psychologists are suggested to try to reduce children's emotional-behavioral problems by using these educational programs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
243 - Comparison the Behavioral Disorders and Mother-Child Relationship in Diabetic and Normal Children of Isfahan City
Niloofar sadat Shokere khodayi Zahra YoosefiPurpose: Present study aimed to comparison the behavioral disorders and mother-child relationship in diabetic and normal children of Isfahan city. Methodology: This study was cross-sectional from type of causal-comparative. The research population was all diabetic child MorePurpose: Present study aimed to comparison the behavioral disorders and mother-child relationship in diabetic and normal children of Isfahan city. Methodology: This study was cross-sectional from type of causal-comparative. The research population was all diabetic children of Isfahan city in 2018 year and matched normal children with them. The research sample was 100 children (50 diabetic and 50 normal) who were selected by available sampling method. The research instruments were the child behavior checklist (Achenbach, 1992) and mother-child relationship scale (Yousefi, 2014). Data were analyzed by methods of chi-square and multivariate analysis of variance in SPSS software version 21. Findings: The findings showed that diabetic and normal children had significant differences in behavioral disorders and mother-child relationship. In the other words, diabetic children in compared to normal children had more behavioral disorders (and its dimensions including internalizing and externalizing disorders) and weaker mother-child relationship (p < 0/05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that diabetes has an effective role in increasing behavioral disorders and decreasing mother-child relationship, so planning for psychological interventions to improve the characteristics of diabetic children is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
244 - The Effect of Family Life Education on Parenting Stress Components of Mothers with Mentally Retarded Children in the Parent Domain
Sofia Heidari Kamroudi Mohsen Moshkabid Haghighi Ali Asghar ShojaeiPurpose: Considering the importance of parenting stress of mothers with mentally retarded children in their other roles, the aim of this study was determine the effect of family life education on parenting stress components of mothers with mentally retarded children in MorePurpose: Considering the importance of parenting stress of mothers with mentally retarded children in their other roles, the aim of this study was determine the effect of family life education on parenting stress components of mothers with mentally retarded children in the parent domain.Methodology: This research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The study population was mothers with mentally retarded children of Rasht city in the academic years 2017-2018. The research sample was 60 people who according to the inclusion criteria were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced in two equal groups. The experimental group underwent of family life education for 12 sessions of 90 minutes and during this period the control group did not receive any education. To collect data were used from the researcher-made demographic information form and stresses of parenting index (Abidin, 1990) and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method in SPSS-20.Findings: The results showed that family life education led to reduce the components of parenting stress including feelings of competence, attachment, role restriction, and depression, relationships with spouse, health and social isolation in mothers with mentally retarded children in the parent domain (P˂0.05).Conclusion: The results showed the effect of family life education on reducing parenting stress components. Therefore, therapists and health professionals can use family life education method along with other educational methods to improve family characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
245 - Effectiveness of Pennsylvania Resiliency Program on Parental Burnout and Child Abuse Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Mothers of Primary School Students
Mehdi Shomali Ahmadabadi Atefe BarkhordariPurpose: Covid-19 disease has many psychological consequences, such as parental burnout and child abuse, In addition to physical injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Pennsylvania resilience-based intervention on parental burnout and child MorePurpose: Covid-19 disease has many psychological consequences, such as parental burnout and child abuse, In addition to physical injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Pennsylvania resilience-based intervention on parental burnout and child abuse caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in mothers of elementary school students.Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of mothers of first grade students in Ardakan city in the academic year 2020-2021. 30 people were selected by voluntary sampling method based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instruments of this study included the Parental Burnout Scale (Rosecom et al., 2018) and Child Abuse (Hosseinkhani et al., 2013). The Pennsylvania resuscitation program was presented to the experimental group on a weekly basis for twelve 1.5-hour sessions, and the control group did not receive training. The data were analyzed using chi-square and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS26 statistical software.Findings: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic variables of age and education (p<0.05). Other results showed that the Pennsylvania Resiliency Program was effective in reducing the scores of parental burnout (p<0.001, F= 27.168) and child abuse (p<0.001, F= 37.466) Caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in mothers of primary school students.Conclusion: The Pennsylvania resiliency program to be used as an effective intervention to reduce parental burnout and child abuse caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in the mothers of elementary school students, along with other educational and therapeutic methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
246 - The Effectiveness of Parent-Child Relationship Education on Perceived Stress and Psychological Well-Being in Mothers with Mentally Retarded Children
Mehri Rostamnezhad Shabnam Hajizadeh koli Roghayeh Eslamnia Leila Mohammadhoseini Sorosh AlimardaniPurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent-child relationship education on perceived stress and psychological well-being in mothers with mentally retarded children. Methodology: The statistical population of the study included all mot MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent-child relationship education on perceived stress and psychological well-being in mothers with mentally retarded children. Methodology: The statistical population of the study included all mothers who were active members in supporting Tehran's disabled and mentally retarded children. Of these, 30 mothers with mentally retarded children who met the inclusion criteria were selected by available sampling method. They were randomly assigned to experimental groups (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). Then, the experimental group received 10 sessions of parent-child relationship training and the control group did not receive any intervention. Participants were assessed using the Cohen`s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), Ryff`s Being- Well Psychological of Scales. Data were analyzed by SPSS23 software. Findings: The results of the study using repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the experimental and control groups in the post-test and follow-up stages were significantly different in terms of both variables (P <0.05) and based on the results of Table 3, 35.0%. Perceived stress changes and 14.4% of psychological well-being changes are due to the intervention method, ie teaching the parent-child relationship. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that parent-child relationship education has been effective in reducing perceived stress and increasing psychological well-being in mothers with mentally retarded children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
247 - Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on the Psychological Well-Being and Components of Psychological Capital in Mothers of Children with Educatable Intellectual Disability
Elahe Mehdi Asghar Mirmehrabi Aboutaleb Seadatee ShamirPurpose: Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of mindfulness training on positive psychological capacities but research that examines the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the psychological well-being and components of psychological capital in mothers MorePurpose: Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of mindfulness training on positive psychological capacities but research that examines the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the psychological well-being and components of psychological capital in mothers of children with educatable intellectual disability has been overlooked. To determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the psychological well-being and components of psychological capital in mothers of children with educatable intellectual disability. Methodology: The research was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group design with trimester follow-up. The statistical population in this study consisted of all mothers of children with educatable intellectual disability aged between 5 and 10 in the city of Tehran who had referred to Zehn Ara Counseling Center in 2020. The sample size of the present study included 40 mothers of children with educatable intellectual disability, 20 of whom were in the experimental group and 20 in the control group with the available sampling method. The tool used was Kabat-Zin's (1990) treatment plan, Ryff's well-being Scale (1989), and Lutanz's psychological capital Scale (2007). Data were analyzed by variance analysis with repeated measures approach and Bonferroni post hoc test.Findings: mindfulness training had a significant effect on the psychological well-being and components of psychological capital in mothers of children with educatable intellectual disability (p<0.05).Conclusions: Mothers of children with educatable intellectual disability who participated in mindfulness training sessions were more well-being, resilience, Self-efficacy, hopeful and optimism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
248 - Role of Childhood Trauma Dimensions in Predicting Social Cognition in Students
Ameneh Bakhshizadeh Hossein Ebrahimi Moghaddam Malek MirhashemiPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of childhood trauma in predicting social cognition. Methodology: The research method of this study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included stud MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of childhood trauma in predicting social cognition. Methodology: The research method of this study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included students of the Islamic Azad University, Roodehen Branch, with an age range of 20 years and above, with no history of any neurological or psychiatric disorders, acquired brain injury that caused loss of consciousness for more than 1 minute, substance abuse in the past 6 months (based on self-report), and a history of neurological disorders (such as epilepsy), who were studying in the year (1400-1401) and from among them, 336 students were selected through available sampling. To collect the data of this study, the eye-image mind-reading questionnaire (2001), (RMET), the Bernstein Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (2003) (CTQ), were used. Data analysis was performed using multiple regression method with SPSS-27 software. Findings: The findings showed that neglect (emotional and physical) was the strongest predictor of problems in social cognition in students. Conclusion: Consequently, this study provides evidence for the relationship between emotional and physical neglect and emotional understanding in healthy individuals, and shows that childhood trauma may affect social cognition. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
249 - The Effectiveness of Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment to the Psychological Well-Being of Mothers of ADHD Children
Azam Sadat Mousavi Tabeshian Heman MahmoudfakhehPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to the psychological well-being of mothers of ADHD children. Methodology: The present study was a quasi-experimental study of pre-test-post-test designs wit MorePurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to the psychological well-being of mothers of ADHD children. Methodology: The present study was a quasi-experimental study of pre-test-post-test designs with a control group. In a quasi-experimental study, 20 mothers referring to the nesting center in Mahabad in 2016 were selected by convenience sampling method and the experimental group (n = 10) and the control group (n = 10) were replaced. The intervention group received training with acceptance and commitment-based therapy and the control group did not receive training. The research tool was Reef Psychological Welfare Questionnaire (1989). Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis using SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment was effective on the psychological well-being of mothers of ADHD children. Also, acceptance-based therapy and commitment to all subscales of psychological well-being have been significant (P <0.05) except for autonomy subscales and positive relationships. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, acceptance and commitment-based therapy can be used to increase the psychological well-being of mothers of ADHD children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
250 - The Investigation of the Effect of Verse and Story Based Training on Improving the Attitudes of Normal Children toward the Deaf and Blind Children
Farideh Kalhori Qumarth KarimiPurpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of poetry-based education and storytelling on improving the attitudes of normal children towards deaf and blind children. Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test wit MorePurpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of poetry-based education and storytelling on improving the attitudes of normal children towards deaf and blind children. Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of normal girls aged 7-12 years in comprehensive libraries in Tehran in the summer of 2014. Then 50 female students were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (25 people in each group). Data were collected using the Chidak-McMaster scale to measure children's attitudes toward children with disabilities. Rosenbaum, Aramstrang, King (1988) (CATCH). After the pre-test, 13 training sessions based on poetry and storytelling were held by experienced instructors for the experimental group. After the training sessions, post-test was performed on both experimental and control groups. Research data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the scores of normal children's attitudes toward the blind and deaf children in the expriment group (verse and story based training group) in comparison with the control group who did not see training (P ≤.05). Conclusion: Findings of this research has implications for revision of educational programs of related organizations including the Education Organization and the Center for the Development of Children and Adolescents to change the attitude of children in different emotional, cognitive and social areas by verse and story based training to create more motivation in children to communicate with children with disabilities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
251 - Identification of the Factors Effective in Designing the Child-Friendly Cultural Complexes (Based on Natural Environment Concept)
Gholam Reza Zareian Jahromi Ignatyeva Galina Aleksandrovna -
Open Access Article
252 - Studying the childish vision in poetry of Sohrab Sepehri,based on the theory of cognitive Development of Jean Piaget
leila hormozani Masoud PakdelChildhood and childhood language are so valuable and reflective, and by proving that poetry is a kind of return to childhood, poets are trying to identify some aspects of poetry. This, of course, is regarded only as an approach or approach to poetry, not as the only app MoreChildhood and childhood language are so valuable and reflective, and by proving that poetry is a kind of return to childhood, poets are trying to identify some aspects of poetry. This, of course, is regarded only as an approach or approach to poetry, not as the only approach to poetry.the childish viewof the world goes back to the essence of art and causes the artist to discover the universe moment by moment. In this study, the return of the poet to childhood in Sohrab Sepehri's poetry is examined based on some of Piaget's views, the famous Swiss psychologist, who is a poet of a kind back to childhood, and after expressing and elaborating on the stages of the child's cognitive development and describing the main features of his thinking and behavior. Examples of Sohrab Sepehri's poetry that have the characteristics of childlike thinking are discussed. The results show that different effects are seen from the child's point the results show that various manifestation from a chldish perspective such as introspection, realism of words,question and answer, ect, wich are discussed in piagets theory of grown, can be seen in Sohrab Sepehri's poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
253 - A Comparative Study of the Nature Concept in Children's Poetry (Case study: Suleiman Al-Issa and Mostafa Rahmandost's poems)
toran afri rahimeh Choulanian sadegh Ebrahimi kavariChildren's literature is any text written or composed with the help of specific technical and literary principles and content appropriate to the child's age group so that the child can communicate with it well. As a result, the works written or composed for children mus MoreChildren's literature is any text written or composed with the help of specific technical and literary principles and content appropriate to the child's age group so that the child can communicate with it well. As a result, the works written or composed for children must follow certain technical principles. In terms of emotional and psychological aspects, they must be such that they affect the child's seeking-beauty soul and arouse his emotions and feelings. In Arabic literature, "Suleiman Al-Issa" and in Persian literature, "Mustafa Rahmandost" are among the poets who devoted a large part of their poems to children's issues and left valuable works in this field. The present research, written with a descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, has investigated the manifestations of the divine and earthly nature in the children's poems of the two mentioned poets. It is concluded that both poets paid attention to phenomena such as the sky, rain, wind, sea, river, and tree in their poems and, while drawing them, also expressed some appropriate moral and educational principles for children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
254 - Animism and mythological approach in the poetry of ten child and adolescent poets
Abbas Baghinejad Barat MohamadiThe boundless imagination and emotional world of children provide a platform for creating spaces and creatures that are not dissimilar to the mythological creations of ancient times or those created in the world of myths. This childish ability has always been of interes MoreThe boundless imagination and emotional world of children provide a platform for creating spaces and creatures that are not dissimilar to the mythological creations of ancient times or those created in the world of myths. This childish ability has always been of interest and use to children's and young adult poets who, through the use of anthropomorphism, consciously or unconsciously, have depicted the common outputs of children's mentality and the world of myths. The result of this approach is the development of a type of anthropomorphic poetry based on a mythical mentality in children's poetry, which in this study has been analyzed and described based on the works of ten poets. Research findings indicate that poets have taken into account the emotional attachment of children to nature in this field. Unconsciously, influenced by the pattern of mythology and ancient anthropomorphism, the poets employed the technique of anthropomorphism in a particular way tuned to childish imagination. Therefore, they are able to represent the phenomena and manifestations of nature anthropomorphously providing a basis for emotional recognition of natural elements and objects for child audiences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
255 - Training parents for child sexual education to prevent sexual harassment
Fatemeh Pakpour Faezeh Nateghi Mahnaz JalalvandiThe present study explained the role and responsibility of parents and schools in the sexual education of children through library studies and qualitative-descriptive research methods in this field. Child sexual education requires parents to know when, what and how to p MoreThe present study explained the role and responsibility of parents and schools in the sexual education of children through library studies and qualitative-descriptive research methods in this field. Child sexual education requires parents to know when, what and how to pass it on to their child. Some parents think that it is better to keep the child away from any sexual issues so that sexual thoughts do not develop in their minds, but sexual questions inevitably arise in the minds of children and the ignorance of parents and their inability to answer some questions of children cause children to get confused about sexual issues. Therefore, the most important issue for them is to grow up in a safe environment physically, mentally and emotionally. In the meantime, due to the prevalence of abnormalities and widespread factors that make sexual deviations more and more widespread, it is the suitable implementation of sexual education methods that requires children to be raised in a healthy environment based on religious supervision and education. Employing such methods also guide their sexual instincts in the right direction, and protect them from all kinds of abnormalities such as masturbation, thirst, oral and verbal sexual abuse, prostitution and pornography that lead to sexual perversion and harm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
256 - Provide a Model for Identifying Indicators of Education Development (Tuition and Content Services, Health-Individual Education, etc.) in Working Children
Nafiseh Sadat Nabavi Jafari Mostafa Niknami Mohammadali Hosseini Nader Gholi Ghuorchiyan Parivash Jafari -
Open Access Article
257 - Determining the optimal per capita use of urban green space in designing a child-friendly city using GIS (Case study: Semnan city)
Mohsen Ghods Oliya Shariati Parnian Sadat AmidFrom childhood, human destiny has been intertwined with the environment and the surrounding space. Many educators believe that the personality of every human being is formed in the first 6 years of his life. On the other hand, the expansion of vertical constructions and MoreFrom childhood, human destiny has been intertwined with the environment and the surrounding space. Many educators believe that the personality of every human being is formed in the first 6 years of his life. On the other hand, the expansion of vertical constructions and the use of minimal space to create houses today do not give the opportunity to build yards and safe alleys for children's physical activities (such as running, playing, exercising, etc.). It is in this context that the role of public green space in the city for adults, especially children, becomes more prominent. Therefore, by examining the needs and problems that children face in urban environments, urban space designers can plan and design appropriate to provide favorable conditions for the physical, mental, emotional and social development of children and the flourishing of their talents and interests. Security and be actively present. However, the problem of lack of green space and its inappropriate distribution can be seen in many cities in Iran. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of water supply and dry air. The city of Semnan, as one of the desert cities with special climatic conditions, needs a favorable urban green space. In the present study, which is written in an applied type and based on a research-analytical method, data collection has been done in the form of documents (library) and field. A questionnaire was prepared to examine the research indicators and distributed among different sections of society. Then, using GIS and analysis, the significance coefficient was assigned to each of the indicators. Finally, according to the research formula of the study proposed by Mr. Kambiz Bahram Soltani, the proposed per capita amount for the use of green space in the city of Semnan due to unfavorable climatic conditions, 28 square meters was proposed. The result of the research shows that the city of Semnan, considering the climatic conditions, is far from the appropriate per capita research proposal. Finally, solutions to improve green space are suggested. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
258 - Predicting Child Abuse during the Covid-19 Epidemic based on Parental Burnout and Control
صدیقه نجفی مجتبی امیری مجدAbstractThe aim of the current research was to predict child abuse during the covid-19 epidemicbased on parental burnout and control. The research community was formed by all themothers of preschool students in Qazvin city in 1401, of which 90 people were selected as as MoreAbstractThe aim of the current research was to predict child abuse during the covid-19 epidemicbased on parental burnout and control. The research community was formed by all themothers of preschool students in Qazvin city in 1401, of which 90 people were selected as asample by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The tools used in this research wereStrauss et al.'s (1998) parent-child conflict assessment questionnaire, Rozkam et al.'s (2018)parental burnout scale, and PARQ parental control questionnaire. Pearson's correlationcoefficient and multivariate regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The findingsshowed that there is an inverse relationship between parental burnout and assertivediscipline, and there is also a direct relationship between parental burnout and mental andphysical abuse (p<0.05). Also, acceptance and affection have a direct relationship with firmdiscipline, but an inverse relationship with mental and physical abuse. Hostility/aggressionalso has an inverse relationship with firm discipline, but a direct relationship with mentaland physical abuse. Parental rejection also has a direct relationship with mental abuse andan inverse relationship with physical abuse (p<0.05). No significant relationship wasobserved between other variables. The findings of this research show the importance of therelationship between parental fatigue and control and child abuse, and 30.4% of child abusecan be predicted by parental exhaustion and control. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
259 - Structural Model of the Relationship between Childhood Injuries and Sexual Intimacy with the Mediating Role of Self-compassion in Married Women
فرشته میرزایی صاحبه بریمانی فاطمه زارع سمانه فراهانیAbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women. The present study was a descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical MoreAbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women. The present study was a descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of the study included married women in Tehran and Sari city, from which 196 people were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools included a short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, self-compassion scale and sexual intimacy questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation model were used for data analysis using AMOS and SPSS version 22 software. The results showed that sexual intimacy had a negative relationship with childhood injuries (-0.44) and had a significant positive relationship with self-compassion (0.25) at the level of 0.01. Self-compassion also played a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women (P<0.001). Accordingly, compassion had a mediating role in the relationship between childhood injuries and sexual intimacy in married women. Thus, in married women, childhood trauma can reduce sexual intimacy through its effect on compassion. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
260 - The effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on improving working memory and attention in children with math disorders
پگاه نفریه علیرضا پیرخائفیAbstract One of the problems of students with math disorder is lack of attention and difficulty in active memory, which can be increased with play therapy. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on improving MoreAbstract One of the problems of students with math disorder is lack of attention and difficulty in active memory, which can be increased with play therapy. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on improving working memory and attention of children with math disorders. The method of this research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all students with math disorders in the first half of 2019. The research sample consisted of 30 people who were selected by available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. And they answered the questionnaires of the Iran Key Math diagnostic test (2001), children's working memory by Pickering and Gathercole (2001) and color word Stroop (2006) before and after the intervention. The experimental group underwent child-centered play therapy intervention for 8 sessions of 45 minutes, and the control group did not receive any training. The research data was analyzed using correlation. The results of covariance analysis showed that child-centered play therapy has a positive effect on working memory and attention of students with math disorders. The effect on working memory was 0.55 and on attention was 0.61 (P<0.01). Play therapy is effective in improving working memory and attention of children with mathematical disorders. Therefore, this type of education can be used to reduce the problems of children with math disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
261 - The impact of the philosophy program for children through the rings to explore creativity, social adjustment and academic achievement science in third grade students
حسین مومنی مهموئی عفت پرورشThe purpose of this study Philosophy for Children program through the rings to explore the creative, social adjustment and academic achievement of students’ third grade elementary school. The research method is quasi-experimental. Thus the success of the program a MoreThe purpose of this study Philosophy for Children program through the rings to explore the creative, social adjustment and academic achievement of students’ third grade elementary school. The research method is quasi-experimental. Thus the success of the program and how Lippmann, development and creation of programs (p4c) were considered. P4c taken from Lippmann's ideas were explored in the survey style rings. To study the effect on the population of the research program that all students in third grade boys Qaen academic year (94-93) are using cluster sampling, the beginning of the boys' schools randomly choose a school and then two classes (20 people) Stand-third of the schools selected Inventory Inventory creativity Torrance, California social adjustment and academic achievement in science questionnaire before and after the implementation of the program of philosophy for children in the course of implementation and obtained information collection and analysis, spss software was used. In the final stage of data using descriptive statistics and independent samples T-test and analysis of covariance were analyzed and the results showed that: Philosophy for Children program through the rings explored to increase social harmony, creativity and academic achievement of students in third grade primary influence, Therefore it can be concluded that the use of philosophy for children can be explored through the loop of social harmony, creativity and increase student achievement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
262 - The investigation of Role of Teaching Philosophy to Children on Reduction of Outflow and Inflow of the Anger on Male Students in High School of 14th Educational district in Tehran.
maryam jenabzadeh rodbare فهیمه انصاریان عزت اله نادریThe aim of this study is to investigate the role of teaching philosophy (p4c) to reduce anger the outflow and inflow at first grade male students in the public high school of district 14 in Tehran. The study population includes all male students in public high schools w MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the role of teaching philosophy (p4c) to reduce anger the outflow and inflow at first grade male students in the public high school of district 14 in Tehran. The study population includes all male students in public high schools who were studying from the academic year 2015-2014 District 14 of Tehran. The research sample consists of 60 students in the experimental and control groups who are placed non-randomly. After teaching philosophy courses to children in order to assess their anger management, researcher uses the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Inventory - 2 Spielberger (STAXI-2). In order to test the hypotheses, ANCOVA analysis of covariance is used. Generally, results of this study confirm the validity and reliability of the philosophy program for children on the reduced outflow and inflow of teen’s anger. In the last article, we have tried to theoretical explanation of why the effect of Philosophy for Children program to reduce anger in teenagers also be provided Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
263 - The investigation of Role of Teaching Philosophy to Children on Reduction of Outflow and Inflow of the Anger on Male Students in High School of 14th Educational district in Tehran.
maryam jenabzadeh rodbare FAHIMEH ansarian ezaatollah naderiThe aim of this study is to investigate the level of reliabilityof teaching philosophy (p4c) inActivitieseducation, on anger management of male junior students of public high schools of the14thdistrict of Tehran.This study is an applied research project that was conduct MoreThe aim of this study is to investigate the level of reliabilityof teaching philosophy (p4c) inActivitieseducation, on anger management of male junior students of public high schools of the14thdistrict of Tehran.This study is an applied research project that was conducted with quasi-experimental method and preliminary and final test with a control group without randomly selection.The study sample contains all high school male students of the 14th district ofTehran enrolled in the academic year of2014-2015.The sample size of the study was60students that were non-randomly placed in two groups of 30experimental and 30control subjects.After running the PhilosophyforChildren program,in order toassess students’ strategies to control their anger, the researcher used the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory- 2 Spielberger(STAXI-2).In order to test the hypothesis, ANCOVA, the analysis of covariance was used. In conclusion, the findings of this study the researcher general question whether the growing activities of teaching philosophy to children in the planning and control anger out on secondary school students is effective or not, call the validity and reliabilityof the programof Philosophy for Children in anger management in teens Vgnjandn its production operations, Barrick component, the Control Anger adolescents Weber other components, namely a reduction in anger, did not approve. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
264 - Effectiveness of neurofeedback treatment on increasing the attention of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
mahsa mohamadi mehrnaz azadyektaAbstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback treatment on increasing the attention of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The statistical population of this study included children with ADHD referred to MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback treatment on increasing the attention of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The statistical population of this study included children with ADHD referred to Behjoo and ravanpouya Consulting Center. Of which 20 respondents were interviewed in a accessible sampling method by the Parents' Corner questionnaire. They were divided into two groups of 10 people. The experimental group received neurofeedback treatment for 30 sessions, but the control group did not receive the training and are on the waiting list. Also, for analysis of data, covariance analysis was used and to speed up the results, SPSS-21 software was used. The results of this study showed that neurofeedback treatment significantly increased the attention of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In other words, attention and concentration of children with ADHD was significantly higher in neurofeedback treatment than in the control group. Key words: Neurofeedback treatment, attention rate, children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
265 - Comparison of the duration of education based on the parent-child relationship with parental management education the parent-child relationship (Case study: Children with coping disobedience disorder)
rahim solghi Fariborz Bagheri hassan ahadiDisobedient disorder is one of the most common childhood psychological disorders that has adverse effects on family interactions that need to be properly identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the duration of education based on child-parent relation MoreDisobedient disorder is one of the most common childhood psychological disorders that has adverse effects on family interactions that need to be properly identified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the duration of education based on child-parent relationship with parent management education to improve parent-child relationships. This study was performed as a quasi-experimental (pre-test post-test with control group with follow-up). In this study, the statistical population includes all parents of children aged 11-5 years with coping disorder in Tehran. In order to conduct the research, 45 mothers of children with the disorder who had referred for the treatment of their children participated in the study by available sampling. Then, to evaluate the pre-test and before the intervention, the mothers completed the Children Behavioral Symptoms Questionnaire and the Parental Rejection and Acceptance Questionnaire. In the next stage, the two experimental groups received treatment and intervention along with drug therapy, and the control group received only drug therapy. At the end of the intervention, the mentioned questionnaires were completed by the mothers in the post-test and follow-up stages. Data were also analyzed by Kalmogorov-Smirnov, Shaipro-Wilk test, analysis of variance and pairwise comparison of means. The results showed that group-based parent-child relationship training and parental management training were significantly effective in improving parent-child relationships in children with coping disorder in the post-test and follow-up stages. The effect of treatment is lasting over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
266 - The Effectiveness of Creative Storytelling on Creativity and Problem Solving Ability of Preschool Children
Hamed Doost mohammadi Masoome Marvizadeh Ramesh Dadfar Tahere AyinThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of creative storytelling on creativity and problem solving ability of preschool children was conducted. Research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population inclu MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of creative storytelling on creativity and problem solving ability of preschool children was conducted. Research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The study population included all preschool children (5-6 years old) in city of Yazd, that a sample of 30 subjects were selected by multistage cluster sampling and And randomly divided into two groups (n = 15) and control (n = 15). In both groups, pre-test was conducted and the experimental group and trial operation of creative storytelling and received 10 sessions and post-test for both groups. To gather data, the Tower of London and Torrance creativity questionnaire (picture form) was used. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that creative storytelling significantly improves problem solving ability and creativity of preschool children. Based on our results, we can say, creative storytelling can be an efficient method to improve problem solving ability and creativity of preschool children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
267 - The Impact of Philosophy-based Curriculum on Children's Action-Based Thinking Based
Majid Amiri setareh MousaviPaying attention to philosophy-oriented curriculum as an integral part of improving public thinking skills is growing worldwide. Due to the positive effects of Philosophy-oriented curriculum, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of Philosophy-oriented curricu MorePaying attention to philosophy-oriented curriculum as an integral part of improving public thinking skills is growing worldwide. Due to the positive effects of Philosophy-oriented curriculum, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of Philosophy-oriented curriculum on children ' thinking skills based on Islamic teachings. In this quasi-experimental study Fifth grade students at Shahreza were randomly selected and then divided into control and case groups, each group contained 56 members. Data gathering device was researcher-made questionnaire on action-seeking thinking and data was analyzed by SPSS- 18. The findings of this study indicated that philosophy-oriented curriculum causes significant improvement in the children' thinking skills (Detect, change and evaluate the issue) philosophy-oriented curriculum is effective in improving the quality of thinking skills of children so it canbe considered as a useful measure in this field. Keywords: Philosophy-oriented curriculum, Action Planning Thought, Children, Islam Keywords: Philosophy-oriented curriculum, Action Planning Thought, Children, Islam, s Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
268 - The Effectiveness of the Philosophy Teaching Approach for Child (p4c) in English word Students Skills
homa Imani Ghodsi Ahqhar Maryam Seif NaraqiAbstract The purpose of this study was to determine the Effectiveness of the Philosophy Teaching Approach for Child (p4c) in English word Students Skills of first grade high school students in district 5 of Tehran. Sample size was determined according to Cochran's formu MoreAbstract The purpose of this study was to determine the Effectiveness of the Philosophy Teaching Approach for Child (p4c) in English word Students Skills of first grade high school students in district 5 of Tehran. Sample size was determined according to Cochran's formula of 60 with multi-stage sampling. To collect the data, a pet understanding and teaching philosophy for the child was performed for 10 sessions each 90 minutes. This quasi-experimental study was a pretest-posttest with a control group with a follow-up phase. To analyze the data, intergroup analysis of variance and dependent t-test were used. The results of the study showed that the English word of students who received philosophy education for the child was significantly higher than the students who did not receive this training, so the implementation of the philosophy teaching approach for the child, the English language word skills of the students It also increases the stability and stability over time. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
269 - The effectiveness of parent management training on mother-child relationships and self- criticism mothers of children with intellectual disability
سمیه تکلوی Mehdi JahangiriThe aim of study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent management training program on mother-child relationships and self- criticism mothers of children with intellectual disability. This study is a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test in two g MoreThe aim of study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent management training program on mother-child relationships and self- criticism mothers of children with intellectual disability. This study is a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test in two groups (experimental and control) respectively. The population consisted of all mothers of children with intellectual disability (care centers and special schools) Pars Abad city in 1395 that 30 individuals were selected by convenience sampling method and were replaced in two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Parent-Child Relationship Scale and levels of self- criticism were used to collect data. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 60-minute of parent management training and a control group remained with no intervention. The data analysis was performed by MANOVA. . The hypothesis of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent management training program on mother-child relationships and self- criticism mothers of children with intellectual disability. Results showed that parent management training programs enhance the mother-child relationship and its components and reduce self-criticism and its components in mothers of children with intellectual disability. As a result, it can be stated, parent management training program can be an efficient method to improve mother-child relationships and self-criticism decline in mothers of children with intellectual disability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
270 - The ability of preschool children to distinguish among use right and ownership right
Saeed Mahmoodpour Hadi Bahrami Noorali Farrokhi Fariborz DortajThis research was aimed to investigate the ability of preschool children to distinguish among gifts, shopping and borrow. Present research was applied from type of quantitative. Research statistical population was preschool children of Pakdasht Township in 2017-18 acade MoreThis research was aimed to investigate the ability of preschool children to distinguish among gifts, shopping and borrow. Present research was applied from type of quantitative. Research statistical population was preschool children of Pakdasht Township in 2017-18 academic years. The research sample consisted of 25 people (10 girls and 15 boys) who were selected by random cluster sampling method. To collect data was used from structured interview about the concepts of gifts (take with you right of object), shopping (ownership right of object) and borrow (use right of object). The face and content validity of interview questions was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was reported desirable by method of examiners. To analyzed data used from one-sample T-test and SPSS-19 software. The results showed that preschool children understand that in borrow only have the use right of object, but don’t have ownership right and taken with you right of object. Also, in shopping and gifts have the use right, ownership right and taken with you right of object. In addition, ownership right and taken with you right in gifts and shopping significantly was higher than borrow and there was no significant difference between the rate of them in gifts and shopping. There was no significant difference between the use right in gifts, shopping and borrow (P>0/05). According to the results, it is recommended that to preschool children be trained distinguish among use right, ownership right and taken with you right based on the concepts of gifts, shopping and borrow. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
271 - Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on the Components of Maternal Emotional Intelligence
Zobeideh Babajanzadeh Ghodratallah Abbasi Ramezan HasanzadehThe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and commitment based therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the components of maternal emotional intelligence. The present study is a pilot study of pretest-posttest design with control group and MoreThe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and commitment based therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the components of maternal emotional intelligence. The present study is a pilot study of pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up. The sample consisted of 45 mothers with 5-7 years old children who were selected by non-random sampling from four preschool centers and randomly divided into three groups - two experimental groups (15 each) and one control group (15) ) Were replaced. And answered the questions of the Revised Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (MSEIS). Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy had a significant effect on the emotional intelligence components of mothers of preschool children (p <0.01). The results also showed that in the components of emotion regulation, perception of the variable emotional intelligence of cognitive behavioral therapy was more effective than acceptance and commitment based therapy (p <0.01) and only in the component of emotion regulation between cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance-based therapy. There was no significant difference between commitment and commitment (p >0.01). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
272 - The effect of group training solution-focused parenting to mothers on aggression and problem solving of preschool children
Fatemeh Mousazadeh Farideh HashemianNejadThe aim of this study was determine the effect of group training solution-focused parenting to mothers on aggression and problem solving of preschool children. This research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. MoreThe aim of this study was determine the effect of group training solution-focused parenting to mothers on aggression and problem solving of preschool children. This research was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was mothers of preschool children of Mashhad in the 2019-20 academic years, which from them 40 people were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups (20 people in each group). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes group training solution-focused parenting and the control group received no training. To collected data used from the questionnaires of aggression (Buss & Perry, 1992) and problem solving (Heppner, 1988). To analyzed data used from tests of Fisher, independent t and multivariate analysis of covariance with SPSS-19 software. The findings showed that in the pre-test there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of aggression and problem solving (P>0/05), but in the post-test there was significant difference in terms of both variables (p < 0/05). This means that group training solution-focused parenting to mothers led to decrease aggression and increase problem solving of preschool children. Therefore, it is recommended to use from group training solution-focused parenting method to improve psychological characteristics especially decreasing aggression and increasing problem solving. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
273 - The role of schools in the prevention and management of juvenile delinquency
Abdolmahdi Sharifnejad Behnam Yosefian shorehdeli mohammad javad baqizadehThe purpose of this study is to investigate the educational role of schools in the prevention and management of juvenile delinquency. In this study, while examining the role of teachers, counselors, programs of the Parents and Teachers Association, the cooperation of fa MoreThe purpose of this study is to investigate the educational role of schools in the prevention and management of juvenile delinquency. In this study, while examining the role of teachers, counselors, programs of the Parents and Teachers Association, the cooperation of families with schools, considering the educational role of families, the effectiveness of school programs and education in reducing juvenile delinquency has been examind. In this research, using the method of qualitative content analysis of educational tasks in schools, the researcher has studied and extracted the foundations of the philosophy of education in crime prevention. The filde of research is all narrative texts related to the educational role of schools, researchers and the document of fundamental transformation of education. Data collection in this library research and using electronic resourses, research has been done and reference has been made to some educational files of delinquents. Data analysis in this study is based on a descriptive interpretive approach. Given that the individual,s personality and social development is the result of the influence of the environment, and since students spend most of their time in school and family, schools can play an important role in preventing and managing students, delinquency with the cooperation of families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
274 - Providing a model for teaching philosophy cooperatively to children through social problem solving with an emphasis on social problem solving
ُSeyed Mohsen Delbari Aboutaleb Seadatee Shamir Mohsen Imani NaeiniThe purpose of this study was to present a model of teaching philosophy to children in a participatory method with emphasis on social intelligence on elementary students of education in district five. The statistical population in this section of the study was academic MoreThe purpose of this study was to present a model of teaching philosophy to children in a participatory method with emphasis on social intelligence on elementary students of education in district five. The statistical population in this section of the study was academic community experts and education professionals with executive backgrounds in decision-making levels known as knowledgeable experts. This group was selected to conduct the qualitative part of the research and participate in the interview process using the Delphi method; the qualitative part of the present study purposely describes the open coding of Budastras and Corbin (1990). From the analysis that is specifically related to naming and categorizing the phenomenon through careful examination of the data ". In other words, in this type of coding, the concepts within the interviews and documents are classified according to their relevance to similar topics. The result of this step is to massively distill and summarize information obtained from interviews and documents into concepts and categories that are similar to these questions. The results showed that human cognition, relation of concepts to each other, social intelligence, concept definitions, reasoning about concepts and critical thinking respectively have the highest factor loadings and factor weight on the second-order factor six-factor model of philosophy education for children through participatory method. have. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
275 - The Impact of Positive Parenting Education on Reducing Symptoms of Pertinacity, Disobedience and Conduct Disorder in Children Ages 7 To 10 Years
khodabakhsh kharaei taktom sadat jafar tabatabaei samaneh sadat jafar tabatabaeiThe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group positive parenting education to mothers on symptoms of pertinacity, disobedience and conduct disorder in children. The method of this study was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test designs and follow up MoreThe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group positive parenting education to mothers on symptoms of pertinacity, disobedience and conduct disorder in children. The method of this study was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test designs and follow up with the control group. Statistical society of this study includes all elementary school children in Kohnuj city schools and 980 boys with their mothers. Symptoms of conduct disorder were diagnosed in 40 of these children according to the parents' Snape rating form (1980) which is about high pertinacity –disobedience and based on the scale of the questionnaire. This was done using the available sampling method and the sample size was divided into experimental group (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). Experimental group learned positive parenting in 8 sessions with 90 minute per sessions. The results of the analysis show that group positive parenting education was effective on reducing of pertinacity and disobedience of conduct experimental group subjects and the case of stubbornness - disobedience had a lasting impact. It can be concluded that group positive parenting education for mothers affects on the symptoms of pertinacity-disobedience and conduct disorder and reduce their symptoms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
276 - The Comparison Between Tow Methods of playing and storytelling in pre-school children self-help and Social skills
Maryam AfzalkhaniThe present study was conducted to compare the two methods of play and storytelling on self-help skills and social skills of preschool children in Varamin. Trascott (1989) and Spence (1999) Self-Help Skills Questionnaire were used to collect data. In order to conduct th MoreThe present study was conducted to compare the two methods of play and storytelling on self-help skills and social skills of preschool children in Varamin. Trascott (1989) and Spence (1999) Self-Help Skills Questionnaire were used to collect data. In order to conduct the research, the present study examines self-help skills and social skills through two methods of group storytelling and group play. Therefore, in this research, a quasi-experimental research method has been used with a pre-test-post-test design and It is done with the control group. Also, the statistical population of the present study includes all preschool children in Varamin. In the present study, 64 preschool children were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups including: 1- Games 2- Storytelling (each containing 16 people) and a control group of 32 people. The analysis of research data was performed by SPSS statistical software to describe the data of mean statistical indices and standard deviation and frequency distribution tables and bar graphs and in research hypotheses to keep the effect of scores from the statistical test of analysis of covariance used. The results showed that after adjusting the pre-test scores, the difference between the experimental and control groups in the variables of self-help skills and social skills is as follows. Increased There is also a significant difference between the preschool children of the experimental group and the control group in terms of social skills with pre-test control. And boy, there is no difference, and both methods are equally effective Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
277 - Investigating the level of attention to the components of children's rights in fifth grade textbooks
akram Tafarshi Nejad nasrin ghanabri atiye anjamiThe aim of the research was to determine the level of attention paid to the components of children's rights in fifth grade textbooks. The research method was content analysis and the statistical population of social studies books, Hadih Asemani and Farsi of the fifth gr MoreThe aim of the research was to determine the level of attention paid to the components of children's rights in fifth grade textbooks. The research method was content analysis and the statistical population of social studies books, Hadih Asemani and Farsi of the fifth grade. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist to measure the components of individual, social and family rights. The reliability coefficient of the tool was 0.85 based on William Scott's formula (1995). Shannon's entropy method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the amount of attention paid to the components of children's rights in the studied books is as follows: In the field of indicators of the individual rights component of children, "the right to identity and human dignity", the first rank is the most attention; and "minority children's rights" are the last rank of the least attention. Regarding family rights, the index "right to parental supervision and intervention" ranks first, the most attention; and "entering the competent court despite the problems" are the last rank of the least attention, and finally, in the field of social rights, "cultural rights" are the first rank of the most attention; And "rights of disabled children and judicial rights of children" are ranked the least attention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
278 - Diagnostic value of family drawing test to identify how children 4 to 6 years old with family members
aazam salehi shahin oliyaei zand hadi bahramiThe main aim of this study was to evaluate distinguishing Value of Familly drawing test for diagnosis the relationship between 4 _ 6 old childrn with family members. Thus about 80 cases among girls and boys from two kindergardens in north and south of Tehran were choose MoreThe main aim of this study was to evaluate distinguishing Value of Familly drawing test for diagnosis the relationship between 4 _ 6 old childrn with family members. Thus about 80 cases among girls and boys from two kindergardens in north and south of Tehran were choosen as samples. Familly drawing test was performed on the cases. Then thay and their familly were interiewed. Finding of this research showed that some interpretive signs of familly drawing test, likee valuation, devaluation, and omitting have its proficiency for distingush status of childs relationship with familly members. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
279 - The effect of storytelling and role playing on learning social skills by teachable mentally retarded children
robabeh abaresi saeed temuriThe present study investigates the effect of storytelling and role playing on learning social skills by teachable mentally retarded children. Te study is a quasi-experimental one, with pre-test, post-test and control group. The sample included 30 children who were assig MoreThe present study investigates the effect of storytelling and role playing on learning social skills by teachable mentally retarded children. Te study is a quasi-experimental one, with pre-test, post-test and control group. The sample included 30 children who were assigned randomly to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group experienced a 2.5 months of storytelling along with role playing. Based on t-test results, social skills in experimental group significantly improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
280 - The impact of the philosophy program for children through the rings to explore creativity, social adjustment and academic achievement science in third grade students
hossein momeni effat parvareshThe purpose of this study Philosophy for Children program through the rings to explore the creative, social adjustment and academic achievement of student's third grade elementary school. The research method is quasi-experimental .Thus the success of the program and how MoreThe purpose of this study Philosophy for Children program through the rings to explore the creative, social adjustment and academic achievement of student's third grade elementary school. The research method is quasi-experimental .Thus the success of the program and how Lippmann, development and creation of programs (p4c) were considered. P4c taken from Lippmann's ideas were explored in the survey style rings. To study the effect on the population of the research program that all students in third grade boys Ghaen academic year (94-93) are using cluster sampling, the beginning of the boys' schools randomly choose a school and then two classes (20 people) Stand-third of the schools selected Inventory Inventory creativity Torrance, California social adjustment and academic achievement in science questionnaire before and after the implementation of the program of philosophy for children in the course of implementation and obtained information collection and analysis, spss software was used. In the final stage of data using descriptive statistics and independent samples T-test and analysis of covariance were analyzed and the results showed that: Philosophy for Children program through the rings explored to increase social harmony, creativity and academic achievement of students in third grade primary influence, Therefore it can be concluded that the use of philosophy for children can be explored through the loop of social harmony, creativity and increase student achievement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
281 - Effects of heavy metals on children's health
Ahmad Asl hashemi Fatemeh Yaghoobi roodposhti Gholamhossein SafariChildren are more susceptible and vulnerable to environmental pollutants relative to adults. Due to their unique physiological and behavioral characteristics, children are easier to be exposed to environmental pollutants than the general population. Children are more se MoreChildren are more susceptible and vulnerable to environmental pollutants relative to adults. Due to their unique physiological and behavioral characteristics, children are easier to be exposed to environmental pollutants than the general population. Children are more sensitive to chemical exposure as their organs are still developing and not yet mature and their immune systems and detoxification mechanisms are weaker than adults. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of heavy metals (such as lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic), their sources, possible routes of exposure and entry of heavy metals into children's bodies, the vulnerability of children to heavy metals and the adverse effects of heavy metals on children's health. Entry of heavy metals to the body occurs through inhalation of contaminated air, dermal absorption, consumption of contaminated food, and drinking of contaminated water. Exposure of children to heavy metals has adverse impacts on their health. The entry of heavy metals into children's bodies affects not only the physical development of children but also their nervous system, kidneys, and bones. Exposure to heavy metals during pregnancy and childhood leads to unfavorable brain development and increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders and so-called autism in children. Many of these metals lead to mental retardation and neurological disorders in children due to memory problems and low IQ. Because of the detrimental health effects of heavy metals on children, efforts should be made to curb their pollution or release to the environment through stringent laws and regulations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
282 - The Criminal Policy of Protecting Children from Diversion in International Documents and Iranian Criminal Law Abstract
Behnam Nikoo Esmaiel Abdulahi Maryam SafaeeBehnam Nikoo[1] Esmaiel Abdulahi[2] Maryam Safaee[3] Abstract: Nowadays, one of the most common issues among scholars, espe­ci­a­l­ly lawyers and criminologists, is the issue of child criminality and how to deal with it and the ways of deviant in MoreBehnam Nikoo[1] Esmaiel Abdulahi[2] Maryam Safaee[3] Abstract: Nowadays, one of the most common issues among scholars, espe­ci­a­l­ly lawyers and criminologists, is the issue of child criminality and how to deal with it and the ways of deviant in society. Since the causes and reasons of crime among children are different from those of adults and on the other hand, this class of society is more psychologically and so­ci­­ally sensitive and more vulnerable than others, so a method should be adopted according to the conditions and situation of these people.This method, known as criminal policy for children and adolescents, is of great importance. Having a crim­in­al and penal policy appropriate to the circumstances of minors and adol­esc­ents can h­­elp civil society to advance one of its goals, which is to prevent future crimes. Therefore, criminal policy on children exposed to diversion sho­­uld be a preventive criminal policy in order to take legal steps to protect children at risk of crime and victimization. Given the imp­ort­a­n­c­e of this topic, this descriptive-analytical study examines the criminal policy of protecting children exposed to distortion in inte­rn­a­ti­onal documents and in Iranian criminal law. [1]- PhD student in Law, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran [2]- Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran: Corresponding Author [3]-Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
283 - Acquisition of Tense by Persian and English Speaking Children Between 2 to 4 Years Aged
Maryam Babanezhad Ramin Rahmany -
Open Access Article
284 - The effect of communicational skills training on parent-child conflict in boys adolescents with intellectual disability in Yazd
Mehdi Zarei Hossein Abadi kazem barzegar bafrooie morteza omidianThis study examined the effect of communicational skills training on parent-child conflict in boys adolescents with intellectual disability in Yazd. The design of this study was pretest-posttest with control group type and the population included boys with intellectual MoreThis study examined the effect of communicational skills training on parent-child conflict in boys adolescents with intellectual disability in Yazd. The design of this study was pretest-posttest with control group type and the population included boys with intellectual disability 11-20 years intellectual disability special schools in Yazd in the academic year 2014-2015. The sample included 40 students that randomly selected and divided into experiment and control groups (20 persons in each group). The instruments used in this study was Robin & Faster Conflict Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) that all participants completed it in pretest and Post test. The communicational skills training program, including 12 sessions of 50 minutes, was carried to the experimental group. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as independent t-test and covariance analysis was used for data analysis. The Results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between experiment and control groups among parent-child conflict and its Dimensions (p<0/01). The obtained results of data analysis demonstrated that communicational skills training decreased parent-child conflict (41/70%) and its components in adolescents of experimental group in compare with control group. Therefore, it is suggest that emphasis on communicational skills training in intellectual disability special schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
285 - Comparison of perceived social support, hope and academic achievement between the students living in Imam Khomeini relief foundation dormitories and the welfare organization homes of parentless and unsupervised children in West Azerbaijan
Javad keyhan sara mohammad moradi naghadeh fazel ganea gare baghThe aim this research is a comparative study of perceived social support, hope and academic achievement between the students living in Imam Khomeini relief foundation dormitories and the welfare organization homes of parent less and unsupervised children in West Azerbai MoreThe aim this research is a comparative study of perceived social support, hope and academic achievement between the students living in Imam Khomeini relief foundation dormitories and the welfare organization homes of parent less and unsupervised children in West Azerbaijan province. Research method was descriptive survey and the research community statistic were included all girl and boy students in high school living in Imam Khomeini relief foundations dormitories in the west Azerbaijan province. The sampling method due to statistic population restrict was census. In this research were used to gathering information from the multidimensional perceived social support scale (MSPSS) Zimet and colleagues (1988) , the Snyder hope questionnaire (1991) and the student academic records at the end of the semester. The results of multivariate analysis of one- way showed there are significant difference between these two groups in perceived social support, hope and academic achievement. So that students living in welfare organization homes of parent less and unsupervised have good social support perceived than Imam Khomeini relief foundation dormitories student. But, hope the students covered by the Relief Committee are for significantly more than students under welfare organization. Also the independent t-test results showed that academic achievement students living in Imam Khomeini relief foundations dormitories is Significantly higher than students living in welfare organizations home of parent less and unsupervised children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
286 - comparison of parenting style of usual and bulling children among elementary school of TEHRAN fifth region
Farkhondeh Mofidi Kamran Mamghaderi Masoud Najari Ali KhezernezhadThe purpose of this study was to compare the parenting styles of bullying children with the parents of normal children by causal-comparative method. The statistical population of this study was all sixth grade boys in district 5 of Tehran and their parents were 3796 peo MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the parenting styles of bullying children with the parents of normal children by causal-comparative method. The statistical population of this study was all sixth grade boys in district 5 of Tehran and their parents were 3796 people. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size was estimated to be 350. The sampling method was multi-stage cluster randomized questionnaire using Olweus Bully/Victim questionnaire (1996) and Baumrind parenting style questionnaire (1972), 300 questionnaires (due to some incomplete questionnaires and lack of accountability To them) were collected perfectly. The reliability of the questionnaires was 83% and 76%, respectively, through the Cronbach's alpha method. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between parenting style of bullying and normal children and the dominant role of permissive parenting style in the parents of bullying children, and authoritative parenting style in the parents of normal children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
287 - Investigating the Effectiveness of Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT) on the Child's Attitude towards the Mother and Happiness in Single-Parent (Mother) Adolescents
Fahima Al-Sadat Hashemi Fatemeh ZiglariPurpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of attachment-based family therapy (ABFT) on the child's attitude towards the mother and happiness in single-parent (mother) adolescents. Method: It was a semi-experimental research of pre-test-po MorePurpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of attachment-based family therapy (ABFT) on the child's attitude towards the mother and happiness in single-parent (mother) adolescents. Method: It was a semi-experimental research of pre-test-post-test type and with control group. The statistical population of the present study was all single parent (mother) teenagers who referred to the clinics of Isfahan city in 1401. The sampling method was available, and 30 samples were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15) and control group (15). The tools used in this research were Hodson's Child Attitude Scale (1985) and Oxford Happiness Scale (1989). Teenagers in the experimental group were trained in 10 sessions of 60 minutes. In this research, in order to analyze the obtained data, based on descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (inferential statistics (covariance), SPSS software was used. Findings: The data analysis showed that In the post-test stage, there is a significant difference between the average score of happiness in the two groups (P=0.001; F=0.870). Also, there was a significant difference in the score of the child's attitude towards the mother and its dimensions in the two groups. (P=0.001; F=0.620). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that with attachment-based family therapy (ABFT), the child's attitude towards the mother and happiness in single-parent teenagers (mother ) improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
288 - The Relationship between Parents’ Child Rearing Styles and Children’s Hardiness
Masoud NaghipourIn this study, the relationship between different child rearing styles (authoritarian, democratic, and easygoing) in parents and hardiness in their children was studied. The research question was whether there was a relationship between parents’ rearing styles and MoreIn this study, the relationship between different child rearing styles (authoritarian, democratic, and easygoing) in parents and hardiness in their children was studied. The research question was whether there was a relationship between parents’ rearing styles and hardiness in children. In order to find answer to the above question, 300 university students were selected on the basis of their sex (males and females) major (humanistic and biological branches of science) and age (19 to 25). Khobasa hardiness inventory (50 items) and Baumrind (30 items) questionnaire were administered to assess the hardiness in students and child rearing styles in parents, respectively. The Pearson correlation test and a post-hoc test (freedly + test) were used to analyze the obtained data. Regarding the obtained fact, two other hypotheses (the two sexes and the two majors differs in hardiness) were tested and to test the above hypotheses the statistical + student test was used. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between democratic rearing style and hardiness in children; moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between authoritarian style and hardiness. However, it seemed that easygoing rearing style and hardiness in children were not correlated. The two sexes differed significantly in hardiness but not the two university majors (humanistic and biological). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
289 - Surveying the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy on Anxiety, Stress and Depression in Diabetic Children of 17 Shahrivar Hospital at Rasht City
Gholamreza Manshae Shahin Kouh Manaie Seyedeh Sara MousaviIn recent years, research on the effectiveness of different psychological treatments to help people with different physical diseases has bene increased. The overall goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy treatment on MoreIn recent years, research on the effectiveness of different psychological treatments to help people with different physical diseases has bene increased. The overall goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group therapy treatment on anxiety, stress and depression in diabetic children in 17 Shahrivar Hospital at Rasht. Materials and Methods: This study is semi-experimental and the type of the pre-test and post-test control group. The statistical population of this study consists of all children with Type I diabetes who were admitted to 17 Shahrivar Hospital of Rasht for treatment from March 2013 until the beginning of July 2014. The statistical sample consisted of 30 people who were randomly divided into two experimental (n = 15) and control groups (n=15). And cognitive-behavioral group treatment program were done for experimental group for 12 sessions of 1-5 hours. And after completion of the treatment, posttest was performed on both groups. Variables of depression, stress and anxiety in the two groups of patients were discussed in two stages of pre-implementation and post-implementation. The instrument used in this study was specific questionnaire for depression, anxiety and stress DASS 42 and demographic questionnaire were used. In this study, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t-test, pre-test and post-test (paired) and bivariate independent t-test were used which the data was analyzed by SPSS software. The mean scores of depression and anxiety in the pretest and posttest in experiment and control group shows that implementation of cognitive behavioral therapy reduced the rate of anxiety and reduce stress and depression in the patients had no significant influence. The present study revealed that cognitive behavioral therapy group effect on anxiety and stress. It is therefore recommended to use this model as a treatment pattern for reducing anxiety and stress patterns in diabetic children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
290 - The Assessment of the Relationship Between Resiliency and Hardiness with Imposter Syndrome.
Shohre Ghorban ShiroudiThe present research aims in standardizing a multidimensional anxiety scale in children among Iranian students. In this study, when the original transcript of MASC was translated into Persian, it retranslated then reviewed for correction and the final form provided for MoreThe present research aims in standardizing a multidimensional anxiety scale in children among Iranian students. In this study, when the original transcript of MASC was translated into Persian, it retranslated then reviewed for correction and the final form provided for implementation. The participants in this study include 10-16 Year old students (353 girls, 347 boys) studying in Tonekabon. The multi-stage procedure was used to pick up sample (classified and clustered random). To investigate the convergent validity, the students answered the questionnaires in Revised children’s manifested anxiety scale (RCMAS). To control scale reliability, it was utilized Cronbach coefficient. To calculate scale validity, factor analysis was used as main components analysis. To prepare the norm table, there were utilized Z & T balanced scores. Cronbach coefficient also was recorded 0.91 for the total scale. Implementing exploratory factorial analysis through varimax rotation revealed a robust eight-factor structure. Correlation coefficient was significant between the total score in multidimensional anxiety scale in children and RCMAS. The children’s multidimensional anxiety scale showed an appropriate validity and internal homogeneity among Iranian students, therefore it can be used for further studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
291 - The Effectiveness of CODIP on Improvement of Self-concept and Enhancement of Resilience in Children of Divorce
Ali Mashhadi S.Atefe Hosieni Yazdi Zahra Asemi S.Ali KimyaieDivorce is one of the most stressor events in children and parents life. Divorce is a major changes and reorganization in life that influence on children`s adjustment The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectivness of Children of Divorce Intervention MoreDivorce is one of the most stressor events in children and parents life. Divorce is a major changes and reorganization in life that influence on children`s adjustment The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectivness of Children of Divorce Intervention Program on improvement of self-concept and enhancement of resilience in 10-12 years old chidren of divorce. For this purpose , 25 children that com from divorced family were selcted and randomly assigned to experimental (N=13) and control (N=12) groups .After 15 sessions of CODIP SEARS and CSCS in pre-post test format admistrated. analyze of data indicated that CODIP result in no change in children of divorce`s self-concept , whereas influences their resilience .females have more enhancment of resilience in comprison with male. .Attention to group programs and training of problems solving skills is important for divorce children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
292 - The relationship between attachment styles and child-parent conflict resolution strategies and self-efficacy with the attitudes of children toward parents
Ameneh KhalatbariThis study aims to determine the relationship between attachment styles and child-parent conflict resolution strat-egies and self-efficacy with the attitudes of children toward parents. Statistical population was of all high school students in Tonekabon city in 2015-201 MoreThis study aims to determine the relationship between attachment styles and child-parent conflict resolution strat-egies and self-efficacy with the attitudes of children toward parents. Statistical population was of all high school students in Tonekabon city in 2015-2016 who were selected as the cluster sampling method with a size of 150 samples. The research method is correlational. The results showed that:- Four variables of father’s aggression, mother’s argument, physical aggression of mother and self-efficiency of prediction power has the positive attitude of child towards father.- Four variables of father’s aggression, mother’s argument, self-efficiency and child’s aggres-sion has the prediction power of child’s positive attitude towards mother.As a result, it can be said that:For a posi-tive attitude of father, his aggression has the highest prediction power and self-efficiency has the least prediction power. However, for the positive attitude of mother, father’s aggression has the highest prediction power and child’s aggression has the least prediction power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
293 - Attachment style and social skills of children: The function of mediator emotional intelligence
Elham Ghorbanian Hadi Mohammadlo Mehdi Khanbani Fatemeh HasanabadiThis study aims to predict social skill in children based on their attachment style and emotional intelligence undertaken to examine the role of intervention. This research is a descriptive study. The population of this study consisted of all the students sixth and fift MoreThis study aims to predict social skill in children based on their attachment style and emotional intelligence undertaken to examine the role of intervention. This research is a descriptive study. The population of this study consisted of all the students sixth and fifth grade in Tehran, which included 267 boys and 245 girls were selected by cluster sampling. The survey questionnaire instruments were; social skills (Gresham & Elyot, 1991), emotional intelligence (Schutte, 1997) and attachment style (Ronaghi & colleagues, 1392). The data obtained from the structural equation modeling (SEM) were analyzed by using the LISERAL software. Results show that attachment style directly & indirectly lead to social skill through the mediation variable of emotional intelligence. Between endogenous latent variable and the indicator of attachment style, the path coefficients were respectively 0/60 & 0/32, between endogenous latent 0/41, 0/45 & 0/94, and between the latent variable of indigenous social sill and the indicator the path coefficients were sportively 0/35, 0/50, 0/90 & 0/85. It can be said that and all the causal paths were significant. Considering the importance and necessity of children social skills and its effects on children’s life, recognizing environmental factors such as attachment style and individual factors such as emotional intelligence can finally lead to a deeper recognition of factors affecting the transformation of children’s social skills in order to present suitable methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
294 - Investigate the relation between Achieved identity, Percieved child training methods and Hope quantity with Perceived stress in Sama high school girl students in Guilan
Javad Khalatbari Alaleh AshouriThis research is functioned to investigate the relation between Achieved identity, Percieved child training methods and Hope quantity with Perceived stress in Sama high school girl students in Guilan. Research method was correlation and statistical population was all of MoreThis research is functioned to investigate the relation between Achieved identity, Percieved child training methods and Hope quantity with Perceived stress in Sama high school girl students in Guilan. Research method was correlation and statistical population was all of the Sama high school girl students of Guilan (2348 persons).The sample group of this research were 120 girl students selected from Rasht, Bandar anzali and Lahidjan. The tools used for the research were Robinson’s Child training methods, Snyder`s Hope scale, Objective measure of ego identity status (OMEIS) and Cohen`s Perceived stress scale .For data processing, Multiple regression was used .Based on the result of research, There is a positive and relevant relation between Foreclosure identity and Perceived stress (p<0.01). The relation between Moratorium identity and perceived stress was positive and relevant (p<0.01). The relativity that exists between Diffused identity and Perceived stress is positive and relevant (p<0.01). The relationship between Achieved identity and Percieved stress is negative and relevant (p<0.01). The relation between Permissive and Authoritative scale in child training method and Percieved stress is positive and relevant (p<0.01). The relation between Authoritarian in child training method and Perceived stress is negative and relevant (p<0.01). The relation between Hope scale and Perceived stress is negative and relevant (p<0.01). Conclusion: There is a relation between Achieved identity, Perceived child training methods and Hope quantity with Perceived stress in Sama high school girl students in Guilan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
295 - Effectiveness of family-based sensory-motor games in decrease of clinical symptoms in ADHD children
Maryam Mostafavi Masod Hejazi Gholamali AfrouzThe present research is aimed at determining the effectiveness of family sensory-motor games in decrease of clinical symptoms in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This research is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and c MoreThe present research is aimed at determining the effectiveness of family sensory-motor games in decrease of clinical symptoms in children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This research is a semi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design and control group. The research population includes all the children (of 8-11 years old) in Zanjan during the academic year 2017-2018. 4 schools were selected from districts 1 and 2, Zanjan by cluster (random) sampling. 20 students were selected out of those who were affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. After homogenizing the samples in terms of age, gender, and ADHD severity, they were assigned to experiment (10 people) and control (10 people) groups. ADHD diagnosis was done based on Snap and Conners’ IV parent scale. The subjects of the experimental group participated in family sensory-motor games for 8 weeks (sixteen 90-min sessions). Collected data were analyzed through covariance analysis . The results suggested that the performed interventions have significantly decreased the clinical symptoms of ADHD children (with the affect intensity of 0.88) in Experimental group. It can be concluded that this intervention can effectively decrease the symptoms of children with ADHD. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
296 - The Effectiveness of Group Therapy of Mutual Relationship Analysis on Parent-Child Conflict of Mothers with Incompatible Scheme of Exclusion and Exclusion
Zahra Aqamirmohammadali The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy of cross-sectional analysis on parent-child conflict between mothers with incompatible rejection and exclusion schemas. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest de More The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy of cross-sectional analysis on parent-child conflict between mothers with incompatible rejection and exclusion schemas. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the study included 70 mothers who referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Qom (due to having inappropriate relationships with their children) in the spring of 2018. Thirty of them were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups according to the diagnosis of incompatible rejection and cut-off scheme and purposeful sampling (inclusion and exit criteria). . Group therapy based on interaction analysis was performed on the Experimental group for 10 sessions of 90 minutes (2 sessions per week); The control group was placed on a waiting list for two months. The parent-child relationship scale was used to collect information. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that by controlling the effect of pre- There was a significant difference, between the mean post-test scores of the experimental group and the control group in the components of the parent-child relationship, including; conflict, closeness, dependence and overall positive relationship. In other words, group therapy is effective in increasing the closeness and overall positive relationship and reducing the conflict and dependence of the parent-child relationship. Overall, it can be concluded that group interaction analysis therapy can improve the parent-child relationship in mothers with early maladaptive schemas as an effective intervention. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
297 - The effect of Rumi’s integrated didactic model training on parent-child relationships in female students
Fariba Farazi Masoumeh Esmaili Hossein Eskandari Mohammad HatamiParents and their children build new relationships with each other during adolescence. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Rumi’s integrated didactic model training on parent-child relationships. The present study was a ‎Quasi-experimental ‎resea MoreParents and their children build new relationships with each other during adolescence. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Rumi’s integrated didactic model training on parent-child relationships. The present study was a ‎Quasi-experimental ‎research with a pretest-‎posttest ‎control group design and the statistical population comprised all twelfth grade female students in Birjand technical schools in the academic year 2016-2017. Out of this population, 30 people who met the inclusion criteria were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Fine, Moreland and Schwebel Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (1983) was used to measure the dependent variable. The training program was performed in 8 sessions of 1 hour for the experimental group and the control group did not receive any intervention. The research data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results demonstrated that Rumi’s integrated didactic model training improved parent-child relationships compared to the control group (P <0.05). According to the obtained results, it can be stated that the quality of parent-child relationships improves as a result of Rumi’s integrated didactic model training. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
298 - Married stepparents with stepchild in Iranian law
Alasadat Afghah Azam Khosh Sorat MovafaghAdoption is one of the most important issues in the family. The legislator has been paying attention to this issue for years, because human childhood usually has significant effects on adulthood. In 1392 note 26 of law of the protection of orphaned and neglected c MoreAdoption is one of the most important issues in the family. The legislator has been paying attention to this issue for years, because human childhood usually has significant effects on adulthood. In 1392 note 26 of law of the protection of orphaned and neglected children state that it is permissible to marry an adopted child with a guardian if appropriate. Jurisprudently and in accordance with the initial commandments there is no prohibition on this marriage, but the above mentioned note in the terms of jurisprudence and legally has been the matter of the place of reflection for, many lawyers and experts are concerned about family issues. Because it contradicts with the general order of society and good ethic. On one hand one handone hand the lack of clarity in the concept of expediency in the legislator expression on the other hand the deteriorating of educational environment for the adoptive child due to the interplay of adaption and possible spouse relationship and being ? by this marriage and also because of the loss of stepparent mental security due to the possible suspicion, it is suggested that The legislator should revise the mentioned not in the form of secondary provisions and prohibit the marriage of the adopted children with the stepparents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
299 - Effectiveness of the Mother -Child Relationship Education on Reduce physical and emotional Child Abuse
Ahad Ahangareanzabee Sakeneh Salamat Asgar FuladeThe relationship between mother - is among the most important risk factors to be in child abuse. This study aims to find out the effect of the mother child relationship on reducing the Effectiveness of the Mother -Child Relationship Education on Reduce physi MoreThe relationship between mother - is among the most important risk factors to be in child abuse. This study aims to find out the effect of the mother child relationship on reducing the Effectiveness of the Mother -Child Relationship Education on Reduce physical and emotional Child Abuse. Study was a quasi- With pre-test and post test and the control group. A sample of 30 mothers with of 7-10 years old children between 10-7 years old who have been enrolled in the first up to forth grade in primary school were selected And They were randomly assigned to two groups (n =15, and control (n =15) The training package of improving the parent and child relationships were taught to experimental group for 10 sessions group the 10 sessions. the abuse questionnaire was distributed before and after the treatment for two groups and after the next two meetings were conducted on both groups.. collected data were analyzed by analysis of one-Way covariance.The results showed there was a significant difference between the the pre-test and post-test scores of physical and emotional abuse (P <0/05),.According to the findings, we can conclude that the training methods for improving relations between parent and child can educe physical and emotional of child abuse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
300 - Comparison of the effectiveness of parenting education based on acceptance and commitment and parenting based on positive psychology on emotion regulation, resilience and mother-child relationship in mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder
Mahboobeh Banani Naser Amini Mahmood Borjali Moloud KeykhosravaniMothers of children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder face significant challenges. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based parenting education and parenting based on positive psychology on emotion regulatio MoreMothers of children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder face significant challenges. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based parenting education and parenting based on positive psychology on emotion regulation, resilience and mother-child relationship in the statistical population of mothers with children with disabilities. Attention / hyperactivity 8 to 12 years old boy in Tehran in 1399-1400 was a quasi-experimental research method with a pre-test-post-test design with 2 expriences group and one control group. By available sampling, 45 volunteer mothers were included in the study and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The research instruments were the Graz and Roemer Emotion Difficulty Scale, the Conroy-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Pianta Mother-Child Relationship Scale, which included parenting and commitment training based on Kevin and Morrell and Seligman's Positive Psychology training. To analyze the data, descriptive indices (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariate analysis of covariance) were used in SPSS software version 22. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the parenting group based on acceptance and commitment, the parenting group based on positive psychology and the control group in the mean score of emotion regulation and mother-child relationship. But there was no significant difference in the mean resilience score, so counselors are advised to use the findings of the present study in line with clinical interventions to help better emotion regulation increase resilience and improve the quality of mother-child relationship in mothers of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
301 - Comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on parent-child conflict of female headed households
Azam Rahbarian Tayebeh Sharifi Ahmad GhazanfariThe aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on parent-child conflict of female headed households. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and MoreThe aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy on parent-child conflict of female headed households. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The statistical population included female headed households of Shahrekord. 60 women were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly assigned in three groups in 2022. Then experimental groups were treated mindfulness-based compassion therapy and positive cognitive-behavioral therapy for 8 sessions of 120 minutes. the Robin and Foster's Conflict Behavioral Questionnaire (20CBQ) was used to determine the effectiveness of the interventions and finally, the data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. The finding showed that both interventions are effective in reducing the parent-child conflict score of female headed households, and Also, positive cognitive-behavioral therapy was more effective in reducing parent-child conflict. According to the results of the research, these two intervention can be used along with other psychological interventions to improve the parent-child conflicts of female headed households. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
302 - Family structure in the Qur'an and hadith with emphasis on the parent-child relationship
Mohammad NasehiFamily sociologists have considered various concepts such as distribution of power, decision-making aspects, family roles, duties of members, etc. to analyze the structure of the family and define and explain its types and patterns. The present study, in the form of a d MoreFamily sociologists have considered various concepts such as distribution of power, decision-making aspects, family roles, duties of members, etc. to analyze the structure of the family and define and explain its types and patterns. The present study, in the form of a descriptive study and looking at the definitions and terms of family sociology knowledge, tries to describe and identify the family structure and its pattern by focusing on family roles and the corresponding rights and duties of the members, especially in the parent-child relationship. The study of the verses of the Holy Quran and the Hadiths of the Ahl al-Bayt (PBAH) in the earlier sources of narrations, relying on the views of earlier commentators such as Tusi and Tabrisi, defines a kind of "father-centered family" as opposed to the "Patriarchal family". Various issues such as alimony, guardianship, custody, consent, elder son status, retribution and punishment for slander, paternalism and patrilineality are important issues in the relationship between parents and children that the ruling system of each describes such a structure. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
303 - A research on the evolution and diversity of the concept of "motherhood" in society and examining its examples
Nazi Abdullah PourUpon hearing the word "mother" - and its equivalent in any language - the first thing that comes to mind is the woman who gave birth to us, but this concept has suffered many examples throughout history. Rapid changes in human society make these examples more widespread MoreUpon hearing the word "mother" - and its equivalent in any language - the first thing that comes to mind is the woman who gave birth to us, but this concept has suffered many examples throughout history. Rapid changes in human society make these examples more widespread. This article aims to investigate the evolution of the concept and examples of "motherhood" in human language and is written with a descriptive-analytical method. Due to the fact that a large percentage of human society has been subject to Abrahamic religions during the past four thousand years, in this article, while examining the role of mother in wild and primitive societies, the function of the word "mother" in the religious texts of three major religions of the Middle East. Especially Islam is examined. Examples of mothers over time include: a group of mothers and women and even tribal girls in primitive tribes, the mother goddess - with different names - the biological mother who gave birth to the child or donated her egg, the mother who conceived an embryo from the egg of another raised in her womb, the person's grandmother and female ancestors, foster mothers, adoptive and alleged mothers, wives of the Prophet, mother-in-law, mother or biological and father who has changed gender. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
304 - Predicting coronavirus anxiety in children based on positive psychological characteristics and parent-child interaction
Roshanak Aminifar Mehdi AghapourThe purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between positive psychological characteristics and parent-child interaction with children's corona anxiety. The research method was a correlation survey. The statistical population was the parents of pri MoreThe purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between positive psychological characteristics and parent-child interaction with children's corona anxiety. The research method was a correlation survey. The statistical population was the parents of primary school students in the 2nd district of Tabriz in 1399-1400. Using systematic random sampling, 380 people were selected and Rashid's Positive Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire, Pianta's Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire, and Corona Alipour's Anxiety Questionnaire were used to collect data. Multiple regression analysis showed that positive psychological characteristics and parent-child interaction can predict the changes related to children's corona anxiety. Among the predictor variables, except the pleasant life variable, other variables had a significant relationship with the anxiety caused by Corona. Also, the relationship between responsible life, meaningful life, and closeness factor was negative with anxiety caused by Corona, and the relationship between conflict and dependency factor was positive with anxiety caused by Corona. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
305 - The effectiveness of Lane Clark parenting training on reducing parent-child conflict and girls' anxiety
Hasan Gharibi Hiva Mahmoodi Kamel Abdollah NezhadThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parenting skills training girls based on the method of Lynn Clark's method in the reduction of parent-child conflict and anxiety in middle school. The method of this research was semi-experimental with pre-test an MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of parenting skills training girls based on the method of Lynn Clark's method in the reduction of parent-child conflict and anxiety in middle school. The method of this research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female students in the city of Ghorveh during the academic year of 1997-1996 (1225), which 50 students were randomly selected using cluster random sampling in two groups of 25 test and control groups. At first, a parent-child conflict and anxiety pre-test was performed from both groups. Then, the parents of the experimental group received 8 parenting education sessions based on Lynn Clark's method. After teaching parenting skills, a post-test was performed from the experimental and control groups. The data were collected through the cattle anxiety inventory questionnaire and parent-child conflict questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multi-path covariance analysis. The findings showed that parenting education skills influenced by Lynn Clark's approach to reducing parent-child conflict and anxiety in middle school girls. So we can used teach parenting skills to parents as a way to improve their relationships with their children and improve educational. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
306 - Sociological Factors of Domestic Violence towards Adolescent Female Children (case study: High schools in Ahwaz)
محمود یعقوبی دوست حلیمه عنایتThis study aimed to examine the sociological factors of domestic violence towards adolescent female children in Ahvaz. The study is a survey. The population of the research consisted of high school girl students and their parents in Ahvaz‚ from among w MoreThis study aimed to examine the sociological factors of domestic violence towards adolescent female children in Ahvaz. The study is a survey. The population of the research consisted of high school girl students and their parents in Ahvaz‚ from among whom 384 were selected as samples through multi –stage sampling technique. In this study, Four questionnaires" Childhood Trauma Questionnaire measuring instrument (Child Abuse and Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (Bernstein, 1995), Duncan’s scale of socio-economic parents (SES)‚ Russell’s social isolation UCLA)) 1976, a scale of perceived emotional support (MSPSS Zimet & et al) (1998) were used. For data analysis, statistical indicators, standard deviation, t test, and ‚ Pearson regression analysis were used. According to the study, the variable "social isolation, perceived emotional social support, socio - economic, situation and the household population have a significant relationship with domestic violence of parents toulard young female children. The results of multiple regression showed that the variable of social isolation has the most impact to predict the dependent variable. According to the research findings, this issue requires consideration of both the families and the authorities to prevent control and reduce its negative impact on society and families. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
307 - نقش سبک حل مسأله در پیش بینی سازگاری زناشوییِ مادران کودکان استثنایی
مونا کارگر محمد جواد اصغری ابراهیم آباد -
Open Access Article
308 - Investigating the relationship between use of virtual (social) networks and family cohesion among city of Naghade families
Rubabe Porjebeli Seyyede Samane RezaieThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of social networks and the social cohesion of families in Naghade. The population of the research was all family households (23706) in Naghade among whom 378 individuals chosen as a sample using C MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of social networks and the social cohesion of families in Naghade. The population of the research was all family households (23706) in Naghade among whom 378 individuals chosen as a sample using Cochran formula and multi-stage random cluster sampling method. In the present study a researcher-made questionnaire was used as a research tool. The validity and reliability was tested by alpha cronbach. Based on the results obtained, there was a reverse and significant relationship between the amount of use of virtual networks and the cohesion of the family. In examining the family cohesion, the relationship between variables of the degree of desirability of marital relationships and parent-child relationships with the amount of use of virtual networks is significant and inverse. But there was no significant correlation between the amount of use of virtual networks and the degree of desirability of family relationships. Also there was no significant difference between the type of activity in virtual networks and the integration of families. Finally, the degree of family cohesion was different in terms of educational level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
309 - The relationship between social and cultural capital and social vitality of children and young adults 12-18 under the custody of welfare centers and children and young adults under the custody of relatives
Rogaye Salamati Davood EbrahimpoorThis study examines the relationship between social and cultural capital and social vitality. The study population is12-18 years old children and adolescents (total 890) under the custody of welfare centers (90) and children under the custody of relatives (800) in Tabri MoreThis study examines the relationship between social and cultural capital and social vitality. The study population is12-18 years old children and adolescents (total 890) under the custody of welfare centers (90) and children under the custody of relatives (800) in Tabriz city. 333 people using the Cochran formula and stratified random sampling method was selected as a sample of the study. According to the concept of doing social vitality and its relation to social and cultural capital eight hypotheses proposed to be tested. To test the hypothesis, Pearson correlation, T test and linear regression were used.Results show that, there is a significant relationship between cultural and social capital and social vitality of children and adolescents under the custody of welfare centers and relatives. There was no significant relationship between age and social capital of both groups. Also, there was no difference in the amount of social capital based on gender among children under the custody of relatives; however, there is a significant difference among children under the custody of welfare centers in such a way that among boys are more than girls. There was not significant relationship between age and social vitality among children of relatives, but there is an inverse correlation among children of welfare centers. Also, there was a significant relationship between age and cultural capital among children in both groups. Finally, the reported average of social vitality of children under the custody of relatives is 39.18% and lower than the average, and social vitality of children under the custody of the Welfare centers is 24.39% average and at a low level. In other words, social vitality among children under the custody of relatives (with 15 percent difference) is higher than that of the children under the custody of Welfare centers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
310 - A comparative study of the role and function of fathers in family and satisfaction of their situation
Zahra Ghasemi Family is one of the most important institutions of society and father as important member of family has effective function in three levels of social system of family (macro, micro and middle level). This paper aims to recognize the main factors that influence f More Family is one of the most important institutions of society and father as important member of family has effective function in three levels of social system of family (macro, micro and middle level). This paper aims to recognize the main factors that influence fathers' disapproval of his role in the family. The research is descriptive and explanatory and 500 fathers living in Tehran with at least one child who are not married were interviewed. Sampling method is classification of probability and the theoretical framework of the study has been developed in three levels of median, macro and micro. Using a Durkheim, Weber and Marx theories the following variables are studied: changing in division of labor, father’s dependency to parents, changing of father’s practical tasks, generational differences between father and children, educational, age and job differences between women and men, patriarchy, the power of women. In micro sociological level, allegiance of women and the father’s assumption of his role in family are recognized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
311 - Investigating attitudes of students of Islamic Azad University (District 13) towards their differences in social values with their parents on family and marriage issues
Davood Ebrahim PoorThis research aims to understand the differences in the attitudes of students and parents about the family values and marriage from students' point of view. In this paper, survey and descriptive research methods are applied and a questionnaire is the tool of collecting MoreThis research aims to understand the differences in the attitudes of students and parents about the family values and marriage from students' point of view. In this paper, survey and descriptive research methods are applied and a questionnaire is the tool of collecting data. The population consisted of students in departments and centers of Islamic Azad University (District 13) during academic year of 2014-2015, estimated to be 96000 students. According to research results, there exists a difference between the attitude of the students and their parents about the characteristics of a good spouse, how to select spouse, the right age of marriage, the age difference between males and females in marriage, dating before marriage, the importance of parental consent for marriage, the reception of comments and advices provided by parents after marriage, the importance of parental consent for marriage, thinking on the kinds of authority in family, importance of children in the family, desired number of children and desire to visit family members after marriage. There is no difference between students and their parents in their attitudes towards an appropriate place to live after marriage, desired children gender and women employment outside the home. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
312 - Investigating the right to employment of natural children and the restrictions against it based on jurisprudence and the constitution
Maryam Saadatduorabi Seyedasgari Hoseini moghadam Abbas Mogaddari amiriOne of the fundamental rights of every person is the right to employment. This right can be examined from several perspectives. The first is the right to freely choose a job and the prohibition of forced labor. From this point of view, no one can be forced to do anythin MoreOne of the fundamental rights of every person is the right to employment. This right can be examined from several perspectives. The first is the right to freely choose a job and the prohibition of forced labor. From this point of view, no one can be forced to do anything. From another point of view, the prohibition of slavery is also part of the debate on the right to freely choose a job.Non-discrimination in the selection of workers and the workforce as a whole, as well as non-discrimination in the payment of salaries and benefits, can be examined under this right. The constitution and ordinary laws, including the labor law, have dealt with this issue, and the right to choose a job and the prohibition of any discrimination have been explicitly legislated.These rights are also recognized in international documents and mentioned in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of Civil and Political Rights. Iran has accepted both of the aforementioned documents and is considered as one of the internal and binding regulations based on Article 9 of the Civil Code.However, there are doubts about the right of natural children regarding some jobs such as judging, imam of congregation and Friday, leadership, etc. In this research, we discuss the basis of banning the employment of natural children in these occupations and its limitations.Contrary to what has been popularized, in practice, it is rarely possible to prohibit a person from working in these jobs based Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
313 - یادگیری و رشد دستور زبان فارسی در بین کودکان رده سنی مهد کودک
Farhad Tayebipour محمد جواد ریاستیهدف از انجام مطالعه کمی حاضر، پاسخگویی به چهار سوال است: نخست اینکه آیا تفاوتی بین توسعه دانش دستوری کودکان 2.6 ساله و کودکان 3.6 ساله وجود دارد. دوم اینکه آیا تفاوت معنی داری بین این دو گروه سنی از نظر میانگین طول پاره گفتار (MLU) وجود دارد. سوال سوم به رابطه بین میانگ Moreهدف از انجام مطالعه کمی حاضر، پاسخگویی به چهار سوال است: نخست اینکه آیا تفاوتی بین توسعه دانش دستوری کودکان 2.6 ساله و کودکان 3.6 ساله وجود دارد. دوم اینکه آیا تفاوت معنی داری بین این دو گروه سنی از نظر میانگین طول پاره گفتار (MLU) وجود دارد. سوال سوم به رابطه بین میانگینطولپارهگفتار کودکان و مربیان آنها می پردازد. چهارم اینکه آیا محدوده طبیعی پیشنهادی براون (1973) در فراگیری زبان فارسی مشاهده می شود. به این منظور شش نمونه زبانی مربوط به کودکان و مربیان مهد کودک در طی یک دوره زمانی شش هفته ای جمع آوری و سپس مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج مطالعه از لحاظ تفاوتهای سنی و توسعه دانش دستوری نشان داد که هیچ پاسخ قطعی یا مثبتی برای این سوال وجود ندارد. یعنی در برخی موارد تفاوت هایی مشاهده شد و در برخی موارد دیگر هیچ تفاوتی مشاهده نشد. همچنین از لحاظ میانگینطولپارهگفتار، تفاوت معنی داری بین دو گروه سنی مشاهده شد. اما هیچ تفاوت معنی داری در میانگینطولپارهگفتار بین کودکان و مربیان مشاده نشد. در نهایت مشخص شد که محدوده طبیعی پیشنهادی براون (1973) در فراگیری زبان فارسی وجود دارد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
314 - Assigning Natural Children to the Parents in Shiite Jurisprudence and Iranian Law
asalan veysi ehsan zarrokhAccording to Iranian law, rights of the natural child can not be attributed to parents. Shiite jurisprudence doesn’t assign natural children to their parents too. In this respect, the civil law and legal doctrine are discussed. The main reasons of the mattress are tra MoreAccording to Iranian law, rights of the natural child can not be attributed to parents. Shiite jurisprudence doesn’t assign natural children to their parents too. In this respect, the civil law and legal doctrine are discussed. The main reasons of the mattress are tradition and consensus. The reasons are not without difficulty. In this regard, opponents consider the nature and reality of customary lineage that is the abstract and foreign origin and the necessity of justice have the opposite opinion. Many lawyers' rule contained in Article 1167 of the Civil Code with regard to the majority of jurists have interpreted to deny parentage. However, other measures may reduce the strength of this view. Iranian lawmakers seem to not fully comply with the majority of jurists. The legislator attributed natural child to the parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
315 - Empowering Families in order to Achieve Child Bearing Targets with the Espousal addition to Condition of Matrimony
behnam ghanbarpour seyyed abolghasem naghibiIrregular control of population growth sometimes leads the country to a serious challenge. This problem has been obvious in our current society since recent decades so that Supreme Leader considers it as a kind of threat in his speech. Is childbearing a nature pertinenc MoreIrregular control of population growth sometimes leads the country to a serious challenge. This problem has been obvious in our current society since recent decades so that Supreme Leader considers it as a kind of threat in his speech. Is childbearing a nature pertinence of matrimony or something following that? The main question in this study organizes the article. The author in this bibliotheca article which is written by analytical-descriptive method believes that childbearing is beyond the nature pertinence of matrimony or something following that hence, one of the solutions for this challenge is that parents converse childbearing and the number of children after matrimony to a legal obligation by an espousal addition condition. In order to gain this purpose, simplifying marriage and promoting religious training and obtaining life facilities are inevitable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
316 - An Inquiry into the Feasibility of Maternal Exemption from the Punishment of Hadd Qazf
mansoore bokaee leyla mehrabi ali mohamadianFamous Imamiyeh jurisprudents have considered the existence of the "father-childhood" relationship as an exemption from a number of punishments and they believe that the father who accuses his child will not be punished.On the other hand, they do not regard the "mother- MoreFamous Imamiyeh jurisprudents have considered the existence of the "father-childhood" relationship as an exemption from a number of punishments and they believe that the father who accuses his child will not be punished.On the other hand, they do not regard the "mother-child" relationship as a factor in the exemption from punishment and they believe in the enforcement of the punishment of the mother if they prove the accusation. This dual assumption is reflected in Articles 259 and 260 of the Islamic Penal Code. It is well known that the existence of such discrimination in the field of criminal law requires that we re-examine the religious grounds and it helps in finding answers to some of the challenges in the problem. Therefore, the present study, considering the importance of the discussion, in a descriptive-analytical inquiry and with a problem-centered approach, has examined the opinions of jurisprudents and with the critical-analytical readings of their views has strengthened the possibility of treating of the mother like father in the exemption from the Had Qazf.The abolition of the characteristic of paternity-child relationship, the reference to the ruler's taste and the purpose of the Shari'a, the analysis of the problem in the light of the rule of justice, as well as the rule of Dara al-Hadh constitute part of the freelance writer's evidence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
317 - The Initial Protective Measures Regarding Child development in Islamic Criminal Policies
Masoud Heydari Islamic and criminal law regarding the children is not merely briefed in the panel policies. Regulating the response of manner against misdemeanor is a part of the Islamic criminal code. In Islamic criminal policy, in addition to this issue other dim More Islamic and criminal law regarding the children is not merely briefed in the panel policies. Regulating the response of manner against misdemeanor is a part of the Islamic criminal code. In Islamic criminal policy, in addition to this issue other dimensions are of concern as well. This section in Islamic criminal law involves the period of the child’s formation, that is, when the family structure is being established. Here, the child is protected by the law with respect to the three general concepts: promoting the idea of sexual desire towards regeneration by observing the law regarding marriage, regulated selection of spouse and educating and preparing the ground for the healthy family structure. It seems that in some aspects like the issue of marriage, the objective of support is rated based on the secondary comparison to the other aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
318 - Studying Differences of Child Inheritance in Iranian and English Law
Amin Javadi davoud nassiranIn the present article, with the focus on the child's inheritance and descriptive-analytical method, we tried to distinguish the approach of two legal systems of Iran. In this regard, three issues are explained in the two legal systems: the causes and barriers of inheri MoreIn the present article, with the focus on the child's inheritance and descriptive-analytical method, we tried to distinguish the approach of two legal systems of Iran. In this regard, three issues are explained in the two legal systems: the causes and barriers of inheritance, share of the child's inheritance and the inheritance status of the particular child. And it is concluded that despite the fact that in both legal systems Sanguinity and marriage are necessary for inheritance and there is a gradient pattern in the division of inheritance, but in British law, on the one hand, the barriers to inheritance are exclusive to the murder of the deceased and, on the other hand, the gradient pattern is adjusted by the rule of priority and if there are children, they do not inherit the deceased parents. Regarding the inheritance status of other child cases, it became clear that in Iranian law, the existence of a legitimate birth is necessary in order to realize the inheritance. While in UK law, by adopting specific acts, in addition to the criterion of kinship, both legitimate and illegitimate and contractual criteria have also been identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
319 - Studying the Degree of Punishment, Discretionary Correction and Discipline of Child According to Shiite Jurisprudence
Nasrollah Shameli Ehsan Aliakbari Babokani Mohsen ShakeryShiite jurisprudence does not prohibited the punishment of child in general. But due to certain circumstances, the ban is lifted. However, the preliminary sentence of child punishment is sanctity, only has some exceptions in specific circumstances. Exception of child pu MoreShiite jurisprudence does not prohibited the punishment of child in general. But due to certain circumstances, the ban is lifted. However, the preliminary sentence of child punishment is sanctity, only has some exceptions in specific circumstances. Exception of child punishment is under two general terms including discretionary correction and correction. Although most of the Islamic scholars did not separate this two general terms in the corporal punishment of children, it seems necessary in some cases to separate these two groups, because the cases, the conditions and many accessories of this two general terms are different and the separation of these two terms hasn’t any significant practical results. Moreover, since Islamic scholars haven’t argued within the issue, many of the terms and conditions including corporal punishment of children, the quality, level and the persons who have the right of punishment have not been investigated in the texts of jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
320 - A Study of the Position of Children’s Educational Rights in Islamic Jurisprudence and Civil Law
Jvad Sarkhosh somayeh NavianOne of the children’s rights is their educational right or, in other words, their right of being provided with the means of proper education. In spite of the improvements in children’s property rights and criminal laws in Iran’s constitution, there are MoreOne of the children’s rights is their educational right or, in other words, their right of being provided with the means of proper education. In spite of the improvements in children’s property rights and criminal laws in Iran’s constitution, there are still greatly-felt shortcomings in regard to children’s educational rights. For instance, lawmakers have specified no educational rights for fetus before it is actually born as a child, and considering the after-birth period, they have solely sufficed to the application of two legal articles, namely 1178 and 1104 articles, in a vague and brief way. This is as Islam, as a religion, has not only legislated special educational rights for the fetus actually in three phases of before the marriage of parents, before conception, and before the birth of the child, but also has explained several special educational rights for the after-birth period that lawmakers should include in their child protection laws. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
321 - To Study the Legitimacy of Children’s Worship From the Viewpoint of Imamieh Jurisprudence
Mohammad Mohammadzadeh Rahni Hassan FaridiTo study the legitimacy of children’s worship is one of the important question in judicial discussions and the supreme jurists declared different opinions about it. Since the children are like a fertile land which correct trainings cause their felicity and incorre MoreTo study the legitimacy of children’s worship is one of the important question in judicial discussions and the supreme jurists declared different opinions about it. Since the children are like a fertile land which correct trainings cause their felicity and incorrect cultivations cause their misfortune, thus it is necessary that the parents with respect to religious teachings be attentive to their training. One of religious teaching for the children is to introduce and incite them to worship (especially to pray). Evidently the answer to this question whether these worships are legitimate or not has effective influence in motivation of the child to perform worships. Also it is effective in showing the proper judicial feature of this problem. In this article we have proved that the children’s prayers are legal by indicating some reasons. Hence, the necessity of the worship has been removed of the children until the maturity age but its legitimacy has remained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
322 - Jurist’s Guardianship over Children without a Specific Guardian
Amir Mohajer MilaniThe present study examines vilāyat-i faqī (jurist’s guardianship) on a child without a specific guardian. Well-known jurists, assuming the absence of a father or paternal ancestor or the absence of a will by the father or paternal ancestor, consider the ruling jur MoreThe present study examines vilāyat-i faqī (jurist’s guardianship) on a child without a specific guardian. Well-known jurists, assuming the absence of a father or paternal ancestor or the absence of a will by the father or paternal ancestor, consider the ruling jurist as the exclusive guardian of such a child. This view, in addition to having no strong reasons, faces several opposing arguments. This article first examines the inclusion of the reasons of vilāyat-i faqī in the two approaches of absolute vilāyat and vilāyat regarding the affairs of hisbi, and then concludes by providing reasons from verses, narrations and historical reports that the Holy Shāri’ did not have the opinion of the jurists but only demanded that the interests of the orphan child be observed, which is a customary stance. Finally, it is stated that the emphasis on the exclusive guardianship of the jurist and diminishing the role of the customary guardian like the mother and other relatives of the child is the product of and is a matter of the rationality which stands for past and old eras, perhaps emphasizing it in today's society is not only wrong, but also it will not have the appropriate efficiency that it had long ago. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
323 - The theory of reduced liability in the light of the concept of the criminal development stipulated Article in 91 of the Islamic Penal Code 2013
Esmael Haditabar sayyed masoud heydari Pezhman ParsaPaying attention to the criminal development in addition to sexual maturity for the first time in Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code 1392 and the necessity of obtaining it in punitive and retributive crimes, as well as the development of judicial powers for the abolit MorePaying attention to the criminal development in addition to sexual maturity for the first time in Article 91 of the Islamic Penal Code 1392 and the necessity of obtaining it in punitive and retributive crimes, as well as the development of judicial powers for the abolition of punishment and retaliation is not only possible for perpetrators under 18 years of age, but also for those aged over 18. It is also possible to prove it on one hand, and on the other, eliminate the difference in the minimum age for criminality between girls and boys in crimes of inferiority and follow a system of gradual liability indicating the acceptance of relative criminal responsibility and a different and discriminatory criminal response. Children and adolescents versus adults are considered to take the steps in making the law in favor of their desires to achieve a favorable system of criminal responsibility for them. However, the use of the term "punishment" is not entirely possible in Article 91 of Criminal Code, and it does not seem correct based on the "decisions" in Article 88 of the Criminal Code. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
324 - Jurisprudential examination of the status of parentage in a natural child
Fatemeh Nasseri Mohammad Mehdi Zareei One of the important issues in the natural child is the issue of lineage, which means whether the natural child has a lineage and can have parents or not. And does he have all the effects of legitimate descent like a legitimate son. Many opinions have been raise More One of the important issues in the natural child is the issue of lineage, which means whether the natural child has a lineage and can have parents or not. And does he have all the effects of legitimate descent like a legitimate son. Many opinions have been raised on this issue, some believe that a natural child is like an illegitimate child, which has no lineage and does not join its parents, and another group believes that a natural child, although born from a forbidden relationship, belongs to the parents and all the rules of descent are established between them. In this research, we came to the conclusion that a natural child is not an illegitimate child, he is attributed to his parents, but due to the lack of marriage relationship between his parents, he only has some traces of legitimate descent; means, the sanctity of marriage, custody, guardianship, alimony; and these children do not inherit from their parents. However, the cloned child is considered a twin with the owner of the cell, and the parents of the nucleus donor are the parents of the cloned child. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
325 - Comparing the Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (Pcit), Child-Centered Mindfulness Instruction (Burdick) and Incredible Years Parents Program Instruction (Iy) on Decreased Externalizing Symptoms of First Period Elementary Students in Tabriz
anahita obalasi ali khademi majid mahmood alilou mahin etemadi niaThe purpose of this research was to determine the difference among effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), child-centered mindfulness instruction (Burdick) and incredible years' program (IY) on decreased externalizing symptoms of first period elementar MoreThe purpose of this research was to determine the difference among effectiveness of parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT), child-centered mindfulness instruction (Burdick) and incredible years' program (IY) on decreased externalizing symptoms of first period elementary students in Tabriz. Necessary data was collected in the framework of semi-experimental design of pre-test, post-test kind and follow-up with three experimental groups and one control and administration of Achenbach' child behavior questionnaire (CBCL) – parents' version. The statistical population was all the first period elementary students of Tabriz and their mothers during 2020-2021. The sample included 40 students with their mothers that 30 people were selected as experimental groups and 10 people as control group through volunteer method and based on inclusion criteria. After holding treatment periods (parent-child interaction therapy, child-centered mindfulness and incredible years (IY) during three months and data analysis by mixed variance analysis, the results showed that treatment methods of parent-child interaction, child-centered mindfulness and incredible years' program (IY) were effective on decreased scores of externalizing behaviors of the students since pre-test session till follow-up session. the results of Bonferoni's test showed that the method parent-child interaction is more effective than the treatment method of child-centered mindfulness on decreased externalizing symptoms of the students. Also, the program of incredible years was more effective than child-centered mindfulness treatment on decreased externalizing symptoms of the students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
326 - The effectiveness of chess training on the development of spatial visualization intelligence and creativity of preschool children
soheila hossainpour zainab BahramiThe current research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of chess education in developing spatial visualization intelligence and creativity of preschool children in Helilan city. The research method in this research was a semi-experimental resear MoreThe current research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of chess education in developing spatial visualization intelligence and creativity of preschool children in Helilan city. The research method in this research was a semi-experimental research method of pre-test-post-test type with a control group in terms of practical purpose and in terms of the nature and method of data collection. The statistical population included all preschool children of Helilan city in the number of 842 people, 40 people were selected based on the available sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of 20 people, control and experimental, the experimental group received the chess educational package for children. He received the duration of 12 sessions consecutively and three sessions a week for 45 minutes. Nd. But the control group did not receive any special training. In this research, two standard questionnaires were used for data collection: Torrance Visual Creativity Test (Form B) and Raven Children's Test (1938). In order to analyze the data, two levels of descriptive statistics (prevalence, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Shapiro test, Lone test, covariance analysis test) were performed in spss software. The results of the findings showed that chess training has an effect on the development of spatial visualization intelligence (F=307.23 and P<.001) and creativity (F=712.45 and P<.001) of preschool children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
327 - The Relationship between Child-Rearing Practices and Academic achievement of Guidance School Students of Ilkhechi
Mansoor Bayrami Jafar Bahadori KhosroshahiFamily is the first basis and origin of personality and thinking values, which plays an important role in determining the future life style of the person. In this case, the maintenance of positive relationship between parents and their children causes their academic ach MoreFamily is the first basis and origin of personality and thinking values, which plays an important role in determining the future life style of the person. In this case, the maintenance of positive relationship between parents and their children causes their academic achievement motive.The present study was conducted with a survey correlation research method. The statistical population included all the third graders in Ilkhechi guidance schools. Using morgan table 200 students (100 male & 100 female) were selected as sample size. The method of sampling was random sampling. To collect the data, Baumrind parenting style questionnaire was used. Furthermore, the students, final examination scores were applied as an indicator of academic achievement. The results were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and a multiple regression model. `Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between academic achievement and authoritative child-rearing style. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that academic achievement has a significant negative correlation with permissive and authoritarian styles. Finally, the stepwise regression analysis suggested that the authoritative child-rearing practice is the strong predictor of academic achievement. Therefore, due to the importance of the parenting styles in the academic achievement of the students, instructing the parents about the parenting practices of the adolescents can result in the academic success of their children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
328 - The Assessment of the Lived Experiences of Teachers and Students about the Role of the Ripple Effect of Leader Children in the Classroom
Mina Kam Far Mostafa SheikhzadehThe ripple effect of leader childern refers to the transfer of energy from these children to other children, which leads to change in them. The aim of study was to assess the lived experiences of teachers and students about the ripple effect of leader children on other MoreThe ripple effect of leader childern refers to the transfer of energy from these children to other children, which leads to change in them. The aim of study was to assess the lived experiences of teachers and students about the ripple effect of leader children on other students. It was a qualitative study with phenomenological method. The purposeful sampling was carried out to choose six teachers within the age range of 28 to 54 and teaching experience of 6 to 35 years, and 15 fifth grade primary school students in the district 1 of Urmia. The instrument used was semi-structured interviews. The data was analyzed using the seven - srage Colaizzi method. The main themes were extracted through interviews and compared. The primary themes were exploring the characteristis of leader childeren and effecting factors, and in the next stages the following themed were found: arrogant self-confidence, sense of responsibility, ability to plan, creativity, relibility, obedience and empathy. According to the concepts extracted from the lived experience of teachers and students, it can be concluded that leader childeren dominate the hearts, are living, creative, and idealistic, movtivate others and give them incentives toward the target. Since other students find their hidden ideas and feelings in them, they try to willingly obey these leader children. Therefore, it seems possible to use this effect of leader childeren on other children in order to improve education and help teachers solve educational problems at school. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
329 - A comparison of children's behavior problems among mothers with high and low emotional intelligence
Romina Golchin Seyyed Davoud Hosseini-NasabThis study aimed at comparing children's behavioral problems among mothers with high and low emotional intelligence. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population included 386 elementary students' mothers out of which 200 mothers (100 with high MoreThis study aimed at comparing children's behavioral problems among mothers with high and low emotional intelligence. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population included 386 elementary students' mothers out of which 200 mothers (100 with high and 100 with low emotional intelligence) among 30 to 45 years old selected as the sample size. The sampling method was criterion sampling. To gather the data, two measures were used, namely Quay and Peterson revised behavioral problems checklist (RBPC), and sheering emotional intelligence questionnaire. To analyses the data the independent t-test was used. Results of the independent t-test demonstrated that the mean behavioral problems (conduct disorder, social aggression, attention-immaturity problems, anxiety-withdrawal) in students with high emotional intelligence mother were lower than students with low emotional intelligence mother (p<0.01). Girls scores in behavioral problems (conduct disorder, social aggression, attention-immaturity problems, withdrawal) were less than that of the boys (p<0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
330 - The Effectiveness of the Computer Games On Children's Problem-Solving Ability
Maryam Taghavi Jelodar Mahyar HamiThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of computer games on problem-solving ability. To do so, semi-experimental design pretest-posttest control group was used. The statistical society of the study, were all third and fourth grade students in the city of Babol MoreThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of computer games on problem-solving ability. To do so, semi-experimental design pretest-posttest control group was used. The statistical society of the study, were all third and fourth grade students in the city of Babol. In order to select the sample, two boy schools were randomly selected and then between students of the two schools, 40 of the third and fourth grade students were randomly divided into four groups of 10-person action computer games, strategic computer games, educational computer games and the control group. The results of Analysis of Covariance showed that although there was no significant difference in pre-test problem-solving ability in four groups, after adjusting for pre-test and post-test there were significant differences between the four groups (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
331 - A comparison of child rearing method and affective climate of a family a child suffering from free floating anxiety and those without anxiety
Prissa Rahmani Naeimeh mohebbThe objective of the study is to compare the child rearing methods and affective climate of a family having a child suffering from free floating anxiety and those without anxiety in preschool level. Multistage random sampling was used to select 200 preschool children ou MoreThe objective of the study is to compare the child rearing methods and affective climate of a family having a child suffering from free floating anxiety and those without anxiety in preschool level. Multistage random sampling was used to select 200 preschool children out of which 102 child had free floating anxiety and the remained 98 child had no anxiety. The hypotheses were about two groups of healthy and anxious children who were examined against their parents’ child rearing styles (despotically, easy going and authoritatively), the affevtive climate, as well, to find the differences among them. To gather the data three kinds of questionnaire were used, namely (child symptom Inventory (CSI)), Affective climate inventory and child vearing inveventory. The results confirmed all the hypotheses and were along the previous researches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
332 - Relationship between perceived parenting practices and maternal-paternal trait anxiety with young adults' anxiety
Khalil Esmaeilpour Leili JamilThe purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived parenting practices and maternal-paternal trait anxiety with young adults' anxiety. To do so, 100 (50 female and 50 male) local students of Tabriz Public, and Azad Universities were selec MoreThe purpose of present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived parenting practices and maternal-paternal trait anxiety with young adults' anxiety. To do so, 100 (50 female and 50 male) local students of Tabriz Public, and Azad Universities were selected through volunteer sampling. Since parents were needed to fill questionnaires, the sample was selected among local students. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spiel Berger, Gorsuch and Lushene, 1970) was used to measure parents and children's trait anxiety, and Children's Report of Parenting Behavior Inventory (CRPBI; Schaefer, 1965) was used for assessing children's perceptions of parenting practices. Data were analyzed through correlation and multiple regression methods. The results showed that there was positive, significant relationship between parents and children's anxiety. Also there was significant relationship between children's perceptions of parenting practices and offspring's anxiety, so that children's perception of accepting and over-controlling parenting, respectively, had negative and positive relationships with children's anxiety. Based on the results, it was concluded that parents with high anxiety and children's perception of parenting practices have incredible role in children's trait anxiety. Therefore, by training appropriate parenting practices to parents and reducing parents' anxiety the offspring's anxiety and its harmful traces could be reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
333 - The Effect of Programming Training via Scratch Software on Student Problem Solving Skill
Somaye Razban Saeed Shahhosseini Mohsen BagheriThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of learning curriculum using Scratch software on problem-solving skills of primary school students in Farahan city in the academic year of 2012. The Scratch software helps children learn programming principles whil MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of learning curriculum using Scratch software on problem-solving skills of primary school students in Farahan city in the academic year of 2012. The Scratch software helps children learn programming principles while designing games or interactive stories. This research is of a practical nature and the criterion for collecting information is semi-experimental method. was selected from one of the girls' primary schools in Farahan city and randomly one of the classes was considered as the experimental group and the other was considered as the control group. The sample consisted of 34 primary school students, 17 in the experimental group and 17 in the control group. The instruments used in this research are Heppner problem solving questionnaires, which were used as pre-test and post-test. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency and mean and inferential statistics for covariance analysis. The findings of the analysis showed that the difference between the control and control groups was statistically significant at the level of 0.05 and with a confidence level of 0.95. The results showed that programming skills with Scratch software had a significant effect on student problem solving skills. During the course, students actively engaged in solving various problems in the Scratch software, and inevitably, to solve these issues, they had to analyze the problem and test different solutions, involving students with this Challenges have improved their problem-solving skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
334 - Tourism Productivity by Attracting Children’s Market: The Role of Children in Decision Making
Mehdi Karoubi Mahmood Ziaee Zohre Mohammadi Tourism productivity relies heavily on social and economic improvement. Children have largely been ignored as beneficiaries of tourism who can play a highly influential role. Existing research had failed to considered children as active agents who can impact thei More Tourism productivity relies heavily on social and economic improvement. Children have largely been ignored as beneficiaries of tourism who can play a highly influential role. Existing research had failed to considered children as active agents who can impact their lives and environments. The purpose of the current study was thus to address the existing research gap and qualitatively investigate children's perceptions of the trips they had experienced and to explore whether their decision making and the consequences of their leisure behaviors might play any ameliorating role in economic recovery. The research sample comprised 96 children within the age range of 9 -12 years old who had been selected based on gender and socioeconomic status, as the moderator variables, to take part in semi-structured interviews to narrate their memories. The recorded memories were further thematically analyzed. Exploration of their best trips revealed that novelty/entertainment, nature, and social relationships were perceived to be the major merits which stimulated emotional loyalty and the desire to return to the place. Emotional loyalty was observed to be stronger among males and middle socioeconomic class. Moreover, the findings supported the important role children can play in decision making and impacting the family’s selection of future tourist destinations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
335 - بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی مؤثر بر گرایش به فرزندآوری در شهر اندیمشک با تأکید برسبک زندگی (مطالعه موردی زنان متأهل کمتر از 35 سال)
اسحق ارجمند ناهید برومندهدف از این پژوهش بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی مؤثر بر گرایش به فرزندآوری در شهر اندیمشک میباشد. دیدگاههای نوگرایی، بوردیو و گیدنز به عنوان چارچوب نظری انتخاب شدند. روش تحقیق، پیمایشی و واحد تحلیل زنان متأهل کمتر از 35 سال و سطح تحلیل، خرد است. شیوه نمونهگیری، خوشهای Moreهدف از این پژوهش بررسی عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی مؤثر بر گرایش به فرزندآوری در شهر اندیمشک میباشد. دیدگاههای نوگرایی، بوردیو و گیدنز به عنوان چارچوب نظری انتخاب شدند. روش تحقیق، پیمایشی و واحد تحلیل زنان متأهل کمتر از 35 سال و سطح تحلیل، خرد است. شیوه نمونهگیری، خوشهای چندمرحلهای و تصادفی ساده است و حجم نمونه طبق فرمول کوکران 240 نفر میباشد. ابزارگردآوری داده‏ها، پرسشنامه است. روش تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها، ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن، پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره و از نرمافزار SPSS استفاده شده است. از اعتبار صوری جهت سنجش اعتبار(روایی) استفاده شد و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ (اعتماد یا پایایی) سبک زندگی و گرایش به فرزندآوری به ترتیب برابر با 711/0 و 714/0 است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که بین ترجیح جنسی و گرایش به فرزندآوری رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. بین پیروی از سنت­ها، میزان تحصیلات، سبک زندگی و پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی با گرایش به فرزندآوری زنان رابطه منفی و معناداری وجود دارد. اما بین مؤلفههای سبک زندگی(اوقات فراغت، مصرف کالای فرهنگی و مدیریت بدن) با گرایش به فرزندآوری زنان رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد. تحلیل رگرسیونی نشان میدهد که 3/17 درصد از تغییرات میزان گرایش به فرزندآوری زنان به متغیرهای مستقل(سبک زندگی، پایگاه اقتصادی اجتماعی، ترجیح جنسی و پیروی از سنت­ها) مربوط میشود و متغیرهای ترجیح جنسی و پیروی از سنت­ها تأثیر بیشتری در میزان فرزندآوری دارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
336 - مقایسه نگرش افراد مطلقه و متأهل پیرامون نقش ماهواره در انسجام خانواده
محمدرضا مزیدی محمودرضا مرتضوی علیرضا افشانیبا توجه به نقش رسانهها در عرصههای مختلف اجتماعی، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و مقایسه نگرش افراد متأهل و مطلقه به نقش برنامههای ماهوارهای فارسی زبان در انسجام خانواده در شهر یزد پرداخته است. در تحقیق حاضر از روش پیمایش استفاده شده است. این پژوهش به لحاظ معیار زمان، مقطعی، ب Moreبا توجه به نقش رسانهها در عرصههای مختلف اجتماعی، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و مقایسه نگرش افراد متأهل و مطلقه به نقش برنامههای ماهوارهای فارسی زبان در انسجام خانواده در شهر یزد پرداخته است. در تحقیق حاضر از روش پیمایش استفاده شده است. این پژوهش به لحاظ معیار زمان، مقطعی، به لحاظ ماهیت، کاربردی و به لحاظ معیار وسعت، پهنانگر است. جامعه آماری این تحقیق، افراد مطلقه و متأهل شهر یزد میباشد که حجم نمونه با استفاده از فرمول کوکران برای افراد مطلقه 211 نفر و برای افراد متأهل، 323 نفر تعیین گردید. افراد مطلقه به شیوه نمونهگیری تصادفی از لیست موجود در مرکز بهزیستی و افراد متاهل نیز بصورت خوشهای از مناطق مختلف سطح شهر یزد انتخاب شدهاند. ابزار مورد استفاده در این پژوهش، پرسشنامه بوده است که اعتبار آن به صورت محتوایی و سازهای و پایایی آن با ضریب آلفای کرونباخ به دست آمده است. در مجموع نزدیک به دو سوم پاسخگویان، بیشترین شبکه مورد تماشای خود را کانالهای فارسیزبان با موضوعات خانوادگی اعلام نمودهاند. همچنین میانگین میزان تأثیر منفی، شبکههای ماهوارهای بر انسجام خانواده از نظر نمونه آماری این تحقیق بیشتر از متوسط است ضمن اینکه افراد مطلقه و افرادی که ماهواره استفاده نمیکردند نگرش منفیتری نسبت به تأثیر ماهواره بر انسجام خانواده داشتند. هرچه پاسخگو بیشتر از شبکههای ماهوارهای فارسی زبان استفاده میکرد میزان تأثیر منفی ماهواره بر روابط زناشویی، روابط والدین و فرزندان، مناسبات خانوادگی و انسجام خانواده را کمتر ارزیابی میکرد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
337 - چالشهای اقتصادی- اجتماعی جوانان و ایدهآلهای خانواده (مطالعه موردی افراد 29- 15 ساله شهر سنندج)
حسین محمدزاده سعید خانیجوانان ایران هماکنون حدود یک سوم از کل جمعیت را تشکیل میدهند. ایدهآلها و رفتارهای جمعیتی این بخش از جمعیت، نقش مهمی در پدیدهها و نهایتاً معادلات جمعیتی جامعه دارد. مطالعه حاضر، برخی از چالشهای اقتصادی- اجتماعی و دلالتهای آن برای ایدهآلهای ازدواج و فرزندآوری را Moreجوانان ایران هماکنون حدود یک سوم از کل جمعیت را تشکیل میدهند. ایدهآلها و رفتارهای جمعیتی این بخش از جمعیت، نقش مهمی در پدیدهها و نهایتاً معادلات جمعیتی جامعه دارد. مطالعه حاضر، برخی از چالشهای اقتصادی- اجتماعی و دلالتهای آن برای ایدهآلهای ازدواج و فرزندآوری را در میان جوانان شهر سنندج بررسی کرده است. دادههای تحقیق منبعث از پیمایشی است که با تکنیک پرسشنامه و منطبق با سؤالات سازمان ملّی جوانان در مورد ارزشها و نگرشهای این قشر در زمستان 1392 و از 240 نفر جوان 29- 15 ساله جمعآوری شده است. تحلیل اطلاعات مرتبط با موضوع گویای این است که اشتغال، مسائل مالی- اقتصادی، تحصیلات، ازدواج و فقدان چشمانداز روشن درباره آینده به ترتیب از مهمترین چالشهای جوانان حوزه مورد مطالعه به شمار میرود. البته، این چالشها برحسب زمینههای جمعیتی افراد متفاوت بوده وبر ایدهآلهای ازدواج و فرزندآوری آنان نیز اثرگذار میباشند. همچنین، جوانان اهمیت زیادی برای دولتدر حل مسائل خود قائل شده و در این راستا، پیشنهادشده است که دولت و سایر سازمانهای دخیل در امور جوانان به صورت مبرمدر رفع مسائل و توجه و اهتمام بیشتر به این قشر عظیم و نیروی ارزشمند جامعه گام بردارند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
338 - بررسی آسیبشناختی طلاق عاطفی از دید زنان(20 تا 39 ساله) و پیامدهای آن بر فرزندان ساکن در شهرک بعثت شهرستان ماهشهر
اسحق ارجمند ندا پیرامونهدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی آسیب شناختی طلاق عاطفی از دید زنان و پیامدهای آن بر فرزندان ساکن در شهرک بعثت شهرستان ماهشهر میباشد. این پژوهش یک بررسی پیمایشی است که از نظر وسعت پهنانگر میباشد. جامعه آماری آن کلیه زنان ساکن در شهرک بعثت ماهشهر هستند و حجم نمونه مقتضی بر اس Moreهدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی آسیب شناختی طلاق عاطفی از دید زنان و پیامدهای آن بر فرزندان ساکن در شهرک بعثت شهرستان ماهشهر میباشد. این پژوهش یک بررسی پیمایشی است که از نظر وسعت پهنانگر میباشد. جامعه آماری آن کلیه زنان ساکن در شهرک بعثت ماهشهر هستند و حجم نمونه مقتضی بر اساس فورمول کوکران، 341 نفر تعیین شده است. ابزار این پژوهش پرسشنامه میباشد و از سه پرسشنامه محقق ساخته طلاق عاطفی و پرسشنامه افسردگی بک و پرسشنامه افسردگی کودکان تهیه شده است بهطوری که پرسشنامه طراحی شده با روایی سازههای مناسب (طبق ضریب آلفای کرونباخ) و اعتبار پژوهش از نوع صوری بوده است و بر حسب نسبت بین زنان این شهرک توزیع شده است. در این پژوهش با استفاده از نرم-افزار SPSS21 به تجزیه تحلیل اطلاعات پرداخته شد. نتایج نشان میدهد که طلاق عاطفی و پیامدهای آن بر فرزندان رابطه مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین بین طلاق عاطفی با بزهکاری فرزندان، افسردگی فرزندان و تعداد فرزندان همبستگی مثبت و معناداری مشاهده شده است اما رابطه بین طلاق عاطفی و میزان تحصیلات منفی میباشد. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
339 - Designing a social and educational form and environment for child labor in Tehran’s 22 district
Afshin Ghorbani param -
Open Access Article
340 - The Study of Social Factors Affecting the Tendency towards Childbearing among Young Women in Mazandaran Province
Majedeh Gholipour Khadijeh Ghazzani -
Open Access Article
341 - ارتباط بین سبک های دل بستگی و شادی در بین جوانان
مریم فولاد جمال صادقی علی رحمانی فیروزجاه -
Open Access Article
342 - The Effect of Young Mothers’ Social Classes on First Language Acquisition
Saeedeh Mansouri -
Open Access Article
343 - An Analytical Investigation of the Impact of Social and Cultural Factors on the Modeling of Western Patterns in Isfahan City from the Perspective of Victims and Providing Solutions to Coping )Presentation of Cultural Engineering Model(
Marziyeh Mokhtaripour -
Open Access Article
344 - Structural Analysis and Comparison the Physical Architecture of Educational Spaces for Children, the case study: Amsterdam Center for Homeless Children and Isfahan Autism Garden
Moein Khamse Ashari Seyedeh Marzieh TabaeianAbstractThis article attempts to compare and analyze two examples of Child Care locations to create an effective step towards improving the status of unaccompanied children and children with autism by finding the right answer. Analysis and comparison have a structural i MoreAbstractThis article attempts to compare and analyze two examples of Child Care locations to create an effective step towards improving the status of unaccompanied children and children with autism by finding the right answer. Analysis and comparison have a structural impact and provide clearer answers to identify and address the needs of children who are impaired for some reason. The aim of this study is to find the same answer as a result of comparing two projects implemented in this field. As a result of the background and theoretical foundations, it is inferred that space flexibility is one of the main design factors for children. It is also necessary to use the right and diverse volumes in simplicity and intricacy, the right decorations for the child and the dynamics of the plan. In addition to all these things what is important before designing and starting research is knowing the child and his characteristics and ultimately the unaccompanied child and autism. This research has been done in a fundamental way with a qualitative nature and a descriptive _analytic method and a comparative approach. Library and field methods have been used to collect basic information, Then two case examples are evaluated and compared . To examine the samples, the indicators were first determined for comparison, and according to the description, the examination of the spaces in both samples was considered taking into account the research topic. After evaluating all the points the principles of architectural design common components and distinctions and the positive and negative points of each building were analyzed. The positive and negative points in the findings section were analytically compared to be identified in the Amsterdam unaccompanied child care center and the Isfahan autism garden.Conflict of intrest: None declared.This article attempts to compare and analyze two examples of Child Care locations to create an effective step towards improving the status of unaccompanied children and children with autism by finding the right answer. Analysis and comparison have a structural impact and provide clearer answers to identify and address the needs of children who are impaired for some reason. The aim of this study is to find the same answer as a result of comparing two projects implemented in this field. As a result of the background and theoretical foundations, it is inferred that space flexibility is one of the main design factors for children. It is also necessary to use the right and diverse volumes in simplicity and intricacy, the right decorations for the child and the dynamics of the plan. In addition to all these things what is important before designing and starting research is knowing the child and his characteristics and ultimately the unaccompanied child and autism. This research has been done in a fundamental way with a qualitative nature and a descriptive _analytic method and a comparative approach. Library and field methods have been used to collect basic information, Then two case examples are evaluated and compared . To examine the samples, the indicators were first determined for comparison Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
345 - Evaluation study of the principles of Pirnia with Maria Montessori in year-old recognizing the quality of game space for children from 2 to 6
Hirad Hosseinian Sara KalantarThroughout the history of early childhood education , various popular patterns and approaches have emerged that are still popular. The Montessori curriculum model is one of these models that is being used in our country . The purpose of this article is to examine the ph MoreThroughout the history of early childhood education , various popular patterns and approaches have emerged that are still popular. The Montessori curriculum model is one of these models that is being used in our country . The purpose of this article is to examine the philosophical foundations of this model , and to analyze the nature of learning arising from it. For this purpose , using the regressive philosophical analytical method in the form of inferential approach , some philosophical foundations of this model were inferred and developed . These elements include ; holistic view of existence and the child and the need for holistic education, the child's individual and social aspects and emphasis on both aspects in education, the existence of spontaneous force within the child in the development path , attention to the child' s desires and the need to reveal his inner capacities , emphasis on different stages of development and provision of learning experiences tailored to the requirements of each stage , the child's freedom as a key element throughout the education process, the relative compatibility of the Montessori educational approach with the constructivist approach , providing a favorable learning environment in cooperation with nature. Then , using descriptive-analytical method , it became clear that the nature of learning in this model is similar to the findings of new research on learning that is based on competence , agency , multiple childhood and priority of children's lived experience. Toys are with the child from the birth , so that the ability of distinguishing tissues for children leads to increase information and its conformity to their surroundings. In this way, using of the child’ s sense and stimulating them , evokes the significant factors in direction of proper using from the quality of the game space. In this way and from the point of view of the Iranian culture and principle of the Iranian architecture and with using these senses , it can lead to intimacy and understanding the environment in a simple format. The individuality of the human beings has been considered in such a way that this word can lead to the understanding environmental culture for its audience. Therefore , we first tried to analyze and describe variables between principles of the Iranian architecture with theories of Maria Montessori , with an interpretive approach and consequential reasoning and understanding primary concepts in order to answer this question : “ how can find out the criteria to recognize the quality of game space for children from 2 to 6-year-old through matching Pirnia’s intellectual principles and theories of Maria Montessori? " By answering this question , the impact of the quality of the game space based on the Iranian architecture can be achieved and it is possible to boost sense of the children in the age of 2 to 6 -year -old through understanding of their surroundings , which requires a correct knowledge of the roots of Iranian architecture with education system of theorizing such as Montessori . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
346 - Architecture Education, Development of Intellectual and Cognitive skills of Preschool Children
Anahita Eskandari Fahimeh Motazedian Ahmad Mirza Kouchak KhoshnevisExtended Abstract Introduction: Education is the cornerstone upon which individual growth and societal progress are built. Its multifaceted nature extends beyond the mere transfer of knowledge, encompassing cognitive, social, and emotional development. Yet, within th MoreExtended Abstract Introduction: Education is the cornerstone upon which individual growth and societal progress are built. Its multifaceted nature extends beyond the mere transfer of knowledge, encompassing cognitive, social, and emotional development. Yet, within this expansive landscape, the integration of architectural education into early learning stands as an often overlooked but potent catalyst for transformation. This study endeavors to delve into the nuanced implications of introducing architectural concepts to preschoolers, recognizing and emphasizing their profound impact on cognitive and intellectual development during the critical formative years. Architectural education, typically associated with advanced learning stages, extends far beyond teaching design principles or spatial awareness. Its introduction in early childhood settings is poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the cognitive framework of young minds. Understanding the depth and breadth of how architectural education influences the developmental trajectory of preschoolers holds promise for redefining educational paradigms. Methodology: The methodology adopted in this study was meticulously designed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of architectural education on the cognitive development of preschoolers. From a vast national pool of 30,000 educational centers, a meticulously chosen sample of 384 preschoolers underwent stringent selection using a combination of robust methods, including the Morgan, Kersey, and Cochran techniques. Each classroom, representing diverse demographics and learning styles, actively participated in a meticulously structured study. This carefully curated sample was methodically divided into a control group and a test group. Before the commencement of the study, both groups underwent comprehensive initial assessments, ensuring a clear baseline understanding. Subsequently, the test group received dedicated architectural training, while the control group followed the standard preschool curriculum. Furthermore, the study involved in-depth face-to-face interviews employing a mosaic method, allowing for a nuanced understanding of the diverse learning styles and individual responses exhibited by these young learners. Results: The empirical findings from this exhaustive study present compelling evidence supporting a robust correlation between architectural education and the enhancement of critical cognitive skills among preschoolers. Noteworthy advancements were discerned across a spectrum of cognitive domains: heightened spatial recognition (P Value= 0.0325, F= 6.14), amplified visualization capabilities (P Value= 0.0269, F= 6.3), adeptness in spatial reconstruction (P Value= 0.0017, F= 21.307), improved orientation skills (P Value= 0.00001, F= 51.822), enhanced comprehension (P Value= 0.004, F= 14.77), and a notable surge in problem-solving aptitude (P Value= 0.039, F= 5.17) among preschoolers exposed to architectural education. Conclusion: This research illuminates the pivotal role of architectural education as a transformative force that transcends conventional paradigms of knowledge dissemination. It emerges as a catalyst profoundly shaping the cognitive landscape during the crucial formative developmental years. The exposure to architectural concepts goes beyond imparting factual information; it fosters foundational comprehension and a nuanced understanding of spatial relationships. Furthermore, it ignites creative problem-solving abilities and cultivates holistic cognitive development, providing a robust groundwork for future educational endeavors and lifelong learning. Moreover, the implications of this study extend far beyond immediate educational contexts. They underscore the pressing need for the integration of interdisciplinary approaches in early childhood education. By integrating architectural education at the preschool level, educational systems can better nurture adaptable, innovative thinkers equipped to navigate and thrive in an increasingly dynamic and innovation-driven global landscape. Keywords: Architectural Education, Preschool Children, Intellectual Skills, Cognitive Skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
347 - Analyzing the role of perceptual-cognitive factors on children's behavioral patterns with emphasis on emotional intelligence Case study: Sajjad neighborhood of Mashhad
shima abedi toktam haneeAccording to the experts of psychology and sociology, childhood is very important in the personality development and social health of people in the society. In urban environments and public spaces, they can provide a suitable platform for the growth and development of c MoreAccording to the experts of psychology and sociology, childhood is very important in the personality development and social health of people in the society. In urban environments and public spaces, they can provide a suitable platform for the growth and development of children. One of the structural pillars in the model of sustainable neighborhoods is the existence of active and lively public spaces that can provide a suitable platform for the presence, activity and social interaction of children (as a part of society). Such spaces can promote sustainable shopping in the neighborhood, and the social growth and maturity of the children present there.Children and teenagers, as members of society with a set of specific demands and needs, are users of the artificial environment. Urban spaces play a unique role in meeting the social and individual needs of city children. These spaces occupy a major part of the time and environment of the daily life of residents, including children, and from the perspective of human sciences engineering, improving the quality of these spaces can be effective in the health and growth of physical strength, strengthening social interactions and fostering creativity in children. Children want to be social and to be in touch with their peers and society. Also, they like to spend their time in natural environments and be active. Therefore, the facilities should be available to children and provide them with the possibility of pursuing a safe urban environment (Ismailizadeh Kowaki, 2013). As children's independent mobility in urban environments continues to decline, children are increasingly removed from all realms of city life. These exercises are used as a basic intervention in the urban environment to ensure children's independent mobility and familiarity with the environment (Segal, 2015).Purpose :According to children's cognitive abilities in urban space, which includes perception, perception and behavior, the combination of emotional intelligence and path learning behavior in urban spaces for children is the basis for paying attention to important values such as information processing, decision making and execution. This study deals with the effect of the role of perceptual-cognitive factors on children's behavioral patterns with emphasis on emotional intelligence in Sajjad neighborhood.Method :The research method in the present study is descriptive-analytical and in this regard, in order to collect data from field observations, questionnaire, site visit is used. In this study, a statistical population of 1310 people was completed by 298 children aged 10-14 years. After data collection, the collected questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software. Test method and analysis of analysis hypotheses were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, correlation coefficient between two variables, Leven test and Anova analysis of variance were analyzed. Cronbach's alpha. The results of the 0.837 questionnaireFindings: In the findings of the quantitative analysis, it seems that there is a direct relationship between children's learning path and age in emotional intelligence. The age group of 12-14 years has higher self-confidence in the occurrence of path learning behavior in the environment. This group has higher self-awareness than the age group of 10-12. The higher the children's emotional intelligence, the easier it is to wayfinding in urban spaces. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
348 - Investigating the influencing factors of Outdoor Spaces of Residential Complexes in the Promotion of Children's Creativity (Case Study: Sepidar Orumiyeh Residential Complex)
Abbas SedaghatiNowadays,along with the constant,rapid development of towns and cities which lack desirable urban spaces,the adaptation of residential complexes and their public spaces with the required needs of the inhabitants,has come to be one of the major priorities of the experts MoreNowadays,along with the constant,rapid development of towns and cities which lack desirable urban spaces,the adaptation of residential complexes and their public spaces with the required needs of the inhabitants,has come to be one of the major priorities of the experts in the realm of architecture and other related fields of study.One of these public spaces to appraise, are the outdoors spaces situated within the residential complexes in which most of the time and daily life of the children (subjects under study) are allotted around.Unfortunately,the designing of such spaces are not as seriously attempted and implemented as the designing of the closed spaces.Although,there is much to talk about this negligence, on the other hand,in terms of engineering human factors, quality promotion of such spaces can play a significant and effective role in promoting health and the growth of somatic forces,enhancing social interactions,and even in education and development of creativity in children and adolescents.The current study endeavors to determine the effect of the open spaces of residential complexes in the development of creativity in children, and in line with this purpose, with the help of a survey-based descriptive method, some of the factors affecting the development of creativity in children which must be taken into consideration in the designing of public complexes are presented.Considering these factors in the designing of the spaces,can contribute to the enhancement of spatial quality of the mentioned complexes and also, can provide an opportunity to develop and exalt creativity in children who are definitely the most precious factor in making our demanding future. The statistical population of the research includes the residents of Sepidar residential complex in Urmia and structural equations with SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. It is claimed that the enhancement of creativity in children,do not only occur through educational programs, but also flexible spaces in which some items of natural elements such as water, sand, light, etc., exist in the context, can lead to this promotion.The creation of vegetation,utilizing a variety of colors, exposing children to the space for active involvement, teamwork, etc.play a crucial role in stimulating the sense of curiosity and ultimately the promotion of creativity in the mentioned sample population. Regarding purpose,the current research is applied in nature in one hand, and on the other hand library techniques and field study techniques such as survey have been utilized for a better understanding of the variables under scrutiny. It is claimed that the current study is a descriptive, survey-based approach in terms of the data analysis procedure. Following an investigation of the experts’ opinions about children and the practical ways of improving their creativity, the researcher made use of field observation for children’s behavior in the open spaces and provided adaptable questionnaire for children and their parents. And ultimately some criteria and principles are suggested to promote the quality of the open spaces in residential complexes to empower the designers to boost creativity in children. To reach this goal, the main scope of the research include landscaping, the psychology of creativity and child’s growth. The component of children's participation is the most effective in developing children's creativity. And then the flexibility of space, sense of security, natural elements, gender and color have been the most effective components in the growth and development of children's creativity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
349 - Child-Friendly Cities From the perspective of children(Case Study: Department of Education Area 1 Ardebil)
بهرام ایمانی کلثوم یارمحمدی کبری یارمحمدیChild-friendly city is a city where the wants and needs of children is important to designers and urban planners. Among the features of the city with regard to children's rights and their opinions. The present study aimed at children participating in the creation of the MoreChild-friendly city is a city where the wants and needs of children is important to designers and urban planners. Among the features of the city with regard to children's rights and their opinions. The present study aimed at children participating in the creation of the built environment around them and therefore their opinions are analyzed. Using descriptive and analytical method based on documentary research and field surveys such as questionnaires and interviews And their ideas about places of interest situation in the city who want to have been studied . The results show that the facilities were very poor city children And except for a few children's playground and parks and amusement, not intended for them is another special atmosphere. Played little role in their children and reach them home and school, parks and play spaces is limited . More than 50 percent of children in Ardabil do not take advantage of their neighborhood as a place to play That's why the neighborhood planning should be the child as the most important center where you spent your time special attention. A Case Study of Ardabil distance markers It is a child friendly city. Which requires careful planning to participate in the design of the city's children are In this regard, several proposals, including organizing public health services, Planning for beggars and street beggars, especially children, to address their climate and bad breath, Wall posts and appropriate attention to design and attention is given to the neighborhood in the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
350 - The effect of urban space on psychosocial health of children and adolescents in Isfahan
Elaheh Enayati Amir ahamarani Ahmad AbediInadequate conditions of urban public spaces affect the physical and mental dimensions of children and adolescents. Urban and residential insecurity, isolation, depression and social disruption in urban areas are chronic urban and environmental factors. Designing open p MoreInadequate conditions of urban public spaces affect the physical and mental dimensions of children and adolescents. Urban and residential insecurity, isolation, depression and social disruption in urban areas are chronic urban and environmental factors. Designing open public spaces and urban neighborhoods in accordance with the comfort and mental and physical health of citizens is one of the goals of sustainable urban design that has expanded in recent years, especially in developed countries, and providing design guidelines and criteria for mental comfort and The happiness, health and safety of citizens have been the result of such an approach.The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of urban public spaces on the mental health of children and adolescents. The method of the present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of research method. The instrument of the present study was the 28-item Child Health Questionnaire.For data analysis, SPSS 23 software and structural equation model (AMOS) were used. The results of regression analysis showed that urban spaces affect the psychosocial health of children. The relationship between urban spaces and social, behavioral and emotional limitations is -0.48, the relationship between urban spaces and self-esteem is 0.71, the relationship between urban spaces and mental health is 0.63 and the relationship between urban spaces and problems with family is -0.54. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
351 - Love and Affection Motif in Family Relationships in Rumi's Works
Ali Rahmanian Fatemeh Taslim jahromi Ahmad Amiri KhorasaniOne of the important fields of lyrical poetry is its social dimension, one of the dimensions of which is family life. His views on the family are in line with Islamic traditions and traditions. Rumi pays much attention to the status of family and women in marital life, MoreOne of the important fields of lyrical poetry is its social dimension, one of the dimensions of which is family life. His views on the family are in line with Islamic traditions and traditions. Rumi pays much attention to the status of family and women in marital life, children and upbringing, family life, parental rights, and so forth in both the doctrines and the rules and it has promoted the dignity of the family system. In his view, men and women are responsible for meeting each other's emotional needs. Love is the basis of family relationships, although the man is responsible for earning a living and paying attention to the welfare and upbringing of children, and housework, childbearing, and the upbringing and education of children are the responsibility of women. Rumi has also made connections between many family relationships and mystical concepts; For example, for him, marital life can be a symbol of the creation system and the relationship between man and God and the creation and maternal attachment of God. In his view, men and women complement each other. This research is a descriptive-analytic study with regard to the verses and hadiths about women and the family and analyzes the Rumi's theories about the family and its rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
352 - Cultural Elements in the Translation of Children's Literature: Persian translation of Roald Dahl’s Matilda in focus
Matin Abed Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi -
Open Access Article
353 - Well-Managed Classroom with Effective Use of Technology in Early Childhood Education
Mahjabin Chowdhury Zohreh R. Eslami -
Open Access Article
354 - Training Language Teachers: An educational semiotic model
Firoozeh Mohammadi Hassanabadi -
Open Access Article
355 - Integration of Serious Games in Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Iranian Children
Azizeh Chalak Behzad Ahmadi -
Open Access Article
356 - English Language Learning and Reasoning Ability in Iranian Primary Schools: An Urgent Need for Curriculum Reappraisal
DOR: 20.1001.1.23223898.2021.9.36.8.4
Afsoon Piroozan Seyyed Ayatollah Razmjoo Sholeh Namazi -
Open Access Article
357 - Designing A Problem-Solving Skills Curriculum Model for Preschool Children and Validating It
Shahrzad Sarkhosh Alireza Sadegi Batool Faghiharam Hasan Shabani Gilchalan Rozita Zabihi -
Open Access Article
358 - Analyzing the structure and content of "Haada" (Lullaby of Sarkavir region)
seyyed hossein tabatabaei somayeh sadat tabatabaeiOne of the oldest aspects of oral literature of each country is children songs and especially lullaby. These sayings indicate a part of community ideals and national feelings rooted from long ago and kept on generation to generation up to now and then maintain their pos MoreOne of the oldest aspects of oral literature of each country is children songs and especially lullaby. These sayings indicate a part of community ideals and national feelings rooted from long ago and kept on generation to generation up to now and then maintain their positions. The use of three arts of poetry, music and dancing as well as motherly affection and compassion added extraordinary aspects to this local tradition. In Sarkavir of Semnan Province, lullabies for children to make him/her sleep is called "Hadaa". This paper tries to compile and collect the most popular and heard Hadaas of this area and then it analyses the syntactical and semantically arranged features of these songs regarding the societal and living status and religious beilefs and cultural level of speakers and thereby introduces a type of written literature of Hadaa. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
359 - An Analysis of the Barriers to the Development of Child and Family Tourism in Ahvaz Metropolis
Majid Goodarzi Zahra Soltani Masoumeh SharifpourThe significance of the attitude towards child and family tourism is due to the fact that it is associated with the fundamental therapies and ethical principles that underlie the growth and development of the modern collective tourism system and distinguishes tourism as MoreThe significance of the attitude towards child and family tourism is due to the fact that it is associated with the fundamental therapies and ethical principles that underlie the growth and development of the modern collective tourism system and distinguishes tourism as a positive consumption activity in modern societies. Social tourism analysts have cited various structural inequalities in access to travel opportunities that have traditionally been overlooked by tourism researchers, highlighting the concept of "citizenship rights" for tourism and highlighting its role in tackling social exclusion. For this purpose, the present study aims to investigate and analyze the barriers to development of child and family tourism in Ahvaz. The general approach of this research is descriptive-analytical and survey. The results show that managerial dimensions، socio-cultural security technological and environmental dimensions respectively have the greatest contribution to the urban space undesirability of Ahvaz in the development of child and family tourism. Also, in the factor analysis it was shown that the "socio - cultural" factor with the coefficient of 0.371 was the most significant one while the environmental factor with the coefficient of -0.021 was the least significant one among the factors of child and family tourism development in Ahvaz metropolis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
360 - Examination of Chastisement Right of child in Imami Jurisprudence, law of Iran and International law
hasan falah Seyed Javad Seyed Alizadeh Ganji Behnam GhanbarporFrom an aspect of expedience, the right to punishment is an issue that exposes children's rights to danger and abuse in national and international realms. On the other hand, chastisement of child and harming the health of the child's body and soul is an issue that paren MoreFrom an aspect of expedience, the right to punishment is an issue that exposes children's rights to danger and abuse in national and international realms. On the other hand, chastisement of child and harming the health of the child's body and soul is an issue that parents and guardians are clinging to it for exercising their own taste and also to disavowal their responsibility. Of course, this issue is not the same everywhere, but providing a pattern for judicial exploitation in public dealing with this phenomenon is one of the important issues of the rights of the child. In Iran’s law, on the subject of chastisement right, without considering the foundations of guardianship of the child, there isn’t distinguish between parent or other guardians. So according to mentioned aspect, the reformation of Article 9 of the »Child and Adolescent Protection Law« and Article 158 of the »Islamic Penal Code« is proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
361 - Dejudicialization of Children and Adolescents under the Protection of the Children and Adolescents Special Police Bill Approved 1400 (Looking at the England Legal System Experience)
mohammad shahanaghi Mehdi Moghimi Receive Date: 2023/07/05 Revise Date: 2023/08/13   More Receive Date: 2023/07/05 Revise Date: 2023/08/13 Accept Date: 2023/09/10Abstract One of the innovations of some legal systems in dealing with the offences of children and adolescents is the formation of children and adolescents special police. For the first time, this idea was formed in England and America and because of that, a certain part of the police structure was dedicated to juvenile delinquency. The employed people in the special police have special education and expertise about the method of interacting with minors and principle dealing with crimes committed by them. In the countries that have recognized it, the special police have certain duties and certain competencies in the process of dealing with juvenile delinquency and as a result of the development of criminological ideas and even human rights’ doctrines, their approach in interacting with juvenile delinquents has become more reform-oriented and restorative; therefore, the responses that special police determines and implements in the dealing with juvenile delinquencies are different from the official punitive and repressive responses that governments determine and implement for adults. Authors in this article, with aim of investigate and explain the dejudicialization approach of the children and adolescents special police in Iran's legal system, have concluded that dejudicialization of delinquent children and adolescents is one of the most important prominent approaches in the bill of the special police of children and adolescents approved in 1400 in Iran. Looking at the experience of the English legal system in this field, it is clear that this country has also tried to avoid their entry into formal judicial processes and criminal proceedings, focusing on the dejudicialization of delinquent children and adolescents and using alternative methods, especially based on restorative justice to respond to the delinquency of children and adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
362 - Investigation of Educational Computer Games’ Effects on Learning Mathematics’ Basic Concepts in Preschool Children of Kerman
Zohreh Mahmoudi Alireza Mohammadi Aria Mansoureh Karim Zadeh Pouria Reza SoltaniBackground and Purpose: The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of educational computer games on learning of mathematics’ basic concepts include Classification, Sorting, Conservation, Detecting Similarities and Differences and Geometry in preschoo MoreBackground and Purpose: The goal of this research was to investigate the effects of educational computer games on learning of mathematics’ basic concepts include Classification, Sorting, Conservation, Detecting Similarities and Differences and Geometry in preschoolers.Method: The statistical society of the research included preschoolers of four pre-schools in Kerman city. In this research non-probability (available) sampling has been used. The research’s selected sample consists of 44 children who have been divided into treatment and control group equally according to the number and gender. After doing the pre-test via “Basic Mathematic Skills Test for Children” on both groups, the treatment group received training via special designed educational computer games for 2 months, 2 sessions per week. Finally, the post-test was done and the results were recorded per each component and children. Then the data was analyzed by using differential t-test.Results: The results of analysis show that four out five primary hypotheses related to the effects of computer games on learning of categorization, sorting, conservation and detecting similarities and differences were confirmed. But, the hypothesis related to learning of geometry was not confirmed.Conclusion: The results show that using educational computer games has positive effects on learning of mathematics basic concepts in preschoolers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
363 - Living experience of mothers from virtual education of children during coronary quarantine (phenomenological study)
Atiye Rezayi Mahsa Karimi Fateme Hami KargarWith the spread of corona and the transformation of face-to-face education into virtual education, educating students, especially in adolescence, has been a challenge for parents. The aim of the present study is to understand the lived experience of mothers and its rela MoreWith the spread of corona and the transformation of face-to-face education into virtual education, educating students, especially in adolescence, has been a challenge for parents. The aim of the present study is to understand the lived experience of mothers and its related dimensions and meanings about virtual education during coronary quarantine. The research method is descriptive phenomenology. For this purpose, among Tehran mothers, 15 people who had at least one school child aged 11 to 15 years were selected by purposive sampling method and data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews, and this continued until the researcher reached theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed by coding and identifying the main and sub-categories using the Klaizi method. Findings of research on mothers' worries and concerns including 4 main themes and 9 sub-categories, respectively: students' cultural and social harms (students' vulnerability in cyberspace, the growth of consumerist culture in students and disorders in students' sociability), and students' mental health risks. Physical and mental injuries), the inefficiency of e-learning (incomplete realization of education and lack of infrastructure for e-learning) and the perceived benefits of e-learning (e-learning opportunities and increasing the ability of students in cyberspace). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
364 - Pathology of the working children phenomenon in Tehran with a fuzzy approach
ali asghar sadabadi fatemeh fehriPhenomenon of street children and child labour become an increasing challenge in Tehran. The purpose of this paper is to investigate causes and consequences of emerging child labour and then offer proper approach to solve it. In this study using 3C model aims to analyze MorePhenomenon of street children and child labour become an increasing challenge in Tehran. The purpose of this paper is to investigate causes and consequences of emerging child labour and then offer proper approach to solve it. In this study using 3C model aims to analyze approach toward street children in three branches of Content, Structure and Context, then using data mining and content analysis elements that controlling causes and consequences of street childeren and its approches. Within Fuzzy Delphi questionnaries that given to experts were analyased. In order to demonstrate the relation between elements that were agreed on by these experts, SODA method had implemented. Eventually within integration of expert's plans its becames the one model that consist of 45 index and 57 approches. Also in finale model of research, approperiate approch in each index was provided by a figure. . . . . . . . . . . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
365 - Exploring the process of formation of the phenomenon of street work children and its consequences in the city of Ahvaz
Hoseyn Moltafet, Mohammadhoseyn Moghadam Aziz HazbaviThe purpose of the study is to Exploring the process of formation of the phenomenon of street work children and its consequences in Ahvaz. The nature of this research is qualitative and using grounded theory and purposeful sampling and with the principle of theoretical MoreThe purpose of the study is to Exploring the process of formation of the phenomenon of street work children and its consequences in Ahvaz. The nature of this research is qualitative and using grounded theory and purposeful sampling and with the principle of theoretical love with 10 street working children, deep quality interviews are acceptable. Findings include 10 subcategories, the problems facing family after parental divorce, post-divorce psychological trauma in family, environmental incentives, training and transfer of street work methods, child labor as assertiveness, social harms of child labor in the street, time challenges, people's dual treatments of child, work breaks, psychological damage of child labor in the street, 4 main categories, post-divorce challenges in the family, differential socialization of the child, selective strategy of child labor in the street, individual-social consequences of work The child on the street and the core category, the child's work as coping with the status quo. The results showed that factors family and the disorders existing in it are considered as a necessary condition and starting point of this process, and differential socialization and a more generally environmental cause as a source of inducing work to the child is a sufficient condition, which govern the process of the phenomenon of street children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
366 - .A pathological study of children of work in the city of Tehran, using a Fuzzy approach
Ali asghar Sadabadi fatemeh fehri.The phenomenon of street children and child labour has increasingly become a major challenge in Tehran. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causes and consequences of emerging child labour and then offer a proper approach for its solution. Using data More.The phenomenon of street children and child labour has increasingly become a major challenge in Tehran. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causes and consequences of emerging child labour and then offer a proper approach for its solution. Using data mining and content analysis, elements contributing to the causes and consequences of street childeren were identified. The questionnaries were analyzed using Fuzzy Delphi approach. Then using 3C model, approaches toward street children were sorted in three branches of Content, Structure and Context. In order to demonstrate the relation between elements that were agreed on by the experts, the strategic options development and analysis (SODA) method was implemented. Eventually, by integrating expert's plans, a model emerged that consisted of 45 indices and 57 approches. The findings showed that poverty was the main cause of the occurrence and prevalence of this phenomenon, and structural factors or issues related to government and legislation can have the greatest impact on solving the problems of street children, and can lead to poverty reduction. Content factors are of secondary importance. The existence of various solutions in the field of cultural and religious arenas is also noteworthy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
367 - Exploring the process of formation of the phenomenon of street work children and its consequences in the city of Ahvaz
Mohammadhoseyn Moghadam Hoseyn Moltafet, Aziz HazbaviThe purpose of the study is to Exploring the process of formation of the phenomenon of street work children and its consequences in Ahvaz. The nature of this research is qualitative and using grounded theory and purposeful sampling and with the principle of theoretical MoreThe purpose of the study is to Exploring the process of formation of the phenomenon of street work children and its consequences in Ahvaz. The nature of this research is qualitative and using grounded theory and purposeful sampling and with the principle of theoretical love with 10 street working children, deep quality interviews are acceptable. Findings include 10 subcategories, the problems facing family after parental divorce, post-divorce psychological trauma in family, environmental incentives, training and transfer of street work methods, child labor as assertiveness, social harms of child labor in the street, time challenges, people's dual treatments of child, work breaks, psychological damage of child labor in the street, 4 main categories, post-divorce challenges in the family, differential socialization of the child, selective strategy of child labor in the street, individual-social consequences of work The child on the street and the core category, the child's work as coping with the status quo. The results showed that factors family and the disorders existing in it are considered as a necessary condition and starting point of this process, and differential socialization and a more generally environmental cause as a source of inducing work to the child is a sufficient condition, which govern the process of the phenomenon of street children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
368 - Identifying the components of social entrepreneurship and investigating their effects on empowerment of street children
alieh shekarbeigi parisa farahaniThe emergence of different social harms and lack of strategic and macro planning in countries has disrupted the natural growth and development of some children and has presented societies with emerging phenomena of labor children and street children. Therefore this rese MoreThe emergence of different social harms and lack of strategic and macro planning in countries has disrupted the natural growth and development of some children and has presented societies with emerging phenomena of labor children and street children. Therefore this research aims to identify the components of social entrepreneurship and to find its effects on empowerment of labor and street children. This is a descriptive -correlative study. The research population consisted of managers and the staff of empowerment offices of the city of Tehran that numbered close to 600 persons. Data collecting tool is a 27 items questionnaire that its validity was achieved by content and structure method and its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.935). The results showed that social entrepreneurship has direct effect on empowerment of street children. Of the components of entrepreneurship, highest and lowest effects were as follows, respectively: "basic principles of social entrepreneurship" with regression coefficient of 0.831 and "social entrepreneurial program" with regression coefficient of 0.691. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
369 - Reasons for using and finding surrealistic expressions in five rewritten fantasy stories for children of age group "A".
Sepideh Rajabi The use of imagination in fiction narratives is the main theme of fantasy. Fantasy is an artistic type that uses magic along with supernatural tools in literary works; But over ti More The use of imagination in fiction narratives is the main theme of fantasy. Fantasy is an artistic type that uses magic along with supernatural tools in literary works; But over time, the human mind no longer accepts its traditional and repetitive content; For this reason, fantasy in the story has evolved to adapt to the conditions and surprise the audience, and has become a form of pristine and new imagination. Although fantasy imaginations and its lane patterns are predetermined and clear, along with the evolution of literary schools, surrealist manifestations that lead to imagination with rebellion, breakdowns, and liberation from the law of nature, and their purpose is to repeat, fresh freshness. And reference to the inner dimension and apply the subconscious; It is seen in fantasy stories. The present study, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
370 - Analysis of the Educational Function of Fantasy in Children's and Teenagers' Stories
fateme soltaniDue to the importance of educational issues, many works have been written for children and teenagers. Basically, children's literary works have an educational nature and the core of children's literature in all nations is education. One of the most important functions o MoreDue to the importance of educational issues, many works have been written for children and teenagers. Basically, children's literary works have an educational nature and the core of children's literature in all nations is education. One of the most important functions of fantasy in children and teenagers' stories is its educational function. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method in order to explain the educational role of fantasy stories. It also examines the social and moral functions of fantasy stories in eighteen fantasy stories containing social, environmental, love, and friendship themes. In addition to the mentioned themes, loneliness, superstitions and beliefs, parental separation and their consequences, problem solving skills training, making friends, how to use new technologies, finding one's true self, having compassion for all the beings in the universe, emphasizing the collective wisdom, the need to trust on the elders of the family, pay attention to God's help, fight against abomination, and self-sacrifice on the way to reach the lofty goal are among the most important moral and educational teachings that contemporary fantasy writers emphasize one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
371 - Analysis of cognitive skills in Razavi's novel Wake me up based on Lipman's critical thinking
Parisa Ahmadi Khalil BaygzadeNovels derived from Islamic culture have appeared in Persian literature with the aim of processing aspects of educational teachings and types of skills of thinking types, which can be used in social research and with their help, more aspects of human existential philoso MoreNovels derived from Islamic culture have appeared in Persian literature with the aim of processing aspects of educational teachings and types of skills of thinking types, which can be used in social research and with their help, more aspects of human existential philosophy and types of thinking can be achieved. Razavi's novel "Wake me up" by Fariba Kalhor based on the character of Imam Reza (AS) is based on moral dos and don'ts and cognitive teachings that include critical thinking skills such as self-correction, self-correction, correct judgment and the influence and interpretation of the context of the text. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the critical thinking skills in Razavi's novel "Wake me up" based on Lipman's critical thinking with a descriptive-analytical approach. The achievement of the research is the achievement of critical thinking skills that can lead the audience to a correct understanding of the text by expressing logical arguments, having flexibility in dealing with new methods and relying on unconventional conditions. The metacognition of the text is due to the questioning of the audience's thinking, which has brought him to a knowledge beyond ordinary knowledge. Angles of correct judgments can be seen in the text of the novel, which is Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
372 - Analysis of the Educational and Emotional Themes of Nasser Keshavarz's Children's poems
Farzaneh Farazmand Mahmoud Sadeghzadeh Hadi HeidariniaNasser Keshavarz is one of the contemporary poets who wrote children's poetry. The main goal of the present research was to explain the prominent and frequently used themes in the children's poems of Nasser Keshavarz. Therefore, the most important themes, sub-themes and MoreNasser Keshavarz is one of the contemporary poets who wrote children's poetry. The main goal of the present research was to explain the prominent and frequently used themes in the children's poems of Nasser Keshavarz. Therefore, the most important themes, sub-themes and messages of the Keshavarz’s children's poems have been investigated and evaluated in the form of a qualitative research approach by using the method of descriptive analysis and inductive analysis. The statistical community and the scope of the current research was Nasser Keshavarz's children's poems. Among the numerous books of the poet, eleven poems have been selected as samples. The criterion for determining the sample size was to reach theoretical saturation. Data analysis was done through using Stirling (2006) coding. The findings of the research show that Nasser Keshavarz raised four organizing themes in his children's poems. These four themes were obtained in the methodological path of the current research and by combining and summarizing 53 basic subjects. It can be said that Keshavarz is one of the successful poets of contemporary Iran who has preserved the narrative mode and story flow in his works. He has shown his ability in writing children's poems and mixing children's language with the world of childhood and imagination. The main themes of Nasser Keshavarz's poems include: education, enjoyable and entertaining topics, naturalism, emotional and emotional. In the meantime, emotional and sensational themes are considered to be the most important and prominent themes of Nasser Keshavarz's children's poems, Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
373 - Similarites and differences between child and adult stories
maryam khalili Jahantigh soghra RahimiAlthough all stories are created by extending plot and giving details to it,the way of using plot with regard to age group of readers is different.A writer who writes for the children uses a language suitable for them and a writer who writes for adults makes use of a la MoreAlthough all stories are created by extending plot and giving details to it,the way of using plot with regard to age group of readers is different.A writer who writes for the children uses a language suitable for them and a writer who writes for adults makes use of a language apprppriate for them.Plot also varies according to the age group of readers; therefore, in this study the aim is to compare and contrasr those plots that are created for adults and children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
374 - Rereading a chapter from Kalila and Demeneh (Analysis of the Chapter of the Lion and the Jackal based on the Fabled Foundations of Philosophy for Children)
Atefeh Yousefi Said Naji A large part of classical Persian literature is devoted to didactic texts. As its name suggests, these works are full of moral teachings and social concepts which are written in the form of fables and stories. The present research by using a des More A large part of classical Persian literature is devoted to didactic texts. As its name suggests, these works are full of moral teachings and social concepts which are written in the form of fables and stories. The present research by using a descriptive-analytical method is an attempt to answer the question whether educational texts can be used in another educational field like teaching philosophy to children or not. After answering this question, a fable from Kalila and Demeneh has been analyzed on a case-by-case basis, based on the criteria of philosophical thinking of children and teenagers. The examined issues include the main features of philosophical fable such as literary acceptability, psychological acceptability, rational acceptability, argumentative dialogue, and explorability. According to the findings of the research, this fable has literary, philosophical, and psychological capabilitiesThus,through rewriting it in standard language, it is possible to obtain a very good resource for teachers to use it in philosophical thinking classes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
375 - Didactic Instructions Based on the Presence of Different Generations in Shāhnāmeh
Masoumeh Hashempour Yosef Nikrouz Athar Tajalli ArdakaniShāhnāmeh is a literary masterpiece written by Ferdowsi. In this valuable literary work, Ferdowsi who has the knowledge of the natural differences between children, the youth and the elders examines different dimensions of didactic literature to express his desired conc MoreShāhnāmeh is a literary masterpiece written by Ferdowsi. In this valuable literary work, Ferdowsi who has the knowledge of the natural differences between children, the youth and the elders examines different dimensions of didactic literature to express his desired concepts and goals, which are full of pure didactic points, to his readers in the best possible way. Understanding the characteristics of different generations can show the significant and practical role of didactic literature. In fact, the difference in didactic subjects arises from the differences in life stages, intellectual and physical strength, as well as knowledge resulting from their gaining experience in the society. In this article, the researchers attempt to analyze the effect of didactic literature and its characteristics from the perspective of generational differences in Shāhnāmeh. By analyzing subjects such as fame, good reputation, beneficence, courage, foresight, erudition and knowledge, advice, etc., it was determined how Ferdowsi has used didactic themes relevant to each generation. Relying on the didactic instructions, Ferdowsi invites children to learn art, the youth to become aware of and to accept advice, and the elders to be wise, prudent, advising and guiding. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
376 - Investigating the Components of Child Moral Development in the Stories of Ahmadreza Ahmadi (by Using the Social Learning Theory)
Sarah Noei Reza Ashrafzadeh Batool Fakhr EslamAhmadReza Ahmadi is one of the leading figures in the field of contemporary children's literature. In his stories, he refersAhmadreza Ahmadi is an eminent figure in the field of new wave poetry and volume poetry. Despite his outstanding works in contemporary children's MoreAhmadReza Ahmadi is one of the leading figures in the field of contemporary children's literature. In his stories, he refersAhmadreza Ahmadi is an eminent figure in the field of new wave poetry and volume poetry. Despite his outstanding works in contemporary children's literature, this part of his literary capacities has not been properly addressed. In his stories, he refers to various educational and moral issues and uses various techniques to represent these issues in a desirable way, including the emphasis on environmental and social learning of the child. In the present study, citing library sources and by using the descriptive-analytical methods, these techniques have been studied and explored in selected stories of Ahmadreza Ahmadi. The results indicate that by using a variety of factors such as 'role modeling and introducing practical model', 'personal confrontation of the child with moral/immoral situations', 'strengthening and stabilizing moral behavior' and 'using pretend play', the author has recounted and depicted a diverse set of educational and moral issues such as cooperation and helping each other, respect for animals, peace-seeking, loving fellowmen, seeking identity and returning to one's true self to the children. In the meantime, teaching respect for the animals has been repeated many times in various stories, which shows the author's main concern for culture in this regard. In representing his educational approaches, Ahmadi has emphasized the impact of the surrounding environment on the development process, and the individual morality and personality of the children and has highlighted the role of external factors in orienting the educational aspects of this age group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
377 - The role of traffic calming in the planning of child friendly and human-oriented cities (Case study: Zanjan)
Saeid Amanpour Samira Moradi Mofrad Akbar HossienzadehWith the rapid growth of urbanization, children's health is one of the most important problems in many countries, which it is mentioned one of the main reasons for the lack of a child friendly environment in the city. Creating a child friendly city, including the alloca MoreWith the rapid growth of urbanization, children's health is one of the most important problems in many countries, which it is mentioned one of the main reasons for the lack of a child friendly environment in the city. Creating a child friendly city, including the allocation of infrastructure and public facilities (green space, playground, and participatory spaces) is in the interest of children. The purpose of this research is to identify child-friendly spaces to separate urban neighborhoods of Zanjan is based on safety. The method to be applied and the nature of descriptive and analytic that the data collection tools including library studies and documents have benefited. To analyze the data and results of GIS is used. The results suggest that neighborhoods such as Baharestan,Amir Kabir, Zibashahr and Arrazy Payyn, Due to Local Street blocked (deadlock) in the end, Space For the circulation of vehicles As well as of children's games Percent lower accident And also more children from the streets as their playground. In contrast to these areas, Islamabad district with network chess the highest percentage of accidents on the Streets of the local is allocated. This is due to the high population density, the neighborhood. The occupation and sovereignty of the low income class, they continue to use the streets as the main game space for children which require attention and review is essential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
378 - Effects of Agricultural Child Labour on Children’s Perception of Farming Occupation in Delta State, Nigeria
Albert Ofuoku Angela Izukanne Emodi -
Open Access Article
379 - A Comparative Study on Educational Attainment of Migrant and Non-Migrant Households in Rural Areas of Tangail District in Bangladesh
Fahana Tiza Kazi Farid Lavlu Mozumdar -
Open Access Article
380 - The Nexus between Rural-Urban Migration and Child Labour in Agriculture in Delta State Nigeria
A.U Ofuoku B.C Uweru -
Open Access Article
381 - Combating Agricultural Child Labour for National Development: Implications for the Millenium Development Goals in Nigeria
G.N, Ben-Chendo J. I, Lemchi F.O, Nwosu A, Henri-Ukoha I.U, Nwaiwu -
Open Access Article
382 - Sports dramatic effect on social development of fifth grade female students in Isfahan
Hossein Aflaki Fard leila naeini davriniThe objective of this study show the impact of games on social development of female students was fifth grade. This study applied a method using a semi-experimental with pre-past test ,control group and test conducted., 30 students as a sample , and were distributed sel MoreThe objective of this study show the impact of games on social development of female students was fifth grade. This study applied a method using a semi-experimental with pre-past test ,control group and test conducted., 30 students as a sample , and were distributed self-esteem questionnaire for children and Weiland questionnaire, for both parents. Test group in 8 sessions doing of dramatic games .Data collected were analyzed using SPSS software test and analysis of covariance, the result of such that was F equal to 643/25 has the freedom grade (1 and 27) at the level of 001/0has meaning and because of this amount of less than 05/0, we conclude that the experimental and control groups have the different social development. In other words, the game show a significant impact on students' social development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
383 - Sociological Analysis on the Procedure for the Treatment of Pedophilia in Jurisprudence and Law
Soudabeh Taheri Hasan AsadiVulnerable groups, including children, need special support in their particular circumstances through the adoption of differential policies. A differential policy in domestic law is presented as a specific crime in the field of children or in the form of intensified pun MoreVulnerable groups, including children, need special support in their particular circumstances through the adoption of differential policies. A differential policy in domestic law is presented as a specific crime in the field of children or in the form of intensified punishment. The procedure for the hearing of children and adolescents has a number of differentiated features in adulthood. Including the fact that police and judges exclusively or frequently involved in pediatric trials should be familiar with the creation of courses with a variety of sciences such as child psychology, social work and criminology. The hearing should be completely censored and protected by the child. It seems that the special procedure for the criminalization of children in customary law is inconsistent with Islamic law, and there are no indications and prohibitions on the application of this proceeding in valid jurisprudential texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
384 - The effectiveness of storytelling on Aggression and anxiety in elementary school students
esmat fazeliPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of storytelling on students' aggression and anxiety. Method: This research was a semi-experimental, pre-test, post-test, control group or control group. The sample consisted of 30 subjects who were MorePurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of storytelling on students' aggression and anxiety. Method: This research was a semi-experimental, pre-test, post-test, control group or control group. The sample consisted of 30 subjects who were selected randomly from among primary school students in Mahshahr in the academic year 1396-1397. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups (15 people) and control (15 people). Aggression Questionnaire (Bass & Perry, 1998), Anxiety Scale (Spence, 2007), and Parykh and Majdi's (2009) Storytelling Toolkit. Statistical analysis of multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and one way to collect data was performed. Results: The results showed that the level of aggression and anxiety in the experimental group decreased at the end of the intervention. Conclusion: Stress therapy can moderate the students' aggression and anxiety. Similar studies with subjects from different cities and with different cultures can enhance the generalizations of the findings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
385 - A study about the Relationship between Family social status and Level of motion development in Children 3-4 Isfahan city
مجتبی شاهنوشی نعیمه قاسمیChanges and improvements in motion behavior are as a result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors occur. The family as an environmental factor to determining a child's race and ethnicity can choice the educational practices and lifestyles of different MoreChanges and improvements in motion behavior are as a result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors occur. The family as an environmental factor to determining a child's race and ethnicity can choice the educational practices and lifestyles of different conditions for children's motion development. This study has attempted to examine the relationship between social status of family and children's success in implementing their coarse and fine skills. To achieve the goal, we selected 245 samples of Isfahan city children between 3-4 years old by using combinations of clusters - systematically sampling. Students were asked necessary information by examining the development of coarse and fine motion skills of Denver 2 test and we gathered parent data by another questionnaire The results showed a relationship between social status of family and the successful of children's motion skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
386 - Plan to develop a model for the production of sensory tactile books
Marjan Nikbakht zahra Abazari Mohsen Haji Zeanolabedini Fahimeh BabalhavaejiObjective: To present a plan for developing a model for the production of tactile books (from the perspective of production experts and educators of blind and visually impaired 3- to 6-year-old children) Methodology: The present study is a combined application. In the q MoreObjective: To present a plan for developing a model for the production of tactile books (from the perspective of production experts and educators of blind and visually impaired 3- to 6-year-old children) Methodology: The present study is a combined application. In the quality section, the Delphi method has been used to obtain the consensus of experts in the production and publication of tactile books. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to aggregate the views of educational instructors in an analytical survey. The content validity coefficient of the questionnaire was higher than 0.99 and the content validity index was higher than 0.79. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.863. The statistical population includes all experts in the production and publication of tactile books, which includes 33 production experts, of which 21 experts were selected as members of the Delphi panel in the qualitative part of the research by available sampling. In the quantitative section, all 76 in-service instructors were selected from 23 educational centers in Iran that work in connection with tactile books. Results: In the Delphi method in three stages and despite the low Kendall coefficient in the third round (0.565), it was concluded that finally the survey process of production and publishing experts, Delphi panel in the third round with 37 items Stop the questionnaire. Comparison of production criteria of tactile sensory books from the perspective of educational instructors to determine their approval indicates that the technical criteria of production (72%), content criteria (74%), and presentation criteria (72%) It was approved and among them, experts and educators assigned the highest amount to the content criterion with values (74%). Finally, the criteria for the production and evaluation of tactile books from the perspective of educators were largely approved (72%). Conclusion: In order to understand the most important criteria for the production of textbooks from the perspective of production and publishing experts and educators, after analyzing the components and turning them into new factors, with the help of factor analysis Exploratory and relative chi-square index and fitting confirmatory factor were presented, and a model for the production of tactile sensory books was developed and proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
387 - Suitable model for children's library from special librarians' viewpoint
Batool Rezaei-Ghomi Mohsen HamidiPurpose: This research presents a suitable model for children's library from special librarians' viewpoint. Methodology: This applied research was done using analytical survey approach. The research society includes fifty people of outstanding experts in children field MorePurpose: This research presents a suitable model for children's library from special librarians' viewpoint. Methodology: This applied research was done using analytical survey approach. The research society includes fifty people of outstanding experts in children field and Librarianship. To collect desired data a researcher-developed questionnaire was utilized. Findings: The suggested model was on the basis of ten indicators confirmed by IFLA guidelines. Conclusion: Ten indicators and two research hypotheses were confirmed according to the experts' viewpoints. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
388 - A study of pictures of story books for children aging 7 to 12 published by the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults during 2001-2009
tahereh fazaliThe present research aims at evaluating the amount of desirability of pictures of story books for children aging 7-12, published by the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults (IIDCYA) during 2001-2009. The method of research in first sec MoreThe present research aims at evaluating the amount of desirability of pictures of story books for children aging 7-12, published by the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adults (IIDCYA) during 2001-2009. The method of research in first section is library method and in second section is content analysis. The society of research includes all story books (68 titles) of children the range of 7-12 which has been published by IIDCYA. The collected data have been analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics. On the basis of findings, it was realized that the amount of desirability is more than average in the most of pictures of story. Finally, some recommendations for improving the pictures, and some suggestions for further research were offered. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
389 - The Effect of Bibliotherapy on the Reduction of Depression Symptoms: A Case Study of Fourth and Fifth Graders’ Students at Shahid Tavana Primary School in Tabriz
Nasim Salahshour zohreh mirhoseiniPurpose: Considering the importance of the treatment of children’s psychological problems at earlier ages and developmentally-oriented therapies, the present study aimed to examine the effect of bibliotherapy on fourth and fifth graders students’ depression MorePurpose: Considering the importance of the treatment of children’s psychological problems at earlier ages and developmentally-oriented therapies, the present study aimed to examine the effect of bibliotherapy on fourth and fifth graders students’ depression at Shahid Tavana Primary School in Tabriz. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study and the convenience sampling, 24 students of fourth and fifth graders of ShahidTavana Primary School were selected and assigned in tow groups, that was employed the pre test – post test control group design with a two-month follow-up without the control group. Children’s depression inventory developed by Kovacs was used. After the pretest, the treatment included twelve 60-minute sessions once a week while the control group received no-treatment. Both groups were post tested immediately after the treatment. The experimental group was also re-tested with a two-month time interval in order for the treatment’s stability to be examined. To complete the results of quantitative data, the researcher also gathered qualitative data through semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data was analyzed by means of dependent-samples, t-test and the qualitative data was studied accordingly. Findings: showed that the children’s depression was reduced and after 2 months the reduction was also stable. It also revealed that mothers had positive attitudes toward bibliotherapy Conclusion: It is concluded that not only does bibliotherapy have the potential to reduce children’s depression, but also it can be employed in various educational and therapeutic settings due to its acceptance among mothers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
390 - The application rate of five elements of Caldwell and Spinks’ strategic management in Tehran libraries of Intellectual Development Center of Children and Adolescents
Fatemeh Naderi narges neshatPurpose: Itstudies the use rate of five elements of Caldwell & Spinks strategic management in the libraries of intellectual development center of children and adolescents of Tehran City. Methodology: This is an analytic-survey study. A research-made questionnaire b MorePurpose: Itstudies the use rate of five elements of Caldwell & Spinks strategic management in the libraries of intellectual development center of children and adolescents of Tehran City. Methodology: This is an analytic-survey study. A research-made questionnaire based on five components of the model was developed and distributed to 167 M.S/PhD staff members. Findings: Among five components of Caldwell & Spinks strategic management, considering information exchange and the processes empowering the libraries of intellectual development center of children and adolescents received first and last place respectively. Although, it was supposed to be a difference between administrators’ majors and their opinions about using strategic management elements, the data show that there is no significant difference between the views of administrators majoring in librarianship, non-librarianship, and even management about their approach towards strategic management. Conclusion: Five management components are highly followed in Tehran libraries of intellectual development center of children and adolescents fulfilled between 5.68% and 7.75%. But, to achieve a desirable status and 100% fulfillment, each element particularly empowering ones need to be considered more. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
391 - A study about the status of publishing children and young adults' encyclopedia during 2006-2011
Mahdi Mohammadi Sokeineh FalsafinPurpose: An attempt is made to evaluate Farsi encyclopedias published in the area of children and young adult during 2006-2011. Methodology: The study is an applied one which employs a content analysis procedure through the instrumentation of a checklist developed by t MorePurpose: An attempt is made to evaluate Farsi encyclopedias published in the area of children and young adult during 2006-2011. Methodology: The study is an applied one which employs a content analysis procedure through the instrumentation of a checklist developed by the researcher. 150 encyclopedias were selected and focused on, all of which were published during the above time period and were available in the database of Iran Book Institution, one of the most authoritative databases in Iran for published books. Findings: Results showed that out of the 150 published encyclopedias, 45 or 30% were general encyclopedias, and 105 or 70% were specialized encyclopedias. The year 2009 was the most productive year with 34 volumes. Of all the books, 86% were published in Tehran, and the other 14% were published in other cities. Conclusion: Regarding the kind of encyclopedias, it was found that translation-based ones were more abundant than authored ones; also, most of the encyclopedias addressed age group D. In terms of editing the publications, authored encyclopedias were not in a much better condition that translated ones. Finally, the prices of the publications were steadily ascending during the period under investigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
392 - A Study about the concept of culture and peace in children books published in Iran during 1991-2006
zohreh mirhoseini Nayyer Targhikhah DeylmaghaniThis research aims to introduce different cultural indicators in 52 books published for Iranian children during 15 years after Islamic revolution. Among these indicators, the concept of peace is very important to establish a communication among different cultures of the MoreThis research aims to introduce different cultural indicators in 52 books published for Iranian children during 15 years after Islamic revolution. Among these indicators, the concept of peace is very important to establish a communication among different cultures of the nations. So, by using content analysis method, we tried to extract the most important entries for introducing world cultural indicators. The result shows that political systems as a main entry for introducing global culture have a frequency of 139 (12%). For Iranian culture, the most important entry is cultural property (historical monuments) with 44 frequencies (14%) among 314 entries. Peace concept with only 30 frequencies among 1158 analyzed data has a little share (%025), among the other cultural indicators. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
393 - Evaluating the quality of pictures of children and adolescents reference books, published during the 2006-2011
Yaghoub Norouzi Sokaineh FalsafinPurpose: The study aimed to evaluate the pictures of children’s reference books and analysis and compares them with standards in this field. Methodology: This study is applied. The method used in this research is quantitative content analysis type. The population MorePurpose: The study aimed to evaluate the pictures of children’s reference books and analysis and compares them with standards in this field. Methodology: This study is applied. The method used in this research is quantitative content analysis type. The population consisted of 216 children and adolescents as a reference book for the first time during the study have been published, the data collection instrument was checklist that its validity was confirmed by experts. Findings: In this research 4 factors including color, quality, place of picture and localization of them were investigated. Results showed that over 87% of books have color image and also quality of 56% of them was good. 78% of pictures have in good place and 14% of them derived from original images. Also, about criteria of overal quality of images and localization, pictures have weakness and especially about translated book there is no innovation. Conclusion: The study provided a check list for evaluation of quality of children's references books based on literature review that can be useful for publishers and other authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
394 - Investigating the Rate of Usage of IT in Libraries of the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adult, Ahwaz city and the Barriers of Applying Them in this Libraries
Seyyed Ali Akbar Famil Rohani Fatemeh Khajavi Mohsen Hamidipurpose: The aim of present research was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the use of Information technology in libraries of the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adult Ahwaz city. Methodology: The descriptive survey is us Morepurpose: The aim of present research was to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the use of Information technology in libraries of the Institute for the Intellectual Development of Children and Young Adult Ahwaz city. Methodology: The descriptive survey is used.Three questionnaires were prepared for managers, employees and members of the library. For Analysis of Results Descriptive statistics and SPSS 18 Software were used. Findings: The amount of using information technology is in the lowest rate. Librarians declared that the major problem in using information technology in libraries, are inadequate facilities and in adequate training. Conclusion: 18.28 of employees declared the important priority barriers to use information technology was the loss of plan specifically for job training. Priority services client was online search services with an average of 111.70. The most important problem of the patrons was inadequate resources find with an average of 92.83 is. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
395 - Content analysis on the introducing the jobs in children's social stories and social sciences’ books 1380 to 1390
zohreh mirhoseini zahra abazari mahsa amiriPurpose: The main aim of this research is to investigate situation of the jobs in children and young adults’ social stories and social science books during 1380 to 1390. Methodology: Determination of statistical population is based on: 1- MorePurpose: The main aim of this research is to investigate situation of the jobs in children and young adults’ social stories and social science books during 1380 to 1390. Methodology: Determination of statistical population is based on: 1- Social story books that are extracted from intellectual center for children and young adults reference library. 2- Social science books that are extracted from children's book council bibliography. The number of social story books are 219 and the number of social science books are 359.Based on Morgan table, 140 social story books and 186 social science books were inspected through descriptive content analysis. For analyzing data, The standard International classification of occupations (ISCO) was used. Resulted Jobs of researched books were classified according to ISCO. Findings: Final results show that in social story books, “expert” group with 38.9 percent had maximum frequency and “personnel of office affairs” group with 4.1 percent has minimum frequency. Also in social science books, “expert” group with 48.2 percent had maximum frequency and “personnel of office affairs” and “simple workers” groups with 2.1 percent had minimum frequency. (Armed forces group statistic is zero in all tables.) Conclusion: This research shows that in the studied books, all of jobs have not been introduced. More attention on expert groups in the studied books has more frequency and for the same jobs higher education is needed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
396 - Fundamental Labor Rights in the light of The European Court of Human Rights
Seyed Behnam Mehrdel کارن روحانی Iraj Rezainejad -
Open Access Article
397 - Use of Films in Dynamic Assessment and the Writing Ability of Iranian Deaf Children
Mojgan Rashtchi Maryam Laleh -
Open Access Article
398 - An Inquiry into Intersemiotic Translation of Children's Books: A Case Study of Illustration and Rendition
Nastaran Habibian Alireza Ameri -
Open Access Article
399 - A Study of Translators’ Approach in Dealing with Culture-specific Items in Translation of Children’s Fantasy Fiction
Asma Sabermahani Azita Ghazizade -
Open Access Article
400 - An Investigation into Norm Extraction with Regard to Domestication and Foreignization of Culture-Specific Items: A Case of Children’s Literature in the Past Four Years
mahtab zarezadeh Massood Yazdanimoghaddam -
Open Access Article
401 - A Sound Symbolic Study of Translation of Onomatopoeia in Children's Literature: The Case of '' Tintin''
Mehdi Zolfagharian Alireza Ameri -
Open Access Article
402 - راهبردهای ترجمه در ترجمه انگلیسی به فارسی ادبیات کودک بر اساس الگوی کلینگبرگ
Alireza Bahremandاین تحقیق در پی شناسایی راهبردهای ترجمه اتخاذ شده توسط مترجم در ترجمه فارسی ادبیات کودک براساس الگوی کلینگبرگ (1986) بود. برای دستیابی به اهداف مطالعه ، یک طرح تحلیل محتوای کیفی انتخاب شد. مطالب مورد بررسی در تحقیق شامل 60 صفحه از رمان "قصه ها عوض می شوند" می شد ک Moreاین تحقیق در پی شناسایی راهبردهای ترجمه اتخاذ شده توسط مترجم در ترجمه فارسی ادبیات کودک براساس الگوی کلینگبرگ (1986) بود. برای دستیابی به اهداف مطالعه ، یک طرح تحلیل محتوای کیفی انتخاب شد. مطالب مورد بررسی در تحقیق شامل 60 صفحه از رمان "قصه ها عوض می شوند" می شد که توسط "سارا ملینوسکی" نوشته شده و ترجمه فارسی آن توسط سارا فرازی (2019) انجام گرفته است. به منظور گردآوری داده ها ، پس از انتخاب رمان انگلیسی و ترجمه فارسی آن، محقق و یک متخصص در ترجمه به طور کیفی متون اصلی و ترجمه ها را تجزیه و تحلیل کردند تا راهکارهای مورد استفاده در ترجمه های فارسی صفحات منتخب را شناسایی کنند. محقق پس از تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها دریافت که از راهکارهای زیر در ترجمه فارسی "قصه ها عوض می شوند" استفاده شده است: توضیح اضافه، حذف، بومی سازی و جایگزینی. علاوه بر این ، معلوم شد که پرکاربردترین راهبرد مورد استفاده در ترجمه جایگزینی بوده است. پیامد اصلی این مطالعه این است که مترجمان در ترجمه ادبیات کودک از راهبردهای مختلف بهره می گیرند تا از طریق سازگار کردن فرهنگ مبدا با مقصد، معنای درستی از متن مبدا ارایه دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
403 - Myth in Folk Tales of Children; A Case Study: Davīdam o Davīdam
Hafez Hatami Naqmeh ShokranehMyths, as the outdated religions and lifestyles, are present in individual and collective subconscious and have a deep and long-lasting relationship with literature and art. In fact, myth is a non-historical literature that can be seen in oral and written literature, pr MoreMyths, as the outdated religions and lifestyles, are present in individual and collective subconscious and have a deep and long-lasting relationship with literature and art. In fact, myth is a non-historical literature that can be seen in oral and written literature, prose and poetry, epics and so on. Children's literature which is rooted in popular culture and folk literature includes songs, folk tales, anecdotes and stories; the trace of myth can be seen in all of these cases. Folk tales, including delicate and entertaining themes with rhythmic prose and poetry, are part of children's literature. By using library-documentation method, the present article tries to analyze the folk tale "Davidam o davidam" (I ran and ran) and its mythical elements. In this way, the relationship between children's literature and myth is shown. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
404 - Psycho-Mythological Analysis of a Story of Children: The Study of the Horn that got Croup; Based on the Theory of Individuation
Amir Hossein Zanjanbar Ayoob MoradiJung considers psychoanalysis as archeology of human consciousness. On this basis, the term "archetype", which underlies the theory of the process of individuation, is derived from a combination of the terms archeology and typology. Individuation is the archetype of psy MoreJung considers psychoanalysis as archeology of human consciousness. On this basis, the term "archetype", which underlies the theory of the process of individuation, is derived from a combination of the terms archeology and typology. Individuation is the archetype of psychological development which is involuntary, gradual, regular and strong. It consists of a chain of archetypes such as shadow, persona, wise old man, anima. The goal of the process of individuation is the conscious integration of the components of this archetypal chain in the form of a single archetype called "self". Jung's psycho-mythological analysis is based on the discovery and interpretation of archetypes, and in the present research, we use this method of analysis to recognize and interpret archetypes related to the process of individuation in the story The horn that got Croup, written by Hamed Habibi and illustrated by Alireza Goldooziyan. We are also looking for an answer to the question of how the archetypes of psychological development are represented in the text and images of the story. The innovation of the research is that it examines the theory of individuation in a text composed of text and image. In other words, it considers the interaction of archetypes related to individuation in the verbal and visual text. The results show that the pattern of identification in such stories is the reproduction of the archetype of individuality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
405 - The Story of the Tree and The Child of the People and the Myth of Medusa: A Comparative Study Based on the Theory of Castration Anxiety
Amir Hossein ZanjanbarFreud believes that myths, like dreams, are the symbolic representations of repressed sexual desires and the result of castration anxiety, and on this basis, he offers psychological-mythological reading of the archetype of " Medusa's head". He explains the works of art MoreFreud believes that myths, like dreams, are the symbolic representations of repressed sexual desires and the result of castration anxiety, and on this basis, he offers psychological-mythological reading of the archetype of " Medusa's head". He explains the works of art based on the theory of castration anxiety, and believes that psychological stories, like psycho-biographies, can be analyzed from psychoanalytic point of view. In the present article, the short story of The Tree and The Child of the People, by Abdolmajid Najafi, a psychological story, has been compared with the myth of Medusa, and a psychoanalytic reading of these two texts has been made. The purpose of this comparison is to show that both the myths and the contemporary child and adolescent stories are projections of human inner psyche. The article seeks to answer how castration anxiety is represented in the story of The Tree and The Child of the People and the myth of Medusa. The research, at first by using analytical-descriptive method, decodes the story, and then compares its theme with the psychological characteristics of Medusa from Freudian point of view. The results show that the theme of phallic stage, as one of the stages of psychosexual development, has always been present throughout history, from the myths made by primitive humans to the contemporary stories of children and adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
406 - Forough Farroukhzad: The Poet of Emotion and Failure
A. Baghi Nezhad Perhaps in Persian literature Forough Farroukhzad is the first female poet who has spoken of her feminine emotions. Feelings have merged with her poetry, giving it a new and unprecedented potentiality. She, in her poetry, has made a great use of her feminine fee More Perhaps in Persian literature Forough Farroukhzad is the first female poet who has spoken of her feminine emotions. Feelings have merged with her poetry, giving it a new and unprecedented potentiality. She, in her poetry, has made a great use of her feminine feelings and skills. In this way, she has acquired a new poetic understanding and a specific language use as well. Forough gets the themes of her poetry from both the realities and her own life experiences. She has skillfully blended her own life story as a woman with those of every single woman in her native land. Shortly after accomplishing her first three works namely ASEER (the Captive), Esian (the Rebellion), and DIVAR (the Wall), she did manage to broaden her views and deepen her emotions and hereby made herself a great poet with humanistic desires. She can also be regarded as a social critic. Human beings in her poetry have feminine nature in general. Her poetry is full of sensibility and emotions bearing specific courage, frankness and sincerity. This article, while presenting some of her poems, tries to review the realization of emotions and feminine features in Forough Farroukhzad poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
407 - Investigate of Perceived Stress in Divorced Adolescent Girls: A Qualitative Study
beigard nasrollahi Hossein keshavarzafshar Keyvan Salehi fahimeh bahonarThe aim of this study was to investigate the perceived stress of divorced adolescent girls. The research method was phe- nomenological qualitative. The study population consisted of 17 girls under 18 years of age who were selected based on purposive sampling for semi-st MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the perceived stress of divorced adolescent girls. The research method was phe- nomenological qualitative. The study population consisted of 17 girls under 18 years of age who were selected based on purposive sampling for semi-structured interviews and continued until data collection was saturated. The Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data. Data analysis led to the identification of 3 main themes and 53 sub-themes. The results showed that the sources of stress, positive and negative coping strategies, and the consequences of high stress in girls as the three main themes have a wide range. Therefore, divorce, while disrupting the psychological-emotional balance of family members, causes stress about the future lives of people. In such a way that negative strategies and consequences can overshadow their future and endanger their physical and mental health. According to the results of the research, the need for supportive counseling interventions for this spectrum is felt Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
408 - Explaining the parents coping styles with children negative emotions (CCNE) based on the characteristics temperament and character, considering the mediating role of emotion regulation among parents with autistic children
Fereshte Babaei Mehdi Tavallaei alireza sharifi ardani Rayyan RajabiThe purpose of this study was to identify the mediating role of life management strategies in the relationship between generativity-stagnation with subjective well-being in the middle age period. The research method was correlation and the statistical population of the MoreThe purpose of this study was to identify the mediating role of life management strategies in the relationship between generativity-stagnation with subjective well-being in the middle age period. The research method was correlation and the statistical population of the research consisted of all middle-aged citizens of Kermanshah 200 individuals (127 men and 73 women) were selected by voluntary sampling method and responded to four instruments of subjective well-being (Keyes, Shmotkin & Ryff, 2002), Loyola generativity scale) McAdams & de St Aubin, 1992), stagnation scale (Bradley,1997), life management Strate- gies scale (Baltes et al.,1999). For data analysis, we used path analysis. The results showed that generativity has a direct relationship with life management strategies stagnation has an opposite relationship with life management strategies and life management strat- egies have a direct effect on subjective well-being. Also, the results showed that life management strategies can act as a mediator in the relationship between generativity- stagnation and subjective well-being. As a result, considering the importance of subjective well-being in the middle-aged, psychologists can take a step towards increasing the quality of this period by relying on the two variables of generativist- stagnation, and life management strategies and trying to improve and modify them in the middle-aged and performing interventions and treatments in the society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
409 - The Mediating Role of Emotional Regulation in the Relationship Between Traumatic Childhood Experiences and Maternal Reflective Functioning 
Shahnaz Ahmadi Mohtaram NemattavousiThis study was done with the aim of determining the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between child- hood traumatic experience and maternal reflective functioning. The statistical population included the mothers who visited safe houses in the ci MoreThis study was done with the aim of determining the mediating role of emotional regulation in the relationship between child- hood traumatic experience and maternal reflective functioning. The statistical population included the mothers who visited safe houses in the city of Tehran in 2021. By the convenient method, 312 mothers were selected using the convenience sampling method and the participants answered the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (Luyten et al., 2017), childhood trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al.,2003), and difficulties in emotion regulation scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). The results of the path analysis test indicated that traumatic childhood experiences were able to explain 63% of the variance in emotional regulation diffi- culties. Moreover, traumatic childhood experiences and difficulties in emotion regulation were respectively able to explain 65, 25, and 32% of the variance of the subscales of the pre-mentalizing modes, the certainty of mental states, interest, and curiosity mental states of maternal reflective functioning. These findings indicate that emotional regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between traumatic childhood experiences and maternal reflective functioning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
410 - Quality of Mother–Child Relationships and Anxiety Syndrome in Preschoolers
Mohammad Karim Khodapanahi Saeed Ghanbari Hossein Nadali Parisa Seyed MousaviThe relationship between the components of mother-child relationship with anxiety syndrome in preschool children was investigated. 291 females selected by cluster sampling method from a group of mothers with children aged 2-6 years old in Tehran completed the Preschool MoreThe relationship between the components of mother-child relationship with anxiety syndrome in preschool children was investigated. 291 females selected by cluster sampling method from a group of mothers with children aged 2-6 years old in Tehran completed the Preschool Anxiety Scale (Spence et al, 2001) and Child-Parent Relationship Scale (Pianta, 1992). The results obtained from regression analysis and correlation showed that positive relationship of mother-child was a negative predictor of the social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the fear of physical injuries. Whereas conflict in mother-child relationship was a positive predictor of anxiety symptoms, especially generalized anxiety, social anxiety disorders and fear of physical injuries. Also, the dependence of mother-child positively predicted anxiety syndrome, in particular separation anxiety. The implications of mother-child relationship in the assessment of children's welfare, especially in clinical contexts and the need for formulation and implementation of treatment profiles by child clinicians were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
411 - Kindergarten inventory of social/emotional tendencies:a cross-validation study
Parirokh Dadsetan Ali Asgari Susan Rahimzade Maryam BayatThe psychometric properties of the Persian translated of Kindergarten Inventory of Social/ Emotional Tendencies (KIST; Miller, Michie & Miller, 1997) were studied, using cross-validation method. A sample of 1435 children (767 boys and 668 girls) aged 5-6 years old-w MoreThe psychometric properties of the Persian translated of Kindergarten Inventory of Social/ Emotional Tendencies (KIST; Miller, Michie & Miller, 1997) were studied, using cross-validation method. A sample of 1435 children (767 boys and 668 girls) aged 5-6 years old-were randomly selected from Tehran kindergartens and preschools and assigned into two groups (sample A=725, sample B=710). The mothers of sample group filled out the KIST (50 items rated from zero to 5). Results of exploratory factor analysis using oblique rotations showed that by combining KIST’s two original subscales of Hyperactivity/Inattentiveness and Maladaptive Behaviors and omitting the Sleep behavior subscale, the Persian version of KIST consisted of six factors: 1) Hyperactivity-Maladaptive behaviors, 2) Social skills, 3) Communications skills, 4) Daily living skills, 5) Eating behavior, and 6) Separation anxiety smptoms. These factors accounted for 40.2% of the variance. The fit indices of CFA confirmed the cross validity of the inventory. Significant positive coefficients between the KIST total score and the teacher scores (r=0.35) confirmed the convergent validity. KIST's significant negative coefficients with the Children Behavior Checklist (-0.32) and Teacher Report Form (-0.33) of Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (Achenbach, 1991) confirmed the divergent validity. The theoretical bases of extracted factors are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
412 - The Mediation Roles of Self-System Processes and Academic Emotions in Relationship between Autonomy Supportive Environment and Academic Engagement
Farideh Yousefi Maryam Bordbarpurpose of present study was to investigate the mediating roles of self-system processes and academic emotions in the relationship between autonomy supportive environment and academic engagement. The sample consisted of 461 Shiraz University students. The research instr Morepurpose of present study was to investigate the mediating roles of self-system processes and academic emotions in the relationship between autonomy supportive environment and academic engagement. The sample consisted of 461 Shiraz University students. The research instruments included academic engagement questionnaire (Reeve, 2013), basic psychological needs scale (Gagne, 2003), autonomy supportive environment questionnaire (Assor et al, 2002 & Assor 2012), hope scale (Pekrun et al, 2002), curiosity questionnaire (Litman et al, 2010), and empathy questionnaire (Vossen et al, 2016). The findings showed that autonomy supportive environment had direct effects on self-system processes and academic engagement and an indirect effect on academic engagement by mediating of self-system processes and academic emotions. Autonomy supportive environment had an indirect effect on academic emotions by mediating of self-system processes. Self-system processes had direct effects on academic emotions and academic engagement, furthermore by mediating of academic emotions had an indirect effect on academic engagement. Academic emotions had a positive and significant effect on academic engagement. Accordingly, self-system processes and academic emotions played mediating roles in relationship between autonomy supportive environment and academic engagement Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
413 - The Effectiveness of Problem Solving Skills Training on Parent-Child Interaction
Mohsen Shokoohi Yekta Ali Sharfi Negin Motamed Yeganeaim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of problem-solving skills training in parent-child relationships. The study design was quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test without control group. The sample consisted of 61 mothers of children ages between 4 and Moreaim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of problem-solving skills training in parent-child relationships. The study design was quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test without control group. The sample consisted of 61 mothers of children ages between 4 and 7 years. Trained psychologists conducted the problem solving skills training two hours a session for nine weeks (one session per week). To evaluate the effectiveness of the training, the Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation Scale (Robert, 1961) was used. Repeated measurement procedure was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the Raising a Thinking Child workshops decreased over-protectiveness and child rejection, and increased acceptance and improved mother-child relationships. There was not any significant difference in over-indulgence. Given the important role parents play in the development and socialization of children and the findings of this study, it can be concluded that problem-solving skills training will improve the interactions among family members, especially between parents and children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
414 - The Assessment of "Self-Object" Representations of Parents in Iranian Culture
Tayebeh Shahmoradifar Parviz Azad Fallah Hojatollah FarahaniThe purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of object relationships index of Iranian parents, based on the perspective of object relationships. In this qualitative research, the evaluation was performed on 15 people considering the inclusion and exclusion crit MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of object relationships index of Iranian parents, based on the perspective of object relationships. In this qualitative research, the evaluation was performed on 15 people considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected using clinical interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis. To prove the validity and accuracy of the data, four criteria of credibility, dependability, confirmability, transferability, and triangulation method were used. By analyzing the data, three comprehensive themes of self, other, and communication (6 organizer themes and 33 basic themes) were ob- tained. The obtained comprehensive themes can be explained based on the object relationship perspective, which emphasizes that the individual's experiences with the first caregivers are internalized in childhood and are repeated in the individual's subsequent relation- ships. In other words, parents unconsciously repeat these experiences in relation to their children. The findings of this study emphasize that parents' conflicts with their children cannot be explained solely on the basis of their current relationships, and the root of these problems should be traced to "self-subject" representations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
415 - Autobiographical memory and early schemas of abused children prediction of quality of life
Tahere Mohammadi Mohammad Ali Mazaheri Mahmood Heidarihe purposes of this study were to compare autobiographical memory, early schemas and the quality of life between abused and non-abused children and to predict their quality of life. Fifty boys and girls aged between 8 and 12 who according to school authorities reports w Morehe purposes of this study were to compare autobiographical memory, early schemas and the quality of life between abused and non-abused children and to predict their quality of life. Fifty boys and girls aged between 8 and 12 who according to school authorities reports were physically abused by their family members, and 50 children without history of abuse were selected using convenience sampling from 16th district of Tehran. Each group consisted of 25 Iranian and 25 Afghan children. The participants completed the Autobiographical Memory Task (AMT, Williams & Broadbent, 1986), the Schema Inventory for Children (Rijkeboer & deBoo, 2009), and the Kidscreen-27 (European Public Health Perspective, 2004). The data were analyzed by multivariate chi-square, t-test and multiple regression. The results indicated that 1) child abuse was not related to the type of memories by children, though it was associated with more nonspecific memories in positive and neutral words, 2) there were significant differences between two groups in schemas and quality of life, and 3) schemas could predict quality of life. The findings suggested the role of schemas in identifying at-risk children and controlling their conditions of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
416 - Family Emotional Involvements and the Quality of Adolescents' Relationship with Peers: The Mediating Role of the Quality of Parent-Child Interactions
Rojien Moradifard Mohamad Sajjad Seydi Fahimeh ZeinaliThis Study aimed to investigate the mediating role of parent-child interactions in the relationship between family emotional involvement and the quality of adolescents' relationship with peers in Kermanshah. This was a correlational study and the statistical popula MoreThis Study aimed to investigate the mediating role of parent-child interactions in the relationship between family emotional involvement and the quality of adolescents' relationship with peers in Kermanshah. This was a correlational study and the statistical population included 55 thousand students in Kermanshah in the academic year of 95-96. Then 240 students were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method and completed the Family Emotional Involvement and Criticism Scale (Shields, Franks, Harp, Campbell, & McDaniel, 1994), the Index of Peer Relations (Hudson, Norius, Dolly & Newsham, 1990), and the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (Barnes & Olson, 1982). Data were analyzed by path analysis. The results showed that among direct paths, only the path coefficient of the intensity of emotional involvement to the relationship with peers was not significant. The quality of parent-child interactions played a mediating role in the relationship of family emotional involvements and perceived blame with the quality of relationship with peers. Thus, it can be concluded that by enhancing open exchanges and expressing emotions in the family environment, the quality of the relationship between adolescents and their peers can be improved. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
417 - Psychometric Properties of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale (Teacher Form)
Saeed Ghanbari Rahim Rabieenejad Parisa Ganje Sanaz Khoramzadehthe present study examined psychometric properties of teacher form of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale (Spense & Rapee, 2001) among a sample of 4-6 year old children of Ahvaz city. One hundred and fifty children from care centers of four areas of Ahvaz were selected Morethe present study examined psychometric properties of teacher form of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale (Spense & Rapee, 2001) among a sample of 4-6 year old children of Ahvaz city. One hundred and fifty children from care centers of four areas of Ahvaz were selected by multi-stage sampling. The children’s teachers completed the Teacher Form of Preschool Children Anxiety Scale and the Teacher Report Form of the Conner’s Child Behavior Checklist (Conner, 1999). The exploratory factor analysis with principal component and varimax rotation led to extraction of five factors, including general anxiety, social anxiety, fear of physical injury, separation anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive. The results indicated good psychometric properties of the teacher form of Spence Preschool Children Anxiety Scale. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
418 - The Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Life Skills Training on Mental Health
Haidar Ali Hooman Kamran Ganji Ahmad Omidifarthe aim of the present research was to conduct a meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of life skills training on the mental health of school children and university students. Twenty seven Iranian studies from 2001 to 2012 comprising of 3089 participants were used i Morethe aim of the present research was to conduct a meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of life skills training on the mental health of school children and university students. Twenty seven Iranian studies from 2001 to 2012 comprising of 3089 participants were used in the meta-analysis. Data was analyzed using standardized mean difference effect size method or Cohen’s d (1988) for fixed effect model. Findings indicated that the mean of mixed-model of effect size for fixed effect model and for random effect model were significant, respectively 1.834 and 3.117(P<0.001). Since the effect sizes were heterogeneous, moderating variables were searched. The results indicated that in terms of research designs and gender there were no significant differences between effect sizes across the studies. However, in terms of age and number of life skills training there were significant differences between effect sizes across the studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
419 - the effectiveness of resilience training on psychological well-being of female street children with externalizing disorders
Marzieh Dousti Masoumeh PourmohamadrezaTajrishi Bagher GhobariBonabhe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of resilience training on psychological well-being of street female adolescents with externalizing disorders. In this semi-experimental study, 94 female adolescents aged between 12 and 16 who were the members of the Morehe present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of resilience training on psychological well-being of street female adolescents with externalizing disorders. In this semi-experimental study, 94 female adolescents aged between 12 and 16 who were the members of the Society for Defending Street and Working Children in Tehran completed the Achenbach Self-Report Scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Thirty adolescents with 63 and higher scores on the Achenbach Self-Report Scale were selected randomly and assigned into either experimental or control group. The experimental group received 15 weekly sessions of Resilience Training. Both experimental and control groups completed the Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (RPWB; Ryff & Keyes, 1995) before and after the training sessions. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results indicated that experimental group had higher scores in all components of psychological well-being than the control group except for autonomy. The findings suggest that the resilience training program increases the psychological well-being of female street addescents with externalizing disorders Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
420 - Gender, Age, and Socioeconomic Status Differences in Children’s Religious Beliefs
Razieh Nasirzadeh Masoud H. ChariInterviews and drawings of 122 Iranian children, aged 6 to 11, about religious beliefs and concepts (e.g., God) were examined. The results showed that, children painting God’s image used light more than any other symbol. During free associations, children mentione MoreInterviews and drawings of 122 Iranian children, aged 6 to 11, about religious beliefs and concepts (e.g., God) were examined. The results showed that, children painting God’s image used light more than any other symbol. During free associations, children mentioned God’s benevolence more than other attributes. Girls mostly depicted God in the form of symbols, while boys drew God more human-like. In describing God's deeds, 6 to 7 year olds mentioned the more positive and neutral aspects, 9 to 10 year olds noted God's omnipotence, and 10 to 11 year olds spoke mainly of the negative. Children from low socioeconomic status primarily prayed in times of need and on special occasions. Whereas, those with high socioeconomic status preferred praying in particular places and regularly. Implications in teaching religion and its related concepts are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
421 - The Effect of Teaching Communication Skills to Mothers of Children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder on Enhancement of Parent-Child Interaction
Hamed Maghrebi Sinaki Saeed Hassanzadeh AliAkbar Arjmandnia Mojgan Khademi T The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of communication skills training to mothers of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on enhancement of parent-child interaction. Twenty six mothers who had 6-12 year old chil More T The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of communication skills training to mothers of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on enhancement of parent-child interaction. Twenty six mothers who had 6-12 year old children with ADHD were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned into either experimental or control group. The participants completed the Pianta Parent-Child Interaction Scale (1994). The experimental group received 8 sessions of the communication skills training. The results indicated that the communication skills training had significant effect on enhancement of parent-child interaction in the experimental group. The communication skills training reduced the conflict and dependence components and increased intimacy component. Given the importance of parents education in rearing children, communication skills training to parents of children with ADHD is necessary to improve parent-child interaction in this group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
422 - The Relationship between Mother-Child Attachment and Eating Problems: The Mediating Role of Child's Self-Regulation in Eating and Parental Nutrition Care
Omid Rahdan Shekoofeh Mottaghi Azadeh ChoobforoushzadehThe aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of child self-regulation in eating and parental nutrition care in the relationship between mother-child attachment and the child's eating problems. 248 mothers of 2-4 year-old children in the city of Shahrek MoreThe aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of child self-regulation in eating and parental nutrition care in the relationship between mother-child attachment and the child's eating problems. 248 mothers of 2-4 year-old children in the city of Shahrekord were selected through convenience sampling, and completed Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (Condon and Corkindale, 1998), Feeding Problem Questionnaire (Lewinsohn, 2005), Self-Regulation in Eating Questionnaire (Sherry and et al., 2004), and Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (Jansen,Williams, Mallan, Nicholson & Daniels, 2014). This research was a descriptive correlational study using structural equation modeling. Findings showed that parental nutrition care can fully mediate the relationship between mother-child attachment and eating problems. The effect of mother-child attachment through parental nutrition care on reducing child eating problems was 0.26. Mother-child attachment also had a positive significant relationship with self-regulation of eating, but the mediating role of self-regulation of eating in the relationship between mother-child attachment and eating problems wasn’t verified. According to the results, education specialists should pay a great attention to the importance and necessity of mother-child relationship as a determinant factor in children’s mental health and prevention of behavioral and eating problems in children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
423 - The Developmental Process of Types of Egocentrism Using Content Analysis of Children and Adolescents’ Books
Roghyeh BalaliThe development of different types of egocentrism were analysed on the basis of piagetian theory in the books published from 1996-1998 in four different age groups. The study was conducted through content analysis of a sample of 30 book titles selected from sources avai MoreThe development of different types of egocentrism were analysed on the basis of piagetian theory in the books published from 1996-1998 in four different age groups. The study was conducted through content analysis of a sample of 30 book titles selected from sources available at the Center for Intellectual Development of Children and Adolescents. Tabular and graphical representation of data were made using descriptive analysis. Results indicated: (1) In most books, specially those written by Iranian writers, different types of indirect egocentrism were portrayed, (2) Foreign writers have helped children to decentrate their egocentrism more than Iranian writers, (3) A very low level of inter-rated compatibility between judgments made by experts at the Supreme Council of Literature Research Documents could be attributed to the diverse view points of judges Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
424 - The mediating role of cognitive schemas in the relationship between family process and content with coping strategy styles
Iran Jalali Sirus Sarvghad Siamak SamaniIn order to determine the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas as related to family process and content and strategies for coping with parent-child conflict, 400 high school students (240 females, 160 males) in Shiraz city during the academic year of 2011-201 MoreIn order to determine the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schemas as related to family process and content and strategies for coping with parent-child conflict, 400 high school students (240 females, 160 males) in Shiraz city during the academic year of 2011-2012 were selected by multistage cluster sampling method and responded to the Organizational Conflict Inventory (ROCI-II; Rahim & Magner, 1995), Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (Young, 1999) and Family Process and Content Scale (Samani, 2009). Findings revealed no meaningful relationship between cognitive schema and family content components (except other-directedness with life atmosphere and fiscal resources) and family process (except religious beliefs). Also, a meaningful relationship was found between strategies for coping with parent-child conflict and family process components (excepting religious beliefs). Goodness of Fit Index derived from path analysis revealed the confirmation of the hypothesis regarding the model of relationship between family content with strategies for coping with mother-child conflict (except dominating) and strategies for coping with father-child conflict (except integrating, dominating and accommodating). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
425 - Effectiveness of drama therapy in reducing loneliness and social dissatisfacion
Asieh AnariThe effectiveness of drama therapy in reducing loneliness and social dissatisfaction among children was investigated. An elementary school in Tehran, Iran, was randomly selected and the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (LSCD; Cassidy & Asher, 1992 MoreThe effectiveness of drama therapy in reducing loneliness and social dissatisfaction among children was investigated. An elementary school in Tehran, Iran, was randomly selected and the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (LSCD; Cassidy & Asher, 1992) was administered to fourth and fifth graders (N = 104). Among those who completed the questionnaire, eight children receiving the highest scores on the LSDQ were selected as the sample. For six weeks, the sample group received twice per week two hour sessions of drama therapy. LSDQ was administered again after sessions of four, eight, and twelve. Results of repeated measures analysis showed that loneliness and social dissatisfaction scores had significantly decreased by the end of the intervention period. The implications of findings in prevention and treatment of loneliness and social dissatisfaction in children are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
426 - Social anxiety disorders and drama-therapy
Parirokh Dadsetan Asieh Anari Bahram Saleh SedghpourThis study investigated the effectiveness of dramatherapy in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder - including performance anxiety, performance avoidance, social anxiety, and social avoidance. 220 children (10-11 years old), enrolled in two elementary schools MoreThis study investigated the effectiveness of dramatherapy in reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder - including performance anxiety, performance avoidance, social anxiety, and social avoidance. 220 children (10-11 years old), enrolled in two elementary schools in Tehran, completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for Children and Adolescents (LSAS-CA; Masia-Warner, Klein, & Liebowitz, 2003). 32 children receiving the highest scores on the LSAS-CA were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental (N = 16) and a control group (N = 16). For six weeks, the experimental group received two 2-hour sessions of drama-therapy. The control group received none. The results showed a significant reduction of the symptoms among children in the experimental group as compared to the control group. A three-month followup replicated the findings. Clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of social anxiety disorders among children are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
427 - psychometric properties of the behavior rating inventory of executive functioning-perschool version(teacher form)
Ali Mashhadi Jafar Hassani Zarrin Barerfan Parisa Njafi Gol Sharareh Daneshvarhe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P; Teacher Form). Three hundred and ninety preschool children between ages two and five were sele Morehe aim of the present study was to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P; Teacher Form). Three hundred and ninety preschool children between ages two and five were selected using multistage random sampling from Mashhad in 2011-2012 academic year. The participants’ teachers completed the BRIEF-P. The reliability of the inventory was assessed by internal consistency and item-rest correlations. In order to investigate the validity of the inventory, factor analysis and concurrent validity were used. The Cronbach’s alpha and item-rest correlations indicated satisfactory reliability of the inventory and its subscales. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated five factor (inhibition, shift, emotional control, working memory, and planning/organization) and three factor (inhibitory self-control, flexibility and metacognition) models. Moreover, convergent validity of the BRIEF-P (teacher form) with the CBCL was satisfactory. The findings suggested that the BRIEF-P(teacher form) may be a useful tool in assessing preschoolers’executive functioning and can be used in Iranian psychological research and clinical settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
428 - Maternal mental states input and children social behavior:the mediator role of theory of mind
Maryam Bordbar Razieh Sheikholeslami, PhDThe purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of theory of mind in the relationship between mother’s mental states input in daily conversations and children social behavior. The sample consisted of 208 preschool children, their mothers and their te MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of theory of mind in the relationship between mother’s mental states input in daily conversations and children social behavior. The sample consisted of 208 preschool children, their mothers and their teachers from the city of Shiraz. The research instruments were the Theory of Mind Tasks Battery (Wellman & Liu, 2004), the Maternal Mental States Input Inventory (Peterson & Slaughter, 2003), and the Children Social Behavior Subscale (Teacher form; Corrigan, 2003). The results of path analysis indicated that by mediating of theory of mind, the elaborated mental states input is a positive predictor of children’s social behavior, while non-elaborated non-mental states input predicted the children social behavior negatively. The findings suggested that the type of mother’s speech in daily conversations, by mediating of theory of mind, played effective role in children’s social behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
429 - The Effectiveness of Social Skills Training with Parents on Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms in Children
Leila Shirjang AmirHoshang Mahriar Hojatoallah Javidi Seyed Ebrahim HosseiniThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Brackley’s parent training program on reducing symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder among children of the Shiraz city. The present study was a semi-experimental research and a pretest-po MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Brackley’s parent training program on reducing symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder among children of the Shiraz city. The present study was a semi-experimental research and a pretest-posttest design with control group was applied. The statistical population consisted of 20 children aged 7 to 12 years who were referred to the counseling center of the Fars province education department due to behavioral problems, had oppositional defiant disorder symptoms based on clinical interview and Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4; Gadow & Sprafki, 1994), and assigned to experimental (10 subjects) and control (10 persons) groups through convenience sampling. The experimental group mothers were trained according to Barclay’s protocol for 8 sessions. The follow-up phase was performed two months after the intervention. Based on covariance analysis, Brackley’s parent training program has a significant effect on reducing the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. Also, the follow-up phase findings indicated that Brackley’s parent training was effective in controlling the symptoms of children’s oppositional defiant disorder. The results of this study indicate that, the intensity of oppositional defiant disorder in children can be reduced by teaching social skills to their parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
430 - Stability of Moral Emotion Attribution after Recall in Children: Happy Victimizer
Hamed Moslehi Shole AmiriThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of recall on moral emotional attribution change. In the base of available sampling method, the participants were 139 boys from six to ten years old from academic, sport, and religious classes and clubs in Isfahan. D MoreThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of recall on moral emotional attribution change. In the base of available sampling method, the participants were 139 boys from six to ten years old from academic, sport, and religious classes and clubs in Isfahan. Data were collected through two moral scenarios of Pushing (Nunner-Winkler & Sodian, 1988) and Stealing (Arsenio & Kramer, 1992) and interview with children and then analyzed by Chi Squire and Z- Test of paired ratios difference. Results indicated that recall changed moral emotional attributions from happiness to sadness. Thus, happy victimizer children respond based on emotional reaction, but recall helped them use the excellent self. This content has a special place in Islamic perspectives and children used it to be oriented from happiness to sadness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
431 - Emotional Development of Children with Autism based on Developmental, Individual Differences Model
Kobra Abazari Mokhtar Malekpour Amir Ghamarani Ahmad Abedi Salar FaramarziThis study aimed to investigate the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of Developmental, Individual Differences Model (DIR). Thirty autistic children were selected by non-random sampling from 3 autistic centers and 30 typical ch MoreThis study aimed to investigate the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder on the basis of Developmental, Individual Differences Model (DIR). Thirty autistic children were selected by non-random sampling from 3 autistic centers and 30 typical children were selected randomly from Tehran. The sample’s mothers completed the Functional Emotional Questionnaire (Greenspan, 2001). The parents of two groups were matched on socioeconomic status, age and education. The results indicated that there were significant differences between autistic and typical children in terms of 6 stages of emotional development: self- regulation and interest in the world, intimacy, two-way communication, complex communication, emotional ideas, emotional and logical thinking in their lower and previous ages (0-3/5). In the children’s current age, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the stages, except for the fifth & sixth stages in which emotional development of typical children were higher than children with autism. The lower emotional development of children with autism in the fifth & sixth stages might be due to the sensory processing, language, and vision defects in autistic children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
432 - Synthetic Research of the Aesthetic Education Studies Based on the Dimensions of Child Development
Nasrin Askari Mohammad Nourian Mahmood Abaeikoopaei The purpose of this study was a systematic study to provide a series of studies on the elements of aesthetic education based on the dimensions of child development. The study design was qualitative using the strategy of researching synthesis. Data analysis w More The purpose of this study was a systematic study to provide a series of studies on the elements of aesthetic education based on the dimensions of child development. The study design was qualitative using the strategy of researching synthesis. Data analysis was conducted using an analytical content analysis method with directional approach. In which recent research has been selected, categorized, and categorized in a systematic way. The surveyed community of related topics from 2000 to 2018 was published on prestigious domestic and foreign sites. Out of 59 papers, 41 samples were selected in a targeted way. First, theoretical foundations and main themes were extracted, coded and classified. The results represent the conceptual model, which has 19 categories related to goals, 18 categories of components and 19 categories of aesthetic education outcomes, which fall into four main categories of personality development, spiritual development, social development and cognitive development. The categories of imagination and accuracy in all aspects of transformation and other components are in some common dimensions.On this basis, it can be concluded that the teaching of aesthetic elements influences the development of children in different aspects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
433 - Marital conflict and the role of child temperament
Fatemeh Gharehbaghy Maria A.VafaieThis study examined the mediating and moderating role of child temperament in the relationship between marital conflict and the child's affective-behaviorals symptoms, physical and psychosocial health. 220 female and 193 male elementary school students (fifth grade) wer MoreThis study examined the mediating and moderating role of child temperament in the relationship between marital conflict and the child's affective-behaviorals symptoms, physical and psychosocial health. 220 female and 193 male elementary school students (fifth grade) were selected using stratified random sampling. Their mother were administered the O'Leary-Porter Overt Hostitility Scale (Porter & O'Leary, 1980), the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (Putnam, Ellis & Rothbart, 2001), and the Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form (Landgraf & Abetz, 1996). In addition, mothers and teachers of the students completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997). Regression analysis of data indicated that marital conflict and child temperment were predictors of child psychopathological symptoms and health. Marital conflict was positively correlated with negative temperament, and negatively correlated with positive temperament. The moderating role of child's positive temperaament and effortful control in marital conflict and child health was posited, as well as the mediating effect of child temperament in the relation between marital confict and child behavioral symptoms. The implications based on the research findings are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
434 - The effectiveness of sand play therapy on the reduction of the aggression in preschool children
Khodamorad Momeni Somaye KahriziIn order to investigate the effectiveness of sand play therapy on reducing the preschoolers’ aggression, a semi-experimental research design with pretest-posttest and a control group was used. Fifty-four preschool children with two standard deviations above the MoreIn order to investigate the effectiveness of sand play therapy on reducing the preschoolers’ aggression, a semi-experimental research design with pretest-posttest and a control group was used. Fifty-four preschool children with two standard deviations above the mean on the Aggression Questionnaire of the Children of Kindergartens (Vahedi, Fathi, Hoseini Nasab & Moqadam, 2008) were selected from preschools of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 2014. The sample were assigned randomly into either experimental and control group. The members of experimental group received 45-minute sand play therapy session individually for ten weeks. The results of the covariance analysis indicated that the sand play therapy significantly reduced children’s aggression. This change was maintained for 2 months. The findings suggest that the sand play therapy is effective in reducing the aggression symptoms of preschoolers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
435 - Comparing the Efficacy of the Behavioral Therapy methods with Speech Therapy on the Development of Children’s Communicative Skills
Shima Jarahi Hamid NejatThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral therapy with speech therapy approach in improving autistic children’s communication skills. Thirty children with autism were selected. Participation was voluntarily. The participants MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavioral therapy with speech therapy approach in improving autistic children’s communication skills. Thirty children with autism were selected. Participation was voluntarily. The participants assigned equally in three groups: Two experimental and one control group. The participants completed the Word Health Organization Communicative Skills Scale (1980). The study design was pretest- posttest. One of the experimental group received 12 session of pivotal response behavioral therapy (each 90 minutes) and the other experimental group received 48 sessions of melodic speech therapy (each 30 minutes). The results of analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) indicated that both pivotal response behavioral therapy and melodic speech therapy increased communication skills in the experimental groups in comparison with the control group. There was a significant difference between the pivotal response behavioral therapy and melodic speech therapy communicative skills development, with pivotal response behavioral therapy was more effective than melodic speech therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
436 - The Efficacy of Parent- Child Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention on Behavioral Problems of Physically Abused Children and Parental Practices
Mina Moein Eslam Mohamad Ali Mazaheri Karine Tahmasian Jalil FathabadiThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of parent- child focused cognitive- behavioral intervention on decreasing behavioral problems of physically abused children and improving parental practices. Twenty eight children aged 7-9 years from the Associa MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of parent- child focused cognitive- behavioral intervention on decreasing behavioral problems of physically abused children and improving parental practices. Twenty eight children aged 7-9 years from the Association for Protection of Working Children in Tehran and their mothers were selected by available sampling. Fifteen pairs of mother-child were assigned into the parent-child group and 13 mothers were assigned into the parent focused group. The mothers received 5 sessions of the combined parent-child cognitive- behavioral therapy package and the children received 8 sessions of the package. Posttest conducted at the end of the intervention. The study had a 2-month follow-up period. The mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach, 1991), the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (Frick, 1991) and the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (Milner, 1986). The data were analyzed by mixed ANOVA. The results indicated that the cognitive- behavioral intervention significantly decreased internalizing and externalizing problems. The scores of the poor monitoring and the corporal punishment subscales of the parental practices scale decreased but the scores of the child abuse potential subscale didn’t significantly change. Furthermore there were no significant differences between the effectiveness of the intervention on behavioral problems, parental practices and child abuse potential in both groups, which reflected the central role of mothers in child abuse interventions. By clarifying the role of child and parent in child abuse interventions, the findings suggested these interventions could be applied to clinical settings and may reduce the child abuse phenomenon.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
437 - Parenting stress and general health:a research on the relation between parenting stress and general health among housewife-mothers and nurse-mothers with young children
Parirokh Dadsetan Ali Ahmadi Azghandi Hamid Reza HassanabadiThis study aimed at testing a) the relationship between parenting stress and general health among the mothers with young children b) the employment buffer approach in a housewives who were selected randomly among MoreThis study aimed at testing a) the relationship between parenting stress and general health among the mothers with young children b) the employment buffer approach in a housewives who were selected randomly among mothers in the city of Rasht, responded to the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and then completed the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and a questionnaire including the statements for controlling some variables. There was a significant difference between parenting stress levels of both groups, but the difference between general health rates of both groups was not significant. However, the difference between the groups in depression sub-scale was significant. Analysis of multiple regression indicated that the main effect of parenting stress and the interaction effect of employment and parenting stress on general health were significant. But, the employment did not have a significant effect on general health. Results showed that employment, even in such stressful profession as nursing, moderates the negative effect of parenting stress on mothers’ health. Findings explain the harmful psychological and physical consequences of parenting stress and the importance of the stress experienced by mothers of young children. Findings also emphasize a need for planning supportive and preventive programs for mothers who experience job stress. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
438 - The Effectiveness of Parent-Child Story-Telling With Role Play on Creativity of Preschool Children
Sara Sadat Arabi Zanjani Ali Zadeh Mohammadi Parisa Sadat Seyed MousaviThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of parent-child story-telling with and without role-play on the creativity of preschool children. The study population included 4 to 6-year-old children and their mothers. The sample consisted of 42 preschool children ( MoreThis study aimed to compare the effectiveness of parent-child story-telling with and without role-play on the creativity of preschool children. The study population included 4 to 6-year-old children and their mothers. The sample consisted of 42 preschool children (24 girls and 18 boys), who were randomly assigned to three experimental, compare, and control groups. In order to gather data, the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (1998) was used in the three stages of evaluation of creativity. The results of the covariance analysis indicated that story-telling with role-play had efficacy on the creativity of children and according to the following tests had more efficacy than the story-telling without role-play. According to repeated measures analysis of variance, the efficacy of parent-child story-telling with role-play on general creativity and all its components was stable through time and the efficacy of parent-child story-telling without role-play on creativity was stable only in general creativity and the components of originality and elaboration. According to the results, the methods of parent-child story-telling with role-play can be used to increase the creativity of children, whether at home or educational places Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
439 - The Internalizing and Externalizing Behavioral Problems in Children: Birth Order and Age Spacing
Seyyed Abbas Satoorian Abbas Ali Haratian Karineh Tahmassian MohammadReza Ahmadi This causal-comparative study aimed to compare the children’s internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in terms of birth order and age spacing. Five hundred and thirty six elementary students and their parents were selected by multistage random More This causal-comparative study aimed to compare the children’s internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in terms of birth order and age spacing. Five hundred and thirty six elementary students and their parents were selected by multistage random cluster sampling from city of Yazd. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) and a demographic information form were used in the study. The results of the two-way analysis of variance indicated that the age spacing between siblings and birth order had significant impact on externalizing behavioral problems. The children with under two years age space had most problems of externalization. Furthermore, the fourth-born child onward and the firstborn child had the highest scores of externalizing problems, respectively. The findings suggested that 2-3 years of age space was appropriate and the behavioral problems of children in families with three children were lower than other groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
440 - childhood perceived attachment,image of god adaptation process and self-concept in a model of the mental health:a structural equation modeling
Asieh Nejat Fatemeh Shahabizadeh Bagher Ghobari Bonabthe aim of this study was to examine the role that childhood perceived attachment plays in God and self-concept adaptation process in order to develop a model for explaining mental health. Four hundred and thirty two students from Birjand university were selected by mul Morethe aim of this study was to examine the role that childhood perceived attachment plays in God and self-concept adaptation process in order to develop a model for explaining mental health. Four hundred and thirty two students from Birjand university were selected by multistage clustering method. The participants completed the God Image (Mazaheri et al, 2006), the Self Concept (Beck, 1978), the Attachment to Parent (Hazan & Shaver, 1986), and the Mental Health (Goldberg & Hiller, 1979) scales. Structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data. The developed model supported the adaptation hypothesis based on relation consistency between childhood perceived attachment and the image of God. Self concept as a consequence of adaptation process between the controller and kind image of God, and attachment to father indicated a significant effect on mental health. In contrast to father attachment, attachment to mother directly and indirectly, through adaptation process of the image of God, played a significant role in improving mental health, especially in decreasing depression, which suggested the importance of secure attachment to mother. Thus, not only considering the role of perceived attachment to parents in the adaptation process of image of God is important, but also formation of the adaptation process of image of God and self, play important role in predicting mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
441 - Parental bonding and mental health:the role of gender
Alireza Fazeli Mehrabadi Somayeh Mohamadi Shahrzad Izadpanah Naser Aghababaei Leyli Panaghi Fatemeh GhadiriI n order to examine the relationship between parental bonding and mental health 330 students (233 females, 97 males) of Shahid Beheshti University were selected. To assess parent-child relationship the Parental Bonding Inventory (Parker, 1979), and to assess mental hea MoreI n order to examine the relationship between parental bonding and mental health 330 students (233 females, 97 males) of Shahid Beheshti University were selected. To assess parent-child relationship the Parental Bonding Inventory (Parker, 1979), and to assess mental health the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hiller, 1979) was used. Results indicated that parental care negatively correlated with mental health, and parental overprotection positively correlated with mental health. Females reported better mental health and stronger parental care. Gender, directly and indirectly (through parental care) predicted mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
442 - Development of executive functioning in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and normal children:from perschool to the end of primary school
Ameneh Karamshaii Ahmad AbediThis study aimed to investigate the development of executive functioning in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and normal children. Four hundred and twenty children (210 normal children, 210 ADHD children) were selected using multistage cluste MoreThis study aimed to investigate the development of executive functioning in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and normal children. Four hundred and twenty children (210 normal children, 210 ADHD children) were selected using multistage cluster random sampling .The participants completed the Connors Parental Questionnaire (Connors, 1997) and the NEPSY Tower Test (Korkman, Kirk, & Kemp, 1998). The results of two ways analysis of variance indicated significant differences in executive functioning between normal children and ADHD children in different age groups. The ADHD children performances were significantly lower than normal children. The findings suggest that the developmental trend of executive functioning in normal children increase with age. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
443 - The Effectiveness of Training Protocol for Treating with Children of Divorce for Mothers and Children of Divorce Intervention Program on Emotion Management of Divorce Children
Maedeh Bazargan Akram Dehghani Zohreh RaeisiThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of training protocol for treating with children of divorce for mothers and children of divorce intervention program on the emotion management of divorce children. The method of the study was quasi-experimental with MoreThe aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of training protocol for treating with children of divorce for mothers and children of divorce intervention program on the emotion management of divorce children. The method of the study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up. From divorced mothers referring to a psychological clinic in Tehran for parenting education in 2021, 45 of them were selected by available sampling (Three groups of 15 people). The research instruments included the Emotion Regulation Checklist of Shields & Cicchetti (1998).The results mixed analysis of variance showed that adaptive emotion regulation and instability/negativity in the post-test and follow-up stages showed significant changes compared to the pre-test and in the instability/negativity variable, the child-specific intervention group showed significant results compared to the control group. However, no significant results were observed for the training protocol for treating with children of divorce for mothers. According to the results, it can be concluded that the child-specific intervention program for divorce children is effective on managing the emotions of divorced children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
444 - Theory of Mind Development and its Relation to Social Skills in Children and Adolescence with Visual Impairment
Ali Mashhadi Mahbobeh Hashemi Juzdani Homeira Hashemi BorzabadiThis study investigated the theory of mind development and its relation to social skills in children and adolescence with Visual impairment. Study population consisted of all students with visual impairment in Mashhad city. Using purposeful sampling, 43 children in four MoreThis study investigated the theory of mind development and its relation to social skills in children and adolescence with Visual impairment. Study population consisted of all students with visual impairment in Mashhad city. Using purposeful sampling, 43 children in four age groups (4, 7, 10 and 13 years old) were selected. To measure the theory of mind, two Tasks of False Beliefs (Task of Belief Prediction, Perner, & Wimmer, 1987; Task of Action Prediction, Wimmer, & Perner, 1983) were used. To assess social skills and behavioral problems, Social Skills Scale (teacher form; Gresham, & Elliott, 1990) was used. Research data were analyzed using the Chi square test, Pearson correlation coeffcient and logistic regression analysis. Significant relationships were found between the performance of the Action Prediction Task and the overall scores of social skills, and between the performance of both tasks (the Action Prediction Task and the Belief Prediction Task) and the overall scores of behavioral problems. The results also showed that verbal IQ and age predicted the performance of the Action Prediction Task. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
445 - Perceived childhood attachment,family functioning and relodious coping
Fatemeh Shahabizadeh Mohamad A. MazaheriThis study aimed to examine family functioning patterns as mediators between perceived childhood attachment to each parent (secure and insecure) and religious coping. Seven hundred and seventy students of Tehran universities were selected using multi-stage sampling. The MoreThis study aimed to examine family functioning patterns as mediators between perceived childhood attachment to each parent (secure and insecure) and religious coping. Seven hundred and seventy students of Tehran universities were selected using multi-stage sampling. The participants completed the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (Olson, Gorall, & Tiesel, 2004), the Religious Coping Scale (Pargament, Koeing, & Perez, 2000), and the Childhood Attachment to each Parent Scale (Hazan & Shaver, 1986). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results indicated that 1) Chaotically disengaged family fully mediated the relationship between insecure attachment to each parent and positive religious coping, 2) Adaptability cohesion family mediated the relationship between secure attachment to each parent and negative religious coping, 3) Insecure attachment to father had direct and indirect (through family adaptability and cohesion) effects on negative religious coping, and 4) Secure attachment to father had a direct effect on positive religious coping but attachment to mother didn't not have a direct effect on religious coping. These findings suggests that not only attachment history is important in understanding religious coping strategies but also family functioning plays an important role in this relationship. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
446 - Psychometric Properties of the Self-Esteem Inventory for Children
Raana Ravan Parsa Mohtaram Nemat TavousiThe study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (CFSEI; Battle, 2002). The inventory was administered to 600 students (300 girls, 300 boys) aged between 6 and 8 years. The participants were selected from public preschoo MoreThe study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (CFSEI; Battle, 2002). The inventory was administered to 600 students (300 girls, 300 boys) aged between 6 and 8 years. The participants were selected from public preschools, and from the first and the second grade of public primary schools located in northern and southern parts of Tehran using stage sampling method. The results of criterion validity, differential validity, and construct validity of the CFSEI were analyzed. To examine the convergent validity of the CFSEI, the Piers-Harris Children’s Self Concept Scale (PHCSCS; Piers, 1984) was used. The results indicated that CFSEI had a positive and significant association with the PHCSCS. To establish the divergent validity of the CFSEI, the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1998) was used. The results indicated that the CFSEI had a negative and significant association with the SCAS. Except for one question which didn’t have an acceptable coefficient of determination which was removed from the CFSEI, the validity of the CFSEI was confirmed. To establish the reliability of the CFSEI, split half, test-retest and Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 were used. The results indicated that the CFSEI had good reliability. The findings suggest that the CFSEI is a reliable and valid tool to employ with Iranian children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
447 - Preliminary Study of Developmental Progression of Clock Face Drawing in Children
Kamran Ganji Ali Delavar Rozita ZabihiThe purpose of this research was to study developmental progression of clock face drawing and conceptualization of time among the primary and middle school students of Tehran. One hundred and sixty students (106 males, 55 females; M=9, SD=1.5) without behavioral, emotio MoreThe purpose of this research was to study developmental progression of clock face drawing and conceptualization of time among the primary and middle school students of Tehran. One hundred and sixty students (106 males, 55 females; M=9, SD=1.5) without behavioral, emotional, mental, and pervasive developmental disorders, completed clock face drawing test (Cohen, et al ,2000). Conceptualization of time and construction of the clock face were assessed separately using Cohen and his colleague (2000) scoring system. The results indicated a gradual progression of the clock drawing and the concept of time from the age of eight onward. Results also demonstrated that the qualitative errors such as number reversals, spacing errors and erasing were common in ages seven and eight, but decreased gradually as the age increased. Given the pattern of the findings, linear progression in using the quarter of circle suggest that the neglect in children has developmental nature. In general, development of clock face drawing to a large extent parallels the frontal lobe maturation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
448 - Qualitative Analysis of the Factors Affecting Self-Esteem of Iranian Children
Fatemeh Ebrahimi Kazem Rasoulzadeh Tabatabai Saeed Ghanbari Karineh TahasianThis study aimed to analyze the factors affecting self-esteem of Iranian children. To achieve this goal, two sample groups were used, which included child psychologists and parents. The two groups were interviewed in a semi-structured interview and, after writing these MoreThis study aimed to analyze the factors affecting self-esteem of Iranian children. To achieve this goal, two sample groups were used, which included child psychologists and parents. The two groups were interviewed in a semi-structured interview and, after writing these interviews, open codes, classes and themes were extracted using qualitative content analysis method. Finally, in order to measure the Data strength, their content validity was calculated by Delphi method and CVR rate was obtained for each class. The results showed that the factors affecting children's self-esteem fall into three themes: Self-inheritance, relationship inheritance and system inheritance. Self-inheritance refers to personality and temperament factors, relationship means the dimensions of the child's parental relationship, and the system refers to environmental factors that include the child's system. All classes of these three themes, except for the class of accompanying disorders, in the theme of self-inheritance, were able to obtain at least the Minimum content validity. Understanding the factors affecting childs self-esteem can enable more effective intervention on this transdiagnosticstructure and improve children's mental health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
449 - Preliminary Properties of Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale (Parent Version)
Naeime Talaeinejad Saeed Ghanbari MohammadAli Mazaheri Ali AsgariThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale-ParentVersion (SAAS-P) (Hahn, Hajilian, Eisen, Winder, & Pincus, 2003) among 4-6 year old children. Three hundred and two preschool children selected MoreThe aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale-ParentVersion (SAAS-P) (Hahn, Hajilian, Eisen, Winder, & Pincus, 2003) among 4-6 year old children. Three hundred and two preschool children selected by available sampling from sixteen kindergartens in district 1 of Tehran, Iran. The children’s mothers completed the SAAS-P and the Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) (Spence, Rapee, McDonald, & Ingram, 2001). The reliability of the scale was examined usingthe internal consistency estimation. All subscales of the SAAS-P displayed moderate to high internal consistency (0.62 to 0.74). In order to investigate the validity of the scale, factor analysis and concurrent validity were used. Concurrent validity of the scale was supported by high correlation with the Preschool Anxiety Scale. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyse ssupported the four-factor model of the scale. The analyses of the psychometric properties suggested that the SAAS-P is a promising measure of separation anxiety that can be employed in clinical situations and to be used to screen children with separation anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
450 - Perceived childhood attachment,adult attachment and attachment to god
Mojgan Sepah Mansour Fatemeh Shahabizadeh Elaheh KhoshnevisThis study investigated the relationship between three attachment styles : perceived childhood attachment, adult attachment, and attachment to God in the Islamic society of Iran. 193 high school students were selected by cluster sampling method and completed the measure MoreThis study investigated the relationship between three attachment styles : perceived childhood attachment, adult attachment, and attachment to God in the Islamic society of Iran. 193 high school students were selected by cluster sampling method and completed the measures of Attachment to God (Rowatt & Kirkpatrick, 2002), Adult Attachment Styles (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), and Perceived Childhood Attachment to Each Parent (Hazan & Shaver, 1986). Results indicated that insecure attachment to parents, insecure adult attachment, and insecure attachment to God were positively correlated with each other. Secure attachment to parents was positively related to secure attachment to God. The quality of relationship with God and attachment to parents in adulthood are discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
451 - The Effectiveness of Group Story–Based Social Skills Training on Children Externalizing Behavior Problems
Neda Yahya Mahmoudi Ashkan Naseh Sirus Salehi Taher Tizdastthe purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of group story–based social skills training on children externalizing behavior problems. Two hundreds and sixty seven mothers completed the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach & Rescorla Morethe purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of group story–based social skills training on children externalizing behavior problems. Two hundreds and sixty seven mothers completed the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001/2005). Forty eight students with high scores on the CBCL were selected and randomly assigned to either an experimental group (N = 24) or a control group (N = 24). Experimental group received eight story-based social skills training sessions for four weeks. Control group did not receive any training in this period. The data were analyzed using multiple covariance analyses. In contrast to the control group, experimental group demonstrated significant reduction in aggressive and rulebreaking behaviors by the end of the course. The findings of this study may be of practical importance for prevention and treatment of‎children’s‎externalizing behavior problems in clinical settings and schools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
452 - The effectiveness of behavior management training on perental stress of autistic children,s mothers
Karineh Tahmassian Razieh Khorram Abadi Narges ChimehThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent behavior management training program in decreasing parental stress of mothers with autistic children. Based on semi experimental design, 30 mothers with autistic children were selected and divid MoreThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent behavior management training program in decreasing parental stress of mothers with autistic children. Based on semi experimental design, 30 mothers with autistic children were selected and divided into two (experimental and control) groups. Groups were matched by children’s age and gender, and mother’s age and education. Participants completed Parental Stress Index (PSI; Abidin, 1990) in pretest, posttest and follow up phases. For six weeks, the experimental group received parental training (2 hours a week). The control group received no training. Repeated measure analysis indicated that parental training program reduced parental stress and enhanced coping to parental stress of autistic children. Clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of parental stress among mothers with autistic children were discussed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
453 - the effectiveness of attachment-based storytelling on reducing bedtime problems and enhancing child-mother relationship
Shayeste Shokoufefard Mohammad Ali Mazaheri Karine Tahmassianthis study investigated the effectiveness of attachment based storytelling on reducing children’s bedtime problems and enhancing child-mother relationship, and comparing this method with positive routines. The sample consisted of 30 children ages between four and Morethis study investigated the effectiveness of attachment based storytelling on reducing children’s bedtime problems and enhancing child-mother relationship, and comparing this method with positive routines. The sample consisted of 30 children ages between four and six years who complained about bedtime problem from Shiraz nursing homes using convenience sampling. The participants were randomly assigned into attachment based storytelling, positive routines, and control groups. The experimental groups received the training sessions. At the end of training sessions post-test was conducted. The participants’ mothers completed the Child Sleep Habit Questionnaire (Owens, Spirito, & McGuinn, 2000) and the Child-Parent Relationship Scale (Pinata,1992). The results of analysis of variance (repeated measures) indicated that while bedtime problems reduced in both the attachment based storytelling group and positive routines, it was in the attachment based storytelling group which the childmother relationship was enhanced significantly. The findings suggested that the clinical application of attachment based on storytelling not only reduced sleep problems but also improve mental and emotional health of the child and the family. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
454 - The role of child rearing training skills in reducing mothers stress and children,s behavioral problems
Seyyedeh Zeinab Farzadfard Heidar A. HoomanThe present research examined the efficacy of parenting skills training in preventing stress in a non-clinical sample of mothers, and in reducing behavioral problems among children of those mothers. The Parenting Stress Index (PSI; Abidin, 1990) was administered to a sa MoreThe present research examined the efficacy of parenting skills training in preventing stress in a non-clinical sample of mothers, and in reducing behavioral problems among children of those mothers. The Parenting Stress Index (PSI; Abidin, 1990) was administered to a sample of 198 mothers. 51 of those mothers who scored highest in PSI were chosen and randomly assigned to two experimental (N = 26) and control (N = 25) groups, and completed the Child Behavioral Checklist (Achenbach, 2001). Quanti- tative data were analyzed using pretest-posttest (ttest), correlation coefficient, and multiple covariance analyses. Results indicated that after intervention: a) mothers in the experimental group showed lower level of stress, as compared to mothers in control group, b) children of mothers in experimental group showed less behavioral problems than children of mothers in the control group Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
455 - The Effect of Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Based on Core Conflictual Relationship Theme on Improvement of Mother-Child Interactional Patterns
Tayebeh Shahmoradifar Parviz Azad Fallah Hojatollah FarahaniThis study aimed to investigated The Effect of Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Based on Core Conflictual Relationship Theme on Improvement of Mother-Child Interactional Patterns.The study was a quasi-experimental design. The participants included three mothers who live MoreThis study aimed to investigated The Effect of Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Based on Core Conflictual Relationship Theme on Improvement of Mother-Child Interactional Patterns.The study was a quasi-experimental design. The participants included three mothers who lived in Tehran. All three participants took part in a 12 session that administered as one hour sessions per week and experienced brief psychodynamic psychotherapy. The participant were assessed eight times (2 baseline assessments, 5 during therapeutic session assessments, and 1 follow up assessment) by the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Pianta, 2011) and the Maternal Caregiving Quality Scale (Ghanbari, Khodapanahi, Mazaheri, & Lavasani, 2012). Visual analysis Within condition and Between condition used to analyze the acquired information. The results revealed that the intervention improved the mother – child interactions. According to the research findings, many of the parent – child conflicts, rooted in the unconscious self-object mental representations of parents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
456 - Parenting Attitude to Literacy and Cognitive Skills in Preschool Children
Seyedeh Marjan Mazloom Sousan RahimzadehThis study was conducted with the aim of recognizing the role of parenting attitude to literacy in predicting cognitive skills in children between the ages of 5 years old to 5 years old and 11 months. 128 children (66 boys and 62 girls) were selected from Borazjan, MoreThis study was conducted with the aim of recognizing the role of parenting attitude to literacy in predicting cognitive skills in children between the ages of 5 years old to 5 years old and 11 months. 128 children (66 boys and 62 girls) were selected from Borazjan, through randomized cluster sampling method. The study design was correlational and the children completed two scales of Early Cognitive Skills (Hamnavay-e Avay-e Royesh, 1394) while their parents completed the Home Literacy Environment Scale (Hamnavay-e Avay-e Royesh, 1394). Data analysis indicated that home literacy environment has a positive correlation with early child’s cognitive skills. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that home literacy environment explains 24% of the variance of early cognitive skills (14%reading-writing skills and 10% math skills) in children, and the parent’s interest in reading subscale (from literacy environment scale) predicts 4% of children’s reading-writing skills. Findings emphasize on the importance of enriching family environment and awareness in increasing the early cognitive skills in preschoolers, and preventing educational downfall in each grade Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
457 - Storytelling and development of the concept of god in iarnian and lebanese children
Parirokh Dadsetan Omaime M. Aligh Kazem R. Tabatabaee Masoud Azarbaijani Maryam BayatThis research explored the effects of storytelling on the development of the concept of God in Iranian and Lebanese children. 238 (138 Iranian and 100 Lebanese) girls and 222 (107 Iranian and 115 Lebanese) boys 6-11 years old were randomly assigned to an experimental an MoreThis research explored the effects of storytelling on the development of the concept of God in Iranian and Lebanese children. 238 (138 Iranian and 100 Lebanese) girls and 222 (107 Iranian and 115 Lebanese) boys 6-11 years old were randomly assigned to an experimental and a control group. The experimental group received eight sessions of forty-five minute storytelling. The control group received none. Before and after all sessions of storytelling, clinical interview (Lawrence, 1965) was conducted to measure the concept of God. Analysis of covariance showed that storytelling had a positive effect on the development of concept of God and all its components. There were no gender and cultural differences in the total score of the concept of God; but Iranian children scored higher on the components of “existence of God” and “omniscience”. The Lebanese children scored higher in the “invisibility” component. Boys described God as more omnipotent than girls did. In the post test, boys in experimental group scored higher on the “nature of God” component than the girls and control group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
458 - Effectiveness of Mothers'Mindful Parenting on Emotional Regulation, Secure Child-Parent Attachment, and Aggression in Preschool Children
Elahe Aslami Akram Malekzadeh Nasrin PirmoradianThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mothers’ mindful parenting training on emotional regulation, secure child-parent attachment, and aggression of their preschool children. The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up MoreThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mothers’ mindful parenting training on emotional regulation, secure child-parent attachment, and aggression of their preschool children. The research was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with preschool children in Isfahan in the academic year 2019-20, from which 50 people were selected by stage random sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The research instruments included Aggression Scale for Preschoolers (Vahedi, Fathiazar, Hosseini-Nasab & Moghaddam, 2008), Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) (Shields and Cicchetti, 1997) and Kinship Center Attachment Questionnaire (Kappenberg & Halpern, 2006). The experimental group then received Boggles and Rastifo protocol (2014) in 8 sessions of 90 minutes of mindful parenting protocol. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that mothers’ mindful parenting training increased adaptive emotional regulation and secure attachment and decreased the instability of emotional regulation and aggression in their children. However, in the follow-up phase (5 months after the intervention), no significant difference was observed between the variables of the two groups, which can confirm the reholding of these courses in short intervals for parents. The findings of this research highlight the necessity of applying mindful parenting training programs to mothers in order to improve parent-child attachment relationships, and emotional regulation and reduce aggression in preschool children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
459 - The Relation of Attachment Styles and Parental Warmth to Child Depression: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem
Donya Norouzi Mehrnaz Ahmadi The aim of present study was to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in relevance between attachment styles and parental warmth with depression. The research design was descriptive-correlational. Participants consists of 205 female primary school students who More The aim of present study was to examine the mediating role of self-esteem in relevance between attachment styles and parental warmth with depression. The research design was descriptive-correlational. Participants consists of 205 female primary school students who were selected by convenience sampling method in 2018-2019 academic year. All students completed the attachment styles classification questionnaire (Ricky Finzi-Dottan, 2006), Child Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Rohner, 2007), Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventory (Battel, 2002), Children’s Depression Inventory (kovacs, 1992). Pearson correlation test results showed among depression with self-esteem, secure attachment styles and parental warmth had pos- itive relation and with insecure attachment styles had negative relation (P<0/001). Also among self-esteem with secure attachment style and parental warmth had positive relation and with insecure attachment styles had negative relation (P<0/01).findings showed that, 25 percent of the variance in self-esteem can be explained by parental warmth and attachment styles. Also, attachment styles, parental warmth and self-esteem are able to account for 52 percent of the variance in depression among female students. In the rela- tionship among attachment styles and parental warmth with depression, the self-esteem had a mediation role In general, the findings showed that by raising parenting skills and increasing self-esteem levels in children with avoidant attachment styles, depressive symptoms can be prevented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
460 - Mother’s Patience Components and Child Abuse Potential: The Mediation Role of Emotional Dysregulation
Marziyeh, Sadeghzadeh Fatemeh Behzadi Farhad KhormaeiThe purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of emotional dysregulation in the relationship between mother’s child abuse potential and components of patience. The sample consisted of 300 mothers in Bushehr, whose children were enrolled in the MoreThe purpose of this study was to determine the mediating role of emotional dysregulation in the relationship between mother’s child abuse potential and components of patience. The sample consisted of 300 mothers in Bushehr, whose children were enrolled in the pre-school in the year of 2017-2018. The participants were selected through targeted-sampling method and completed the questionnaires of Patience (Khormaee, Farmani & Soltani, 2014), Emotional Dysregulation (Bradley, DeFife, Guarnaccia, Phifer, Fani, Ressler & Wetsen, 2011) and, a short form of Child Abuse Potential Scale (Ondersma, Chaffin, & LeBreton, 2005). Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The findings showed the optimal fitness of assumed model and indicated partial mediation role of the emotional dysregulation components in the relationship between the mother’s patience and her child abuse potential. The direct and indirect effects of patience components on child abuse potential were discussed. The final model, in general, emphasizes on the importance of considering patience in the process of family trainings, especially mothers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
461 - Effectiveness of the coping cat therapy program in decreasing internalized symptoms of iranian children
Maryam Tehranizadeh Parirokh Dadsetan Kazem R. Tabatabaee Parviz Azad Fallah Ali Fathi AshtianiIn order to decrease internalized symptoms based on Coping Cat therapy program (kendall,1994), an experimental pretest and post-test with control group design was conducted. Sample group consisted of 80 (40 females and 40 males) third through fifth grades primary school MoreIn order to decrease internalized symptoms based on Coping Cat therapy program (kendall,1994), an experimental pretest and post-test with control group design was conducted. Sample group consisted of 80 (40 females and 40 males) third through fifth grades primary school students who were diagnosed to have internalized disorders based on Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) of Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA; Achenbach and Rescorla, 2001). The participants randomly assigned to two equally experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 16 individual therapy sessions. The post-test means of groups were compared by covariance and chart analyses. The results indicated that internalized symptoms significantly decreased, over 30% of participants passed from clinical to normal spectrum, and the Coping Cat program was effective in Iranian culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
462 - The Pattern of Road-Crossing Behavior of Children with Internalized and Externalized Behavioral Problems
Mahboobeh Hashemi Juzdani Zahra Tabibi Ali MashhadiThe current study aimed to investigate road crossing behavior of three groups of children, namely; typically-developing chil- dren, children with internalized problems and children with externalized problems. A total of 79 children aged 7.5 to 10 years in three groups o MoreThe current study aimed to investigate road crossing behavior of three groups of children, namely; typically-developing chil- dren, children with internalized problems and children with externalized problems. A total of 79 children aged 7.5 to 10 years in three groups of typically-developing children, children with internalized problems, and children with externalized problems voluntarily participated in the study. Tools included a pedestrian virtual reality environment (Schwebel, Gaines & Severson, 2007) to assess road-crossing behavior and Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale-Children and Adolescents (Barkley, 2012) to measure the deficits in executive functions. The results of MANCOVA with age and scores in BDEFS-CA as the covariates showed that children with internalized problems waited longer on the sidewalk than typically-developing children and children with externalized problems; they had more missed opportunities, and after a traffic gap, they started crossing with more delay. Children with externalized problems had more hits than typically-developing children. Compared to typically-developing children and children with internalized problems, children with externalized problems also exhibited less safe behavior when crossing the roads. Therefore, it’s necessary for the specialists of child traffic injury prevention programs to focus on behavior modification-based interventions, taking into account the pattern of street-crossing behavior of at-risk groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
463 - Maternal obsessive-compulsive disorder and an xiety in children
Zahra Sarami Sholeh Amiri Hamid Taher Neshat Doust Hossein MolaviThe present study examined the effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) on maternal obsessivecompulsive symptoms and child anxiety. A sample of 217 mothers of primary school children completed the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI; Rachman & Hodgson, MoreThe present study examined the effects of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) on maternal obsessivecompulsive symptoms and child anxiety. A sample of 217 mothers of primary school children completed the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI; Rachman & Hodgson, 1980), Nilipour Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (NOCI; Nilipour, 2000) and Ontario Child Health Scale (Boyle et al., 1993). Based on the highest scores in MOCI and NOCI scores and on DSM-IV diagnostic interviews, thirty two mothers were randomly assigned to an experimental and witness groups equally. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90-minute CBT. The witness group received none. MANCOVA revealed significantly lower mean scores in symptoms of OCD (p=0.00) among mothers after receiving treatment. Inspite of, Mothers’ obsession and children’s anxiety were correlated, the treatment of mothers did not improve children’s level of anxiety. A follow-up test conducted a month later did not reveal a change in maternal OCD scores and child anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
464 - Development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind:a study of false belief attribution to human .god,angel and magician
Roshanak Nickpour Bahram JoukarThis study aimed to investigate the development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind in children. The sample consisted of 150 children (79 females, 71 males) between the ages of 3 and 7 who were selected from Shiraz child-care centres and ki MoreThis study aimed to investigate the development of human and non-human agent concepts based on the theory of mind in children. The sample consisted of 150 children (79 females, 71 males) between the ages of 3 and 7 who were selected from Shiraz child-care centres and kindergartens. Two Tasks of False Beliefs (Doll House Task; Surprising Content Task) were administered individually to each child. The prediction of agents' behaviors was examined based on false beliefs. Results indicated that children predicted the behavior of magician (a non-human agent) similar to human agent. However, the results of other non-human agentsangel and God) were not consistent with those of Magician. In other words, according to children's views, these agents behave with the least false beliefs. In general, the results indicated that as the age increased, children predicted agent and non-agent behaviors in different ways. It is suggested that culture and family messages have considerable roles in predicting and distinguishing agents' behaviors. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
465 - The Effectiveness of Mother-Child Attachment-Based Intervention in Enhancing Preschoolers’ Attachment Security
Hosein Nadali Mohammad Ali Besharat Reza Rostami Hadi Bahrami EhsanThe present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the mother-child attachment-based intervention in enhancing preschoolers’ attachment security. From all mothers and children ages between 4 and 6 years who referred to Atieh Clinic, 28 mother-child dyads were MoreThe present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the mother-child attachment-based intervention in enhancing preschoolers’ attachment security. From all mothers and children ages between 4 and 6 years who referred to Atieh Clinic, 28 mother-child dyads were selected based on their attachment Q-sort scores (Waters, 1987) and the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were randomly assigned into either control or experimental group. The mothers received six sessions of group education, the children received 6 sessions of group play therapy, and next each mother-child dyad received 4 sessions of individual psychotherapy. At the end of the intervention, 12 mother-child dyads of the experimental group and 11 mother-child dyads of the control group were assessed using attachment Q-sort. The results of ANCOVA indicated that in addition to the general security, four subscales of the 1) exploration from a secure base, 2) smooth interaction with the caregiver, 3) indications of availability and responsiveness related expectations, and 4) distress and comforting were improved significantly in experimental group compared with the control group. The findings suggested that the attachment-based intervention may be effective in enhancing attachment security which have crucial developmental outcomes and can be applied to the clinical settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
466 - ,-%
Farideh Torabi MilaniThe purpose of this research was to assess self-help skills development in children aged 1-5 in Tehran’s preschools. 169 children from six preschools were randomly chosen from different districts and their 4 self-help skills of eating, dressing, personal hygiene a MoreThe purpose of this research was to assess self-help skills development in children aged 1-5 in Tehran’s preschools. 169 children from six preschools were randomly chosen from different districts and their 4 self-help skills of eating, dressing, personal hygiene and toileting were observed and evaluated by the Self-Help Skills Developmental Chart (Akers Sedjo, 1992). Results indicated that the distribution of children's scores in all age groups was normal, but on average these children did not meet the desired criterion. Findings were discussed in terms of the necessity of teaching parents and instructors about self-help skills development in children and the importance of early intervention programs in providing the opportunity to acquire primarily skills. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
467 - Effectiveness of Respectful Listening to Children Package on Mothers’ Psychological Well-Being
Nazanin Abed Shahla Pakdaman MohammadAli Mazaheri Mahmood Heidarithis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Respectful Listening to Children package on promoting mothers’ psychological well-being. Forty two mother- child dyads were selected by available sampling method from a preschool setting in Tehran. The lack of psych Morethis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Respectful Listening to Children package on promoting mothers’ psychological well-being. Forty two mother- child dyads were selected by available sampling method from a preschool setting in Tehran. The lack of psychological and behavioral disorders were examined in the participants: The children completed the CBCL (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) and the mothers completed the GHQ (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979).The participants were randomly assigned into either the experimental or control group. The mothers in both groups completed the Warwick- Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (2008) at three stages of pre-test, post-test ,and two-month follow up. The mothers in the experimental group received the respectful listening to children package. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance with mixed procedure (between groups and within groups). The results indicated that in pre-test stage scores of psychological well-being in the two groups were not so different whereas in post-test stage scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the control group, and the differences maintained after two month follow up. The findings suggested that interventions based on mother-child relationship, especially effective listening to children, may be used in promoting mothers’ psychological well-being, and in preventing future problems in children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
468 - Development of false memory in children
fatemeh Amadi Shole Amiri Yasamin AbediniThe aim of this research was to investigate the developmental trend of false memories among primary school students between the ages of 7 and 12. One hundred and seventeen students in the first-, third-, and fifth- grade were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Par MoreThe aim of this research was to investigate the developmental trend of false memories among primary school students between the ages of 7 and 12. One hundred and seventeen students in the first-, third-, and fifth- grade were selected by multistage cluster sampling. Participants were assessed using the basic and age-appropriate lists of the DRM paradigm (Roediger, & McDermott, 1995). The data were analyzed using multivariate of variance analysis (MANOVA). The results indicated that true recall, true recognition and false recognition of the basic lists, and true recall, false recall, and false recognition of the age-appropriate lists increased as the age increased. Also, the results indicated that the age-appropriate lists of DRM are more suitable than the basic lists for developmental study of false memory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
469 - The Effectiveness of Family Focused Cognitive Behavior Intervention on Family Accommodation and the Severity of Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Maryam Delavari Ali Mashhadi Ali Kimiai Mozhgan Khademi The present study examined the effectiveness of family education focused cognitive behavior therapy on reducing family accommodation, child OCD severity and functional impairment. The study design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control grou More The present study examined the effectiveness of family education focused cognitive behavior therapy on reducing family accommodation, child OCD severity and functional impairment. The study design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. With using Yale Brown Child OCD Scale (Scahill et al, 1997) twenty OCD children were selected and assigned into either experimental (n=10) or control (n=10) group. Then family accommodation scale (Calvocoressi et al., 1999) and child OCD impact scale (Piacentini, Bergman, Keller, McCracken, 2003) were administered. The experimental group received 12 family focused cognitive behavior therapy. During this period, the control group did not receive any intervention. All scales were performed as the post-test for both groups. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with repeated measurement. The results indicated that family accommodation, child OCD severity and functional impairment reduced significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group. Findings of this study by clarifying the role of family accommodation in the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder, will lead to a further contribution JIP Aug 2019 SS.docxof the application of the combined pattern of cognitive-behavioral therapy and family education in clinical settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
470 - the effectiveness of expressive art group therapy on interactive self-efficacy of foster children
Shiva ZarezadehKheibari Parvin Rafienia S. Mohsen Asgharinekahthe purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of expressive art group therapy on interactional selfefficacy of foster children. The research design was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest control group). The sample consisted of 28 primary school par Morethe purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of expressive art group therapy on interactional selfefficacy of foster children. The research design was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest control group). The sample consisted of 28 primary school parentless and mal-treated girls living in special centers for these children in the city of Mashhad using convenience sampling. The participants were assigned randomly into either experimental or control group. The participants completed the Children's Self-Efficacy for Peer Interaction Scale (Wheeler & Ladd, 1982) before intervention and one week after. The experimental group received expressive art group therapy for ten sessions (two 90 minutes sessions per week). The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that children of experimental group had better social self-efficacy in conflict situations and non-conflict situations than children of control group. The findings suggest that the expressive art group therapy may be contributed to the increase of self-efficacy in foster children Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
471 - The Effects of Mothers’ Mindfulness Training on Children’s Self-Efficacy
Mousa Riahi Masoomeh Esmaeili Somayeh KazemianThe present study aimed to examine the effects of mothers’ mindfulness training on children’s self-efficacy. Twenty four students were selected from high schools of Baharestan (a district of Tehran) in 2014 academic year using cluster sampling method. The pa MoreThe present study aimed to examine the effects of mothers’ mindfulness training on children’s self-efficacy. Twenty four students were selected from high schools of Baharestan (a district of Tehran) in 2014 academic year using cluster sampling method. The participants were randomly assigned into either control or experimental groups. The participants completed the General Self-efficacy Questionnaire (Scherrer et al., 1982). The mothers in the experimental group received mindfulness training for 120 minutes a session for eight weeks (one session per week). In this study, the pretest-posttest with a control group was used at a 90-day follow-up. The results of covariance analysis indicated that mothers’ mindfulness training increased the children’s self-efficacy (P<0.05). Given the present findings it is suggested that counselors and psychologists use group training of mindfulness for increasing children’s self-efficacy Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
472 - Validation and reliability of the wechsler intelligence scale for children-IV
Ahmad Sadeghi Mohammad Rabiee Mohammad Reza AbediThis study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) among students between the ages of 6 and 16 from Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari State. In order to examine the validity of WISC-IV, the Rave MoreThis study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children- Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) among students between the ages of 6 and 16 from Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari State. In order to examine the validity of WISC-IV, the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) (Raven, 1938) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R; 1974) were used. The validity results indicated significant correlations among WISC-IV, SPM, and WISC-R in related sections. The scale reliability was examined using test – retest and split-half methods. The split-half reliability coefficients of all subscales were adequate to very good. The test-retest reliability coefficients showed that all subscales except picture concepts were adequate to very good too. In addition of assessing IQ of individuals between the ages of 6 and 16, this scale can be used for diagnosing learning disorder, attention deficit disorder, brain injury, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
473 - Mediating Role of Self Esteem in the Relationship between Parent-Child Relationship with Empathy
Nina Sadeghifard Afsaneh Lotfi AzimiThis study aimed to determine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parent-child relationship and empathy. Participants comprised 295 secondary school students from Tehran, District 6 in the academic year of 1397-1389, selected by cluster samplin MoreThis study aimed to determine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between parent-child relationship and empathy. Participants comprised 295 secondary school students from Tehran, District 6 in the academic year of 1397-1389, selected by cluster sampling method. The participants completed the Adolescent Measure of Empathy and Sympathy (Vossen, Piotrowski, & Valkenburg, 2015), Self-Esteem Inventory (Coopersmith, 1990), and Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (Fine, Moreland & Schwebel, 1983). The results of the correlation test and path analysis showed that self-esteem has a positive relationship with empathy, and the parent-child relationship has a positive relationship with empathy and self-esteem in adolescents. Therefore Self-esteem plays a mediating role in the relationship between parent-child relationship and empathy. In general, findings show that the parent-child relationship forms and affects self-esteem. Due to its sanctity, the parent-child relationship is also related to empathy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
474 - The Relationship between Dimensions of Mother's Attachment and Mother's Reflective Functioning with Preschool Aggression: The Mediating Role of Child Abuse Potential
Fateme Talebian Sharif seyed Amir Aminyazdi Maryam BordbarThis study aimed to investigate the mediating role of child abuse potential in the relationship between dimensions of mother’s attachment and mother’s reflective functioning with preschool aggression. This study examined the relationships of the variables as MoreThis study aimed to investigate the mediating role of child abuse potential in the relationship between dimensions of mother’s attachment and mother’s reflective functioning with preschool aggression. This study examined the relationships of the variables as correlation research by path analysis method. The statistical population of the research included mothers with preschool children (4 to 6 years) in Mashhad. For this purpose, 337 mothers were selected through convenient sampling and were asked to fill the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (Luyten, Mayes, Nijssens & Fonagy, 2017), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins,1996), the Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory (Ondersma, Chaffin, Mullins & LeBreton, 2005) and the parent form of Preschool Aggression Scale (Vahedi, Fathiazar, Hosseini nasab & Moghadam, 2008) which were available online. The results of the path analysis, which confirmed the model fit, showed that attachment anx- iety has indirect effects on aggression through the path of pre-mentalization-child abuse potential. The indirect effects of attachment anxiety on preschool aggression through the certainty about mental states and curiosity in the mental states were also significant. Also, the only indirect effect of attachment avoidance on aggression was through child abuse potential. The research findings indicate the role of attachment and reflective functioning in identifying potentials related to mothers’ abuse potential and preschool aggression. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
475 - A Psychometric Analysis of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale
Sara Salavati Omid ShokriThe present study aimed to test psychometric properties of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC-Y; McDonald &Grych, 2006) among students between the ages of 9 and 11. One hundred and sixty two elementary school students (104 bo MoreThe present study aimed to test psychometric properties of the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC-Y; McDonald &Grych, 2006) among students between the ages of 9 and 11. One hundred and sixty two elementary school students (104 boys, 54 girls) completed the Young Children's Appraisals of Interparental Conflict Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth (BDI-Y; Beck, Beck, Jolly & Steer, 2005). The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to investigate the CPIC-Y factorial validity and internal consistency, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported three-factor structure of conflict properties, threat, and self-blame. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that multidimensional structure of CPIC-Y was an acceptable measurement model. The significant positive correlations of all three CPIC-Y scales with depression provided support for the CPIC-Y convergent validity. Internal consistencies of the CPIC-Y scales were good. The findings suggested that CPIC-Y was an appropriate measure for assessing specific dimensions of interparental conflict in a sample of Iranian children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
476 - the role of mother-child relationship and pain-related variables in the depression level of mothers with chronic illness
Ata Tehranchi Mohsen Dehghani Karine Tahmasian Hamideh Zareethe role of mother-child relationship and pain variables in inducing depression in mothers suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Low Back Pain (LBP) was studied. The sample was consisted of 67 LBP, 60 RA and 63 MS patients selected from A Morethe role of mother-child relationship and pain variables in inducing depression in mothers suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Low Back Pain (LBP) was studied. The sample was consisted of 67 LBP, 60 RA and 63 MS patients selected from Atieh, Imam Khomeini hospitals, and the Iranian MS Society in city of Tehran plus 65 nonpatient mothers. All participants answered Depression- Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-42; Laviband & Laviband, 1995) and the Parent-Child Relationship-Short form (PCRS-S; Pianta, 1992). Patient mothers also answered Visual Analogue Scale (VAS; Wewers & Lowe, 1990) and Pain related Disability Questionnaire (PDQ; Roland & Morris, 1983). Data were analyzed using variance analysis, Pearson correlation and stepwise regression. Results indicated that the depression severity differed significantly in patient and nonpatient mothers. Also, disability due to pain and conflict in mother-child relationship significantly predicted depression in mothers. Therefore, it was concluded that disability and conflict in mother-child relationship is related to depression severity in mothers with chronic illnesses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
477 - The Effectiveness of Parent-Child Relationship therapy on Self-Efficacy and Mother-Child Relationship
Marjan Karimi Ivanaki Parisa Seyed Mousavi, Karineh TahmasianThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of child-parent relationship therapy in enhancing self-efficacy and improving mother-child relationship. The study design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, control group, and follow-up. The study pop MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of child-parent relationship therapy in enhancing self-efficacy and improving mother-child relationship. The study design was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest, control group, and follow-up. The study population consisted of all mothers with 3 to 5 year-old children attending to Tehran kindergartens. 30 mothers were selected among mothers who had received low scores in Child-Parent Relationship Scale (Pianta, 1992) and Parenting Self-Agency Measure (Dumka et. al, 1996). Mothers completed the scales in pre-test, post-test and follow-up steps. The data were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis of variance. Based on the results, child-parent relationship therapy significantly increased parental self-efficacy. It also resulted in a significant increase in overall score of child-parent relationship scale and closeness dimension and a significant reduction in the dependency and conflict dimensions. It seems that child-parent relationship therapy is an effective intervention in increasing parental self-efficacy and improving child-parent relationship Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
478 - The Role of Self-Control, Quality of Relationship with Parents and School Environment in the Mental Health and Antisocial Behavior of Adolescents
Farhad Mohammadi Masiri Yaghoob Shafiee Fard Mojde Davari Mohammad Ali BesharatThe purpose of this study was to predict the role of self-control, quality of relationship with parents and school environment in the mental health and antisocial behavior of adolescents. 241 students (117 boys and 124 girls) from the high schools of Farsan city, Charma MoreThe purpose of this study was to predict the role of self-control, quality of relationship with parents and school environment in the mental health and antisocial behavior of adolescents. 241 students (117 boys and 124 girls) from the high schools of Farsan city, Charmahal-o-Bakhtiari province were selected and answered the Self-Control Scale (Tangeny & Baumeister, 2004), Parents-Child Relationship Scale (Fine, Moreland & Schwebel,1983), Class and School Environment Questionnaire (Alfred et al., 2004), Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) and Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire (Mohamadi Masiri et al., 2010). Data analysis was done by Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression analysis. Findings suggested significant negative relationship between self-control, quality of relationship with parents and school environment with mental health and antisocial behavior. Multiple regression analysis showed that self-control, quality of relationship with mother, gender and school environment variables accounted for 33% of variance in mental health. Quality of relationship with mother, selfcontrol and quality of relationship with father accounted for 14% of the variance in antisocial behavior among adolescents. It can be concluded that personal, family and school variables play an important role in increasing mental health and decreasing antisocial behavior among adolescents Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
479 - The Role of Childhood Abuse and Emotional Vulnerability in Borderline Personality Traits: The Mediating Roles of Emotional Schemas and Emotional Regulation
Hamid Yaghubi Jafar Hasani Majid Mahmoud Alilo Vahid SabriThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional schemas and emotional regulation in the re- lationship between child abuse, emotional vulnerability and borderline personality feature. The present study is a correlational study and str MoreThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional schemas and emotional regulation in the re- lationship between child abuse, emotional vulnerability and borderline personality feature. The present study is a correlational study and structural equation modeling. Participants were 462 people of general population of West Azerbaijan province were selected by cyberspace sampling method. For data gathering, Child Abuse Self Report Scale (Mohammadkhani, Mohammadi, Nazari, Salavati & Razzahghi, 2003), Childhood Emotional Vulnerability (Sauer & Bauer, 2009), Emotional Schemas (Leahy, 2011), and Borderline Personality Feature (Mohammadzadeh, Godarzi, Taghavi,Mollazadeh, 2005) were used. The results showed that confor- mity emotional schemas and emotion regulation were significant positive predictors borderline personality Emotional schema have a mediating role by establishing a positive and significant relationship between child abuse and borderline personality feature. Emotional schemas also mediated between child abuse and emotional vulnerability with emotional dysregulation. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that emotional schemas can increase borderline personality traits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
480 - Psychometric Properties of the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Functions (BRIEF-P) among Preschool Children
Aliakbar Ebrahimi Ahmad Abedi Ahmad Yarmohammadian Salar Faramarzi More The present study aimed to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Behavior Rating Inventory for Executive Function-Preschool (BRIEF-P) (Parent’s Form) among Iranian children. Five hundred and ninety two children ages between 2 and 5 years were selected from preschool centers of the City of Isfahan in 2014 academic year using cluster random sampling method. The children’s parents completed the BRIEF-P. To assess the reliability and internal consistency of the inventory, the correlation coefficient among items with the total score of factors, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis, and the correlation coefficient among the subscales were used. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed embedding items and the five-factor structure of the inventory including inhibition, shift, emotional control, working memory, and planning. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was in satisfactory level for each factor and the total score of the inventory. The findings suggest that the BRIEF-P is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing executive functions of Iranian preschoolers and can be used as a suitable instrument in psychological research and clinical situations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
481 - The Effectiveness of Play Therapy with a Filial Approach on Social Behavior and Self-Control of Primary School Children with Sluggish Cognitive Tempo
Shiva Akhavan Ahmad Abedi Sheida JabalameliThe present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy with a filial approach on social behavior and self-control of primary school children with sluggish cognitive tempo. The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control MoreThe present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy with a filial approach on social behavior and self-control of primary school children with sluggish cognitive tempo. The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of the present study included the primary school children with sluggish cognitive tempo in the city of Isfahan in the In the spring of 2021. 40 children with Sluggish Cognitive Tempo were selected through multi-stage random sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experi- mental and control groups (each group of 20 children). The experimental group received eight seventy-five-minute play therapy with a filial approach interventions. The applied questionnaires in this study included sluggish cognitive tempo questionnaire (McBurnet et al, 2014), social skills questionnaire (Matson, Rotatori, Helsel, 1983) and self-control questionnaire (Kendal, Wilcox, 1979). The data from the study were analyzed through Mixed ANOVA via SPSS-23 software. The results showed that play therapy with a filial ap- proach has significant effect on the social behavior and self-control of primary school children with sluggish cognitive tempo (p<0.001) and this effectiveness has been stable in the follow-up phase. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that play therapy with a filial approach can be applied as an efficient method to increase the social behavior and self-control of primary school children with sluggish cognitive tempo through employing Empathetic and intimate reflection of the child’s feelings, encouragement and strengthening of parents and making communication problems with children natural. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
482 - Investigation of criminal law responses to accused children and adolescents in the pre-trial stage in Iran and human rights documents
siyavash hadipoor karam janipoor mohamadmehdi salehiBackground and Aim: In this time, the functioning of pre-trial institutions has changed to some extent. As; These institutions no longer merely seek to prosecute defendants and gather evidence to prove a criminal case, but sometimes they have been given the opportunity MoreBackground and Aim: In this time, the functioning of pre-trial institutions has changed to some extent. As; These institutions no longer merely seek to prosecute defendants and gather evidence to prove a criminal case, but sometimes they have been given the opportunity to use a number of performance guarantees to respond to the crime. In fact, these institutions, which used to be only preparing criminal cases, these days, in addition to performing their traditional duties, are also taking steps to determine the fate of criminal cases in the pre-trial stage. This policy, which has led to the expansion of the mission of pre-trial institutions, has given rise to the "judgment of the pre-trial stage".Methodology: The present article has been written by descriptive and analytical methods.Findings and Conclusion: Judging the pre-trial stage means that prosecuting and investigating institutions, like the courts, can provide a rehabilitative, empowering and possibly remedial response on the occasion and according to the circumstances of the accused children and adolescents. Take action. In examining Iran's criminal law, it became clear that the legislature, based on the prohibitions set forth in international human rights instruments and the application of corrective and educational responses, have based their approach to correction and treatment on legislation. Of course, the variety and richness of corrective-educational responses prescribed for children and adolescents has not been significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
483 - Coercive guardianship in Iranian law and a similar institution in American law
hasan falah javad ganji behnam ghanbarporField and Aims: Islamic law in the countries that follow the Imami jurisprudence has given guardianship of the child to the father, and also placed the paternal grandfather on the same level as the father, and each of them has compulsory guardianship to manage financial MoreField and Aims: Islamic law in the countries that follow the Imami jurisprudence has given guardianship of the child to the father, and also placed the paternal grandfather on the same level as the father, and each of them has compulsory guardianship to manage financial affairs. And the minor's non-financial status and his legal representation, whether during the other's lifetime or after his death. According to the civil law, the father has compulsory guardianship, but the mother is deprived of the right of guardianship over her child, unless the mother becomes the special guardian according to the will of the father. This is despite the fact that in many countries, the benefit of the child is often considered and not the gender of his parents. In the previous laws of America, as in Iran, it was the father whose role in custody was important, and the mother was deprived of all custody rights of her child. Therefore, in this research, we are going to examine what is the position of coercive guardianship in Iranian and American law?Method: This article has been done in a descriptive-analytical way.Finding and Conclusion: Legal custody is a right and obligation that is given to parents to make important decisions in the child's life after divorce. With the passage of time and changes in the laws, the mother also had rights and duties alongside the father. The benefit of the child is the most important change in custody rights, and the courts should give custody to the most qualified person, either the father or the mother, based on the hypothesis of the best interest of the child. . The examination of the legal system of Iran and the United States shows that there are basic similarities and some important differences in the two legal systems of Iran and the United States regarding guardianship and guardianship of children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
484 - The Security Council's approach to the rule of law in the field of human rights, with an emphasis on the rights of women and children
Hossein Malekshahi Farid Azadbakht هنگامه ghBackground and Aim: The Security Council is essentially a specific or status-oriented pillar under the Charter, in other words, the member states have asked that pillar to respond to a particular situation or dispute.However, in the aftermath of the Cold War, the Counci MoreBackground and Aim: The Security Council is essentially a specific or status-oriented pillar under the Charter, in other words, the member states have asked that pillar to respond to a particular situation or dispute.However, in the aftermath of the Cold War, the Council occasionally issued resolutions aimed not at resolving disputes between two or more members or in a situation that endangered international peace and security, but at preventing threats to peace or diplomacy. Peace building is preventive. In fact, these resolutions have a specific audience, such as women and children. Method: The present article tries to explain the mentioned resolutions in a descriptive-analytical way.Findings and Results: Determining that these resolutions do not seek to resolve an issue related to a particular situation, but rather to resolve an issue and problem that is spreading in the international community and its repetition or increase in number can lead to peace and security. Be internationally influential. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
485 - The criminal response of the Iranian and Egyptian judiciary to juvenile delinquency in the critical adaptation plant
Atefeh Ehsani zadeh hasan bavi mohamad rezazadehBackground and Aim: One of the most important areas in criminal justice of countries is criminal policy in determining the type, rate and how to enforce criminal reactions to the delinquency of children and adolescents, regardless of age or gender segregatio.This proble MoreBackground and Aim: One of the most important areas in criminal justice of countries is criminal policy in determining the type, rate and how to enforce criminal reactions to the delinquency of children and adolescents, regardless of age or gender segregatio.This problem is to observe the observanceof gender and age, especially in Islamic countries. Since the two countries of Iran and Egypt are the two Islamic countries with the legal regimes of the Shari'a and are on the other hand, they are coordinated with customary criteria tailored to the presence of and international documents and regulations.Some criminal laws clearly cause the failure of criminal justice in this Two countries.Therefore, the aim of this study was to explain the sharing points and differentiation of the legal systems of the Egyptian orbit, based on the late jurisprudence of religious religions and the legal system of the Shari'a of Iran, based on Shiite jurisprudence. In the present study,we investigated four issues.The age of the criminal responsibility of children and adolescents, the effect of sexuality on the type, rate and criminal responsibility and the difference in criminal reactions based on the age and genderof adolescent and young people, and ultimately,how are the relevant sentences.Method:This research has been done with an analytical descriptive approach.Findings and Results:The findings of the research show that the judicial justice system of customary organizations and compliance with international regulations and coordination with them, as well as adoption of scientific and cognitive and criminal approaches of religious teachings in Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
486 - Challenges and obstacles of criminalization and punishment of crimes that violate humanitarian rights
seyed milad javaheri abbs shekholeslami jafar kushaField and Aims: Humanitarian law is a set of international customary rules that govern the behavior of hostile forces in armed conflicts and has somehow replaced the concept of the law of war. Observance of humanitarian rights regardless of color, race, language and rel MoreField and Aims: Humanitarian law is a set of international customary rules that govern the behavior of hostile forces in armed conflicts and has somehow replaced the concept of the law of war. Observance of humanitarian rights regardless of color, race, language and religion, on the one hand, makes this branch of law have the nature of human rights And on the other hand, by concluding various conventions, it will have the nature of international law. The aim of the current research is to investigate the challenges and obstacles of criminalization and punishment of crimes that violate humanitarian rights in the territory of Iran's criminal system.Method: The present research was done with descriptive and analytical method and using library resources.Finding and Conclusion: The findings of the research indicate that in the process of legal unification of domestic and international systems, some challenges in the field of criminalization of crimes that violate humanitarian rights and criminal responses in external and internal dimensions and in legislative axes. , judicial and executive available. The challenges are mainly rooted in political, fundamental, ideological, legal and structural dimensions that sometimes conflict with each other and make the process of integrating international rules into the domestic legal system difficult. Statistics of crimes and compilation of humanitarian criminal laws, compilation of special laws to protect women and children during peace and war and compilation of appropriate and fair criminal responses by using dynamic inference in Shia jurisprudence, together with considering the rule of sanctity and rejection of religion and Also, reforming the judicial structures is one of the basic solutions to overcome the challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
487 - Protection of natural children in Iranian law and international Instruments
Maryam Saadatdourabi Seyedasgari Hoseinimoghadam Ahmad EsfandiariField and Aims: A natural child is a child born out of wedlock who is deprived of inheritance and some social rights. Discrimination between legal children and natural children conflicts with the principle of equality of people mentioned in principles 19 and 20 of the c MoreField and Aims: A natural child is a child born out of wedlock who is deprived of inheritance and some social rights. Discrimination between legal children and natural children conflicts with the principle of equality of people mentioned in principles 19 and 20 of the constitution. The equality of all people is stated in international documents, and according to the documents to which Iran has joined, it is committed to eliminate any discrimination. When comparing Iran with some western countries, critics believe that natural children have less rights than other people. However, in Iran, the number of people who are legally considered adulterous and natural children is very small, and practically no one This cause is not deprived of its rights. Method: This article is written in an analytical-descriptive way. Finding and Conclusion: It seem that the natural child did not benefit from all the rights compared to ordinary people, and this deprivation is more serious in inheritance. Secondly, according to Article 1167 of the Civil Code, the child of adultery does not join the wife, therefore, illegitimate children are distinguished from legitimate children in some personal rights. But with regard to other rights, a specific range should be determined for these rights by inductive method in scattered domestic and international regulations. In international documents, there is no difference between legitimate and illegitimate children in terms of human rights. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
488 - Iran's Challenges on the rights of child labor according to the international law
Mojdeh Pourmohammad Golzari Nobar Behshid Arfania Maryam Afshari Mostafa Taghizadeh AnsariField and Aims: Children's rights are considered as special examples of human rights, so ignoring this issue leads to violation of human rights from the international aspect and also has irreparable consequences inside the country. Eliminating child labor is not possibl MoreField and Aims: Children's rights are considered as special examples of human rights, so ignoring this issue leads to violation of human rights from the international aspect and also has irreparable consequences inside the country. Eliminating child labor is not possible except with the union of relevant institutions, the guarantee of effective and continuous legal implementation along with the unification of legal rules.Method: This is a qualitative and applied research in terms of purpose, and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and studying international documents, sources related to the subject and the obtained information has been analyzed descriptively-analytically method to examine the challenges of child labor in Iran with a view on international law. Findings and results: The lack of coordination of the responsible institutions and insufficient budget, along with the economic recession caused by Covid-19 and its effects, are among the most important reasons for child labor not being solved in the country. Ambiguity and contradictions in domestic laws by joining international treaties have made this problem more complicated.The approval of the Law on the Protection of Children and Adolescent Rights in 2019 in Iran has been a positive step for coordination with international laws, but in this law, without changing the age of the child in the previous definitions, people under the 18 are protected in specified cases. Therefore, in cases outside the scope of this law, children do not receive the necessary support. Continued reform of laws is necessary for comprehensive protection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
489 - Philosophy for Children: the Growth of Analytical Thinking
مهران فرج الهی سیده مریم مصطفویThe present article tries to analyze a new approach to education and its related issues especially educating analytical thinking to children and adolescents which is included in the field of philosophical education for children. Improving the level of thinking is one of MoreThe present article tries to analyze a new approach to education and its related issues especially educating analytical thinking to children and adolescents which is included in the field of philosophical education for children. Improving the level of thinking is one of the most important issues in education inasmuch as one could properly distinguish between right and wrong and be able to think about what happens around his/her environment and analyze them correctly. This article firstly explains the reason why we choose "analytical thinking" rather than "critical thinking" and then mentions the elements of analytical thinking. Appling these elements (principles) could lead to an educational environment for cultivating analytical thinking that finally help children and adolescents to develop their power of thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
490 - The seduction of religious counterrevolution to children (case study: "Soul" animation)
Morteza Azizi Shohreh PiraniWith the development of technology, the quality of making animations has become more complicated in parallel with their narratives; So much so that the inclusion of the audience has expanded from children to adults, and the countries with technology are using it to conv MoreWith the development of technology, the quality of making animations has become more complicated in parallel with their narratives; So much so that the inclusion of the audience has expanded from children to adults, and the countries with technology are using it to convey the message to different generations around the world in order to influence the content more than in the past. Naturally, the identification of the main and secondary themes of these animations will point out the harm and danger that should be carefully studied and given serious attention in the planning and development of this industry in accordance with the ideals and needs of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. This article aims to examine the animation "Soul" with a qualitative approach and the method of theme analysis, and aims to reveal its hidden layer, which is in opposition to religious and revolutionary foundations. The findings indicate that the international system will be considered as a disruptive element and will confront any factor that changes its basic criteria and causes imbalance in the international system. This axis can be examined in this animation, which leads children's worldview and tendencies towards Western atheistic schools with a soft and gradual approach due to high inculpability, in order to institutionalize the context of their orientation and choice in adulthood. The seduction of religious counter-revolutionism in this animation can be traced and identified with the purposeful western goals with the aim of changing the process of religious education of children, in the event that in the clear layer and the authentic face of a message regardless of religious and political bias, it has been able to gain general acceptance and arouse the admiration of the public. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
491 - Designing a Performance Management Model for Kindergarten Teachers in Central Iran
Molouk Tahmasebi Seyed Ahmad AhmadiThe purpose of this study was to design a model of the performance management of nursery school carers in the central region of Iran, including Isfahan, Yazd and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari provinces, which was done by qualitative research method and its kind of analysis, MoreThe purpose of this study was to design a model of the performance management of nursery school carers in the central region of Iran, including Isfahan, Yazd and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari provinces, which was done by qualitative research method and its kind of analysis, By identifying and categorizing categories and themes, from the interview data, a number of components were obtained from managerial performance management that included five components and general categories in the form of a paradigmatic model including individual factors and factors, Organizational conditions and factors regarding the work and activity of coaches: (rules and regulations, organizational structure and culture, financial privileges and rights), conditions and performance of officials, strategy for improving the performance of coaches: (software strategy for issues of freedom and independence of child care centers) and hardware strategy (creating coaching centers for development), outcomes and outcomes (intra-organizational: learning process-learning, Outside the organization: responding to the needs of society), how and The performance management process of nursery school educators (in Isfahan, Yazd and Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari provinces) and the relationships between different dimensions and components of it are reflected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
492 - Comparing the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training, attachment-based therapy and self-regulation skill training on emotional control of preschool children
Shahla Shaukatpour LotfiThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training, attachment-based therapy and self-regulation skill training on preschool children's emotion control. This research was carried out in the form of a semi-experimental design MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training, attachment-based therapy and self-regulation skill training on preschool children's emotion control. This research was carried out in the form of a semi-experimental design on 48 preschool students of Islam Shahr with available sampling method and these people were randomly replaced in three experimental groups (n=36) and a control group (n=12). became Then the experimental groups were subjected to parent-child interaction training, attachment-based therapy and self-regulation skill training, and the control group did not receive any training. The data collection tool was the child's emotion management questionnaire (Ziman et al., 2001), which was administered before and after the training. Descriptive tables and statistical methods of one-way analysis of variance with differential scores of multivariate covariance analysis and Bonferroni's adjustment test were used to describe and analyze the collected data. The results show that, in the comparison between the influence of each of the experimental groups on reducing the differential score of emotional control of preschool children, the results of the effect size showed, respectively, the parent-child interaction training groups (ƞ=0.681), treatment based Attachment (0.630=2ƞ) and self-regulation skill (0.408=2ƞ) had the highest effect on reducing differential scores of emotional control of preschool children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
493 - The relationship between mother's temperament and attachment with children's behavioral problems: the mediating role of mother-child relationship
Zahra AminabadiIntroduction: The aim of the research was to investigate the mediation of mother-child relationship in the relationship between mother's mood and attachment with behavioral problems of children aged 6 to 12 years.Method: The study was conducted by correlation method and MoreIntroduction: The aim of the research was to investigate the mediation of mother-child relationship in the relationship between mother's mood and attachment with behavioral problems of children aged 6 to 12 years.Method: The study was conducted by correlation method and available sampling. From the community of 1000 children participating in the summer activities of the centers of Rajaeeshahr region of Karaj, 300 mothers of children with an average age of 9.5 years to the mother-child relationship evaluation tools of Ross (1961); Collins and Reid's (1990) attachment; Stress, anxiety and depression 21 questions (1998); and Rutter's (1964) behavioral problems answered. After discarding 86 questionnaires, the data of 214 questionnaires were analyzed by path analysis method using Lisrel software. Findings: The results showed that the two variables of mother's mood and attachment have a direct effect on the child, respectively (β=0.18 and β=0.35 with P=0.001) and a direct effect on the child's behavioral problems. It is equal in both paths (β=0.39, P=0.001). This is despite the fact that the mediator variable, mother-child relationship, has no significant effect on children's behavioral problems (β=0.12, P=0.001). In addition, the two mentioned variables were able to explain 55% of children's behavioral problems at the level of 0.05.Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that among the effective factors in interventions to reduce behavioral problems, in addition to parenting skills, is the intervention to improve the mother's mood and attachment problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
494 - The relationship between mother's temperament and attachment with children's behavioral problems: the mediating role of mother-child relationship
Zahra Aminabadi Noormohammad Rezaei Samira GhorbaniIntroduction: The aim of the research was to investigate the mediation of mother-child relationship in the relationship between mother's mood and attachment with behavioral problems of children aged 6 to 12 years. Method: The study was conducted by correlation method an MoreIntroduction: The aim of the research was to investigate the mediation of mother-child relationship in the relationship between mother's mood and attachment with behavioral problems of children aged 6 to 12 years. Method: The study was conducted by correlation method and available sampling. From the community of 1000 children participating in the summer activities of the centers of Rajaeeshahr region of Karaj, 300 mothers of children with an average age of 9.5 years to the mother-child relationship evaluation tools of Ross (1961); Collins and Reid's (1990) attachment; Stress, anxiety and depression 21 questions (1998); and Rutter's (1964) behavioral problems answered. After discarding 86 questionnaires, the data of 214 questionnaires were analyzed by path analysis method using Lisrel software. Findings: The results showed that the two variables of mother's mood and attachment have a direct effect on the child, respectively (β=0.18 and β=0.35 with P=0.001) and a direct effect on the child's behavioral problems. It is equal in both paths (β=0.39, P=0.001). This is despite the fact that the mediator variable, mother-child relationship, has no significant effect on children's behavioral problems (β=0.12, P=0.001). In addition, the two mentioned variables were able to explain 55% of children's behavioral problems at the level of 0.05. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that among the effective factors in interventions to reduce behavioral problems, in addition to parenting skills, is the intervention to improve the mother's mood and attachment problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
495 - The effectiveness of the spirituality and life satisfaction educational package on the happiness of the families of exceptional children
Khaled Rashtiyani Maryam Akbari Hamzeh Ahmadiyan Yahya YarahmadiIntroduction: The presence of an exceptional child in any family affects its structure so that spirituality can play an important role in the life process of the parents of these children. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of MoreIntroduction: The presence of an exceptional child in any family affects its structure so that spirituality can play an important role in the life process of the parents of these children. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of spirituality and life satisfaction on the happiness of families of exceptional children. Methodology: The research method in this study is a pre-post-test pseudo-experimental design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all families with identified exceptional children in Sanandaj city, 80 of them were selected in two groups of 40 people, experimental and control, with a targeted method. Spirituality training was conducted on the experimental group in 12 sessions of 45 minutes. The research data was collected through the standard happiness questionnaire (OHI) Oxford (1989). The reliability of the test was also calculated through Cronbach's alpha of 0.86. To analyze the statistical data, descriptive statistics indices, including mean and standard deviation, and one-way covariance analysis were used in the inferential statistics section. Findings: Quantitative data shows a significant difference between the results of the two groups. Considering the potential that families with exceptional children have, teaching spirituality and life satisfaction has a significant effect on their happiness (p = 0.05).Conclusion: Teaching spirituality and life satisfaction to the families of exceptional children can provide an opportunity to increase happiness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
496 - Determining the contribution of psychological factors in the process of facilitating the bereavement of parents with a child with cancer: mixed research
Saeideh Eslahkar Shahram Vaziri Farah Lotfi KashaniIntroduction: The death of a child due to cancer can be considered one of the most difficult events in life with obvious effects on the physical and psychological dimensions of parents. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of psychological factors tha MoreIntroduction: The death of a child due to cancer can be considered one of the most difficult events in life with obvious effects on the physical and psychological dimensions of parents. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of psychological factors that facilitate the bereavement process in parents of children with cancer. Method: The present study was a mixed research. The desired community was formed by mothers whose children had died due to cancer. From this community, 54 people were selected and interviewed as a sample. Findings: The results of the research showed that the variables of self-efficacy, non-emotional coping, meaning-focused coping strategies, quality of interpersonal relationships, personality traits (toughness), emotional coping and physical symptoms facilitate the bereavement process in parents who lost their child. They have lost with cancer, they are effective. Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, self-efficacy variables, non-emotional coping, meaning-focused coping strategies, quality of interpersonal relationships, personality traits (toughness), emotional coping, and physical symptoms can be used to facilitate the bereavement process. Used by parents who have lost their child to cancer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
497 - A study on Comparing the Emotional Regulation and Self Efficacy in Labor and Normal Children
Simin Kermanian Mahdieh Salehi Alireza MollazadehThe purpose of this study is to determine the amount of emotional regulation and self-efficacy between labor and normal children. The research method was descriptive and post event. The statistical population included the total number of labor children aged 12 -18 years MoreThe purpose of this study is to determine the amount of emotional regulation and self-efficacy between labor and normal children. The research method was descriptive and post event. The statistical population included the total number of labor children aged 12 -18 years in Tehran – Shousha region in 2019. Using available sampling method, 100 children (50 labor and 50 normal children) were selected. The research tools included the emotion regulation questionnaire (Gross and John, 2003) and the self-efficacy questionnaire for children (Murris, 2002). The acquired data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and one – way variance. For data analysis, the statistical software of SPSS version 26 was utilized. The significance level was estimated as 0.05. The results demonstrate that the working children had lower scores than normal children in regulating emotion with its various dimensions (emotional inhibition and cognitive reassessment) and had lower scores in self – efficacy with its various dimensions (educational, social and emotional) and the difference between the two groups was significant. (P< 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
498 - Compilation of a Psychological Well-being Model for Adolescents with obsessive beliefs based on Defensive Styles, Ego Identity Status and Parent-Child Relationship
Reza Shahla Roya Kochakentezar Mahdieh Salehi Afsaneh GhanbaripanahTo achieve the different dimensions of mental health, communities need to provide the ideal of self-actualization and excellence for their members. Psychological well-being is an effort to grow and develop in order to realize the potential of a person in a variety of di MoreTo achieve the different dimensions of mental health, communities need to provide the ideal of self-actualization and excellence for their members. Psychological well-being is an effort to grow and develop in order to realize the potential of a person in a variety of dimensions, such as autonomy, personal growth, purposefulness in life, mastery of the environment, positive relationship with others, and self-acceptance, all rooted in the development of personality. According to the above-mentioned articles, this research aimed to develop a psychological well-being model for adolescents with social anxiety based on defensive styles, Ego identity status, and parent-child relationship. This research was a correlational study. The statistical population of this study was all the boy sophomores in Tehran in 2017-2018. The sample also included 250 social anxiety students with a multistage cluster sampling method and purposefully selected. The criterions of entering this research included: informed consent, age range (15-18 years) and outcomes of the project included: reluctance to continue cooperation and lack of completion of the questionnaires by participants. The participants completed the Defense Style Questionnaire, the Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being, the Ego Identity Process Questionnaire, the Parent-Child Rating Scale and the obsessive beliefs questionnaire. We used structural equations analysis to examine the data. All stages of analysis were performed using SPSS (v.24) and AMOS (v.24) software packages. According to the findings, the parent-adolescent relationship indirectly and negatively affects psychological well-being through defense mechanisms (p≥0.05). The parent-adolescent relationship also directly and indirectly predicts identity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
499 - Effectivness of parent_child interaction therapy with educational face_to_face method on executive functions of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit
سحر Bayat mansure shahriari ahmadi mahnaz estekiThe present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of treatment based on parent-child interaction with face-to-face training method on the executive functions of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder. The research method was quasi-exp MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of treatment based on parent-child interaction with face-to-face training method on the executive functions of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental, with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the study was all children aged 10 to 12 years in the 19th district of Tehran in 2022 who were suffering from hyperactivity and attention deficit. The sample size of 30 people was determined by the purposeful sampling method, this number of people was divided into two groups by the matching method, the number of each group was 15 people. And the control group did not receive any treatment plan. The research tool was the executive functions questionnaire of Gerard et al. (2000). The method of data analysis was univariate and multivariate covariance analysis.The research findings showed that the treatment based on parent-child interaction with face-to-face training method on executive functions (memory emotional regulation) of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the treatment based on the interaction of the parent of the child with the face-to-face teaching method can be effective in improving the executive functions of students with hyperactivity and attention deficit.Keywords: treatment based on parent-child interaction, face-to-face training, executive functions, hyperactivity and attention deficit Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
500 - Analyzing the Lived Experience of Secondary School Students of Mothers' Remarriage with an Emphasis on Children's Education
Mohsen Yousefi Amin Koraei Mansour SodaniOne of the important issues of family and married life that can affect the future of children is the issue of parents' divorce. In this regard, the main goal of the present study was to analyze the lived experience of secondary school students of mothers' remarriage, em MoreOne of the important issues of family and married life that can affect the future of children is the issue of parents' divorce. In this regard, the main goal of the present study was to analyze the lived experience of secondary school students of mothers' remarriage, emphasizing the education of their children. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of implementation method. The study population consisted of second grade male high school students in Ahvaz in the academic year 2020-2021, in which 16 people were purposefully selected based on theoretical saturation method. The research tool was semi-structured interviews. To validate the findings, the coding process was first reviewed by experts (face validity). The researcher also re-examined the coding process. Reliability was also obtained with a coding agreement coefficient performed by two coders. The content analysis method in MAXQDA software version 2020 was used for data analysis. The results showed that five central themes including (emotional support, emotional experiences, economic well-being, interpersonal relationships and acceptance of divorce) were identified for the issue of mothers' remarriage and its various effects on children's education. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the mother's remarriage can have an impact on the child's life. These effects are more visible with negative effects such as the child's emotional problems, academic weakness and reluctance in academic activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
501 - A comparative study of executive laws related to educational support for exceptional children and adolescents in Iran and the international organization UNICEF
Abdulrahim Tajuddin Mansure Shahriari Ahmadi Gholamali Afrooz Hasan Pasha sharifiThe purpose of this study was to compare the executive laws related to educational support for exceptional children and adolescents in Iran and the international organization UNICEF. The research method was qualitative and comparative. The research sample included the d MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the executive laws related to educational support for exceptional children and adolescents in Iran and the international organization UNICEF. The research method was qualitative and comparative. The research sample included the documents and annual reports available in the welfare organization from 2010 to 2019, which were selected through available and targeted sampling, and in the international dimension, UNICEF's annual reports on educational support for exceptional children and adolescents in 2011. Reviewed by 2020. Some quantitative research data were analyzed using descriptive methods and content analysis was done in the document matching section. According to the findings, the number of exceptional children and teenagers who are covered by welfare has been increasing in recent years. The coefficient of correlation between the opinion of the families of exceptional children and adolescents and the welfare officials about the quantity and quality of educational support showed that the opinion of the families and the officials are aligned. According to the research conducted by UNICEF in 51 developing countries, 42% of girls and 51% of boys of exceptional and disabled children (average about 47%) managed to go to primary school, while in Iran this average reaches 62.5%. Therefore, it can be concluded that education support in Iran is in a better situation than the UNICEF reports of developing countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
502 - A Qualitative Study of the Transmission of Religious Culture through the Family to the Children of the 60-80s
Soheila Mobarak Zahra Hazrati someeh bagher saroukhaniThe purpose of this study was to conduct a "qualitative study of the transmission of religious culture through the family to the children of the 60s and 80s".This study identifies and interprets the transmission of religious culture from families to children by acceptin MoreThe purpose of this study was to conduct a "qualitative study of the transmission of religious culture through the family to the children of the 60s and 80s".This study identifies and interprets the transmission of religious culture from families to children by accepting the assumption that religious culture as a change has been undergoing major changes over the past few decades. For this purpose, a review of previous studies was conducted in the form of an interpretive approach using qualitative research method and the selection of semi-structured interview technique as the research technique. The statistical population consists of those born in the 60s and 80s of Tehran who reached theoretical saturation with 32 people. The findings of the study indicate that in the generations of the 80s and 60s, the religious culture that has been examined through beliefs, beliefs, rituals and emotions has become individual, personal, less obligatory, free and rational، The transfer of religious culture is also less effective than formal religious and compulsory institutions. In the religious dimension of religious culture transmission, families have had relative success and have been able to institutionalize religious culture. Also in the aftermath, religion as a religion still has a deterrent role in preventing personal and social harm. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
503 - Sociological study of quality of marital life with demographic factors
Fatemeh Rashid Shahla kazemipoursabat Hossein Aghajani marsaThe purpose of this study is Measuring the relationship between the quality of marital life with demographic factors. This research is based on the descriptive-correlation nature. The statistical population contains all married women between the ages of 15 and 65 MoreThe purpose of this study is Measuring the relationship between the quality of marital life with demographic factors. This research is based on the descriptive-correlation nature. The statistical population contains all married women between the ages of 15 and 65 years living in Karaj, according to the Cochran formula, the sample size is 465 people. The sample was determined by cluster sampling and then by simple random sampling. In theoretical foundations, theories of quality of life, Parsons, Safi, homogeneous, and the like are used. Finally, theoretical model of the research is designed. This research was conducted using a survey method. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire . Reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha for all dimensions of the questionnaire above 0.7, which is acceptable. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and analyzed using SPSS software. The result of the hypothesis with related tests shows that there is a significant relationship between quality of life and age, marriage age, age interval with spouse, duration of marriage, number of children, fertility age. According to regression and path analysis, the most and the strongest influence on the quality of marital life can be directly related to the direct effect of the variables of the marriage period (0.772), the age difference with the spouse (0.381), the marriage age (0.440). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
504 - Children's Social Participation in the Qualitative Model of Group Cultural and Educational Space Design, Solutions, and Challenges
Anahita Eskandari Fahimeh Motazedian Ahmad Mirza kouchak khoshnevisEducation and educational environments wield immense influence over societal mentality and civilization, notably through cultural and social lenses. Fostering a dynamic, creative education nurtures children's intellectual, social, cultural, and creative growth. Cru MoreEducation and educational environments wield immense influence over societal mentality and civilization, notably through cultural and social lenses. Fostering a dynamic, creative education nurtures children's intellectual, social, cultural, and creative growth. Crucially, reforming educational structures necessitates the meticulous design of spaces intricately linked to students' activities, finely attuned to optimize the holistic growth—physical, mental, emotional, and social—of children. This research endeavors to introduce a comprehensive model for the design of group educational spaces, emphasizing the active participation of preschool children throughout the design process. Employing a nuanced amalgamation of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the study underscored the pivotal role of architectural education, revealing starkly divergent outcomes between control and test groups. Physical elements, such as the interplay of color schemes, spatial configurations, and the predilection for well-illuminated, open spaces adorned with natural light and transparent architectural elements, emerged prominently. Additionally, the study unveiled the paramount importance of fostering spaces conducive to peer dialogue, artistic expression, comfort-enhancing large cushions, personalized areas, circular tables, and verdant, green surroundings. These insights pave the way for shaping educational spaces to meet children's needs, fostering an enriched and inclusive learning environment through their active involvement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
505 - Legal Jurisprudential Investigation of Maternal Child Custody: Challenges and Solutions
Ameneh Mazlumzadeh Abdolreza Jamalzadeh Roghayeh ShahabiCustody of the child by the mother is one of the important issues that has been discussed in jurisprudence and law. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the challenges facing child custody by the mother and, if possible, to provide solutions to address t MoreCustody of the child by the mother is one of the important issues that has been discussed in jurisprudence and law. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine the challenges facing child custody by the mother and, if possible, to provide solutions to address these challenges. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical and the library method has been used. Maternal custody faces two important challenges; Lack of guardianship of the mother over the child and revocation of the mother's custody in case of remarriage. Prohibition of maternal guardianship over the child is absolutely unacceptable because the mother is more compassionate and kind in protecting the child and her property, while in today's society and also due to the ability of women in managing family affairs and outside the family, maternal guardianship over the child, accepted. In the case of remarriage, such a condition can not be imposed on the mother alone, while for men there is no such restriction and the mother can be prevented from remarrying by creating fear in her. From the jurisprudential point of view, the ruling of compulsory guardianship is not one of the rules of worship but one of the rules of reason. On the one hand, with the shrinking of the family in the present age, and on the other hand, the rising level of education and social presence of women, forgery of forced guardianship for mothers and the possibility of remarriage of women is the most important way to solve the existing challenges. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
506 - Comparative study of the criminal liability of children and adolescents in the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1995 and 2011
Alireza Mohammadbeyki Habib Asady Navid AlhoeiBy examining the laws related to children and adolescents, it can be seen that regarding the age of criminal responsibility of children and adolescents as well as the procedure for the crimes of this category of people, the criminal laws of Iran have undergone changes a MoreBy examining the laws related to children and adolescents, it can be seen that regarding the age of criminal responsibility of children and adolescents as well as the procedure for the crimes of this category of people, the criminal laws of Iran have undergone changes and many regulations have been approved in this field. In Iran, according to Article 147 Approved in 1392 and the note of Article 1210 BC. The age of criminal responsibility is 9 full lunar years for girls and 15 full lunar years for boys. In the analysis of the old and new laws, we will see that unlike the old laws, the new law includes 3 types of age for children and adolescents: 1- Age of no criminal responsibility (minors): people under this age have no responsibility and in case of committing a crime They have no criminal liability. (Article 146 Q.M.A. approved 1392) The reduced age of criminal responsibility is that children between 9 and 15 years old are not punished but are subject to protective and educational measures and are divided into two categories. Children 9 to 12 years old (non-juvenile minors) Children 12 to 15 years old (juvenile minors) are the criminal age of majority, based on which if people under this age commit a crime, according to the laws and regulations related to juvenile proceedings Their crimes are dealt with, as the legal age of majority in Iran is 18 years. People who commit a crime between the ages of 15 and 18 are kept in a correctional center. In the Islamic Penal Code approved in 2012, there is no criminal responsibility for minors, and for people who have recently reached the age of puberty, the criminal responsibility is equal to Adult people have been accepted. The present study Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
507 - Architectural Phenomenology, an Effective Paradigm in the Architectural Design of Spaces for Discovering Children's Talent
Alireza Vosough Mohammad khosro SahafThe distancing of built environments in the period of modernity from the identity-behavioral needs of users has been the result of the extreme approach of functionalists and formalists to architecture. This caused a kind of alienation and confusion between users and the MoreThe distancing of built environments in the period of modernity from the identity-behavioral needs of users has been the result of the extreme approach of functionalists and formalists to architecture. This caused a kind of alienation and confusion between users and their environment. Children, as the future builders of the next generations of society, are influenced by their surroundings. Therefore, the quality role of children's environment in their mind and body is very important. This research tries to describe the architectural model of the environment with the concepts, foundations and methods of phenomenology and phenomenological discourse of architecture, which, in addition to being in line with the needs of users, is the basis for valuable research, that is, finding the talent of children and teenagers, so that architecture can be The correct form should be used for today's and tomorrow's generation. The main question of the research is how the phenomenological paradigm of architecture can be a suitable approach for the architectural design of children's talent discovery environments? Achieving the theoretical foundations and architectural design of children's talent discovery environments with the architectural phenomenology approach is the main goal of the research. The research method of this article is a combined descriptive-analytical and qualitative method of place phenomenology. Finally, it can be said that architectural phenomenology offers effective and useful foundations for the architectural model of children's talent discovery environments. such as orientation, centrality and rhythm, light and shadow, color, spatial diversity, conflict of senses, symbolism, nature, culture and authenticity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
508 - From the Right to the City to Sustainable Urban Development: Education and Culture as the Basis of Creating Child-Friendly Cities
Sajjad MohammadyarzadehIt seems useless to discuss about urban sustainable development and the approaches towards this end, like Child Friendly City (CFC) before understanding its intellectual foundations and internalizing it in the society and it looks like an 8-year-old child who has not ye MoreIt seems useless to discuss about urban sustainable development and the approaches towards this end, like Child Friendly City (CFC) before understanding its intellectual foundations and internalizing it in the society and it looks like an 8-year-old child who has not yet learned writing and reading well but enters 4th or 5th grades of primary school which will results in his/her failure. Therefore, if one seeks realization of sustainable urban development focusing on realization of children’s rights in urban environments, he/she needs to establish a relationship between concept of right to the city by “Henri Lefebvre” and urban sustainable development in order to reach an applicable plan through this relation and true understanding of the problem for realization of child friendly city. In this article which has a qualitative nature in terms of methodology, the researcher has tried to present applicable principles for realization of child friendly city approach in Iranian cities focusing on theoretical framework and analysis of experiments of successful countries for creating child friendly city through inductive reasoning. According to this study, four basic principles may be proposed for realization of child friendly city, i.e. avoiding to have a one-dimensional approach to creation of a child friendly city and formulating applicable plans and strategies with interdisciplinary approach, recognizing education as the basis and foundation of development, prioritizing local culture in creating child friendly cities, considering city as an educational laboratory where a child can both learn and experience what he/she learns simultaneously (harmony of education and lived experience). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
509 - Equivariant homologies for operator algebras; a survey
A. Shirinkalam -
Open Access Article
510 - The Effect of Computer Educational Software on Life Skills in Preschool Children
M. M. Pouralibaba H. H. ShahrakipourAbstract The role of technology and educational software in improving the quality of education and learning as key activities in education has been largely considered. Due to the importance of technology and educational software in learning processes, MoreAbstract The role of technology and educational software in improving the quality of education and learning as key activities in education has been largely considered. Due to the importance of technology and educational software in learning processes, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of using computer educational software on life skills in preschool children. The method of the present study is causal-comparative and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study included preschool students in District five of Tehran in the year 1400. The statistical sample was recruited by non-probability method (available sampling). The individals were organized into two groups: a) those with experience in using computer educational software, and b) those without any experience in using computer educational software. The life skills questionnaire in children was utilized as the data collection instrument. The research data were analyzed using independent t-test by using SPSS version 22. The findings of this study showed that life skills among students with experience of using computer educational software were higher in comparison with students who had no experience of using computer educational software. It can be argued that computer educational software has a significant effect on life skills in preschool children. The results showed the effectiveness of computer educational software on life skills in preschool children, so schools and preschools can use appropriate educational software programs in order to enhance life skills among children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
511 - Action Research: How Can I Enhance Academic Performance of Children with Attention-Concentration Disorder (Sluggish) by Using Handicrafts
Soudabeh Azedolmolki , Seyedeh Fatememh BarikaniThe purpose of the present study was to see how we can enhance academic performance of children with attention-concentration disorder (sluggish) by using handiwork. The sluggish students of interest were studying at an elementary school in District 5 of Tehran. Followin MoreThe purpose of the present study was to see how we can enhance academic performance of children with attention-concentration disorder (sluggish) by using handiwork. The sluggish students of interest were studying at an elementary school in District 5 of Tehran. Following Morgan’s Table, a total of 300 of the students were recruited to form the sample. Thirty of them were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (n= 15) and control (n= 15). Instruments of data collection consisted of Fam and Taylor’s students’ academic performance questionnaire, Swanson et al.’s (1980) attention-concentration disorder questionnaire, and handiwork application assessment scale. Inferential statistics including Pearson correlation were utilized to analyze the data. Findings demonstrate that attention-concentration disorder has a negative relationship with students’ academic performance. Also, using handicrafts showed a positive relationship with sluggish students’ academic performance. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
512 - Anodic stripping voltammetry determination of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in blood samples of children in some areas of Ibb governorate
Nabil A.F. Alhemiary Mohamad A.H. Al-Duais Ali A. Mutair Anwar A. Wassel Bassam M. Alshrabi Bilal A. Albadany -
Open Access Article
513 - A Comparative Study of Students' Academic Achievement, Happiness and Academic Self-Efficacy in Harris County schools
Omidali Hosseinzadeh Nazila Nourizadeh Leil AbadiThe aim of this study is a comparative study of students' academic achievement, happiness and academic self-efficacy in Harris County schools. The design of the present study is comparative post-event and causal. The statistical population of the present study includes MoreThe aim of this study is a comparative study of students' academic achievement, happiness and academic self-efficacy in Harris County schools. The design of the present study is comparative post-event and causal. The statistical population of the present study includes all first grade students of Harris Earthquake High School, of which 234 were randomly selected (99 in the first group and 135 in the second group). The Oxford Happiness and Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire of Jink and Morgan was used to collect data. Independent group t-test was used to analyze the data. Findings show that between the group participating in the child-friendly atmosphere project and students who did not participate in the project in terms of academic achievement (t = 6.36; p <0.01), happiness (11.31) t; p <0.01) and also academic self-efficacy (t = 7.00; p <0.01) there is a significant difference. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
514 - Heavy Metals in Commercial Food for Infants and Small Children Origin from the Sarajevo Market
Elma Omeragic Amir Causevic Aleksandra Marjanovic Miroslav Sober -
Open Access Article
515 - Lead Contamination in Playgrounds in Tuzla (Bosnia and Herzegovina)-environmental and Children Health Risk Assessment
Maida Šljivić Husejnović Esmeralda Dautović Adaleta Softić -
Open Access Article
516 - The Right to Health of Child Labor and Adolescents Worker against Pollutants and Chemical Hazards in the Workplace
Mohammad Amin Hasanzadeh Fakhroddin Abuieh Jafar Shafiee SardashtAccording to the association between increased micronuclei (MNi) level in reproductive age women and increased risk of congenital abnormalities, we aimed in this study to find the contribution of WTS to women's health in apparently healthy young cases by comparing the v MoreAccording to the association between increased micronuclei (MNi) level in reproductive age women and increased risk of congenital abnormalities, we aimed in this study to find the contribution of WTS to women's health in apparently healthy young cases by comparing the variability of MN values in water pipe smokers and non-smokers. Finding the associations between MNi levels and demographic, socioeconomic, reproductive, and lifestyle factors was the secondary scope of this study. This cross-sectional case-control study was performed on 30 premenopausal women (15 cases and 15 controls) who lived in Tehran, according to our inclusion criteria. The mean MN frequency among waterpipe smokers was 28.53± 7.462, whereas the same parameter in the control group was 6.53 + 3.24 (p= 0.001). Non-parametric tests revealed a significant association between MNi and frequency of waterpipe smoking (p = 0.001), age of starting waterpipe smoking (p = 0.003), concurrent use of alcoholic drinks (p= 0.004), and secondhand smoking (p =0.001). In the context of heavy environmental pollution in Tehran, significantly higher MNi frequencies and decreased genomic health in waterpipe smoker women in reproductive age may predispose them to an increased risk of harmful reproductive outcomes. These findings emerge from governmental and non-governmental biomonitoring programs in high-risk women to concern more on unhealthy lifestyles and environmental pollution. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
517 - Epidemiology of Childhood Cancer Based on the Databases of Population-Based Cancer Registries in City of Erbil, Iraq
Hafidh AI_Sadi Allaa Hatim Thanoon Moayad Aziz Abdulqadir Mostafa Adnan Abdalrahman Mahmood Hasen Alubaidy Sadiq M. Al-shaikh -
Open Access Article
518 - Assesment of Antimicrobial Resistance Modes in Children with Pyelonephritis
Hulal Saleh Sahib Falah Mahdi Al-Khafaji Ahmed Ali Obaid -
Open Access Article
519 - Explaining the Experiences of Families with Delinquent Children
Narges Sadeghi Noushin Daneshgar Azam Rahmani Reyhaneh Alsadat Hesami Soroush Bakhti -
Open Access Article
520 - Experiences of Mothers with a Child with a History of Esophageal Atresia at Preschool Age: a Phenomenological Study
Forouzandeh Dashti Masoumeh Shahbaz Ghahrouei Heidarali Abedi -
Open Access Article
521 - The Pathology of the Application of Eloquence in the Child's Poetry ( in the decades of 70 to 90 )
Afsaneh Moosavi Garmaroodi Ahmad Khatami Maryam JalaliAbstract This essay has dealt with the exposition of eloquence and fluency in the child's poetry; what the child's poet, by maintaining the childish manner, and creating fluent, easy, and poetic words, need it. First, the freq MoreAbstract This essay has dealt with the exposition of eloquence and fluency in the child's poetry; what the child's poet, by maintaining the childish manner, and creating fluent, easy, and poetic words, need it. First, the frequency and abundance of the usage of rhetorics have been posed and later its correct and incorrect methods have been offered. We have also presented samples of current eloquent problems in the child poetry together with its most frequent applications; then we've compared suitable and unsuitable patterns in it. Based on this research, the method and application of types and eloquence science, with regarding to the vocabulary and the child's understanding and what interferes the frequency of the poem have been dealt with. The basis of this research is on the eloquence theories and fundamentals which have been written in the elementary research. The library method of this paper is on its statistical society and its consequences and the results attained are of the rare researches in this domain and offers the procedures for the use of the poets in composing the child poems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
522 - Studying the Role of Warning Fantasies in Gaining the Identity and Critical Thinkingof Children with Emphasis on Bruno Bettelheim 's Ideas
Sayed Fahimah Ghayyum Nia Bijan Zahiri Nav Mohammad Reza Shad ManamanAbstract The warning fantasy is of the fantasies which presents the most fundamental problems of human society in an imaginative mold. This kind of fantasy gives information about one of the most important aspects of child's e MoreAbstract The warning fantasy is of the fantasies which presents the most fundamental problems of human society in an imaginative mold. This kind of fantasy gives information about one of the most important aspects of child's existence; that's, his own identity and the others in the layers of narrative story. We have investigated, in this article, the methods of finding the identity, critical thinking, and the recognition of oneself and the other in an analytic – descriptive way. We have concentrated on " children need the story " from Bruno Bettelheim to attain a better perception of the child and juvenile's mentality and mental structure. Our investigation showed that most studied fantasy stories emphasize on the preservation of the environment, altruism, finding identity as speculation. The writers of these works enumerate the difficulties and disasters of the story characters to their readers in an indirect way; and without pretending being teachers. They transfer their recommendations in a fantasy mold to their readers. On the other hand, the most significant type of thinking is the instructive thinking. The most important restitution of this kind of thinking is creativity which is an important phenomenon and valuable in the child development and must have a special stance in the life of a child. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
523 - Psychological Analysis of Child Character from Maulana’s Point of View
Mohammad Yousef Pourmusa Kuros Karimpasandi Among the psychological teachings of Maulavi, his attention to the independent character of the child is remarkably appealing. Regarding the external and internal structure of human being and by psychological approach, he considers i More Among the psychological teachings of Maulavi, his attention to the independent character of the child is remarkably appealing. Regarding the external and internal structure of human being and by psychological approach, he considers it essential and vital in child’s growth and maturity which unnatural block in this level will show the deficiency of his / her character in maturity and adulthood. We have tried, in this article, and in an analytic method to study the way Maulana surveys the child’s character psychologically. The findings indicate that Maulana, in the thirteenth century explores most of the discussions about child’s psychology such as: child and growth. Child and education, child and crying, child and joy, child and nutrition, child and playing in the visible and invisible corners of child’s character which have been offered by the growth and sensitive and cognitive complement psychologists in the mold of theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
524 - A Critical Discourse in the Story of " Abshooran " from Ali Darwishian Based on Norman Fair Clough's Theory
Azizeh Najafi Khodaverdi Abbas Zadeh leila adlparvarAbstract Norman Clough is on the thinkers who has posed the critical discourse theory to criticize the capitalistic society and recognize its cultural and social development in the literary context, specifically na MoreAbstract Norman Clough is on the thinkers who has posed the critical discourse theory to criticize the capitalistic society and recognize its cultural and social development in the literary context, specifically narrative literature. In the frame of this discourse, he emphasized on the relation of power and ideology in the three levels of description, interpretation and exposition. We have tried, in this paper, to deal with the story of Abshooran from Ali Darwishian with the library method and in the descriptive-analytical system, based on the theory of Norman Fair Clough. Darwishian has described the huggermugger situation caused by poverty in the poverty-stricken neighborhood – Abshooran. The results of the studying show: description, in the first level, in which he has used emotion and literary and at the same time negative and colloquial language, irony and short indicative sentences to explain his ideology: vocabulary which embody the meaning . In the level of interpretation, by creating presumptions in the similar situation and , the different spectra of discourse are tangible. In the level of exposition which includes the most important phenomena of poverty, aggression, ignorance, illiteracy, lying, vandalism, abusing the rights of the children, theosophy, superstition; and beside them the emotional crises, contrasting the poverty and capitalism, combat and surrender, all of which have put the atmosphere of the story in a gloomy state Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
525 - Investigating Children's Perceptions and Experiences on Charity and Benevolent Behaviors
Elham Shafaiimoghadam Akbar ZolfaghariObjective: Recent studies to grow and strengthen the culture of charitable donations have focused on increasing people's willingness to donate and charitable donations and their reasons. However, very little attention has been paid to how people learn. Methods: In thi MoreObjective: Recent studies to grow and strengthen the culture of charitable donations have focused on increasing people's willingness to donate and charitable donations and their reasons. However, very little attention has been paid to how people learn. Methods: In this research, by using the participatory action research method, while Checking children's perceptions and preferences on Charity and Benevolent Behaviors, the role of parents and school in learning and encouraging them to do good deeds has been investigated. Results: Based on the results of the research, the investigated children have a wide and diverse range of opportunities to participate in charity work through family and school. However, children have relatively limited spaces to participate in charitable behaviors, who often see forgiveness as an exchange process without critical engagement with the related cause. Whereas, if children are given an opportunity to meaningfully participate in decision-making, children show critical awareness and more desire to increase social justice in their decisions. Conclusions: Children as active and informed citizens, are empowered and competent to choose and evaluate the charities they want to support, and this in turn helps them gain a greater understanding of the world around them Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
526 - The Effect of Cultural Capital and Parental Habits on Gender Socialization of Children (Case Study of Kermanshah)
fatemeh naghizadeh bagher sarokhaniToday, the issue of cultural capital and gender socialization has been raised by many thinkers and theorists, and the current state of the world, the expansion of communication and industrialization have contributed to the importance of the issue. Pierre Bourdieu introd MoreToday, the issue of cultural capital and gender socialization has been raised by many thinkers and theorists, and the current state of the world, the expansion of communication and industrialization have contributed to the importance of the issue. Pierre Bourdieu introduced cultural capital in 1973. According to him, by having this type of capital, people can impose their narrative of the social world on others. Due to the importance of cultural capital, in this article, the effect of cultural capital and parental habits on the gender socialization of children has been studied. The research approach is descriptive-causal and survey method and in terms of time, it is done cross-sectionally. The statistical population is children aged 16 to 25 years and parents aged 35 to 70 years in Kermanshah, based on which 385 parents and 385 children were selected as the sample size. Findings show that there is an acceptable and significant relationship between independent variables (cultural capital, habitual) and gender socialization of children. It should be noted that 61% of the changes in the gender sociability of children are predicted by independent variables. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
527 - Presenting a Culture-Excellence Development Model Focusing on Building a Creative Class of Children and Adolescents
Soudabeh Ebrahimzadeh Mohsen Ghadami Abbasal GhayoumiThe main objective of this research is to present a model of excellence in cultural development focusing on the building a creative class of children and adolescents. This research was a combination of exploratory research and instrumental model that was implemented in MoreThe main objective of this research is to present a model of excellence in cultural development focusing on the building a creative class of children and adolescents. This research was a combination of exploratory research and instrumental model that was implemented in two qualitative and quantitative stages. The present study is descriptive-survey and data collection tool in form of a questionnaire. The statistical population included educational managers, faculty members or lecturers, with only 11 questionnaires prepared. Also in order to study the proposed model of excellence in cultural development, focusing on building a creative class of children and adolescents from the statistical community of the mentors of the intellectual development center for children and adolescents (a simple random sampling method of 196 people). In general, for analyzing the observations and the research information and studying the simultaneous effect of public scales, Excel2013, SPSS21, Smart-PLS statistical software were used. According to the results of fuzzy Delphi, a total of components of both dimensions of cultural development and creative class, 19 components were deleted and 29 final components were left, which according to the experts were more important. For the creative class, 50 indices were defined and 77 indicators were introduced for cultural development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
528 - Detection of children's activities in smart home based on deep learning approach
Toktam Nojavan Hooman Kashanian -
Open Access Article
529 - The Effect of Parental Physical Activity on Children's Physical Activity: the mediating role of children's perceptions of parental support
Narges Azam nezami ali zarei farshad tojari hamid sajadiAbstractThe main purpose was to investigate the effect of parental physical activity on children's physical activity: the mediating role of children's perceptions of parental support. The statistical population consisted of 9-11-year-old male and female students in Tehr MoreAbstractThe main purpose was to investigate the effect of parental physical activity on children's physical activity: the mediating role of children's perceptions of parental support. The statistical population consisted of 9-11-year-old male and female students in Tehran and their parents (299610). Based on Morgan table, 384 students were selected and 400 questionnaires were distributed through cluster sampling. In this study, physical activity questionnaires for children of Kowalski et al. (1997), children's perceptions of parental support Wilk et al. (2018), and Physical Activity for parental of Craig et al.(2003)questionnaires were used. Results showed that parental physical activity (β = 0.12, t = 1.19) had no significant effect on children's physical activity. However, parental physical activity (β = 0.23, t = 2.36) on children's perception of parental support, and children's perception of parental support (t = 4.51, β = 0.39) on children's physical activity had a significant positive effect. Finally, the mediating role of children's perceptions of parental support on the impact of parental physical activity on children's physical activity was confirmed and the research model showed a good fit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
530 - Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Static and Dynamic Balance in Children with Asperger's Autism
neda golsefid abedin golsephi hossein nazaryAbstractChildren with autism have difficulties such as impaired social interaction and communication skills, sensory processing, and impaired motor function and balance, which balance is one of the basic abilities of daily life. This study aimed to study the effect of w MoreAbstractChildren with autism have difficulties such as impaired social interaction and communication skills, sensory processing, and impaired motor function and balance, which balance is one of the basic abilities of daily life. This study aimed to study the effect of whole-body vibration on static and dynamic balance in children with Asperger's autism. The population of this quasi-experimental study was 20 juniors aged 8 to 10 years with Asperger's autism in Rasht city, who were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. These children took part in the whole-body vibration training program 3 sessions per week for 6 months. There were two balance tests to investigate balance disorders of the subjects before and after the training program. The flamingo test was used to measure static balance, and likewise, the heel-toe walking test was used to measure dynamic balance. The results of the independent t-test showed that the experimental group had a significant increase in static and dynamic balance compared to the control group (p<0.05). Intragroup changes showed that there was a significant difference between static and dynamic balances in the pre-test and posttest of the experimental group (p <0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the control group (p> 0.05). In conclusion, whole-body vibration training seems to affect static and dynamic balances, and children with autism can use this technique to improve their balance beneficially. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
531 - The Relationship between Fundamental Movement Skills with Response Inhibition Ability in 7- to 9-year-old boys
morteza beglary eslam tavasolimehran mojtaba mohagheghiThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between fundamental movement skills with response inhibition ability in children. From seven- to nine-year-old boys (age: 8/20±0/86 year), 80 subjects were randomly selected. To assess fundamental movement MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between fundamental movement skills with response inhibition ability in children. From seven- to nine-year-old boys (age: 8/20±0/86 year), 80 subjects were randomly selected. To assess fundamental movement skills, ulrich test of gross motor development (TGMD-2) and to assess response inhibition ability the Computerized Stroop test were used. Statistical analysis of the data, using descriptive statistics and pearson correlation coefficient, showed that, there was significant negative correlation between percentile score of manipulative and locomotor skills and gross motor quotient with the variables of response inhibition ability. These findings indicate that, better performance in fundamental movement skills, is associated with further ability to inhibit irrelevant responses in the Stroop test and vice versa. Overall, these findings suggest the need to consider both motor and cognitive development in children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
532 - The situation of children in armed conflict
ebrahim mashhadi masoud bitaneh musa musavi zenuzChildren are not the cause of armed conflict, but they have always suffered a lot in this regard in various ways. Therefore, since the largest share of injuries caused by armed conflict is to this group of civilians, therefore, humanitarian organizations and institution MoreChildren are not the cause of armed conflict, but they have always suffered a lot in this regard in various ways. Therefore, since the largest share of injuries caused by armed conflict is to this group of civilians, therefore, humanitarian organizations and institutions and governments have thought of supporting this vulnerable group. Children make up half of the victims of international and non-international (domestic) armed conflict. According to statistics, in more than 36 countries, children have been victims of armed conflict. Today, most of the armed conflicts are internal and the rate of destruction, violence and injuries to children and human casualties is very high and terrible. CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, ARMED CONFLICTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, GENERAL AND SPECIAL PROTECTION, UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, ARMED CONFLICTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, GENERAL AND SPECIAL PROTECTION, UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, ARMED CONFLICTS, INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON CHILDREN'S RIGHTS, GENERAL AND SPECIAL PROTECTION, UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
533 - A physical experience of the gender difference in the behavior and sensory perceptions of elementary school students about the home environment and family behavior with an emphasis on educational management (a case study of 7-9 year old girls and boy
Seyed Kasra Mirpadyab Moein Adham Kasmaei Mohammadreza Tabadar Mohammadreza Khoshzadeh MarkeThis research seeks to achieve a correct analysis with the observation and experience of the author's body to understand the gender difference in elementary school students' behavior and perception of the concept of home and family in their drawings. In order to see how MoreThis research seeks to achieve a correct analysis with the observation and experience of the author's body to understand the gender difference in elementary school students' behavior and perception of the concept of home and family in their drawings. In order to see how the child understands the existence of himself and his family inside the home. Therefore, like a native among the natives, the author tried to be present among the primary school students and in addition, he examined their behavior. The gender differentiation of their perception while drawing children's drawings has been explored. In this study, the statistical population was 172 children in elementary school, 86 boys and 86 girls. The data has been presented and analyzed with ethnographic narratives in the form of field note-comment anthology units, and then by analyzing the content of the students' paintings, we identified the parameters of their gender perception and the level of accuracy in drawing each gender. We analyzed the parameters. The results are in accordance with the previous studies on the gender difference in perception and show that children have a correct understanding of size, age, proportions and facts, and girls, unlike boys, pay attention to the beauty of appearance, details of clothes, and boys are more realistic in their drawings. They turn and the vehicle is seen in their drawings. The results are in accordance with the previous studies on the gender difference in perception and show that children have a correct understanding of size, age, proportions and facts, and girls, unlike boys, pay attention to the beauty of appearance, details of clothes, and boys are more realistic in their drawings. They turn and the vehicle is seen in their drawings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
534 - Designing an innovative management model for Ardabil Children's Center with an emphasis on creative thinking
Nazila Soleymani Javad Javan MajidiThe beginning of cultivating many human abilities starts from childhood, one of the most important of these abilities is creativity, creative thinking and establishing correct social relationships. In recent years, with the growth of the children's population, more atte MoreThe beginning of cultivating many human abilities starts from childhood, one of the most important of these abilities is creativity, creative thinking and establishing correct social relationships. In recent years, with the growth of the children's population, more attention has been paid to educational spaces. Unfortunately, in Iran, education is still carried out in a traditional way, which not only creates anxiety and tension in children and teenagers, but also causes the loss of creativity. Based on this, the aim of the current research was to design an innovative model of Ardabil Children's Center with an emphasis on creative thinking. The current research method is descriptive-analytical, which includes library studies to achieve the principles and criteria of children's design and architecture. The findings showed that in order to ensure the necessary visibility of the students and also to establish the class, there should not be any columns or building foundations in the classroom space. The height of the classroom is 3 meters in cold regions and 3.20 to 3.50 meters in tropical regions. The width of the board in the classroom is 70.2 to 3.60 meters and the minimum distance between the students and the board is 2.20 meters. Corridors should be designed in such a way that, in addition to the communication feature, a special event happens in it and the feeling of enthusiasm to continue moving and guidance for Find the desired point. Also, the use of ceiling skylights can provide adequate light for the space. In order to avoid the child's contact with the doors and windows that open to the movement paths, these paths should be created at a suitable distance from the walls of the building and avoid placing them in the vicinity of doors and windows. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
535 - The Effect of "Philosophy for Children" Program as Community of Inquiry on Improving Interpersonal Relationship of Primary School's Students
Mehrnoush Hedayati Yahya Gha’edi Abdollah Shafiabadi Gholamreza YounesiAbstract To investigate the effect of community of inquiry method on improvement of interpersonal relationship skills, based on Lipman’s theory, an experiment was conducted in Tehran primary schools among students of third, fourth and fifth grade. 190 boy and gir MoreAbstract To investigate the effect of community of inquiry method on improvement of interpersonal relationship skills, based on Lipman’s theory, an experiment was conducted in Tehran primary schools among students of third, fourth and fifth grade. 190 boy and girl students were randomly selected (97 boys, 93 girls) and assigned to experimental and control groups (88 experimental, 102 control). The experimental group was taught based on community of inquiry method for twelve 90-minute sessions. Cooper, Ardly & Asher questionnaire for students and Vir & Davin questionnaire for teachers were used as the instruments of the study for collecting data about interpersonal relationship skills. To examine the effect of treatment, the collected data were analyzed using various descriptive and inferential statistical techniques such as mean, standard of deviation, ANOVA, paired and independent T test. The comparison of pre-test's means of both experimental and control group didn't show any significant difference. But the results of pre-test and post-test of both experimental and control group indicate that the mean of post-test in experimental group is relatively more than that of pre-test in interpersonal relationship skills while the mean score of control group hasn't undertaken a significant difference in post-test. Moreover, the mean of experimental group in post-test is higher than that of control group in post-test. Besides, to investigate insolubility of implementation effect, again the students were rechecked after 4 months. The results have indicated the insolubility of effect. Therefore, this semi-experimental study has shown that implementing community of inquiry method has positively affected interpersonal relationship skills of the experimental group. The effect that remained unchanged for at least 4 months. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
536 - College Women's role in prevention of injury community family
Narges Babakhani Haniyeh Badieii Sahar PakdamanAbstract This study is examined the effects of women employment in Roudehen Islamic Azad University on the family economic, social, educational and cultural damage in prevention of family community injury. The research method is survey. To achieve this objective from, MoreAbstract This study is examined the effects of women employment in Roudehen Islamic Azad University on the family economic, social, educational and cultural damage in prevention of family community injury. The research method is survey. To achieve this objective from, the staff and faculty women of Roudehen Islamic Azad University, 100 people (40 officers, 60 teachers) were selected through stratified random sampling method. They were testing the questionnaire was made by the researcher. This includes components, family relationships, child education, Family economics and mental health. Accepted Reliability was 0.82. Hypotheses were tested in statistical analysis (descriptive and inferential) statistical methods (One T Test). The Result Shows The presence of women in the university have positive effects on Family relationships, child education, economic and welfare family status, and their mental health in prevention of families' social injuries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
537 - Study of Psychometric Properties of Aurora Successful Intelligence Questionnaire on 10-12 years old children (Self-report and Parents Form)
Sara Aghababaei Mahboobeh Mohammadsadeghi: The aim of this research was study of psychometric properties of Aurora successful intelligence questionnaire on 10-12 years old children (self-report and parents form) in order to assessment of children successful intelligence according to Sternberg’s theory of More: The aim of this research was study of psychometric properties of Aurora successful intelligence questionnaire on 10-12 years old children (self-report and parents form) in order to assessment of children successful intelligence according to Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence. 300 children 10-12 years old were selected through cluster sampling method and 300 their parents were tested with Aurora questionnaires. The factor analysis of data was performed through Amos software. Fit indices in self-report form show that data slightly fit with model and in parents form data fully fit with model. Moreover, the correlation between self-report questionnaire total score and memory, analytical, practical and creative abilities were 0.88, 0.91, 0.92, and 0.89 and in parents form were 0.90, 0.94, .091 and 0.93, respectively. Alpha for self-report form total score was equal to 0.92 and for parents form was 0.95. Aurora questionnaires (self-report and parents forms) can be an appropriate and valid instrument for assessment successful intelligence in children aged 9-12 according to Sternberg’s theory of successful intelligence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
538 - Diagnostic validity of the testChildren (CAT.S) in students with emotional disorders
adele gholami Kambiz Kamkary shohreh shokrzadehIn this Research, the "diagnostic validity of the Child Recognition Test (CAT.S) in students with emotional disorders" and the main question of the research is whether the Child Recognition Test (CAT.S) for students with emotional disorders Does it have diagno MoreIn this Research, the "diagnostic validity of the Child Recognition Test (CAT.S) in students with emotional disorders" and the main question of the research is whether the Child Recognition Test (CAT.S) for students with emotional disorders Does it have diagnostic validity? The present research design was presented in the field of psychometric designs. The statistical population consists of all students with emotional disorders. Using targeted sampling method, available and referred to medical centers, 60 as a clinical sample (emotional disorder) and 60 as normative students. They were selected and then the test was performed in both groups using the children's entrance test. It should be noted that first, from the referring students, an interview with the parents and then a behavioral observation checklist with emphasis on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were prepared and 60 children were considered. Finally, 120 students were selected as the sample. The measurement tool in the present Research is the Child Admission Test (CAT-S) which has good validity and reliability. Finally, in the present study, in order to evaluate the diagnostic validity of the mentioned instrument, the coefficient of sensitivity and Clarification was used and the findings showed that Cards 1 to 7 have a coefficient of sensitivity and clarity and can be known. Distinguish students with emotional disorders from normative students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
539 - Diagnostic validity of working memory scale, fifth editionWechsler intelligence scale in preschool children with attention deficit disorder
Kambiz Kamkary fatemeh hosseini moghaddamIn this research, the "diagnostic validity of the working memory scale of the fifth version of the Wechsler IQ scale in preschool children with attention deficit disorder" has been discussed. The main question of the research is whether the fifth version of th MoreIn this research, the "diagnostic validity of the working memory scale of the fifth version of the Wechsler IQ scale in preschool children with attention deficit disorder" has been discussed. The main question of the research is whether the fifth version of the Wechsler children's intelligence scale has diagnostic validity in preschool children with attention deficit disorder. The current research method is in the field of psychometric researchs, which is a subset of the methodological research method. The research population consists of all preschool children with attention deficit disorder, which were selected as the sample size using the available targeted sampling method of 120 preschool children with attention deficit disorder. The measurement Instrument in this research is the fifth version of Wechsler's intelligence scale for children, which has good validity and reliability. The statistical model used in this research to determine the diagnostic validity is the scatterplot method (Davis method) and the confidence interval method. Finally, the findings of the research showed that using the scatterplot method in the fifth edition of the "number capacity", "image capacity" and "number-letter sequence" tests have diagnostic validity. Also, by emphasizing the confidence interval method, working memory scale in diagnosing preschool children with attention deficit disorder has diagnostic validity and can distinguish preschool children with attention deficit disorder from other students. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
540 - WISC-R is alive in Iran: Standardization of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised (WISC-R) in the 15 years children
mehriar nadrmohammadi maryam shafiepourObjective: Due to the increasing use of the WISC-R in Iran clinical centers and not been standardized this test in 15 years old children. The purpose of this study was standardizing the WISC-R in 15 years old children.Method: This research was descriptive. 120 subjects MoreObjective: Due to the increasing use of the WISC-R in Iran clinical centers and not been standardized this test in 15 years old children. The purpose of this study was standardizing the WISC-R in 15 years old children.Method: This research was descriptive. 120 subjects (60 girls and 60 boys) were selected by random sampling in three age groups (4 months apart). Descriptive statistics parameters of raw scores of sub-scales were calculated and raw scores were converted to standard scores using non-linear transformation using Z table. The standard scores of each subscale were converted linearly to a scaled score with an average of 10 and standard deviation of 3 ss=((z*3)+10) . Reliability of verbal, performance and total subscales were evaluated the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The mean of verbal, performance and total intelligence was calculated.Results: For each of age groups obtained convert tables for transformation raw scores to scaled scores. The mean and standard deviation of row scores in all three age groups were calculated in 12 subscales. Using the scores of the 10 original subscales, the average of verbal, performance and the full scale intelligence respectively were VIQ=96.93, PIQ=97.12 FSIQ=96.69. The average relibility (Cronbach's alpha) of the verbal, performance and total subscales respectively were α=0.82, 0.71, 0.84. Conclusion: Regarding these results, it can be stated that WISC-R can be used to determine the intelligence in 15 years old students and until the standardization of the latest versions of WISC conversion tables can be used by counselors, psychologists for this age group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
541 - Construction and validation of interpersonal intelligence test on children aged 7 to 12 years in Hamadan
Safoura Atarod Khosro Rashid Abolghasem Yaghoobi Syed Ali Hosseini AlmadaniAim of this research was construct and validate an Interpersonal intelligence test in 7-12-year-old children in Hamadan city. The current research was a descriptive-survey method and a test validation type. The research population included parents of elementary school c MoreAim of this research was construct and validate an Interpersonal intelligence test in 7-12-year-old children in Hamadan city. The current research was a descriptive-survey method and a test validation type. The research population included parents of elementary school children in Hamedan. The research sample was 577 parents of elementary school students who were randomly selected and answered the researcher-made test and the Mackenzie Multiple Intelligence Test (1999). Pearson correlation, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha method were used to analyze the data. The Results obtained from the exploratory factor analysis showed that the researcher-made test consists of two factors: attention to the emotions of others and empathy. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the two-factor structure of the researcher-made test. Content validity was obtained using the opinion of experts and 0.81. The correlation between the researcher-made test and the McKenzie interpersonal intelligence test was 0.59, which was significant (p<0.01). The reliability of the whole test was 0.90 using Cronbach's alpha method and 0.91 for attention to the emotions of others, 0.88 for empathy. Thus, it can be said that the researcher-made test of interpersonal intelligence in the sample of 7-12-year-old Iranian children has acceptable psychometric properties, and experts in the fields of psychology can use this tool in their research Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
542 - psychometric properties of the third version of the system of assessment of children's behavior (BASC-3) in students with learning disabilities
Sheyda Sanaii Shohreh Shokrzadeh Kambiz KamkariIn the present Research, the psychometric properties of the third version of the system of assessment of children's behavior in students with learning disabilities were discussed. The main question was thus elaborated on whether the third version of the system for measu MoreIn the present Research, the psychometric properties of the third version of the system of assessment of children's behavior in students with learning disabilities were discussed. The main question was thus elaborated on whether the third version of the system for measuring children's behavior in students with learning disabilities characterized by Is it desirable to have a psychometric measurement? The present research is in the field of psychometric planning. The present Research population is comprised of all students with learning disabilities who have referred to Tehran's learning disability centers. Therefore, 120 samples were selected as sample through a targeted sampling method. The third version of the child's behavior assessment system, which has a valid and reliable validity in the original version, was selected. Finally, the results of the research showed that the third version of the child's behavior assessment system using two alpha-Cronbach methods and Spilit-halph with Spearman-Brown correction was used to examine the validity coefficients of the coefficients of 0.84 and 0.83 Which indicates that the internal consistency is desirable; also, the coefficient of stability in the present Research is 0.83 which indicates the repeatability of the Instrument. Finally, in order to verify the validity of the construct, confirmatory factor analysis was used and it was determined that the share of factor loading is the third version of the child behavior assessment system 67/03 and, given that it is more than 40%, it is stated that The third version of the children's behavior assessment system for emotional and behavioral screening is appropriate for students with learning disabilities and the questions of the Instrument can be used to screen the emotional and behavioral patterns of students with learning disabilities. Also, in accordance with the concurrent criterion, the correlation between the emotional and behavioral screening system with the Rutter behavioral disorder questionnaire was used and the correlation coefficient was 0.60 which indicates that the criterion validity is of the same type. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
543 - Comparison of Psychological needs and perceived stress by C.A.T test and Drawing Family divorced children and normal children
سحر حیاتلو نرگس باباخانیthe purpose of the present study was to compare psychological needs and perceived stress based on children's and children's tests and family drawing tests It was divorced and inaccurate in children. In this comparative study, the statistical Morethe purpose of the present study was to compare psychological needs and perceived stress based on children's and children's tests and family drawing tests It was divorced and inaccurate in children. In this comparative study, the statistical population consisted of primary school children, elementary schools in Tehran, among them 60 children of ordinary families and 60 children living in divorced families, in a non-random manner and in Available as sample and matched. The instruments used in this research were Family Draw Test and Children's Anesthesia Test. The results of square test showed that in all perceived stress variables based on the family drawing test (removal from the drawing, parental removal from the drawing, parenting with distance, deletion of the organs of the body, lack of color variation There was a significant difference between the normal children and the divorce in painting using cold colors (p <0.05). Also, comparing the psychological needs of children based on the children's and children's tests on the variables of the child's matching with the parents, the fear of violence or hostile acts in the child, the independence and dependence on the child, the child's fear of being rejected and staying alone, with 95% confidence between normal children And divorce is statistically significant. But in the other components, the scale of the psychological needs includes the competition of the child with the sister and brother, the reconciliation with the younger brother or sister, the child's conception of parental sexual intercourse, the anxiety and the use of the defense mechanism, the child's perception of kindness and parental punishment, There is no significant difference between normal children and divorce in the toilet, walking, cleaning and parental behavior (p> 0.05). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
544 - Developing a Philosophy-Based Curriculum for children with an exploratory approach in the fourth elementary school
tahereh nezamianpoor ladan salimi vahid fallahThe purpose of the research is to develop a curriculum for the teaching of philosophy for children with an exploratory approach in the fourth elementary school. This research has been conducted as a qualitative research using qualitative case study method. Participants MoreThe purpose of the research is to develop a curriculum for the teaching of philosophy for children with an exploratory approach in the fourth elementary school. This research has been conducted as a qualitative research using qualitative case study method. Participants in the qualitative section were professionals, scholars, and researchers in the field of philosophy and curriculum. Using the snowball sampling technique and theoretical saturation, interviews were conducted with keynote speakers. Using the findings, the curriculum framework for legal education for high school philosophy for children with scientific research approach was developed for the fourth elementary element in the form of four design elements and curriculum. The content elements include (classification, allegory, total relationship, and other, the relation of the medium and the purpose and the meanings) the element of the method included (discussion Group development, group development, question and answer, narrator intervention, thought expression, brainstorming, scientific excavation) and evaluation (internal, process, outsourcing, feedback) were considered in curriculum design and design Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
545 - A Comparative Study of Islam and Divid Vikart’s View on Early Childhood Education
محمدحسین Heydari Sh Hosseini زهره SaadatmandAbstractIncreasing number of applicants for early childhood education, the need for working parents and the need of society, and solving existing problems in childhood education demonstrate the necessity of providing quality and rich programs in this course. For this re MoreAbstractIncreasing number of applicants for early childhood education, the need for working parents and the need of society, and solving existing problems in childhood education demonstrate the necessity of providing quality and rich programs in this course. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to compare the teachings of Islam and Divid Vikart in the field of early childhood education. This qualitative research utilized a transcendental analytic method. In the findings section, first, through coding, the content of ViKart’s works were analyzed, through which concepts such as education and learning based on growth, active learning, applying the problem solving method, all-round growth, observational measurement, and having a relationship between home and school were identified. About the education of preschool children, in Islamic teachings too, some concepts, such as Islamic-based education, the development of thinking skills, interaction of the home, society and preschool centers, alternative measurements (real), child-centered, the development of national children's identities, attention to differences, the decentralized curriculum and all-round education were identified and introduced. Through reviewing the Codified concepts, the similarities and differences between the views of Islam and Vikart were appeared in the field of early childhood education. As a result, according to the findings, it is expected that, in line with the effectiveness of early childhood education programs and the growth and development of children, from the findings of this research can be used in order to insight into the goals, content, principles, methods and the manner of evaluation of early childhood education. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
546 - Managing the factors influencing the spiritual education of preschool children by presenting a model
mahdi bayati سید شمس الدین Hashemi علیرضا Faghihi۱۱۷۹/۵۰۰۰The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the spiritual education of preschool children and provide a model. In terms of purpose, research can be considered as applied research and in terms of mixed nature (qualitative and quantitative). The More۱۱۷۹/۵۰۰۰The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the spiritual education of preschool children and provide a model. In terms of purpose, research can be considered as applied research and in terms of mixed nature (qualitative and quantitative). The research community in the qualitative section (extraction of factors affecting children's spiritual upbringing) were related internal and external sources, which were selected using targeted sampling method and snowball and helped the researcher to saturate the information. In the quantitative section, the total number of preschool teachers in the north, south, east, west and center of Tehran was 5,000, and according to Karajsi and Morgan table, 358 of them were estimated as a sample and through stratified sampling method. O were selected in proportion to the volume ... The research findings in the qualitative section indicated that the spiritual education of preschool children is influenced by three main factors: sense of awareness, sense of worth and mystical feeling. In the quantitative section, the instructors of the preschool course in Tehran confirmed the validity of the extracted model. Therefore, policy makers and curriculum planners in preschool and elementary school can take appropriate measures to implement the desired and quality of spiritual development by using the conceptual model extracted. Instructors will also be able to apply the existing model based on practical teaching experiences to have more meaningful spiritual teaching. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
547 - Provide a practical model for improving the health quality of primary school children through life skills training
Farah Abbasi Hamidreza Motamed Alireza Ghasemi ZadThe aim of this study was to provide a practical model for improving the quality of health of primary school children through life skills training. The nature of research in terms of implementation is qualitative (phenomenological). The sample size (25 people) was selec MoreThe aim of this study was to provide a practical model for improving the quality of health of primary school children through life skills training. The nature of research in terms of implementation is qualitative (phenomenological). The sample size (25 people) was selected from among primary school teachers in Bushehr province based on a purposeful method. Data collection continued through in-depth interviews until saturation. Validity of the research instrument was performed by 10 experts through the technique of auditing and reliability of the collected information based on the criteria: acceptability, transferability, reliability, and verifiability. After coding the data, 93 key phrases, 12 sub-themes and five general themes were extracted as practical strategies for improving children's health as follows: Cognitive skills (self-awareness, decision-making); Preventive skills (health assistants, life accident training); Intellectual skills (problem solving thinking, creative thinking, critical thinking, media literacy); Communication skills (effective communication with others, mutual empathy); Coping skills (developing emotional intelligence, stress management, emotion management). The research model was drawn based on general themes. Teaching life skills as an independent subject in primary school was recommended by most teachers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
548 - Presenting ideal parameters for rewriting and story selection drawing from epic works especially Shahnameh in child and Young adult Literature
Pariya Ansari عبدالحسین فرزادThe present article is the outcome of a library research made in order to promote the quality of the rewritten texts drawn from epic works with emphasis on the cognitive, emotional, and social development parameters for the child and adolescent. The first step tow MoreThe present article is the outcome of a library research made in order to promote the quality of the rewritten texts drawn from epic works with emphasis on the cognitive, emotional, and social development parameters for the child and adolescent. The first step towards achieving this aim is to present the theoretical basis of rewriting the epic works in child and adolescent literature and then the brief history of the rewritten works as far as national interests is concerned with particular emphasis on Shahnameh is investigated. Next the characteristics of the child’s development in different ages are classified and based on that information the general and specialized regulations for rewriting the ancient epic works are evaluated. Based on this analysis, the ideal parameters for choosing a story and rewriting epic works compatible with mental capacities and different cognitive abilities addressed at child and young adult in different ages are suggested and summed up. Finally, to show the matter in practice examples of these ideal parameters in comparison with their inefficient adaptations of Shahnameh stories are provided. The present research is a scientific method for presenting ideal parameters for story selection in other literary genres too. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
549 - Tracing the custom of parental interference and their role in the marriage of their children in Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh
Pashing Delavari Mahdi Kargar Khosro Jalili Kohne Shahri Bahram KhoshnudiThe discussion regarding the custom of parental interference and their role in their children’s marriage in the light of the latest statistics of the civil Registration Organization in 1398 based on the fact that more than 30% of marriage end in divorce is one of MoreThe discussion regarding the custom of parental interference and their role in their children’s marriage in the light of the latest statistics of the civil Registration Organization in 1398 based on the fact that more than 30% of marriage end in divorce is one of the chief discussions in sociology of family, therefore any research in this field that could in any way help the officials or researchers in this domain to find the underlying causes and factors in order to prevent divorce or reduce its rate would be enlightening. Considering the importance of the subject the present article selected Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh, the oldest Persian source as a statistical community that incorporates different models of marriage. The role of parental interference in the marriage of the children was further investigated by using qualitative research method and data analysis to reveal the frequency in which this problem led to divorce in history. The results obtained showed that in all 21 marriages fathers played crucial role in the marriages of their children while mothers were only responsible for three cases. It was also determined that more than 60% of marriages were arranged and in all of them the father played the dominant role. 93% of arranged or imposed marriages belonged to daughters and more than 80% of the arranged marriages reported in Shahnameh were unsuccessful. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
550 - Study on the personality and role of the child,bastour, Yadegar zariran with struc turalism approach.
Manuchehr Alipoor Habibollah Abbasi Elaheh hajihaYadegar zariran is one of the ancient epic texts of Iran, the old version of which dates back to the Parthian period. The purpose of this article is to show the image of a child in the literary structure of Yadegar Zariran. In this research, an attempt was made to inves MoreYadegar zariran is one of the ancient epic texts of Iran, the old version of which dates back to the Parthian period. The purpose of this article is to show the image of a child in the literary structure of Yadegar Zariran. In this research, an attempt was made to investigate the role of "Bastour" as a seven-year-old child in this epic text, using a descriptive-analytical method and a structuralist approach. The results obtained in this study show that the very bold and dual presence of the bed in the monument of Zariran, on the one hand as a seven-year-old child and on the other hand, as a warrior, in addition to increasing the story's appeal to the text, has Demonstrate epic etiquette for the presence of the child. Also, according to the theory of structuralism, some dual confrontations such as the confrontation of children and adults, the confrontation of writing and speech, the confrontation of Iranians and Khyunans, In this text, it is analyzed that from this perspective, Zariran monument can attract children as the audience of epic texts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
551 - The study of Shahnameh’s realistic tales’ potential for presenting to children
Fatemeh Farzin Mahmoud Tavoosi Maryam Jalali mehdi mahooziSince Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh include captivating tales, it has attracted the attention of writers of children and adolescent to a large extent. A child having the specific characteristics of his age group requires his own needs in order to acquire scientific k MoreSince Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh include captivating tales, it has attracted the attention of writers of children and adolescent to a large extent. A child having the specific characteristics of his age group requires his own needs in order to acquire scientific knowledge and sources in any form even narrative one therefore the present article written using descriptive analytic method and for gathering data made use of library studies is an attempt to study the potential of certain realistic tales in Shahnameh which include issues such as battle scenes, historical, social, romantic, mystical, and moral themes according to child’s age group so that by using strategies such as rewriting, revising, and so on render the ancient text of Shahnameh more appropriate for the age group in question. In this way these realistic captivating tales can attract the attention of the younger audience, so that they can relate to them in their everyday life. Moreover, those stories which deal with one or number of heroes because of their adventurous nature and content and their palpability to man’s life could set an example for children with their creative minds. Inducing the feelings of identification in the audience, the presence of actual child characters in realistic tales of Shahnameh also could serve as an important factor in increasing the potential of the tales to capture the attention of children.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
552 - Guardianship and adoption in Shahnameh Ferdowsi according to convention of children’s rights (1989)
somayeh ershadi Ahmad ZakeriAbstract The relationship between guardianship and adoption is a legal one. It has certain characteristics and necessitates special circumstances which according to its historical background and particular outlook in ancient Persia, various examples of it are seen MoreAbstract The relationship between guardianship and adoption is a legal one. It has certain characteristics and necessitates special circumstances which according to its historical background and particular outlook in ancient Persia, various examples of it are seen in Shahnameh. The purpose of this study is to examine different aspects of the rights of these adopted children in Shahnameh and to analyze the cases according to the articles of the convention of children’s rights. This document, Shahnameh is the first international agreement which supports the children’s rights and respects the same rights and privileges of a natural child for the adopted ones to the best interests of child. Different studies demonstrate that the guardianship and adoptions in Shahnameh had roots in social, political, and cultural factors and the economic coercion by no means had any role in the affair, the main concern being the cultivation and raising of children irrespective of winning the benefits gained in the process. The overall attention of the guardians towards the rights of these children are indeed praiseworthy. The emotional aspect in particular is an integral part of the guardian’s responsibility unlike the weak performances seen from some families in this regard. Keywords: Guardianship, adoption, the convention of children’s rights, child, Shahnameh Ferdowsi. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
553 - Are fairy tales addressed to Children?
Afsaneh Varasteh farBerno Betelheim in “Psychoanalysis of fairy tales “provides a psychoanalytic interpretation of the fairy tales. This book immediately after publishing in the West received a wide range of readers. Inspired by Freud, Berno Betelheim in this work, MoreBerno Betelheim in “Psychoanalysis of fairy tales “provides a psychoanalytic interpretation of the fairy tales. This book immediately after publishing in the West received a wide range of readers. Inspired by Freud, Berno Betelheim in this work, psychoanalyses the elements of the tales, demonstrates how these tales help to solve childhood problems, and facilitates the growth of child’s character. In this article, attempt is made to use a sociological approach to show that at a time when the society did not have an understanding of childhood, it was not feasible to tell stories and fairy tales for children. Also, a psychoanalytic interpretation of childhood belongs to a modern society whereas these tales appeared well before the modern times. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
554 - Raciting Shahnameh, in Passing from myth to tale for children
Roghieh SheibanifarThis research deals with the investigation of how Shahnameh is used for today’s children based on the theory of “Shahnameh moving from myth to tale”. The essence of Shahnameh containing a period of Iran’s mythological history, is based upon the P MoreThis research deals with the investigation of how Shahnameh is used for today’s children based on the theory of “Shahnameh moving from myth to tale”. The essence of Shahnameh containing a period of Iran’s mythological history, is based upon the Persian myths which with passage of time have turned into allegories in Shahnameh and have left their positive and negative characteristics in the mysteries, secrets, symbols and messages of the stories some of which do not correspond with the children’ world. Therefore, for familiarizing children with the stories of Shahnameh it seems appropriate to put aside the negative characteristics of myths as far as child’s culture is concerned and concentrate on the positive aspects and in this way sections of the story in a format of a short story can artistically and literarily be presented to them in a simple language. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
555 - Romanticism from England to Iran: A glance at the manifestation of Romanticism in the poetry of William Blake and Parvin E’tesami
Maryam KhademThe purpose of this article is to explain the school of Romanticism, speak of its root, discuss its characteristics, and to discuss lyrical poetry in this school, hence to take another step towards making this school better known. Then upon discussing the subject MoreThe purpose of this article is to explain the school of Romanticism, speak of its root, discuss its characteristics, and to discuss lyrical poetry in this school, hence to take another step towards making this school better known. Then upon discussing the subject of manifestation of Romanticism in the Persian literary style, an analytical comparison was made between “ the chimney Sweeper” composed by William Blake and “ Orphan Child” composed by Parvin E’tesami to exemplify the influence of this trend in the poetry of these two poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
556 - A glance at reproductions of MasnaviMaanavi for children and young adults
Farzaneh OkhovatOld Persian language and literature is a rare treasure of stories and anecdotes whose conveyance to children and young adults is the responsibility of devoted writers of this land. Without a doubt the manner to convey this treasured legacy demands thorough underst MoreOld Persian language and literature is a rare treasure of stories and anecdotes whose conveyance to children and young adults is the responsibility of devoted writers of this land. Without a doubt the manner to convey this treasured legacy demands thorough understanding and familiarity with works and the audience it is addressed to, employing new and creative methods. In this article after examining the works published in the last fifty years, attempt is made to analyze the degree of attention paid to this subject and how the author of children’s books has tackled the tales of Moulana to retell the tales of Masnavi . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
557 - Evaluation of factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5)
ali pirzad ghasem ahiThere have been major changes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) compared to previous versions. This study was aimed to examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 ( MoreThere have been major changes in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) compared to previous versions. This study was aimed to examine the factor structure, validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5). In this descriptive study with factor analysis approach, 300 students aged 12 to 18 years old in Birjand were selected by cluster sampling method and were evaluated by using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- short form (SCARED-71). The results of the study showed that the internal validity of the part I I and part II of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5) were in range of 0.71 to 0.90 and 0.65 to 0.91, respectively. The criterion validity of the scale by using Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders- short form (SCARED-71) showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the YAM-5 and components of SCARED-71, in a range of 0.12 to 0.74. Validity in the internal consistency showed that the correlation between each of the five components together that set in a range of 0.38 to 0.56 were lower than correlation between each of the five components and total score that set in a range of 0.69 to 0.83. According to the results of this study, the importance of measuring anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, the lack of suitable standardized tools in our country, and the validity and reliability of the Youth Anxiety Measure for DSM-5 (YAM-5), it is recommended to professionals and researchers to use this tool Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
558 - Investigating the differential role of childhood trauma and cognitive istortions associated with clinical symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder
katayoon Hosseini Esmail SoleimaniObsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the prevalent mental disorders which is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive and compulsive behaviors. OCD is a debilitating disorder that makes a person''''''''s life difficult. This studies’ aim was to invest MoreObsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the prevalent mental disorders which is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive and compulsive behaviors. OCD is a debilitating disorder that makes a person''''''''s life difficult. This studies’ aim was to investigate the differential role of childhood trauma and cognitive distortions associated with clinical symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The research method was descriptive correlational. 201 male and female students were selected from all students of Urmia University by convenience sampling method and then evaluated for obsessive-compulsive symptoms, exposure to child abuse and cognitive distortions. The results of regression analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the dimensions of childhood trauma and cognitive distortions with the clinical symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Also, regression analysis revealed that approximately 32% of the of the total variance of the clinical symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder is predictable based on the variables of childhood trauma and cognitive distortions, and the cognitive distortions variable has a greater share. This study supports the association of clinical symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder with childhood trauma and cognitive distortions in clients. It seems that Childhood abuse experiences are a powerful predictor of severe behavioral and psychosocial consequences, like obsessive-compulsive disorder; and exposure to childhood trauma can predict obsessive-compulsive disorder and cognitive distortions in adulthood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
559 - Prediction early maladaptive schemas based on parent child relationship patterns and attachment styles
atefeh khorasani zade tahere ranjbaripour Hamid Poursharifi fariborz bagheri jafar pouyamaneshEarly maladaptive schemas are profound, inclusive and ineffective patterns developed in childhood or adolescence, continue in adulthood, and act at the deepest level of cognition-in a way the person does not know about them. Typically, schemas are supposed to be develop MoreEarly maladaptive schemas are profound, inclusive and ineffective patterns developed in childhood or adolescence, continue in adulthood, and act at the deepest level of cognition-in a way the person does not know about them. Typically, schemas are supposed to be developed as a result of initial experiences with attachment manifestations. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of attachment styles as a mediator in parent-child relationship patterns with early maladaptive schemas. For this purpose, 420 students of Azad University of Tehran in the academic year of 2017-2018 were selected through availability sampling and were evaluated for parental-child relationship patterns, schemas and attachment. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that among the components of mother-child relationship pattern " control, intertwine , inflexibility and indifference", and among the components of father-child relationship pattern " intertwine " , and among attachment styles, " ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles" were meaningful predictors of early maladaptive schemas. It seems that through modifying parent-child relationship patterns and considering attachment styles, we can prevent the formation of maladaptive schemas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
560 - Predicting Children's Anxiety Based on Parents' Reaction to Their Negative Emotions with Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation
parvaneh roitvandghiasvand maryam esmaeilinasab emad ashrafiGiven the prominent role of the family in the mental health of child, it seems reasonable to predict family-based factors because the family is considered as a socio-cultural system that has a set of rules; So that the impact of family on members is such that many resea MoreGiven the prominent role of the family in the mental health of child, it seems reasonable to predict family-based factors because the family is considered as a socio-cultural system that has a set of rules; So that the impact of family on members is such that many researchers consider them as a main cause of disorders. The aim of this study was to predict children's anxiety based on parents' reactions to their negative emotions with mediating role of emotion regulation. In this respect, a descriptive-correlational study was performed and 232 preschool children and their parents in the city of Tehran were selected through the convenience sampling method and investigated in terms of children's anxiety symptoms, coping with children's negative emotions, and emotion regulation. Multiple regression analysis and Bootstrap and Sable tests showed that parents' reaction to children's negative emotions affects children's anxiety by emotion regulation. Parents' reaction also predicted anxiety and emotion regulation, and emotion regulation predicted children's anxiety as well. It seems that just as parents' reaction to children's negative emotions play a role in children's anxiety, so does children's emotion regulation play an important role in their anxiety. It can be expected appropriate emotion regulation in children is as a barrier to parents' inappropriate reaction and anxiety caused by it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
561 - The effectiveness of schema therapy on emotional deprivation, anxiety, depression and stress in women with functional dyspepsia in Isfahan
parisa fadavinia felor khayatanSchemas are deep beliefs that shape how people view things and They are usually the result of unsatisfied basic needs, especially the emotional needs of childhood. People with psychosomatic disorders have more dysfunctional and maladaptive schemas than healthy people. T MoreSchemas are deep beliefs that shape how people view things and They are usually the result of unsatisfied basic needs, especially the emotional needs of childhood. People with psychosomatic disorders have more dysfunctional and maladaptive schemas than healthy people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on emotional deprivation, anxiety, depression and stress in women with functional dyspepsia in Isfahan. For this purpose, in a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and control group, 16 women with functional dyspepsia in Isfahan were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 8 people experimental and control. Schema therapy sessions were held in groups of 8 90-minute sessions. Subjects were assessed for stress, anxiety, depression and emotional deprivation schemas before and after the intervention. The results of analysis of covariance showed that schema therapy significantly reduced emotional deprivation, anxiety, depression and stress in the experimental group compared to the control group. It can be concluded that Schema therapy is an effective intervention in improving the mental health of patients with functional dyspepsia and reducing the components of emotional deprivation, anxiety, depression and stress due to the correction of maladaptive schemas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
562 - Comparing executive functions inhibition response and sustained attention in children with learning disabilities in mathematics and normal children
Majid Mahmood Alilou Toraj Hashemi Nosratabad Abolfazle FallahiExecutive functions, are higher cognitive and meta-cognitive functions which fulfills a collection of high capacity, inhibition, self-starting, strategic planning, cognitive flexibility and control of impulse. This aim of this study was to compare executive functions re MoreExecutive functions, are higher cognitive and meta-cognitive functions which fulfills a collection of high capacity, inhibition, self-starting, strategic planning, cognitive flexibility and control of impulse. This aim of this study was to compare executive functions response inhibition and sustained attention in children with learning disabilities in mathematics and normal children. To this end, in a comparative ex post facto study the statistical population were pupils in fourth and fifth grade of elementary from Tabriz city. 30 children with learning disabilities were selected and matched from available samples and multi-stage cluster from this population (disabilities in mathematics and normal children), in terms of intelligence. The participants were tested in terms of executive functions response inhibition and sustained attention. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that there is a significant difference between normal children and children with learning disabilities in mathematics, in terms of executive functions inhibition response and sustained attention. The results indicated that children with learning disabilities in mathematics had weaker performance than normal in terms of executive functions response inhibition and sustained attention. Therefore, for treatment interventions for these children, more attention should be paid to the role of executive function deficits Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
563 - Psychometric analysis scale of dysfunctional attitude towards children and adolescents
Omid Shokri Hossein Pour Shahriar Maryam Aghayi Mohammad Hossein Sanayi pourDepression schemas appear in the form of dysfunctional attitude and they are effective at all stages of information and process of information processing, including receiving, code switching and retrieving information from memory and the surroundings. The ai MoreDepression schemas appear in the form of dysfunctional attitude and they are effective at all stages of information and process of information processing, including receiving, code switching and retrieving information from memory and the surroundings. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric version of children and adolescents scale of dysfunctional attitude among Iranian group of adolescents. To this end, through a descriptive study, 214 adolescents (96 males and 118 females) were tested with DAS-CA dysfunctional attitude scale. Factorial validity of dysfunctional attitude scale was assessed using principal component analysis and internal consistency using cronbach's alpha dysfunctional attitude scale. To study the construct validity, the correlation coefficient between dimensions of the dysfunctional attitude scale was studied with positive emotion. Principal components analysis with Oblimin rotation indicated that dysfunctional attitude scale has been formed of two factor of individual-oriented perfectionism, and community-based perfectionism (the need for social approval). The results of the correlation between dimensions of dysfunctional attitude with positive emotion supports the construct validity of the scale of dysfunctional attitudes, empirically. Values of coefficient internal consistency of dysfunctional attitude scale for individual-oriented perfectionism, and community-based perfectionism are 72.0 and 78.0, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that dysfunctional attitude scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing the concept of dysfunctional attitudes in Iranian adolescents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
564 - Psychometric properties and factor structure of children and adolescents' hopelessness scale
Vahid Nejati Nasrin Esmaielian Omid AmaniHopelessness, or negative expectations about the future is an emotional state, in which the subset of the main emotion is sadness. It causes depression and helplessness and kills one’s motivation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliabil MoreHopelessness, or negative expectations about the future is an emotional state, in which the subset of the main emotion is sadness. It causes depression and helplessness and kills one’s motivation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the children and adolescents' hopelessness scale in Iran’s society. To this end, 244 students from 8 to 15 years of age in Tehran city were tested by children and adolescence’s hopelessness scale and children's hope scale. Exploratory factor analysis indicted that children’s hopelessness scale has a three factor scale. There was a negative correlation and significant difference between the lack of understanding the way to achieve the objectives, lack of feeling subjectivity, the total score of children and adolescence’s hopelessness scale with the received hope scale. This reflected the divergent validity of the children’s hope scale. Findings indicated internal consistency and eligible reliability of this scale in Iranian students. Many studies support the results of the current research and confirm the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. In this research, a promising evidence about the psychometric properties of children and adolescence’s hopelessness scale was received in Iranian society. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
565 - Effectiveness of Children’s Management Skills Training in Decrease of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Hadi Pordel Majid Mahmood Lilo Azar Tajvar Maryam HejaziporAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder emerges during childhood and presents parents with various problems. The research purpose is to assess the effectiveness of children’s management skills training in the decrease of their attention deficit hyperactivity diso MoreAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder emerges during childhood and presents parents with various problems. The research purpose is to assess the effectiveness of children’s management skills training in the decrease of their attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, the research employed a semi-experimental method with pre-test-post-test design and a sample of 24 mothers whose children had been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was selected through convenience sampling and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 9 sessions of children’s management skills training and was assessed with clinical interview and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder scale regarding their children. Multivariate variance analysis indicated that children’s management skill training is effective in decreasing the symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsiveness. However, no significant effectiveness was observed in terms of attention deficit. Overall, this training can be employed as a preventive program to enable mothers to deal effectively with their children who are diagnosed with such disorder. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
566 - Criminal liability of children and adolescents in Iranian and English jurisprudence
Nasim SaghiriThis article aims to investigate the criminal liability policies for children in Iran and England, with the goal of understanding the gradual or immediate nature of juvenile criminal responsibility, the investigative and prosecutorial process for juvenile crimes, and ho MoreThis article aims to investigate the criminal liability policies for children in Iran and England, with the goal of understanding the gradual or immediate nature of juvenile criminal responsibility, the investigative and prosecutorial process for juvenile crimes, and how these two legal systems respond to crimes committed by minors. In Iran's legislative policy, criminal responsibility is gradual, with the age of 9 as the starting point for partial criminal responsibility and the age of 18 as the beginning of full criminal responsibility, primarily for crimes subject to hadd and qisas (retaliation) punishments. In contrast, in England's criminal policy, gradual criminal responsibility is applied to all crimes, considering the age of 10 as the threshold for relative criminal responsibility.The emphasis on specialized juvenile courts in Iran and the right of police and prosecutors to intervene in investigations and prosecutions in all cases in the English legal system, as well as the detention of juveniles in both legal systems, are among the findings of this research. In terms of responses to juvenile crimes in both legal systems, we observe rehabilitative approaches and diversion policies, although the diversity of punitive responses in the English legal system has made it more capable of achieving a desirable level of proportionality between the crime and punishment compared to the Iranian legal system. Manuscript profile
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