The Effectiveness of Parent-Child Relationship Education Based on Acceptance and Commitment, and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Mothers' Life Satisfaction

Subject Areas : Tectonostratigraphy

Mehrali Babaei Miardan ¹ , Seyyed Davoud Hosseininasab ² , Alinaghi Aghdasi ³

1 - Ph.D. Student, Department of educational psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 - Professor, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

Received: 2023-02-18 Accepted : 2023-05-08 Published : 2023-10-23

Keywords: life satisfaction, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, acceptance and commitment, Parent-child relationships,

Abstract :

Background and purpose: Today, experiencing a satisfying life is the basic need of human societies the purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of parent-child relationship training in two methods based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral training on mothers' life satisfaction.
Materials and methods: This research was conducted in a semi-experimental way with a pre- and post-test with a control group. For to the purpose of the study, 63 mothers of male students studying in the first year of high school were selected as members of a statistical sample and randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group. One group of mothers were trained on parent-child relationships in a manner based on acceptance and commitment, and the second group was trained in cognitive behavioral therapy using the relevant training package during 10 sessions in 10 weeks. The control group did not participate in any educational intervention until the end of the study process. To collect research data the Diener SWLS Life Satisfaction Scale was used, which is a standardized test. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.
Findings: The results showed that both methods of educational intervention, method based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy are effective in increasing mothers' life satisfaction ( ). Also, the effectiveness of the two methods of educational intervention in increasing mothers' life satisfaction was almost the same and no significant difference was observed ( ).
Conclusion: Parent-child relationship training based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral therapy are effective on mothers' life satisfaction.

References:

1- Diener E, Suh EM. Lucas RE. Smith HL. Subjective well-being:
Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin. 1999.125: 276–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276

2- Greenspoon PJ, Saklofske D. Toward an integration of subjective wellbeing and psychopathology. Social Indicators Research.2001. 54: 81–108.

3- Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S. “The Satisfaction with Life Scale”, Journal of Personality Assessment. 1985. 49 (1):71-75. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13.

4- Suikkanen J. An improved whole life satisfaction theory of happiness... International Journal of Wellbeing.2011. 1(1): 149-166. doi:10.5502/ijw.v1i1.6

5- Thimm J.C. Personality and early Maladaptive schemas: A fivefactor model. Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 2010. 41: 378-380. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.03.009

6- Kim J, Kim YM. The effects of mother’s marital satisfaction influences on father’s parenting efficacy with general characteristics of one’s parents. The Korean Association of Child Care and Education. 2008. 54:269-287.

7- Dinisman T, Andresen S, Montserrat C, Strózik D, Strózik T. Family structure and family relationship from the child well-being perspective: Findings from comparative analysis. Children and Youth Services Review.2017. 80: 105-115. DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.06.064

8- Goldenberg H, Goldenberg I. Family Therapy. eighth edition.US: Brooks/cole.2011.

9- Bay R, Bay F. Virginia Satit: Social Worker Family Therapist. Tehran: Danje. 2015. [in Persian].

10- Jung E, Lee M. The relationship between the difficulty of nurturing and the degree of life satisfaction of parents with infants: The mediating effect of couple communication and parental role satisfaction. Korean Journal of Family Welfare.2013. 18(4): 485-510.

11- Willroth EC, Atherton OE, Robins RW. Life satisfaction trajectories during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood: Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.2021. 120(1), 192–205. https://doi.org/10. 037/pspp0000294

12- Brock RL, Kochanska G O’Hara, MW, Grekin RS. Life satisfaction moderates the effectiveness of a play-based parenting intervention in low-income mothers and toddlers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 2015. 43:1283-1294 doi:10. 1007/s10802-015-0014-y.

13- Mohrhari F, Soltanifar A, Khalsi H, Islami N. Investigating the effect of teaching constructive education program to mothers in improving relationships with teenage children. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.2011. 2(55):116-123.doi: 10.22038/MJMS.2012.5299 [in Persian].

14- Kaniu_sonyte G, Zukauskienˇ ER. Relationships with parents, identity styles and pos- _itive youth development during the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Emerging Adulthood.2018. 6(1): 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696817690978

15- Sharf RS. Theories of Psychotherapy & Counseling: Concepts and Cases.6th Edition. Boston, cengage Learning.2014.

16- Romano M, Truzoli R, Osborne LA, Ree P. The relationship between autism quotient, anxiety, and internet addiction. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorers.2014. 8(11): 1521-1526. DOI:10.1016/j.rasd.2014.08.002

17- Dolan SL, Martin RA, Rohesenow D. self-efficacy for cocaine absithence pretreatment correlates and relationship to outcome. Addict Behav.2008. 33(5):675-88. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.12.001

18- Hossninik S, Islamzadeh A. The effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral training on improving post-traumatic symptoms, quality of life, self-esteem and marital satisfaction of women faced with marital infidelity. Journal of Women's Research.2018. 11(1):53-71. [in Persian].

19- Yoosefi N, Mohammadi F, Azizi A, Shams Esfandabady R. Comparing the Effectiveness of Classical Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Enhancement - Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Quality of Life in Depressed Women. Journal of Clinical Psychology.2018. 11(3):101-112. Doi:10.22075/JCP.2020.16811.1595 [in Persian].

20- Flaxman OL, Blackledge JT, Bond FW. acceptance and commitment therapy: Distinctive Features Series. New York: Routledge.2011.

21- Hayes SC, Levin ME, Plumb-Vilardaga J, Villatte JL, Pistorello J. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Contextual Behavioral Science: Examining the Progress of a Distinctive Model of Behavioral and Cogni- tive Therapy. Behavior Therapy.2013. 44: 180-196. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2009.08.002

22- Hayes SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, Masuda A, Lillis J. Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behavior Research and Therapy.2006. 44(1): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006

23- Fletcher L, Hayes SC. Relational frame theory, acceptance and commitment therapy, and a functional analytic definition of mindfulness. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy.2005. 23(4):315–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10942-005-0017-7.

24- Bach PA, Moran DJ. ACT in Practice: Case Conceptualization in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Illustrated Edition.2008.

25- Hosmane SC, Luoma JB, Bond FW, Masuda A, Lillis J. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behavior research and therapy. 2005. 44(1): 1 -25.

26- Smout MF, Longo M, Harrison S, Minniti R, Wickes W, White JM. Psychosocial treatment for methamphetamine use disorders: a preliminary randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. Substance abuse.2018. 31(2): 98 -107.  DOI: 10.1080/08897071003641578

27- Villatte M, Villatte JL, Hayes SC. Mastering the Clinical Conversation language as intervention. New York: the Guilford press. 2016.

28- Ostadian Khani Z, FadaiMoghadam M. Effect of acceptance and commitment group therapy on social Adjustment and social phobia Among physically –disabled Personns. Journal of Rehabilitation.2017. 18(1): 63-72.https//doi.org/1021859/jrehab-180163 [in Persian].

29- Abdollahi SM, Rafiipour A, Sabet M. The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on mental health, hope, and meaning in cardiovascular patients. Iranian Journal of Health Psychology.2020. 3 (1): 61 -70. https://doi.org/10.30473/ijohp.2020.50883.1069

30- Diener E, Pavot W. Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Retrieved from. 1993. http://www.ksbe.edu/_assets/spi/pdfs/survey_toolkit/other_samples/pavot_diener.pdf

31- Bayani A. Mohammad- Kochchi A, Gudarzi H. the Reliability and Validity of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Iranian Journal of Psychologists.2016. 3 (11): 265-259. [in Persian].

32- Joshan-Poush S, Fazilat-Pour M, Rahmati A. The Effectiveness of Parent-Child Relationship Training based on ACT on the Parent-Adolescent Conflict of Mothers with Epileptic Child. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences.2017. 7(13): 39-50. https://doi.org/10.22108/cbs.2018.86881.0 [in Persian].

33- Amininaghani S, Najarpourian S, Samavi A. Comparing of the effectiveness of positive parenting program training and acceptance and commitment based parenting Training on mothers' aggression and symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences.2020. 28(1): 67-77. [in Persian].

34- Hayes SC, Strosohl KD. A Practical Guide to acceptance and commitment therapy.New York: Springer.2004.

35- Hamidi F, Shirazizadeh Z, Ebrahim Damavandi M. The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Counseling on Parent‐Child Relationship in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Health Education and Health Promotion.2020. 2(8):1-6.

36- Gudarti Mirkouhi M, Sharifi Daramadei P, Abdullahi Boqrabadi Q. The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy based on parent training on the symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in children. Journal of Psychology of Exceptional People.2014. 5(20): 109-123. [in Persian].

37- Free MmL. Cognitive Therapy in Groups: Guidelines and Resources for Practice, 2nd Edition. San Francisco: wiley.2008.

38- Beck JS. Cognitive Behavior Therapy Basics and Beyond. 2nd Editon. New York: the Guilford press. 2011.

39- Vowles K, Fink BC, Cohen L. Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: A diary study of treatment process in relation to reliable change in disability. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science.2014. 3(2):74-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.04.003

40- Fernández C, González S, Coto R, Pedrosa I. Behavioral activationand acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: a randomized clinical trial. Beh Modi. 2020. 23:232-243 DOI: 10.1177/0145445520916441

41- Ruiz J, Luciano C, Flórez L, Suárez-Falcón JC, Cardona-Betancourt V. A multiple-baseline evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy focused on repetitive negative thinking for comorbid generalized anxiety disorder and depression. Front Psychol.2020. 11:12-23 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00356

42- Swain J, Hancock K. Hainsworth C. Bowman J. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of anxiety: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review.2013. 33(8): 965-978.

43- Datta A, Aditya C, Chakraborty A, Das P, Mukhopadhyay A. The
potential utility of acceptance and commitment therapy (act) for reducing stress and improving wellbeing in cancer patients in Kolkata. J Cancer Educ. 2016. 31:721-729.

44- Mazaheri A, Baghban I, Fatehizadeh M. The effect of self-esteem group training on the level of social organization of students, Daneshvar Behavat Monthly, Shahid University.2015. 13 (16):49-56. [in Persian].

45- Emami T, Fatehizadeh M, Abedi. Comparison of the effectiveness of two cognitive-behavioral methods and parent education in increasing students' self-esteem, Daneshvar Behavat Journal, Shahid University.2005. 13 (19): 65-74. [in Persian].

46- A-Tjak JG, Davis ML, Morina N, Powers MB, Smits JA, Emmelkamp PM. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy for clinically relevant mental and physical health problems. Psychotherapy Psychosomatics.2015. 84(1): 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1159/000365764

47- Samaan M, Diefenbacher A, Schade C, Dambacher C, Pontow IM, Pakenham K, Fydrich TA, clinical effectiveness trial comparing ACT and CBT for inpatients with depressive and mixed mental disorders, Psychotherapy Research.2020. DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2020.1802080

48- Barkowski S, Schwartze D, Strauss B, Burlingame GM, Rosendahl J. Efficacy of group psychotherapy for anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychotherapy Research.2020. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2020.1729440

49- O`Brien K, Murell A. Evaluating the effectiveness of a parent training protocol based on an acceptance and commitment therapy philosophy of parenting. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of North Texas. 2011).

50- Brown FL, Whittingham K, Boyd RN, McKinlay L, Sofronoff K. Does Stepping Stones Triple P plus Acceptance and Commitment Therapy improve parent, couple, and family adjustment following pediatric acquired brain injury? A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2015. 73: 58-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.07.001

51- Murell AR, Schmalz J, Mitchell PR, Laborede CT. Parent Action: Acceptance and Commitment Training for Parents. Paper presented at Assosiation for Behavior AnalysisAnnual Convention, Phoenix, AZ, may. 2009.

52- Greco LA, Effert G H. Treating parent-adolescent conflict: Is acceptance the missing link for an integrative family therapy? Journal of Cognitive and Behavior in Clinical Psychology. 2004.11 (3): 305-314. DOI:10.1016/S1077-7229(04)80045-2

53- Feros DL, Lane L, Ciarrochi J, Blackledge JT.Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for improving the lives of cancer patients: a preliminary study. Psychooncology. (2013); 22:459-464. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.2083

54- Bieling PJ, McCabe RE, Antony MM. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Groups, 1st Edition, New York: the Guilford press.2009.

55- Witlox M, Kraaij V, Garnefski N, Bohlmeijer E, Smit F, Spinhoven P. Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention vs. a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention for older adults with anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE. 2022.17(1): e0262220. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262220.

56- Li Z, Li Y, Guo L, Li M, Yang K. Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for mental illness in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int J Clin Pract.2021.00:e13982. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13982

57- Niles AN, Burklund LJ, Arch JJ, Lieberman MD, Saxbe D, Craske MG. Cognitive mediators of treatment for social anxiety disorder: Comparing acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, Behavior Therapy.2014. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2014.04.006

58- Dimidjian S, Arch JJ, Schneider RL, Desormeau P, Felder JN, Segal ZV. Considering meta-analysis, meaning, and metaphor: A systematic review and critical examination of “third wave” cognitive and behavioral therapies.Behavior Therapy.2016. 47(6): 886–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.07.002

59- Arch.J J. Eifert, H. G, Davies, C, Plumb Vilardaga. C.J, Rose, D. R, & Craske, G. M. (2012). Randomized Clinical Trial of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Versus Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Mixed Anxiety Disorders, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.2012. Vol. 80, No. 5, 750–765, DOI: 0.1037/a0028310.

60- Luciano C, Valdivia-Salas S, & Ruiz FJ. The self as the context for rule-governed behavior. In L McHugh & I Stewart (Eds.), the self and perspective taking: research and applications. Oakland, CA: Context Press.2012.pp:143-160.