Increasing children's creativity in outdoor kindergarten
Subject Areas : Architecture
1 -
Keywords: Creativity, Open space, Child, Kindergarten,
Abstract :
Childhood, as the first and most significant period of a person's life, is the founder of children's abilities and creativity (between 2 and 10 years of age). During these years, the child is highly affected by the environment and shows a high level of curiosity about the surrounding environment. Due to the presence of a majority of children aged 2 to 6 years in kindergartens and the need to pay serious attention to their open spaces for the education and development of children's creativity, this article explains the factors affecting the growth of children's creativity in the open spaces of kindergartens. In this regard, some of the effective factors in the development of children's creativity that should be considered in the design of the open spaces of these buildings are provided using the descriptive survey research method. The statistical population of the study included educators and kindergarten staff. Structural equations were used in SPSS and AMOS software to analyze the data. According to the results of the study, it can be stated that the development of children's creativity will not be possible only through educational programs but also through flexible spaces, using natural elements, and children's participation, which will children's creativity. In this regard, the component of children's participation is the most effective in the growth and development of children's creativity. After that, space flexibility, natural elements, space playability, color and light, kind, sense of security, and space legibility, respectively, have the highest effect on the development of children's creativity.
References:
Abu-Ghazzeh, T. (1998). Children’s use of the street as playground in Abu-Naseir, Jordan. Journal of Environment and Behavior, 30(6), 799-831.
Albertini, E. (2021). What are the environmental capabilities, as components of the sustainable intellectual capital, that matter to the CEOs of European companies?nJournal of Intellectual Capital, 22(5), 918-937. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-06-2020-0215.
Agustina, T. P., Sari, M., & Ahmad, S. (2024). Efforts to increase the creativity of Group B children through project methods in IT Bintang Fajar Kindergarten Palembang. Journal on Education, 6(2), 12004–12014. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i2.5019
Alexander, C. D., & Joshua, H. (2021). The power of place-in-place attachment. Geographical Review, 112(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167428.2021.1884983
Amabile, T. (2010). Growing up creative: Nurturing a lifetime of creativity (H. Ghasemzadeh & P. Aazami, Trans.). Tehran: Donyae No. (In Persian)
Ataei, E., & Toraby, Z. (2021). The role of physical components of the environment in children's morale and mental dynamics (In architecture space for children aged 3-6 years). Journal of Architecture Thought, 5(10), 150–162. Doi:10.30479/at.2020.12432.1416
Azemati, H., Sabahi, S., & Azemati, S. (2012). Environmental factors affecting student satisfaction of learning spaces. Naghshejahan, 2(1), 31–42. http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-1021-en.html
Bagheri, M., & Azemati, H. (2011). Improving children’s creativity in the school environment: Architectural space as educational curriculum. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 6(22), 163–184. (In Persian)
Baker, K. (2021). Commentary: The creation of a confidence scale: The confidence in managing challenging situations scale. Journal of Research in Nursing, 26(6), 497–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120979709
Beigi, H. (1995). The role of play in the child's physical and mental development. Peyvand, 189 & 190. (In Persian)
Blinkert, B. (2004). Quality of the city for children: Chaos and order. Children, Youth and Environments, 14(1), 99–112. Retrieved June 29, 2006, from http://www.colorado.edu/journals/cye
Bynum, B., Marianna, S., Emily Pauline, Y., Manuel Alector, R., Kayode, D. A., Kyle Maurice, W., & Benjamin Prangle, M. (2021). Measuring place attachment with the Abbreviated Place Attachment Scale (APAS). Journal of Environmental Psychology, 74, Article 101577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101577
Christie, S., Lyu, J., Fang, Y., & Han, X. (2020). The cognitive science of urban space design for children. Landscape Architecture Frontiers, 8(2), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-LAF-1-030014
Clements, R., Messanga, M., & Millbank, A. M. (2023). Traditional children's games in Tanzania. Children, Youth, and Environments, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.18.2.0206
Day, C. (2004). Places of the soul: Architectural & environmental design as a healing art. London: Elsevier Architectural Press.
Douglas, J. (1995). Behaviour problems in young children (M. Yasaei, Trans.). Tehran: Mad Book. (In Persian)
Dyer, W. (2009). What do you really want for your children? (A. Alipanahi, Trans.). Tehran: Asim. (In Persian)
Ebtekar, A., & Fadaie Tmaidjanie, H. (2023). Explaining the role of color as an effective factor in the design of kindergarten spaces in order to promote children's creativity. Designing and Planning in Architecture and Urbanism, 1(1), 75–92. https://doi.org/10.30495/dpau.2023.706777
Frith, E., Kane, M. J., Welhaf, M. S., Christensen, A. P., Silvia, P. J., & Beaty, R. E. (2021). Keeping creativity under control: Contributions of attention control and fluid intelligence to divergent thinking. Creativity Research Journal. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2020.1855906
Fjortoft, I. (2004). Landscape as playscape: The effect of natural environment on children’s play and motor development. Children, Youth and Environments, 14(2), 21–44. Retrieved June 29, 2006, from http://www.colorado.edu/journals/cye
Gabriel, N. (2017). Growing up in society: A historical social psychology of childhood. Historical Social Research. https://doi.org/10.12759/HSR.42.2017.4.207-226
Green, A. E., Beaty, R. E., Kenett, Y. N., & Kaufman, J. C. (2023). The process definition of creativity. Creativity Research Journal. Advance online publication, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2254573
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Hesami, S., Sedaghati, A., Babazadeh Oskouei, S., & Shafizade, A. (2022). Analysis of human interaction with the environment in terms of the effects of perception and behavior on place attachment: Case study of Mehr Mokrian Housing Complex in Mahabad. Urban Design Discourse, 3(1), 39–57. http://udd.modares.ac.ir/article-40-61902-en.html
Hosseini, A. (2023). Creativity in philosophy: A multifaceted approach to education with Mulla Sadra's thinking. SYAMIL: Journal of Islamic Education. https://doi.org/10.21093/sy.v11i1.6144
Ittelson, W. H. (1974). An introduction to environmental psychology. Holt.
Kamelnia, H. (2010). A new outlook at the design of learning environments. Architecture & Culture, 41. (In Persian)
Kroner, W. (2009). Archiotecture fur kinder (A. Koochak Khoshnevis & E. Mirrahimi, Trans.). Tehran: Ganje Honar. (In Persian)
Lansdown, G., & Vaghri, Z. (2022). Definition of a child. In Monitoring State Compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (pp. 408–412). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84647-3_40
Levenson, E. S., Barkai, R., Mahamid, A., et al. (2024). Creating equal groups from n items: Mathematical creativity in kindergarten. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 116, 145–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-024-10322-8
Lindon, J., & Langston, A. (2010). Creating places for birth to threes (Z. Dehghani & F. Mofidi, Trans.). Tehran: Javaneh Roshd. (In Persian)
Mahjoor, S. (2022). Psychology of play. Tehran: Virayesh. (In Persian)
Makarau, N. I., Hibana, S., & Surahman, S. (2022). Utilization of used materials to increase early childhood art creativity in Flamboyan Kindergarten. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 2(1), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.14421/joyced.2022.21-03
Malekipour, A. (2014). The role of environmental factors on the comprehensive development of children. Preschool Education Growth Magazine, 6(1), 18–22. (In Persian)
Mansouri, A., & Gharehbaglou, M. (2011). Urban open space quality in relation to children. Iranian Islamic City Studies, 2(6), 63–72. (In Persian)
Memarian, G. (2010). A course in the theoretical foundations of architecture. Tehran: Soroush Danesh Publication. (In Persian)
Mirzabeigi, A. (2011). The role of art in education and mental health of children. Tehran: Madreseh Publications. (In Persian)
Mofidi, F. (2019). Preschool and primary school education. Payam Noor University Publications. (In Persian)
Moore, R. C. (1990). Childhood’s domain: Play and place in child development. Berkeley, CA: MIG Communications.
Mortezavi, S. (1997). Educational facilities from a psychological perspective. Organization for Development, Renovation, and Equipping Schools of Iran. (In Persian)
Mozaffar, M., Hoseini, S., Bagheri, M., & Azemati, H. (2007). The role of neighborhood open spaces in children’s growth and creativity. Bage Nazar, 4(8), 59–72. (In Persian)
Nora, E., Khafidah, W., & Rizqiannisa, R. (2022). Social interaction growing social concern among children RA Az-Zahra in Pidie Jaya District. Proceedings of International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research, 5(2), 88–93. https://doi.org/10.32672/pic-mr.v5i2.5412
Piaget, J. (2015). Play, dreams, and imitation in childhood (Z. Tofigh, Trans.). Tehran: Ney Publisher. (In Persian)
Riyazi, Z. (2013). Effects of color and form in kindergarten environmental graphics. The Book of the Month of Art, 178, 44–49. (In Persian)
Saif, A. (2017). Educational psychology: Psychology of learning and instruction. Tehran: Agah. (In Persian)
Samoila, C., & Ursutiu, D. (2020). The university curricula and creativity: A point of view. In 22nd International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL) (pp. 844–856). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40271-6_83
Sapounidis, T., Rapti, S., & Vaiopoulou, J. (2024). Effects of educational robotics on kindergarteners’ collaboration, communication, critical thinking, and creativity: A meta-analysis. Journal of Science Education and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-024-10149-1
Sebastien, L. (2020). The power of place in understanding place attachments and meanings. Geoforum, 108, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.11.001
Sedaghati, A. (2023). Investigating the influencing factors of outdoor spaces of residential complexes in the promotion of children's creativity: Case study of Sepidar Orumiyeh Residential Complex. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Architecture and Urbanism Development, 1(3), 125–140. DOI: 10.30495/JISAUD.2023.1977144.1036
Setyaningsih, D., Handasah, R., Mamma, A. T., Krobo, A., Olua, E., & Iryouw, V. (2024). Fostering eco-literacy and naturalistic intelligence through environmentally based education in coastal preschool. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 18(1), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.181.18
Shafaee, M., & Madani, R. (2010). Design principles of educational facilities for children based on the child’s creativity. Journal of Technology of Education, 4(2), 117–124. (In Persian)
Sheibani, M. (2011). Footprints of a child in an urban landscape. Urbanization Essays, 34, 132–136. (In Persian)
Smare, Z., & Elfatihi, M. (2024). A systematic review on factors influencing the development of children’s creativity. Journal of Childhood, Education & Society, 5(2), 176–200. https://doi.org/10.37291/2717638X.202452371
Taghizadeh, S., Alesaeidi, S., Jafari-Koshki, T., Valizadeh-Otaghsara, S. M., Poursheikhali, A., Tousi, A., & Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M. (2023). Trend impact analysis (TIA) of community-based futures study for pediatric obesity in Iran. BMC Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-03880-y
Torrance, E. P. (2013). Creative talents and skills and ways of testing and developing them (H. Ghasemzadeh, Trans.). Tehran: Donyaye No. (In Persian)
Victoryana, J., Wirakusumah, I. A., & Sudradjat, I. (2024). Implementation of children's architectural design principles in child-friendly school buildings: Case study of Fuji Kindergarten, Japan & Farming Kindergarten, Vietnam. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, 5(7), 3273–3289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v5i7.1205
Yesilyurt, E. (2020). Creativity and creative thinking: A comprehensive review study with all dimensions and stakeholders. OPUS – Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(25), 3874–3915. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.662721
Abu-Ghazzeh, T. (1998). Children’s use of the street as playground in Abu-Naseir, Jordan. Journal of Environment and Behavior, 30(6), 799-831.
Albertini, E. (2021). What are the environmental capabilities, as components of the sustainable intellectual capital, that matter to the CEOs of European companies?nJournal of Intellectual Capital, 22(5), 918-937. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-06-2020-0215.
Agustina, T. P., Sari, M., & Ahmad, S. (2024). Efforts to increase the creativity of Group B children through project methods in IT Bintang Fajar Kindergarten Palembang. Journal on Education, 6(2), 12004–12014. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v6i2.5019
Alexander, C. D., & Joshua, H. (2021). The power of place-in-place attachment. Geographical Review, 112(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00167428.2021.1884983
Amabile, T. (2010). Growing up creative: Nurturing a lifetime of creativity (H. Ghasemzadeh & P. Aazami, Trans.). Tehran: Donyae No. (In Persian)
Ataei, E., & Toraby, Z. (2021). The role of physical components of the environment in children's morale and mental dynamics (In architecture space for children aged 3-6 years). Journal of Architecture Thought, 5(10), 150–162. Doi:10.30479/at.2020.12432.1416
Azemati, H., Sabahi, S., & Azemati, S. (2012). Environmental factors affecting student satisfaction of learning spaces. Naghshejahan, 2(1), 31–42. http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-1021-en.html
Bagheri, M., & Azemati, H. (2011). Improving children’s creativity in the school environment: Architectural space as educational curriculum. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 6(22), 163–184. (In Persian)
Baker, K. (2021). Commentary: The creation of a confidence scale: The confidence in managing challenging situations scale. Journal of Research in Nursing, 26(6), 497–498. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120979709
Beigi, H. (1995). The role of play in the child's physical and mental development. Peyvand, 189 & 190. (In Persian)
Blinkert, B. (2004). Quality of the city for children: Chaos and order. Children, Youth and Environments, 14(1), 99–112. Retrieved June 29, 2006, from http://www.colorado.edu/journals/cye
Bynum, B., Marianna, S., Emily Pauline, Y., Manuel Alector, R., Kayode, D. A., Kyle Maurice, W., & Benjamin Prangle, M. (2021). Measuring place attachment with the Abbreviated Place Attachment Scale (APAS). Journal of Environmental Psychology, 74, Article 101577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101577
Christie, S., Lyu, J., Fang, Y., & Han, X. (2020). The cognitive science of urban space design for children. Landscape Architecture Frontiers, 8(2), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.15302/J-LAF-1-030014
Clements, R., Messanga, M., & Millbank, A. M. (2023). Traditional children's games in Tanzania. Children, Youth, and Environments, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.18.2.0206
Day, C. (2004). Places of the soul: Architectural & environmental design as a healing art. London: Elsevier Architectural Press.
Douglas, J. (1995). Behaviour problems in young children (M. Yasaei, Trans.). Tehran: Mad Book. (In Persian)
Dyer, W. (2009). What do you really want for your children? (A. Alipanahi, Trans.). Tehran: Asim. (In Persian)
Ebtekar, A., & Fadaie Tmaidjanie, H. (2023). Explaining the role of color as an effective factor in the design of kindergarten spaces in order to promote children's creativity. Designing and Planning in Architecture and Urbanism, 1(1), 75–92. https://doi.org/10.30495/dpau.2023.706777
Frith, E., Kane, M. J., Welhaf, M. S., Christensen, A. P., Silvia, P. J., & Beaty, R. E. (2021). Keeping creativity under control: Contributions of attention control and fluid intelligence to divergent thinking. Creativity Research Journal. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2020.1855906
Fjortoft, I. (2004). Landscape as playscape: The effect of natural environment on children’s play and motor development. Children, Youth and Environments, 14(2), 21–44. Retrieved June 29, 2006, from http://www.colorado.edu/journals/cye
Gabriel, N. (2017). Growing up in society: A historical social psychology of childhood. Historical Social Research. https://doi.org/10.12759/HSR.42.2017.4.207-226
Green, A. E., Beaty, R. E., Kenett, Y. N., & Kaufman, J. C. (2023). The process definition of creativity. Creativity Research Journal. Advance online publication, 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2023.2254573
Guimarães, L., Engler, R. D., & Franco, M. (2023). Design de ambientes sustentáveis: Soluções criativas e seus benefícios em espaços de educação infantil. IMPACT Projects, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.59279/impact.v2i2.2111
Hesami, S., Sedaghati, A., Babazadeh Oskouei, S., & Shafizade, A. (2022). Analysis of human interaction with the environment in terms of the effects of perception and behavior on place attachment: Case study of Mehr Mokrian Housing Complex in Mahabad. Urban Design Discourse, 3(1), 39–57. http://udd.modares.ac.ir/article-40-61902-en.html
Hosseini, A. (2023). Creativity in philosophy: A multifaceted approach to education with Mulla Sadra's thinking. SYAMIL: Journal of Islamic Education. https://doi.org/10.21093/sy.v11i1.6144
Ittelson, W. H. (1974). An introduction to environmental psychology. Holt.
Kamelnia, H. (2010). A new outlook at the design of learning environments. Architecture & Culture, 41. (In Persian)
Kroner, W. (2009). Archiotecture fur kinder (A. Koochak Khoshnevis & E. Mirrahimi, Trans.). Tehran: Ganje Honar. (In Persian)
Lansdown, G., & Vaghri, Z. (2022). Definition of a child. In Monitoring State Compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (pp. 408–412). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84647-3_40
Levenson, E. S., Barkai, R., Mahamid, A., et al. (2024). Creating equal groups from n items: Mathematical creativity in kindergarten. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 116, 145–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-024-10322-8
Lindon, J., & Langston, A. (2010). Creating places for birth to threes (Z. Dehghani & F. Mofidi, Trans.). Tehran: Javaneh Roshd. (In Persian)
Mahjoor, S. (2022). Psychology of play. Tehran: Virayesh. (In Persian)
Makarau, N. I., Hibana, S., & Surahman, S. (2022). Utilization of used materials to increase early childhood art creativity in Flamboyan Kindergarten. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 2(1), 28–38. https://doi.org/10.14421/joyced.2022.21-03
Malekipour, A. (2014). The role of environmental factors on the comprehensive development of children. Preschool Education Growth Magazine, 6(1), 18–22. (In Persian)
Mansouri, A., & Gharehbaglou, M. (2011). Urban open space quality in relation to children. Iranian Islamic City Studies, 2(6), 63–72. (In Persian)
Memarian, G. (2010). A course in the theoretical foundations of architecture. Tehran: Soroush Danesh Publication. (In Persian)
Mirzabeigi, A. (2011). The role of art in education and mental health of children. Tehran: Madreseh Publications. (In Persian)
Mofidi, F. (2019). Preschool and primary school education. Payam Noor University Publications. (In Persian)
Moore, R. C. (1990). Childhood’s domain: Play and place in child development. Berkeley, CA: MIG Communications.
Mortezavi, S. (1997). Educational facilities from a psychological perspective. Organization for Development, Renovation, and Equipping Schools of Iran. (In Persian)
Mozaffar, M., Hoseini, S., Bagheri, M., & Azemati, H. (2007). The role of neighborhood open spaces in children’s growth and creativity. Bage Nazar, 4(8), 59–72. (In Persian)
Nora, E., Khafidah, W., & Rizqiannisa, R. (2022). Social interaction growing social concern among children RA Az-Zahra in Pidie Jaya District. Proceedings of International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research, 5(2), 88–93. https://doi.org/10.32672/pic-mr.v5i2.5412
Piaget, J. (2015). Play, dreams, and imitation in childhood (Z. Tofigh, Trans.). Tehran: Ney Publisher. (In Persian)
Riyazi, Z. (2013). Effects of color and form in kindergarten environmental graphics. The Book of the Month of Art, 178, 44–49. (In Persian)
Saif, A. (2017). Educational psychology: Psychology of learning and instruction. Tehran: Agah. (In Persian)
Samoila, C., & Ursutiu, D. (2020). The university curricula and creativity: A point of view. In 22nd International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL) (pp. 844–856). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40271-6_83
Sapounidis, T., Rapti, S., & Vaiopoulou, J. (2024). Effects of educational robotics on kindergarteners’ collaboration, communication, critical thinking, and creativity: A meta-analysis. Journal of Science Education and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-024-10149-1
Sebastien, L. (2020). The power of place in understanding place attachments and meanings. Geoforum, 108, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.11.001
Sedaghati, A. (2023). Investigating the influencing factors of outdoor spaces of residential complexes in the promotion of children's creativity: Case study of Sepidar Orumiyeh Residential Complex. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Architecture and Urbanism Development, 1(3), 125–140. DOI: 10.30495/JISAUD.2023.1977144.1036
Setyaningsih, D., Handasah, R., Mamma, A. T., Krobo, A., Olua, E., & Iryouw, V. (2024). Fostering eco-literacy and naturalistic intelligence through environmentally based education in coastal preschool. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 18(1), 251–269. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.181.18
Shafaee, M., & Madani, R. (2010). Design principles of educational facilities for children based on the child’s creativity. Journal of Technology of Education, 4(2), 117–124. (In Persian)
Sheibani, M. (2011). Footprints of a child in an urban landscape. Urbanization Essays, 34, 132–136. (In Persian)
Smare, Z., & Elfatihi, M. (2024). A systematic review on factors influencing the development of children’s creativity. Journal of Childhood, Education & Society, 5(2), 176–200. https://doi.org/10.37291/2717638X.202452371
Taghizadeh, S., Alesaeidi, S., Jafari-Koshki, T., Valizadeh-Otaghsara, S. M., Poursheikhali, A., Tousi, A., & Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M. (2023). Trend impact analysis (TIA) of community-based futures study for pediatric obesity in Iran. BMC Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-03880-y
Torrance, E. P. (2013). Creative talents and skills and ways of testing and developing them (H. Ghasemzadeh, Trans.). Tehran: Donyaye No. (In Persian)
Victoryana, J., Wirakusumah, I. A., & Sudradjat, I. (2024). Implementation of children's architectural design principles in child-friendly school buildings: Case study of Fuji Kindergarten, Japan & Farming Kindergarten, Vietnam. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi, 5(7), 3273–3289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59141/jist.v5i7.1205
Yesilyurt, E. (2020). Creativity and creative thinking: A comprehensive review study with all dimensions and stakeholders. OPUS – Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(25), 3874–3915. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.662721
